a,1b,卢霞 1a,黄俊生 1a,何天健 1a,陈海波 2
(1. 北京交通大学,a. 综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室,b. 中国综合交
通研究中心,北京 100044;2. 利兹大学,交通研究所,利兹 LS2 9JT,英国)
摘要:氢能是未来能源系统清洁转型的重要二次能源。本文首先调研分析了美国、欧盟、日本既有
的氢能研发总体战略及其实施情况;结合氢能源的优势和未来全球碳减排的任务,分析了氢能关键
技术研发、产业化发展、交通运输行业推广应用情况;从技术角度比较了美国、欧盟、日本的氢能
技术推广策略,指出我国氢能研发技术的国际差距。结合实际统计数据,分析了我国铁路、公路、
水运和民航等运输方式的碳排放水平。在氢能既有特性参数基础上,测算了氢能在道路、铁路等不
同领域应用的碳减排效果。结果发现:氢能替代公路货运 10%,可减碳 7000 万t;1000 万t氢用于
替代道路货运可获得近 1亿t的碳减排量。本文研究提出了氢能研发与应用策略,建立可再生能源
与氢能综合互补调节机制,如近期利用西部地区可再生发电的弃电降低电解水制氢成本,利用灰氢
替代燃油,中远期推广扩大氢燃料电池市场等。本文还研究了交通运输业适合氢能发展的重点领域,
分析表明:2060 年氢能在道路交通中的应用如能达到 4000 万t,可望实现交通运输业减碳约 4亿
t。本文结合我国国情提出了碳中和目标下将氢能技术与产品推广到大功率、长距离以及冬季低温地
区客货运输领域,与既有电动汽车发展战略一道打造绿色交通体系的对策与建议。
关键词:综合交通;碳中和;氢能;交通能源战略;交通政策;发展路径
On Development Path of Hydrogen Energy Technology in
China's Transportation System Under Carbon Neutrality Goal
MAO Bao-hua* 1a, 1b, LU Xia1a, HUANG Jun-sheng1a, HO Tin-kin1a, CHEN Hai-bo2
(1a. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport,
Ministry of Transport, 1b. Integrated Transport Research Center of China; Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing
100044, China; 2 Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK)
Abstract: Hydrogen energy is an important secondary energy for the clean transformation of the future
energy system. In this paper, we first investigate the research, development, and implementation strategy of
hydrogen energy in the USA, EU, and Japan. With the advantages of hydrogen energy and the future task of
global carbon emissions reduction, we then analyze the key technologies research, industrial development,
and transportation industry application on hydrogen energy. The promotion strategies of hydrogen energy
technologies in the USA, EU, and Japan are compared from the technical point of view. And the gap in
hydrogen energy technologies between China and the countries was pointed out. Based on the actual
statistical data, the carbon emissions of railway, highway, water, and air transportation in China are analyzed.
With the characteristic parameters of hydrogen energy, the effect of hydrogen energy application on carbon
emission reduction is calculated in different fields, such as road and railway. The results show that the carbon
emissions are reduced by 70 million tons if the hydrogen energy can reach 10% in energy consumption of