Figure2.1Primaryenergydemandbyfueltype,1990-2021mboe/dSource:OPEC199019911992199319941995Oil64.4964.7665.1465.5265.9267.23Coal44.2543.0942.3242.5142.8944.02Gas33.3334.4834.5135.1635.1536.18Nuclear10.5511.0411.1311.4711.7412.21Hydro3.683.793.794.024.054.25Biomass16.5916.8817.2317.2917.5217.84Otherrenewables0.670.680.710.730.760.75Fossilfuelshare(RHS)81.981.581.281.080.980.8Oilandgasshare(RHS)56.456.857.057.056.856.7Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformabusiness,finance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisionTheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,explresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.1990199219941996199820002002200420062008050100150200250300350400mboe/d199619971998199920002001200220032004200568.9570.6570.9472.5473.1773.8374.6576.2779.0279.7344.7444.3844.2144.4647.3148.9151.1153.8257.2359.7837.4637.8738.2139.9441.4841.7543.0744.6845.8947.2312.6612.5312.8013.2513.5613.8113.9313.8014.3414.494.314.364.384.404.494.394.514.544.835.0418.1318.3318.5018.7718.8218.6518.9719.3719.7320.140.790.810.860.911.041.061.001.051.131.1780.880.980.880.881.081.381.581.882.082.156.957.457.557.957.457.156.856.656.255.8orldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefromrinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.sarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.Thedesignationofaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMembercerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhaving199419961998200020022004200620082010201220142016201820200255075100OilCoalGasNuclearHydroBiomassOtherrenewablesOilandgasshare(RHS)Fossilfuelshare(RHS)%200620072008200920102011201220132014201580.6281.1080.6878.8781.0080.8981.5181.7283.1284.4163.3866.7567.6567.6373.2476.6977.4078.3179.3077.1248.3850.4951.8350.7854.8755.8957.0558.2758.3458.9314.6214.2414.3114.1214.4313.5212.8912.9813.2813.465.225.305.515.615.916.026.306.526.666.6820.6120.9321.3221.4422.0722.0922.5623.1523.3823.711.241.361.481.641.782.032.272.592.913.2682.282.682.482.282.683.083.182.882.782.455.154.854.654.053.653.253.353.153.053.620162017201820192020202185.7287.2487.0491.4583.0988.3274.7576.0577.2476.0672.7274.7260.8662.4265.3766.9664.8766.3913.6613.8114.1914.6114.4315.176.916.987.197.237.377.5024.1024.5425.0325.4325.8526.243.664.244.865.686.467.4382.182.081.781.680.380.354.454.454.355.153.854.1Figure2.2Growthinprimaryenergydemandbyfueltype,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPEC2021-20252025-20352035-2045Oil7.823.960.53Coal-0.74-7.57-8.21Gas3.549.575.78Nuclear1.093.393.67Hydro0.541.390.96Biomass1.654.092.91Otherrenewables3.7913.6313.49Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformameanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensurethearelevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylosOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitspresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/orirefining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstrprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.-20-10010203040mboe/dheWorldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmertshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarranticy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofusinnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesinoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,oeWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;-20-100102030402021-20252025-20352035-2045mboe/diness,finance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;noristariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,takenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldfgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseandea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,eaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingFigure2.3Growthinprimaryenergydemandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/d,%Source:OPECOtherDCs26.411.82India19.092.98OPEC13.982.30China8.070.46OtherEurasia2.611.22OECDAsia-Pacific-0.32-0.02OECDAmericas-0.24-0.06Russia-1.27-0.35OECDEurope-3.07-0.39Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesGrowth(mboe/d)Growth(%p.a.)Disclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinfonorismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoenaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,informationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECexploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutloopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.OtherDCsIndiaOPECChinaOtherEuraO-5051015202530351.83.02.30.5mboe/drldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmenttshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarruracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultsarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesinthveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,gintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,laworotOPECChinaOtherEurasiaOECDAsia-PacificOECDAmericasRussiaOECDEurope-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.53.02.30.51.20.0-0.1-0.3-0.4Growth(mboe/d)Growth(%p.a.)%p.a.mbusiness,finance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;OPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitstionordecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingonthetionofgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,anyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalFigure2.4Growthinenergydemandbyfueltypeandregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPECOECDIndiaChinaOtherNon-OECDTotalOil-9.756.242.3013.5012.30Coal-7.935.08-14.200.54-16.52Gas-0.682.714.3712.4918.89Nuclear1.141.114.621.278.14Hydro0.450.400.671.382.90Biomass3.140.351.543.628.64Otherrenewables10.003.218.788.9330.91Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinfoismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuraccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,intheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutloopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.ntheWorldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,inveffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnoanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentiatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthors.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,-30-20-10010203040OECDOtherNon-OECDIndiaChinaTotalmboe/ddvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;northeOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationdesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseanderritoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,sunderanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalFigure2.5Oildemandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPEC202120252030203520402045OECD38.5040.3338.1035.0231.8128.75China14.2115.6516.2416.5616.6516.51India4.795.857.078.319.6211.03OPEC7.959.1310.1411.0011.5811.95Othernon-OECD22.8725.1727.3329.1930.8432.37Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccurausingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitstheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.OilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsultnableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnnsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisionlyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorlatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthoritiees.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,law202120252030203520402045020406080100120OECDChinaIndiaOPECOthernon-OECDmboe/dance,investmentconsultantorotherOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesortoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofhicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orFigure2.6Incrementaloildemandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPECOtherDCs9.14India6.24OPEC4.00China2.30Eurasia0.36OECDAsia-Pacific-2.21OECDEurope-3.38OECDAmericas-4.15Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccurausingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitstheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.OtherDCsIndiaOPECChinaEurasiaOEAPa-6-4-20246810mboe/dOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsultnableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnnsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisionlyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorlatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthoritiees.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,lawChinaEurasiaOECDAsia-PacificOECDEuropeOECDAmericasance,investmentconsultantorotherOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesortoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofhicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orFigure2.7Coaldemandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPEC202120252030203520402045OECD14.4412.9110.789.107.696.51China40.2639.8036.9733.0029.1426.05India8.039.1710.6712.1513.0913.11Othernon-OECD11.9812.0912.3012.1612.1312.52Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinfoprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeerepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWoexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.theWorldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,inveWhilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecrityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyacotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentiopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,ororgyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreem20212025203020352040204501020304050607080OECDChinaIndiaOthernon-OECDmboe/dvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsultantorotherWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesoronwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofdesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andnycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthealobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orFigure2.8Naturalgasdemandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPEC2021202520302035OECD29.7029.9529.9329.86China5.496.587.928.92India1.131.441.952.57OPEC8.559.6810.8811.88OtherDCs10.0611.4313.3215.28Eurasia11.4610.8310.9010.98Sharenon-OECD(RHS)55.2557.1660.0362.44Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinfoprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeeorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.2040204529.5629.029.579.863.223.8412.5712.9117.1618.8510.9510.7964.4065.97ntheWorldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,invWhilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentiessionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territonofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegaelegalvalueinanyproceedings.20212025203020352040204501020304050607080901005052545658606264666870mboe/d%frombusiness,finance,investmentconsultantorotherOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesnwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasagnationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsetingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderany4020455052545658606264666870EurasiaOtherDCsOPECIndiaChinaOECDSharenon-OECD(RHS)%Figure2.9Numberofnuclearreactorsbyregion,2021Source:IAEAOperationalUnderconstructionMiddleEast&Africa20OPEC33OtherAsia53LatinAmerica52OtherEurasia213India228Russia374China5316OECDAsia-Pacific576OECDAmericas1142OECDEurope1159Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyofthecomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamageTheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCounutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormproceedings.MiddleEast&AfricaOPECOtherAsiaLatinAmericaOtherEurasiaIndiaRussiaChinaOECDAsia-PacificOECDAmericasOECDEurope02WorldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentdetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentasion,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingonthcessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesinthfOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheeeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinMiddleEast&AfricaOPECOtherAsiaLatinAmericaOtherEurasiaIndiaRussiaChinaOECDAsia-PacificOECDAmericasOECDEurope020406080100120140OperationalUnderconstructioness,finance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;norismeanttobeawarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceortofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.eographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofties,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyFigure2.10Nuclearenergydemandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPEC202120252030203520402045OECD10.3910.4210.7011.0111.3211.53China2.273.083.944.915.916.89India0.290.400.590.821.101.41OPEC0.060.100.160.240.370.57Othernon-OECD2.162.262.432.672.952.91Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccurausingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitstheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.20210510152025mboe/dOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsultableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnnsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisionyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorltsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthoritiess.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,law2021202520302035204020450510152025Othernon-OECDOPECIndiaChinaOECDmboe/dnce,investmentconsultantorotherPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesortoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofhicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orFigure2.11Hydrodemandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPEC202120252030203520402045OECD2.472.562.662.752.842.93China2.272.422.582.712.822.93India0.330.380.460.560.650.72OPEC0.160.170.190.210.230.25Othernon-OECD2.272.512.863.203.593.56Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccurausingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitstheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.2021024681012mboe/dOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsultaableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnonsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisionyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorldtsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthoritiess.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,law202120252030203520402045024681012Othernon-OECDOPECIndiaChinaOECDmboe/dnce,investmentconsultantorotherPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesoroanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultoficalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orFigure2.12Biomassdemandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPEC202120252030203520402045OECD6.867.378.048.699.3510.00China2.672.973.413.763.974.21India3.773.894.014.084.114.12OPEC2.452.532.622.712.792.87Othernon-OECD10.4911.1211.9312.7413.4913.68Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccurausingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitstheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.20210510152025303540mboe/dilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsultaableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnonsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisionyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorldtsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,s.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,law2021202520302035204020450510152025303540Othernon-OECDOPECIndiaChinaOECDmboe/dnce,investmentconsultantorotherPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesoroanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultoficalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andrea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orFigure2.13'Otherrenewables'demandbyregion,2021-2045mboe/dSource:OPEC202120252030203520402045OECD3.464.917.099.2211.3113.46China2.263.435.527.428.9811.03India0.290.571.011.632.423.50OPEC0.030.311.162.243.614.61Othernon-OECD1.392.003.044.346.215.74Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuraofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitstheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWoorexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.2021051015202530354045mboe/ddOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsuonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiorilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWohatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthoritisources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treat202120252030203520402045051015202530354045Othernon-OECDOPECIndiaChinaOECDmboe/dnance,investmentconsultantorotherOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesoretoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultphicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andrarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningderanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;Figure2.14AnnualchangeinenergyrelatedCO2emissions,1950-2045billiontonnesSource:OPECYearChange19500.6919510.4919520.0919530.1519540.0819550.6319560.4819570.3219580.2119590.431960-0.0719610.0419620.2719630.4819640.4219650.5619660.4819670.3719680.6219690.7719701.1819710.7719720.6419730.8119740.0119750.1019760.8919770.5519780.6219790.561980-0.121981-0.271982-0.0619830.0719840.5419850.4419860.2819870.7319880.66195019531956195919621965196819711974197719801983198619891992199519982001200420072010201320162019-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.5bt19890.331990-0.321991-0.091992-0.1719930.2019940.1019950.5019960.4919970.1519980.0819990.4420000.6020010.2620020.5620031.1220041.2220050.9120060.9720070.9720080.312009-0.3320101.8120110.7720120.3620130.3520140.392015-0.212016-0.0820170.6220180.5220190.532020-1.9620211.2220220.4320230.3820240.2320250.1920260.1020270.0620280.0720290.0520300.0320310.002032-0.022033-0.032034-0.062035-0.072036-0.082037-0.082038-0.092039-0.092040-0.102041-0.112042-0.112043-0.132044-0.132045-0.14Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaotherprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityordecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.19951998200120042007201020132016201920222025202820312034203720402043ldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoaarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,ortroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsalvalueinanyproceedings.finance,investmentconsultantorok,theOPECSecretariatmakeswithorattributabletoanyactionaphicalentitiesintheWorldOilntry,territoryorarea,orofitsnganylegalobligationsunderFigure2.15Energy-relatedannualCO2emissionsbyregion,2021-2045billiontonnesSource:OPECOECDChinaIndiaEurasiaOthernon-OECD202111.2210.112.502.777.08202511.1610.312.932.667.86203010.499.973.472.658.6620359.749.324.012.639.4820409.008.644.462.589.9220458.298.044.772.4910.38Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformanorismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuraccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orfinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECandexploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlooksopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.202120250510152025303540billiontonnesdOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofuarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orcgintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,laworothert202120252030203520402045OECDChinaIndiaEurasiaOthernon-OECDontonnesfinance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;ariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheaphicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseorofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,ent,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalFigure2.16PercapitaCO2emissionsbyregion,2021and2045tonnesSource:OPECOECDEurasiaChinaIndiaOthernon-OECD20218.498.037.001.792.1020455.977.265.622.942.21Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformainvestmentconsultantorotherprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.WhilstWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensivordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformTheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganyOECDEu0123456789tonnesOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,markofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossgorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.yreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusing,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.OECDEurasiaChinaIndiaOthernon-OECD20212045esFigure2.17CumulativeCO2emissionssince1900,1990-2045billiontonnesSource:OPECAnnexINon-AnnexI1990635141199164914819926621551993676162199468917019957021781996716187199772919619987432051999756214200077022320017842332002798243200381225420048272662005841279200685629320078703082008884323200989833920109113572011925375201293839420139524132014965433201597845320169914732017100449320181017514201910305362020104155720211053578202210656002023107862220241090645202511026682026111369120271125715202811377382029114876219901993199619992002200520082011201420172020202302004006008001,0001,2001,400AnnexINon-AnnexIbilliontonnes203011597862031117081020321181835203311928592034120288420351213909203612239332037123395820381243983203912531008204012621033204112721058204212811083204312901108204412991133204513081159Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsandtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.Nothinlaworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.20052008201120142017202020232026202920322035203820412044Non-AnnexIWorldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentcreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionoressarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesinthepinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyaedings.s,finance,investmentconsultantorothertheOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesbutabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,erritoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,Figure2.18Evolutionandprojectionsofenergyintensityinmajorworldregions,1990–2045boe/$1000(PPP2017)Source:OPECOECDIndiaChinaOPECEurasiaOtherDCsWorld19901.201.313.690.962.400.981.3719911.201.373.281.002.530.981.3719921.191.352.971.052.630.971.3419931.191.322.761.092.680.971.3319941.171.292.561.152.680.951.3019951.171.262.471.152.690.951.3019961.161.222.311.122.690.951.2819971.131.222.111.112.550.951.2419981.111.171.971.072.560.981.2219991.091.151.861.102.480.991.2020001.071.141.861.082.320.971.1820011.051.111.831.112.210.971.1720021.051.101.821.142.110.961.1620031.041.051.801.112.050.961.1520041.031.041.811.051.920.961.1420051.000.991.761.051.820.941.1220060.980.961.731.011.720.921.0920070.950.931.650.991.600.901.0620080.940.931.541.021.550.891.0420090.930.921.501.021.520.881.0420100.930.881.511.041.570.871.0420110.890.861.481.021.560.851.0220120.870.861.421.011.510.830.9920130.750.871.411.091.280.740.9020140.730.871.341.121.250.740.8820150.710.821.261.131.210.730.8620160.700.771.171.131.230.720.8420170.690.761.141.151.220.720.8220180.680.741.111.141.240.700.8120190.660.741.081.181.220.730.8120200.640.741.071.181.200.730.8020210.640.721.021.171.210.710.7820220.630.700.991.161.200.710.7720230.620.690.961.171.180.710.7620240.610.670.931.171.160.700.7520250.600.660.891.171.150.690.7320260.590.640.861.171.130.680.7220270.580.620.821.161.110.670.7020280.570.610.791.161.090.660.6920290.560.590.761.161.070.650.6720300.550.570.731.161.050.640.6620310.540.560.711.151.040.630.6420320.530.540.681.141.020.630.6320330.520.520.661.131.000.620.6220340.510.510.641.120.990.610.6020350.500.490.621.110.970.600.5920360.490.480.601.100.960.590.5820370.480.460.581.090.940.580.5720380.470.450.561.070.930.580.5620390.460.430.541.060.920.570.5420400.450.420.531.050.900.560.5320410.450.410.511.030.890.550.5220420.440.390.501.010.880.540.5120430.430.380.490.990.870.530.5020440.420.370.480.970.860.510.4920450.410.360.470.950.850.500.48Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaotherprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebwarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityfodecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.1990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035203620372038203920402041204220432044204501234OECDIndiaChinaOPECEurasiaOtherDCsWorldboe/$1000(PPP2017)heWorldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmed.WhilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecmesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributablenecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesinsionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryoraofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligegalvalueinanyproceedings.siness,finance,investmentconsultantorlOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnotionwithorattributabletoanyactionorfgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilnycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsmodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyFigure2.19Averageannualrateofimprovementinglobalandregionalenergyintensity,2021-2045%Source:OPECOECDChinaIndiaOPECOtherDCsEurasiaWorldImprovement-1.77-2.90-3.21-0.88-1.45-1.46-2.03Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuraresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsandtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.Nothinorothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.0boe/$1000(PPP2011)orldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentcoeasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmaesponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecssarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsatherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyags.10boe/$1000(PPP2011)OECDChinaIndiaOPECOtherDCsEurasiaWorld-3.5-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.0%,finance,investmentconsultantorotherheOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasagraphicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,ritoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,lawFigure2.20EnergyconsumptionpercapitaversusGDPatPPPpercapita,2021-2045$1,000PPP,boeSource:OPECEnergyconsumptionOECDIndiaChinaOPECEurasiaOtherDCsWorld202129.234.8817.5513.7525.106.2513.25202229.595.0617.8214.0124.036.3313.35202329.715.1918.1014.2224.146.4013.45202429.675.3318.3014.3324.266.4613.50202529.595.4818.5114.4724.346.5213.54202629.455.6318.6214.5624.426.5713.55202729.295.7718.7314.6724.486.6213.56202829.155.9318.8514.8024.576.6713.57202929.026.0918.9714.9424.676.7213.60203028.896.2519.0915.1124.776.7713.62203128.726.4119.1315.2124.906.8113.62203228.566.5819.1815.3025.026.8413.62203328.426.7419.2215.3925.156.8813.62203428.266.9119.2615.4925.286.9213.63203528.137.0819.3015.5925.426.9513.64203627.967.2319.3015.6425.546.9913.63203727.837.3919.3115.6925.667.0313.63203827.697.5419.3315.7325.777.0713.63203927.567.7019.3715.7725.897.1213.63204027.447.8419.4115.8226.017.1613.64204127.307.9819.4615.7826.127.1313.61204227.198.1119.5315.7326.247.1013.58204327.078.2419.6015.6826.367.0713.56204426.968.3719.6915.6326.497.0413.54204526.878.5019.7915.5826.637.0213.52Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformaotherprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebwarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityfodecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.TheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyproceedings.GDPpercapitaOECDIndiaChinaOPECEurasiaOtherDCsWorld45.886.7817.1511.7220.798.7416.8947.097.1917.9712.0520.028.9017.3147.947.5518.8212.1620.409.0617.7048.677.9419.7412.2520.849.2418.0849.398.3620.7312.3421.259.4318.4950.098.8021.7512.4621.659.6418.9050.769.2722.7912.5922.079.8519.3251.459.7823.8612.7422.5210.0619.7652.1510.3324.9212.9123.0010.2820.2052.8610.9125.9913.0723.4910.5020.6653.5711.5427.0513.2524.0010.7221.1254.3012.1928.1213.4324.5310.9421.5855.0312.8829.1913.6225.0611.1722.0555.7713.6030.2613.8225.5911.3922.5356.5214.3631.3414.0226.1311.6123.0157.2915.1532.4214.2226.6711.8423.5058.0715.9733.5114.4327.2012.0724.0058.8616.8334.6114.6527.7312.3024.5059.6717.7335.7114.8728.2612.5325.0160.4918.6636.8215.1028.7812.7625.5361.3319.6337.9315.3429.3012.9926.0562.1820.6339.0415.5929.8113.2326.5863.0421.6840.1415.8530.3313.4727.1263.9122.7641.2516.1230.8313.7127.6664.8023.8842.3516.4131.3513.9628.21ilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,finance,investmentconsultaeasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmailityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactioreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.ThedesignationofgeographicalentitiesintheWorldopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofiteumorotherenergyresources.NothingintheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsundnanyproceedings.05101010203040506070EnergyconsumGDPpercapita($1,000PPP)ness,finance,investmentconsultantorOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnoonwithorattributabletoanyactionorgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilnycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsmodifyinganylegalobligationsunderany05101520253035010203040506070OECDIndiaChinaOPECEurasiaOtherDCsWorldEnergyconsumptionpercapita(boe)DPpercapita$1,000PPP)20212045Box2.1Figure1AfricapowergenerationbyfuelandfuelsharesTWh,%Source:GECFSecretariatbasedondatafromtheGECFGGMNote:Othersincludebioenergy,nuclearandhydrogenPowergeneration2020203020402050Naturalgas329.64578.25855.781197.45Oil76.8156.2041.7140.99Coal240.30210.73182.84117.04Hydro134.78158.53195.66247.18Others16.8715.3439.2940.32Renewables49.75428.44893.591484.98Share20202050Naturalgas38.8738.28Oil9.061.31Coal28.333.74Hydro15.897.90Others1.991.29Renewables5.8747.47Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformafinance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykincontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceerrororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresuTheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,retheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,lawoproceedings.202020300500100015002000250030003500NaturalgasTWhOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,toabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationtoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,ordecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.ilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.Thedesignationofrials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesxploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.Nothinginyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinany2020203020402050NaturalgasCoalHydroOilRenewablesOthersWh20202050020406080100%shareBox2.1Figure2Regionalshareinglobalnaturalgasproduction%Source:GECFSecretariatbasedondatafromtheGECFGGM2020Share2050ShareAfrica0.060.09AsiaPacific0.160.15Eurasia0.220.24Europe0.050.02LatinAmerica0.040.04MiddleEast0.170.21NorthAmerica0.300.26Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformafinance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykincontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceoromission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresultofuTheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,retheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,lawoproceedings.6%2020AfricaAsiaPacificEurasLatinAmericaMiddleEastNortheWorldOilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,utdatatoabenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,errornordecisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.necessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.Thedesignationofermaterials,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesngtheexploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.Nothinginnderanyagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinany6%AfricaAsiaPacificEurasiaEuropeLatinAmericaMiddleEastNorthAmerica9%2050Box2.1Figure3AfricaLNGliquefactioncapacitymtpaSource:GECFSecretariatbasedondatafromtheGECFGGMNote:FEEDincludes,pre-FEEDandFEEDcompletedprojectstatusTheFigurereflectsalltheprobable(beyond2050)LNGliquefactioncapacityprojectsinAfricaAlgeriaNigeriaEgyptAngolaEquatorialCameroonMozambiquExisting25.322.2912.25.23.72.4Underconstruction16.28FIDReached7.6FEED1.215.2Proposed38.64Potential20Stalled10Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.©2022OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesDisclaimer:Thedata,analysisandanyotherinformation(the“information”)containedintheWorldOilOutlookisforinformafinance,investmentconsultantorotherprofessional;norismeanttobeabenchmarkorinputdatatoabenchmarkofanykincontainedintheWorldOilOutlook,theOPECSecretariatmakesnowarrantiesorrepresentationsastoitsaccuracy,relevanceerrororomission,orforanylossordamagearisinginconnectionwithorattributabletoanyactionordecisiontakenasaresuTheviewsexpressedintheWorldOilOutlookarethoseoftheOPECSecretariatanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofitsgeographicalentitiesintheWorldOilOutlook,andtheuseandpresentationofdataandothermaterials,donotimplytheexpconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningtheexploration,exploitation,retheWorldOilOutlookshallbeconstruedasinterpretingormodifyinganylegalobligationsunderanyagreement,treaty,lawoproceedings.Senegal&TanzaniaCongoDjibouti2.571.091.489.871098.8722.363125.27189.27101.2209.27ilOutlookisforinformationalpurposesonlyandisneitherintendedasasubstituteforadvicefrombusiness,abenchmarkofanykind.Whilstreasonableeffortshavebeenmadetoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationoitsaccuracy,relevanceorcomprehensiveness,andassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilityforanyinaccuracy,decisiontakenasaresultofusingorrelyingontheinformationintheWorldOilOutlook.yreflecttheviewsofitsgoverningbodiesand/orindividualOPECMemberCountries.Thedesignationofals,donotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofOPECand/oritsMemberCountriesploration,exploitation,refining,marketingandutilizationofitspetroleumorotherenergyresources.Nothinginagreement,treaty,laworothertexts;orexpressinganylegalopinionsorhavingprobativelegalvalueinanyExistingUnderconstructionFIDReachedFEEDProposedPotential050100150200250mtpaFEEDProposedPotentialStalledDjiboutiCongoTanzaniaSenegal&MauritaniaMozambiqueCameroonEquatorialGuineaAngolaEgyptNigeriaAlgeriaColumnN