World
510.1 million km2
World Land
144.6 million km2
Land
Tidal+Wave
1,733 Rooftop PV
47,338
Utility
PV+CSP+ST
205,758
(0.17%) Onshore wind
440,199
0.36%
Offshore wind
609,549
Geo-
thermal
272
Hydro
121.5 million km2
(145-country)
0
New land area (km2) required for footprint on the ground, which applies to utility PV+CSP+ST (solar thermal) and geothermal electricity
and heat, and for spacing, which applies to onshore wind, among the 145 countries examined. Ocean spacing areas for new offshore wind,
tidal, and wave power are also shown as is the new rooftop PV area, which doesn't require new land. No new land for hydropower is needed