ICSXX.XXXZXX团体标准T/CSESXXXX—2020代替T/CSESXXXX—201X二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存名词术语TermsofCarbondioxidecapture,utilizationandstorage(CCUS)(征求意见稿)XXXX-XX-XX发布XXXX-XX-XX实施中国环境科学学会发布T/CSESXXX—202X目次前言..........................................................................................................................................................III1范围................................................................................................................................................................12引用文件........................................................................................................................................................13术语和定义...................................................................................................................................................13.1与CCS有关的术语和定义..............................................................................................................13.2与二氧化碳有关的一般术语和定义..............................................................................................33.3与二氧化碳捕集有关的一般术语和定义......................................................................................53.4与二氧化碳利用与封存有关的一般术语和定义..........................................................................73.5与CCS监测和测量性能有关的一般术语和定义.......................................................................103.6与风险有关的一般术语和定义....................................................................................................11T/CSESXXX—202X前言为加强二氧化碳捕集、利用和封存（CCUS）领域的行业术语使用的规范性，制定本标准。本标准规定了一般性原则、内容和要求，可作为从事二氧化碳捕集、利用和封存研究、教学和生产活动的参考资料。本标准为首次发布，将根据技术发展情况适时修订。本标准由生态环境部环境规划院组织制定。本标准主要起草单位：生态环境部环境规划院、中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所、中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心，中国21世纪议程管理中心。本标准由生态环境部环境规划院解释。T/CSESXXX—202X1二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存名词术语1范围本标准规定了二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存领域的常用术语、定义或说明。本标准适用于煤化工、火电厂、钢铁厂等高排放行业的二氧化碳捕集，二氧化碳化工、地质利用及地质封存等相关领域的科研、管理、教学和生产活动。2引用文件本标准引用了下列文件：《二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存环境风险评估技术指南（试行）》ISO14040:2006环境管理—生命周期评估—原则和框架IPCCSpecialReportonCarbonDioxideCaptureandStorage,2005QX/T125-2011温室气体本底观测术语GB/T23694-2013风险管理术语ISO27914:2017Carbondioxidecapture,transportationandgeologicalstorage-Geologicalstorage凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本规则；凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本规则。3术语和定义GB/TDDDD—2016界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。为了便于使用，以下重复列出了GB/TDDDD—2016中的某些术语和定义。3.1与CCS有关的术语和定义3.1.1二氧化碳捕集与封存carbondioxidecaptureandstorage(CCS)将二氧化碳从工业和能源相关的排放源中分离出来，输送封存在地质构造中，长期与大气隔绝的过程。注1：CCS通常被称为碳捕集和封存。该术语并不准确，因为目标是捕集二氧化碳，而不是碳。植树造林是碳捕集的另一种方式，但是它不能准确描述从工业排放源中去除二氧化碳的物理过程。注2：术语“隔离”也可以用于“封存”。但是“封存”一词更具有一般性，也可以指生物过程，即生物对碳的吸收。注3：长期是指将二氧化碳地质封存视为有效且对环境安全的减缓气候变化方案所需的最短时间。T/CSESXXX—202X2注4：术语二氧化碳捕集、利用（或使用）和封存（CCUS）包括与大气隔离可能带来有益结果的概念。CCUS包含在CCS定义中，在一定程度上，二氧化碳的长期隔离是通过地质地层中的封存来实现的。CCU是碳捕集和利用（或使用），无需在地质构造中封存。3.1.2二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存carbondioxidecaptureutilizationandstorage(CCUS)来源于二氧化碳捕集与封存，在二氧化碳捕集与封存基础上增加了二氧化碳利用。二氧化碳利用包括化工利用、生物利用和地质利用三大类。[来源：二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存环境风险评估技术指南（试行）,术语和定义1.3.2]说明：国际的概念中CCS包含CCUS的概念，中国CCUS包含CCS。CCSCCUSCCUSCCS国际中国图1国际、国内CCUS和CCS概念对比3.1.3CCS项目生命周期CCSprojectlifecycleCCS项目从概念设计到完成后的整个阶段。注：CCS项目生命周期包括概念、设计、获得许可、建设、运行、监测、测量和验证、退役、闭场和闭场后。图2CCS项目生命周期3.1.4T/CSESXXX—202X3生命周期评价lifecycleassessment(LCA)汇编和评估CCS项目或组件在其整个生命周期中的投入、产出和潜在的环境和健康影响。注：评估的范围包括评估CCS项目或组件所需的所有设备和过程。主要的投入和产出流可能包括原料、过程气体、电力、化石燃料、水、CO2、空气和水中的排放、固体和液体废物、副产品等。[来源：ISO14040:2006，并做修改]3.1.5CCS能源消耗CCSenergyconsumptionCCS项目定义范围内使用的总能源。注：可以用千兆焦耳表示（Gj）。3.1.6闭场阶段closureperiod从停止CO2注入到证明符合场地关闭标准之间的一段时间。3.1.7闭场后阶段post-closureperiod从证明符合场地关闭标准开始的时期。注：在某些国家，可能需要第三方批准合格证明。3.1.8地质封存复杂体geologicalstoragecomplex地下地质系统，垂向延伸至封存单元和一次、二次封闭、横向延伸至CO2封存项目的定义界限。注：界限可以由天然地质边界、法规或法律权利来定义。3.2与二氧化碳有关的一般术语和定义3.2.1二氧化碳carbondioxide（CO2）分子式为CO2，化学性质非常稳定，在大气中的滞留时间（寿命）可达几十年或上百年，是影响地球辐射平衡的主要温室气体，也是测量其他温室气体的参考气体。人为来源主要是化石燃料和生物质的燃烧、土地利用变化以及工业过程排放，主要汇是陆地和海洋吸收。[来源：QX/T125-2011，定义4.2]3.2.2超临界二氧化碳supercriticalCO2压力和温度高于临界压力和临界温度的CO2。3.2.3密相二氧化碳densephaseCO2处于液态或超临界状态的CO2。注1：密相CO2的压缩和输送通常是用泵实现的。低密度CO2的压缩和输送通常用涡轮压缩机实现。注2：不是所有的超临界CO2都是密相，也不是所有的密相二氧化碳都是超临界的。T/CSESXXX—202X43.2.4临界点criticalpoint使纯物质（如CO2）以气态和液态的平衡状态存在的最高温度和压力。注1：对于给定组分的多组分流体混合物，临界点是气泡和露点曲线的交点。3.2.5临界压力criticalpressure临界温度下的蒸气压。注：根据SpanandWagner（1996），纯CO2的临界压力用绝对压力表示为73773MPa（表压728MPa）3.2.6临界温度criticaltemperature高于仅通过增加压力不能形成液体的温度。注：根据SpanandWagner（1996），纯CO2的临界温度是3041282k。3.2.7二氧化碳当量CO2equivalent用于比较温室气体相对于CO2辐射力的单位。注：CO2当量由给定温室气体的质量乘以对应全球变暖潜力计算得来。[来源：ISO14064-2:2006,2.21]3.2.8全球变暖潜势globalwarmingpotential(GWP)排放到大气中的1千克温室气体在一段时间（如100年）内的辐射效力与1千克二氧化碳的辐射效力的比值。3.2.9二氧化碳减排CO2emissionreduction计算出基准情景与CCS项目产出之间的CO2排放净减少量。注：大多数情况下，CO2减排量可称为“CO2避免”CO2避免还可以指从大气中清除CO2。[来源：修正自ISO14064-2:2006,2.7-将“CO2”替换术语和定义中的“温室气体”和“GHG”，“CCS项目产出”置换“项目”。]3.2.10消除abatement减少CO2或其他污染物排放的数量、程度或强度。[来源：IPCCSpecialReportonCarbonDioxideCaptureandStorage,2005]3.2.11二氧化碳流CO2stream主要由二氧化碳组成的流。T/CSESXXX—202X5注：CO2流通常包含杂质，并且可能包含改善CCS性能和/或实现CO2检测的物质。3.2.12二氧化碳流相态CO2streamphasestateCO2流的热力学状态，取决于流的组成（化学特性和组分比例）以及流的物理状态（温度、压力和体积）。3.2.13杂质impurities非CO2物质是CO2流的一部分，可能来自原材料或捕集过程、或者因混合运输添加、或者因地下封存和/或CO2泄漏释放形成。注1：作为杂质的子集，污染物是非CO2物质，通常不需要在CO2流中存在。注2：作为杂质的子集，添加剂是为了控制CO2流的物理或化学行为（例如水合物和腐蚀抑制剂），用于或来自与设备的交互（例如润滑剂）、并跟踪注入后其在地下的分布（地球化学示踪剂）。3.2.14压力限pressurelimit预定义的压力极值，以确保CCS项目组件的安全有效运行。3.2.15二氧化碳泄漏CO2leakageCO2从预定义的封闭内意外释放。注：封闭既可以包括地面封闭（例如压缩机、管道、卡车、轮船、火车），也可以包括地下封闭（例如封存复杂体）。3.3与二氧化碳捕集有关的一般术语和定义3.3.1二氧化碳捕集CO2capture采用各种物理、化学方法或者专有设备对烟气或混合气体中的CO2进行分离和收集的技术。3.3.2燃烧前捕集pre-combustioncapture利用煤气化或天然气重整将化石燃料转化为主要成份为CO和H2的混合气，进一步通过水煤气交换反应将混合气中的CO气体转化为CO2和H2，再将CO2分离出来的过程。3.3.3富氧燃烧捕集oxy-fuelcombustioncapture用氧气代替空气作为一次燃料进行燃烧，产生以H2O和CO2为主的烟道气，并进行捕集。3.3.4燃烧后捕集post-combustioncapture燃烧后捕集是在燃烧后系统的烟气通道上安装CO2分离装置，对其中的CO2进行捕集的一种方T/CSESXXX—202X6法。3.3.5二氧化碳吸附剂CO2sorbent对CO2进行捕集时，需要对混合气体中的CO2进行分离，能够实现这一过程的物质或材料即为CO2吸附剂。3.3.6空分设备airseparationunit（ASU）指用于将空气中的氮气（N2）、氧气（O2）、CO2、惰性气体等各种成分分离的设备，一般用于富氧燃烧技术的化工厂或燃煤电厂等。3.3.7联合循环发电厂combinedcyclepowerplant指将燃气轮机和汽轮联合在一起的大型发电工厂。3.3.8硫碳联合存储hydrogensulfideandcarbondioxideco-storage(SCCS)指将大型排放源捕集来的酸气注入地下非生产或非经济地层，以达到CO2和SOx同时减排的目的。3.3.9热电联产cogeneration热电联产是指发电厂既生产电能，又利用汽轮发电机做过功的蒸汽对用户供热的生产方式，是指同时生产电、热能的工艺过程，较之分别生产电、热能方式节约燃料。3.3.10碳捕集预留carboncapturereadiness英国正负数在2009年发布的碳捕集预留指南中提出，在发电装机容量达到或超过300MW的发电厂以及在欧盟大型燃烧设备指令下包括的设备类型都应该做好碳捕集预留准备。3.3.11天然气联合循环naturegascombinedcycle（NGCC）一种改进天然气发电效率的先进发电技术，通过燃气轮机及发电机与余热锅炉、蒸汽轮机共同组成的循环系统，将燃气轮机排出的功后高温乏烟气通过余热锅炉回收转换为蒸汽，再将蒸汽注入蒸汽轮机发电。3.3.12烟气fluegas/exhaustgas烟气（烟道气）指燃料在锅炉、窑炉、壁炉等设备或装置中燃烧生成，并通过烟囱、烟筒或烟道而排出的气态燃烧物。成分非常复杂，在以空气作为氧化剂的燃烧过程中，烟气一般主要由N2、CO2、H2O、O2等组成，也含有较少的颗粒物、CO、NOx、SOx等污染物成分。T/CSESXXX—202X73.3.13烟气再循环技术fluegasrecirculation是抑制烟气中NOx排放技术的一种，是将一部分烟气返回到送气系统，降低燃烧过程中央的浓度，降低燃烧温度，从而抑制NOx的产生。3.3.14二氧化碳液体吸收剂liquidabsorbentCO2液体吸收剂是一种CO2捕集材料，一般为高沸点有机胺化合物的溶液，CO2与其接触后发生化学反应生成氨基甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐等产物实现CO2的脱出，所得到的氨基甲酸盐和碳酸氢盐通过加热的方法分解再次转化为胺，并释放出CO2，实现CO2捕集。3.4与二氧化碳利用与封存有关的一般术语和定义3.4.1二氧化碳地质利用geologicalutilization指将CO2注入地下，利用地下矿物或地质条件，生产或者强化有利用价值的产品，且相对于其他具有相同产品或功效的工艺可减少CO2排放的过程。3.4.2二氧化碳化工利用chemicalutilization指将CO2用于包括制造有机化学品、材料制造、无机化学品及能源利用等过程的过程。CCS中的CO2化工利用，不包括传统利用CO2生成产品，产品在使用过程中重新释放CO2的化学工业，例如尿素生产等。3.4.3二氧化碳驱替煤层气CO2-enhancecoalbedmethanerecovery（CO2-ECBM）指将从排放源捕集到的CO2注入深部不可开采煤层中进行封存，同时将煤层中的煤层气驱替出来加以利用的过程。3.4.4二氧化碳驱提高石油采收率CO2-enhancedoilrecovery（CO2-EOR）将超临界或液相CO2注入常规方法难以开采的油藏，利用其与原油的物理化学作用，导致原油的性质和油藏的性质发生变化，实现增产石油、提高石油采收率的过程。3.4.5二氧化碳铀矿浸出增采技术CO2-enhanceduraniumleaching（CO2-EUL）指将CO2与溶浸液注入砂岩型铀矿层，通过抽注平衡维持溶浸流体在铀矿床中运移和含铀矿的选择性溶解，实现额外的CO2在地层内以结构、溶解、矿化与吸附等多方式封存的一种CO2地质利用技术。3.4.6二氧化碳强化深部咸水开采CO2-enhancedwaterrecovery（CO2-EWR）将CO2注入矿化度大于10g/L的深部咸水层或卤水层，驱替地下深部的高附加值液体矿产资源T/CSESXXX—202X8（如锂盐、钾盐、溴素等）或深部水资源，同时实现CO2长期封存的过程。3.4.7二氧化碳提高页岩气开采率CO2-enhancedshalegasrecovery（CO2-ESGR）指利用超临界或液态CO2代替水来压裂页岩，并利用CO2吸附页岩能力比CH4强的特点，置换CH4，从而提高页岩气开采率并实现CO2地质封存的过程。3.4.8二氧化碳增强地热系统CO2-enhancedgeothermalsystems（CO2-EGS）指将CO2注入深部地热储存，并通过生产井回采，以CO2为工作介质的地热开采利用过程。3.4.9二氧化碳提高天然气开采率CO2-enhancednaturalgasrecovery（CO2-EGR）指将CO2注入到即将枯竭的天然气藏底部恢复地层压力，将因自然衰竭而无法开采的残存天然气驱替出来，从而提高采收率，同时将CO2封存于气藏地质结构中实现减排的过程。3.4.10生物质二氧化碳地质封存bioenergywithcarboncaptureandsequestration（CO2-BECCS）生物质能源技术和CCUS结合的新型CCUS技术,包括生物质燃料发电、热电联产、造纸、乙醇生产、生物质制气等，将生产排放的CO2利用CCUS技术消减掉。其最大特点是可以实现CO2负排放，因为生物生长不仅吸收CO2，CCUS技术又能把工业生产过程排放的CO2储存在地下。3.4.11二氧化碳矿化利用CO2mineralizationutilizationCO2-CMU也叫矿化联产，通过利用地下天然矿物将CO2矿化固定，同时获得高附加值的化工产品。3.4.12二氧化碳重整制备合成气CO2reformingofmethanetosyngasCO2与CH4在一定条件下发生反应转化为氢气和一氧化碳的合成气的过程。3.4.13碳源carbonsources向大气中释放二氧化碳的过程、活动或机制。3.4.14碳汇carbondioxidesink从大气中清除温室气体或温室气体前体物质的过程、活动或机制。[来源：《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）]3.4.15封存适宜性storagesuitability指适合开展CO2地质封存的良好地下封存空间和封闭条件、地质特征、地面工程条件、社会经济条件等。T/CSESXXX—202X93.4.16源汇匹配source-sitematching依据CO2排放源、运输场地和封存场地的条件对排放源与封存场地进行两两匹配，依据一定的准则，对距离、风险、整体经济性、能耗等进行优化，形成排放源与封存场地之间的最优对应关系。3.4.17地质封存场地表征geologicalstoragesitecharacterization针对已选出待评价的场地，获取其构造地质、水文地质、地球化学及岩石力学等方面的数据集，分析与封存性能关系密切的特征，并通过图形或表格将信息及特征呈现出来的技术工作，其目的是为封存现场的性能评价提供模型及数据。3.4.18封存场地storagesite具备封存CO2所需的物理、化学及地质条件的区域。3.4.19封存容量storagecapacity地层空间内所能够容纳CO2的量，表示地下储层封存CO2的能力。3.4.20封存性能storability指储层封存CO2的性能，包含封存容量、封存的安全性、资源冲突性等一系列指标体系。3.4.21互溶驱替/混相驱替miscibledisplacement指在多孔介质中，注入液与被驱替液成分不完全相同但二者却能完全互溶，从而降低被驱替液的黏度与吸附性，发生驱替。在石油开采领域，互溶驱替是提高原油采收率的一个主要技术手段和研究领域。3.4.22基线监测baselinemonitoring指CO2地质封存关键成分指标的长期变化所进行的监测，包括认为活动影响。3.4.23矿物固碳carbonmineralizationCO2与地层环境中的气体物质发生地球化学反应，从而将CO2转化为次生矿物的过程。3.4.24矿物圈闭mineraltrapping能够阻止CO2运移，并具备了能够聚集CO2的储层和盖层条件，具备了能够和CO2发生矿化反应从而达到固碳作用的场所。3.4.25T/CSESXXX—202X10矿物碳酸盐化mineralcarbonationCO2与含镁钙铁等可溶解于水的矿物反应形成的碳酸盐矿物。3.4.26碳泄漏carbonleakage指只有部分成员参与的国际联盟下，承担减排义务的国家所采取减排行动导致没有减排义务的国家排放反而增加的现象。3.5与CCS监测和测量性能有关的一般术语和定义3.5.1监测monitoring连续或反复检查、监督、严格观察、测量或确定系统状态，以识别与预期性能水平的差异。注：在地质封存方面，监测不仅限于技术员的技术基础设施，还包括地表和（或）地下封存场址的更广泛的环境。3.5.2基线baseline对项目状态或性能进行监控或测量的比较基准。3.5.3检测限detectionlimit可以通过特定测量方法在特定情况下可靠监测的物质属性的最小值。3.5.4阈threshold基线值，可以是时间、空间或其他变量的函数，超过该极限值会触发动作、框架或参考。3.5.5验证verification通过监测确认并提供符合指定条件的客观证据。注：在清洁发展机制背景下，由指定的业务实体对监测的人为减排进行独立审查。3.5.6批准validation确认所考虑的系统在各个方面均符合该系统的规格。3.5.7不确定性（测量）uncertainty(ofmeasurement)参数，与测量结果相关联，该测量结果表征了可合理归因于所属属性值的离散度。3.5.8不确定性分析uncertaintyanalysisT/CSESXXX—202X11对评估数据和（或）评估过程所做假设的不确定性进行定性和（或）定量说明的过程。3.5.9审查区域areaofreview(AOR)为评估CCS项目或其一部分对生命和人类健康、环境、其他资源的竞争性开发或基础设施的影响程度而指定的地理区域。注：审查区的划定界定了陆面或海床和水面的外边界，将根据监管机构的要求在这些范围内进行评估。3.5.10采样策略samplingstrategy旨在根据目标和所考虑的地点确定每个采样区域的采样密度、分布位置、频率的技术原理或步骤。3.6与风险有关的一般术语和定义说明：本条款中与风险有关的一些定义已根据ISOGuide73和CSAZ741改编用于CCS。3.6.1风险risk不确定性对项目目标的影响（例如关注要素的性能指标）。注1：影响是与预期的偏差-正面和（或）负面。注2：目标可以有不同的方面(如财务、健康和安全，以及环境目标)，可以应用于不同的层次(如战略、组织范围、项目、产品和过程)。注3：风险表示为事件后果（负面影响）的严重性及其发生的可能性3.6.2全局风险overarchingrisk影响整个CCS项目或总体上影响CCS项目的风险。3.6.3交叉风险cross-cuttingrisk影响CCS项目一个或多个部分并对其他部分产生影响或效果的风险。3.6.4风险处理risktreatment通过实施风险控制降低特定风险的过程。3.6.5风险控制riskcontrol以减少特定风险或避免风险升级为目的的措施。3.6.6风险情景riskscenario可能导致事件发生并且事件的后果可能会对关注的要素产生负面影响的威胁的情况组合或链条。T/CSESXXX—202X123.6.7可接受风险acceptablerisk考虑到法律义务和管理政策，项目运营商和其他人承担的风险。注：可承受的风险是指暂时或有条件接受的重大风险。风险被容忍，以便于逐渐采取措施，直到风险降低为止。[来源：ISO27914:2017,3.2]3.6.8不可接受风险unacceptablerisk风险的性质和程度被项目运营者和其他方或项目进行所需的审批部门认为是不可接受的。3.6.9预防措施preventivemeasures旨在减少特定事件发生可能性的措施。注：因此，这些措施是在危险事件发生之前或过程导致不期望的影响之前实施的。3.6.10缓解mitigation限制或减少特定事件或过程的实际或潜在不良影响。3.6.11修复remediation纠正受影响关注事项的故障或影响的过程。3.6.12应急预案emergencyresponseplan清楚详细地说明紧急情况发生前、发生时、发生后要做什么、如何做、何时做以及由谁做的系统程序。注1：在某些辖区，可以称为“应急和补救响应计划（emergencyandremedialresponseplan）”、“应急计划（contingencyplan）”等。注2：应急预案通常还提到紧急情况发生之前完成的准备工作。3.6.13环境影响environmentalimpact全部或部分由CCS项目活动导致的对环境有害或有益的变化。T/CSESXXX—202X13中文索引B闭场后阶段··········································································································3.1.7闭场阶段·············································································································3.1.6不可接受风险·······································································································3.6.8不确定性（测量）·································································································3.5.7不确定性分析·······································································································3.5.8CCCS能源消耗·······································································································3.1.5CCS项目生命周期································································································3.1.3采样策略············································································································3.5.10超临界二氧化碳····································································································3.2.2D地质封存场地表征·······························································································3.4.17地质封存复杂体····································································································3.1.8E二氧化碳·············································································································3.2.1二氧化碳捕集·······································································································3.3.1二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存·····················································································3.1.2二氧化碳捕集与封存······························································································3.1.1二氧化碳当量·······································································································3.2.7二氧化碳地质利用·································································································3.4.1二氧化碳化工利用·································································································3.4.2二氧化碳减排·······································································································3.2.9二氧化碳矿化利用·······························································································3.4.11二氧化碳流·········································································································3.2.11二氧化碳流相态··································································································3.2.12二氧化碳强化深部咸水开采·····················································································3.4.6二氧化碳驱提高石油采收率·····················································································3.4.4二氧化碳驱替煤层气······························································································3.4.3二氧化碳提高天然气开采率·····················································································3.4.9二氧化碳提高页岩气开采率·····················································································3.4.7二氧化碳吸附剂····································································································3.3.5二氧化碳泄漏·····································································································3.2.15二氧化碳液体吸收剂····························································································3.3.14二氧化碳铀矿浸出增采技术·····················································································3.4.5二氧化碳增强地热系统···························································································3.4.8二氧化碳重整制备合成气······················································································3.4.12F风险···················································································································3.6.1风险处理·············································································································3.6.4T/CSESXXX—202X14风险控制·············································································································3.6.5风险情景·············································································································3.6.6封存场地············································································································3.4.18封存容量············································································································3.4.19封存适宜性·········································································································3.4.15封存性能············································································································3.4.20富氧燃烧捕集·······································································································3.3.3H互溶驱替/混相驱替·······························································································3.4.21环境影响············································································································3.6.13缓解··················································································································3.6.10J基线···················································································································3.5.2基线监测············································································································3.4.22监测···················································································································3.5.1检测限················································································································3.5.3交叉风险·············································································································3.6.3K可接受风险··········································································································3.6.7空分设备·············································································································3.3.6矿物固碳············································································································3.4.23矿物圈闭············································································································3.4.24矿物碳酸盐化·····································································································3.4.25L联合循环发电厂····································································································3.3.7临界点················································································································3.2.4临界温度·············································································································3.2.6临界压力·············································································································3.2.5硫碳联合存储·······································································································3.3.8M密相二氧化碳·······································································································3.2.3P批准···················································································································3.5.6Q全局风险·············································································································3.6.2全球变暖潜势·······································································································3.2.8R燃烧后捕集··········································································································3.3.4燃烧前捕集··········································································································3.3.2热电联产·············································································································3.3.9S审查区域·············································································································3.5.9生命周期评价·······································································································3.1.4T/CSESXXX—202X15生物质二氧化碳地质封存······················································································3.4.10T碳捕集预留·········································································································3.3.10碳汇··················································································································3.4.14碳泄漏···············································································································3.4.26碳源··················································································································3.4.13天然气联合循环··································································································3.3.11X消除··················································································································3.2.10修复··················································································································3.6.11Y压力限···············································································································3.2.14烟气··················································································································3.3.12烟气再循环技术··································································································3.3.13验证···················································································································3.5.5应急预案············································································································3.6.12预防措施·············································································································3.6.9阈······················································································································3.5.4源汇匹配············································································································3.4.16Z杂质··················································································································3.2.13T/CSESXXX—202X16英文索引Aabatement··············································································································3.2.10acceptablerisk··········································································································3.6.7airseparationunit(ASU)·····························································································3.3.6areaofreview(AOR)··································································································3.5.9Bbaselinemonitoring···································································································3.4.22baseline··················································································································3.5.2bioenergywithcarboncaptureandsequestration(CO2-BECCS)·············································3.4.10Ccarboncapturereadiness·····························································································3.3.10carbondioxidecaptureandstorage(CCS)·········································································3.1.1carbondioxidecaptureutilizationandstorage(CCUS)··························································3.1.2carbondioxideCO2····································································································3.2.1carbondioxidesink···································································································3.4.14carbonleakage········································································································3.4.26carbonmineralization································································································3.4.23carbonsources·········································································································3.4.13CCSenergyconsumption·····························································································3.1.5CCSprojectlifecycle·································································································3.1.3chemicalutilization····································································································3.4.2closureperiod···········································································································3.1.6CO2capture·············································································································3.3.1CO2emissionreduction·······························································································3.2.9CO2equivalent·········································································································3.2.7CO2leakage···········································································································3.2.15CO2mineralizationutilization(CO2-CMU)·····································································3.4.11CO2reformingofmethanetosyngas··············································································3.4.12CO2sorbent·············································································································3.3.5CO2streamphasestate······························································································3.2.12CO2stream············································································································3.2.11CO2-enhancecoalbedmethanerecovery(CO2-ECBM)·························································3.4.3CO2-enhancedgeothermalsystems(CO2-EGS)··································································3.4.8CO2-enhancednaturalgasrecovery(CO2-EGR)·································································3.4.9CO2-enhancedoilrecovery(CO2-EOR)···········································································3.4.4CO2-enhancedshalegasrecovery(CO2-ESGR)·································································3.4.7CO2-enhanceduraniumleaching(CO2-EUL)·····································································3.4.5CO2-enhancedwaterrecovery(CO2-EWR)·······································································3.4.6cogeneration·············································································································3.3.9combinedcyclepowerplant··························································································3.3.7criticalpoint·············································································································3.2.4T/CSESXXX—202X17criticalpressure·········································································································3.2.5criticaltemperature·····································································································3.2.6cross-cuttingrisk·······································································································3.6.3DdensephaseCO2·······································································································3.2.3detectionlimit···········································································································3.5.3Eemergencyresponseplan····························································································3.6.12environmentalimpact································································································3.6.13Ffluegasrecirculation·································································································3.3.13fluegas/exhaustgas··································································································3.3.12Ggeologicalstoragecomplex···························································································3.1.8geologicalstoragesitecharacterization···········································································3.4.17geologicalutilization···································································································3.4.1globalwarmingpotential(GWP)····················································································3.2.8Hhydrogensulfideandcarbondioxideco-storage(SCCS)························································3.3.8Iimpurities··············································································································3.2.13Llifecycleassessment(LAC)··························································································3.1.4liquidabsorbent·······································································································3.3.14Mmineralcarbonation··································································································3.4.25mineraltrapping·······································································································3.4.24miscibledisplacement································································································3.4.21mitigation··············································································································3.6.10monitoring···············································································································3.5.1Nnaturegascombinedcycle(NGCC)···············································································3.3.11Ooverarchingrisk········································································································3.6.2oxy-fuelcombustioncapture·························································································3.3.3Ppost-closureperiod·····································································································3.1.7post-combustioncapture······························································································3.3.4pre-combustioncapture·······························································································3.3.2pressurelimit··········································································································3.2.14preventivemeasures···································································································3.6.9Rremediation············································································································3.6.11T/CSESXXX—202X18riskcontrol··············································································································3.6.5riskscenario·············································································································3.6.6risktreatment···········································································································3.6.4risk························································································································3.6.1Ssamplingstrategy·····································································································3.5.10source-sitematching··································································································3.4.16storability··············································································································3.4.20storagecapacity·······································································································3.4.19storagesite·············································································································3.4.18storagesuitability·····································································································3.4.15supercriticalCO2·······································································································3.2.2Tthreshold·················································································································3.5.4Uunacceptablerisk·······································································································3.6.8uncertainty(ofmeasurement)························································································3.5.7uncertaintyanalysis····································································································3.5.8Vvalidation················································································································3.5.6verification··············································································································3.5.5T/CSESXXX—202X19参考文献[1]《二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存环境风险评估技术指南(试行)》。[2]ISO14040:2006环境管理—生命周期评估—原则和框架。[3]IPCC.SpecialReportonCarbonDioxideCaptureandStorage[J].2005.[4]QX/T125-2011温室气体本底观测术语。[5]GB/T23694-2013风险管理术语。[6]ISO27914:2017Carbondioxidecapture,transportationandgeologicalstorage-Geologicalstorage.