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The Future of Growth

Report 2024

INSIGHT REPORT

JANUARY 2024

Contents

Cover: Anton Maksimov, Unsplash

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording,

or by any information storage and retrieval system.

Disclaimer

This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight

area or interaction. The ﬁndings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result

of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose

results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of

its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.

Preface

Executive summary

Introduction

1 The Future of Growth Framework

1.1 From the growth we have to the growth we need

1.2 Overview of framework construction

1.3 Trade-offs, synergies and policy choices

2 Qualifying growth

2.1 Global results

2.2 Results by pillar

2.3 Growth Pathway Archetypes

Conclusion

3 Country Dashboards

Appendix A: Methodology

A1 Framework design criteria

A2 Indicator selection

A3 Normalization

A4 Aggregation

A5 Clustering

Appendix B: Indicator details

B1 Framework overview

B2 Country groups

B3 Indicator selection

B4 Indicator description

B5 Normalization

Contributors

Endnotes

251

252

254

256

259

265

277

280

289

The Future of Growth Report 2024 2

Preface

Global growth has lost momentum. On average,

GDP growth has declined from more than 2% in

advanced economies and nearly 6% in emerging and

developing economies in the early 2000s to less than

1.5% and less than 2% in the post-COVID period.

This sustained slowdown in growth has been

compounded by a succession of crises. It is

now more than 15 years since the beginning

of the global ﬁnancial crisis, yet it continues to

cast a shadow, not least in the policy choices

of many advanced economies. The COVID-19

pandemic and the shock of lockdowns left behind

an aftermath of a surge in public debt levels

and reversal of global development progress.

Geopolitical tensions and conﬂicts have further

reshaped an international order that is increasingly

multipolar, with far-reaching implications

for technology, growth and development.

Overshadowing these developments is the growing

awareness that the world’s rising temperature

poses grave dangers to the long-term prospects

for humanity, with the world currently on track for a

temperature rise signiﬁcantly above the targets set

out in the Paris Agreement in 2015.

The key question for this pivotal moment is not

whether the world still needs economic growth,

but rather how that growth is achieved and

whether it is aligned with other important national

and global priorities. This ﬁrst edition of the World

Economic Forum’s Future of Growth Report aims

to provide an overview of global growth trends and

a comprehensive analysis of the quality of these

growth trajectories.

The Future of Growth Framework introduced in

this report underscores that a conventional GDP

growth picture is incomplete without a deeper

understanding of the underlying nature and quality

of growth. The framework adopts a multidimensional

approach, structured around four pillars, to

complement and qualify traditional measures of

growth: innovativeness, inclusiveness, sustainability

and resilience. For each economy covered in the

report, we provide a Future of Growth Dashboard

that can support policy-makers, academics, civil

society and business leaders in assessing the

balance between growth and other priorities.

The report also identiﬁes diverse archetypes of

growth pathways and the countries that ﬁt within

them, each reﬂecting unique characteristics and

challenges. These archetypes offer potential policy

inspiration for countries with similar constraints

and opportunities. Finally, the framework allows for

developing a global picture: while global averages

mask signiﬁcant disparities between countries,

reﬂecting diverse policy priorities and implementation

outcomes, our analysis reveals that the global

economy is only halfway towards combining

today’s growth with longer-term innovativeness,

inclusiveness, sustainability and resilience.

This work builds upon and owes a particular debt

to the Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index,

which has long espoused taking a comprehensive

approach to growth and productivity. Since 2020,

we have engaged in extensive consultations on

developing a new conceptual framework ﬁt for a new

global context. We would like to thank, in particular,

the members of the Global Future Council on the

Future of Growth for their feedback, the dialogues

held at the World Economic Forum’s inaugural

Growth Summit, and the views of the network of

Partner Institutes of the Forum that support data

gathering for this framework and other insights from

the Forum. Finally, we would like to express our

gratitude to the core team that developed this report

– Jesse Caemmerer, Aengus Collins, Roberto Crotti,

Philipp Grosskurth, Kateryna Karunska, Till Leopold,

and Sriharsha Masabathula – and to Ricky Li and

Attilio Di Battista for their support.

This report will serve as the basis for the work of

the World Economic Forum’s Future of Growth

Initiative, using this framework as a foundation, a

two-year effort to foster dialogue between policy-

makers, business leaders and academics on

charting new economic growth pathways. We invite

leaders to join this initiative, embracing the urgency

and ambition required to address the multifaceted

challenges outlined in this report.

The future of growth must shift to a better balance

between quantity and quality. A simple “return”

to GDP growth is not enough. Instead, each

country must undertake a unique and complex

journey towards achieving innovative, inclusive,

sustainable and resilient growth, while contributing

to global resilience. This report aims to serve as a

call to action for leaders to critically reassess and

recalibrate their growth models and policies for a

new economic era.

Saadia Zahidi

Managing Director,

World Economic Forum

The Future of Growth Report 2024 3

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TheFutureofGrowthReport2024INSIGHTREPORTJANUARY2024Cover:AntonMaksimov,UnsplashContentsPreface3Executivesummary4Introduction61TheFutureofGrowthFramework81.1Fromthegrowthwehavetothegrowthweneed81.2Overviewofframeworkconstruction91.3Trade-offs,synergiesandpolicychoices112Qualifyinggrowth132.1Globalresults132.2Resultsbypillar182.3GrowthPathwayArchetypes28Conclusion353CountryDashboards36AppendixA:Methodology251A1Frameworkdesigncriteria251A2Indicatorselection251A3Normalization251A4Aggregation252A5Clustering252AppendixB:Indicatordetails254B1Frameworkoverview254B2Countrygroups256B3Indicatorselection259B4Indicatordescription265B5Normalization277Contributors280Endnotes289DisclaimerThisdocumentispublishedbytheWorldEconomicForumasacontributiontoaproject,insightareaorinteraction.Thefindings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedhereinarearesultofacollaborativeprocessfacilitatedandendorsedbytheWorldEconomicForumbutwhoseresultsdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheWorldEconomicForum,northeentiretyofitsMembers,Partnersorotherstakeholders.©2024WorldEconomicForum.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem.TheFutureofGrowthReport20242PrefaceSaadiaZahidiManagingDirector,WorldEconomicForumGlobalgrowthhaslostmomentum.Onaverage,challenges.ThesearchetypesofferpotentialpolicyGDPgrowthhasdeclinedfrommorethan2%ininspirationforcountrieswithsimilarconstraintsadvancedeconomiesandnearly6%inemergingandandopportunities.Finally,theframeworkallowsfordevelopingeconomiesintheearly2000stolessthandevelopingaglobalpicture:whileglobalaverages1.5%andlessthan2%inthepost-COVIDperiod.masksignificantdisparitiesbetweencountries,reflectingdiversepolicyprioritiesandimplementationThissustainedslowdowningrowthhasbeenoutcomes,ouranalysisrevealsthattheglobalcompoundedbyasuccessionofcrises.Itiseconomyisonlyhalfwaytowardscombiningnowmorethan15yearssincethebeginningtoday’sgrowthwithlonger-terminnovativeness,oftheglobalfinancialcrisis,yetitcontinuestoinclusiveness,sustainabilityandresilience.castashadow,notleastinthepolicychoicesofmanyadvancedeconomies.TheCOVID-19ThisworkbuildsuponandowesaparticulardebtpandemicandtheshockoflockdownsleftbehindtotheForum’sGlobalCompetitivenessIndex,anaftermathofasurgeinpublicdebtlevelswhichhaslongespousedtakingacomprehensiveandreversalofglobaldevelopmentprogress.approachtogrowthandproductivity.Since2020,Geopoliticaltensionsandconflictshavefurtherwehaveengagedinextensiveconsultationsonreshapedaninternationalorderthatisincreasinglydevelopinganewconceptualframeworkfitforanewmultipolar,withfar-reachingimplicationsglobalcontext.Wewouldliketothank,inparticular,fortechnology,growthanddevelopment.themembersoftheGlobalFutureCouncilontheOvershadowingthesedevelopmentsisthegrowingFutureofGrowthfortheirfeedback,thedialoguesawarenessthattheworld’srisingtemperatureheldattheWorldEconomicForum’sinauguralposesgravedangerstothelong-termprospectsGrowthSummit,andtheviewsofthenetworkofforhumanity,withtheworldcurrentlyontrackforaPartnerInstitutesoftheForumthatsupportdatatemperaturerisesignificantlyabovethetargetssetgatheringforthisframeworkandotherinsightsfromoutintheParisAgreementin2015.theForum.Finally,wewouldliketoexpressourgratitudetothecoreteamthatdevelopedthisreportThekeyquestionforthispivotalmomentisnot–JesseCaemmerer,AengusCollins,RobertoCrotti,whethertheworldstillneedseconomicgrowth,PhilippGrosskurth,KaterynaKarunska,TillLeopold,butratherhowthatgrowthisachievedandandSriharshaMasabathula–andtoRickyLiandwhetheritisalignedwithotherimportantnationalAttilioDiBattistafortheirsupport.andglobalpriorities.ThisfirsteditionoftheWorldEconomicForum’sFutureofGrowthReportaimsThisreportwillserveasthebasisfortheworkoftoprovideanoverviewofglobalgrowthtrendsandtheWorldEconomicForum’sFutureofGrowthacomprehensiveanalysisofthequalityoftheseInitiative,usingthisframeworkasafoundation,agrowthtrajectories.two-yearefforttofosterdialoguebetweenpolicy-makers,businessleadersandacademicsonTheFutureofGrowthFrameworkintroducedinchartingneweconomicgrowthpathways.WeinvitethisreportunderscoresthataconventionalGDPleaderstojointhisinitiative,embracingtheurgencygrowthpictureisincompletewithoutadeeperandambitionrequiredtoaddressthemultifacetedunderstandingoftheunderlyingnatureandqualitychallengesoutlinedinthisreport.ofgrowth.Theframeworkadoptsamultidimensionalapproach,structuredaroundfourpillars,toThefutureofgrowthmustshifttoabetterbalancecomplementandqualifytraditionalmeasuresofbetweenquantityandquality.Asimple“return”growth:innovativeness,inclusiveness,sustainabilitytoGDPgrowthisnotenough.Instead,eachandresilience.Foreacheconomycoveredinthecountrymustundertakeauniqueandcomplexreport,weprovideaFutureofGrowthDashboardjourneytowardsachievinginnovative,inclusive,thatcansupportpolicy-makers,academics,civilsustainableandresilientgrowth,whilecontributingsocietyandbusinessleadersinassessingthetoglobalresilience.Thisreportaimstoserveasabalancebetweengrowthandotherpriorities.calltoactionforleaderstocriticallyreassessandThereportalsoidentifiesdiversearchetypesofrecalibratetheirgrowthmodelsandpoliciesforagrowthpathwaysandthecountriesthatfitwithinneweconomicera.them,eachreflectinguniquecharacteristicsandTheFutureofGrowthReport20243ExecutivesummaryGlobalgrowthhasbeenslowerinthepastdecade–Innovativenessisthedimensionthatattainsthecomparedtopreviousones,andthepost-pandemiclowestglobalscore(withaglobalaverageofrecoveryislosingmomentum.Between2018and45.2outof100).Thesustainabilitydimension’s2023–onaverage–high-incomeeconomies’GDPglobalaverageis46.8outof100,whilethe(inpurchasing-power-parityterms)grewby1.4%inclusivenessandresiliencedimensions’annuallyacrosseconomiesfeaturedinthereport,globalaveragescoresare55.9outof100andby2.2%acrossupper-middleincomeeconomies,52.8outof100,respectively.Atanindividualby3.1%acrosslower-middleincomeeconomies,level,noeconomyhasattainedapillarscoreandby3.1%acrosslow-incomeeconomies.Totalhigherthan80onanyoftheframework’sglobalGDPtodayishigherthanitspre-pandemicfourdimensions,where100isthetheoreticallevel,butgrowthratesin2023remainbelow4%maximumoutcomepossible.acrossallincomegroups.–InnovativenessThisconventionalGDPgrowthpictureisincompleteDigitalizationratesacrossadvancedandwithoutadeeperunderstandingoftheunderlyingdevelopingeconomiesaredivergingratherthannatureandqualityofgrowth,andwhetheritisinconverging,leadingtopersistenteconomicsynergywithglobalandnationalpriorities.Thedividesandmissedopportunitiesforinnovation.questionisnotwhethertheworldstillneedsInhigh-incomeeconomies,talentavailabilityeconomicgrowth,buthowthegrowthcanbeisanincreasingbottlenecktofurtheradvancebetteralignedwithotherimportantpriorities.Thisinnovativeness,whileopeninganopportunityforreportprovidesaframeworkforlookingatgrowthtradeinservicesfromdevelopingeconomies.inthecontextofitsqualityandservesasastartingWithintheInnovativenesspillar’sglobalaveragepointfortheForum’sFutureofGrowthInitiative.of45.2arelargedifferencesacrosscountryincomegroups.High-incomeeconomies’Frameworkoverviewaveragescore(59.4)ismorethantwicethatoflow-incomeeconomies(26.8),andabout–TheFutureofGrowthFrameworkintroduces50%higherthanthatofupper-middleincomeamultidimensionalapproachthatfocuseseconomies(39.3),revealingacorrelationonevaluatingthequalityofgrowthandthebetweentheinnovation-alignmentofcountries’balancebetweenvariousprioritiesratherthangrowthtrajectoriesandtheirGDPpercapita.aggregatingthemintoasingleindex.Itisgroundedinfourpillarsthatassessthequality–Inclusivenessofgrowth:Innovativeness,Inclusiveness,RisinginequalityofincomeandopportunitySustainabilityandResilience.riskentrenchingheadwindstoinclusion.Widespreadaccesstobasicservices,in–Inadditiontoglobalanalysis,anaccompanyingadditiontoadequatesocialprotection,willsetofCountryDashboardsaimstosupportbekeytoinclusivegrowthindevelopedandpolicy-makersinassessingthecharacteranddevelopingeconomies.TheInclusivenesspillar’snatureofacountry’seconomicgrowthandglobalaverageis55.9,withmarkedoutcomeidentifytrade-offstoresolveorsynergiestodifferencesacrossincomegroups.High-incomeexploit.Eachdashboardcollatesanovervieweconomies’averageInclusivegrowthscoreofGDP-derivedstatisticsaswellasallofthe(68.9)ismorethantwicethatoflow-incomeframeworkdataforeachofthe107economieseconomies(30.0),andabout50%higherthancovered.thatoflower-middleincomeeconomies(44.8),highlightingastrongcorrelationbetweenlevelsQualifyinggrowthofper-capitaincomeandinclusionoutcomes.Upper-middleincomeeconomies(54.8)on–Theworldeconomyasawholeishalfwayaverageexhibitasomewhatstrongerinclusivetowardsanidealtrajectoryoffullyinnovative,growthperformancecomparedtotheirshowinginclusive,sustainableandresilientgrowth.oninnovation,yetneverthelessscorewellCountriesdifferconsiderablyintermsofpolicybehindhigh-incomeseconomies.prioritiessetaswellaspolicyimplementationresults.Globalaveragesdrawamixedpicture–Sustainabilityoftheworld’strajectorytowardinnovative,Institutionalcommitmentsareyettotranslateinclusive,sustainableandresilientgrowth.intosystemichardwiringofemissionsreductionTheFutureofGrowthReport20244intogrowthmodels.Greenfinanceandlowermiddleincomeeconomies’growthtechnologyarethemissinglinksonthepathtopathwayhasgenerallybeenfocusedonsustainability.TheSustainabilitypillar’sglobalresilience,withhigherscoresonsustainabilityaverageis46.8,asmostcountriescontinuetothanrichereconomiesbutroomtoimprovegrowinwaysthatarenotalignedwithclimateoninclusivenessandinnovativeness.Withtargets.Income-grouptrendsforthispillaranaverageGDPofUSD1,533percapita,divergefromtheotherthreedimensionsoflowincomeeconomies’growthpathwayistheFutureofGrowthFramework,withlow-generallycharacterisedbyamuchlighterincomeeconomies(52.7)andlower-middleenvironmentalfootprintpercapita—resultingincomeeconomies(50.0)exhibiting,oninahighsustainabilityperformance—butwithaverage,strongersustainability-alignedgrowthroomtoimproveonresilience,inclusivenessandcomparedtotherestoftheworld,offsettinginnovativeness.weakerperformanceongreenfinanceandtechnologyduetolowerresourceusetodate.–WhileeverycountryhasauniquegrowthHigh-incomeeconomies(45.8)andupper-pathwayshapedbyawiderangeofmiddleincomeeconomies(44.0),bycontrast,circumstantialfactors,thedatafromthepartiallycompensateforhigheremissionsFutureofGrowthCountryDashboardshelpswithastrongerperformanceonenvironmentalidentifyclustersofcountrieswithsimilargrowthtechnology.characteristics.Wegrouptheseclustersintosevendistinct“growthpathwayarchetypes,”–ResiliencewiththeaimtoidentifycountriesmostcloselyInward-lookingapproachesareinsufficientrelatedintheirgrowthcharacteristicsandoftenforresilience,butlocalizedeffortssuchasforfacesimilarconstraintsandopportunities.Thisstrengtheningfinancialarchitecture,arealsoalsoallowspolicy-makerstoidentifyadditionalkey.Mostcountriesneedbetterpreparationareasofimprovementandlooktocountriesthatandproactiveinvestmentfordemographichaveleveragedopportunitiesforhighqualityinchange.Theglobalresiliencepillaraverageisdifferentways.Theresultingarchetypesexhibit52.8,withmoremoderateoutcomedifferencessimilarhigh-levelpatterns,butwithuniqueacrosscountryincomegroupscomparedtothedistinctions.InnovationandInclusionpillars.High-incomecountriesexhibitthestrongestresilientgrowth–Thedataandanalysispresentedinthisreportperformance(61.9),followedbyuppermiddle-aimtosupportpolicy-makersinassessingtheincomecountries(50.0)andlowermiddle-characterandnatureofacountry’seconomicincomecountries(45.8)inrelativeproximity.growthandcanbeusedtoidentifypotentialLow-incomecountriesareshowingtheleastareastoimprove,trade-offstoresolveorresilientgrowth(39.0).synergiestoexploit.AcomprehensivesetofdetailedCountryDashboardscollatedataonGrowthPathwayArchetypesrecentgrowthaswellasalloftheframeworkdataforeachofthe107economiescovered.–WithanaverageGDPofUSD52,475percapitain2023,highincomeeconomies’growthTheWorldEconomicForum’sFutureofGrowthpathwayisgenerallycharacterisedbyhighInitiativeisatwo-yearcampaignaimedatinspiringscoresoninclusiveness,innovativeness,anddialogueacrossstakeholdersandactionbypolicy-resilience,butroomtoimproveonsustainability.makerstochartnewpathwaysforeconomicWithanaverageGDPofUSD17,900pergrowththatbalanceinnovation,inclusion,capita,uppermiddleincomeeconomies’growthsustainabilityandresiliencegoals.Weinvitepathwaygenerallyfeatureshigheremphasisleaderstojointhisefforttoco-shapenewsolutionsoninclusivenessandresilience,withroomtotothechallengeshighlightedinthisreport,workingimproveonsustainabilityandinnovativeness.togetherwiththeurgencyandambitionthattheWithanaverageGDPofUSD7,633percapita,currentcontextdemands.TheFutureofGrowthReport20245IntroductionTherecentsustainedslowdowningrowthhasThequestionisnotwhethertheworldstillneedsbeencompoundedbyasuccessionofcrisesandeconomicgrowth,buttheextenttowhichthedislocations.Thesecriseshaveraisedquestionsnotunderlyingnatureofthegrowththatisneededisjustaboutthestabilityofprevailingapproachestosynergisticwithotherimportantpriorities.Tohelpstimulatingeconomicgrowth,butaboutthegoalsrespondtothiscontext,thisreportintroducesaandvaluesunderpinningit.newquantitativeframeworktohelpcomplementtraditionalgrowthmetricsanddevelopamoreItisnowmorethan15yearssincethebeginningholisticviewofthequalityofgrowth.oftheglobalfinancialcrisis,butitcontinuestocastashadow,notleastinthepolicychoicesThereiscurrentlynoconsensustowardsaone-ofmanyadvancedeconomies.TheCOVID-19size-fits-allmodeloronerecipeforgoodgrowth.pandemicandtheshockoflockdowns,1leftInstead,countrieshavedivergentinterests,prioritiesbehindanaftermathofasurgeinpublicdebtandstartingpoints,eveninthefaceofsharedgloballevelsandreversalofglobaldevelopmentchallenges.TheFutureofGrowthFrameworkappliesprogress.2Geopoliticaltensionsandconflictsamultidimensionalapproachthatbalancesvarioushavefurtherreshapedanincreasinglymultipolarprioritiesratherthanaggregatingthemintoasingleinternationalorder,withfar-reachingimplicationsindex.Itisgroundedinfourpillars:Innovativeness,fortechnology,growthanddevelopment.Inclusiveness,SustainabilityandResilience.Overshadowingthesedevelopmentsisthegrowingawarenessthattheworld’srisingThemultiplepillarsofthisframeworkprovidetemperatureposesgravedangerstothespaceforthosedivergencestoco-exist,ratherlong-termprospectsforhumanity,withthethanbeingassignedaweightandsummedup.worldcurrentlyontrackforatemperatureriseEachpillarinthisnormativeframeworkdenotessignificantlyabovethetargetssetoutintheParisapositive,e.g.itispositiveforacountrytobeAgreementin2015.3Inparallel,polarizationandinnovativeorresilient,ortotakeaccountofmistrustisgrowinginmanysocieties,withonlydistributionalandenvironmentalconsiderations.50%ofpeopletrustinggovernmentsandonlyYettheframework,andthereport,stopshort41%trustinggovernmentleaders.4ofprescribingwhichofthepillarsismoreimportant,orwhattheoptimalbalancebetweenAllofthishastakenplaceagainst–andhasalsothemmightbe.Differentcountrieshavedifferentfrequentlycontributedto–abackdropofincreasingcircumstancesandthatwillleadtodifferentglobalcontentionovereconomicpolicies,normsconclusionsonthosequestions.Thegoalofandstructures.Theextenttowhichtherewastheframeworkisnottoprescribeaparticularpreviouslyagreementonthesemattersshouldnotapproach,buttoprovideatoolwithwhichbeoverstated,witholderprescriptionsforgrowth,countriescanexploreareastoimprove,trade-includingtheso-called“Washingtonconsensus”,offstoresolveorsynergiestodevelop.Outofhavingbrokendownbeforetheglobalfinancialthescopeoftheframeworkandthisreportarecrisishaderupted.5Buttheforcesofchangehavequestionsaroundimprovingthemeasurementofintensifiedoverthepasttwodecades,inparticularGDPitself;forexample,bytakingintoaccountaspoliticsinmanyadvancedeconomieshaveintangiblevaluefromdigitalservicesorbyfractured,asthepowerandresourcesofemergingintegratingthevalueofcarework.economieshaveincreased,andasmanyleadersacrosstheworldhavesoughttostrengthennationalThisreportcomprisesfoursections.Thefirsteconomicpolicy-makingasacounterweighttothediscussesthecurrentglobalgrowthpicture–thepoliticalandeconomiceffectsofglobalization.trade-offsbetweenaconventionalshort-termgrowthfocusandalonger-termemphasisontheunderlyingTheworkinthisreportstartsfromtwokeypremises.qualityofthisgrowth–andprovidesanoverviewofThefirstisthateconomicgrowthisanessentialtheFutureofGrowthFrameworkandthechoicespolicyobjectiveandakeyprerequisiteforimprovingmadeintheconstructionofeachofitsfourpillars.livingstandardsandmakingprogressonalmostanyotherpolicyagenda.ThesecondisthatgrowthThesecondpartpresentskeyglobalfindingspolicyisaninherentlynormativeexercise,withtrade-andcurrenttrendsregardingtheinnovativeness,offsandsynergies.Assuch,therewillinevitablybeinclusiveness,sustainabilityandresilienceofdisagreementsonthesenormativeconsiderations.growthacrosscountries.ItalsopresentsmultipleTheFutureofGrowthReport20246“growthpathwayarchetypes”thatdemonstratethedataincludedintheframework,todevelopacommonalitiesanddifferencesofchoicesbetweencomprehensiveviewforeachofthe107economiesthecountriescovered.Inkeepingwiththenon-covered.Thissectionisdesignedforcountryprescriptivenatureoftheframework,thereportspecificanalysisandcallstheattentionofpolicy-doesnotprovidetraditionalcountryorregionalmakers,investors,academicsandcivilsocietyinperformancecomparisons.variousnationalcontexts.Thedatacanalsobeaccessedonlineathttps://www.weforum.org/Thisisfollowedbyacomprehensivesetofdetailedpublications/the-future-of-growth-report.Finally,CountryDashboardsthatpresentthelatestdatathereport’stechnicalappendixescontaintheongrowthforeacheconomy,togetherwithallofmethodologicaldetailsrelatedtotheframework.TheFutureofGrowthReport202471TheFutureofGrowthFramework1.1FromthegrowthwehavetothegrowthweneedEconomicgrowthcanbedefinedasanincreaseSincethe2007globalfinancialcrisis,globalinthequantityorqualityofproductionofgoodseconomicgrowthhaslostmomentum.Onaverage,andservicesinacountryovertime.Itistypicallyglobalshort-termGDPgrowthhasdeclinedfrommeasuredbygrowthingrossdomesticproductabout2%inadvancedand5.8%inemergingand(GDP).Growthisimportantprimarilybecausemanydevelopingeconomiesintheearly2000stoaboutsuchgoodsandservicescontributetopeople’s1.4%and1.7%,respectively,inthepost-COVIDqualityoflife:frombasicfoodandsheltertomoreperiod(Figure1).complexthingssuchasmedicaltechnologies,leisureactivitiesorsecurity.WhilenoteverythingGDPgrowthisoftenusedasanindicatorofaimportanttosocietiescanbereducedtogoodsnation’soveralleconomichealthandprosperity.andservices,systematicattemptstoimprovetheHowever,anycontemporaryassessmentofgrowthlivesofpeoplealmostinvariablyentailanincreaseneedstolookbeyondquantity–itistheunderlyinginthequantityorqualityofatleastsomegoodsnatureandqualityofgrowth,andthewayinwhichitandservices,whetherproducedintheprivateisachieved,thatultimatelymattersmostforpositivesector,thepublicsectororamixtureofthetwo.economic,societalandenvironmentaloutcomes.ThepositiveimpactofmoreorbettergoodsandCountries’policychoicestodayareshapingtheirservicescanbeparticularlysignificantinthelowest-long-termgrowthtrajectoriesandhavelastingincomecountries,wheregrowthismorelikelythanimplicationsforindividuals,societies,internationalinrichereconomiestomeanthedifferencebetweenrelationsandtheplanet.Inrecentyears,therebasichumanneedsbeingmetornot.havebeendebatesaroundthecontinuedneedforFIGURE1GDPgrowth(%)byincomegroupinselectedperiods10.0%7.5%5.8%5.0%2.5%4.2%03.4%2%1.7%1.4%2.6%1.3%2021-20221991-20002001-20082009-2020AverageannualGDPgrowthrate,%Low&middleincomeHighincomeSourceNoteWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024;Periodsaredeﬁnedasintervalsbetweenglobalrecession/slowdown.1991,2001,2009andbasedonconstant(2015)USDGDPdatafromWorldBank,2020arethefouryearswhereglobalgrowthwaslowestoverthepast30years.IncomegroupsWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabase.includeallcountriesidentiﬁedassuchbytheWorldBanktaxonomy.Low&middleincomecombinesLow-income,Lower-middleincome,andUpper-middleincomecountries.TheFutureofGrowthReport20248growthinadvancedeconomiesandhowGDPasThisreportdrawsfromtherichsetofliteratureameasurecouldbetteraccountforthevalueofonthisquestionoverthelastdecade,includingunpaidworkorcountintangibleassets.ThecoretheWorldEconomicForum’slongstandingworkquestion,however,ishowthefutureofgrowthcanoncompetitiveness,toproposeaholistictoolforbebetteralignedwithotherimportantpriorities.assessingthequalityoffuturegrowth.1.2OverviewofframeworkconstructionTheFutureofGrowthFrameworkaimstocontributeEconomicpolicyisaninherentlynormativeexercise,toaparadigmshiftinassessingeconomicgrowthwithtrade-offsandsynergiesdrivingpolicychoices.byadoptingamultidimensionalapproach,focusingTherewillinevitablybedisagreementsontheseonthequality,balanceandalignmentofgrowthnormativeconsiderations.Theframeworkdoeswithbroaderglobalandnationalpriorities.Thenotaimtosuggestthatinnovation,inclusion,frameworkthereforecapturesthecharacterofasustainabilityandresiliencearetheonlyprioritiestocountry’sgrowthbyqualifyingperformanceacrossbebalancedagainstgrowth,northattheyshouldfourareasessentialtodrivingmorebalancedbeprioritizedequallyeverywhere.Instead,itaimstogrowth:innovation,inclusion,environmentalprovideatransparentandholisticwayforcountriessustainabilityandsystemicresilience(Figure2).todeliberateonhowtoprioritizethemrelativetogrowthandrelativetoeachother.FIGURE2TheFutureofGrowthFrameworkGDPpercapita5-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth5-yearaverageGDPgrowthconstant2017PPP%change%changeInnovativenessInclusivenessSustainabilityResilienceExtenttowhichaneconomy’strajectoryExtenttowhichaneconomy’strajectoryExtenttowhichaneconomy’strajectoryExtenttowhichaneconomy’scanabsorbandevolveinresponsetonewincludesallstakeholdersinthebeneﬁtscankeepitsecologicalfootprintwithintrajectorycanwithstandandbouncetechnological,social,institutionalandandopportunitiesitcreates.ﬁniteenvironmentalboundaries.backfromshocks.organizationaldevelopmentstoimprovethelonger-termqualityofgrowth.TalentecosystemTalentecosystemTalentecosystemInclusioninworkforce1-7(best)TalentforgreenandenergytransitionOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64TalentecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1-7(best)FillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabourAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)Lackofsocialprotection%pop.1-7(best)Educationattainment0-4.5(best)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)BuyersophisticationonenvironmentInvestmentinreskilling1-7(best)Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)andnature1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertrainingIncomedistribution%sharebottom50%25-54pop.ResourcesecosystemSocialmobility1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemHospitalbedsper1,000pop.Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Biodiversityintactness0-1(mostintact)Healthworkersper10,000pop.ICTcapitalUSDpercapitaResourcesecosystemAnnualgreenhousegasemissionsInnovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)tnCO₂equiv.percap.Resourcesecosystemservices1-7(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Renewableenergyconsumption%totalEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)FinancialecosystemIndividualsusingtheinternet%pop.AgriculturalenvironmentaldamageWaterresourcesm³percapita/yearLongterm,ventureandSMEfinanceAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.0-1.4(worst)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporteravailability1-7(best)Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCommoditysupplyconcentrationTotalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year%sharetopimporterDigitalpayments%adultpop.FinancialecosystemTotalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%FinancialecosystemInfrastructurequality1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)AccesstobankaccountsandsavingTechnologyecosystemFinancialecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)%adultpop.GreenpatentstotalCountrycreditrating0-100(best)Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeBankconcentration%totalassetsMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.TechnologyecosystemInstitutionalecosystemFinancialsystemresilience1-7(best)PatentapplicationstotalGenderparityinknowledge-intensiveEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreResearchanddevelopmentexpenditureoccupations0-100(best)Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)%GDPInclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaTechnologyecosystemICTcost%GNIpercapitaCybersecurityindex0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexTechnologysupplyconcentrationKnowledge-intensiveemploymentInstitutionalecosystem%sharetopimporter%totalemploymentCivilrights0-60(high)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.Politicalparticipation0-1(best)InstitutionalecosystemInstitutionalecosystemInclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Governmentadaptation1-7(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)SourceRuleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)WorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024.Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)TheFutureofGrowthReport20249Thestartingpointfortheframeworkisanstakeholdersinthebenefitsandopportunitiesoverviewofacountry’srecenteconomicgrowthitcreates.Atagloballevel,growthhasbeenperformance,measuredbythreecoreindicators:goodforinclusion,drivinguptheincomesofGDPpercapita,GDPgrowth,andGDPper-thosewhohavetheleastbyahighermargincapitagrowthoverthepastfiveyears.Ratherthanandnarrowingthegapsbetweenrichandreducingeconomicactivitytoasingleindicator,poorcountries:overthepasttwodecadesthiscombinationcapturesthegrowthofeconomicaverageincomesinthetop10%ofcountriesactivityinabsolutetermsandrelativetoitshavegonefrom50timesashighasaveragepopulation,aswellastheper-capitagrowthratesincomesinthebottomhalfoftheglobalcountryoverfiveyearstoassessthelonger-termeconomicdistributiontobeing40timesashigh.Withintrajectoryofaneconomy.Althoughthereareseveralcountries,however,thetrendhasgoneinthemethodologicalandconceptualshortcomingsoftheoppositedirection:theaverageincomesoftheconventionalGDPmetric,itremainsinwidespreadtop10%havegonefrombeing8.5to15timesusetodaybymostpolicy-makers,media,ashighastheaverageincomesofthebottomacademics,civilsocietyandbusinessleaders.Ourhalf.However,growth-relevantdimensionsofefforts,therefore,arefocusedoncomplementingitsinclusivenessgofarbeyondincomedistribution.usewithadditionalareasofrelevanceforthefutureThepillartakesstockofacountry’sperformanceofqualitygrowth.Futureeditionsofthereportwillinareassuchasparticipationinthelabourforcecontinuetoassessadditionalgrowthmetricswithinandeducation;accesstoservicesincludingthison-goingdebate.6housing,transport,andfinance;genderparityinresearchandtechnology;andtheequalBeyondthecontextprovidedbyGDPmeasuresapplicationofcivilrights.onthescaleofgrowth,theFutureofGrowthFramework’sanalyticalcorearefourpillarsthat–TheSustainabilitypillarcapturestheextentcapturetheextenttowhichacountry’seconomictowhichaneconomy’strajectorycankeepitsactivityisalignedwithinnovation,inclusion,ecologicalfootprintwithinfiniteenvironmentalsustainabilityandresiliencegoals.Inotherwords,boundaries.Oncurrenttrajectories,theworldthequalityofthatgrowth.ByaggregatingscoresofissettomissitsParisAgreementtargetsfortheindividualindicatorsineachpillar,theframeworkglobalwarmingbyaconsiderablemargin.isdesignedtoproduceanaggregateresultforeachTheconsequencesofrisingtemperaturesarepillarona0-100scale,where100isanidealandalreadybecomingclearinchangingpatternshypotheticalcasewhereacountryachievesperfectofextremeweather,anddramaticnewannualperformanceoneverycomponentofthepillar.recordshavebeensetonindicatorssuchasairandoceantemperatures.Itisestimated–TheInnovativenesspillarcapturestheextentthatglobalemissionsmustpeakby2025totowhichaneconomy’strajectorycanabsorbmeettheParisAgreementgoals.Yet,globalandevolveinresponsetonewtechnological,emissionsarestillrisingevenascountriessocial,institutionalandorganizationalagreedatthelatestConferenceofthePartiesdevelopmentstoimprovethelonger-termtotransitionawayfromfossilfuels.Whilequalityofgrowth.Whencountriesarealreadycontinuedgrowthisvitaltoreducepovertyatarelativelyhighlevelofinnovation,movingandincreaselivingstandards,policy-makerstheirinnovationfrontierfurtheroutismoremustaddresstheenvironmentalimpactofdifficultthanadaptingorabsorbingexistingtheircountry’sgrowth.Tothatend,thispillartechnologies.Complementaritiesbetweencapturesacountry’sperformanceinareassuchtechnologyandtalentbecomemoreimportantasthephysicalimpactofproductionontheandmorespecific,oftenfocusedonnascentenvironment;conservingnature;supportforthebranchesofknowledge.Asaresult,researchgreentransitioninthefinancial,technologicalanddevelopment(R&D)levelsandeaseofandinstitutionaldomains;andconsumptionfindingtalentarecommonbottleneckstofurtherbehavioursofthepopulation.expandinnovationinthesecountries.Inthecontextofdevelopingeconomies,technology–TheResiliencepillarcapturestheextenttoadoptionrequiresadjustingproductionsystemswhichaneconomy’strajectorycanwithstandanddevelopingcapabilitiesthatarenotyetandbouncebackfromshocks.Thedramaticmatureoravailableintheireconomicsystems.globaldisruptionstriggeredbytheCOVID-19Forinstance,thecapacitytoproducemediumpandemicpushedtheconceptofresilienceandhigh-techmanufacturinggoodsoftenrapidlytothefore.Comparedtoinnovation,requiresacquiringthetechnologyandknow-inclusionandenvironmentalsustainability,therehowtoparticipateininternationalvaluechains.isrelativelylittleconsensusaboutwhatenablesTocaptureperformanceacrossthesevariouscountriestorecover–andideallytoadaptorscenarios,thepillarincludesareassuchasimprove–inthewakeofashock.Comparedtofinancingtodriveinnovation,scientificandrespondingtodiscreterisks,resilienceinvolvestechnologicaldevelopment,talentavailability,preparingforandadaptingtosystemicrisksandregulatoryandpolicysupport.thatspaninterconnectedsystems,whichoftenrequirebuildingsomelevelofredundancyand–TheInclusivenesspillarcapturestheextentslack.Thepillarcapturesthisatthenationaltowhichaneconomy’strajectoryincludesalllevelinareassuchasphysicalresourceTheFutureofGrowthReport202410dependency,macroeconomicstabilityandtheandaction,buttheyalsoruntheriskofglossingdepthofthehealthcaresystem.Resilienceisovercomplexityandencouragingafocusonthealsoinherentlyglobalwhenitcomestocross-relativepositionofpeersandrivalsratherthantheborderspilloversorriskssuchaspandemicsunderlyingsubstance.Thefocushereisinsteadorclimatechange,highlightingtheneedonhowcountries’performancesarebalancedforcountriestocontributetosharedglobalagainsttheirgrowthperformanceandacrosschallenges.Thisiscapturedbyindicatorssuchthefourpillars.Theresultssectioninthisreportasparticipationinenvironmentaltreaties.discusseswhichcountrieshaveperformedwellinvariouspartsoftheframework,butthisisdoneAlthoughindividualpillarscoresaremeaningfulwithaviewtohighlightingdriversofsuccessratherandinformativeinisolation,itisthepatternofthanpresentingalistofthetopperformers.OverresultsacrosstheInnovativeness,Inclusiveness,thetwo-yeartimeframeoftheFutureofGrowthSustainabilityandResiliencepillars,inconjunctionInitiative,thisframeworkwillberefinedandthemeritwithGDPgrowthfigures,thatprovidesaofintroducingrankingsconsideredfully.multidimensionalassessmentofthecharacterofgrowth.Asaresult,theframeworkdoesnotAdetailedmethodologicaldiscussionoftheFuturefurtheraggregatepillarscoresintoasingleindex,ofGrowthFramework’sconstruction,aswellasnordoesitrankcountries.ThisisadeparturetheselectionandtechnicalinterpretationofeachfromtheapproachtakenintheWorldEconomicofitsindicatorsisavailableinAppendixAandForum’sGlobalCompetitivenessReport.RankingsAppendixB.canbeapowerfultoolforfocusingpolicyattention1.3Trade-offs,synergiesandpolicychoicesThemultidimensionalperspectiveoftheFutureSomehavearguedthat“greengrowth,”asofGrowthFrameworkmakesvisiblethepotentialenvisagedbyseveralprominentinternationaltrade-offsandsynergiesbetweenitsvariousorganizations,isafeasiblepathby“decoupling”dimensions.Unlikemanycompositeindexes,thegrowthfromenvironmentalharmandinsteadobjectiveinthisframeworkisnotsimultaneoustappingintolonger-termsynergies,citingcasesmaximizationofperformanceacrossallitspillarsofeconomiesthathavesuccessfullyreducedanddimensions.Whilethismaybeconceptuallyemissionswhileincreasinggrowth.10Skepticsarguedesirable,itischallenginginpractice.Instead,thethatthereiscurrentlynoevidencethattheleveltoolisintendedtobringgreaterclarityonaholisticofdecouplingassumedbyanyofthescenariosviewofthescaleaswellasthequalityofgrowthandneededtokeeptemperaturechangesbelow1.5°Cstimulatethinkingaroundpolicychoicesregardingistechnologicallyfeasible.trade-offsandsynergiesbetweenthesedimensions.ThehistoryofacceleratinggrowthsincethefirstResearchsuggeststhattheremaybeadirectindustrialrevolutionisalsothehistoryofaremarkabletrade-offbetweendesirablepillaroutcomesanddeclineintheproportionofhumanitylivinginextremegrowthmaximization,atleastintheshortterm,poverty.11Growththatdeliversgoodsandserviceswhilelonger-termgrowthperformanceandmanytakenforgrantedintheworld’srichersocietiestopillaroutcomesmaybemoresynergistic.However,moreoftheworld’spopulationcontinuestobeimportantpolicychoicesoftencontinuetobemadeinhighdemandacrosstheworld.However,theunderseveretimepressureandwithinshortpoliticalInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)estimatesthataandbusinesscycles.Thesepotentialtrade-offsand1%riseinannualGDPisonaveragefollowedbysynergiesaredocumentedbelowasbackgrounda0.7%riseinemissionsindevelopingcountries.12totheglobalresultsandasaguideaheadofusingPolicy-makersacrossdevelopedanddevelopingCountryDashboards.economiesmustcontendwithadvancinggrowthwhilereducingitsenvironmentalfootprint.TherelationshipbetweenGrowthandSustainabilityremainshighlydivergent,withmuchTherearebothtrade-offsandsynergieswhenitoftheworldstrugglingtocreateconditionsforcomestotherelationshipbetweenGrowthandenvironmentallysustainablegrowth.Forexample,Inclusiveness,whichcontinuestobereflectedinasteadyspateofrecenteconomicwoeshasdomesticpolicydebatesinmanycountries.Manysidetrackedeffortstorampupenvironmentalofthefactorsthatenabledrapidgrowth,includingaction.Laggingglobalgrowthhasrefocusedglobalizationandtechnologicaltransformation,leaders’attentiononimmediateeconomicandarebelievedtohaveexacerbatedinequalitiesfinancialissues,ratehikestocontainrunawayalongtheway.Althoughthereisundisputedinflationhaveincreasedborrowingcostsforevidencethatdistributionoftheeconomicinvestmentscriticaltothegreentransition,8andbenefitsfromthesetrendshasbeenhighlysurgingpriceshamperedeffortstoproduceandunequal,establishingcausalityandclearpattersbuygreen.9Eachofthesecasesstemsfromtrade-oftherelationshipbetweengrowthandinequalityoffs,atleastintheshortterm.hasprovedchallenging.TheFutureofGrowthReport202411Someargumentssuggestthat,overshortandFinally,therelationshipbetweenGrowthandmediumterm,higherinequalitycouldhavepositiveResiliencefacesunavoidabletensions.Whereimpactongrowthasstrongermarketincentivesefficiencyaimstooptimizeresourcesinthecurrentrewardentrepreneurshipandinnovation.Otherenvironment,resiliencedemandspreparingforandresearchsuggeststhathighinequalityislikelytoadaptingtofutureshocks,thenatureandscopebedetrimentaltogrowthovertimeduetolackofwhichareoftenunknown.18Resilientsystemsofhumancapitaldevelopment,lowfinancialandaretypicallycharacterizedbytheveryfeatures–politicalinclusion,andstagnantsocioeconomicdiversityandredundancy,orslack–thatefficiencymobility.TheOrganisationforEconomicCo-seekstoovercome.19Buildingresilience,then,oftenoperationandDevelopment(OECD)estimatescomesattheexpenseofshort-termgains,whileitsthattheriseofincomeinequalitybetween1985benefitsareuncertainandrealizedbyperformanceand2005resultedinacontractionofcumulativearoundfuturecrisesofunknownscopeandscale.economicgrowthbetween1990and2010byanaverageof4.7percentagepointsacrossOECDHowever,resilienceisnotnecessarilyatoddswithcountries.13Morerecentevidencehighlightsthegrowthovertime,especiallyinaglobaleconomynon-linearnatureoftherelationship.Forexample,increasinglybesetbyshocks.AsarguedbyonetheIMFfindsthatataparticularlevelofinequality–recentstudy,businessesthatprioritizenear-termmeasuredataGinicoefficientof27–thedirectiongainsattheexpenseoflong-termresiliencebuildingoftherelationshipchangesandinequalitycan“mayhaveapositivelong-runexpectedvaluebutimpaireconomicdevelopment.14anearcertainprobabilityoffailure[...]ifthereisa90%chanceofdoublingyourinvestmenteachyearSomeresearchersalsohighlightthecentralroleanda10%chanceofgoingbust,theexpectedofinequalityofopportunitiesindeterminingthegainis80%peryear–butoveralongenoughdirectionandstrengthoftherelationshipbetweentimeframeitbecomesnearly100%certainthatyougrowthandinequality.Usingintergenerationalwilleventuallyloseeverything.”20Countriesmayfacemobilityasanindicatorofinequalityofopportunity,similarprobabilitiesiftheypursueonlyefficiencyandstudiesfindthatsocietieswhereopportunitiesareshort-termgainoverlongertermresilience.unequallydistributed,incomeinequalityexertsagreaterdragonlong-termgrowthbyunderminingInvestinginlong-termresilience-buildingmeasureshumancapitaldevelopmentandreinforcingpovertymaybeespeciallydifficultinaneconomiccycles.15TheWorldBankhighlightstheacuteimpactenvironmentcharacterizedbysluggishgrowth,ofinheritedcircumstancesonincomedisparitiesinhighinflationandborrowingcosts,andpainfuldevelopingcountries.Accordingtorecentestimates,debtburdens.21Asaresult,governmentsfaceasmuchas20%ofoverallinequalityinBotswana,seriousshort-termpressuretofundpublicEswatini,LesothoandSouthAfricacanbeattributedservices,oftenleavinglittleroomforresilience-tolocation,gender,ageandparentalbackground,buildingmeasures.Thisisespeciallysoinwiththefigurereachingalmost50%whenracedevelopingcountries,wherebuildingresiliencefactorsareconsidered.16requireshighupfrontcosts,makinginvestmentsinclimateadaptationorcleanenergygridshardtoThesynergisticrelationshipbetweenGrowthandestablish,giventheirhigherborrowingcostsandInnovativenessiswell-evidencedwithineconomicoftenconditionaldebtburdens.22theory–wherebycapacitytoinnovateimproveswitheconomicdevelopmentinvirtuouscycles.NosinglegrowthmodelcanbeappliedtoallHowevertherearepotentialtrade-offsinthiscountries.Eachcountry’sprioritiesandpathwaysarea,largelyrevolvingaroundongoingdebatestoinnovative,inclusive,sustainableandresilientregardingtheefficacyofindustrialpolicytoimprovegrowthareunique.TheFutureofGrowthacountry’sinnovationcapacityinacost-efficientFrameworkdoesnotdeterminewhichdimensionmanner.17Inparticular,theexperiencesoftheshouldbeprioritizedatanygivenmomentintime.pandemicandsupplyshortagesstemmingfromInstead,itprovidesaholisticoverviewofthecurrentconflicthaveledmoreadvancedeconomiestoturnstatusofeachofthesequalitativedimensions.Byinwardandboostlocalizedinnovation;butthelong-doingso,itaimstoequipstakeholderswithaguidetermresultsfrompreviouswavesofgovernment-todeterminewhichtrade-offstheyarewillingtoincentivizedinnovationhavebeenmixedinmake,andwhichsynergiesaremostrelevanttodevelopedanddevelopingeconomiesalike.exploitintheirparticularcontext.Additionally,thegeopoliticallycompetitivenatureofsomeaspectsofinnovationintechnologicaladvancementsrisksreducingthescopeofoptionsandopportunityfordevelopingeconomies.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024122QualifyinggrowthBetween2018and2023–onaverage–high-countries,whereGDPgrowthpercapitaislessincomeeconomies’GDP(inpurchasing-power-than0.2%.parityterms)grewby1.4%annuallyacrosseconomiesfeaturedinthereport,by2.2%acrossHowever,astheFutureofGrowthFrameworkupper-middleincomeeconomies,by3.1%acrossintroducedinthisreportemphasizes,thislower-middleincomeeconomies,andby3.1%conventionalGDPgrowthpictureisincompleteacrosslow-incomeeconomies.TotalglobalGDPwithoutadeeperunderstandingoftheunderlyingtodayishigherthanitspre-pandemiclevel,butnatureandqualityofgrowth,andwhetheritisgrowthratesremainbelow4%acrossallincomealignedwithotherglobalandnationalpriorities.groups.GlobalgrowthhasbeenslowerinthepastDecision-makerscanusetheframeworktoevaluatedecadecomparedtopreviousones,andthepost-thequalityoftheircountry’sgrowth,findpotentialpandemicrecoveryislosingmomentum.Notably,areasforimprovement,identifytrade-offstoresolveinper-capitaterms,growthisevenslowerthanorsynergiestoexploit,andactrelativetotheiritisinabsoluteterms,especiallyinlow-incomestrategies,objectivesandpriorities.2.1GlobalresultsApplyingtheFutureofGrowthFrameworktoaGlobalaveragesdrawamixedpictureoftheworld’sglobalcountrydatasetrevealsdisparitiesingrowthtrajectorytowardinnovative,inclusive,sustainableaswellasamongthefourqualitativedimensions.andresilientgrowth(Figure3).FIGURE3FutureofGrowthFrameworkscores,bypillarandincomegroupA.PillarInnovativenessWorld45.2InclusivenessWorld55.9SustainabilityWorld46.8ResilienceWorld52.8020406080100HighincomeNoclassiﬁcationPillarscoreIncomegroupLowincomeLowermiddleincomeUppermiddleincomeTheFutureofGrowthReport202413FIGURE3FutureofGrowthFrameworkscores,bypillarandincomegroupB.IncomegroupInnovativenessInclusivenessHighincomeUppermiddleincomeLowermiddleincomeLowincome204060801000204060801000SustainabilityResilienceHighincomeUppermiddleincomeLowermiddleincomeLowincome020406080100020406080100PillarscorePillarscoreSourceNoteWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024.TheBolivarianRepublicofVenezuelacurrentlyremainswithoutclassiﬁcationintheappliedWorldBankincomegrouptaxonomy.WithanaverageGDPofUSD52,475percapitamiddleincomeeconomies’growthpathwayhas(atpurchasingpowerparity)in2023,highgenerallybeenfocusedonresilience(50.0),withincomeeconomies’growthpathwayisgenerallyhigherscoresonsustainability(51.3)thanrichercharacterisedbyhighscoresoninclusivenesseconomiesbutroomtoimproveoninclusiveness(68.9),innovativeness(59.4),andresilience(61.9),(44.8)andinnovativeness(34.9).Withanaveragebutroomtoimproveonsustainability(45.8).GDPofUSD1,533percapitain2023,lowWithanaverageGDPofUSD17,900percapita,incomeeconomies’growthpathwayisgenerallyuppermiddleincomeeconomies’growthpathwaycharacterisedbyamuchlighterenvironmentalgenerallyfeatureshigheremphasisoninclusivenessfootprintpercapita—resultinginahighsustainability(54.8)andresilience(50.0),withroomtoimproveonperformance(52.7)—butwithroomtoimprovesustainability(44.0)andinnovativeness(39.3).Withonresilience(39.0),inclusiveness(29.9)andanaverageGDPofUSD7,633percapita,lowerinnovativeness(26.8).TheFutureofGrowthReport202414Conceptually,theworldeconomyasawholeascoreof80.4.Over70economiesexhibitanhascomehalfwaytowardahypotheticallyidealInnovativenesspillarscoreoflessthan50outtrajectoryoffullyinnovative,inclusive,sustainable,of100.Inclusivenesshasthesecond-largestandresilientgrowth.Innovativenessisthespread.Onthispillar,30economies–allfromthedimensionthatattainsthelowestglobalscore(withhigh-incomecategory–areatleasttwo-thirdsaglobalaverageof45.2outof100),mostlydrivenofthewaytowardtheconceptualmaximum,yetbyhighconcentrationofinnovationhubswithinanoneexhibitascorehigherthan77.9.Over30limitednumberofeconomies.Thesustainabilitycountriesscorebelowthemidwaypoint.Intermsofdimension’sglobalaverageis46.8outof100,whileSustainability,nocountryexhibitsascoreofmoretheinclusivenessandresiliencedimensions’globalthan62.9outof100,while69countriesexhibitaveragescoresare55.9outof100and52.8outofascoreoflessthan50.Thispillarhasthelowest100,respectively.spreadbetweenmaximumandminimumscores.IntermsofResilience,onlyeightcountriescrosstheAtanindividuallevel,nocountryoreconomyhasthresholdofbeingtwo-thirdsofthewaytowardtheattainedapillarscorehigherthan80onanyoftheconceptualmaximumscore.framework’sfourdimensions,where100isthetheoreticalmaximumoutcomepossible(Figure4).Theremainderofthischapterprovidesdetailsofthefindings–first,acrosseachoftheFutureofGrowthInnovativenesshasthelargestspreadbetweenFramework’sfourpillardimensionsand,second,maximumandminimumvalues;veryfeweconomiesbyidentifyingparticularclustersor“archetypes”ofarefollowingaprimarilyinnovation-alignedgrowthcountriesandtheirgrowthtrajectoriesobservedintrajectory.Only15economiescrossthetwo-thirdsthedata.mark,withthehighestcountryoutcomereachingFIGURE4FutureofGrowthFramework:CountryresultsdashboardEconomyGDPperAverageAverageIncomegroupInnovativenessInclusivenessScoreSustainabilityResiliencecapitaPPPGDPperGDP43.79(2023)capitagrowth40.49growth(2018-50.81(2018-2023)46.0169.47Algeria11,1762023)1.90Lowermiddle34.2050.1544.8068.79Angola5,7810.00Lowermiddle17.9727.7447.9947.94Argentina-0.30-0.20Uppermiddle34.6758.9438.6546.37Armenia21,652-3.504.30Uppermiddle38.8660.9744.4063.46Australia16,129-1.002.30High65.9276.2743.0549.29Austria52,8314.901.20High66.2773.7051.8845.40Bahrain56,4211.002.40High53.4055.6930.8145.40Bangladesh49,5970.406.30Lowermiddle33.7239.3046.9246.87Belgium0.501.50High65.7571.3845.6351.98Benin7,0855.005.20Lowermiddle39.5041.2653.4054.43Bolivia(PlurinationalStateof)53,7620.902.70Lowermiddle29.1152.2043.2542.55BosniaandHerzegovina2.902.80Uppermiddle32.7053.3345.3565.58Botswana3,517-0.603.00Uppermiddle40.2853.4745.7333.16Brazil8,4472.800.50Uppermiddle41.8155.3155.9957.36Bulgaria16,0381.102.50Uppermiddle47.0264.4944.9147.94Cameroon15,8431.203.80Lowermiddle29.0733.0653.6856.57Canada16,4024.201.60High65.1275.8044.7745.15Chad27,5950.501.00Low22.2723.8362.0551.41Chile3,807-0.201.80High46.2364.8949.4757.97Colombia48,861-1.502.80Uppermiddle39.7553.3647.7835.68CostaRica1,4760.203.20Uppermiddle43.0062.7848.8368.51CôteD'Ivoire24,4531.306.30Lowermiddle34.6042.8754.0949.35Cyprus15,9151.803.40High55.3964.5138.47Czechia2.902.20High56.9871.8245.46DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo21,91.704.90Low21.8827.5150.51Denmark5,6860.002.20High73.4077.6454.72DominicanRepublic44,0562.204.80Uppermiddle33.8452.4838.6840,0481.601,2332.6061,23220,849TheFutureofGrowthReport202415FIGURE4FutureofGrowthFramework:CountryresultsdashboardEconomyGDPperAverageAverageIncomegroupInnovativenessInclusivenessScoreSustainabilityResiliencecapitaPPPGDPperGDPEcuador46.18Egypt(2023)capitagrowth46.53ElSalvadorgrowth(2018-44.42Estonia(2018-2023)65.07Finland71.25France2023)64.31Georgia54.84Germany10,852-1.300.70Uppermiddle31.6252.9141.9465.50Ghana13,9882.8044.1049.6251.20Greece1.704.30Lowermiddle39.6241.7543.9253.98Guatemala9,5721.0075.6343.6943.81Honduras36,9520.302.10Uppermiddle31.5577.6857.9942.34Hungary48,9060.4071.8952.6957.96Iceland48,0045.002.40High64.3260.6641.5762.57India18,2630.1072.9356.3351.21Indonesia53,9451.001.10High68.0348.6053.4857.92Iran(IslamicRepublicof)2.3063.6645.7838.88Ireland5,6411.501.10High66.6741.3947.4863.21Italy32,5640.6044.2945.9158.78Jamaica2.504.30Uppermiddle44.1066.1051.6244.52Japan8,655-0.3077.6739.3866.34Jordan5,8513.101.10High69.4141.6956.0455.01Kazakhstan35,6172.3050.3545.0649.14Kenya57,0451.203.80Lowermiddle36.8845.4435.4948.56Korea,Republicof7,5025.9070.1642.4460.96Kuwait12,9360.801.10High45.7366.8150.5551.77Kyrgyzstan0.3055.5743.1341.66LaoPDRn.a.0.403.50Uppermiddle32.3068.6752.6442.32Latvia112,4340.8053.0158.2359.06Lesotho1.003.10Lowermiddle28.6463.2028.9129.96Lithuania44,3232.2042.6457.2463.18Luxembourg10,6152.003.10High49.4470.4253.0972.57Malawi42,576-1.6052.5829.7543.67Malaysia10,4640.303.00High58.9653.1144.1663.63Mali26,7221.2043.1451.4335.62Malta2.205.50Lowermiddle40.2369.2646.7156.87Mauritius5,373-1.0033.6747.9656.70Mexico46,3252.504.10Uppermiddle44.6273.4147.8046.00Mongolia42,2860.2075.2331.1548.61Morocco-0.202.40Lowermiddle34.6634.8656.8553.53Nepal5,2592.4061.7241.5143.44Netherlands7,995-0.308.60High63.7732.5851.4965.89NewZealand33,4042.1069.8136.4472.43Nigeria2,6420.800.70High58.4255.8937.9440.61NorthMacedonia40,227-0.3051.4646.6645.57Oman117,0620.900.80Uppermiddle36.1054.5124.4055.72Pakistan1,3630.3049.7350.3443.4730,2921.600.50High66.4041.7352.102,1561.2075.9349.1751,8571.101.90Lowermiddle45.0676.9838.2123,975-0.5035.5453.2620,4021.702.70Uppermiddle34.6055.4648.7912,325-1.3055.6742.658,5020.704.50Lowermiddle37.5638.8254.074,03159,8912.50High68.8143,9565,0220.10High40.9717,47432,1333.20Lowermiddle32.025,5334.60Lowermiddle32.272.30High43.830.30Lowermiddle29.652.80High53.202.20High65.633.20Low33.744.00Uppermiddle52.334.30Low31.545.80High57.952.30Uppermiddle42.151.40Uppermiddle37.883.70Lowermiddle34.782.20Lowermiddle41.214.10Lowermiddle31.461.90High73.302.90High63.102.00Lowermiddle30.122.20Uppermiddle39.111.70High48.313.50Lowermiddle33.61TheFutureofGrowthReport202416FIGURE4FutureofGrowthFramework:CountryresultsdashboardEconomyGDPperAverageAverageIncomegroupInnovativenessInclusivenessScoreSustainabilityResiliencecapitaPPPGDPperGDPPanama55.28Paraguay(2023)capitagrowth49.87Perugrowth(2018-48.44Philippines(2018-2023)54.14Poland56.96Portugal2023)62.69Qatar59.27Romania34,9121.503.90High36.5055.3143.3956.97Rwanda12,6890.102.70Uppermiddle33.0950.2343.0252.82SaudiArabia12,9830.002.30Uppermiddle33.7050.3642.7856.49Senegal1.504.60Lowermiddle42.1148.3050.6847.62Serbia9,2523.103.60High49.1564.7050.6656.05SierraLeone37,1991.601.90High50.9369.3352.3644.72Singapore36,9450.301.80High58.7356.3937.4163.55Slovenia93,2973.003.60High43.3163.9351.7058.77SouthAfrica33,5163.706.20Low37.6639.6158.2348.79Spain0.202.30High55.9155.9335.0258.28SriLanka2,5631.305.20Lowermiddle33.1740.0453.4745.18Sweden55,9184.002.50Uppermiddle45.5160.0046.8671.02Switzerland0.700.90Low22.2729.4247.6469.92Thailand3,5332.002.90High76.4369.5339.9551.51Tunisia21,3001.802.90High52.7672.0941.9347.88Türkiye-0.900.80Uppermiddle44.0952.8747.5744.24Ukraine1,7130.401.80High56.0670.6752.4851.72UnitedArabEmirates108,733n.a.n.a.Lowermiddle35.0350.4747.7364.56UnitedKingdom0.502.10High74.9275.7862.8761.43UnitedRepublicofTanzania41,9930.801.80High80.3777.8649.8146.27UnitedStatesofAmerica13,2430.301.80Uppermiddle47.9455.6640.8464.60Uruguay41,229-0.901.00Lowermiddle35.5753.6449.9361.84Venezuela,BolivarianRepublicof3.504.70Uppermiddle40.0349.7444.8835.82VietNamn.a.-1.20-3.90Lowermiddle46.4464.7950.9956.92Yemen54,0850.802.90High57.5556.0838.8927.57Zimbabwe73,142-0.201.30High68.4572.2453.9934.9718,3722.205.80Lowermiddle33.0839.4954.6210,8231.402.10High74.0970.6443.5552.7534,2170.701.20High42.7268.1940.7811,685n.a.n.a.Noclass.28.6042.4933.1172,6713.805.80Lowermiddle44.3556.2356.8746,428-3.60-5.40Low17.9822.1341.89-1.301.80Lowermiddle29.7235.2256.212,93765,68823,6766,52311,6691,6772,246World19,0920.911.86-45.2055.9146.83SourceWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024;GDPdatabasedonInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)WorldEconomicOutlook,October2023.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024172.2ResultsbypillarInnovativenessincreasetheircapacitytoadoptandproducenewtechnologiesandinnovativebusinessmodels,TheglobalInnovativenesspillaraverageis45.2,themoretheycanachievehigherstandardsofyetwithlargeoutcomedifferencesacrosscountryliving.Atthesametime,athigherlevelsofincome,incomegroups.High-incomeeconomies’averagecountriestendtofurtherspecializeintechnologicallyscore(59.4)ismorethantwicethatoflow-incomeadvancedsectorsandvaluechains,thusimprovingeconomies(26.8),andabout50%higherthanthattheircapacityforinnovationevenmore.Inlow-andofupper-middleincomeones(39.3),revealinganmiddle-incomecountrieshigherinnovativenessincreasinginnovation-alignmentofcountries’growthisalsoassociatedwithhighergrowthrates.trajectoriesastheyincreasetheirGDPpercapita.Ascountriesarecatchingupwithadvancedeconomies,greaterinnovativenessleadstogreaterThisresultisinlinewitheconomictheory,wherebycapacitytoabsorbtechnologiesanddevelopcapacitytoinnovateimproveswitheconomiccapabilities,whichinturncontributestoattainingdevelopmentinvirtuouscycles.Themorecountrieshighergrowthrates.FIGURE5InnovativenesspillarIncomegroupGDPpercapitaAverageGDPpercapitaAverageGDPgrowth,%InnovativenessscoreTop2InnovativenesschallengesHighPPP,2023growth,%(2018-2023)(2018-2023)Uppermiddle59.4Lowermiddle52,4751.011.3839.31.InsufﬁcientR&D2.TalentavailabilityLow34.91.Researchcapacity2.ICTcapitalandconnectivity17,9001.322.1826.81.Technologyabsorption2.ICTcapitalandconnectivity1.Technologyabsorption2.ICTcapitalandconnectivity7,6331.953.051,5330.223.10LowergrowthHighergrowth3.501.75NoteSourceGroupvaluesforGDPandpillarscoresarebasedoncountriescoveredbytheWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024;GDPFutureofGrowthReport2024.databasedonIMFWorldEconomicOutlook,October2023.Digitalizationratesacrossadvancedanddevelopingcountries,thereisariskthatthesedevelopingeconomiesaredivergingratherthantechnologiesbecomeobsolete.Newapplicationsconverging,leadingtopersistenteconomicrequireincreasinglylargerinternetbandwidth,stabledividesandmissedopportunitiesforinnovationinternetconnectionsandfasterprocessingpower.In2022,morethanhalfofthepopulationinmanyDigitalizationisoneofthemainreasonswhySub-SaharanAfricaneconomies,andbetween30developingeconomies’Innovativenessscores,onand40%insomeLatinAmericaneconomies,wasaverage,lagthoseofadvancedeconomies.Trendnotcoveredbyanabove-3G-technologysignal–analysisshowsthatthespeedatwhichdevelopingandthisdatamayunder-statetheactualcoveragecountriesadoptdigitaltechnologiesisslowerthanrequiredtorunadvancedapplications.thatatwhichadvancedeconomiesimprovetheirdigitalcapabilities.Gapsindigitalcapabilities–Thishasimportantimplicationsforthefutureofincludingcomputerhardwareandequipment,growthindevelopingeconomies.Inthecurrenttelecommunicationequipment,andcomputergeopoliticalcontext,withlimitedspaceforfurthersoftwareandservices–thusenlargeratherthanmerchandisetradegrowth,importantfuturereduceexistingdivergences(Figure6).developmentopportunitieswilllikelypassthroughtradeinservices.23LowlevelsofconnectivityThefastdiffusionofcellularphonesanddigitalizationlimitthepossibilityofcountriestoapplicationsobservedinmostdevelopingandparticipateinnewdigitalglobalvaluechains.emergingeconomiesinthepasttwodecadesTheglobalshareofemploymentinserviceshassuggestedthepossibilityoftechnology-drivenincreasedfrom35%toabout51%overthepast30“leapfrogging”traditionaldevelopmentpathways.years.24High-valueaddedservicesareimportantAnecdotalevidenceshowsthatwhilee-bankingtoparticipateinmanufacturingvaluechains.Forandotherapplicationshavegreatlybenefittedinstance,acrossOECDcountries,digital-intensiveinclusionofpeopleintotheeconomiesofservicesvalueaddedembodiedinmanufacturingTheFutureofGrowthReport202418FIGURE6Thewideningdigitaldivide25002000ICTcapitalperperson,USD150010005000200520102015202020222000YearLow&middleincomeHighincomeSourceNoteAuthors'calculation,basedonTheConferenceBoard,HighincomeandLow&middleincomevaluesincludethe43highincomeandthe64lowandTotalEconomyDatabase.middleincomecountriescoveredbythisreport,respectively.ICTcapitalconsistsofcomputerhardwareandequipment,telecommunicationequipmentandcomputersoftwareservices.FIGURE7Businessleaders’viewsontalentavailabilityDigitaltransformationtalentTalentavailability1.0%ofrespondentswho0.8answered5,6or70.60.40.2Datanotavailable02016202320162023Low&middleincomeHigh-incomeSourceNoteWorldEconomicForum,ExecutiveOpinionSurvey,HighincomeandLow&middleincomevaluesincludethe43high-incomeandthe64lowand2016and2023editions.middleincomecountriescoveredbythisreport,respectively.Talentavailabiltycorrespondstothequestion:'Inyourcountry,towhatextentcancompaniesﬁndpeoplewiththeskillsrequiredtoﬁlltheirvacanciesinthelocallabourmarket?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]';Digitaltransformationtalentcorrespondstothequestion:'Inyourcountry,towhatextentistheworkforceproﬁcientintechnologyskills;[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]'.Datafordigitaltransformationtalentwasonlycollectedin2023.TheFutureofGrowthReport202419exportsrepresentabout24%ofmanufacturingReskilling,on-the-job-training,andinvestmentsexportvalue.25Asof2022,exportofadvancedineducationarecertainlyanimportantpartoftheservicesrepresentsonly3%ofGDPofdevelopingsolution.Yetanotheropportunitymightcomefromeconomies,whileinadvancedeconomies,theyaregreateropennesstotradeindigitallydeliveredalmostat6%ofGDP.Enhancingconnectivityandservicesfromothergeographies,wheredigitaldevelopinggloballycompetitivetalentfordigitalskillsareontherise.Indevelopingeconomies,servicesareimportantdriversformoreinnovation-incontrasttohigh-incomeeconomytrends,alignedgrowthpathwaysindevelopingeconomies.thepercentageofbusinessleadersexpressingconfidenceinfindingskilledemployeesincreasedInhigh-incomeeconomies,talentavailabilityisfrom41%in2016toover50%thisyear,whileaanincreasingbottlenecktofurtheradvancingcomparableshare(54%)ofbusinessleadersininnovativeness,whileopeninganopportunityforemerginganddevelopingeconomiesexpressestradeinservicesfromdevelopingeconomiespositiveviewsregardingtheavailabilityoftalentneededfordigitaltransformation.Businessleaders’viewscollectedthroughtheWorldEconomicForum’sExecutiveOpinionSurvey(EOS)Thesetrendsrevealthatdevelopingeconomiescouldrevealthatmorethanhalfofcompaniesinhigh-offerincreasinglymatchingtalentforthegrowingincomeeconomiescannotfindpeoplewiththeskillsroleswheretalentisinsufficientinhigh-incomerequiredtofillvacanciesintheirrespectivedomesticeconomies.Challengessuchasdigitalinfrastructuremarkets.Thisisasharpincreasefrom2016,whenbottlenecks,regulatorybarriersoradaptationtojust38%ofbusinessleaderslamenteddifficultiestointernationalqualitystandardscurrentlyimpedefindadequatetalent.Atthesametime,almostthetalentindevelopingcountriestotakeadvantageofsameshare(55%)ofbusinessleadersinhigh-incomeopportunitiesinhigh-incomecountries.However,economiesreportthatcompaniescannotfindthetherecouldbeawin-winspaceinfacilitatingtradeintalentneededfordigitaltransformation.Thefuturedigitallydeliveredservicetrade,benefittingcountries’ofgrowthintheseeconomiesisthusonewhereinnovationecosysteminbothhigher-andlower-thereisnoshortageofemploymentopportunitiesforincomecountries,whileopeninganewpathwayforappropriatelyskilledworkers,butwhereemployersthefuturegrowthofdevelopingeconomies.mayfindashortageofreadilyavailabletalent.InclusivenessArtificialintelligence(AI)–despiteimportantconsequencesonjobre-organizationandpotentialTheglobalInclusivenesspillaraverageis55.9,replacementofsomepositions–willleadtothewithmarkedoutcomedifferencesacrosscountryemergenceofarangeofnewroles.Demandforincomegroups.High-incomeeconomies’averageotherrolessimilarlydrivenbytechnologyandinclusivegrowthscore(68.9)ismorethantwicedigitalizationsuchasE-CommerceSpecialists,thatoflow-incomeeconomies(30.0),andaboutDigitalTransformationSpecialists,andDigital50%higherthanthatoflower-middleincomeonesMarketingandStrategySpecialistswillincrease.26(44.8),highlightingastrongcorrelationbetweenFromaninnovationgrowthpointofview,anlevelsofper-capitaincomeandinclusionoutcomes.increasinglyimportantquestioniswheretofindtheUpper-middleincomeeconomies(54.8),ontalentneededinsomeofthesefast-growingrolesaverage,exhibitasomewhatstrongerinclusiveandavoidascenarioinwhichtalentavailabilitygrowthperformancecomparedtotheirshowingonbecomesabindingconstraintforeconomicdevelopmentandgrowth.FIGURE8InclusivenesspillarIncomegroupGDPpercapitaAverageGDPpercapitaAverageGDPgrowth,%InclusivenessscoreTop2InclusivenesschallengesHighPPP,2023growth,%(2018-2023)(2018-2023)Uppermiddle68.9Lowermiddle52,4751.011.3854.81.Wealthand2.EqualopportunitiesinLow44.8ﬁnancialinequalitytheworkplace17,9001.322.1830.01.Wealthand2.Equalopportunitiesin7,6331.953.05ﬁnancialinequalityresearchandpublicsector1,5330.223.101.Wealthand2.Accesstointernetandenergyﬁnancialinequality2.Accesstointernetandenergy1.Accesstowater,healthandfoodLowergrowthHighergrowth01.753.5SourceNoteWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024;GDPGroupvaluesforGDPandpillarscoresarebasedoncountriescoveredbythedatabasedonIMFWorldEconomicOutlook,October2023.FutureofGrowthReport2024.TheFutureofGrowthReport202420innovation,yetneverthelessperformwellbehindof-livingcrisispushedanestimated95millionmorehigh-incomeseconomies(Figure8).peopleinextremepovertywhiletherichest1%haveaccumulated$26trillioninnewwealth(Figure9).Forlow-incomecountries,fosteringinclusionislargelyrelatedtofiscalspaceandcapacityforInequalityineconomicoutcomesisstronglyinvestmentsininfrastructureandcomprehensiveconnectedtointergenerationalmobilityasansocialassistancepoliciesforvulnerableandindicatorofinequalityofopportunity:studiesfinddisadvantagedgroups,whichmayhelpbreakthatsocietieswhereopportunitiesareunequallythecycleofpovertyandfostergreaterequalityofdistributed,incomeinequalityexertsagreaterdragopportunity.However,beyondacertainlevelofper-onlong-termgrowthbyundermininghumancapitalcapitaincome,inclusionislessrelatedtoaccessdevelopmentandreinforcingpovertycycles.tobasichealth,energyorfood,anddistributionalorsocial-justiceelementsbecomemoreimportant.Conversely,humancapitaldevelopmentandIngeneralterms,thegrowth-equityrelationshippoliciesthatreduceeducationalinequalityandisnon-linearandcharacterizedbyacomplexfocusonlifelonglearning,reskillingandupskillingarrayoftrade-offsandsynergies.Researchareessentialforallowingworkerstoreachtheirsuggeststhatcountrieshaveabetterchanceatfullpotential31andunlockaccesstonewjobsandachievinginclusivegrowthwhenindividualsareopportunities.Theimpactofinequalitysurfacesbettereducated,tax-benefitsystemsaremorefromtheearlystagesofeducationandlimitsredistributive,andlabour-forceparticipationandeducationalopportunities,primarilyforchildrenofmultifactorproductivitygrowtharehigher.27Otherpoorsocioeconomicbackgrounds.Inthisregard,studiesalsopointtotheimportanceofequitablepoliciesthatfocusonearlychildhooddevelopmentaccesstofinance,28andinstitutionalfactorssuchasandboosteducationalattainmentandskillsofacountry’spoliticalsystem.29vulnerablegroupshavebeenshowntoyieldsignificanteconomicreturns.32,33Forexample,InequalityhasbeenontheriseinrecentyearsastudycommissionedbytheUnitedNationsforthefirsttimeindecadesandiscurrentlytheEducation,Scientific,andCulturalOrganizationmostevidentheadwindtomakinggrowthmore(UNESCO)foundthata0.1pointreductionintheinclusiveacrosseconomieseducationGinicoefficientwasassociatedwitha0.53percentage-pointincreaseintheannualrealToday,therichest10%oftheglobalpopulationper-capitaGDPgrowthof142countriesbetweenearn52%ofglobalincome,comparedto8.5%1965and2010.34forthepooresthalf.Globalwealthinequalitiesareevenmorepronounced,withthepooresthalfofAccesstolabour-marketopportunitiesremainstheglobalpopulationpossessingjust2%oftotalanimportantbottlenecktoinclusivegrowthwealth,whiletherichest10%own76%.30Thisisinmostcountries,particularlysoinhigh-andatrendthathasbeenongoingfordecades,anduppermiddle-incomeeconomies.Accordingonlymademoreevidentbythe2020COVID-19toaEuropeanCommissiondefinition,labourpandemicfollowedbyrisinginflation,whenacost-marketsareinclusivewhen“everyoneofworkingFIGURE9Increasingwealthinequality,selectedcountriesShareofwealthownedbytop-10percentile1.00.710.790.800.660.720.740.750.560.570.590.650.530.540.550.50.450.250ItalyUnitedKingdomFranceIndiaUnitedStatesMexicoBrazil19952021SourceNoteWorldInequalityDatabase.Shareofnetwealthownedbythetop10percentileofthepopulationineachcountry.TheFutureofGrowthReport202421age,inparticularvulnerableanddisadvantagedeffects,suchasbolsteringfinancialresilienceofpeople,canparticipateinquality,paidwork.”35householdsandincreasingaggregatedemand,Variousgroups,suchaswomenandmigrants,andindirecteffects,suchasbuildinghumantendtobesystematicallyunder-representedincapitalandenhancingsocialcohesion.38thelabourforce,withlowinclusioninworkforcebeingassociatedwithonaveragehigherlevelsonWhilegenerallylessofanimmediateconcernininequality.Makinglabourmarketsmoreinclusive,higher-incomecountries,accesstobasicservicesandimprovingworkingconditionsandfindingansocialprotectionremainsakeylimitationtoinclusionappropriatebalancebetweenregulationandlabourinlower-incomeeconomies(Figure10).In47outofmarket-flexibilitycanhelpfosterbothequityandthe107countriescoveredbythereportlessthangrowth.Forexample,itisestimatedthatabout40%halfthepopulationhasaccesstosocialprotection.ofUSGDPgrowthbetween1960and2010canSocial-transferprogrammesareincreasinglydifficultbeattributedtoincreasedparticipationofwomentosecureamidtighterfiscalspace.Forexample,andpeopleofcolourinthelabourforce.36Yet,onlyduringthepandemic,high-incomecountriesspent28outofthe107countriescoveredbythereportabout93timesmorethanlow-incomecountriesonscoremorethan80forgenderparityinknowledgesocialprotectionresponses.39Inthesecountries,work,withnocountryattainingfullparity.economicdevelopmentremainsakeyaxisthroughwhichtoachievebetterinclusionoutcomes.InvestingAccesstobasicservicesandsocialprotectionintransport,energyandwaterinfrastructurebutalsoareessentialtoenhancinginclusioninhigh-inprogrammesthatstrengthensocialassistanceandlow-incomeeconomiesandincomesecurityaresynergisticinachievingbotheconomicgrowthandinclusioninthiscontext.SocialprotectionmechanismsanddistributionIndevelopedeconomies,socialprotectionsystemssystemsvaryindesignandimplementation,willneedupdatingandadaptingtoprepareforthebutwheretheyareused,inequalityislowerandsignificanttransformationsthatthedigitalandgreensomeoftherootcausesofpovertyandinequalityfocusesintheseeconomiesarelikelytobringtoareaddressed.37Thisincludesbothdirectlabourmarkets.FIGURE10Lackofsocialprotection,byincomelevel100AREKENQATRWAOMNIND75ShareofpopulationnotcoveredZAFbyanysocialprotectionﬂoors/systems,%50MEX25ESPUSA0JPNGBRDNKIRL0CHEGEODEUSGPLUX20kFRASWE100k120k40k60k80kGDPpercapita,PPPSourceNoteInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)andWorldBank,Datareferstoyear2021.CountriesrepresentedarethosecoveredbytheFutureofGrowthWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabase.Report2024.TheFutureofGrowthReport202422SustainabilityFormuchoftheworldmoregrowthislikelytocontinuetomeanmoreemissions(Figure12).OverhalfofglobalGDPismoderatelyorhighlyRecentevaluationsoftheturningpointatwhichdependentonnatureandnaturalresources.40increasesinGDPhavetippedthebalanceandTheglobalSustainabilitypillaraverageis46.8,enabledcountriestomovefromemission-intensivehighlightingalackofsufficientprogressonclimateearlygrowthmodelstoimplementingpoliciesthattargetsasmostcountriescontinuetogrowinwaysleadtoreductionsinemissionsareestimatedtothatarenotsustainable.Income-grouptrendsforbe$34,000percapita.Barringradicalchangesthispillardivergefromtheotherthreedimensionsininfrastructure,technologyandfunding,mostoftheFutureofGrowthFramework,withlow-moderatelydevelopedcountrieswillnotreachtheirincomeeconomies(52.7)andlower-middleincomeemissionspeakuntilaroundthemiddleofthe21steconomies(50.0)exhibiting,onaverage,strongercentury,andemissionrateswillnotreturntocurrentsustainability-alignedgrowthcomparedtotherestlevelsbeforetheendofthecentury,atwhichpointoftheworldduetolowerresourceusetodate,theworldwillhavefarexceededitscarbonbudget.offsettingweakerperformanceongreenfinanceDespiteshorttermtrade-offs,changeisvital.Onitsandtechnology.High-incomeeconomies(45.8)currenttrajectory,theworldissettoexperienceaandupper-middleincomeeconomies(44.0),by10%greaterglobaleconomiclossthanifthePariscontrast,partiallycompensateforhigheremissionsAgreement’sgoalsareachieved.42withastrongerperformanceonenvironmentaltechnology,providinggroundforhopethatapartialThegloballyweakperformanceonthedecouplingofenvironmentalimpactfromoutputSustainabilitypillaroftheFutureofGrowthgrowthmaybecomevisibleinthedata,enablingFrameworkreflectssystemicchallengesinstrongersustainability-alignedgrowthtrajectoriesinreducingtheenvironmentalfootprintofeconomicyearstocome(Figure11).activity.Goingforward,emissionsmustnotonlyleveloffbutbecomenegativeiftheworldInstitutionalcommitmentsareyettotranslateistoreachitsclimategoals.43Thisrequiresintosystemichardwiringofemissionreductionsdecouplingthatisglobalinscope,sustainedoverintothequalityoffuturegrowththelongterm,andaddressesawiderangeofpollutantsandresources.44Yetatpresent,casesHumanactivityhasalreadyincreasedglobalofsuccessfuldecouplingtendtobelimitedtotemperaturesby1.1°Candisontracktobreachadvancedeconomies,temporary,andconfinedtothe1.5°Ctargetinthenextfiveyears.41Whilespecificareasofenvironmentaldamage.45economicgrowthhasenabledasignificantimprovementingloballivingstandards,growthatGreenfinanceandtechnologyarethemissingtheexpenseoftheenvironmentisself-defeating.linksforthepathtosustainabilityThechallengeisparticularlyacutefordevelopingcountries,asmostlow-andlower-middleincomeWhiletheslowpaceofdecarbonizationandhigheconomiesfaceincreasingtrade-offsbetweenlevelsofwasteunderminetheperformanceofmostdevelopingmuch-neededindustrialcapacityhigh-andupper-middleincomeeconomies,acrossthatcanbolsteropportunityandincomefortheirallincomegroupstherearesuboptimallevelsofpopulationsandbalancingthatagainsttheirclimatefinanceessentialtodecarbonizationandenvironmentalfootprint.meetingnet-zerotargets.Investmentinrenewableenergy,inparticular,isacriticalavenuetobridgetheenergygapandlimittheenvironmentalimpactsFIGURE11SustainabilitypillarIncomegroupGDPpercapitaAverageGDPpercapitaAverageGDPgrowth,%SustainabilityscoreTop2SustainabilitychallengesHighPPP,2023growth,%(2018-2023)(2018-2023)Uppermiddle45.8Lowermiddle52,4751.011.3844.01.Highnon-renewableenergy2.Slowgreen-techdevelopmentLow50.0intensityandwasteproduction2.Investmentsinrenewables17,9001.322.1852.72.Investmentsinrenewables1.Highnon-renewableenergy2.Limitedenvironmentalregulation7,6331.953.05intensityandwasteproduction1,5330.223.101.Highnon-renewableenergyintensityandwasteproduction1.InvestmentsinrenewablesLowergrowthHighergrowth01.753.5SourceNoteWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024;GDPGroupvaluesforGDPandpillarscoresarebasedoncountriescoveredbythedatabasedonIMFWorldEconomicOutlook,October2023.FutureofGrowthReport2024.TheFutureofGrowthReport202423FIGURE12GlobalGDPandemissionsGDP(trillionUSD)9090GHGemissions(billiontons)85858019861991199620012006201120168075Year75707065656060555550504545404035353030252520211981GDPGHGemissionSourceNoteOurWorldinDataandWorldBank,GreenhousegasemissionsareexpressedinbilliontonsofCO²equivalent.GDPisexpressedWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabase.inUSDtrillionsinconstant(2015)terms.offuturegrowth.However,thelevelofrenewableTechnologicaldevelopmentisasecondfactorlimitingenergyinvestmentsremainsinsufficientacrossmostcountriesfromhardwiringenvironmentalsustainabilityoftheworldandiscloselyrelatedtothelaggingintotheireconomicsystems.AccordingtoarecentprogressonthediversificationoftheenergymixInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)study,48almosthalfandreductionofCO2emissions.Eighty-sevenoutoftheemissionssavingsbetween2020and2050inofthe107countriescoveredbythereportscoreahypotheticalnet-zeroscenarioshouldcomefromlessthan50onthismeasure.technologiescurrentlyunderdevelopmentandnotyetonthemarket.Yet,greentechnologiesarebeingInmanycases,greenfinanceiseithernotdevelopedandadoptedatamuchslowerpaceavailableorinvestmentsinrenewableenergythanisneededtoachieveglobalclimatetargetsandfallshortofwhatitwouldtaketoputtheplanetacceleratethegreentransition.Progressisbeingonasustainabletrajectory:inpercapitaterms,stalledbyhighconcentrationofgreeninnovationinrenewableinvestmentsinhigh-incomecountriesasmallnumberofinnovationpowerhousesaswellareapproximatelyfourtimeshighercomparedtoasbytheslowcatch-upprocessintherestofthelower-incomecountries,despitetherapidlygrowingworld.Themuch-neededdiffusionofenvironment-populationsandenergyneedsofthelattergroup.relatedtechnologies–suchasairpollutioncontrol,Whilerenewableinvestmentshavenearlytripledwastemanagement,watersupplyandsanitation,sincetheParisAgreementwasadoptedin2015,energystorageanddistribution,andlandandwaterthemajorityofthisfundingwenttoadvancedprotection–isstillinsufficienttomakeadentataeconomies(Figure13).46Developingcountriesgloballevel.onlyattracted$544billionannualinvestmentinrenewableenergyin2021,outofarequired$1.7Higherriskprofilesofdevelopingcountriesincreasetrillion,andover30developingcountrieshaven’tthecostofcapitalandlimittheirabilitytoattractregisteredasinglelargeinternationalrenewablesinvestmentsintogreentransition.However,effectiveinvestmentproject.Achievingnet-zeroby2050collaborationbetweeninternationalinvestors,publicrequirescurrentannualinvestmentincleanenergyentitiesandmultilateralbankscanreducethesetomorethantripleto$4trillionby2030.47barriersbyloweringthespreadsondebtfinancebyasmuchas40%.49TheFutureofGrowthReport202424FIGURE13Renewableinvestment,byrenewableenergyregulation100CHLDNKDEUUKRFRAINDRenewableenergyregulationindex,0-10075ITAVNMLAOSWEAREJORUSA50AGO25VEN000.511.522.533.5Investmentinrenewableenergy,%GDPIncomegroupLowincomeLowermiddleincomeUppermiddleincomeHighincomeNoclassiﬁcationSourceNoteAuthors’calculationsbasedonBloombergNewEnergyDatareferstoyear2021.Renewableenergyregulationindexincludes:a)LegalframeworkforFinanceandTheWorldBank,RegulatoryIndicatorsforrenewableenergy;b)Incentivesandregulatorysupportforrenewableenergy;c)PlanningforSustainableEnergy(RISE)database.renewableenergyexpansion;d)Attributesofﬁnancialandregulatoryincentives;e)Networkconnectionanduse;f)Carbonpricingandmonitoring;g)Counterpartyrisk.Investmentsinrenewableenergyincludenewlybuiltwind(onshoreandoffshore),solar(largeandsmallscale),biofuels,biomassandwaste,marine,geothermal,andhydroassets.Itdoesnotconsiderretroﬁts,orprivateﬁnancing.Resiliencevolatilityofglobalhealthshocks,thefragilityofresiliencestrategiesthatarenationallyfocusedTheglobalResiliencepillaraverageis52.8,withisbecomingincreasinglyapparent.Yet,nationalmoremoderateoutcomedifferencesacrosscountryforcesaretrendingtowardsprotectionismandincomegroupscomparedtotheInnovationandisolationismandamoremultipolarworldorderisInclusionpillars.High-incomecountriesexhibitlimitingcooperation.thestrongestresilientgrowthperformance(61.9),followedbyupper-middleincomecountries(50.0)Theallureofself-sufficiencyisundeniable.Itandlower-middleincomecountries(45.8)inrelativeholdsouttheprospectofcontrolinaworldthatproximity.Low-incomecountriesshowtheleastoftenseemsuncontrollable.Thisinwardpivothasresilientgrowth(39.0)(Figure14).beenchampionedasaformofresilience,awaytoreducedependenceonforeignentitiesandAninward-lookingapproachtoproductionofbolsterdomesticcapabilities.Itisanarrativethatgoodsandservicesisinsufficientforpreparingresonateswithmanybutdoesnotwithstandcloserforglobalshocks,butlocalizedeffortsareexamination.Majorcrises,bytheirverynature,stillessentialforboostingfinancialsystemareglobalphenomena.Theirimpactsreverberateresilienceacrossborders,andnoamountofisolationcanshieldacountryfromtheireffects.Instead,trueAstheworldgrappleswiththeenormityofglobalresilienceisfrequentlyaresultofdiversity,opennesschallengessuchasclimatechange,peaceandandflexibility(Figure15).security,financialandeconomicstability,andtheTheFutureofGrowthReport202425FIGURE14ResiliencepillarIncomegroupGDPpercapitaAverageGDPpercapitaAverageGDPgrowth,%ResiliencescoreTop2ResiliencechallengesHighPPP,2023growth,%(2018-2023)(2018-2023)Uppermiddle61.9Lowermiddle52,4751.011.3850.01.Talentdevelopment2.FinancialstabilityLow45.81.Healthcarecapacity2.Financialstability17,9001.322.1839.01.Healthcarecapacity2.Financialstability1.Healthcarecapacity2.Energysourcesdiversiﬁcation7,6331.953.051,5330.223.10LowergrowthHighergrowth3.501.75NoteSourceGroupvaluesforGDPandpillarscoresarebasedoncountriescoveredbytheWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024;GDPFutureofGrowthReport2024.databasedonIMFWorldEconomicOutlook,October2023.FIGURE15Bouncingbackbetter45-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change3210-1199019952000200520102015202020231985YearOpenClosedSourceNoteAuthors'calculationsbasedonGDPdatafromIMFWorldOpennesscalculatedastopandbottom20countrieswiththehighestaverageofindicatorswithEconomicOutlook,October2023.aninternationaloroutward-lookingcomponent(Energysourcediversiﬁcation,Foodsupplyconcentration,Commoditysupplyconcentration,Exportproductconcentration,hiringforeignlabour,Technologysupplyconcentration).InthecontextoftheproductionofgoodsandHowever,interconnectednesscanalsoreduceservices,thistranslatesintosecuringadiversityresilienceifunderlyingriskfactorsarenotmitigated.ofsuppliers,opennessoflogisticsnetworksTheglobalfinancialsystemremainsvulnerabletoandflexibilityofproductionmethods.Robustcascadingcontagion,particularlyinanenvironmentinternationalvaluechainsandvibranttradeofhigherinflation,higherinterestratesandelevatednetworksareeffectivemeansofincreasingnationaldebtlevels.Amongthetop30countriesglobalandnationalresilience.Consequently,thewiththehighestresilientgrowthscores,bankingcountrieswiththehighestresiliencescoresoverallsystemdefaultriskandbankconcentrationarealsoscoreconsistentlyhigheronallmeasuresamongtheweakestindicators.Inmorethanhalfofdiversification.Inthecontextofglobalthreatsofthecountriesexaminedinthisreportthethreesuchasclimatechangeandfuturepandemics,largestcommercialbanksownedmorethancountriesneedtobepreparedtoshareresources,two-thirdsoftotalcommercialbankingassets.knowledge,andtechnology.AddressingsocialpolarizationandfosteringsocialTheFutureofGrowthReport202426cohesionisalsobecomingcrucialforenhancingtheleastresilientcountries,pointingtowardsageneralresilienceaspectofthequalityoffuturegrowth.needforinvestmentinhealthcare.AgeingsocietiesalsofaceskillsgapsinthelabourmarketthatcannotMosteconomiesareinsufficientlypreparingforbefilledthroughtraditionalmeansofeducation.oncomingdemographicchangeJobvacanciesaccumulateduetoalackofyoungworkersinthelabourforce,leavingcountriesResilienteconomiesdonotmerelybouncebackwithonlytwowaystobridgethegaps:reskillingfromshocksquickly,theyalsoactivelypreparetodomesticworkersoropeninguptoattractforeignpreventthem.Demographicchangeisaffectingtalent.Mostcountriesarefallingshortonboth.high-,middle-andlow-incomeeconomies,witheachgroupinsufficientlyprepared(Figure16).Participationinmid-careertrainingreceivesthelowestscoresamongallresilienceindicators–forTheageingofpopulationsisanimmediaterealitythemostandtheleastresilientcountriesalike.Theinmanycountries.High-incomecountriesaccountnumberofpeopleengagedinmid-careertrainingfor33ofthetop40countrieswiththehighestageexceeds10%inonly15countries,suggestingdependencyratios.Thisexertspressureonsocialthatthevastmajorityofcountriesismissingtheandhealthcaresystems,disruptslabourmarkets,opportunitytopreparefordemographicandandforceseducationsystemstoadaptquickly.Thetechnologicalchange.Furthermore,executivesdoneedforcountriestoprepareforthisdemographicnotthinkthattheircountriesaresufficientlyabletoshiftisurgent,andthepathtoreadinessneedsfillvacanciesbyattractingforeigntalent:only11tobepavedwithinvestmentinkeysectors–andcountriesscorerelativelyhighonthisindicator.theinfrastructureandtalentneededforthosesectors.IncountrieswithhighsharesofveryyoungTonavigatetheshiftingdemographiclandscape,populations,therearesimilarpressures.countrieswillneedtoembracemorestrategicopenness,morelocalizedinvestmentandaThescarcityofhospitalbedsalreadyranksamongproactiveapproachtofuturechallenges.thetopthreemost-constrainedindicatorsinboththemostandleastresilientcountries.AshortageofhealthcareworkersisofequallyhighconcernintheFIGURE16Old-agedependencyratios3025Averageagedependencyratio201510501965197019751980198519901995200020052010201520221960YearLow&middleincomeHighincomeSourceNoteAuthors'calculationsbasedonWorldBank,Datareferstoold-agedependencyratio,whichisthenumberofpeople65+years-olddividedbyWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabase.thenumberofpeople15-64yearsold.HighincomeandLow&middleincomevaluesincludethe43highincomeandthe64lowandmiddleincomecountriescoveredbythisreport,respectively.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024272.3GrowthPathwayArchetypesOverviewofapproachtheimpactofpolicychoicesofthepastresultingintheseoutcomesandpotentiallysimilarfutureWhileeverycountryhasauniquegrowthpathwaytrade-offsandsynergieswithinthesearchetypes.shapedbyawiderangeofcircumstantialPolicy-makersmayfindnewinspirationbylearningfactors,theFutureofGrowthFrameworkhelpsfromcountriesthathavefacedsimilarconstraintsasidentifyclustersofcountrieswithsimilargrowthwellasbyidentifyingthosethathavefollowedothercharacteristics.Ouranalysisidentifies12countryapproaches.Whilethesearchetypesexhibitsimilarclusters,whichcanbefurthergroupedintosevenhigh-levelpatterns,theyconsistofcountriesthatdistinct“GrowthPathwayArchetypes”(Figure17).50reflectthesepatternswithuniquedistinctions.ThesearchetypeshighlightcountriesthataremostAppendixA5providesmethodologicaldetailsonthecloselyrelatedintheirgrowthcharacteristics,clusteranalysisunderlyinghowthesearchetypeswereidentified.FIGURE17GrowthPathwayArchetypes+30+25+20+15+10MeanPillarValue+50-5-10-15-20-25-30ABCDEFGArchetypesInnovativenessInclusivenessSustainabilityResilienceSourceWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024.TheFutureofGrowthReport202428Sevenarchetypesof0.7%overthepastfiveyears.Thearchetype’sprofilesuggestsastrongpushtowardsgreaterThissectionpresentsthesevenarchetypesinclusivenessandinnovativeness,aswellasintroducedabove,highlightingthedistinctivetowardsbuildingresilience,yetwhilesustainabilityfeaturesineachofthem,andmarkingoutpolicyperformanceisabovetheglobalaverage,thereischoicesaroundsynergiesandtrade-offsbetweenroomforfurtherprogress.thescaleofgrowthanditsquality.Insomecases,archetypesmaybefurtherdifferentiatedintoOntheInclusivenesspillar,countriesrepresentedtwoormoredistinctsub-types–which,whilebythisarchetypetendtoscoreveryhighondistinguishablefromeachotherbydivergentmeasuresofsocialprotection,accesstophysicalgrowthratesoradditionalcharacteristicfeatures,resources,andinclusioninpoliticalandpublicneverthelessfollowthesamedistinctiveoverallspaces.However,highwealthandincomepattern.inequalityremainsakeychallengeacrossmanyofthesecountries,coupledwithweakperformanceonTheseGrowthPathwayArchetypesshouldgenderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations.notbethoughtofasclosedgroupswithexactForexample,whileFinlandreceivesaperfectscoreboundaries;rather,theyrepresentanintuitiveonaccesstosocialprotection,itscoresnotablyapproachtospotlightingrelevantcommongrowthworseonwealthinequality.experiencesamonggroupsofcountries.Noteverycountryfitsperfectlyintoonesinglearchetype.CountriesrepresentedbythisarchetypearestrongMoreover,thesearchetypesarenotmeanttobeperformersontheInnovativenesspillar,drivendeterministicbutratherseektocapturepatternsbyhighscoresonmeasuresofhumancapital,fromcurrentdata,thusreflectingtheoutcomesofphysicalresources,financingandtheknowledgepastpolicychoices.Countriesmayshapenewandandtechnologyecosystem.Thearchetypedifferentpathwaysinthefuturebyadoptingnewtypicallyfeatureshigheducation,highICTcapital,policychoicesgoingforward.andahighproportionofmediumandhigh-techmanufacturingintheeconomy.ThefinancialArchetypeAecosysteminthesecountriesischaracterizedbyCountrieswithgrowthdrivenbyaahighproportionofdigitalpayments,andstrongfocusonfosteringbothinclusionperformanceondomesticcredittotheprivateandinnovation,aswellassector.However,thereremainswidevariationexhibitingabove-averageamongthecountriesoncertainelements.performanceonsustainabilityThearchetype’scomparativelyweakerperformanceGDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:0.7%ontheSustainabilitypillar(54.1)isdrivenbylowGrowthPathwayProﬁleperformanceonannualgreenhousegas(GHGs)emissionspercapita,wasteperpersonperyear,Growth:andrenewableenergyconsumptionasaproportionInnovativeness:oftotalenergyconsumption.Moreover,investmentInclusiveness:inrenewableenergyandtalentavailabilityfortheSustainability:greenandenergytransitionleavesignificantroomResilience:forimprovement.ArchetypeAischaracteristicofagroupofThearchetypealsoregistersarelativelystronghigh-incomeeconomies–Austria,Switzerland,performanceontheResiliencepillar(66.7).KeyGermany,Denmark,Finland,France,UnitedelementswhichhelpbuildresiliencetoshocksinKingdom,NetherlandsandSwedenfromEurope,thesecountriestendtoincludestrongperformancealongsideJapanandRepublicofKoreafromEastoncountrycreditrating,exportproductAsia–andnotableforitsstrongperformanceonconcentration,andhighlevelsofcybersecurity.theInclusiveness(74.1),Innovativeness(70.6),ThesecountriesalsotendtohaverelativelyandResilience(66.7)pillars.Thearchetype’sscorehighnumbersofhealthworkersper10,000onSustainability(54.1)isnotablyweakerthanthepeople.Furthermore,ataninstitutionallevel,theyperformanceacrosstheotherpillars,anditisalsodemonstratestrongperformanceonenvironmentalcharacterizedbymoderateGDPper-capitagrowthtreatiesandstatelegitimacy.However,therearesignificantareaswhichdisplayweakperformance,includingold-agedependencyandparticipationinmid-careertrainingforthe25-54yearage-group.TheFutureofGrowthReport202429ArchetypeBbedsperperson,participationinmid-careertrainingCountrieswithgrowthdrivenbyaforthe25-54yearage-group,banksystemdefaultfocusonfosteringbothinclusionriskandbankconcentration.andinnovation,albeitwithcomparativelylowperformanceArchetypeBischaracterizedbyacomparativelyonsustainabilityweakperformanceontheSustainabilitypillar(41.5),scoringwellbelowtheglobalaverage(46.8).GDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:0.7%KeymeasurescontributingtothisincludepoorGrowthPathwayProﬁleperformanceonannualGHGemissionspercapita,totalwastepercapitaperyear,renewableenergyGrowth:consumption,fossil-fuelsubsidiespercapitaandInnovativeness:investmentinrenewableenergy.Inclusiveness:Sustainability:ArchetypeCResilience:Countrieswithmoderatebutbalancedgrowthprofiles,aswellArchetypeBischaracterizedbystrongperformanceasabove-averageperformanceonontheInclusiveness(74.1),Innovativeness(65.6)inclusivenessandResilience(65.7)pillars,scoringabovetheglobalaveragesforthesedimensions,alongwithGDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:1.8%moderateGDPpercapitagrowthof0.7%overtheGrowthPathwayProﬁlepastfiveyears.However,thearchetypeperformsmarkedlyweakerontheSustainabilitypillar(41.5)Growth:–scoringbelowtheglobalaverage–differentiatingInnovativeness:itfromthepatternobservedinArchetypeA.Inclusiveness:CountriescharacterizedbythisarchetypeincludeSustainability:Australia,Belgium,Canada,Czechia,Estonia,Resilience:Iceland,Luxembourg,NewZealand,SingaporeandtheUnitedStates.ArchetypeCrepresentscountriesspanningabroadrangeofgeographiesandincomegroupsOnInclusiveness,thesecountriesoutperformthethatexhibitamoderatebutcharacteristicallyglobalaverageandtendtoscorehighonmeasuresbalancedgrowthprofileacrosstheboard.Theyofsocialprotection,accesstophysicalresources,generallyperforminlinewithglobalaveragesandinclusioninpublicspacesandcivilrights.acrosstheframeworkbutstandoutforhigher-than-However,wealthandincomeinequalityremainaverageinclusiveness.Countriesrepresentedbykeychallengeacrossmanyofthesecountries.thisarchetype–whichincludeChile,CostaRica,Forinstance,SingaporeachievesfullscoreonGreece,Hungary,Italy,Latvia,Poland,Portugal,socialprotectionbutfaresnotablyworseonwealthRomania,Ukraine,SpainandVietNam–arealsoinequalityandongenderparityinknowledge-characterizedbyacceleratedGDPper-capitaintensiveoccupations.Australia,however,isagrowth,averaging1.8%overthepastfiveyears.notableexceptioninthearchetypeongenderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations,withastrongperformanceof93.1.ThisarchetypeexhibitsastrongperformanceonArchetypeCplacesjustabovetheglobalaverageinnovativeness,drivenbystrongperformanceonontheInnovativenesspillar(48.5).Whilescoresmeasuresinthephysicalresources,knowledgearemixedacrosstheboard,thereisanotableandtechnology,andfinancialecosystems.distinctionbyincomegrouponknowledgeandThearchetypealsotendstofeaturestrongtechnologyindicators.Moreadvancedeconomies–performanceonmobilenetworkcoverage,ICTespeciallyItaly,SpainandPortugal–scorerelativelycapital,digitalpayments,proportionofmediumwell,whilescoresontheseindicatorslowerthepillarandhigh-techmanufacturingvalueaddedtotheperformanceoflower-incomeeconomies.Similarly,totalmanufacturingvalueadded,andregulatorythisarchetype’sInclusivenesspillarscore(65.9)quality.Thereishoweversignificantvariationamongrisesabovetheglobalaverage,withsignificantcountriesandareasforimprovement,forinstance,differencesinwhatdrivesperformance.InmanyonR&Dexpenditure,whereBelgiumscores69.1cases,however,highlevelsofwealthinequalitydragwhileCanadascores33.9.downcountries’performanceonthispillar.OnResilience,thisarchetypealsofeaturesastrongCountriesrepresentedbythisarchetypescoreperformanceof65.7.CountriescharacterizedbycomparativelywellontheSustainabilitypillar(50.5).thisarchetypetendtoperformwellonmeasuresofThisperformanceisdrivenbymanyfactors.Inenergysourcediversification,cybersecurity,countrygeneral,thesecountrieshavestronginstitutionalcreditratingandruleoflaw.However,therearesupportforsustainabilityandrelativelylowfossilfuelsignificantareasforimprovement,includinghospitalsubsidies.ThisisespeciallythecaseforPortugal,TheFutureofGrowthReport202430whichscores83.8and83.1onenergyefficiencythearchetype’sfirstsub-type(0.9%),characteristicandrenewableenergyregulation,respectively.ofcountriesincludingCyprus,Malta,Mauritius,ThereisasignificantvarianceinphysicalresourceMalaysia,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia,Slovenia,scores.Ingeneral,lower-incomecountrieswithlessThailand,theUnitedArabEmiratesandUruguay.resource-intensiveeconomiesscorehigher.Bothsub-typesshowabove-world-averageResilienceperformanceamongthisgroup(57.7)isperformanceontheInnovativenesspillar(52.0andsomewhatabovetheglobalaverage,indicatinga47.9,respectively),albeitwithsignificantvariationinrobustabilitytobouncebackfromshocks.Inmanycountryscores.Ingeneral,countriesrepresentedcases,thisreflectsrelativelystrongperformanceonbythisarchetypearemarkedbyhighscoresondiversification,includingfood-supplyconcentration,education,ICTcapital,mobilenetworkcoverage,energy-sourcediversification,andcommoditysupplyandinstitutionalecosystem.Arelativelystrongerconcentration.Manylower-incomecountriesalsoperformanceofthefirstclusterisbuoyedbyhigherfarewellonwaterusecomparedtotheirhigher-availabilityoftalentinthesecounties,highaccessincomecounterparts.Incomparison,higher-incometofinanceanddigitalpayments,andrelativelymorecountriesinthisgroupstandoutonelementsofdevelopedtechnologyecosystem.Thefinancialandthehumancapitalecosystem,especiallyregardingtechnologydimensionshaveasignificantimpactonhealthworkers,withSpainandPortugalscoringperformanceofthesecondcluster,whichismarked83.5and100,respectively.bywidevariationinscores–forinstanceondigitalpayments(47to98),trademarkapplications(3.9toArchetypeD58.6),exportsofadvancedservices(20.7to100),Countrieswithcomparativelyhighmedium-andhigh-techmanufacturing(12.5togrowthintransitiontoamore83.5),andknowledge-intensiveemployment(17.5innovative,inclusiveandresilientto66.7).ThelevelsofR&Dexpenditures(17.9),growthtrajectorypatentapplications(0.5)andscientificpublications(27.7)remainlowacrossbothclusters,suggestingthereisspacetobolsterinnovationcapacityofthesecountries.Sub-typeD1ThisarchetypeisalsocharacterizedbystrongGDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:0.9%performanceontheInclusivenesspillar,withnoGrowthPathwayProﬁlecountryscoringbelow50.Thisismainlydrivenbyhighaccesstobasicservicessuchasfood,water,Growth:transport,electricityandICT.ThefinancialdimensionInnovativeness:inthesecountriesisrelativelyweaker,withnotableInclusiveness:gapsinaccesstobankandsavingsaccounts.Sustainability:NotablevariationsarealsovisibleinperformanceonResilience:themeasuresoftalentandinstitutionalecosystems,reflectingstructuraldifferencesinsocio-economicSub-typeD2models.Forinstance,economiesinEuropeandGDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:4.8%CentralAsia–includingBulgaria,Malta,andGrowthPathwayProﬁleSlovenia–scoremarkedlyhigheronaccesstosocialprotection,universalhealthcoverage,civilGrowth:rights,genderparity,inclusioninpublicspaceandInnovativeness:budgetpluralism.AlthoughbothclustersscoreInclusiveness:slightlyaboveworldaverageonwealthandincomeSustainability:inequality,thereissignificantroomforimprovement.Resilience:TheSustainabilitypillarperformanceofcountriesArchetypeDiscomprisedoftwosub-types,characterizedbythisarchetypeisrelativelylow.characterizedbyabove-averageperformanceMeasuresofresourcesuse–suchaswaste,waterontheInnovativeness,Inclusivenessandwithdrawalandagriculturaldamage–impacttheResiliencepillars,andnotablylowerscoresonsustainabilityperformanceofbothsub-types.theSustainabilitypillar.Ingeneral,thearchetypeThefirstsub-typeincludesanumberofcountriesfeaturescountrieswithstrongeconomic-suchasQatar,SaudiArabiaandtheUnitedfundamentalsatdifferentstagesoftransitionArabEmirates-thathavetraditionallyfollowedatowardsmoreinnovative,inclusive,andresilientresource-intensivegrowthpathway.However,highgrowthmodels.Countriesinthesecondsub-typelevelsofinvestmentinrenewablesinsomeofthese–Armenia,Bulgaria,Georgia,IrelandandSerbiatraditionallyfossil-fuel-intensiveeconomies,suchas–arecharacterizedbyparticularlystrongGDPtheUnitedArabEmirates(46.3),revealsthatthereper-capitagrowthrates,averaging4.8%overthemightbenascentopportunitiesfortransformationofpastfiveyears.Growthratesaremoremodestforgrowthmodelsinthefuture.OntheResiliencepillar,countriesfeaturedinthisarchetypescoreslightlyabovetheworldaverage.Ingeneral,countriescharacterizedbythisarchetypeTheFutureofGrowthReport202431showstronginfrastructureperformance,includingperformancevarianceamongcountriesacrossonmeasureslikewateravailability,densityoffinance,physicalresourcesandhumancapital,healthworkersandhospitalbeds.Ontheotherhighlightingrelativepointsofstrengthforcountrieshand,highconcentrationoffoodandtechnologyinthisgroup.Amongindicatorsmeasuringhumansupply,aswellasexports,areamongthemaincapitalinputs,forexample,Bahrainscoresabovebottlenecks.Thearchetypeisalsomarkedbyhigh65fortalentavailabilityandtechnologytalentvariationincountryperformanceacrossdifferentspecifically,whileMongoliaandKazakhstaneachmeasuresoftalent,financialandinstitutionalscoreover65foreducationattainment.resilience.Forexample,whileold-agedependencyandlimitedinvestmentsinreskillingimpacttheArchetypeEperformscomparativelybetterontheresilienceofhumancapitalincountrieslikeBulgariaInclusionpillar,placingabovetheglobalaverage.andSlovenia,resilienceofcountrieslikeQatar,ThisislargelydrivenbyhighscoresonphysicalSaudiArabiaandMalaysiaisbuoyedbyyoungerresources,whilethereisgreatervarianceindemographics,higherinvestmentsinreskillingandstrengthsandweaknessesinindicatorsmeasuringeaseofhiringforeignlabour.However,bothsub-humancapital,researchandtechnology,andtypesarealsomarkedbyrelativelylowresilienceoffinance.Forexample,Bahrain,Kazakhstanandthebankingsystem.Kuwaitallscoreabove80onindividualsusingtheinternet.StrongerInclusionscoresarelimitedbyArchetypeEweakerperformanceonindicatorsmeasuringtheCountrieswithtraditionallyinstitutionalunderpinningsofinclusion—suchasresource-intensivegrowth,withcivilrightsandpoliticalparticipation—highlightingasomeseekingtodiversifyandkeyareatounlockstrongerperformance.transformthecharacteristicsoftheirgrowthtrajectoryAsexpectedfromcountrieswithheavyresourceuse,thecountriescoveredbythisarchetypescoreGDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:0.2%lowontheSustainabilitypillar,withindividualscoresGrowthPathwayProﬁlerangingfrom24.4to30.8.Ingeneral,thisreflectsthehighenvironmentalfootprintofphysicalresourceGrowth:use,whichinturncrowdsoutsustainabilityefforts.Innovativeness:HighGHGemissionsandpersistentfossil-fuelInclusiveness:subsidiesinBahrain,KazakhstanandKuwaitSustainability:aretheresult,withscoresof0onbothindicators,Resilience:farbelowtheglobalaveragescoresof53.1and62.9,respectively.OtherareasthatmeasureArchetypeErepresentsaconcisegroupofresourceuse–suchaswaterwithdrawal,waste,countriesthathavetraditionallyfollowedaresource-andtheenvironmentaldamageofagriculture–intensivedevelopmentmodelbutarebeginningtoalsoweighdowntheirSustainabilityscores.Thistransformtheirgrowthpathways.ThesecountriesiscompoundedbyunderdevelopedrenewablescorelowontheSustainabilitypillarbutareecosystems,withBahrain,KuwaitandMongoliagenerallyclosertoglobalaveragesacrosstheallscoringbelow5onrenewablesinvestment,Innovativeness,InclusivenessandResiliencepillars.andallcountriesscoringbelow10onrenewablesThesecountries–Bahrain,Kazakhstan,Kuwaitconsumption.andMongolia–arefurthercharacterizedbylowrecentgrowthperformance,averaging0.2%GDPCountriescoveredbythisarchetypeareclosinginper-capitagrowthoverthepastfiveyears.Thisontheglobalaverageontheircapacitytoweatherpresentsanotablechallengeforthesecountries:andbouncebackfromshocks,althoughResilienceboostingfuturegrowthwhileconcurrentlyimprovingpillarperformancevariesacrosscountries.Notably,theirsustainabilityperformanceandensuringthatmanyofthecountriescharacterizedbythisincreasedgrowthcontinuestoalignwithinnovation,archetypetendtoscorelowonfinancialresilience.inclusionandresiliencegoals.MongoliaandBahrainscorebelow40onthreeoutofthefourfinancialindicators,includingbankTakentogether,countriesrepresentedbythisconcentration,financialsystemresilience,countryarchetypescorebelowtheglobalaverageonthecreditrating,andbanksystemdefaultrisk.ThereInnovativenesspillar,withnotabledifferencesinisagreatervarianceinperformancearoundwhatdrivesindividualcountryscores.Inmostnaturalresources,humancapitalandinstitutions,cases,Innovativenessperformanceisdraggedwheretheyexhibitstrongerperformance.Bahrain,downbylowscoresacrossknowledgeandmeanwhile,scoreshighonhumancapitalindicatorstechnologyindicatorsaswellastheinstitutionalincludinghavingayoungpopulation(90.1),theunderpinningsforinnovation.Thereisgreaterabilitytofillvacancieswithforeignlabour(75.6)andinvestmentinreskilling(70.2).TheFutureofGrowthReport202432ArchetypeFInnovativenesspillarscoresarebelowtheworldCountrieswithtraditionallyaverageforallsub-typesofArchetypeF,buttoefficiency-drivengrowthpathways,differentdegrees:39.1forthefirstsub-type,andbuildingupinnovativeness,29.7and28.7forthesecondandthird,respectively.inclusivenessandresiliencefromCountriesrepresentedbythisarchetypeexhibitalowbase,withcomparativelygapsinmultipleinnovativenessdimensions.NonelowenvironmentalfootprintofthecountriescomprisingthisarchetypeproduceasignificantnumberofpatentsexceptforIndia,Sub-typeF1themostadvancedarchetypeeconomyonthisGDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:2.0%indicator.Financialsystemdepthislimited.ForGrowthPathwayProﬁleinstance,Nigeria’sdomesticcredittotheprivatesectorscorestandsat7.4,Kenya’sat19.7andGrowth:Rwanda’sat15.4.Similarly,productionandexportInnovativeness:ofadvancedservicesislimitedinmostcountriesInclusiveness:characterizedbythearchetype,representing1.8%Sustainability:ofGDPinPakistan(scoreof9.8)and2.3%inResilience:Senegal(scoreof12.8).Sub-typeF2InclusivenesspillarscoresaresimilarlylowGDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:1.0%acrossthearchetype:45.7forthefirstsub-type,GrowthPathwayProﬁleand36.1and32.2forthesecondandthird,respectively.SocialprotectionshowsgapsinsomeGrowth:countriesandisalmostnon-existentinothers.AInrncohveatytipvenFesasn:ditsthreesub-typesrepresentaForinstance,over75%ofpeopleinIndiaandwInicdluesriavenngesosf:developingcountrieswheregrowth96%inSierraLeonelackbasicsocialprotection.iSsussttilalienfafibcielitnyc:y-driven,withlimitedtechnologyAccesstonutritionisoftenuneven.Over95%ofaRdeospilietionnceo:rwhereeconomicmodernizationthepopulationinMalawi,almost94%inNigeriaoccurredinfewhotspots,whilemostofthecountryand82%inRwandacannotaffordahealthydiet.remainseconomicallyunderdeveloped.ManyofIncomeinequalityiswidespread:IndiaandKenyatShuebf-atcytpoersFt3hatcurrentlylimitInclusivenesspillarscore26.2and26.0,respectively,whileHonduraspGeDrfPor(mpearncceapinitcao)ugnrotrwiesthc,h2a0r1a8ct-e2r0iz2e3d:b-0y.9th%isscores18.6.aGrrcohwettyhpPeaatrhewrealyatPedrotﬁoleinsufficientaccesstomaterialgoods,includingenergy.Atthesametime,Bycontrast,ArchetypeFischaracterizedbythehGigrohwgthro:wthandstrongSustainabilityperformancestrongestperformanceontheSustainabilitypillaraInrneolavargtievleynseysnse:rgisticinthesecountriestoday–acrosstheentireFutureofGrowthFrameworkbInuctluusnivleesnseassl:ow-carbonenergyinfrastructurethatdataset.Thefirstsub-type’ssustainabilityscoreissSuupsptaoinrtasbeilcityo:nomictransformationisbuilt,future54.8,withscoresof52.5and54.2forthesecondiRnecsreiliaesnecse:instandardsoflivingrisktranslatingintoandthirdsub-types,respectively.Thesescoresworseenvironmentaloutcomesinthefuture.aremostlydrivenbylowconsumptionratherthanadoptionofgreentechnologies:Typically,countriesThreedistinctsub-typeswithinthisarchetypeinthisarchetypeproduceasmallamountofwastedisplayasimilarquality-of-growthpattern,buttheirpercapitacomparedtootherwpartsoftheworld.overallscoresvaryinlinewiththeunderlyingincomeForinstance,Kenya’sscoreonwastegenerationislevelsofcountriescomposingeachsub-type.81.2,Pakistan’s77.9andNigeria’s75.1.Similarly,Countriescharacterizedbythefirstsub-type(Benin,GHGemissionspercapitaaremuchmorelimitedBrazil,CôteD’Ivoire,Ghana,India,Jordan,Kenya,thanforotherarchetypes(81.5forIndia,94.8forMorocco,Philippines,Rwanda,UnitedRepublicofRwandaand84.0forPakistan).Tanzania)areclosertomiddle-incomeeconomies,withhigheraveragepillarscorescomparedtoThearchetype’sperformanceontheResiliencepillarArchetypeF’ssecondsub-type,whichclustersaisjustbelowworldaverageforthefirstsub-typenumberoflower-incomeeconomies(Cameroon,(50.8),albeitsomewhatweakerforthesecondDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,LaoPDR,andthird(42.9and34.9,respectively).HealthcareMalawi,Nepal,Pakistan,Senegal,SierraLeone)orcapacityislimitedacrossallcountriesrepresentedthethirdsub-type,whichincludesLesotho,Mali,bythearchetype,withnocountryscoringmoreNigeria,ChadandZimbabwe.than27.0forhealthcareworkersperpopulation.FiscalspacetendstobelimitedbylowcountryGiventhewiderangeofcountriesrepresentedcreditratingswhileotherinstitutionalweaknessesbythisarchetype,growthratesvarysignificantlycontributetoreducingthecapacityofcountriesinacrosscountries,rangingfrom5.5%GDPper-thisarchetypetorespondtoshocks.capitagrowthinIndiaoverthepastfiveyearstogrowthperformancessuchas0.7%inPakistanor-0.5%inNigeria.TheFutureofGrowthReport202433ArchetypeG–thetwosub-typesexhibitcommongapsacrossCountrieswithbalancedbutbelowthesameindicators.Twonoteworthydiscrepanciesaverageinnovation,inclusionandarevisiblewhenitcomestothestateofclusterresilienceprofiles,withdevelopmentaswellasgovernment’slong-termcomparativelystrongperformancevisionandstability.Inbothcases,thefasteronsustainabilitygrowingfirstsub-typeperformsmarkedlybetter.Mobilenetworkcoverage,ICTcapitalandregulatorySub-typeG1qualityarealsohigherforthissub-type.GDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:2.1%GrowthPathwayProﬁleWithinArchetypeG,thetwosub-typesdivergethemostwhenitcomestoInclusiveness.EconomiesGrowth:inthesecondsub-typeaveragehigherscoresInnovativeness:onthispillarasaresultoflowerinequalityinInclusiveness:education,higherinclusioninpublicspace,moreSustainability:budgetpluralismandstrongerperformancesonaResilience:numberofindicatorsreflectinggenderequality.Ontheflipside,theyhavelowerICTaffordabilityandSub-typeG2thebottom50%oftheirpopulationhavealowerGDP(percapita)growth,2018-2023:-0.6%shareofincome.ThetwoindicatorsthatstandoutGrowthPathwayProﬁlenegativelyforthisarchetypearetheshareoftheadultpopulationwithaccesstobankaccountsandGrowth:thelevelofwealthinequalityofthebottom50%ofInnovativeness:thepopulation.Onbothindicators,economiesofInclusiveness:thisarchetypeachieve,onaverage,scoresintheSustainability:singledigits.Onthepositiveside,thisarchetypehasResilience:nearlyeliminatedtherural-to-urbanelectricitygap.ArchetypeGrepresentsarangeofeconomiesthatSustainabilityscorescoversimilarrangesforbothexhibitrelativelybalancedbutbelowglobalaveragesub-types,whichareequallyheldbackbyalackofgrowthqualityprofiles.Itcanbefurtherdividedintogreeninnovation.Renewableenergyconsumptionistwosub-types,eachwithitsowndistinctfeatures.likewiselimitedbuteconomiesinthefirstsub-typeThefirstsub-typeincludesBangladesh,Colombia,areinvestingsubstantiallymorethaneconomiesEgypt,Indonesia,PanamaandTürkiye,whichinthesecond.TheyalsoaccountforfewerGHGhavecomparativelyhighaverageGDPpercapitaemissionspercapita.Ontheotherhand,economiesgrowthof2.1%overthepastfiveyears.Theserepresentedbythesecondsub-typescorehigherincountrieshaverelativelylowbutevenlydistributedtermsofbiodiversityintactnessandhavestrongerscoresacrosstheInnovativeness,Inclusivenessregulationinplaceforenergyefficiency.andResiliencepillars,andarenearlyonparwiththeglobalaverageintermsoftheSustainabilitypillar.ArchetypeG’sperformanceontheResiliencepillarThesecondsub-typescoresanaveragefivepointsis,again,similaracrossitstwosub-types.VirtuallyhigheronInclusivenessbutisotherwiseverysimilarallcountriesinthisgroupfallshortoninvestmentinitsgrowthcharacteristics.However,thegroupinmid-careertraining,withtheaveragesforbothof12countriesrepresentedbythissub-type—sub-typesremaininginthesingledigits.ArelativeincludingArgentina,Algeria,Kyrgyzstan,Mexico,shortageofhospitalbedsequallyhelpstoexplainTunisiaandSouthAfrica—sawtheirper-capitaGDPwhythisarchetypedoesnotapproachtheglobaldecline,onaverage,by-0.6%overthepastfiveresilienceaveragejustyet.Onthepositiveside,years.economiescharacterizedbythisarchetypehavearelativelywell-diversifiedfoodandcommodityWithregardtoInnovativenessperformance,thesupply,lowexport-productconcentrationandeconomiesinthisarchetypefallshortoftheglobalfavourableage-dependencyratios.Thefirstaverage.AsidefromR&Dexpenditure–wherethesub-typeboastsasignificantlyhigherlevelofcountriesinthefirstsub-typefaresignificantlybettercybersecurity,lowerbankconcentrationandbettertransportinfrastructure.However,thesub-typeisalsomoresociallypolarizedandhasfewerhealthworkersperpopulation.TheFutureofGrowthReport202434ConclusionRecentyearshavedemonstratedhowfragileourWehopethisreportwillserveasacalltoactionsharedprosperityis.Thefutureofoureconomies,toleaderstoassessandre-evaluatetheirgrowthsocietiesandcommunitiesisbeingdefinedandmodelsandpolicies.Eachcountry’spathwaytestedbythedecisionsmadetoday.Muchattentiontoinnovative,inclusive,sustainableandresilienthasbeenrightfullydevotedtoaddressingshort-growthisunique.Thedataandanalysispresentedtermperils,butfocusmustbemaintainedoninthisreportaimtosupportpolicy-makersinthemedium-andlong-termhorizons.Aspolicy-assessingthecharacterandnatureofacountry’smakersnavigateanincreasinglymorecomplexeconomicgrowthandcanbeusedtoidentifyandturbulentglobalenvironment,comprehensive,potentialareastoimprove,trade-offstoresolveorcollectiveandcoordinatedactionisneededtosynergiestoexploit.preservewhathasbeenachievedandshapeabettertomorrow.TheWorldEconomicForum’sFutureofGrowthInitiativewillleadatwo-yearcampaignaimedatEconomicgrowthremainsthebestwaytoincreaseinspiringdiscussionandactionaroundchartingstandardsofliving,butgrowthaloneisnolongernewpathwaysforeconomicgrowthandsupportingsufficient,particularlyifitisunequallydistributed,policy-makersinbalancinggrowth,innovation,pronetoshocksorisachievedattheexpenseofinclusion,sustainabilityandresiliencegoals.Wetheenvironment.TheresultsoftheFutureofGrowthinviteleaderstojointhisefforttoco-shapenewReportrevealthatmostcountriescontinuetogrowsolutionstothechallengeshighlightedinthisreport,inwaysthatareneithersustainablenorinclusiveworkingtogetherwiththeurgencyandambitionandarelimitedintheirabilitytoseedfuture-readythatthecurrentcontextdemandsofus.innovationandminimizetheircontributiontoandsusceptibilitytoglobalshocks.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024353CountryDashboardsCountry_________________PageCountry_________________PageCountry_________________PageAlgeria_____________________37Greece___________________109Oman____________________181Angola_____________________39Guatemala________________111Pakistan__________________183Argentina__________________41Honduras_________________113Panama__________________185Armenia___________________43Hungary__________________115Paraguay_________________187Australia___________________45Iceland___________________117Peru_____________________189Austria_____________________47India_____________________119Philippines________________191Bahrain____________________49Indonesia_________________121Poland___________________193Bangladesh________________51Iran(IslamicRepublicof)_____123Portugal__________________195Belgium____________________53Ireland____________________125Qatar_____________________197Benin______________________55Italy______________________127Romania__________________199Bolivia(PlurinationalStateof)__57Jamaica__________________129Rwanda__________________201BosniaandHerzegovina______59Japan____________________131SaudiArabia_______________203Botswana__________________61Jordan____________________133Senegal___________________205Brazil______________________63Kazakhstan_______________135Serbia____________________207Bulgaria____________________65Kenya____________________137SierraLeone_______________209Cameroon_________________67Korea,Republicof__________139Singapore_________________211Canada____________________69Kuwait____________________141Slovenia__________________213Chad______________________71Kyrgyzstan________________143SouthAfrica_______________215Chile______________________73LaoPDR__________________145Spain_____________________217Colombia__________________75Latvia____________________147SriLanka_________________219CostaRica_________________77Lesotho___________________149Sweden__________________221Cyprus____________________79Lithuania__________________151Switzerland________________223Czechia____________________81Luxembourg_______________153Thailand__________________225CôteD’Ivoire_______________83Malawi____________________155Tunisia____________________227Dem.Rep.oftheCongo_____85Malaysia__________________157Türkiye____________________229Denmark___________________87Mali______________________159Ukraine___________________231DominicanRepublic_________89Malta_____________________161UnitedArabEmirates_______233Ecuador___________________91Mauritius__________________163UnitedKingdom____________235Egypt______________________93Mexico___________________165UnitedRepublicofTanzania__237ElSalvador_________________95Mongolia__________________167UnitedStatesofAmerica____239Estonia____________________97Morocco__________________169Uruguay__________________241Finland____________________99Nepal____________________171Venezuela,BolivarianRep.of_243France____________________101Netherlands_______________173VietNam__________________245Georgia___________________103NewZealand______________175Yemen____________________247Germany__________________105Nigeria____________________177Zimbabwe________________249Ghana____________________107NorthMacedonia___________179TheFutureofGrowthReport202436Economy11,1765-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/211,5453.6%Algeria1.9%4.2%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness34.2Sustainability50.2Resilience44.843.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators45.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.4Wealthinequality,top10%share58.2%45.3m8058.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202155.6%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.02%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.62.8%0.05%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions176MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce0180Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023Algeria2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)34.2Sustainability0-100(best)44.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.152.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.050.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.453.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.542.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.559.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions97.097.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)85.985.9Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.358.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)1255.5Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.947.5Financialecosystem0.20.2TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.844.8Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.252.9Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade24383.2Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.34.034.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal29.718.2Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.357.6Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita0.02.5Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.947.7TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)4.152.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)00.0Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)1.47.6Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.5.737.9Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem2.74.1Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)20.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)51.651.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)51.851.8Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.510.7Waterresourcesm³percapita/year1,00749.7Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom5023518.1Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter43.8Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystemn.a.n.a.FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.11.1Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-1.226.6Banksystemdefaultriskz-score10.179.7Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.456.7Technologyecosystem3.135.1Ruralelectricitygap%urban4.151.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.254.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimportern.a.n.a.Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%50.2Institutionalecosystem1.915.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)17.331.6TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.947.9Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)74.165.5Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)54.345.7ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystemn.a.n.a.53.746.3Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)22.50.02832.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)33.333.419.380.7Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)19.038.014.285.84.660.23.846.13.948.7n.a.n.a.16.084.087.414.932.467.670.861.04.762.170.664.924.841.499.399.334.034.049.650.44.89.74.761.77.624.01.230.08.28.2-0.932.54.456.1n.a.n.a.3333.03.847.0-0.833.72.983.42172.42236.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.223.80.464.53.744.32.153.6Economy5,7815-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-3.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/28,1778.2%Angola0%8.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-8.2%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness18.0Sustainability27.7Resilience48.040.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators35.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth54.8Wealthinequality,top10%share77.6%35.7m8078.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202166.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.64%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.138.9%0.64%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions21MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce230Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023Angola2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)18.0Sustainability0-100(best)48.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)2.729.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)2.525.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.532.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.118.6Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.135.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.33.033.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions75.875.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)622.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.159.3FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)2.321.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year61.061.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.029.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP2.422.8Financialecosystem2299.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.276.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)25.025.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP12.97.9Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.672.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex2.931.4Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.2.728.1Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.10.4Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)2.517.0Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)3.45.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem00.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.4.44.4Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.00.7Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)41.641.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)614.7Waterresourcesm³percapita/year18191.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.74.6Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter40.5Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.10.6FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.090.1Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.736.8Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.762.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.2.422.6TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban2.931.7Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)3.439.4FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%27.7Institutionalecosystem13.026.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)0.86.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)2.13.90-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)3.237.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)83.616.4ICTcost%GNIpercapita36.715.6Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)29.670.4Institutionalecosystem89.510.54,58741.7Civilrights0-60(high)95.694.113.986.1Politicalparticipation0-1(best)34.231.717.682.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)9.018.13.033.1Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.033.62.220.42525.0n.a.n.a.68.437.288.111.932.610.12.727.6n.a.n.a.15.625.911.211.213.013.034.165.9-0.10.02.424.28.119.01.537.57.67.6-0.735.82.931.114.214.23333.03.135.0-1.031.05.966.32172.41830.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.219.10.636.23.033.42.050.0Economy21,6525-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/224,6487.4%Argentina-0.2%5.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-7.4%20002023-5.4%Pillar2000100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness34.7Sustainability58.9Resilience38.750.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators46.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth67.1Wealthinequality,top10%share58.9%46.3m8077.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202184.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.25%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%147.2%0.28%0.1%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2186MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions159MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7192Mt200Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Argentina2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)34.7Sustainability0-100(best)38.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.050.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.846.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.168.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.032.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.659.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions70.670.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)97.797.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total8.245.5FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)1366.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.049.7Financialecosystem9.89.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.378.4Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP2.220.2Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade84438.1Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal65.065.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.442.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex16.09.8Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem0.18.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)4.354.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)3.541.9Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.60.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem1.47.6Healthworkersper10,000pop.4.329.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)25.338.5Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)700.4Waterresourcesm³percapita/year31.031.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter55.455.4Incomedistribution%sharebottom500.510.5Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter91854.1Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem54642.0Financialecosystem50.8Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.3.523.4Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.1.712.4Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban-0.637.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)18.363.3Financialecosystem2.321.4Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter3.542.1Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%1.711.3Institutionalecosystem3.643.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)8.717.4Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.58.9Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)5.039.9TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)39.071.10-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.253.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)23.276.8ICTcost%GNIpercapita78.571.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)31.368.7Institutionalecosystem41.658.419,498100.0Civilrights0-60(high)70.961.3100.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)0.078.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)5.888.421.950.2Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)13.226.3Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.03.847.03.948.41212.037.063.052.156.393.26.882.93.338.187.2n.a.9.115.1n.a.100.0100.050.150.156.443.64.89.53.236.53.466.05.95.90.49.4-0.147.92.322.230.630.63838.04.152.24.077.3-0.540.85083.32379.30.662.10.283.8LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage4.456.22.665.0Economy16,1295-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change4.9%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/216,12912.9%Armenia4.3%10%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness38.9Inclusiveness61.0Sustainability44.4Resilience46.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth67.1Wealthinequality,top10%share56.6%3.1m8056.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202149.2%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.04%Greenbonds,%GDP0.4%67.4%1.9%0.4%0%0%0%202020002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions27MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions7MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce77Mt10Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Armenia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)38.9Sustainability0-100(best)44.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.542.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.338.0Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.169.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.729.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.253.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions69.569.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.775.7Financialecosystem1586.9Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.1Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year8.48.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.51.5Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.657.6Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.049.8Greenpatentstotal96928.7Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP47.047.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.72.244.3Institutionalecosystem0.276.4PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.335.1ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.050.1Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem3.542.0Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-6410.0Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)5.430.2Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)5.637.4Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)8.212.5Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)50.0Resourcesecosystem44.444.4Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)62.062.0Lackofsocialprotection%pop0.24.1Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)81059.5Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)22817.5Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter46.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)1.28.7Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)19.860.4Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.0.153.0Technologyecosystem3.439.3Ruralelectricitygap%urban4.152.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem3.542.0Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter4.050.4Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)61.0Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)1.22.4Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)4.233.6Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)45.583.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.355.7Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)21.878.2Institutionalecosystem68.257.639.560.5Civilrights0-60(high)45.654.42,62223.8Politicalparticipation0-1(best)87.483.240.759.3Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)56.044.1Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)2.994.1Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)13.527.04.050.14.761.64.355.03838.027.073.055.252.841.458.678.671.54.965.682.479.012.320.599.999.950.550.551.948.25.010.15.066.36.337.00.818.83.13.1-0.833.33.541.2n.a.n.a.4646.04.151.2-0.148.11.194.01965.53151.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.655.90.275.94.253.62.870.0Economy1/2Australia52,8315-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change2.3%52,8313%3.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness65.9Inclusiveness76.3Sustainability43.1Resilience69.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators26.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.9Wealthinequality,top10%share57.1%26.3m8057.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202150.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.06%Greenbonds,%GDP0.3%57.2%0%0.3%0%-0.06%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions3391MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions355MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7416Mt402Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Australia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)65.9Sustainability0-100(best)43.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.965.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.863.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.578.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.761.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.370.9ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions69.669.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)99.599.5Renewableenergyconsumption%total23.40.0Financialecosystem1,75076.8Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year10.910.9Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.066.7Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.749.2Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystem59456.8Technologyecosystem4.964.6Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.622.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)99.099.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)142.387.3GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem0.555.3PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.862.6Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)1384.6Scientificpublicationshindex4.862.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%1.3Resilience0-100(best)4.228.3Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.29.87.3TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem1,48945.5Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-6474.774.7Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)1.8Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)84.284.2Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1,2937.5Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)1,55522.3Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)22.336.6Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)4.099.5Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.69.5Talentecosystem100.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)28.7ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop1.886.8Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)26.047.9Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)5.372.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/year4.863.1Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)4.965.8Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.168.7Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimportern.a.n.a.Socialmobility1-7(best)76.3Infrastructurequality1-7(best)3.830.7ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)41.074.9Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.4.761.9Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)33.366.7Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.86.882.4Banksystemdefaultriskz-score19.480.6Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem19,284100.0Ruralelectricitygap%urban0.0100.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)100.0Financialecosystem87.683.5Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter0.083.6Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem16.468.9Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)3.193.9Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.17.234.3Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)5.1TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations5.168.1Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.762.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)100100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita7.093.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)69.136.3Institutionalecosystem0.799.3Civilrights0-60(high)96.295.05.167.7Politicalparticipation0-1(best)n.a.n.a.14.223.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)100.0100.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)97.597.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)55.844.25.010.00.496.04.965.61.537.535.135.10.967.05.167.793.193.17575.04.660.31.783.50.597.32586.25795.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.765.70.097.44.761.34.0100.0Economy56,4215-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.4%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/256,6502.8%Austria1.2%2.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-2.8%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness66.3Sustainability73.7Resilience51.968.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.9Wealthinequality,top10%share61.9%9m8061.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202178.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.06%Greenbonds,%GDP1.1%84.4%0%1.1%0%-0.09%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions465MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions81MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce779Mt110Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Austria2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)66.3Sustainability0-100(best)51.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.049.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.745.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.475.1Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.456.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.254.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.98.098.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions72.572.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapita2,610100.0tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)Renewableenergyconsumption%total8.245.5Financialecosystem4.965.8Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year35.835.8Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.965.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.468.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP99.099.0Financialecosystem39072.2Technologyecosystem93.357.2Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.618.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.220.8Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.659.4Institutionalecosystem2187.3Patentapplicationstotal4.862.6Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP7.943.9Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)8.154.1Scientificpublicationshindex45.168.8Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%2,00110.0Resilience0-100(best)83.683.6Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.263.7Talentecosystem81.081.0Institutionalecosystem84164.7Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-6469165.4Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)11.476.7Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)12.790.6Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)68.8Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.477.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.30.139.8Talentecosystem4.355.3Healthworkersper10,000pop.3.745.3Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)4.355.3Resourcesecosystem5.067.5Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop73.7Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)14.028.0Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/year7.358.2Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)4.863.8Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom5084.579.4Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter54.699.6Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.0100.0Financialecosystem6.893.2Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)84.879.7Countrycreditrating0-100(best)13.186.9Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets8,77179.7Healthydietunaffordability%pop.2.595.0Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)39.160.9Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.22.244.3Banksystemdefaultriskz-score40.459.6Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban5.474.1Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)5.575.3FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%5.473.5Institutionalecosystem9696.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)8.092.0Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)64.841.4Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.0.999.1Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem92.590.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)5.676.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations98.998.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)30.951.50-100(best)100.0100.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)93.993.9ICTcost%GNIpercapita3.16.2Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)29.470.6InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)5.370.90.694.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)1.741.7Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)33.833.80.968.3Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.049.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)19.919.97171.04.660.31.885.80.298.62586.25693.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.765.30.192.35.167.72.870.8Economy49,5975-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/251,5001.9%Bahrain2.4%5.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-1.9%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness53.4Sustainability55.7Resilience30.847.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators1.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.9Wealthinequality,top10%share66.9%1.5m8067.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021117.6%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDPn.a.Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.130.1%DatanotavailableDatanotavailable20000%2022Production-basedCO₂emissions39MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions22MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce239Mt22Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Bahrain2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)53.4Sustainability0-100(best)30.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.066.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.252.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.249.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.643.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.167.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions100.0100.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total47.20.0Financialecosystem1,00744.2Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)74.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.00.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.5Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.933.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.762.5Greenpatentstotal26581.6Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP77.077.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.73.945.3Institutionalecosystem0.77.1PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.00.4ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.456.8Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem4.559.0Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-6400.0Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)26.6100.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)3.724.5Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)24.637.6Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)30.0Resourcesecosystem46.046.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop0.12.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)42.842.8Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)13210.2Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter6,1830.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Infrastructurequality1-7(best)47.9ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)0.85.7Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.0.867.0Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)4.990.1Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.065.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-score5.575.6Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.5.676.9Technologyecosystem5.270.0Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Financialecosystem55.7Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter1.713.9Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem8.415.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.4.863.8Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)33.266.8Technologyecosystem76.068.1Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations37.662.4Governmentadaptation1-7(best)77.122.90-100(best)50.133.4Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)12.674.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)2412.2ICTcost%GNIpercapita10.220.5Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem35.764.3Civilrights0-60(high)5.372.1Politicalparticipation0-1(best)47.252.8Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)5.676.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.066.13333.0n.a.n.a.82.021.2n.a.n.a.100.0100.05.677.298.998.77.813.0100.0100.077.977.928.671.43.16.25.778.78.020.015.815.80.00.0-0.539.95.574.7n.a.n.a.4444.04.762.41.492.30.559.42069.01016.70.19.90.733.84.660.81.333.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverageEconomy7,0855-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/27,0855.8%Bangladesh6.3%6.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness33.7Inclusiveness39.3Sustainability46.9Resilience46.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators168.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth64.3Wealthinequality,top10%share58.5%168.5m8059.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202137.9%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.07%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.37.9%1.16%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions93MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions135MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce093Mt137Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Bangladesh2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)33.7Sustainability0-100(best)46.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.948.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.541.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.146.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.034.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.98.398.3Annualgreenhousegasemissions36.936.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)381.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.689.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.745.3Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year28.028.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.749.9Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.440.8Financialecosystem22085.0Technologyecosystem45.045.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.186.8Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)39.224.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.17.4Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.643.5Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.744.9Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.37.4Talentecosystem3.925.9InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)7.811.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)40.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.41.241.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.37.237.2Talentecosystemn.a.n.a.Healthworkersper10,000pop.13293.4Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)28521.9Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)46.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)1.06.7Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.10.4Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem8.982.2Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.833.0Bankconcentration%totalassets3.846.9Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.151.4Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.947.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.846.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban39.3Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.02.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem0.86.3Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)6.712.2TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.744.3Governmentadaptation1-7(best)39.460.60-100(best)51.635.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)37.962.2Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)77.522.5Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)7,52668.4ICTcost%GNIpercapita45.126.8Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)16.583.6Institutionalecosystem37.325.417.682.4Civilrights0-60(high)20.039.9Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.050.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.151.8Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.541.23838.055.045.026.886.166.133.938.918.63.541.459.151.212.821.398.898.981.381.357.842.24.89.63.643.27.525.03.33.30.25.0-1.030.63.846.313.613.62525.03.642.72.088.9-0.637.82541.72275.90.329.90.729.5LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.947.82.358.3Economy53,7625-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.9%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/253,7622.6%Belgium1.5%2.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-2.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness65.8Sustainability71.4Resilience45.663.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators11.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.6Wealthinequality,top10%share52.2%11.6m8052.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021105.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.08%Greenbonds,%GDP1%112%0%1%0%-0.09%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions596MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions178MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7129Mt235Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Belgium2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)65.8Sustainability0-100(best)45.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.252.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.558.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.170.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.558.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.659.9ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.100.0100.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions63.263.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapita1,84480.9tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)62.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total11.026.9Financialecosystem4.8Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year12.312.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.557.6Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.747.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP97.097.0Financialecosystem36973.7Technologyecosystem75.846.5Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.442.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.218.9Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.456.1InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.558.4Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)1484.9ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%16.491.2Resilience0-100(best)3.624.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem51.678.6Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1,4987.5Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)77.677.6Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.83.883.8Inclusiveness0-100(best)3.569.1Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.1,05747.2TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)1,01578.1Resourcesecosystem63.5Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop10.067.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)8.158.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)1.376.8Infrastructurequality1-7(best)31.038.1Resourcesecosystem4.355.0Financialecosystem4.862.5Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)4.557.6Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.761.4Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets7.114.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.71.4Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)5.644.6Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.558.9Technologyecosystem62.6100.0Ruralelectricitygap%urban85.680.8Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter14.285.8Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%0.0100.0Institutionalecosystem17.083.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)85.380.4Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)1,59714.5Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)34.165.9Technologyecosystem5.988.3Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)32.867.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations20.541.0Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)4.761.7Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.762.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)8787.0Institutionalecosystem4.863.768.037.6Civilrights0-60(high)11.089.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)99.94.659.8Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)0.190.415.425.8Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)92.899.7Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)99.7100.096.296.3100.025.974.17.514.90.892.04.761.72.050.029.029.00.662.34.456.725.425.47373.04.558.21.376.50.796.22896.65795.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.664.70.095.64.355.82.562.5Economy3,5175-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.9%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/23,5173.1%Benin5.2%5.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness39.5Inclusiveness41.3Sustainability53.4Resilience49.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators13.4mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth55.5Wealthinequality,top10%share73.8%13.4m8073.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202154.2%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP2.17%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.54.2%2.53%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions8MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions8MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce08Mt9Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Benin2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)39.5Sustainability0-100(best)53.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.269.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.557.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.942.6Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.948.6Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.457.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.46.046.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions84.985.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.252.9Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.583.3FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.355.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year46.246.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.842.7Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP44.044.0Financialecosystem20100.0TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.182.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)15.59.5GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem0.329.6PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.863.2Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%3.846.9Resilience0-100(best)00.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem0.52.6Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-641.59.8Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)00.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.27.327.3TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.37.537.5Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)n.a.n.a.ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)5597.2Lackofsocialprotection%pop1259.6Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)49.3Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)n.a.n.a.Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.11.0Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)5.688.8Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.-0.441.4Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)5.574.9Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.675.8Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.254.0Technologyecosystem3.846.3Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem41.3Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter1.63.2Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)0.54.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.61.1Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)4.558.6Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita37.917.2Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)30.569.5Institutionalecosystem39.560.5Civilrights0-60(high)92.27.82,14719.5Politicalparticipation0-1(best)39.061.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)81.274.924.575.5Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)43.712.64.964.514.228.45.270.45.371.03333.036.064.073.531.282.617.434.012.04.965.0n.a.n.a.11.919.826.926.980.180.138.361.71.12.24.253.15.347.01.845.82.82.8-0.344.04.761.5n.a.n.a.4343.04.456.3-0.638.114.716.72793.14270.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.550.60.369.54.254.02.971.4Economy1/2Bolivia(PlurinationalStateof)2.7%4.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP8,4475-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.6%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change8,7573.8%0%2000202302023-3.8%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness29.1Sustainability52.2Resilience43.345.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators12mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth63.3Wealthinequality,top10%share61.5%12m8071.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202180%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.52%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.89.8%2.65%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions23MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions22MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce024Mt24Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Bolivia(PlurinationalStateof)2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)29.1Sustainability0-100(best)43.3TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.948.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.034.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.065.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.423.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.847.3ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.74.574.5Annualgreenhousegasemissions79.479.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)823.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total9.834.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.642.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year16.916.9Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.468.9Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.642.6Financialecosystem18187.9Technologyecosystem55.055.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.271.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)71.243.7TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.04.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.440.7Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.236.8Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.21.0Talentecosystem5.335.2InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)11.918.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)00.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.26.226.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.50.350.3Talentecosystem0.23.1Healthworkersper10,000pop.54173.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)16112.4Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)45.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)2.415.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.42.9Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem-1.127.0Financialecosystem7.584.9Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)1.712.0Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.440.7Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.2.017.2Bankconcentration%totalassets3.236.9Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)7.815.6Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.52.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score1.310.3Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem10.118.4Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem3.440.1Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter33.166.9Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%65.153.4Institutionalecosystem35.664.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)39.860.2Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)50,044100.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.84.579.3Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)100.0Technologyecosystem16.566.9Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.076.4Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)23.639.20-100(best)9.318.6Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)3.846.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)3.4ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem4.049.82323.0Civilrights0-60(high)39.061.043.366.7Politicalparticipation0-1(best)15.184.9Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)66.054.64.354.5Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)n.a.n.a.8.313.9Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)95.195.116.116.138.161.94.38.64.049.86.436.00.614.310.410.4-0.343.62.117.822.222.23131.03.338.0-1.226.77.955.22275.93965.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.765.70.366.53.338.52.870.0Economy1/2BosniaandHerzegovina2.8%7.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP16,0385-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change16,03810.1%00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness32.7Inclusiveness53.3Sustainability45.4Resilience45.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators3.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth67.2Wealthinequality,top10%share56.1%3.8m8056.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202129.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.74%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.45.9%1.68%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions14MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce024Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023BosniaandHerzegovina2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)32.7Sustainability0-100(best)45.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystem2.8Availabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.440.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)2.630.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)n.a.n.a.Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)27.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.745.2Resourcesecosystem69.0ResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)6.269.0Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.099.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions58.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.37.737.7Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)2129.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.025.1FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)n.a.n.a.Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.846.1Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.450.9Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.542.5Financialecosystem0.783.2Technologyecosystem67.067.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)58.535.9Technologyecosystem10.0Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal7.147.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP3.439.6Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem48.448.4Patentapplicationstotal3.542.3Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)53.953.9Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)83758.2Scientificpublicationshindex2.011.0Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita45.4Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)27.6Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.17.927.2Talentecosystem2.744.9InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-643.529.0Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)20.0Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)2.242.0Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)3.5Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)0.23.9Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.21.027.9Talentecosystem14110.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.38.4Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem10.5Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)5.537.1Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)43.189.5Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)10,74256.9Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.21.6Waterresourcesm³percapita/year28.197.7Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter28.572.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom50-0.246.4Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter71.5Socialmobility1-7(best)2.728.4Infrastructurequality1-7(best)3.237.0Resourcesecosystem2.220.6FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)2727.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.53.3Bankconcentration%totalassets41.768.6Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)50.6Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.439.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.025.5Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.66.555.3Technologyecosystem15.3Ruralelectricitygap%urban60.040.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)29.4Financialecosystem66.555.4Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter29.481.6Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%14.870.4Institutionalecosystem18.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)18.436.8Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)36.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)6.43.6Technologyecosystem3.846.7Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.1Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)-0.442.40-100(best)3.440.1Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)2.322.2Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)24.076.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)3434.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita97.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)-0.344.4Institutionalecosystem3.067.61758.6Civilrights0-60(high)75.784.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)87.0100.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)100.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.110.23.847.29.79.731.931.9LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.439.42.585.63456.70.553.10.461.73.135.71.639.3Economy15,8435-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/215,8434.5%Botswana3%4.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.5%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness40.3Sustainability53.5Resilience45.746.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators2.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth53.9Wealthinequality,top10%share78.5%2.6m8080.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202118%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.53%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.20.9%0.53%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions6MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions12MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce08Mt14Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Botswana2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)40.3Sustainability0-100(best)45.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.354.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.355.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.965.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.829.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.863.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions82.682.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)91.091.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total8.145.7Financialecosystem51122.4Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.660.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year27.227.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystem1.34.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)4.050.0Technologyecosystem8894.9Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)52.052.0GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP39.824.4Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.185.5Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.228.1Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.557.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.049.8Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.84.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)2.315.1Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)8.212.5Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem00.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.n.a.n.a.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystemn.a.n.a.Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.611.2Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)38980.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)13710.5Waterresourcesm³percapita/year46.9Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom502.919.2Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.32.0FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.788.5Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.0.662.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score5.473.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.5.371.6TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban4.761.9Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.762.1FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%53.5Institutionalecosystem2.44.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.814.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)3.56.40-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)5.982.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)79.021.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita55.240.2Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)22.078.0Institutionalecosystem85.314.74,89644.5Civilrights0-60(high)86.281.587.013.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)23.353.586.713.3Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)8.116.24.050.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.254.05.981.96767.073.027.075.828.560.339.773.564.73.847.3n.a.n.a.9.015.026.826.853.153.154.445.6-0.40.04.558.52.575.02.562.59.29.21.069.64.457.231.031.16060.05.982.20.559.63.580.31862.14473.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.659.80.281.76.591.43.280.0Economy16,4025-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/216,4023.6%Brazil0.5%3.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness41.8Sustainability55.3Resilience56.052.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators203.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.4Wealthinequality,top10%share79.8%203.1m8079.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202185.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.14%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%96%0.16%0.2%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions3489MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions426MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7558Mt613Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Brazil2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)41.8Sustainability0-100(best)56.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.847.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.642.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.168.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.237.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.948.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.92.492.4Annualgreenhousegasemissions75.175.1ICTcapitalUSDpercapita30313.3tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.948.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total10.629.1FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.847.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year50.150.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.77.077.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.565.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP70.042.9Financialecosystem33476.4TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.447.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.891.0Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.252.9InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.948.6Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)481.6ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%1.58.1Resilience0-100(best)5.436.2Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem34.452.5Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)4802.4Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)69.269.2Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.78.178.1Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.223.3Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.29885.1TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)75157.8Resourcesecosystem52.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop4.228.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)1.813.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)-0.147.8Infrastructurequality1-7(best)14.171.7Resourcesecosystem2.728.3Financialecosystem3.135.3Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)2.830.5Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.948.3Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets6.913.8Healthydietunaffordability%pop.55.3Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)2.116.7Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem21.439.1Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem3.948.4Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter18.481.6Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%80.473.9Institutionalecosystem16.483.6Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)27.372.7Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)43,225100.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.73.064.0Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)100.0Technologyecosystem15.768.7Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.067.8Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)32.350.80-100(best)9.218.3Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.152.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)4.0ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem3.439.34343.0Civilrights0-60(high)50.050.070.434.8Politicalparticipation0-1(best)22.477.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)80.774.34.864.1Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)87.384.816.427.3Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)97.597.596.696.656.643.4-0.40.03.440.67.129.011.811.80.00.0-0.540.33.440.327.127.13838.03.948.41.194.0-0.344.44270.02689.70.656.10.374.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.745.81.537.5Economy27,5955-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change4.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/227,5956.9%Bulgaria2.5%4.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-6.9%20002023-4.9%Pillar2000100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness47.0Sustainability64.5Resilience44.954.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators6.4mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.3Wealthinequality,top10%share58.7%8.2m8058.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202121.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.73.3%0%Datanotavailable0%-0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions43MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions36MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce556Mt55Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Bulgaria2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)47.0Sustainability0-100(best)44.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.845.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.049.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.270.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.644.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.457.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.999.9Annualgreenhousegasemissions71.871.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapita24910.9tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.355.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total7.550.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.253.3Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year21.121.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.75.075.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.563.6Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP51.731.7Financialecosystem77543.3TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.443.4Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.110.9Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.050.5InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.050.7Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)20.1ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%7.139.3Resilience0-100(best)5.838.6Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem32.649.7Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)410.2Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)69.269.2Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.79.879.8Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.817.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.1,13643.2TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)33425.7Resourcesecosystem54.4Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop7.550.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)7.352.2Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)35.229.7ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)0.459.0Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.745.4Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.4.253.2Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.3.439.6Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)4.253.7Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.64.5Technologyecosystem2.14.2Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter7.459.6Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)41.776.1Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem4.152.1Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)10.090.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations73.564.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)17.183.00-100(best)15.384.7Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)3,06427.9Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)80.173.5Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)21.478.6ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)27.172.9Institutionalecosystem5.988.1Civilrights0-60(high)16.733.54.151.7Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.252.9Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.864.16161.024.076.064.042.44.295.84.455.975.367.07.913.195.794.899.699.667.467.418.681.44.89.54.660.03.565.012.012.00.25.00.559.24.252.635.435.54343.04.049.91.591.40.049.14676.72793.10.767.00.187.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.745.32.766.7Economy3,8075-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/23,8072.2%Cameroon3.8%4.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness29.1Inclusiveness33.1Sustainability53.7Resilience42.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators27.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth54.5Wealthinequality,top10%share68.3%27.9m8068.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202145.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.56%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.75.9%1.56%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions9MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions10MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce010Mt12Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Cameroon2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)29.1Sustainability0-100(best)53.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystem3.9Availabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.050.8Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.847.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.942.1Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)45.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.7Resourcesecosystem84.7ResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)2.584.7Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.15.615.6Annualgreenhousegasemissions83.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.78.978.9Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)462.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total0.840.5FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)4298.3Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.541.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.279.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.338.6Financialecosystem0.00.0TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)50.050.0Technologyecosystem00.0Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal5.335.4Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP14.79.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem26.326.3Patentapplicationstotal3.745.7Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)34.034.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)97.1Scientificpublicationshindex3.745.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita5842.6Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.95.3Talentecosystem4.890.3InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-644.049.8Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)7.611.6Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)4.151.7Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)2.0Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)00.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.1.34.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.1.210.4Talentecosystemn.a.n.a.Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem36.62.3Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)18414.2Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)47.3Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)10,94363.4Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Waterresourcesm³percapita/year20.952.7Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter11.899.5Incomedistribution%sharebottom500.21.8Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter79.1Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)3.488.2Resourcesecosystem-0.931.6Financialecosystem39.2Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)3.643.9Countrycreditrating0-100(best)25Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.3.947.5Bankconcentration%totalassets76.525.0Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)27.7Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.33.1Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.643.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem10.617.7Ruralelectricitygap%urban3.845.8Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem43.925.2Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter45.645.6Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%89.710.3Institutionalecosystem49.450.6Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)86.782.3Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.31.736.6Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)8.812.0Technologyecosystem10.621.3Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.37.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)-1.40-100(best)4.557.9Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)3.521.9Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)2642.1ICTcost%GNIpercapita3.542.5Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)-1.126.0Institutionalecosystem36.064.02528.1Civilrights0-60(high)60.539.586.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)45.627.5Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)n.a.n.a.Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)26.226.2Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)2.75.43.541.64.64.6n.a.n.a.3.542.321.20.0915.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.326.50.731.43.542.31.639.3Economy48,8615-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/249,5653%Canada1.6%3.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0-3%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness65.1Inclusiveness75.8Sustainability44.8Resilience65.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators38.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.3Wealthinequality,top10%share58.3%38.8m8058.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021107.4%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.04%Greenbonds,%GDP0.6%118.9%0%0.6%0%-0.05%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions5546MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions491MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7594Mt609Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Canada2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)65.1Sustainability0-100(best)44.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.067.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.169.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.782.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.863.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.371.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions90.590.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)99.499.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total20.30.0Financialecosystem1,54167.6Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year23.923.9Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.270.7Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.567.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)5.168.2Greenpatentstotal96828.7Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP98.098.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.124.176.1Institutionalecosystem0.71.8PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.217.1ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.964.4Resilience0-100(best)41113.7Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.5.168.3Talentecosystem5.939.4Institutionalecosystem3.921.7Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)37.457.1Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)79.079.0Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)4,10220.5Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)83.783.7Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)1.733.9Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.1,01049.5Inclusiveness0-100(best)1,481100.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystemn.a.n.a.Healthworkersper10,000pop.65.6Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)2.115.3ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop1.682.4Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)29.141.8Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)5.371.0Waterresourcesm³percapita/year5.067.4Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)5.066.3Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.168.3Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.410.8Socialmobility1-7(best)75.8Infrastructurequality1-7(best)2.520.2ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)24.645.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.4.964.8Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)17.882.2Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.91.088.1Banksystemdefaultriskz-score20.479.6Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem77,304100.0Ruralelectricitygap%urban0.0100.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)100.0Financialecosystem88.484.6Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter0.039.9Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem60.167.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)2.595.0Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.16.232.5Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)5.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations5.372.1Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.660.5Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)100100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita11.089.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)60.846.2Institutionalecosystem99.6Civilrights0-60(high)0.490.55.574.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)92.898.913.823.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)99.0100.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)100.097.797.7Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)39.260.84.89.65.270.70.496.02.256.332.532.50.968.75.168.5n.a.n.a.7474.04.863.61.682.51.989.22069.05896.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.664.90.187.64.965.73.587.5Economy1,4765-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-1.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/21,87410.2%Chad1%9.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%200020230-10.2%20000%Pillar200020232023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness22.3Sustainability23.8Resilience62.133.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators17.4mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth52.0Wealthinequality,top10%share63.2%17.4m8063.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202148.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP2.09%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.68%2.09%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions2MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce02Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023Chad2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)22.3Sustainability0-100(best)62.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)2.931.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)2.830.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)n.a.n.a.Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.033.6Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.337.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.36.036.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions79.179.1ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)20.1Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.954.1FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.440.8Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year73.773.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.838.7Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.033.4Financialecosystem5597.4TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.184.1Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)18.018.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP9.35.7Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.898.2Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.135.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.237.3Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)1.58.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem00.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.41.041.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem77.177.1Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.36.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)1099.5Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)544.2Waterresourcesm³percapita/year33.2Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50n.a.n.a.Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.00.1FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets4.092.0Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-1.127.0Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.439.9Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.3.542.0TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban3.337.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)3.745.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%23.8Institutionalecosystem1.83.6Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)0.43.2TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0.61.10-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)3.033.5Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem29.45.968.631.4Civilrights0-60(high)n.a.n.a.Politicalparticipation0-1(best)n.a.n.a.2,86626.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)14.985.1Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)67.757.038.561.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.947.942.914.114.328.73.236.92.321.0n.a.n.a.28.072.0100.00.083.116.93.236.217.90.08.414.06.20.03.03.040.440.459.540.54.07.93.033.89.19.01.41.40.512.5-1.323.33.135.1n.a.n.a.1919.03.033.5-1.323.541.30.02172.41423.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.327.80.818.42.830.82.358.3Economy24,4535-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/224,7484.5%Chile1.8%5.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.5%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness46.2Sustainability64.9Resilience49.557.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators19.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.0Wealthinequality,top10%share80.4%19.8m8082%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202138%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.07%Greenbonds,%GDP0.8%38%0.16%1.7%0%0%0%202220002022200020172000Production-basedCO₂emissions285MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions86MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce792Mt97Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Chile2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)46.2Sustainability0-100(best)49.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.964.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.253.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.169.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.542.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.659.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions87.487.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)89.089.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.358.0Financialecosystem37916.6Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.863.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year26.726.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystem0.840.2TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)4.456.8Technologyecosystem1,7080.0Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)84.084.0GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP124.676.4Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.446.1Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)1.1100.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.049.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.846.8Talentecosystem130.4InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)1.16.4Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)4.127.4Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)20.431.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem780.4Healthworkersper10,000pop.73.673.6Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem87.787.7Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.36.8Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)1,01949.1Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)49237.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/year57.4Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom508.657.4Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem2.014.4FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets19.062.0Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.0.969.0Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.152.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.3.134.4TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban3.236.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.050.4FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%64.9Institutionalecosystem2.44.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)2.116.5TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)29.754.30-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.354.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)30.869.2ICTcost%GNIpercapita82.376.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)18.281.8Institutionalecosystem17.083.048,313100.0Civilrights0-60(high)71.061.3100.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)11.776.50.062.5Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)37.571.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)6.713.3Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.269.25.34.660.27575.037.063.052.256.396.53.586.95.371.890.298.57.412.498.8100.0100.068.868.859.740.3-0.60.04.557.64.456.01.025.016.016.00.151.33.134.426.926.96767.04.253.20.968.30.796.22482.85693.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.765.00.281.14.253.33.075.0Economy15,9155-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/215,9154.1%Colombia2.8%4.7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.1%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness39.8Sustainability53.4Resilience47.847.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators51.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth69.0Wealthinequality,top10%share64.6%51.6m8076.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202160.4%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.69%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%65.7%0.69%0.1%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions292MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions109MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce799Mt132Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Colombia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)39.8Sustainability0-100(best)47.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.559.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.761.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.657.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.440.7Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.899.8Annualgreenhousegasemissions71.771.7ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)1807.9Renewableenergyconsumption%total5.960.9FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.355.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year31.331.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.122.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.151.4Financialecosystem56359.2Technologyecosystem52.052.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.363.6Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)54.333.3TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.227.4Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.050.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.744.8Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita40.1Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.26.7Talentecosystem4.227.8InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)23.936.5Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)510.3Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.56.256.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.72.172.1Talentecosystem0.35.8Healthworkersper10,000pop.51874.1Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)38929.9Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)47.9Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)4.530.1Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.85.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem12.974.2Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.254.4Bankconcentration%totalassets3.846.1Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.643.6Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.745.5Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.252.6Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban53.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.69.2FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.713.7Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)23.643.1TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.948.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)33.266.80-100(best)79.672.8Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)17.582.5Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)50.349.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)47,777100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita67.156.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)43.656.4Institutionalecosystem14.670.749.750.3Civilrights0-60(high)52.8Politicalparticipation0-1(best)6.813.74.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.456.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.049.55555.051.049.031.368.773.830.973.064.073.968.84.964.9100.0100.04.37.263.763.770.030.03.97.94.152.45.347.00.717.96.06.0-0.931.74.050.230.230.33939.03.948.0-0.541.01.989.52172.43965.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.663.10.548.73.948.12.153.6Economy21,9005-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/221,9004.1%CostaRica3.2%4.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness43.0Inclusiveness62.8Sustainability48.8Resilience56.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators5.2mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.0Wealthinequality,top10%share68.3%5.2m8078.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202163.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.73%Greenbonds,%GDP0%68%1.73%0%0%0%0%201920002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions28MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions11MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce78Mt13Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023CostaRica2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)43.0Sustainability0-100(best)48.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.066.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.863.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.759.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.152.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.93.093.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions64.664.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapita41818.4tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.863.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.881.5FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.847.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year36.436.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.59.059.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.119.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP60.437.0Financialecosystem48165.3TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.357.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.00.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.050.4InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.152.4Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)10.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%10.759.5Resilience0-100(best)5.335.6Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem14.221.6Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)120.1Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)62.962.9Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.66.566.6Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.47.4Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.44477.8TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)23217.9Resourcesecosystem56.6Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop4.227.9Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)1.711.9Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)15.768.6ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)0.559.2Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.152.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.3.338.7Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.3.846.0Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)4.457.1Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.62.8Technologyecosystem9.919.8Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter1.18.8Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)27.750.6Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem4.760.9Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)26.273.8Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations81.174.8Governmentadaptation1-7(best)25.974.10-100(best)39.560.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)22,267100.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)68.758.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita11.676.9Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)0.034.9Institutionalecosystem65.153.9Civilrights0-60(high)6.112.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)5.168.34.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.762.23131.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)38.062.055.951.814.285.882.877.04.964.780.576.719.632.799.899.867.467.541.358.72.75.44.660.21.288.01.231.311.311.30.967.53.135.525.225.25454.04.659.60.559.01.790.42379.35388.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.766.20.193.24.862.82.868.8Economy1/2CôteD'Ivoire6.3%7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP5,6865-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.9%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change5,6866%0%0-6%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness34.6Inclusiveness42.9Sustainability54.1Resilience45.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators28.4mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth54.8Wealthinequality,top10%share61.9%28.4m8072.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202156.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.18%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.74%1.31%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions12MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions15MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce012Mt15Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023CôteD'Ivoire2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)34.6Sustainability0-100(best)54.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.761.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.660.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.737.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.846.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.91.191.1Annualgreenhousegasemissions55.655.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)351.5Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.477.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.456.3Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year63.363.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.932.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.339.0Financialecosystem4598.1Technologyecosystem48.048.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.269.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)21.113.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.226.1Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.948.8Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.152.4Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.31.9Talentecosystem3.624.3InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)15.022.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)10.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.57.457.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.49.849.8Talentecosystem0.11.4Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem8196.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)14110.9Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)45.2Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)1.912.8Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.32.5Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem4.391.5Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.344.8Bankconcentration%totalassets4.558.4Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.355.4Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.559.1Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.457.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban42.9Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.38.6FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem0.43.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.62.9TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.151.8Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)42.823.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)n.a.n.a.ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)37.862.2Institutionalecosystemn.a.n.a.3,20229.1Civilrights0-60(high)18.481.7Politicalparticipation0-1(best)77.269.6n.a.n.a.Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)45.68.84.660.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)11.623.24.660.23.744.84040.036.064.068.337.372.927.145.427.24.050.043.933.019.031.747.647.667.867.8n.a.n.a.4.28.53.947.77.525.01.229.23.23.2-1.030.94.558.8n.a.n.a.3737.04.049.8-0.637.36.960.82793.13050.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.662.20.456.33.948.83.075.0Economy44,0565-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.7%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/244,0564.8%Cyprus3.4%4.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.8%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness55.4Sustainability64.5Resilience38.551.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators0.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth72.4Wealthinequality,top10%share66.4%0.9m8066.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202186.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.113.5%0%Datanotavailable0%-0%2020200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions8MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions7MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce49Mt12Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Cyprus2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)55.4Sustainability0-100(best)38.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.152.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.947.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.964.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.643.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.558.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.100.0100.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions100.0100.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapita50322.1tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.354.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total9.437.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.253.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year15.015.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.87.087.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.027.7Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP110.267.6Financialecosystem23184.1TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.610.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.111.8Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.151.2InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.050.2Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)10.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%51.0100.0Resilience0-100(best)3.925.9Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem28.142.8Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)100.1Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.n.a.n.a.Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.816.2Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.84257.9TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)28321.8Resourcesecosystem51.4Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop9.060.7Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)42.0100.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.967.2Infrastructurequality1-7(best)21.457.2Resourcesecosystem3.643.9Financialecosystem4.254.1Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)4.049.4Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.151.7Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.711.4Healthydietunaffordability%pop.64.5Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.427.2Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem53.898.1Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem4.354.5Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter35.864.2Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%80.774.3InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)40.559.5Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)73.626.4Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.83.978.6Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)9538.7Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations9.581.0Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)20.340.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)26.873.2Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.456.3Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)27.172.9InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)4.659.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.050.25656.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)44.056.084.817.9Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)100.00.087.74.761.590.899.76.110.199.8100.0100.088.888.844.355.74.18.24.863.84.258.01.333.314.514.50.458.93.643.042.942.95252.04.151.70.662.71.193.92482.85490.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.554.20.189.14.151.72.050.0Economy40,0485-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/241,0625.2%Czechia2.2%3.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-5.2%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness57.0Sustainability71.8Resilience45.558.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators10.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth68.8Wealthinequality,top10%share58.5%10.8m8058.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202144.2%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.01%Greenbonds,%GDP0.3%44.4%0%0.3%0%-0.01%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions697MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions100MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7128Mt125Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Czechia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)57.0Sustainability0-100(best)45.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.643.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.049.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.781.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.541.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.899.8Annualgreenhousegasemissions60.760.7ICTcapitalUSDpercapita1,50365.9tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)Renewableenergyconsumption%total9.636.0Financialecosystem4.761.0Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year17.017.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.557.9Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.658.7Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP94.094.0Financialecosystem14190.9Technologyecosystem53.232.6Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.530.5Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.00.3Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.253.3InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.151.9Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)361.2ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%5.731.9Resilience0-100(best)8.556.9Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem52.479.9Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)3351.7Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)77.377.3Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.71.671.7Inclusiveness0-100(best)2.039.7Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.1,10744.7TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)59445.7Resourcesecosystem58.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop11.879.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)5.136.5Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)1.477.0Infrastructurequality1-7(best)32.634.9Resourcesecosystem4.152.1Financialecosystem3.542.4Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)3.846.1Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.456.1Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets6.412.8Healthydietunaffordability%pop.71.8Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)6.653.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.863.8Technologyecosystem54.799.8Ruralelectricitygap%urban84.279.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem13.286.8Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter12.287.8Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%76.969.2Institutionalecosystem12.587.5Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)1,23011.2Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.1.397.5Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)19.081.0Technologyecosystem25.250.4Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)23.077.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)5.371.1Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)4.761.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita5.372.5Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)8585.0Institutionalecosystem12.088.063.243.3Civilrights0-60(high)99.9Politicalparticipation0-1(best)0.176.94.761.9Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)82.797.510.317.2Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)97.9100.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)100.074.474.453.546.54.89.73.961.05.371.71.230.01.069.230.430.43.541.75656.021.221.21.172.54.862.72586.21.293.4LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage5693.30.658.60.194.74.456.33.279.2Economy1/2DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo4.9%7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP1,2335-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1,2338.2%0%0%2000202302023-8.2%2000-7%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness21.9Sustainability27.5Resilience50.535.7Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators96.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth54.1Wealthinequality,top10%share62.2%96.8m8070.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202114.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.46%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.181.6%1.46%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions3MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce05Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)21.9Sustainability0-100(best)50.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.644.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.236.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.737.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.830.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.439.9ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.n.a.n.a.Annualgreenhousegasemissions93.893.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.033.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total5.861.3FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)2.626.7Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year96.296.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.931.7Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP26.026.0Financialecosystem8100.0TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.274.6Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)7.44.6GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem0.02.8PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.135.4Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%2.931.5Resilience0-100(best)00.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem0.10.4Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-643.825.4Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)00.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.15.515.5TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.39.939.9Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)0.48.1ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)599.8Lackofsocialprotection%pop886.8Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)35.7Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)2.215.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.00.0Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)5.888.4Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.-1.421.6Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.338.4Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.2.932.4Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.2.830.5Technologyecosystem3.642.7Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem27.5Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter3.26.4Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)0.86.4Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)3.66.6Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)3.338.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)48.851.2Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)41.722.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)87.312.7ICTcost%GNIpercapita85.914.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)14,594100.0Institutionalecosystem90.387.110.189.9Civilrights0-60(high)26.846.516.483.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)12.625.327.5Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)2.6Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.947.7Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)2.727.72222.035.065.077.726.285.514.53.135.122.90.05.69.411.60.02.32.35.35.353.047.04.28.32.830.49.37.02.52.51.229.2-1.617.72.930.910.410.52020.03.337.9-1.715.932.70.02172.41525.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.440.90.823.63.540.92.050.0Economy60,4135-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.6%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/260,4132.5%Denmark2.2%2.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202202023-2.5%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness73.4Sustainability77.6Resilience54.768.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators5.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.0Wealthinequality,top10%share50.7%5.9m8054%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202129.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.16%Greenbonds,%GDP2.3%52.4%0%2.3%0%-0.17%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions530MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions43MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce761Mt73Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Denmark2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)73.4Sustainability0-100(best)54.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.964.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.864.0Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.680.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.862.6Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.067.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions43.843.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total7.649.1Financialecosystem2,459100.0Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year39.739.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.371.4Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.473.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.964.8Greenpatentstotal16089.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP100.0100.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.163.3100.0Institutionalecosystem0.80.0PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.330.5ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%5.167.8Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem4.863.9Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-6430710.2Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)9.865.1Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)7.843.3Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)58.589.1Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)1,3136.6Resourcesecosystem82.582.5Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)93.993.9Lackofsocialprotection%pop3.059.4Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)75862.1Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)96974.5Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter68.5Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)12.684.3Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)10.977.8Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.1.886.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)32.335.4Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.473.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.253.3Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.5.067.4Technologyecosystem5.371.0Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem77.6Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter22.144.2Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem2.620.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)42.677.8TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations5.372.3Governmentadaptation1-7(best)7.792.30-100(best)82.076.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)18.781.3ICTcost%GNIpercapita6.893.2Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem88.184.21,0339.4Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)2.595.021.478.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)21.242.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)18.981.1Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)6.083.35.575.05.676.6100100.06.094.081.821.40.299.898.998.55.574.299.999.926.444.0100.0100.092.692.623.077.04.08.05.574.30.397.03.075.034.134.20.969.04.863.528.628.69090.05.372.51.988.70.597.229100.05795.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.771.30.098.05.473.33.895.8Economy1/2DominicanRepublic4.8%5.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP20,8495-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.6%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change20,8495.3%00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness33.8Inclusiveness52.5Sustainability38.7Resilience49.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators10.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth64.0Wealthinequality,top10%share61.6%10.6m8071.6%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202159.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.18%Greenbonds,%GDP0%71.5%0.44%0%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions229MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions31MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce729Mt73Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023DominicanRepublic2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)33.8Sustainability0-100(best)38.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.456.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.947.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.861.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.830.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.050.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.n.a.n.a.Annualgreenhousegasemissions57.957.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)1295.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total4.272.2FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.845.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year16.716.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.024.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.152.3Financialecosystem84538.0Technologyecosystem39.039.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.446.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)30.518.7TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.329.7Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.847.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.151.1Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita10.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.79.4Talentecosystem6.543.3InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)n.a.n.a.Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)50.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.29.729.7Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.60.760.7Talentecosystemn.a.n.a.Healthworkersper10,000pop.1,11744.1Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)876.7Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)49.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)2.214.8Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.06.8Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem11.377.4Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.151.8Bankconcentration%totalassets4.456.3Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.033.1Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.558.1Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.254.1Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban52.5Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.48.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.612.5Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)14.326.2TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.253.4Governmentadaptation1-7(best)17.782.30-100(best)77.069.3Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)39.061.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)45.854.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)2,26920.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita67.556.7Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)41.858.2Institutionalecosystem15.069.957.142.9Civilrights0-60(high)10.020.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.965.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.355.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.440.34141.049.051.078.125.725.874.285.280.35.472.844.934.232.654.396.096.075.175.144.455.64.38.54.253.35.446.01.333.36.56.50.152.84.152.141.141.13232.04.151.7-0.148.14.475.22379.34168.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.662.50.640.04.253.51.843.8Economy10,8525-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-1.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/212,0213.5%Ecuador0.7%4.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.5%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness31.6Sustainability52.9Resilience41.946.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators18mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth68.5Wealthinequality,top10%share57.2%18m8061.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202157.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.71%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%62.3%0.95%0.1%0%0%0%201920002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions041MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions41MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce744Mt50Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Ecuador2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)31.6Sustainability0-100(best)41.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.151.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.643.0Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.861.4Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.932.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.948.9ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.93.993.9Annualgreenhousegasemissions79.279.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)1215.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total4.768.4FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.745.7Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year20.120.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.029.2Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.135.1Financialecosystem57158.6Technologyecosystem47.047.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.354.4Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)47.429.1TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.00.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.542.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.338.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.42.2Talentecosystem3.019.8InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)14.822.6Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)30.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.58.958.9Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.59.459.4Talentecosystem0.48.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.71764.2Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)21316.4Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)46.2Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)2.315.1Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.86.0Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem11.876.5Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.736.0Bankconcentration%totalassets3.947.8Healthydietunaffordability%pop.2.729.1Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.2.829.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.644.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban52.9Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.69.2FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.411.1Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)22.340.7TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.745.3Governmentadaptation1-7(best)36.863.20-100(best)76.668.8Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)59.940.2Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)52.147.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)25,620100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita69.659.5Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)100.0Institutionalecosystem13.473.30.052.3Civilrights0-60(high)10.320.547.761.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)3.948.64.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.948.92020.048.052.055.552.319.780.376.268.33.744.567.160.79.515.9100.0100.026.326.360.439.65.09.93.642.56.436.01.230.06.96.9-0.344.72.830.024.624.63636.03.643.8-0.343.23.281.92689.74066.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.766.60.459.83.642.92.050.0Economy13,9885-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/213,9883.8%Egypt4.3%5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness39.6Inclusiveness44.1Sustainability49.6Resilience46.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators103.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth63.0Wealthinequality,top10%share63.8%103.6m8066.4%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202188.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.55%Greenbonds,%GDP0.2%98.3%0.73%0.2%0%0%0%202020002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2250MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions242MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7260Mt260Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Egypt2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)39.6Sustainability0-100(best)49.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.151.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.558.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.759.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.237.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.761.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions100.0100.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)98.098.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.477.5Financialecosystem35815.7Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.761.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year6.56.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystem0.653.1TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)4.762.0Technologyecosystem77243.5Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)20.020.0GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP27.116.6Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.266.7Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.224.8Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.456.2Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.5.067.0Talentecosystem10.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)1.910.4Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)4.932.8Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)22.734.7Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem170.1Healthworkersper10,000pop.41.741.7Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem84.884.8Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1.019.2Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)65867.1Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)38829.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/year46.5Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom504.227.9Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.32.0FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets7.884.5Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.539.8Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.254.1Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.3.542.4TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban4.456.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.456.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%44.1Institutionalecosystem0.51.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.411.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)7.112.90-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.659.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem70.260.317.882.2Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)65.334.746.353.7Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)22.20.05885.4Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)36.926.115.884.315.430.916.683.43.847.55.474.14.863.52828.039.061.074.530.061.638.472.162.84.456.5n.a.n.a.20.634.3100.0100.095.595.547.452.64.08.05.372.28.614.00.410.01.91.9-1.029.54.862.58.38.33030.0-0.245.14.863.32172.41.989.41220.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.326.80.732.04.762.31.845.8Economy9,5725-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.7%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/29,5722.2%ElSalvador2.1%3.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness31.6Inclusiveness41.8Sustainability43.9Resilience44.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators6.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth64.9Wealthinequality,top10%share58.5%6.3m8077.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202175.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.59%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.88.1%0.78%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions7MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions9MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce07Mt9Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023ElSalvador2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)31.6Sustainability0-100(best)43.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.252.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.440.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.351.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.728.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.049.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.76.076.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions35.335.3ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.439.2Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.490.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.948.5Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year23.723.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.28.028.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.023.9Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP62.138.1Financialecosystem32876.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.362.8Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.111.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.3.542.4InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.236.5Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)00.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%3.016.5Resilience0-100(best)5.134.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem19.129.2Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)00.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)41.141.2Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.63.463.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.23.3Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.32483.8TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)826.3Resourcesecosystem44.4Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop1.912.6Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)0.96.1Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)12.475.2ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)-0.343.2Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.050.8Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.2.220.3Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.2.931.0Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.745.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.41.8Technologyecosystem2.34.6Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter1.29.6Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)29.153.2Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem3.744.4Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)20.080.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations78.070.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)27.372.70-100(best)81.218.8Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)4,18338.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)59.746.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)31.268.8ICTcost%GNIpercapita23.852.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)54.046.0Institutionalecosystem10.120.1Civilrights0-60(high)4.760.9Politicalparticipation0-1(best)3.643.9Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.338.71616.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)42.058.074.430.1n.a.n.a.62.950.54.762.1n.a.n.a.20.634.394.894.813.313.338.062.04.89.63.542.15.248.01.025.04.14.1-0.245.83.541.030.830.83333.03.643.9-0.833.16.364.21862.13151.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.545.60.822.13.440.71.025.0Economy36,9525-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/238,4848.5%Estonia2.4%7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-8.5%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness64.3Sustainability75.6Resilience43.765.1Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators1.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth69.2Wealthinequality,top10%share66.4%1.4m8068.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202118.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.01%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.18.6%0%Datanotavailable0%-0.01%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions10MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions12MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce220Mt21Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Estonia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)64.3Sustainability0-100(best)43.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.354.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.456.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.781.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.253.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.167.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.099.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions87.087.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapita1,74476.5tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)Renewableenergyconsumption%total11.821.2Financialecosystem5.168.5Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year40.040.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.964.8Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.751.8Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP99.099.0Financialecosystem75944.4Technologyecosystem64.839.8Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.448.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.110.9Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.660.2InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.050.0Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)40.1ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%17.194.7Resilience0-100(best)8.254.7Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem30.246.1Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)390.2Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.n.a.n.a.Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.835.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.88355.9TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)37528.9Resourcesecosystem65.1Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop12.382.5Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)19.0100.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)1.681.2Infrastructurequality1-7(best)32.734.7Resourcesecosystem5.167.8Financialecosystem4.050.5Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)4.252.6Countrycreditrating0-100(best)5.168.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.75.6Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)19.739.4Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.636.6Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.5.169.1TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban79.372.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)38.670.5FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%5.294.8Institutionalecosystem9.091.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)84.979.9Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)34.365.7Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)9,65087.7Technologyecosystem2.096.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)15.684.4Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations16.833.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)26.074.00-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)6.082.8Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)4.660.6ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem5.371.08383.0Civilrights0-60(high)4.096.091.410.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)0.899.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)91.088.15.270.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)97.096.48.414.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)100.0100.099.599.51.32.621.079.06.083.11.090.02.050.031.431.40.865.14.456.539.639.67474.05.169.01.478.60.597.02793.15693.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.662.40.193.95.269.93.893.8Economy48,9065-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/249,4994.7%Finland1.1%3.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.7%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness68.0Sustainability77.7Resilience58.071.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators5.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.0Wealthinequality,top10%share56.1%5.5m8057.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202172.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.12%Greenbonds,%GDP1.5%74.7%0%1.5%0%-0.12%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions638MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions48MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce773Mt90Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Finland2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)68.0Sustainability0-100(best)58.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.457.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.659.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.577.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.863.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.474.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions95.895.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total14.44.2Financialecosystem1,22553.7Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)75.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year47.547.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.5Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.752.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystem52462.1Technologyecosystem5.168.9Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.621.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)98.098.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)100.261.5GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem1.0100.0PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.761.2Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)1424.7Scientificpublicationshindex4.761.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%8.547.3Resilience0-100(best)8.757.9Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.43.866.8TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem1,376Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-6475.775.7Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)2.96.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)82.282.2Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)81558.3Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)30484.8Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)16.462.7Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)8.7100.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.71.3Talentecosystem62.4Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1.988.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)37.824.4Lackofsocialprotection%pop5.778.9Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)3.745.4Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)5.168.4Waterresourcesm³percapita/year5.473.2Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom5077.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter31.162.2Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)3.628.9ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)43.278.9Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.5.676.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)13.586.5Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.85.780.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-score10.889.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem19,935100.0Ruralelectricitygap%urban0.0100.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)18.481.6Financialecosystem90.687.5Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter21.378.7Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem75.6Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)2.495.2Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)5.5Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.21.242.5Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations6.286.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)5.981.8Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)9696.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita6.094.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem0.0100.092.68.7Civilrights0-60(high)92.890.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)99.699.65.676.9Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)100.0100.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)17.128.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)95.895.830.169.92.04.15.879.30.496.02.870.031.531.51.069.65.067.129.029.08787.05.574.32.191.20.795.929100.060100.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.664.80.096.65.879.23.075.0Economy48,0045-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.4%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/248,0042.6%France1.1%2.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-2.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness66.7Sustainability71.9Resilience52.764.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators65.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth72.1Wealthinequality,top10%share59.3%65.6m8060.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021111.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.29%Greenbonds,%GDP1.2%114.7%0%1.5%0%-0.29%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions5306MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions375MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7416Mt551Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023France2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)66.7Sustainability0-100(best)52.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.253.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.557.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.271.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.049.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.964.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)62.062.0Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.099.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions6.060.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapita2,16094.7tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)Renewableenergyconsumption%total16.916.9Financialecosystem4.659.8Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)0.565.2Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year41270.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.457.4Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.623.8Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP98.098.0FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystem122.475.1Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.226.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.252.8Greenpatentstotal1,13737.9Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.761.2Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade6.644.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.5.932.6InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal52.479.8Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)69.469.4Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP9,47747.4Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)87.687.6Scientificpublicationshindex2.346.9Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita68265.9Knowledge-intensiveemployment%1,442100.0Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.10.973.1Talentecosystem64.3Institutionalecosystem5.942.0Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1.274.8Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)35.429.2Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)4.659.9Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.050.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)4.455.9Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.4.761.6TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)71.9Resourcesecosystem15.430.8Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)5.947.3Lackofsocialprotection%pop4.761.2Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)84.879.7Waterresourcesm³percapita/year33.260.7Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.0100.0Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter6.693.4Socialmobility1-7(best)87.383.0Infrastructurequality1-7(best)19.980.1ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem3,24229.5Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)7.784.6Countrycreditrating0-100(best)15.284.8Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.23.246.3Bankconcentration%totalassets16.483.6Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.168.0Banksystemdefaultriskz-score5.777.7Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban5.269.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)9292.0Financialecosystem12.088.0Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter66.339.7Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%99.8InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)0.281.5Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)5.371.9Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.86.199.6Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)20.033.3Technologyecosystem99.7100.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations100.0Governmentadaptation1-7(best)97.697.60-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)19.480.6Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.99.8Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)1.090.0Institutionalecosystem4.761.20.615.0Civilrights0-60(high)0.457.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)27.327.34.253.7Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)7272.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)33.033.01.375.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.557.929100.00.796.1LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage5185.00.661.90.191.84.660.33.280.0Economy18,2635-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/218,2639.8%Georgia4.3%6.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness44.1Inclusiveness60.7Sustainability41.6Resilience54.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators3.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth64.7Wealthinequality,top10%share59.8%4.1m8060.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202139.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP3.93%Greenbonds,%GDP1.5%60.2%5.31%2.1%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions211MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions13MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce711Mt13Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Georgia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)44.1Sustainability0-100(best)41.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.964.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.659.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)n.a.n.a.Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.456.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.660.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.799.7Annualgreenhousegasemissions75.475.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapita23310.2tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.964.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.981.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.863.8Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year23.523.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.62.062.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.116.9Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP79.949.0Financialecosystem39371.9TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.270.1Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.00.0Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.659.5InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.558.5Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)10.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%3.720.7Resilience0-100(best)5.234.7Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem12.419.0Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)30.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)24.824.8Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.28.028.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.35.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.1,20639.7TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)23718.2Resourcesecosystem54.8Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop2.718.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)0.53.9Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)22.854.4ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)1.171.2Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.558.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.5.169.1Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.4.965.7Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)4.559.2Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.60.7Technologyecosystem1.42.8Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter2.923.1Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)54.098.6Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem4.964.3Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)23.376.7Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations68.257.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)21.778.30-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)17,006100.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)2.997.1Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)31.568.5ICTcost%GNIpercapita75.367.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)27.972.1Institutionalecosystem66.9Civilrights0-60(high)2.894.45.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)14.529.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.964.4Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.863.84545.069.031.084.218.5n.a.n.a.76.468.65.473.269.163.17.913.299.999.981.181.136.163.94.79.35.067.38.020.04.24.20.26.3-0.441.55.168.023.123.15656.04.864.01.989.30.253.43660.02172.40.657.20.185.1LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage4.660.43.075.0Economy53,9455-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/254,2762.1%Germany1.1%1.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness69.4Inclusiveness72.9Sustainability56.3Resilience65.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators83.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.9Wealthinequality,top10%share58.9%83.8m8060.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202166.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.23%Greenbonds,%GDP1.5%82%0%1.5%0%-0.23%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions6675MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions769MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7916Mt1083Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Germany2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)69.4Sustainability0-100(best)56.3TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.152.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.150.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.781.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.457.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)67.367.3Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.999.9Annualgreenhousegasemissions9.040.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapita97542.8tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.660.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total18.618.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)0.561.9Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.558.8Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year34175.9Digitalpayments%adultpop.99.099.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.615.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP85.752.6FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.329.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)4.558.3TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.965.4Greenpatentstotal2,98499.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP6.033.4Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade9.965.8Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.61.293.4InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal24,790100.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)82.882.8Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.162.2Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)91.991.9Scientificpublicationshindex1,602100.0Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita1,36431.8Knowledge-intensiveemployment%11.274.9Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.9.064.6Talentecosystem65.5InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)1.682.6Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)35.229.6Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)4.761.9Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)4.050.3Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)4.558.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.863.1Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.9.018.0Talentecosystem72.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.8.064.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)4.659.6Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)45.282.5Lackofsocialprotection%pop88.084.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/year8.991.1Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)0.0100.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter13.087.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom5084.379.1Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter1,85316.9Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)17.682.4Resourcesecosystem2.794.7Financialecosystem16.383.7Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)18.637.3Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.167.6Healthydietunaffordability%pop.5.270.1Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score100100.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.760.9Technologyecosystem79.424.2Ruralelectricitygap%urban10.090.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem99.8Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.067.3Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%0.288.6Institutionalecosystem16.026.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)91.499.9Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.99.9100.0Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)97.497.4Technologyecosystem100.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)32.467.6Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)3.46.8Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)0.793.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)1.845.8ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.964.9Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)0.865.1Institutionalecosystem4.253.0Civilrights0-60(high)29.129.17979.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)1.682.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)27.027.029100.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.558.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)0.398.4LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage5591.70.766.20.097.24.660.83.485.7Economy5,6415-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/25,7185.7%Ghana3.8%7.1%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness36.9Inclusiveness48.6Sustainability53.5Resilience51.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators32.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth58.0Wealthinequality,top10%share62.3%32.1m8064.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202192.4%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.57%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%92.4%0.59%0.1%0%0%0%202020002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions021MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions23MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce721Mt24Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Ghana2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)36.9Sustainability0-100(best)53.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.659.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.948.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.556.2Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.541.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.456.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.67.767.7Annualgreenhousegasemissions55.755.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)1195.2Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.689.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.355.1Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year40.340.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.841.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.542.3Financialecosystem4897.9TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.277.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)66.066.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP13.28.1Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.221.1Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.253.7Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.151.9Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)8.446.8Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)3.623.9Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)10.816.5Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem10.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.42.542.5Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem75.875.8Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.47.5Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)11394.3Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)21516.5Waterresourcesm³percapita/year51.2Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.95.9Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.00.2FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets6.088.1Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.246.0Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.151.5Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.862.8TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban4.049.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.254.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%48.6Institutionalecosystem2.14.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)0.97.2TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)1.63.00-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)3.948.5Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)45.854.2ICTcost%GNIpercapita47.830.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)25.474.6Institutionalecosystem74.725.31,86316.9Civilrights0-60(high)94.692.810.689.5Politicalparticipation0-1(best)35.129.8Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)12.224.47.892.2Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.049.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.659.94.049.41111.049.051.032.879.077.422.668.257.64.050.744.533.713.923.277.777.886.786.736.363.74.18.34.253.83.268.01.025.010.910.90.151.34.355.5n.a.n.a.4343.03.948.2-0.148.44.773.32689.74575.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.439.90.282.63.947.73.075.0Economy32,5645-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/237,5956%Greece1.1%4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%0-6%-4%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness45.7Inclusiveness63.7Sustainability45.8Resilience54.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators10.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.9Wealthinequality,top10%share60.7%11.1m8060.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021178.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0.3%212.4%0%0.5%0%-0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions256MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions53MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7115Mt109Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Greece2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)45.7Sustainability0-100(best)45.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.846.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.847.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.169.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.440.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.299.2Annualgreenhousegasemissions65.065.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapita62927.6tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.151.5Renewableenergyconsumption%total5.662.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.847.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year20.120.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.91.091.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.752.6Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP82.350.5Financialecosystem96628.9TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.527.1Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.556.4Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.3.948.4InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.237.2Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)90.3ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%3.016.7Resilience0-100(best)5.033.3Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem21.733.1Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1210.6Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)64.764.7Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.83.183.1Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.529.9Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.81159.5TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)65950.7Resourcesecosystem54.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop6.342.4Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)1.511.1Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.458.8Infrastructurequality1-7(best)36.027.9Resourcesecosystem3.440.5Financialecosystem3.439.2Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)4.252.6Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.846.6Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.210.4Healthydietunaffordability%pop.63.7Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)4.233.6Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem63.1100.0Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem4.254.1Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter27.272.8Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%77.269.6Institutionalecosystem22.078.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)36.263.8Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)6,37958.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.74.065.3Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)12.687.4Technologyecosystem11.776.5Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)19.880.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations21.542.9Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)5.167.5Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.557.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem4.660.84646.0Civilrights0-60(high)31.069.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)97.892.49.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)2.271.3Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)78.598.74.455.9Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)98.9100.0100.06.611.194.094.041.758.3-1.80.04.354.65.842.00.818.813.713.70.253.14.557.935.235.25252.04.151.30.357.01.691.02793.15185.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.663.20.192.14.253.42.460.7Economy8,6555-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/28,6551.9%Guatemala3.5%3.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness32.3Inclusiveness41.4Sustainability47.5Resilience43.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators18.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth62.3Wealthinequality,top10%share61.7%18.6m8071.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202129.2%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.25%Greenbonds,%GDP0.8%31.5%0.4%0.8%0%0%0%202120002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions020MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions21MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce720Mt24Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Guatemala2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)32.3Sustainability0-100(best)47.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.761.8Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.947.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.043.4Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.033.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.88.088.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions58.958.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)411.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.881.2FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.847.5Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year65.565.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.028.7Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.253.3Financialecosystem18987.3Technologyecosystem26.026.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.276.4Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)35.922.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.01.3Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.354.2Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.846.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.89.9Talentecosystem4.630.5InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)22.434.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)10.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.13.013.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.52.152.1Talentecosystem0.11.2Healthworkersper10,000pop.21589.2Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1199.2Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)43.8Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)1.811.8Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.31.9Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem7.884.3Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.343.6Bankconcentration%totalassets4.254.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.2.829.4Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.237.5Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.152.3Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban41.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)3.06.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem0.43.5Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)12.823.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.050.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)13.986.10-100(best)58.744.9Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)38.161.9Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)86.713.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)7,27666.1ICTcost%GNIpercapita50.233.6Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)43.256.8Institutionalecosystem35.030.161.238.8Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)9.318.63.337.7Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.456.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.440.34545.037.063.064.741.5n.a.n.a.50.834.55.676.156.347.830.751.299.599.513.113.154.945.14.38.54.151.36.832.00.820.06.36.3-0.442.23.033.536.936.92424.04.049.3-1.128.16.960.62172.42948.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.549.60.733.34.050.41.025.0Economy5,8515-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.6%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/25,8513.4%Honduras3.1%4.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.4%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness28.6Sustainability44.3Resilience45.942.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators10.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth63.0Wealthinequality,top10%share61.5%10.3m8071.6%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202149.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP2.3%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.67.8%2.3%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions11MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions8MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce211Mt18Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Honduras2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)28.6Sustainability0-100(best)45.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.847.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.440.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.454.2Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.626.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.847.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.78.578.5Annualgreenhousegasemissions69.569.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.033.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.577.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.541.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year50.150.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.32.032.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.027.5Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP69.842.8Financialecosystem16589.1TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.267.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.114.0Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.3.541.9InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.542.0Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)00.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%1.26.7Resilience0-100(best)2.617.5Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem7.210.9Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)00.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)21.221.2Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.46.946.9Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.11.2Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.7696.2Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)846.5Resourcesecosystem42.3Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop1.611.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)0.32.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)6.587.0ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)-0.539.6Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.846.7Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.1.813.9Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.2.219.3Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.541.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.44.3Technologyecosystem3.87.6Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter0.65.1Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)4.98.9Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem3.846.5Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)24.375.7Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations64.352.4Governmentadaptation1-7(best)31.968.10-100(best)73.426.6Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)9,43385.8Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)65.654.1Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)43.956.1ICTcost%GNIpercapita21.656.8Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)66.533.5InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)9.318.63.745.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)3.643.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.033.43737.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)50.050.061.745.144.855.248.130.84.355.865.258.428.647.785.785.72.22.234.165.94.38.63.643.36.832.00.818.85.55.5-0.637.82.321.153.253.22323.03.745.7-1.128.62482.810.540.2LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage2643.30.657.00.460.73.643.82.050.0Economy35,6175-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/235,6734.6%Hungary3.1%4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness49.4Sustainability66.1Resilience51.658.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators9.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth67.2Wealthinequality,top10%share67.3%10.2m8067.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202173.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.02%Greenbonds,%GDP1%80.3%0%1%0%-0.02%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions548MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions61MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce762Mt83Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Hungary2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)49.4Sustainability0-100(best)51.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystem3.7Availabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.236.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.345.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.475.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)37.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.150.9Resourcesecosystem60.1ResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)5.860.1Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.299.2Annualgreenhousegasemissions61.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapita48321.2tonsCO₂equiv.percap.14.814.8Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.659.5Renewableenergyconsumption%total0.473.1FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)44967.7Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.354.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.446.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.86.086.0Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP38.023.3Financialecosystem0.445.2TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)3.745.0Technologyecosystem200.7Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal10.268.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.049.2Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem84.784.7Patentapplicationstotal8.446.4Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)81.581.5Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)1,29035.5Scientificpublicationshindex53.381.3Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita58.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)30.5Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.2251.1Talentecosystem3.338.9InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-643.937.6Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)1.631.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)5.948.7Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)7.011.8Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)57744.4Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.56.1Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.32.960.1Talentecosystem9.362.2Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem10.489.6Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)2.921.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)14.485.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)10,64296.7Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.560.0Waterresourcesm³percapita/year15.884.2Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)3.439.8Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter23.576.5Incomedistribution%sharebottom503.949.0Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter64.6Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)4.9Resourcesecosystem66.1Financialecosystem60.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)6046.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.4.355.7Bankconcentration%totalassets60.963.5Healthydietunaffordability%pop.79.572.6Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)11.8Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.10.090.0Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.8Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.79.272.3Technologyecosystem7.191.3Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)75.3Financialecosystem2.994.3Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter91.3Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%22.545.1Institutionalecosystem24.738.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)0.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.4.355.7Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)6.2TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.067.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.864.2Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0.949.80-100(best)10.090.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)4.042.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)98.5Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)4260.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita1.584.9Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)0.593.1Institutionalecosystem88.6100.027Civilrights0-60(high)100.0100.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)100.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.97.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.269.616.416.429.229.2LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.847.21.392.84270.00.658.00.282.94.253.71.435.7Economy57,0455-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/257,9984.5%Iceland3%5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.5%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness59.0Sustainability77.7Resilience39.462.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators0.4mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth72.0Wealthinequality,top10%share56.7%0.4m8059.6%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202168.9%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.07%Greenbonds,%GDP2.6%138.2%0%3.1%0%-0.07%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions23MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce74MtDatanotavailable20000t2000020212023Iceland2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)59.0Sustainability0-100(best)39.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystem4.9Availabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.864.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.564.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.372.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)58.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.270.8Resourcesecosystem82.3ResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)12.082.3Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.100.0100.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions82.820.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapita1,64272.0tonsCO₂equiv.percap.82.8Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)81.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.118.5Financialecosystem5.9Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)82139.8Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.862.6Totalwastetonspercapita/year8.8Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP100.0100.0Financialecosystem0.0TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)99.861.3Technologyecosystem4Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal3.80.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.558.8Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade25.1Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystemn.a.Patentapplicationstotal4.253.7Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)566n.a.Scientificpublicationshindex4.726.3Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita71.7Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)23.262.6Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.14.922.7Talentecosystem4.7InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-645.053.7Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)300.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)62.4Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)22.665.9Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)2.549.5Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.2.845.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.22.6Talentecosystem39430.3Healthworkersper10,000pop.38.971.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)9.866.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)46.653.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)45.854.2Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)6.043.0Waterresourcesm³percapita/year476,191100.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter100.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom501.580.6Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter0.074.9Socialmobility1-7(best)4.965.6Infrastructurequality1-7(best)25.162.3Resourcesecosystem4.456.9FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.775.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.77.7Bankconcentration%totalassets0.0Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)75Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.472.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-score100.068.5Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.88.985.2Technologyecosystem2.1Ruralelectricitygap%urban14.785.3Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)5.1Financialecosystem90.387.1Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter1.379.8Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem71.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)2.295.6Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)79.8Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.25.450.9Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)29.096.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)37.5Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations5.981.9Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0.477.50-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)1.559.7Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)5.168.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)1.474.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.096.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)4.685.1Institutionalecosystem0.199.97472.4Civilrights0-60(high)99.799.61.8Politicalparticipation0-1(best)100.0100.021Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)100.0100.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.010.16.084.038.438.436.036.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage5.269.80.497.65795.00.768.60.192.75.473.63.075.0Economy7,5025-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change3.1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/27,5026.9%India5.5%7.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness40.2Inclusiveness41.7Sustainability56.0Resilience51.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators1417.2mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth60.3Wealthinequality,top10%share64.5%1417.2m8064.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202181%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.29%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%88.5%0.32%0.1%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions22710MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions2277MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce72710Mt2468Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023India2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)40.2Sustainability0-100(best)56.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.440.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.643.0Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.248.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.745.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.744.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.98.798.7Annualgreenhousegasemissions61.961.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)813.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.881.5FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.745.3Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year35.835.8Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.934.7Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.049.2Financialecosystem55759.6Technologyecosystem35.035.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.180.5Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)54.633.5TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.337.7Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.948.9Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.744.7Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita2337.8Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.7.139.6Talentecosystem5.435.9InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)44.668.0Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)2,48512.4Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.85.085.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.88.288.2Talentecosystem0.713.1Healthworkersper10,000pop.24687.7Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)81262.5Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)51.2Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)2.013.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.32.4Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem10.279.7Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.148.4Bankconcentration%totalassets3.440.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.947.5Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.845.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.744.3Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban41.7Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)0.71.4FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem0.54.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)7.313.3TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.642.9Governmentadaptation1-7(best)18.381.70-100(best)63.351.1Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)21.378.8Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)75.624.4Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)1,38212.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita36.014.7Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)19.380.7Institutionalecosystem36.926.311.288.8Civilrights0-60(high)13.126.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.354.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)3.745.1Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.948.05656.061.039.040.969.574.125.946.328.44.050.5n.a.n.a.19.432.499.399.397.597.540.359.76.011.93.440.44.555.00.718.26.86.8-0.637.73.846.117.617.64040.03.542.4-0.148.41.193.82689.73355.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.655.80.554.63.642.72.766.7Economy12,9365-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/212,9364.5%Indonesia4.1%5.7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.5%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness44.6Sustainability50.4Resilience45.157.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators274.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth62.8Wealthinequality,top10%share61%274.9m8061.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202140.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.24%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%87.4%0.34%0.1%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions3619MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions624MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7659Mt668Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Indonesia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)44.6Sustainability0-100(best)45.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.270.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.269.4Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.350.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)5.066.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.575.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.97.097.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions70.670.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)381.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total7.549.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)5.372.3Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year22.022.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.751.8Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP5.168.8Financialecosystem82339.7Technologyecosystem37.037.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.365.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)38.723.7TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.15.8Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal5.067.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex5.168.3Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita10.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.84.4Talentecosystem5.536.8InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)35.053.4Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)140.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.32.332.3Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.53.453.4Talentecosystem0.35.6Healthworkersper10,000pop.64367.9Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)30923.8Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)57.9Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)2.114.2Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.42.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem10.179.8Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.356.0Bankconcentration%totalassets4.964.7Healthydietunaffordability%pop.5.371.8Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.472.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-score5.371.9Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban50.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.83.6FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.08.3Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)7.012.7TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.457.0Governmentadaptation1-7(best)20.279.80-100(best)54.839.7Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)13.087.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)72.227.8Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)7,56368.8ICTcost%GNIpercapita64.552.6Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)100.0Institutionalecosystem17.365.50.088.8Civilrights0-60(high)16.532.911.272.9Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)5.371.95.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.169.06060.051.049.070.829.243.366.762.149.530.316.75.168.198.398.35.38.894.994.942.257.84.59.05.575.64.753.01.230.010.010.0-0.539.95.575.528.128.13434.04.355.8-0.245.52.585.82275.92846.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.662.40.552.94.354.32.868.8Economy1/2Iran(IslamicRepublicof)2.4%4.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP16,2905-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change16,2904%0%0-4%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness34.7Inclusiveness45.4Sustainability35.5Resilience38.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators85.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.3Wealthinequality,top10%share62%85.7m8065.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202134.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.01%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.48.3%0.03%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions749MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions658MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce0749Mt658Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Iran(IslamicRepublicof)2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)34.7Sustainability0-100(best)35.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.744.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.032.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.556.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.423.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.151.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions89.389.3ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)81.081.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total11.821.1FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)572.5Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.236.8Financialecosystem1.01.0TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.933.8Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP3.135.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade1,12516.9Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.84.084.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal60.337.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.269.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita0.01.2Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.541.3TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)3.542.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)10.0Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)0.42.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.630.5Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem44.768.2Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)110.1Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)68.668.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)82.282.2Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.815.8Waterresourcesm³percapita/year1,46526.8Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom5046335.6Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter38.9Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem3.322.2FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.1.28.8Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score11.177.8Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban-1.617.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)2.525.1Financialecosystem2.423.7Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%2.422.7Institutionalecosystem3.440.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.45.4Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)2.04.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)1.612.50-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)15.127.6ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem3.236.0Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)74.365.728.871.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)53.846.2Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)72.227.81,65215.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)18.881.219.50.018.281.85.090.03.541.013.326.63.236.63.643.8n.a.n.a.23.077.030.070.0100.00.078.671.594.293.12.931.0100.0100.0n.a.n.a.81.181.141.458.64.28.43.337.99.82.012.412.41.025.0-1.617.62.626.920.120.12525.03.134.41.790.6-0.931.1813.32172.40.110.80.637.9LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage2.931.42.255.0Economy112,4345-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change5.9%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/2112,4348.8%Ireland8.6%8.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-8.8%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness63.8Sustainability70.2Resilience42.463.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators5.2mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.1Wealthinequality,top10%share66%5.2m8072.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202144.4%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.02%Greenbonds,%GDP0.8%120.1%0%0.8%0%-0.04%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions638MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions44MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce748Mt73Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Ireland2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)63.8Sustainability0-100(best)42.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystem4.4Availabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.659.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.155.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.270.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)51.3Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.066.9Resourcesecosystem39.9ResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)11.539.9Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.90.090.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions13.723.1ICTcapitalUSDpercapita2,892100.0tonsCO₂equiv.percap.13.7Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)Renewableenergyconsumption%total0.747.3Financialecosystem4.355.2Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)29279.5Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.616.8Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.456.9Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP98.098.0Financialecosystem0.115.1Technologyecosystem32.419.9Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem311.1Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.660.2Greenpatentstotal2.416.3Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.660.6Institutionalecosystem79.679.6PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)87.587.5Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP66.2100.0Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)65667.2ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita63.2Knowledge-intensiveemployment%54.883.5Resilience0-100(best)23.2Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem4.353.6Institutionalecosystem4702.4Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-645.155.0Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)68.2Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1.224.7Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)12.024.0Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.3.023.8Inclusiveness0-100(best)68152.4Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.74.1TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.40.6Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)9.966.7Resourcesecosystem70.2Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)29.876.4Lackofsocialprotection%pop8.258.6Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)23.695.5Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/year10,50763.3Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)1.681.2Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter36.751.2Incomedistribution%sharebottom505.066.8Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter48.866.7Socialmobility1-7(best)4.965.4Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem5.083.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)70.2Countrycreditrating0-100(best)30.9Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets8356.1Healthydietunaffordability%pop.5.066.9Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)73.818.3Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.82.776.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.10.189.9Technologyecosystem4.485.9Ruralelectricitygap%urban84.279.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)11.064.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%3.493.2Institutionalecosystem85.995.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)20.140.3Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)36.050.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)67.1Technologyecosystem5.270.1Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.553.7Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)2.077.00-100(best)3.846.3Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)0.980.6Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)7.093.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)4.296.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita0.199.9Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)77Institutionalecosystem95.293.61.5Civilrights0-60(high)96.095.228Politicalparticipation0-1(best)100.0100.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)-3.40.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.762.432.232.236.636.6LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage4.762.40.497.65896.70.664.70.193.85.168.21.025.0Economy44,3235-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/245,5222.1%Italy0.7%1.7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-2.1%20002023-1.7%Pillar2000100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness58.4Sustainability66.8Resilience50.658.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators59mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.9Wealthinequality,top10%share56.2%60.3m8059.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021144.4%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.03%Greenbonds,%GDP1%154.9%0%1%0%-0.04%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions5329MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions389MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7502Mt639Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Italy2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)58.4Sustainability0-100(best)50.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.558.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.456.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.270.2Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.659.5Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.659.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)66.366.3Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.100.0100.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions6.358.1ICTcapitalUSDpercapita1,05746.3tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)57.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total18.718.7Financialecosystem4.4Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)0.656.9Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year56559.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.457.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.530.6Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP96.096.0FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystem83.351.1Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.114.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.558.9Greenpatentstotal39513.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.761.3Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltraden.a.n.a.Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.2.916.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal42.965.4Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)80.080.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4,71123.6Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)82.582.5Scientificpublicationshindex1.530.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita78360.9Knowledge-intensiveemployment%1,27598.1Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.8.858.9Talentecosystem58.8Institutionalecosystem7.453.0Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)37.924.3Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.661.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.4.557.7Talentecosystem4.152.1Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)4.252.6Resourcesecosystem4.457.1Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop66.8Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)3.67.2Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter3.125.1Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)41.375.3ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)4.354.8Countrycreditrating0-100(best)7.692.4Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.83.878.5Bankconcentration%totalassets21.079.0Healthydietunaffordability%pop.14.385.7Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3,20029.1Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.70.160.1Banksystemdefaultriskz-score12.787.3Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.10.179.9Technologyecosystem10.189.9Ruralelectricitygap%urban16.633.2Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter4.761.5Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%4.355.3InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.4.558.1Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)6262.0Technologyecosystem11.089.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)62.644.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations98.5Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)1.566.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)4.761.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)74.991.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)13.222.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita92.7100.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem100.096.196.1Civilrights0-60(high)25.474.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)2.55.1Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.253.82.080.00.820.024.924.90.661.64.557.824.124.15656.04.252.70.355.40.696.42793.15490.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.875.90.095.83.948.83.485.0Economy10,6155-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/210,6181.7%Jamaica0.8%1.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-1.7%20002023-1.3%Pillar2000100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness36.1Sustainability55.6Resilience43.144.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators2.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.6Wealthinequality,top10%share61.7%2.7m8071.6%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202177.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.34%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.143.9%0.47%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions8MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions6MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce212Mt8Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Jamaica2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)36.1Sustainability0-100(best)43.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.745.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.542.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.657.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.729.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.049.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.099.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions69.069.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)934.1Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.278.8FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.745.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year11.411.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.122.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.847.2Financialecosystem45967.0Technologyecosystem50.050.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.449.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)56.334.6TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.00.5Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.846.9Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.643.1Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.720.8Talentecosystem5.738.2InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)18.828.6Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)10.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.50.550.5Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.55.655.6Talentecosystem0.11.2Healthworkersper10,000pop.20589.7Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1299.9Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)44.5Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)1.610.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.42.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem10.279.5Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.254.0Bankconcentration%totalassets4.253.9Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.355.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.151.8Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.354.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban55.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)2.24.4FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.713.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)5.510.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.253.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)40.859.20-100(best)74.165.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)36.064.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)69.230.8Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)3,95936.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita80.173.5Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)43.956.1Institutionalecosystem45.554.5Civilrights0-60(high)6.587.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)9.318.64.253.3Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.354.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.542.43333.036.064.083.419.562.637.482.476.54.558.5n.a.n.a.15.525.8100.0100.032.532.548.151.94.38.54.050.64.258.01.231.312.412.40.254.53.846.226.526.54444.04.252.8-0.246.65.270.62172.44676.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.660.00.187.24.254.03.075.0Economy42,5765-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.4%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/242,5761.6%Japan0.5%1.2%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-1.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness66.4Sustainability68.7Resilience52.666.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators125.2mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth74.1Wealthinequality,top10%share58.6%127.8m8059%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021260.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.26%Greenbonds,%GDP0.3%260.1%0%0.3%0%-0.26%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions71067MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions1187MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce71316Mt1588Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Japan2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)66.4Sustainability0-100(best)52.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.354.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)2.931.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.679.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.457.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.050.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions88.488.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)93.293.2Renewableenergyconsumption%total8.841.3Financialecosystem1,38860.9Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year8.58.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.559.0Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.655.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.965.2Greenpatentstotal62454.6Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP96.096.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.192.8100.0Institutionalecosystem0.353.0PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.442.7ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.151.4Resilience0-100(best)6,883100.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.457.2Talentecosystem8.556.5Institutionalecosystem3.016.9Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)56.986.8Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)68.368.3Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)67,223100.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)3.365.5Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.78.478.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)1,25196.2Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem5.134.4Healthworkersper10,000pop.2,1720.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)1.913.7ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)66.3Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/year51.20.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.477.6Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter3.135.3Socialmobility1-7(best)5.779.1Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem4.456.9Financialecosystem4.254.2Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.68.7Bankconcentration%totalassetsn.a.n.a.Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score13.0100.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)26.147.7FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%4.151.8Institutionalecosystem13.087.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)83.578.0Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)18.082.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)3,40731.0Technologyecosystem7.592.5Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)24.175.9Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations75.967.9Governmentadaptation1-7(best)21.079.00-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.591.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)6.693.3ICTcost%GNIpercapita16.833.6Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)5.269.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)5.574.97777.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)13.087.046.363.1Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)98.02.077.25.270.682.998.412.921.498.7100.0100.097.897.842.257.84.89.55.168.00.397.02.562.532.432.41.070.63.744.913.813.87373.03.745.11.681.61.591.32689.75693.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.656.50.095.53.439.33.383.3Economy10,4645-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/211,6754.2%Jordan1.9%6.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.2%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness45.1Sustainability53.0Resilience58.255.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators10.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth67.6Wealthinequality,top10%share61.1%10.3m8061.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202194.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.49%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.99.3%2.01%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions26MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions29MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce226Mt36Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Jordan2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)45.1Sustainability0-100(best)58.2TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.965.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.575.4Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.964.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)5.066.6Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.269.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.099.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions100.0100.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)90.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.377.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)5.372.1Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year11.011.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.025.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP5.066.5Financialecosystem10993.3Technologyecosystem36.036.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.358.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)83.151.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.449.7Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.964.3Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.965.1Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita10.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.37.1Talentecosystem4.228.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)24.236.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)50.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.68.268.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.72.272.2Talentecosystem0.713.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.20190.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)24218.6Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)55.0Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)3.523.8Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.53.9Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem6.088.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.153.0Bankconcentration%totalassets5.371.1Healthydietunaffordability%pop.5.169.1Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.065.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.863.7Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban53.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.02.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.511.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)25.145.9TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.863.2Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)64.953.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)24.475.6ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem73.426.628.871.2Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)22.70.01061.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)15.469.116.084.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)14.328.626.673.45.066.25.270.44.558.93636.049.051.063.143.47.192.95.473.882.877.050.183.585.782.998.898.871.071.073.027.04.48.76.083.96.931.02.254.22.22.2-0.344.55.169.122.422.44747.04.863.50.254.34.276.52482.82236.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.329.40.459.75.065.92.255.0Economy26,7225-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/226,7229.7%Kazakhstan2.7%8.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness34.6Inclusiveness63.2Sustainability28.9Resilience49.1Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators19.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.0Wealthinequality,top10%share60.6%19.8m8061.4%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202123.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.22%Greenbonds,%GDP0%26.4%0.34%0%0%0%0%202020002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2277MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions186MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7332Mt208Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Kazakhstan2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)34.6Sustainability0-100(best)28.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.440.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.135.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.169.1Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.627.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.642.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions62.662.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)85.085.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total19.50.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)2059.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.845.9Financialecosystem1.81.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.745.6Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP3.542.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade1,3490.1Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.78.078.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal25.615.7Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.361.4Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita0.222.2Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.541.5TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)3.338.7Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)10.1Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)0.84.2Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.7.751.1Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem16.925.8Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)50.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)42.142.1Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.12.6Waterresourcesm³percapita/year55.755.7Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom5015411.9Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter2,6020.0Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystemn.a.n.a.Financialecosystem49.1Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.32.5Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.0.151.8Banksystemdefaultriskz-score12.974.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.3.644.1Technologyecosystem4.050.7Ruralelectricitygap%urban3.540.9Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)3.642.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimportern.a.n.a.Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%63.2Institutionalecosystem6.148.5Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)40.373.5TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.948.9Governmentadaptation1-7(best)53.446.60-100(best)80.373.8Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)27.472.6Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)5,82152.9ICTcost%GNIpercapita0.0100.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)52.947.1Institutionalecosystem84.979.857.142.9Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)3.293.74.354.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)19.639.1Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.659.44.050.35858.018.082.097.760.346.72.387.990.987.33.745.889.3100.0100.03.04.993.293.251.049.04.69.14.761.18.416.01.639.310.010.0-0.344.93.440.7n.a.n.a.3636.03.948.7-0.540.31.492.31758.61830.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.325.60.374.23.947.72.255.0Economy26,7225-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/226,7229.7%Kazakhstan2.7%8.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness34.6Inclusiveness63.2Sustainability28.9Resilience49.1Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators19.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.0Wealthinequality,top10%share60.6%19.8m8061.4%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202123.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.22%Greenbonds,%GDP0%26.4%0.34%0%0%0%0%202020002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2277MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions186MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7332Mt208Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Kenya2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)37.6Sustainability0-100(best)57.2TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.760.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.558.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.352.2Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.034.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.97.097.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions70.670.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)522.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.186.2FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.947.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year72.572.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.935.9Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.744.7Financialecosystem7795.7Technologyecosystem78.078.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.181.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)32.119.7TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.16.8Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.151.6Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.846.0Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.016.8Talentecosystem5.939.3InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)13.120.0Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)30.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.58.458.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.65.065.0Talentecosystem0.713.8Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem6097.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)33425.7Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)48.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)1.28.1Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.10.5Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem4.890.3Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.441.0Bankconcentration%totalassets4.049.7Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.847.1Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.049.8Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.354.7Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban42.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.32.6FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.411.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)2.34.1TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.745.5Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)53.337.8Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)19.280.8ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem92.87.239.960.1Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)86.682.16455.9Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)22.954.220.679.4Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)13.026.013.686.44.355.24.761.03.846.32828.044.864.950.050.04.050.474.026.023.238.728.85.0n.a.n.a.69.969.981.781.738.261.84.28.43.948.97.327.01.845.011.111.1-1.128.23.745.28.68.63232.0-0.442.23.846.12482.86.761.83050.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.663.60.457.43.440.33.279.2Economy1/2Korea,Republicof2.5%6.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP46,3255-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change46,3256.3%00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness68.8Inclusiveness70.4Sustainability53.1Resilience61.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators51.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth73.1Wealthinequality,top10%share59.3%51.8m8059.6%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202153.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.05%Greenbonds,%GDP0.6%53.8%0%0.6%0%-0.05%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions7616MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions659MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7670Mt723Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Korea,Republicof2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)68.8Sustainability0-100(best)53.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.965.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.354.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.883.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.253.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.270.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions82.682.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Renewableenergyconsumption%total12.715.0Financialecosystem1,16751.2Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year3.63.6Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.372.0Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.751.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.355.1Greenpatentstotal52961.8Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP98.098.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.164.8100.0Institutionalecosystem0.444.9PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.445.3ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.151.3Resilience0-100(best)3,199100.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.559.1Talentecosystem8.556.5Institutionalecosystem3.921.5Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)63.897.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)87.387.3Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)22,938100.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)4.895.9Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.86.686.6Inclusiveness0-100(best)87967.6Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystemn.a.n.a.Healthworkersper10,000pop.2,3020.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)6.345.3ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)61.0Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/year24.750.7Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.172.0Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter3.947.7Socialmobility1-7(best)3.948.5Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem4.252.8Financialecosystem4.559.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.70.4Bankconcentration%totalassets1.93.8Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score12.499.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)25.145.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%4.049.7Institutionalecosystem18.681.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)89.185.5Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)17.582.5Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.17.182.9Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1,34712.2Technologyecosystem74.766.3Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)23.077.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)14.086.00-100(best)8.882.3Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)21.142.1Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)6.185.1ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem4.152.0Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)5.168.68686.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)14.086.056.351.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)98.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)1.596.84.558.097.699.110.217.099.3100.0100.098.598.544.156.04.79.45.372.22.476.00.410.730.230.20.763.34.151.5n.a.n.a.6363.03.744.21.172.50.995.22689.75083.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.659.70.191.03.745.53.279.2Economy42,2865-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-1.6%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/256,3513.8%Kuwait0.1%11%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.8%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness41.0Sustainability52.6Resilience29.851.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators4.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.1Wealthinequality,top10%share72.9%4.9m8075.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP2000200020213.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.01%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.35.1%0%Datanotavailable0%-0.01%2020200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions106MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions97MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce3106Mt103Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Kuwait2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)41.0Sustainability0-100(best)29.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.541.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.948.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.350.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.236.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.846.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions100.0100.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total30.60.0Financialecosystem361.6Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.7Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.10.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.62.5Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.844.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.050.1Greenpatentstotal29779.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP75.075.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.90.955.8Institutionalecosystem0.618.8PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.00.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%3.845.8Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem4.253.2Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-6420.1Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)4.122.6Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)2.919.5Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)31.948.7Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)50.0Resourcesecosystem41.141.1Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop0.23.7Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)27.027.0Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)21216.3Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5,6790.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Infrastructurequality1-7(best)51.8ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)1.49.7Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.0.253.4Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)6.686.7Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.338.6Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.660.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.3.744.5Technologyecosystem3.948.3Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Financialecosystem52.6Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter2.016.3Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem22.941.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.3.948.6Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)27.672.4Technologyecosystem77.870.4Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations82.317.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)49.550.50-100(best)56.842.4Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)22.155.8Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)920.8ICTcost%GNIpercapita11.823.5Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem11.188.9Civilrights0-60(high)4.354.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)13.286.8Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.253.9Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.456.48181.0n.a.n.a.82.320.8n.a.n.a.99.799.64.760.8100.0100.016.627.6100.0100.075.075.164.935.11.42.84.659.77.228.01.537.513.713.70.356.03.947.6n.a.n.a.4242.03.846.80.355.20.895.52069.02338.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.217.90.368.03.542.52.050.0Economy5,2595-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/25,2994%Kyrgyzstan3.2%4.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%0-4%2023-4.6%20001002000202320232000PillarScore0Innovativeness32.0Inclusiveness53.1Sustainability44.2Resilience41.7Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators6.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.8Wealthinequality,top10%share57.4%6.8m8059.4%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202149.2%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.36%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.123.3%2.27%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions9MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions17MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce011Mt20Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Kyrgyzstan2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)32.0Sustainability0-100(best)44.2TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.847.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.948.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.578.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.338.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.948.3ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.85.085.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions73.973.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)482.1Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.179.5FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.254.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year30.030.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.752.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.643.4FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystem39.039.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP1,19411.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)28.317.4Technologyecosystem0.274.0Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltraden.a.n.a.Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.644.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.440.2Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.2.514.2Talentecosystem3.321.8InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)2.23.4Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)00.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.27.927.9Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.34.034.0Talentecosystem0.11.8Healthworkersper10,000pop.37781.1Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1168.9Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)41.7Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)3.422.7Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.10.5Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem7.485.1Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.638.4Bankconcentration%totalassets3.846.3Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.745.3Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.337.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.847.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban53.1Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)0.20.4FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem4.435.3Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)21.739.6TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.253.2Governmentadaptation1-7(best)46.253.80-100(best)68.558.1Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)20.379.7Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)58.341.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)3,69733.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita67.356.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)35.664.4Institutionalecosystem62.237.8Civilrights0-60(high)3.493.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)16.032.13.439.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.455.9Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.542.22727.016.084.049.659.358.241.877.970.63.947.876.571.914.624.499.899.849.649.676.323.74.99.94.456.68.218.01.230.03.43.4-0.441.53.643.122.622.62727.04.253.4-1.128.52.884.31758.62338.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.441.30.455.24.253.82.255.0Economy7,9955-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/27,9956.2%LaoPDR4.6%7.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness32.3Inclusiveness43.1Sustainability51.4Resilience42.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators7.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth60.5Wealthinequality,top10%share60.1%7.5m8060.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021128.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.8%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.128.5%1.36%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions21MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions22MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce021Mt22Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023LaoPDR2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)32.3Sustainability0-100(best)51.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.456.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.050.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.943.2Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.252.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.659.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.52.052.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions88.288.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.659.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total9.139.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.049.6Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year50.050.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.21.021.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.469.2Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP20.912.8FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP1,02524.4Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.192.7Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade3.1100.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.456.2Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.355.1Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.31.8Talentecosystem3.221.2InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)3.85.8Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)00.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.14.314.3Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.31.731.7Talentecosystem0.00.7Healthworkersper10,000pop.27286.4Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1138.7Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)42.3Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.64.0Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.10.4Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem6.986.3Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.932.2Bankconcentration%totalassets3.948.3Healthydietunaffordability%pop.5.168.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.558.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.761.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban43.1Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.48.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.512.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)3.36.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.557.9Governmentadaptation1-7(best)32.967.10-100(best)51.835.8Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)83.716.3Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)87.912.1Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)46,242100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita88.284.2Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)78.621.4Institutionalecosystem31.337.480.919.1Civilrights0-60(high)14.328.556.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.660.5Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.949.11515.045.055.063.143.474.026.062.049.34.456.717.919.532.5100.01.9100.020.320.350.349.74.59.14.253.28.911.02.562.58.78.70.764.54.762.2n.a.n.a.3131.04.557.6-0.637.29.048.92069.01118.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.438.70.457.44.558.91.843.8Economy33,4045-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/233,40410.4%Latvia2.3%7.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%200020230-10.4%20002023-7.4%Pillar20002023100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness43.8Sustainability69.3Resilience46.759.1Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators1.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.2Wealthinequality,top10%share60.6%2.4m8065.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202140.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0.4%46.5%0%0.4%0%-0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions27MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions14MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce79Mt18Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Latvia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)43.8Sustainability0-100(best)46.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.338.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.845.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.270.1Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.135.6Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.354.3ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.95.095.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions85.685.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapita39517.3tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.948.5Renewableenergyconsumption%total7.848.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.338.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year43.843.8Digitalpayments%adultpop.95.095.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.562.8Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP34.421.1Financialecosystem9194.7TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.438.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.17.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.3.745.5InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.744.5Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)30.1ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%9.250.9Resilience0-100(best)4.328.6Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem21.532.7Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)190.1Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.n.a.n.a.Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.713.8Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.61869.1TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)21916.9Resourcesecosystem59.1Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop8.355.7Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)6.345.2Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)1.274.4Infrastructurequality1-7(best)34.930.2Resourcesecosystem3.135.0Financialecosystem3.643.8Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)2.728.3Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.050.7Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets7.615.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.69.3Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)5.543.9Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem33.561.0Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem4.151.1Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter8.491.6Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%74.666.2Institutionalecosystem20.379.7Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)18,198100.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.3.996.1Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)23.176.9Technologyecosystem81.975.9Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)32.867.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)50.40-100(best)2.295.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)4.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)18.637.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem4.355.0Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.862.87373.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)15.085.074.629.9Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)98.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)1.588.23.236.591.296.67.111.997.1100.0100.097.397.315.384.75.911.91.882.04.050.81.742.921.921.90.763.82.932.548.248.25959.04.050.41.069.61.094.42482.85185.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.766.00.096.14.049.53.280.0Economy2,6425-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/22,9313.3%Lesotho0.3%4.1%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.3%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness29.7Sustainability33.7Resilience48.030.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators2.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth44.2Wealthinequality,top10%share63.8%2.1m8077.4%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202159.9%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.07%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.108.7%4.47%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions2MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce03Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023Lesotho2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)29.7Sustainability0-100(best)48.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.541.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.236.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.737.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.033.7Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.439.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.85.085.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions57.557.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.151.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.980.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)2.830.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year32.332.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.59.059.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.027.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP20.012.3Financialecosystem2199.9TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.094.8Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.00.0Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.3.237.1InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.034.0Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)00.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%0.31.6Resilience0-100(best)2.114.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystemn.a.n.a.Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)00.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.n.a.n.a.Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.11.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.2998.5Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)503.9Resourcesecosystem30.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop1.39.0Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)0.00.3Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)6.886.4ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)-0.735.2Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.337.8Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.4.151.9Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.3.033.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.237.2Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.33.7Technologyecosystem2.34.6Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter1.310.4Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)4.58.3Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem2.219.9Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)53.237.7Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)37.662.4Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita90.89.2Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)n.a.n.a.InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)72.963.91,47613.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)19.660.998.02.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)11.322.694.55.53.237.22.321.54.457.33030.088.012.087.912.1100.00.048.030.628.214.33.643.246.846.816.928.29.19.187.013.03.87.74.965.44.951.01.025.04.64.6-0.245.63.440.3n.a.n.a.3737.0-0.441.82.219.41965.517.60.23660.00.656.40.460.31.69.52.766.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverageEconomy40,2275-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/240,2279.6%Lithuania2.8%6.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness53.2Inclusiveness73.4Sustainability47.8Resilience63.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators2.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.7Wealthinequality,top10%share57.4%3.5m8058.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202138.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0%46.3%0%0.4%0%-0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions514MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions20MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce716Mt25Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Lithuania2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)53.2Sustainability0-100(best)47.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.049.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.846.0Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.373.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.846.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.558.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.100.0100.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions65.665.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapita1,02444.9tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)67.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total8.841.3Financialecosystem5.1Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year31.731.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.355.2Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.564.1Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP91.091.0Financialecosystem9294.6Technologyecosystem37.623.1Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.534.4Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.448.7Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.660.1InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.150.9Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)20.1ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%8.848.8Resilience0-100(best)6.845.7Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem29.344.6Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)340.2Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.n.a.n.a.Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.123.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.90654.7TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)28722.1Resourcesecosystem63.2Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop7.550.2Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)10.172.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)1.375.6Infrastructurequality1-7(best)32.634.9Resourcesecosystem4.355.0Financialecosystem3.541.3Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)4.151.9Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.863.2Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets8.316.6Healthydietunaffordability%pop.73.4Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)6.451.4Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem49.590.3Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem5.270.2Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter10.989.1Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%75.367.1Institutionalecosystem15.784.3Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)8,76979.7Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.0.0100.0Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)19.180.9Technologyecosystem86.982.5Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)14.985.1Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)3.692.9Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)4.660.5Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)7.615.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita5.676.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)5.473.67676.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)11.089.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)99.398.71.5Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)0.782.6Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)86.994.04.761.695.0100.0100.05.18.597.997.920.579.54.99.95.371.01.288.02.050.023.923.90.866.34.152.437.237.26262.05.169.21.172.20.498.02586.25185.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.770.00.096.34.863.43.895.0Economy1/2Luxembourg2.2%5.1%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP117,0625-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change122,1715%0%0-5%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness65.6Inclusiveness75.2Sustainability31.2Resilience72.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators0.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.6Wealthinequality,top10%share59.3%0.6m8064.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202124.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.02%Greenbonds,%GDP6.4%24.8%0%6.4%0%-0.07%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions58MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions8MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce712Mt16Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Luxembourg2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)65.6Sustainability0-100(best)31.2TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.354.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.354.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.680.4Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.762.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.456.9ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions51.351.3ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total14.62.4Financialecosystem3,167100.0Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year20.820.8Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.965.4Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.842.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)5.066.6Greenpatentstotal8095.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP98.098.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.105.864.9Institutionalecosystem0.80.0PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.02.5ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.659.3Resilience0-100(best)90.3Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.761.0TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem133.2100.0Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-646.442.6Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)21.332.5Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)86Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)1.10.4Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)27222.4Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.n.a.n.a.Talentecosystem10.920.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)47.273.0Resourcesecosystem5,5560.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)100.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)72.6Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)1.988.4Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter21.756.6Incomedistribution%sharebottom504.355.1Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.168.4Socialmobility1-7(best)5.778.3Infrastructurequality1-7(best)5.269.6ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)75.2Countrycreditrating0-100(best)18.837.6Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets4.334.1Healthydietunaffordability%pop.5.473.6Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.83.177.5Banksystemdefaultriskz-score29.954.5Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban0.0100.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)11.788.3Financialecosystem89.185.5Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter27.972.1Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem5,70051.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)4.790.6Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)31.868.2Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.19.037.9Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)41.658.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations5.575.4Governmentadaptation1-7(best)5.879.40-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)5.168.6Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)100100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapitan.a.n.a.Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)43.366.8Institutionalecosystem0.0100.0Civilrights0-60(high)98.798.25.677.1Politicalparticipation0-1(best)99.599.451.786.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)100.0100.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)97.497.4Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.38.718.881.25.880.40.397.02.868.831.331.31.274.15.371.021.821.87777.05.372.11.885.70.299.02793.15998.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.658.70.194.25.371.83.587.5Economy1,3635-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/21,4114.4%Malawi3.2%5.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.4%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness33.7Sustainability34.9Resilience56.943.7Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators22.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth57.1Wealthinequality,top10%share76.1%22.1m8080.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202175.2%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP3%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.101.5%4.26%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions2MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions2MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce02Mt3Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Malawi2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)33.7Sustainability0-100(best)56.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.761.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.847.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.045.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.339.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.456.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.70.270.2Annualgreenhousegasemissions67.267.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.192.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.947.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year75.275.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.839.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.135.1Financialecosystem7396.0TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.189.1Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)40.040.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP10.56.4Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.15.3Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.642.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.745.2Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)2.011.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)4.429.0Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)11.317.3Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem00.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.37.537.6Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem79.379.3Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)999.5Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)18013.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/year43.7Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50n.a.n.a.Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.00.2FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets4.890.5Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.834.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.947.5Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.557.7TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban4.355.2Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.558.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%34.9Institutionalecosystem0.71.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.310.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0.50.90-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.355.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)41.458.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita48.331.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem78.721.3n.a.n.a.Civilrights0-60(high)85.580.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)28.044.08527.7Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)13.927.9Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)0.0100.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.355.323.776.33.338.53.337.7n.a.n.a.82.018.0100.00.095.94.14.252.624.40.014.524.217.81.810.310.336.836.837.462.60.40.83.845.97.525.02.664.33.63.6-0.147.83.745.4n.a.n.a.3434.0-0.245.24.354.92275.916.46.83761.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.657.30.643.74.761.23.279.2Economy30,2925-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.4%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/230,2923.9%Malaysia4%6.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.9%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness52.3Sustainability61.7Resilience41.563.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators32.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.7Wealthinequality,top10%share60.8%32.7m8063.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202165.6%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.01%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%69.2%0.01%0.1%0%0%0%202120002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions5256MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions243MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7269Mt250Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Malaysia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)52.3Sustainability0-100(best)41.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.457.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.049.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.168.4Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.354.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.660.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions77.977.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)96.996.9Renewableenergyconsumption%total13.212.3Financialecosystem52423.0Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)5.067.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year5.85.8Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystem0.563.4TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)4.761.0Technologyecosystem17288.6Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)79.079.0GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP134.082.2Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.440.3Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.221.9Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.456.9Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.559.0Talentecosystem120.4InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)3.619.8Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)8.153.7Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)43.366.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem1830.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.63.463.4Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1.019.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)49.449.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)46635.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/year2,0380.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50n.a.n.a.Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter63.6Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.75.2FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.764.4Bankconcentration%totalassets10.778.5Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.660.7Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)4.559.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.964.3Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.964.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystemn.a.n.a.Ruralelectricitygap%urban61.7Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.915.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem22.340.7Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.4.355.8Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)22.177.9Technologyecosystem76.068.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)24.975.1Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations72.727.3Governmentadaptation1-7(best)17,834100.00-100(best)68.658.2Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)100.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)12.175.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)0.087.3ICTcost%GNIpercapita13.827.7Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)12.770.2InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)5.371.75.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.964.36868.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)26.074.053.055.3Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)97.52.595.75.167.796.892.820.734.593.9100.0100.098.198.123.976.14.59.14.762.46.535.01.231.323.923.90.152.84.659.8n.a.n.a.4747.04.354.80.661.21.392.82172.43151.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.548.70.365.83.846.72.255.0Economy2,1565-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/22,2193.6%Mali4.3%5.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness31.5Sustainability32.6Resilience51.535.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators22.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth54.6Wealthinequality,top10%share57.9%22.6m8061.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202151.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP2.8%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.90.5%2.8%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions4MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce04Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023Mali2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)31.5Sustainability0-100(best)51.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.558.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.152.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.430.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.541.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.53.053.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions86.586.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)80.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.086.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.253.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year63.863.8Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.843.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.338.2Financialecosystem26481.7Technologyecosystem38.038.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.183.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)26.015.9TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.00.6Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.847.1Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.948.0Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.79.4Talentecosystem3.623.7InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)n.a.n.a.Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)00.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.21.921.9Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.37.937.9Talentecosystem0.23.5Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem3398.4Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)13110.1Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)35.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.10.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem4.790.6Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.637.6Bankconcentration%totalassets4.862.9Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.049.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.050.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.354.8Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban32.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)0.81.6FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem0.10.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.22.2TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.049.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)41.321.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)84.615.4ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)n.a.n.a.Institutionalecosystem90.79.35,83553.0Civilrights0-60(high)17.882.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)62.550.144.655.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)3.642.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)43.912.3Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)14.829.54.659.83.643.31515.070.030.072.632.272.028.034.512.73.541.3n.a.n.a.12.821.418.818.910.110.162.737.34.99.73.541.58.614.05.85.81.230.0-2.43.04.253.1n.a.n.a.2828.03.947.7-0.932.017.60.02275.92135.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.550.00.637.44.049.63.075.0Economy51,8575-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/251,8575.2%Malta5.8%5.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness58.0Inclusiveness69.8Sustainability36.4Resilience56.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators0.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.5Wealthinequality,top10%share53.8%0.5m8053.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202152.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.70.5%0%Datanotavailable0%-0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions2MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions9MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce33Mt10Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Malta2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)58.0Sustainability0-100(best)36.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.846.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.439.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.270.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.338.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.558.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions68.468.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.675.7Financialecosystem2,333100.0Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year9.29.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.660.2Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP1.028.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.253.5Greenpatentstotal14390.7Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP91.091.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.82.150.4Institutionalecosystem0.73.5PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.00.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.253.4Resilience0-100(best)20.1Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.050.8TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem107.9100.0Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-643.624.3Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)31.548.0Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)20Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)0.70.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.n.a.n.a.Inclusiveness0-100(best)17913.3Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.81959.0Talentecosystem8.913.8Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)50.659.7Resourcesecosystem56.9Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)100.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.866.2Waterresourcesm³percapita/year28.243.5Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)3.033.8Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter4.762.1Incomedistribution%sharebottom503.948.0Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter4.457.0Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem69.8Financialecosystem12.424.8Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.535.9Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)54.9100.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.558.9Technologyecosystem27.972.1Ruralelectricitygap%urban85.280.3Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystemn.a.n.a.Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter32.567.5Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%78.971.9InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)1451.3Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.5.289.6Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem19.839.6Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)31.868.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)4.863.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)18.881.2Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)4.354.6InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)4.659.87575.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)17.083.089.412.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)99.2Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)0.883.34.659.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)87.599.718.430.799.8100.0100.083.783.722.677.410.420.72.971.05.168.00.512.51.069.523.323.34.254.05151.024.024.00.967.34.355.82689.70.596.9LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage5490.00.766.50.190.84.253.43.587.5Economy23,9755-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/223,9754.3%Mauritius2.3%5.1%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.3%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness42.2Sustainability55.9Resilience37.956.7Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators1.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth63.9Wealthinequality,top10%share60.6%1.3m8064%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202183.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.67%Greenbonds,%GDP2.9%94.6%1.72%2.9%0%0%0%202120002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions34MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions6MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce75Mt6Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Mauritius2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)42.2Sustainability0-100(best)37.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.745.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.541.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.658.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.643.3Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.151.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions50.550.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)99.099.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total4.570.1FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)1134.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.455.9Financialecosystem9.49.4TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem1.120.0Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.253.9Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade47166.1Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.80.080.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal95.958.8Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.451.8Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita0.05.1Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.948.6TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)4.151.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)10.0Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)6.837.5Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.3.724.3Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem5.38.1Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)30.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)n.a.n.a.Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)n.a.n.a.Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.47.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/year53473.3Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501189.1Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter56.7Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem4.328.7FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.2.719.1Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score18.063.9Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban1.273.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.253.5Financialecosystem3.540.9Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%4.253.7Institutionalecosystem4.557.7Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.55.9Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.32.6TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)3.427.20-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)26.648.5ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem4.152.315.684.4Civilrights0-60(high)65.754.233.766.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)n.a.n.a.2,17519.8Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)62.750.310.289.8Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)21.956.217.282.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)14.829.65.066.54.558.84.660.35555.033.067.059.148.114.086.067.656.85.168.1n.a.n.a.10.918.399.499.496.996.954.745.34.58.94.761.42.377.01.229.214.914.90.967.14.049.434.334.35050.04.151.40.967.51.691.12482.85083.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.658.50.374.03.643.41.537.5Economy20,4025-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/220,6703.9%Mexico1.4%3.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.9%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness37.9Sustainability51.5Resilience46.746.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators130.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.8Wealthinequality,top10%share78.8%130.1m8080.6%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202154.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.12%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%58.5%0.14%0.1%0%0%0%202120002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2407MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions432MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7502Mt557Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Mexico2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)37.9Sustainability0-100(best)46.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.456.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.948.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.861.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.033.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.95.395.3Annualgreenhousegasemissions73.873.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)1928.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.358.2FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.542.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year12.312.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.838.8Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.744.9Financialecosystem70048.8Technologyecosystem44.044.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.441.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)38.323.5TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.116.3Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.948.6Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.253.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita210.7Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.42.1Talentecosystem8.858.7InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)45.669.5Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)2151.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.64.264.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.90.790.7Talentecosystem0.35.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.64267.9Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)57744.4Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)46.0Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)4.026.6Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.28.5Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem12.475.2Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.245.4Bankconcentration%totalassets3.845.9Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.032.7Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.2.626.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.846.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban51.5Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)2.75.4FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.07.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)24.444.5TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.744.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)14.585.50-100(best)74.566.1Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)28.671.4Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)34.365.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)3,64933.2ICTcost%GNIpercapita59.045.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)78.121.9Institutionalecosystem13.573.080.819.2Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)6.212.44.152.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.049.2Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.846.26060.025.075.049.559.420.279.875.667.54.762.243.032.023.839.699.999.981.781.733.067.0-0.30.03.643.96.337.00.818.85.15.1-0.637.32.830.628.028.03131.03.642.8-0.834.01.492.12482.83355.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.661.40.545.53.948.22.256.3Economy11,8535-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.9%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/212,2158.7%Mongolia3.7%8.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%00%2023-8.3%20001002000202220232000PillarScore0Innovativeness34.8Inclusiveness54.5Sustainability24.4Resilience48.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators3.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth60.3Wealthinequality,top10%share58.1%3.5m8058.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202176.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP2.14%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.102.8%4.18%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions50MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions43MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce250Mt43Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Mongolia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)34.8Sustainability0-100(best)24.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystem3.0Availabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.032.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.233.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.167.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)37.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.643.8Resourcesecosystem50.0ResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)27.450.0Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.099.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions0.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.4.04.0Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.643.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.2FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)14315.4Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)2.931.8Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year1.090.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.97.097.0Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP45.828.1Financialecosystem0.00.0TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)3.440.1Technologyecosystem03.1Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal2.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP3.237.1Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem29.716.4Patentapplicationstotal1.910.6Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)21.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)1,18929.7Scientificpublicationshindex3.96.0Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita21.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)7.340.6Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.10.0Talentecosystem2.748.6InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-643.7Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.12.7Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)0.685.4Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)8.028.2Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)1269.7Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.38.644.5Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem4.731.4Healthworkersper10,000pop.53.81.2Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem45.564.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.53.8Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)10,55570.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)30.2Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)-0.245.8Waterresourcesm³percapita/year54.946.2Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)3.032.9Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter54.5Incomedistribution%sharebottom502.931.5Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter3.496.0Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)69.8Resourcesecosystem54.5Financialecosystem2845.1Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)85.139.3Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.4.152.4Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.65.053.3Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.128.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score36.217.5Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.0.0100.0Technologyecosystem34.5Ruralelectricitygap%urban78.270.9Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)26.260.4Financialecosystem11.976.2Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter52.3Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%13.927.8Institutionalecosystem26.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)4.047.7Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.4.355.2Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.6TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.760.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.440.3Governmentadaptation1-7(best)3.140.00-100(best)29.071.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)3363.1Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)64.135.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)-0.235.8ICTcost%GNIpercapita84.379.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)2333.0Institutionalecosystem39.327.545.5Civilrights0-60(high)100.0100.079.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.89.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.440.514.514.537.137.1LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.643.63.381.64880.00.442.70.367.73.236.32.665.0Economy8,5025-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/28,5093.6%Morocco2.2%4.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness41.2Sustainability49.7Resilience50.353.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators36.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth63.7Wealthinequality,top10%share63.9%36.7m8067.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202171.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.12%Greenbonds,%GDP0%72.2%1.5%0%0%0%0%201820002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions071MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions66MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce771Mt70Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Morocco2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)41.2Sustainability0-100(best)50.3TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.355.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.253.4Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.943.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.729.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.659.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.499.4Annualgreenhousegasemissions74.474.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)823.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.079.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.948.1Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year10.910.9Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.839.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.846.0Financialecosystem28680.0Technologyecosystem30.030.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.272.2Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)96.359.1TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.331.1Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.439.6Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.846.9Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita20.1Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.5.329.2Talentecosystem5.133.9InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)41.262.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)110.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.54.254.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.67.367.3Talentecosystem0.714.3Healthworkersper10,000pop.40879.6Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)25219.4Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)53.5Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.53.3Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem11.876.5Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.147.6Bankconcentration%totalassets3.542.4Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.456.1Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.761.1Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.847.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban49.7Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)n.a.n.a.FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.08.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)7.313.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.744.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)69.559.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)21.278.8ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystemn.a.n.a.34.965.1Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)28.44.68157.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)41.916.319.980.1Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)13.627.114.385.74.253.94.761.43.541.95050.044.056.066.539.415.584.588.184.24.558.974.869.942.470.7100.0100.082.482.434.465.63.87.73.845.96.832.02.050.03.93.9-0.442.14.558.4n.a.n.a.3838.03.642.9-0.344.92.386.72586.22440.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.442.20.365.13.542.23.075.0Economy4,0315-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.6%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/24,0544.4%Nepal4.1%4.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness31.5Inclusiveness41.7Sustainability52.1Resilience43.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators30.2mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth61.3Wealthinequality,top10%share58.5%30.2m8058.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202143.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.94%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.53%2.39%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions14MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions25MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce015Mt27Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Nepal2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)31.5Sustainability0-100(best)52.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.846.8Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.745.4Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.840.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.034.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.151.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.n.a.n.a.Annualgreenhousegasemissions76.476.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.845.9Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.987.2FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.745.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year74.574.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.29.029.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.745.8Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP88.454.3Financialecosystem33276.5TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.191.5Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.00.9Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.3.440.6InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.642.7Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)00.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%2.011.2Resilience0-100(best)5.537.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem8.613.1Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)10.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)26.526.5Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.36.036.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.36.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.4697.7Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)19314.9Resourcesecosystem43.4Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popn.a.n.a.Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)0.11.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)9.481.3ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)-0.637.6Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.541.7Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.4.150.9Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.3.135.1Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.847.5Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.41.7Technologyecosystem3.46.8Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter0.32.4Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)8.715.8Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem3.846.2Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)27.172.9Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations53.738.2Governmentadaptation1-7(best)44.955.10-100(best)83.116.9Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)7,29166.3Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)50.834.4Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)55.544.5ICTcost%GNIpercapita41.117.8Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)73.926.1Institutionalecosystem22.344.7Civilrights0-60(high)3.439.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)3.847.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.744.5n.a.n.a.Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)17.996.634.066.03.643.376.423.628.948.151.635.516.10.097.697.645.045.064.435.64.89.63.744.56.634.01.025.08.38.3-0.245.13.236.7n.a.n.a.3434.03.542.2-0.540.75.270.51758.63253.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.661.40.458.73.642.52.256.3Economy1/2Netherlands1.9%3.2%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP59,8915-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change59,9013.7%0%2000202302023-3.7%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness73.3Sustainability75.9Resilience49.265.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators17.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.4Wealthinequality,top10%share47.9%17.6m8054.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202150.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.17%Greenbonds,%GDP2.7%67.9%0%2.7%0%-0.19%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions5141MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions152MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7182Mt234Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Netherlands2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)73.3Sustainability0-100(best)49.2TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.558.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.253.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.475.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.558.5Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.761.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)60.860.8Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.099.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions10.232.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapita2,756100.0tonsCO₂equiv.percap.10.810.8Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)Renewableenergyconsumption%totalFinancialecosystem5.473.2Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)0.840.0Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year49264.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.964.9Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.529.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP99.099.0FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystem100.961.9Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.9100.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.863.2Greenpatentstotal30610.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP5.067.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade5.234.9Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.18.1100.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal51.278.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)80.280.2Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3,17015.9Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)81.981.9Scientificpublicationshindex2.346.1Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita1,36431.8Knowledge-intensiveemployment%1,305100.0Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.10.268.8Talentecosystem65.9Institutionalecosystem11.985.3Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1.885.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)31.636.8Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)5.879.6Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.354.6Inclusiveness0-100(best)4.456.7Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.5.371.2TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)75.9Resourcesecosystem22.144.2Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)3.225.4Lackofsocialprotection%pop4.964.3Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)85.280.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/year38.470.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom502.897.2Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter10.589.5Socialmobility1-7(best)87.983.8Infrastructurequality1-7(best)23.976.1ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem5,26647.9Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)4.990.3Countrycreditrating0-100(best)16.983.1Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.22.645.2Bankconcentration%totalassets12.088.0Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.676.3Banksystemdefaultriskz-score6.185.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban5.168.3Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)100100.0Financialecosystem5.095.0Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter88.313.8Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%0.199.9InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)92.189.4Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)5.269.9Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.100.0100.0Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)13.021.7Technologyecosystem100.0100.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)97.097.10-100(best)9.018.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)37.762.3Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)5.474.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita33.433.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)0.397.0Institutionalecosystem1.229.2Civilrights0-60(high)20.920.90.968.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.761.54.151.7Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)0.597.18080.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)1.784.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5896.729100.00.661.10.095.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage5.474.14.0100.0Economy1/2NewZealand2.9%3.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP43,9565-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change44,0082.9%00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness63.1Inclusiveness77.0Sustainability38.2Resilience72.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators5.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.2Wealthinequality,top10%share56.6%5.1m8056.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202146.4%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.06%Greenbonds,%GDP0.9%47.4%0%0.9%0%-0.07%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions534MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions39MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce738Mt42Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023NewZealand2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)63.1Sustainability0-100(best)38.2TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.761.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.270.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.475.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)5.167.7Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.473.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions60.660.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)97.597.5Renewableenergyconsumption%total13.510.2Financialecosystem2,26799.4Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year28.628.6Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.474.1Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.657.5Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)5.067.0Greenpatentstotal1,02224.6Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP98.098.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.160.598.5Institutionalecosystem0.70.0PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.17.7ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.863.3Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem4.965.8Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64170.6Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)2.111.4Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)4.429.0Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)21.733.1Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)2101.1Resourcesecosystem56.056.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)65.365.3Lackofsocialprotection%pop1.428.1Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)86256.9Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)68652.8Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter72.4Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)4.431.7Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.1.886.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)25.149.8Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.778.5Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.660.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.965.4Technologyecosystem5.270.5Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Financialecosystem77.0Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter2.620.6Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)35.264.2Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem5.270.6Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)20.279.8Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations84.879.8Governmentadaptation1-7(best)12.187.90-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)65,584100.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)0.0100.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita88.284.2Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)0.083.1Institutionalecosystem17.068.8Civilrights0-60(high)1.896.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)19.639.15.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)5.473.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.252.99595.06.094.057.250.4n.a.n.a.95.994.65.473.1100.0100.044.874.6100.0100.084.084.050.449.65.010.10.595.05.574.61.231.335.135.11.478.85.168.9n.a.n.a.8787.05.168.21.886.40.597.32379.35998.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.770.30.192.85.270.03.791.7Economy5,0225-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/25,5166.6%Nigeria2%8.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-6.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness30.1Sustainability35.5Resilience53.340.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators216.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth54.4Wealthinequality,top10%share58.9%216.7m8064.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202139.6%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.4%Greenbonds,%GDP0%57.6%0.4%0%0%0%0%201920002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions3137MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions133MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7137Mt133Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Nigeria2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)30.1Sustainability0-100(best)53.3TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.846.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.643.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.043.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.626.5Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.152.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.80.980.9Annualgreenhousegasemissions45.745.7ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)90.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.186.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.134.7Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year82.582.5Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.839.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.033.9Financialecosystem6296.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.275.1Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)34.034.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP12.17.4Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.16.5Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.253.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.542.4Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.42.1Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)7.952.3Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)33.451.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem20.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.32.232.2Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem65.565.5Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.12.6Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)12094.0Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)29122.4Waterresourcesm³percapita/year40.6Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom502.114.0Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.10.5FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.589.0Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.931.4Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.050.1Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.3.541.5TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban3.237.5Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.050.7FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%35.5Institutionalecosystem4.28.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)0.54.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)4.07.20-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)3.440.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)70.429.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita38.417.9Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)55.644.4Institutionalecosystem89.011.01,42413.0Civilrights0-60(high)79.372.513.886.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)40.419.226.373.7Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)15.531.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.338.9Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.050.82.931.42323.059.347.959.041.04.151.393.56.512.220.355.440.529.015.229.529.584.884.847.152.94.89.53.643.48.218.01.025.09.19.1-1.814.43.236.150.950.92424.03.440.0-0.932.93.977.72689.72338.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.660.70.734.13.134.61.947.9Economy1/2NorthMacedonia2.2%3.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP17,4745-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.7%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change17,4744.9%00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness39.1Inclusiveness55.5Sustainability48.8Resilience45.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators2.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.1Wealthinequality,top10%share55.8%2.1m8056.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202152.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.19%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.53.4%1.78%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions7MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce212Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023NorthMacedonia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)39.1Sustainability0-100(best)48.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.439.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.338.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)n.a.n.a.Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.626.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.642.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.699.6Annualgreenhousegasemissions67.167.1ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)1988.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.974.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.541.1Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year20.320.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.840.9Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.745.3Financialecosystem41370.5Technologyecosystem74.074.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.358.1Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)56.934.9TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.442.9Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.439.9Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.541.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.8.044.4Talentecosystem11.274.9InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)33.751.4Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)20.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.53.053.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.44.044.0Talentecosystem0.47.5Healthworkersper10,000pop.54272.9Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)16412.6Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)45.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)7.047.2Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.812.8Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem21.656.8Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.458.4Bankconcentration%totalassets3.338.7Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.745.8Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.134.8Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.339.1Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban55.5Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)2.95.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem4.334.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)28.351.7TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.134.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)27.772.30-100(best)73.564.7Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)61.039.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)3,08328.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita65.854.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)23.776.3Institutionalecosystem27.073.0Civilrights0-60(high)8.483.33.745.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)20.841.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.845.9Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.541.04545.034.066.015.584.597.43.183.077.480.476.74.151.6100.0100.09.515.989.989.940.159.95.210.34.050.54.555.07.87.90.38.30.152.53.440.844.844.84040.03.135.23.182.3-0.148.53965.01862.10.661.70.280.4LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.034.12.050.0Economy32,1335-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-1.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/239,8223%Oman1.7%4.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0-3%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness48.3Inclusiveness55.7Sustainability42.7Resilience55.7Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators4.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth64.7Wealthinequality,top10%share74%4.9m8075.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202140%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.67.9%0%Datanotavailable0%0%2010200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions81MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions59MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce281Mt69Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Oman2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)48.3Sustainability0-100(best)42.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.066.8Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.067.4Educationattainment0-4.5(best)n.a.n.a.Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.762.5Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.269.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions100.0100.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)97.997.9Renewableenergyconsumption%total26.80.0Financialecosystem32514.3Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)5.677.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.10.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystem0.750.6TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)4.964.8Technologyecosystem37673.2Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)n.a.n.a.GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP65.140.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.439.1Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.227.9Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.660.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.5.066.6Talentecosystem10.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.84.7Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)6.241.4Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)45.068.6Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem20.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.46.046.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.35.8Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)89.089.0Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)20015.4Waterresourcesm³percapita/year2,4940.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50n.a.n.a.Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter55.7Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem1.410.2FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.356.6Bankconcentration%totalassets3.992.1Healthydietunaffordability%pop.5.474.0Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)5.473.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.677.0Banksystemdefaultriskz-score5.270.1Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystemn.a.n.a.Ruralelectricitygap%urban55.7Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.511.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter19.936.4Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)5.066.7Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)29.270.8Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.69.959.9Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem83.716.3Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)92.47.6Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations39.419.2Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)11.976.1Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)3753.4Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita9.017.9Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)21.478.6Institutionalecosystem5.168.0Civilrights0-60(high)19.680.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)5.575.5Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.168.64343.0n.a.n.a.63.942.5n.a.n.a.96.495.25.575.490.889.119.632.7100.0100.096.096.058.641.41.22.55.575.27.228.02.460.011.711.70.560.15.473.7n.a.n.a.4444.04.862.90.458.11.889.92482.81830.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.437.90.552.44.863.12.766.7Economy5,5335-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.7%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/25,6704.1%Pakistan3.5%4.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness33.6Inclusiveness38.8Sustainability54.1Resilience43.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators227mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth56.9Wealthinequality,top10%share59.8%227m8060.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202176.2%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.69%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%79.6%0.69%0.1%0%0%0%202120002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2230MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions228MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7230Mt240Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Pakistan2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)33.6Sustainability0-100(best)54.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.253.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.355.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.839.4Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.847.3Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.863.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.76.476.4Annualgreenhousegasemissions86.686.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)50.2Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.484.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.354.5Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year46.646.6Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.935.1Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.252.6Financialecosystem84737.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.277.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)18.018.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP15.09.2Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.777.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.252.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.253.2Talentecosystem10.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)1.89.8Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)5.838.5Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)22.934.9Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem70.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.36.036.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem42.042.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.23.3Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)15392.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)39430.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/year43.5Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.17.5Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.21.2FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets7.285.6Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.735.4Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.049.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.660.2TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban4.050.7Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.457.3FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%38.8Institutionalecosystem0.40.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)0.65.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)10.819.80-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.152.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem45.227.019.380.7Civilrights0-60(high)16.383.7Politicalparticipation0-1(best)79.920.11,15410.5Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)40.459.6Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)30.47.219.180.9Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)43.512.94.355.116.232.54.660.24.253.81818.040.669.957.043.04.254.282.817.28.814.821.00.050.641.092.092.064.964.981.718.34.69.24.354.27.426.00.921.91.31.3-1.716.74.050.47.27.22727.0-0.637.34.152.12379.34.475.22236.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.655.50.367.54.355.72.358.3Economy34,9125-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/234,9126.8%Panama3.9%7.7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-6.8%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness36.5Sustainability55.3Resilience43.455.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators4.4mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth68.7Wealthinequality,top10%share61.6%4.4m8071.6%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202153.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.57%Greenbonds,%GDP0.3%62%0.67%0.3%0%0%0%202020002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions213MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions16MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce713Mt18Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Panama2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)36.5Sustainability0-100(best)43.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.151.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.237.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.964.2Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.135.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.845.9ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.84.084.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions75.875.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.541.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total5.662.8FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.151.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year28.428.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.36.036.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.025.6Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP105.965.0Financialecosystem28580.1TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.448.4Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.16.7Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.3.847.4InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.541.7Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)10.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%3.117.4Resilience0-100(best)4.227.7Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem6.29.5Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)60.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)54.554.5Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.58.058.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)0.23.3Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.65867.1TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)25919.9Resourcesecosystem55.3Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop3.926.4Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)1.812.6Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.253.8Infrastructurequality1-7(best)13.573.1Resourcesecosystem2.321.1Financialecosystem4.457.3Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)3.237.4Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.642.5Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.110.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.55.3Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)2.218.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem16.329.7Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem4.049.7Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter44.655.4Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%78.271.0Institutionalecosystem23.776.3Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)39.061.0Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)33,018100.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.64.652.8Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)34.465.6Technologyecosystem11.477.3Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)37.862.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)68.90-100(best)9.318.6Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)5.1Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.557.6Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem4.151.15858.0Civilrights0-60(high)29.071.043.866.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)17.083.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)67.556.75.270.1Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)n.a.n.a.40.467.3Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)85.885.834.134.144.056.04.38.64.152.33.763.02.050.07.87.80.355.73.135.133.533.53636.04.049.7-0.245.12.188.22586.24880.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.551.60.365.44.049.62.050.0Economy12,6895-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/212,6893.9%Paraguay2.7%4.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.9%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness33.1Sustainability50.2Resilience43.049.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators7.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.8Wealthinequality,top10%share61.6%7.5m8071.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202140.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.88%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.50.5%1.02%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions9MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions12MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce09Mt13Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Paraguay2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)33.1Sustainability0-100(best)43.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.151.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)2.931.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.759.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.423.5Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.542.3ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions64.064.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)97.697.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total13.97.2FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)502.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.236.1Financialecosystem61.461.4TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.377.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)3.339.1Technologyecosystem34375.7Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)51.051.0Greenpatentstotal0.361.9Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP50.030.7Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.542.3Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.439.7Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.63.1Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)3.422.8Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)21.833.3Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem10.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.28.128.1Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem24.324.3Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.23.1Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)37681.2Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)1118.5Waterresourcesm³percapita/year49.9Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50n.a.n.a.Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem2.014.0FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets9.680.7Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.245.8Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.354.7Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.2.524.4TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban3.338.3Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)3.744.3FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%50.2Institutionalecosystem6.412.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)0.86.6TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)32.459.20-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)3.440.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)25.874.2ICTcost%GNIpercapita72.363.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)71.428.6Institutionalecosystem68.131.954,211100.0Civilrights0-60(high)71.762.3100.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)13.273.70.077.3Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)22.736.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)9.318.6Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.152.03.23.032.64848.033.067.041.568.820.479.677.069.44.254.064.257.317.128.6100.0100.057.157.181.318.74.38.63.338.56.436.02.050.02.42.40.049.92.728.3n.a.n.a.2828.03.541.2-0.638.93.083.21965.53761.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.554.00.642.63.440.11.435.0Economy12,9835-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/212,9995.8%Peru2.3%6.2%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-5.8%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness33.7Sustainability50.4Resilience42.848.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators34.2mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth69.5Wealthinequality,top10%share76.8%34.2m8080.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202134.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.44%Greenbonds,%GDP0.2%49.4%0.44%0.2%0%0%0%202020002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions256MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions58MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce758Mt67Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Peru2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)33.7Sustainability0-100(best)42.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.254.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.643.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.863.1Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.236.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.354.3ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.81.281.2Annualgreenhousegasemissions89.589.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)642.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total4.172.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.642.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year31.631.6Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.937.1Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.744.7FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystem49.049.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP1,18612.4Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)55.233.9Technologyecosystem0.362.5Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.110.6Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.847.1Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.440.1Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita20.1Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.52.8Talentecosystem3.925.7InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)14.622.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)160.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.39.439.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.54.554.5Talentecosystem0.23.4Healthworkersper10,000pop.32683.7Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)31224.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)48.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)2.919.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.85.8Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem12.874.4Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.151.6Bankconcentration%totalassets3.745.4Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.033.8Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.2.931.3Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.745.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban50.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)3.87.6FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.612.7Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)16.530.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.846.1Governmentadaptation1-7(best)28.671.40-100(best)71.161.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)23.776.3Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)70.729.3Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)56,686100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita83.678.2Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)33.366.7Institutionalecosystem14.371.444.056.1Civilrights0-60(high)50.1Politicalparticipation0-1(best)5.711.44.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.457.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.541.56161.045.055.070.634.725.774.371.161.54.456.852.042.716.928.284.584.555.755.735.164.90.30.63.744.37.327.00.512.57.67.6-0.441.93.134.422.322.33636.03.846.5-0.539.71.790.12482.84168.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.664.90.554.33.745.62.050.0Economy9,2525-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/29,2524.9%Philippines4.6%6.2%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness42.1Inclusiveness48.3Sustainability50.7Resilience54.1Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators111.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth62.0Wealthinequality,top10%share63.5%111.6m8070.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202157.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.66%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%71.4%0.93%0.3%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2144MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions169MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7145Mt178Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Philippines2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)42.1Sustainability0-100(best)50.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.659.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.660.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.760.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.947.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.80.080.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions59.759.7ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)472.1Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.483.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.354.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year29.129.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.844.1Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.354.2Financialecosystem79441.8Technologyecosystem43.043.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.180.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)52.031.9TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.117.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.151.7Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.252.9Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita80.3Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.7.139.4Talentecosystem6.744.7InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)47.372.0Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)470.2Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.55.155.1Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.54.054.0Talentecosystem0.36.4Healthworkersper10,000pop.16691.7Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)31824.5Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)54.1Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)2.013.6Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.21.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem8.583.1Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.151.6Bankconcentration%totalassets3.948.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.964.7Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.253.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.761.5Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban48.3Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)n.a.n.a.FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.07.9Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)7.914.3TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.660.2Governmentadaptation1-7(best)36.863.20-100(best)58.244.3Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)13.786.3Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)63.336.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)4,46540.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita64.152.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)21.578.5Institutionalecosystem10.179.815.984.1Civilrights0-60(high)13.126.1Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.152.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.457.3Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.542.26161.046.054.052.256.274.026.052.736.95.067.447.937.824.140.297.897.877.077.018.781.34.18.34.152.26.832.00.820.09.89.8-0.931.44.456.632.732.73333.04.660.0-0.637.23.381.52586.23355.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.658.10.551.84.355.01.843.8Economy37,1995-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change3.1%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/237,1995.4%Poland3.6%4.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness49.2Inclusiveness64.7Sustainability50.7Resilience57.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators37.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth68.7Wealthinequality,top10%share61.8%38.3m8062.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202149.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0.2%57.2%0%0.4%0%-0.01%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions3329MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions287MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7338Mt331Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Poland2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)49.2Sustainability0-100(best)50.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.846.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.151.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.576.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.542.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.659.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.100.0100.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions73.073.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapita1657.2tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total10.232.2Financialecosystem55.8Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year16.116.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.354.5Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.657.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP93.093.0Financialecosystem26081.9Technologyecosystem50.030.7Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.353.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.9100.0Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.354.5InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.948.3Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)431.4ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%6.435.7Resilience0-100(best)8.053.4Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem33.350.7Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)5392.7Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)54.954.9Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.53.753.8Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.427.7Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.1,23338.4TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)70754.4Resourcesecosystem57.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop9.362.4Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)4.834.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)28.044.0ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)0.866.8Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.847.4Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.3.440.3Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.2.830.3Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)4.152.3Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.64.7Technologyecosystem4.48.8Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter6.552.3Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)37.167.8Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem4.050.8Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)5.794.3Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations82.076.0Governmentadaptation1-7(best)20.979.10-100(best)12.088.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)1,59314.5Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)76.568.6Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)17.482.6ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)16.683.5Institutionalecosystem4.591.1Civilrights0-60(high)19.338.64.762.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.456.6Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.050.67171.027.073.049.958.999.50.580.54.660.785.486.87.011.888.9100.0100.093.993.932.068.0-0.70.04.762.33.763.018.718.70.13.60.560.33.440.831.331.35555.04.050.20.597.10.458.94778.32689.70.554.60.185.6LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.643.12.971.4Economy36,9455-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.6%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/236,9453.5%Portugal1.9%2.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-3.5%20002023-2.9%Pillar2000100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness50.9Sustainability69.3Resilience52.462.7Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators10.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.0Wealthinequality,top10%share60.7%10.6m8060.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021113.9%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0.8%134.9%0%1.1%0%-0.01%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions341MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions48MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce770Mt129Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Portugal2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)50.9Sustainability0-100(best)52.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.846.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.558.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.555.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.049.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.3ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.100.0100.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions76.676.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapita73632.3tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.762.1Renewableenergyconsumption%total5.066.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.355.1Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year31.231.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.91.091.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.122.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP101.262.1Financialecosystem60056.4TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.528.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.338.8Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.151.5InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.049.3Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)130.4ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%5.430.1Resilience0-100(best)6.241.2Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem27.141.4Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1810.9Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)83.883.8Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.83.183.1Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.632.3Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.7596.3Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)65350.2Resourcesecosystem62.7Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop9.161.4Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)6.848.4Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.764.8Infrastructurequality1-7(best)35.828.4Resourcesecosystem2.931.0Financialecosystem4.253.9Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)3.338.0Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.151.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.69.3Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)15.030.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.527.6Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.862.5TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban87.983.9Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)56.1100.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%7.492.6Institutionalecosystem7.692.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)86.782.2Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)18.281.8Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.13.173.9Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)7,52568.4Technologyecosystem20.040.1Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)46.553.5Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)35.564.50-100(best)4.456.1Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)5.372.1ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.761.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem30.070.06262.0Civilrights0-60(high)98.868.836.7Politicalparticipation0-1(best)1.276.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)82.394.24.863.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)95.2100.016.126.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)100.097.397.33.57.022.877.24.761.00.892.01.946.421.821.81.069.13.541.434.034.06262.04.660.21.172.70.895.62896.65795.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.662.30.190.64.862.73.382.2Economy93,2975-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/2116,4936.4%Qatar1.8%13.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-6.4%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness58.7Sustainability56.4Resilience37.459.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators2.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth67.1Wealthinequality,top10%share71.7%2.8m8072.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202142.4%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDPn.a.Greenbonds,%GDP0.4%72.6%0.4%Datanotavailable20000%20000%Production-basedCO₂emissions2022202196MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions71MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce3101Mt74Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Qatar2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)58.7Sustainability0-100(best)37.4TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.371.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.066.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.372.4Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.964.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.676.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions100.0100.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)99.899.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total74.90.0Financialecosystem1,50365.9Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.10.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.574.7Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP1.026.6Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.965.6Greenpatentstotal32477.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPn.a.n.a.Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.138.985.2Institutionalecosystem0.534.0PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.227.3ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%5.169.1Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem5.067.4Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-6410.0Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1.910.3Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)2.617.3Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)63.596.8Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)80.0Resourcesecosystem62.462.4Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop0.713.6Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)48.348.3Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)27220.9Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter10,2530.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Infrastructurequality1-7(best)59.3ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)1.510.4Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.0.967.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)1.896.3Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.372.3Banksystemdefaultriskz-score5.677.3Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.5.676.5Technologyecosystem5.575.3Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Financialecosystem56.4Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter1.210.0Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem25.045.6Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.5.066.3Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations76.468.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)51.648.40-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)93.07.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)92.17.9ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem64.853.02592.4Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)11.277.612.088.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)9.518.910.889.2Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.270.36.083.35.371.38686.0n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.96.64.0100.0100.096.796.05.575.1100.0100.018.530.894.594.556.044.01.83.65.676.66.436.03.484.413.013.01.069.25.676.0n.a.n.a.5858.05.067.20.968.60.497.72172.41830.00.16.40.547.15.269.81.843.8LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverageEconomy33,5165-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/233,5168.6%Romania3.6%5.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-8.6%20002023-5.3%Pillar2000100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness43.3Sustainability63.9Resilience51.757.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators19mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.8Wealthinequality,top10%share57.7%22.5m8059.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202150.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%51.7%0%0.1%0%-0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions379MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions81MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7108Mt115Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Romania2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)43.3Sustainability0-100(best)51.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystem4.0Availabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.948.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.350.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.372.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)39.1Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.1Resourcesecosystem60.8ResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)5.360.8Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.98.698.6Annualgreenhousegasemissions64.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapita66529.1tonsCO₂equiv.percap.24.124.1Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.253.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total0.565.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)33176.6Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.049.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.361.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.64.064.0Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP26.015.9Financialecosystem0.17.9TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)3.745.4Technologyecosystem60.2Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal9.060.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP3.744.5Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem81.281.2Patentapplicationstotal6.636.8Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)74.874.8Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)84657.7Scientificpublicationshindex44.467.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita57.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)28.5Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.860.4Talentecosystem4.043.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-643.749.6Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.59.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)1.245.5Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)6.9Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)39830.6Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.2.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.29.755.1Talentecosystem6.241.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.54.3Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem9.6Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)3.021.2Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)13.290.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)10,92186.8Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.356.2Waterresourcesm³percapita/year13.699.3Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)3.135.7Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter16.786.4Incomedistribution%sharebottom503.032.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter83.4Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)4.151.7Resourcesecosystem63.9FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)5555.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.4.354.7Bankconcentration%totalassets67.438.3Healthydietunaffordability%pop.78.471.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)46.3Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.817.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.7.192.9Technologyecosystem10.3Ruralelectricitygap%urban68.257.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)76.3FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter76.368.0Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%5.489.1Institutionalecosystem32.1Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)15.430.9Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)56.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)4.429.2Technologyecosystem4.456.4Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)1.260.7Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0.535.80-100(best)4.354.4Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)3.146.0Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)27.073.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)4658.2ICTcost%GNIpercapita92.8Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)0.489.7Institutionalecosystem7.278.126Civilrights0-60(high)83.678.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)82.1100.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)100.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.99.84.151.19.79.731.431.4LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage4.354.20.696.94880.00.769.00.276.64.151.23.075.0Economy2,5635-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change3.7%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/22,5636%Rwanda6.2%9.6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness37.7Inclusiveness39.6Sustainability58.2Resilience52.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators13.2mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth60.2Wealthinequality,top10%share72.5%13.2m8080.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202161.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP4.47%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.92%7.16%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions2MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions2MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce02Mt2Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Rwanda2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)37.7Sustainability0-100(best)58.2TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.863.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.455.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.942.6Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.948.3Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.761.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.98.898.8Annualgreenhousegasemissions51.451.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)361.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total0.894.8FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.863.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year81.481.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.839.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.151.7Financialecosystem4897.9Technologyecosystem39.039.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.448.8Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)25.015.4TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.04.6Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.253.6Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.252.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.2.010.9Talentecosystem7.248.3InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)6.910.5Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)00.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.54.654.7Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.90.990.9Talentecosystem0.815.2Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem2298.9Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1189.1Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)52.8Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.74.7Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.00.2Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem5.589.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.151.4Bankconcentration%totalassets4.456.3Healthydietunaffordability%pop.5.168.2Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.5.777.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.761.8Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban39.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.83.6FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem1.612.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.22.1TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.964.4Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)48.631.4Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)34.465.6ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem90.29.8n.a.n.a.Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)82.776.91,0759.8Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)27.445.318.581.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)11.823.721.978.14.964.84.863.94.457.03333.062.244.5n.a.n.a.4.762.082.018.021.435.730.57.3n.a.n.a.39.039.080.080.032.667.41.53.04.660.16.733.03.485.79.79.70.253.45.574.721.821.85151.04.964.30.254.02069.011.137.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage1525.00.549.80.732.75.066.12.664.3Economy1/2SaudiArabia2.3%5.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP55,9185-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change56,6053.1%0%2000202302023-3.1%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness55.9Sustainability55.9Resilience35.056.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators32.2mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth64.0Wealthinequality,top10%share72.6%32.2m8075.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021200023.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0.3%Production-basedCO₂emissions96.4%0.01%0.3%0%0%-0.01%0%202120222022200020002672MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions658MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7679Mt700Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023SaudiArabia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)55.9Sustainability0-100(best)35.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.574.8Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.270.7Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.760.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.152.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.574.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions69.369.3ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total26.70.0Financialecosystem2,06690.6Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)76.7Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.10.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.6Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.564.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)5.066.2Greenpatentstotal75844.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP73.073.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.54.033.1Institutionalecosystem0.528.9PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.110.2ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%5.168.1Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem5.371.8Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64642.1Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)0.31.9Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)4.429.1Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)36.756.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)3871.9Resourcesecosystem68.068.0Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop0.59.3Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)51.051.0Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)53341.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5,1790.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Infrastructurequality1-7(best)56.5ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)1.07.0Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.992.1Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.0.356.8Technologyecosystem5.168.9Ruralelectricitygap%urban5.574.8Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem5.880.4Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.371.2Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)55.9Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)1.12.2Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)2.217.9Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)27.950.9Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.864.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)59.240.8Institutionalecosystem74.465.8Civilrights0-60(high)22.277.849.150.9Politicalparticipation0-1(best)43.324.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)18.163.81511.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)10.821.6Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)10.189.95.677.310.189.95.676.24.558.07676.015.085.073.131.6n.a.n.a.100.0100.05.981.0n.a.n.a.24.440.6100.0100.099.599.564.135.91.53.06.083.77.624.02.868.818.118.1-0.638.36.082.9n.a.n.a.5151.04.761.90.254.61.492.32275.9711.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.110.20.553.54.762.31.640.0Economy3,5335-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/23,5333.5%Senegal5.2%5.2%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness33.2Inclusiveness40.0Sustainability53.5Resilience47.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators17.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth59.4Wealthinequality,top10%share60.8%17.7m8067.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202176.6%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP2.59%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.76.6%4.25%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions14MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions15MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce014Mt15Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Senegal2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)33.2Sustainability0-100(best)53.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.355.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.151.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.636.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.338.3Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.660.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.83.083.1Annualgreenhousegasemissions82.382.3ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)723.2Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.887.9FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.846.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year38.638.6Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.838.6Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.236.9Financialecosystem18587.6Technologyecosystem53.053.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.277.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)29.418.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.222.8Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.642.9Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.642.6Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.2.312.8Talentecosystem4.127.5InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)26.840.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)10.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.39.039.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.59.859.8Talentecosystem0.611.5Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem5797.2Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)15411.9Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)47.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.85.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.32.3Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem5.788.7Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.343.8Bankconcentration%totalassets4.151.3Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.541.5Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.049.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.152.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban40.0Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)3.36.6FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem0.32.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)0.81.5TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.846.0Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)50.133.5Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)24.975.1ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)33.966.1Institutionalecosystem80.020.02,39121.7Civilrights0-60(high)15.284.8Politicalparticipation0-1(best)58.144.115.584.5Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)47.15.74.151.2Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)14.027.94.252.83.237.23737.066.034.079.424.245.055.058.144.13.745.426.712.415.926.546.246.235.935.922.777.34.48.93.440.03.763.01.231.34.74.7-0.246.63.949.1n.a.n.a.4343.03.745.2-0.442.75.767.42482.83965.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.547.10.365.23.643.73.075.0Economy1/2Serbia21,3005-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change4%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change2.5%21,3008%5.1%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness45.5Inclusiveness60.0Sustainability46.9Resilience56.1Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators6.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.9Wealthinequality,top10%share56.8%7.5m8058.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202153.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.35%Greenbonds,%GDP1.9%213.8%1.38%1.9%0%0%0%202120002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions231MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce761MtDatanotavailable20000t2000020212023Serbia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)45.5Sustainability0-100(best)46.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.643.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.847.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.577.2Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.032.7Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.354.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.98.798.7Annualgreenhousegasemissions59.859.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)3.948.1Renewableenergyconsumption%total5.662.5FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.050.3Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year26.026.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.87.087.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.469.9Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP45.527.9Financialecosystem64053.3TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.353.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.562.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.049.9InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.049.5Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)30.1ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%9.854.1Resilience0-100(best)7.550.2Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem25.138.2Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)280.1Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)55.055.0Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.56.756.7Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.019.9Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.1,45527.3TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)34426.5Resourcesecosystem56.1Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop6.946.6Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)0.75.4Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.051.0Infrastructurequality1-7(best)31.636.8Resourcesecosystem3.134.3Financialecosystem3.847.1Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)3.847.3Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.948.8Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets6.112.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.60.0Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)5.644.9Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem36.867.1Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem4.761.3Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter8.191.9Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%71.762.2Institutionalecosystem22.877.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)52.048.0Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)23,355100.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.77.169.5Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)91.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)8.681.4Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations7.285.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)18.659.10-100(best)16.933.8Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)4.5ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.355.6Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)4.354.74848.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)28.072.047.761.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)10.989.1Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)81.274.94.355.6Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)75.170.210.317.3100.0100.089.889.837.362.75.010.04.152.05.644.00.410.79.99.9-0.147.34.050.141.741.73636.04.761.7-0.148.22.685.42172.44066.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.657.10.279.54.761.61.537.5Economy1/2SierraLeone0.9%8.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP1,7135-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.7%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1,98711.9%0%0%200020230-11.9%20002023-8.5%Pillar20002023100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness22.3Sustainability29.4Resilience47.644.7Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators8.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth52.9Wealthinequality,top10%share60.3%8.3m8066.4%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202195.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP2.91%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.180.7%4.5%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions1MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce21Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023SierraLeone2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)22.3Sustainability0-100(best)47.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.033.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)2.525.4Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.636.6Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.423.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)2.729.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.48.648.6Annualgreenhousegasemissions49.749.7ICTcapitalUSDpercapitan.a.n.a.tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)2.829.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.484.1FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)2.321.8Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year71.271.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.842.7Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP27.027.0Financialecosystem2799.5TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.184.4Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)6.03.7GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.Institutionalecosystem0.03.5PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.032.8Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%2.625.9Resilience0-100(best)00.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem0.84.7Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-644.127.5Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)00.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.19.719.7TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.37.037.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)n.a.n.a.ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)1599.3Lackofsocialprotection%pop846.5Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)44.7Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)1.27.7Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.00.2Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)5.489.2Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.-1.030.8Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)4.050.7Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.032.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.2.830.1Technologyecosystem3.135.2Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem29.4Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter2.14.2Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)0.43.2Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)0.71.3Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)3.134.7Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita41.021.3Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)33.866.2Institutionalecosystemn.a.n.a.Civilrights0-60(high)95.64.420,479100.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)11.588.5Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)91.188.110.689.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)2.931.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)47.55.015.030.03.237.42.728.1n.a.n.a.69.935.466.034.02.729.283.516.56.310.618.00.010.30.08.68.625.325.327.572.54.59.02.931.85.545.01.128.62.62.6-0.246.72.932.2n.a.n.a.3434.0-0.833.62.931.52275.939.90.03660.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.659.30.457.52.829.43.587.5Economy108,7335-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/2108,7335.8%Singapore2.9%6.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness76.4Inclusiveness69.5Sustainability40.0Resilience63.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators5.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth73.6Wealthinequality,top10%share62.8%5.7m8062.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021167.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDPn.a.Greenbonds,%GDP2%167.5%2.2%Datanotavailable20000%20000%Production-basedCO₂emissions2022202233MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions143MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce460Mt262Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Singapore2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)76.4Sustainability0-100(best)40.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.964.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.253.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)4.496.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.151.5Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.270.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions33.533.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total7.351.3Financialecosystem5,797100.0Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year0.90.9Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.575.6Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP1.119.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)5.370.9Greenpatentstotal11492.9Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP95.095.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.130.680.2Institutionalecosystem0.354.4PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.15.8ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.760.9Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem4.965.1Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64592.0Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)38.9100.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)7.550.2Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)82.1100.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)8054.0Resourcesecosystem78.278.2Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop1.937.7Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)64.964.9Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)76158.5Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter3,6630.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)15.6100.0Infrastructurequality1-7(best)63.6ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)8.762.2Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)20.758.6Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.2.294.6Technologyecosystem4.965.2Ruralelectricitygap%urban5.778.8Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem6.489.6Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.677.1Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)69.5Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)1.73.4Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)2.519.9Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)24.344.4Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita5.269.8Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)25.574.5Institutionalecosystem88.584.7Civilrights0-60(high)49.650.4Politicalparticipation0-1(best)0.0100.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)82.376.41071.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)10.080.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)22.645.119.980.15.779.015.085.06.692.76.184.89898.024.076.080.822.6n.a.n.a.91.188.15.982.3100.0100.028.647.7100.0100.098.598.532.867.24.28.55.778.93.763.02.562.530.530.51.579.95.982.335.435.48383.05.066.51.987.20.398.31862.12846.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.215.10.192.95.270.82.971.9Economy41,2935-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/241,2934.6%Slovenia2.9%4.2%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202202023-4.6%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness52.8Sustainability72.1Resilience41.958.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators2.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.7Wealthinequality,top10%share57.2%2.1m8057.2%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202172.6%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0.2%82.6%0%0.2%0%-0.01%0%202120182000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions213MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions19MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce718Mt23Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Slovenia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)52.8Sustainability0-100(best)41.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.236.0Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.846.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.679.4Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.845.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.457.1ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.899.8Annualgreenhousegasemissions80.480.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapita77033.8tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.152.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total8.443.9FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.557.8Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year22.422.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.97.097.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.747.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP43.426.6Financialecosystem45467.4TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.529.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.03.8Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.152.4InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.744.4Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)100.3ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%7.441.0Resilience0-100(best)6.341.8Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem36.956.3Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1280.6Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)n.a.n.a.Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.n.a.n.a.Inclusiveness0-100(best)2.142.9Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.52773.7TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)39330.2Resourcesecosystem58.8Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop13.087.3Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)9.467.5Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.866.6Infrastructurequality1-7(best)32.834.4Resourcesecosystem3.338.4Financialecosystem3.744.7Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)3.541.1Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.253.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.72.1Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)10.020.0Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.435.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)32.859.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%5.066.2Institutionalecosystem19.880.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)84.479.1Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)11.188.9Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)15,315100.0Technologyecosystem5.294.8Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)14.086.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations85.380.4Governmentadaptation1-7(best)14.985.10-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)48.9Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)2.195.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)3.9ICTcost%GNIpercapita22.945.8Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)5.167.7Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.557.97575.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)13.087.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)100.066.539.40.085.389.097.94.761.298.3100.0100.04.57.574.974.942.357.75.811.61.486.04.660.020.420.40.25.00.865.23.541.229.829.85656.04.964.70.994.71.070.65693.32793.10.768.00.193.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage4.965.22.870.8Economy1/2SouthAfrica0.8%3.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP13,2435-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.9%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change14,0493.5%0%2000202302023-3.5%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness44.1Sustainability52.9Resilience47.648.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators60.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth56.2Wealthinequality,top10%share85.6%60.6m8090.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202171.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.1%Greenbonds,%GDP0%71.1%0.22%0.2%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions3436MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions302MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7495Mt341Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023SouthAfrica2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)44.1Sustainability0-100(best)47.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.847.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.152.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.964.6Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.744.3Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.253.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions62.662.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)98.598.5Renewableenergyconsumption%total9.238.7FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)1205.3Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.846.1Financialecosystem9.89.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.654.4Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.150.9Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade33976.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.81.081.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal112.068.7Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.450.4Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita0.336.7Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.355.7TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)4.253.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)160.6Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)1.58.5Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.5.234.8Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem24.437.2Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)1460.7Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)74.574.5Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)84.884.8Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.612.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/year1,07546.2Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom5061447.2Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter48.8Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem8.456.5FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.53.3Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score9.082.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban-0.148.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.456.4Financialecosystem3.643.5Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%3.642.7Institutionalecosystem4.559.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.52.9Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)2.44.8TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)2.318.40-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)8.114.8ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem4.355.017.982.1Civilrights0-60(high)71.061.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)50.749.350.849.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)80.173.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)17.365.48758.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)5.811.60.0100.04.252.710.289.84.660.03.338.94141.054.046.079.424.266.733.372.363.14.762.0n.a.n.a.15.525.893.693.678.578.549.650.4-2.50.04.252.66.139.00.716.719.019.0-0.735.93.440.266.066.14343.04.355.60.152.65.469.42586.24676.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.655.70.458.24.252.52.766.7Economy41,2295-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.4%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/241,2293.8%Spain1.8%3.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-3.8%20002023-3.8%Pillar2000100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness56.1Sustainability70.7Resilience52.558.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators47.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth72.1Wealthinequality,top10%share57.6%47.6m8058.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021111.6%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.01%Greenbonds,%GDP1.2%120.3%0%1.2%0%-0.03%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions4234MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions253MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7370Mt429Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Spain2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)56.1Sustainability0-100(best)52.5TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.354.5Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.254.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.066.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.541.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.557.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.699.6Annualgreenhousegasemissions69.969.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapita92440.5tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.965.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.059.9FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.862.9Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year19.419.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.98.098.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.936.2Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP108.566.6Financialecosystem63154.1TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.533.8Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.888.2Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.4.152.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP4.457.1Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)1665.5ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%4.726.1Resilience0-100(best)5.738.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem39.660.3Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1,4737.4Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)82.982.9Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.81.581.5Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.428.2Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.60269.9TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)1,15488.8Resourcesecosystem58.3Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop7.953.1Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)7.553.6Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)0.866.2Infrastructurequality1-7(best)30.738.5Resourcesecosystem3.337.6Financialecosystem4.252.6Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)3.135.0Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.948.6Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.70.7Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)16.833.6Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.023.8Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)45.883.5FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%4.863.4Institutionalecosystem9.091.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)85.380.3Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)17.782.3Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.17.482.6Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)2,37621.6Technologyecosystem84.679.5Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)12.587.5Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations15.768.5Governmentadaptation1-7(best)11.588.50-100(best)21.543.1Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)5.575.3ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.964.3Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)4.864.17171.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)15.085.072.033.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)98.2Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)1.891.95.270.4Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)93.999.516.928.299.6100.0100.098.598.540.060.06.713.36.337.05.269.327.327.30.49.40.661.63.033.831.831.86060.04.760.90.895.20.967.55388.329100.00.664.60.192.6LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage4.964.62.767.9Economy12,0835-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-2.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/213,7536.3%SriLanka1.8%6.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202202022-6.3%20000%Pillar20002022InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness35.0Sustainability50.5Resilience47.745.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators22.4mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth67.0Wealthinequality,top10%share64.4%22.4m8066.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021115.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.44%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.115.5%0.72%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions21MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions37MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce223Mt39Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023SriLanka2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)35.0Sustainability0-100(best)47.7TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.948.8Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.949.0Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.963.5Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.439.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.457.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.97.097.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions63.463.4ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)703.1Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.987.3FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.847.4Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year49.349.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.933.2Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.745.6Financialecosystem60755.9Technologyecosystem55.055.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.182.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)49.930.6TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.00.5Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.151.3Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.846.4Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.79.7Talentecosystem5.335.3InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)8.312.6Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)100.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.41.741.7Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.43.743.7Talentecosystem0.12.4Healthworkersper10,000pop.26586.8Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)24518.9Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)45.2Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)3.926.3Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.32.1Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem17.664.9Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.442.6Bankconcentration%totalassets3.745.6Healthydietunaffordability%pop.3.541.5Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.033.5Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.948.1Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban50.5Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.42.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem4.233.2Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)11.921.8TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.253.2Governmentadaptation1-7(best)18.581.50-100(best)66.755.7Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)26.473.6Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)63.636.4Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)2,42222.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita44.526.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)42.257.8Institutionalecosystem12.076.032.967.1Civilrights0-60(high)16.633.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.354.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.559.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.152.41111.031.069.057.749.855.544.566.755.63.643.247.136.935.158.5100.0100.058.658.748.951.13.77.43.745.38.020.01.025.017.417.4-0.343.63.236.840.640.63636.04.253.30.050.81.193.62172.43151.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.552.70.552.33.744.22.255.0Economy54,0855-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/255,9743.4%Sweden2.1%3.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-3.4%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness74.9Sustainability75.8Resilience62.971.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators10.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth71.9Wealthinequality,top10%share58.9%10.5m8060%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202132.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.2%Greenbonds,%GDP2.2%51.8%0%2.5%0%-0.24%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions536MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions62MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce757Mt93Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Sweden2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)74.9Sustainability0-100(best)62.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.660.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.065.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.476.4Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)5.066.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.269.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)95.195.1Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.100.0100.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions6.258.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapita3,708100.0tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)Renewableenergyconsumption%total58.458.4Financialecosystem5.371.8Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)0.563.6Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year23783.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.066.4Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.537.6Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP99.099.0FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystem139.285.4Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.559.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.862.8Greenpatentstotal30310.1Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.864.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade7.952.8Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.11.966.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal52.880.5Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)63.663.6Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP2,95514.8Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)72.772.7Scientificpublicationshindex3.569.8Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita15192.5Knowledge-intensiveemployment%1,10985.3Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.14.899.3Talentecosystem71.0Institutionalecosystem11.280.2Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1.885.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)32.634.8Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)5.371.7Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.659.9Inclusiveness0-100(best)4.964.8Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.4.964.3TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)75.8Resourcesecosystem31.362.6Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)2.117.1Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/year70.6100.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom504.863.9Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter9.390.7Socialmobility1-7(best)85.280.3Infrastructurequality1-7(best)14.385.7ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem16,847100.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)0.0100.0Countrycreditrating0-100(best)33.466.6Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.90.587.3Bankconcentration%totalassets34.465.6Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)71.9Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.992.3Banksystemdefaultriskz-score5.3Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.23.346.6TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)Financialecosystem5.270.5Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)5.169.0Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)9999.0Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.3.097.0Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)89.612.2Technologyecosystem0.699.4Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations88.384.4Governmentadaptation1-7(best)5.269.70-100(best)99.799.7Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)39.465.6Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)100.0100.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)94.694.6Institutionalecosystem28.171.9Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.89.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)5.270.50.595.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)1.843.840.440.41.070.75.066.333.633.68383.04.863.71.784.70.597.329100.060100.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.664.90.096.65.066.83.485.0Economy73,1425-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/273,1422.4%Switzerland1.8%2.3%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness80.4Inclusiveness77.9Sustainability49.8Resilience69.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators8.7mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth72.5Wealthinequality,top10%share62.7%8.7m8062.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202140.9%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.1%Greenbonds,%GDP0.4%57.8%0%0.4%0%2021-0.1%20000%2022200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions535MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions107MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce746Mt163Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Switzerland2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)80.4Sustainability0-100(best)49.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.371.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.457.2Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.782.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.660.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.168.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions64.164.1ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)100.0100.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total4.868.3Financialecosystem5,338100.0Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year26.426.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.880.2Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.747.6Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)5.270.3Greenpatentstotal20686.0Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP98.098.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.168.5100.0Institutionalecosystem0.71.4PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.110.0ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%5.269.9Resilience0-100(best)2167.2Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.5.270.8TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem12.770.3Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-645.134.1Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)65.599.9Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)3,01315.1Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)73.273.2Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)3.263.8Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.87.487.4Inclusiveness0-100(best)1,23394.9Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.51074.5Talentecosystem14.698.3Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)20.0100.0Resourcesecosystem69.9Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop1.784.6Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)29.441.2Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)5.472.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/year4.762.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)5.677.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.880.1Incomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)77.9Infrastructurequality1-7(best)30.561.0ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem4.637.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)5.372.1Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.86.381.8Bankconcentration%totalassets44.481.1Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.3.496.6Banksystemdefaultriskz-score27.972.1Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.85.580.6Technologyecosystem12.987.1Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)6,26156.9Financialecosystem2.096.0Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter19.081.0Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%23.546.9Institutionalecosystem33.366.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.6.184.6Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)6.489.5TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations5.981.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)100100.00-100(best)13.087.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)65.640.4Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)100.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita0.094.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)5.880.4Institutionalecosystem95.696.115.325.6Civilrights0-60(high)96.7100.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)100.087.087.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)31.668.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.77.5Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)0.397.06.287.41.537.51.172.628.628.64.965.78282.027.927.91.886.25.270.42689.70.895.8LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage5795.00.988.30.096.45.473.93.280.0Economy17,9165-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/218,4324.9%Thailand1.8%4.7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202202023-4.9%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness47.9Sustainability55.7Resilience40.851.5Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators70.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth68.3Wealthinequality,top10%share74.2%70.1m8076.7%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202160.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.02%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%60.5%0.24%0.2%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions3278MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions275MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7293Mt282Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Thailand2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)47.9Sustainability0-100(best)40.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.253.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.847.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.862.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.542.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.659.5ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.98.198.1Annualgreenhousegasemissions64.064.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapita50922.3tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.659.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.556.9FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.254.2Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year20.820.8Digitalpayments%adultpop.92.092.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.933.1Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP160.498.4Financialecosystem82339.6TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.445.6Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)Greenpatentstotal0.19.5Exportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.3.847.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP3.948.2Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)110.4ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%3.620.1Resilience0-100(best)7.348.4Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystem41.463.0Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)830.4Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)66.666.6Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.45.145.1Inclusiveness0-100(best)1.326.6Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.95252.4TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)42332.5Resourcesecosystem51.5Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop2.516.6Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)0.43.0Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)22.056.1ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)0.151.8Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.151.7Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.4.659.9Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.3.337.8Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)3.744.3Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.55.7Technologyecosystem0.30.6Ruralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter2.116.8Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%InstitutionalecosystemAccesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)9.316.9Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem4.964.4Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)7.592.5Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations82.076.0Governmentadaptation1-7(best)20.080.00-100(best)32.068.0Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)6,30057.3Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)78.871.7Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita16.866.3Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)0.084.2Institutionalecosystem15.865.1Civilrights0-60(high)9.719.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.253.54.9Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)3.948.46565.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)21.079.044.864.918.082.085.380.44.761.9n.a.n.a.7.913.199.899.886.586.538.561.51.53.04.151.97.525.026.626.60.00.0-0.539.13.744.529.029.03636.04.864.03.083.10.152.32440.02172.40.330.50.455.6LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage4.557.61.230.0Economy10,8235-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.9%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/211,3654.3%Tunisia1%4.8%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-4.3%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness35.6Sustainability53.6Resilience49.947.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators12.1mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.9Wealthinequality,top10%share58.%12.1m8062.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202179.8%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.11%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.79.9%1.84%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions32MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions25MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce232Mt28Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Tunisia2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)35.6Sustainability0-100(best)49.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.745.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.947.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.760.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.829.5Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.6ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.95.095.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions68.868.8ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)1074.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.874.8FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.947.7Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year12.912.9Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.024.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.235.9Financialecosystem32976.8Technologyecosystem28.028.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.266.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)81.750.1TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.330.2Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.236.1Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.540.9Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita00.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.2.614.5Talentecosystem7.851.7InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)27.642.0Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)80.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.66.366.3Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.77.477.4Talentecosystem0.714.9Healthworkersper10,000pop.55572.3Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)25719.8Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)47.9Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)3.221.6Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.32.4Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem13.672.7Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.442.2Bankconcentration%totalassets2.627.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.049.7Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.2.830.6Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.948.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban53.6Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)1.53.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem2.217.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)12.623.0TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations3.947.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)14.385.70-100(best)67.156.2Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)49.850.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)37.662.4ICTcost%GNIpercapita39.719.7Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem30.738.63953.6Civilrights0-60(high)16.633.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)10.989.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.152.2Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)13.786.3Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)3.643.23.744.62121.031.069.044.565.317.182.979.072.03.236.574.369.338.764.599.799.786.286.239.260.84.99.73.440.65.743.00.716.77.17.1-0.736.13.033.936.336.34040.03.744.60.151.91.889.92379.33660.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.656.60.373.63.542.43.791.7Economy34,2175-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change3.5%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/234,2176.1%Türkiye4.7%5.7%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness40.0Inclusiveness49.7Sustainability44.9Resilience44.2Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators85.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth68.4Wealthinequality,top10%share68%85.3m8077.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202131.7%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.32%Greenbonds,%GDP0.1%75.5%0.32%0.1%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2446MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions402MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7446Mt442Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Türkiye2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)40.0Sustainability0-100(best)44.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.642.6Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.338.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.555.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.930.8Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.847.4ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.599.5Annualgreenhousegasemissions75.275.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)2239.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total7.152.9FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.948.8Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year13.713.7Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.657.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP3.337.9Financialecosystem74245.7Technologyecosystem68.068.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.441.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)75.246.1TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.558.5Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.947.7Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.948.0Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita451.5Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.16.4Talentecosystem6.342.3InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)36.756.0Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)5862.9Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.57.257.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.78.078.0Talentecosystem1.121.8Healthworkersper10,000pop.1,28935.6Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)57744.4Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)44.2Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)4.530.5Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom503.021.5Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem-0.148.4Financialecosystem12.774.7Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)2.525.8Countrycreditrating0-100(best)3.236.3Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.2.931.5Bankconcentration%totalassets3.643.8Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)6.913.8Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.49.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-score2.922.8Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)20.437.2FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%3.541.8Institutionalecosystemn.a.n.a.Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)75.667.5Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)14.985.1Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.22.677.4Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)2,54523.1Technologyecosystem49.232.2Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)26.873.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations13.672.7Governmentadaptation1-7(best)n.a.n.a.0-100(best)14.228.4Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)5.473.6ICTcost%GNIpercapita3.643.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)4.254.02828.0Politicalparticipation0-1(best)51.049.046.862.6Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)94.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)6.075.23.542.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)81.4n.a.7.312.2n.a.100.0100.097.597.5n.a.n.a.3.26.43.847.17.327.05.15.10.37.2-1.128.03.542.228.128.13636.03.541.10.796.2-0.441.71626.71965.50.441.30.548.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage2.932.01.436.1Economy11,6855-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-1.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/213,2908.7%Ukraine-3.9%6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-8.7%2000-6%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness46.4Sustainability64.8Resilience51.051.7Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators34.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth64.3Wealthinequality,top10%share59.8%48.7m8060.3%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202178.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.69%Greenbonds,%GDP0.4%79.5%1.35%0.4%0%0%0%202120002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions2202MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions190MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7336Mt299Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Ukraine2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)46.4Sustainability0-100(best)51.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.455.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.253.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.373.1Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.457.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.066.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions55.255.2ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)91.691.6Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.953.8FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)1757.7Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP5.066.6Financialecosystem8.78.7TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.379.5Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP3.744.5Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade25282.6Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.81.081.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal28.217.3Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.352.9Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita0.673.5Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.049.5TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)3.847.4Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)70.3Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)7.039.1Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.630.5Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem32.749.8Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)600.3Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)45.445.4Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)64.364.3Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)0.35.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/year87156.4Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom5034926.9Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter51.7Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem18.6100.0FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.0.75.0Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.344.4Banksystemdefaultriskz-score28.642.8Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.456.3Technologyecosystem3.643.3Ruralelectricitygap%urban3.846.5Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.760.9FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimportern.a.n.a.Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%64.8Institutionalecosystem7.559.7Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)29.954.6TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations5.167.8Governmentadaptation1-7(best)18.781.30-100(best)75.567.3Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)17.682.4Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)27.073.0Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)4,20038.2ICTcost%GNIpercapita76.068.0Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)100.0Institutionalecosystem0.089.5Civilrights0-60(high)3.692.810.561.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)17.735.5Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.457.2Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.253.71515.032.068.0n.a.n.a.63.642.979.272.387.685.24.151.0100.0100.05.28.665.965.955.244.84.79.35.067.26.436.01.843.85.75.7-1.128.03.948.897.397.33333.05.167.7-0.736.81.790.22172.42846.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.657.70.277.05.372.32.358.3Economy1/2UnitedArabEmirates2.9%6%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP72,6715-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change105,86612.6%0%200020230-12.6%20000%Pillar200020232023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness57.6Sustainability56.1Resilience38.964.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators9.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.0Wealthinequality,top10%share76.4%9.9m8076.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202131.1%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0%Greenbonds,%GDP0.2%41.1%0%0.6%0%2021-0.1%20000%2022200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions3204MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions184MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7216Mt242Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023UnitedArabEmirates2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)57.6Sustainability0-100(best)38.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.574.7Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.167.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.761.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.761.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.676.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions100.0100.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)99.899.8Renewableenergyconsumption%total27.60.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)512.3Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP5.677.1Financialecosystem0.90.9TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem1.213.7Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.965.1Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade51962.5Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.77.077.0InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal88.454.2Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.620.0Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita0.446.3Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.5.168.0TalentecosystemInstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)5.269.6Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)60.2Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)10.155.9Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.228.2Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem39.259.8Healthworkersper10,000pop.Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)660.3Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)69.869.8Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)1.529.9Waterresourcesm³percapita/year74.074.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom5030823.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter2,5430.0Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem9.161.3Financialecosystem64.6Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.3.827.4Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.1.070.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score2.295.6Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.5.472.6Technologyecosystem5.575.2Ruralelectricitygap%urban5.982.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)5.473.6FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimportern.a.n.a.Wealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%56.1Institutionalecosystem1.411.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)28.852.5Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem5.066.8Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0-100(best)81.875.7Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)29.470.6Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita96.53.5Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)50.150.0InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)58.244.32262.1Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)12.674.79.790.3Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)12.825.615.085.05.575.26.286.25.473.59090.018.082.073.231.599.90.1100.05.677.5100.0n.a.22.337.2100.0n.a.98.198.1100.038.961.10.30.65.676.86.436.03.075.05.65.60.663.05.982.116.016.06767.04.964.70.866.60.995.02172.41321.70.19.50.456.75.065.92.256.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverageEconomy1/2UnitedKingdom1.3%2.9%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP46,4285-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-0.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change47,2863%0%0-3%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness68.5Inclusiveness72.2Sustainability54.0Resilience61.4Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators67.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth70.1Wealthinequality,top10%share57.1%67.8m8057.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021101.9%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.07%Greenbonds,%GDP0.9%105.2%0%0.9%0%-0.11%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions7347MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions465MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7578Mt762Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023UnitedKingdom2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)68.5Sustainability0-100(best)54.0TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.659.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.660.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.883.9Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.559.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.863.8ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)42.242.2Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.999.9Annualgreenhousegasemissions6.358.3ICTcapitalUSDpercapita1,63771.8tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)Renewableenergyconsumption%total13.513.5Financialecosystem4.863.6Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)0.654.3Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year12592.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.4.964.3Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.535.6Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP99.099.0FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystem143.888.3Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.441.3Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)4.761.8Greenpatentstotal71723.9Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP4.863.9Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade6.543.6Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.12.569.4InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal48.273.4Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)82.582.5Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDP6,50632.5Renewableenergyregulation0-100(best)91.991.9Scientificpublicationshindex1.734.4Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita85757.1Knowledge-intensiveemployment%1,840100.0Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.9.765.3Talentecosystem61.4Institutionalecosystem5.539.5Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)1.579.4Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)30.339.5Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)4.965.6Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.4.457.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)4.558.5Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.4.863.7TalentecosystemHealthworkersper10,000pop.6.913.8Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)72.2Resourcesecosystem2.519.7Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%pop4.558.6Energysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)31.757.9Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)87.883.7Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter14.086.0Incomedistribution%sharebottom507.992.1Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter20.679.4Socialmobility1-7(best)85.881.0Infrastructurequality1-7(best)2,20120.0ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem10.090.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)2.894.3Countrycreditrating0-100(best)21.178.9Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.20.340.6Bankconcentration%totalassetsHealthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)5.065.9Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.965.4Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.Technologyecosystem8787.0Ruralelectricitygap%urban4.762.2Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)42.967.2Financialecosystem6.094.0Technologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%0.499.6Institutionalecosystem4.965.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)96.795.6Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)18.130.2Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.99.899.8Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)Technologyecosystem100.0100.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)99.599.5Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)45.354.70-100(best)4.69.3Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)3.664.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita4.762.4Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)1.025.0Institutionalecosystem0.560.8Civilrights0-60(high)31.031.04.761.6Politicalparticipation0-1(best)7373.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)24.524.51.478.5Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.558.52896.6Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)0.696.7LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage5490.00.765.60.185.04.660.63.383.3Economy1/2UnitedRepublicofTanzania5.8%6.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP2,9375-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change2.2%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change2,9374.1%00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness33.1Inclusiveness39.5Sustainability54.6Resilience46.3Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators61.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth58.5Wealthinequality,top10%share67%61.5m8067.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202142.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.17%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.50.8%1.2%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions13MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions18MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce013Mt20Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023UnitedRepublicofTanzania2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)33.1Sustainability0-100(best)54.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.457.3Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.558.8Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.738.1Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.049.2Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.456.9ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.58.058.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions76.476.5ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)40.2Renewableenergyconsumption%total3.875.0FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.456.8Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year84.084.0Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.844.0Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.253.2Financialecosystem8994.8TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.273.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)50.050.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP13.28.1Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.110.4Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.254.0Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.253.8Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.52.6Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)5.033.1Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)7.010.6Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem00.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.16.716.7Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem50.350.3Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)0.510.3Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)3298.4Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)22117.0Waterresourcesm³percapita/year46.3Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.610.8Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.00.3FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.888.4Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-0.637.4Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.355.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.4.761.2TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban4.558.3Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.456.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%39.5Institutionalecosystem0.71.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)0.75.6TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)0.50.90-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.354.6Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)35.864.2ICTcost%GNIpercapita42.623.5Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)65.035.0Institutionalecosystem86.014.01,70915.5Civilrights0-60(high)89.686.113.786.3Politicalparticipation0-1(best)27.046.129.670.4Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)12.925.9Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)4.456.7Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.457.24.253.83030.080.523.040.060.04.557.585.015.022.237.031.68.811.30.030.230.290.690.653.546.53.16.24.253.16.931.01.843.83.43.4-0.441.34.659.232.232.23838.04.354.8-0.539.59.645.82482.82440.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.656.00.371.84.354.22.255.0Economy1/2UnitedStatesofAmerica2.1%3.5%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP65,6885-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change1.4%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change65,6883.1%0%2000202302023-3.1%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness74.1Sustainability70.6Resilience43.664.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators333.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth66.1Wealthinequality,top10%share70.7%333.5m8072.9%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002021121.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP-0.01%Greenbonds,%GDP0.3%133.5%0%0.3%0%-0.01%0%202120222000202220002000Production-basedCO₂emissions25007MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions5197MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce76138Mt6729Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023UnitedStatesofAmerica2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)74.1Sustainability0-100(best)43.6TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)5.270.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)5.167.6Educationattainment0-4.5(best)3.783.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.863.7Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)5.371.9ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions69.369.3ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)99.999.9Renewableenergyconsumption%total17.80.0Financialecosystem3,588100.0Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year11.211.2Digitalpayments%adultpop.5.168.3Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDPFinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.471.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)5.270.5Greenpatentstotal1,3500.0Exportsofadvancedservices%GDP93.093.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.216.6100.0Institutionalecosystem0.80.0PatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)0.228.1ScientificpublicationshindexFossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%5.270.0Resilience0-100(best)4,859100.0Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.5.270.8Talentecosystem7.751.1Institutionalecosystem2.714.9Old-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)46.170.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)83.583.5Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)49,974100.0Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)3.468.5Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.63.363.3Inclusiveness0-100(best)2,898100.0Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem8.959.5Healthworkersper10,000pop.2,3290.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)3.323.5ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)64.6Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)Waterresourcesm³percapita/year26.447.2Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.479.0Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter5.168.1Socialmobility1-7(best)5.473.2Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem5.169.0Financialecosystem5.169.2Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.70.6Bankconcentration%totalassets4.69.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.Banksystemdefaultriskz-score2.923.0Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)35.564.9FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%4.862.6Institutionalecosystem9.690.4Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)85.781.0Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)17.882.2Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.16.283.8Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)9,34384.9Technologyecosystem83.678.1Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)21.678.4Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)36.163.90-100(best)2.794.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)13.827.6Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)5.473.5ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem5.474.0Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)5.269.89898.0Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)17.083.038.472.5Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)98.8Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)1.289.05.371.191.897.031.151.897.5100.0100.0100.0100.029.670.41.53.05.066.04.258.00.716.732.932.90.050.15.269.233.733.76969.04.762.11.478.30.796.01655.25083.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.765.60.186.64.761.92.665.0Economy23,6765-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change0.7%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/223,6765.7%Uruguay1.2%5.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%2000202302023-5.7%20000%Pillar20002023InnovativenessScore0100Inclusiveness42.7Sustainability68.2Resilience40.861.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators3.6mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth67.5Wealthinequality,top10%share58.2%3.6m8066.8%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202159.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.07%Greenbonds,%GDP0.2%91.9%0.41%0.2%0%0%0%201820002022200020172000Production-basedCO₂emissions27MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions10MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce79Mt13Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023Uruguay2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)42.7Sustainability0-100(best)40.8TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.863.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.151.0Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.861.7Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.744.6Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.862.7ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.93.793.7Annualgreenhousegasemissions30.930.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapita36015.8tonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)4.558.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total12.814.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.457.5Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year61.161.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.68.068.0Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.471.4Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP27.917.1FinancialecosystemTechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP1,05722.0Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.448.9Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.01.3Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal3.948.8Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex3.846.4Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita10.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.4.123.0Talentecosystem3.020.3InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)18.528.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)90.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.53.653.6Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.67.867.8Talentecosystem0.49.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.33283.4Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)23518.1Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)61.8Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)5.134.5Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.510.7Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.764.4Financialecosystem23.952.3Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)3.846.0Countrycreditrating0-100(best)4.254.0Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.5.270.0Bankconcentration%totalassets4.355.0Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)9.418.8Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.68.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score2.419.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)62.0100.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%4.456.3Institutionalecosystem27.272.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)81.575.4Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)28.271.8Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)48,934100.0Technologyecosystem0.0100.0Politicalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)100.0Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations78.070.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)0.065.00-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)35.062.5Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)6.586.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)ICTcost%GNIpercapita15.530.9Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)4.8InstitutionalecosystemCivilrights0-60(high)4.964.8Politicalparticipation0-1(best)Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.863.86060.0Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)28.072.072.832.1Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)94.85.286.85.777.990.1n.a.6.110.1n.a.100.0100.075.275.258.141.94.89.74.964.60.496.01.333.37.97.91.070.94.152.039.239.27474.04.152.10.764.61.492.02586.25693.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.877.10.191.64.355.33.383.3Economy1/2n.a.Venezuela,BolivarianRepublicofFutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP6,5235-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%changen.a.5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change20,206DatanotavailableDatanotavailable10020000Pillar2023InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness28.6Sustainability42.5Resilience33.135.8Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators26.9mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth64.4Wealthinequality,top10%share61.8%30.7m8071.5%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP200020002020159.5%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.02%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.327.7%0.11%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions80MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions18MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce0198Mt150Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Venezuela,BolivarianRepublicof2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)28.6Sustainability0-100(best)33.1TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.948.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)3.235.9Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.964.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.321.4Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.355.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.65.065.0Annualgreenhousegasemissions85.785.7ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)381.7Renewableenergyconsumption%total6.954.2FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)2.525.7Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year23.323.3Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.122.9Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP1.812.7Financialecosystem79341.9Technologyecosystem81.081.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.354.5Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)29.918.3TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade0.00.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.050.7Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex2.932.0Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita10.0Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.0.00.3Talentecosystem3.523.5InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)34.352.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)30.0Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.12.812.8Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.16.016.0Talentecosystem0.36.7Healthworkersper10,000pop.56971.5Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)26920.7Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)35.8Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.32.2Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem13.573.0Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-2.26.0Bankconcentration%totalassets2.932.3Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.1.812.9Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.439.2Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban2.016.4Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.59.0FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%42.5Institutionalecosystem0.97.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)16.630.4TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.049.6Governmentadaptation1-7(best)59.840.20-100(best)75.166.9Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)33.166.9Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)45.854.2Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)47,633100.0ICTcost%GNIpercapita65.453.9Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)24.575.5Institutionalecosystem22.977.1Civilrights0-60(high)8.782.737.8Politicalparticipation0-1(best)8.416.83.3Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)3.236.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)2.422.91111.053.047.084.518.3n.a.n.a.61.648.82.321.2n.a.n.a.12.721.299.999.927.127.138.961.24.28.52.525.49.64.04.64.60.615.0-1.519.52.321.8n.a.n.a.1414.04.050.2n.a.n.a.-2.34.11423.32069.00.546.70.545.4LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage3.948.00.818.8Economy11,6695-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change3.8%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/211,6696.2%VietNam5.8%7.4%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP00%0%200020232000202320232000Pillar100Score0Innovativeness44.4Inclusiveness56.2Sustainability56.9Resilience56.9Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators99.5mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth65.3Wealthinequality,top10%share59.7%99.5m8060.6%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202135.3%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.24%Greenbonds,%GDP0.2%47.5%0.8%0.2%0%0%0%202220002022200020212000Production-basedCO₂emissions5326MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions204MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce7341Mt211Mt200020210t20200t0200020002023VietNam2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)44.4Sustainability0-100(best)56.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.862.9Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.354.5Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.963.8Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)4.253.0Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.965.0ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.99.899.9Annualgreenhousegasemissions67.667.6ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)291.3Renewableenergyconsumption%total5.861.4FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)4.964.6Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year19.119.1Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year0.750.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP4.355.1Financialecosystem85037.6Technologyecosystem46.046.0Investmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.184.7Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)116.771.6TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDPEnvironmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade3.1100.0Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal4.558.9Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.761.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapita30.1Knowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.1.37.1Talentecosystem7.046.6InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)38.358.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)300.2Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.68.568.5Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.83.983.9Talentecosystem0.48.3Healthworkersper10,000pop.62069.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)29923.0Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)56.9Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)1.711.5Waterresourcesm³percapita/yearInequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom500.53.8Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemFinancialecosystem13.373.4Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.-0.442.0Bankconcentration%totalassets4.151.4Healthydietunaffordability%pop.4.965.5Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.4.761.2Banksystemdefaultriskz-score4.660.4Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban56.2Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)0.61.2FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%Institutionalecosystem2.620.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)8.315.2TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations4.354.8Governmentadaptation1-7(best)16.283.80-100(best)68.157.5Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)26.873.2Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)61.238.8Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)9,16383.3ICTcost%GNIpercapita88.184.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)14.485.6Institutionalecosystem15.369.511.788.3Civilrights0-60(high)13.927.8Politicalparticipation0-1(best)4.559.1Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)4.761.7Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.558.74545.012.088.037.973.121.079.074.265.65.167.957.849.614.724.4100.0100.094.694.635.364.74.79.35.066.08.020.02.255.07.47.4-0.147.75.066.639.639.64242.04.354.4-0.147.12.983.32379.31525.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.552.90.462.54.151.72.562.5Economy1,6775-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-3.6%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/24,30012.1%Yemen-5.4%6.1%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%200020230-12.1%20002023-6.1%Pillar20002023100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness18.0Sustainability22.1Resilience41.927.6Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators33.3mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth57.5Wealthinequality,top10%share63.1%33.3m8063.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202166%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP1.16%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.94.6%1.16%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions12MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissionsn.a.BEPSimplementation,0-7inforce027Mt7Datanotavailable20000t2000020212023Yemen2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)18.0Sustainability0-100(best)41.9TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)3.134.4Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)2.931.3Educationattainment0-4.5(best)1.841.0Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)2.626.5Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)3.744.3ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.Annualgreenhousegasemissions76.076.0ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)0.00.0Renewableenergyconsumption%total1.093.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)00.0Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/yearDigitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/yearDomesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP2.829.2Financialecosystem3.53.5TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDPBusinesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)Technologyecosystem0.934.5Stateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP2.524.9Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltrade12292.3Mediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotal9.09.0Energyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.275.6Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex5.63.5Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem0.02.8InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)3.033.8Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)3.032.8Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.00.0Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem2.413.5Healthworkersper10,000pop.3.221.0Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)ResourcesecosystemUniversalhealthcoverage0-100(best)2.13.2Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)00.0Waterresourcesm³percapita/year7.97.9Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom50n.a.n.a.Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporter22.722.7Socialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem1108.5Financialecosystem2498.8Accesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.3.724.8Bankconcentration%totalassets27.6Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.0.10.7Banksystemdefaultriskz-scoreAccesstosafedrinking-water%pop.TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urbanCybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.690.8FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%-2.09.8Institutionalecosystem3.034.0Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.2.728.6Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)2.931.7TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations2.117.8Governmentadaptation1-7(best)1.63.20-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)22.1Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)0.75.7ICTcost%GNIpercapitaEnvironmentaltreaties0-29(best)Institutionalecosystem2.95.4Civilrights0-60(high)Politicalparticipation0-1(best)3.033.7Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)42.523.343.656.4Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)97.22.874.625.49.20.0680.646.17.714.285.89.318.720.579.53.032.62.017.22.525.4n.a.n.a.44.056.0100.00.0n.a.n.a.2.322.226.72.317.729.5n.a.n.a.68.168.10.00.055.844.24.08.02.626.19.82.00.50.50.38.3-2.60.02.524.4n.a.n.a.1616.02.830.210.838.6-1.814.01965.5813.30.222.20.95.12.525.01.025.0LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverageEconomy2,2465-yearper-capitaGDPgrowth,%change-1.3%5-yearaverageGDPgrowth,%change1/22,8429.3%Zimbabwe1.8%7.1%FutureofGrowthprofileGDPpercapita,constant2017PPP0%0%2000202302023-9.3%20002023-7.1%Pillar2000100InnovativenessScore0Inclusiveness29.7Sustainability35.2Resilience56.235.0Score,worldaverageContextualIndicators15.8mHealthylifeexpectancy,yearsatbirth53.1Wealthinequality,top10%share70.2%15.8m8076.1%Totalpopulation,million200020220201900%Governmentdebt,%GDP20002000202198.4%Climatedevelopmentfinance,%GDP0.28%Greenbonds,%GDPn.a.98.4%0.49%Datanotavailable0%0%2021200020222000Production-basedCO₂emissions11MtConsumption-basedCO₂emissions12MtBEPSimplementation,0-7inforce014Mt14Mt7200020210t20200t0200020002023Zimbabwe2/2IndicatorValueScoreIndicatorValueScoreInnovativeness0-100(best)29.7Sustainability0-100(best)56.2TalentecosystemTalentecosystemAvailabilityoftalent1-7(best)4.152.2Talentforgreenandenergytransition1-7(best)4.254.1Educationattainment0-4.5(best)2.760.3Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature1-7(best)3.235.9Digitalandtechnologytalent1-7(best)4.761.2ResourcesecosystemResourcesecosystemBiodiversityintactness0-100(mostintact)Mobilenetworkcoverage%pop.40.140.1Annualgreenhousegasemissions84.984.9ICTcapitalUSDpercapitatonsCO₂equiv.percap.Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices1-7(best)321.4Renewableenergyconsumption%total2.583.6FinancialecosystemAgriculturalenvironmentaldamage0-1.4(worst)Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability1-7(best)3.541.1Totalwaterwithdrawalm³percapita/year84.484.4Digitalpayments%adultpop.Totalwastetonspercapita/year1.023.6Domesticcredittoprivatesector%GDP2.727.9Financialecosystem25882.1TechnologyecosystemInvestmentinrenewableenergy%GDP0.183.9Businesscultureandcompetition1-7(best)58.058.0TechnologyecosystemStateofclusterdevelopment1-7(best)GreenpatentstotalExportsofadvancedservices%GDP6.44.0Environmentaltechnologytrade%totaltradeMediumandhightech%manufacturingv.a.InstitutionalecosystemPatentapplicationstotalEnergyefficiencyregulation0-100(best)0.445.9Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure%GDPRenewableenergyregulation0-100(best)Scientificpublicationshindex4.253.1Fossil-fuelsubsidiesUSDpercapitaKnowledge-intensiveemployment%Resilience0-100(best)Trademarksapplicationsper1,000pop.3.744.5Talentecosystem00.0InstitutionalecosystemOld-agedependencyratio64+to15-64Regulatoryquality-2.5/+2.5(best)0.42.3Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour1-7(best)4.630.6Humancapitalinpublicsector1-7(best)Investmentinreskilling1-7(best)Policyvisionandstability1-7(best)9.614.6Participationinmid-careertraining%25-54pop.Inclusiveness0-100(best)Hospitalbedsper1,000pop.Talentecosystem10.0Healthworkersper10,000pop.27.027.1Inclusioninworkforce1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem53.153.1Universalhealthcoverage0-100(best)n.a.n.a.Exportproductconcentration0-100(highconc.)Lackofsocialprotection%popEnergysourcediversification0-100(highconc.)4198.0Genderparityinlabourforce0-100(best)17713.6Waterresourcesm³percapita/year35.0Inequalityineducation0-100(highlyunequal)Foodsupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterIncomedistribution%sharebottom501.49.6Commoditysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterSocialmobility1-7(best)Infrastructurequality1-7(best)Resourcesecosystem0.10.5FinancialecosystemAccesstotransportandhousing1-7(best)Countrycreditrating0-100(best)Householdfinancialsecurity%adultpop.Bankconcentration%totalassets5.988.2Healthydietunaffordability%pop.Financialsystemresilience1-7(best)Individualsusingtheinternet%pop.-1.422.6Banksystemdefaultriskz-score3.542.1Accesstosafedrinking-water%pop.3.847.4TechnologyecosystemRuralelectricitygap%urban3.440.2Cybersecurityindex0-100(best)4.456.3FinancialecosystemTechnologysupplyconcentration%sharetopimporterWealthinequality%ownedbybottom50%35.2Institutionalecosystem1.42.8Accesstofinancialservices1-7(best)Statelegitimacy0-10(worst)Accesstobankaccountsandsaving%adultpop.Socialpolarization0-4(nopolariz.)1.713.6TechnologyecosystemPoliticalstability-2.5/+2.5(best)Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupationsGovernmentadaptation1-7(best)1.93.50-100(best)Corruptionperceptionsindex0-100(best)Inclusioninpositionofleadership1-7(best)4.150.9Ruleoflaw-2.5/+2.5(best)42.657.4ICTcost%GNIpercapita55.040.1Environmentaltreaties0-29(best)52.048.0Institutionalecosystem83.716.31,34212.2Civilrights0-60(high)83.878.449.850.2Politicalparticipation0-1(best)14.670.854.845.2Inclusioninpublicspace0-1(worst)Equalopportunityinpublicsector1-7(best)9.218.53.440.0Budgetpluralism0-4(mostpluralistic)4.456.03.134.4n.a.n.a.66.034.081.821.467.832.234.813.13.337.826.512.28.113.537.137.136.536.534.865.22.24.43.236.88.911.02.32.40.25.0-1.029.53.643.5n.a.n.a.2323.04.151.1-1.324.835.40.02069.01728.3LegendScore,economyScore,worldaverage0.656.70.643.73.846.51.946.4AppendixAMethodologyA1.FrameworkdesigncriteriaSecond,thedataqualityoftheindicatorsisassessed.DataistakenfromthemostrecentyearThefutureofgrowthisoneofmanyalternativeavailableunlessinputlagssuggestotherwise,orthemodelsandpathways.Thisprecludestheuseofmostrecentdatawastooold.Foreachindicator,asingleindextomeasurecountryperformancethemostreputablesourceswerechosen.Inmanyandinsteadcallsforacomprehensiveassessmentcases,dataistakendirectlyfromotherinternationalframework.Ourmainmotivationformovingtowardsorganizations.SurveydataisalmostexclusivelymultidimensionalbenchmarkingistoensurethattakenfromtheWorldEconomicForum’sExecutivethediversityofgrowthmodelsanddevelopmentOpinionSurvey(EOS).Manyindicatorswerepathwaysisbroughttotheforeandtoderivemorediscardedbecausethequalityofthedatadidnotspecificandtargetedpolicyimplications.sufficeorbecauserecentdatawasnotavailable.FrameworkresultsmustbeeasytounderstandforTheFutureofGrowthFrameworkaimstoprovideaageneralaudienceandusablebypolicy-makersglobaloverview.Assuch,indicatorsmustcoverthewithoutadditionaltransformationorinterpretation.greatestnumberofcountries,includingdevelopingThisrequiresthechosenmethodstobesimpleandeconomies.ThiscriterionremovesalargenumberstraightforwardandprecludestheuseofmethodsofindicatorswhichareonlyavailableforOECDorthatrequireadvancedstatisticalknowledgeforG20economies.understandingtop-levelresults.Consequently,thisframeworkfavorssimpleaverages,doesnotapplyCountries/economiesareincludedinthereportiftransformationstothedataasidefromrange-basedthefollowingtwoconditionsaremet:1)asufficientnormalizationandstatesclearlywhichanalyticalnumberofresponsestotheForum’sExecutivechoicesweretakenandwhy.OpinionSurveyforthecurrentyeariscollectedrespectingthedataqualitystandardssetbytheA2.IndicatorselectionForum;and2)atleast80%of“hard”dataindicatorsareavailableforthecountry/economyinthecitedTheFutureofGrowthFrameworkmeasureshigh-source’sdatabase.Nodatacollecteddirectlylevelconceptswithharddataindicatorsandwiththroughnationalstatisticalofficesisaccepted.surveydatawhereharddataisnotavailable.ThetranslationofconceptsintoindicatorsfollowsasetThecombinationofthesecriteriasignificantlyofselectioncriteriathatallchosenindicatorsmustcomplicatestheindicatorselectionprocessandsatisfy.Overall,over400indicatorswereevaluated.forcessomecompromises.Forexample,anOutofthese,84indicatorswereincludedinthefinalindicatorwithatightconceptualfitmayonlybeselection(seeTableB1inAppendixB).Insomeavailableforalimitedsampleofcountrieswhilecases,WorldEconomicForumExecutiveOpinionanotherwithalooserfitmaycomewithgreaterSurveyindicatorswerecombinedintocompositescoverage.Likewise,narrowlydefinedindicatorsmaytofacilitatetheinvestigationofmultifacetedbemeasuredwithhigheraccuracythanbroaderconcepts.proxies,whichmaybeavailableformorecountries.Indicatorswerefirstpre-selectedaccordingtoA3.Normalizationhowtheyfitwiththerespectiveconcept.SomeconceptsarehardertoquantifythanothersandthisAnymultidimensionalindicatorframeworkmustisreflectedintheavailabilityofharddata.Insomeovercomethechallengeofcomparingindicatorscases,itisonlypossibletoquantifyaconceptwhichareindifferentscalesandunits.Multiplewithsignificanteffort,resultinginreducedglobalapproachesexist,withZ-scorestandardizationcoverageofanindicator.Whereverothercriteriadidasthemostcommon.However,withaveragesnotpreventit,indicatorswerechosenaccordingtoconvergingtozerostandardizingallindicatorstheclosestconceptualfit.thiswaywouldnotallowfortheinterpretationofpillaraveragesandpreventanyassessmentofthestateoftheworld.ThenextbestalternativeistoTheFutureofGrowthReport2024251normalizeindicatorsbasedonpredefinedranges,population),thenormalizationwindowwaschosenallowingforcross-indicatorcomparisonsandforthemanually.Wheneverthenormalizationwindowisconstructionofcompositescores.narrowerthantherangeofthedata,thiswasdonetoreducetheimpactofoutliersonthenormalizedToallowtheaggregationofindicatorsofdifferentscores.Wheneverthewindowiswiderthanthenatureandmagnitude,eachindicatorthatbecomesrangeofthedatathiswasdonetoensurethatpartoftheframeworkisconvertedintoaunit-lessnormalizedscoresreflectglobalshortcomings.score,rangingfrom0to100usingamin-maxtransformation.TheindividualnormalizationchoicesarereportedintableB5inAppendixB.AllchoicesweremadeFormally,eachindicatorisre-scaledaccordingtotoensurethatthefinalscorescanbeinterpretedthefollowingformula:withaglobalperspective.Asaresult,aglobalpillarscoreof50outof100canbetakentomeanthattheworldhasonlymadeithalfwaytowardsanoptimalstate.WherescoreisthenumberassignedtoindicatorA4.Aggregationicountrycafternormalization,valuei,cisthe“raw”valueofcountrycforindicatori,floori,cistheAfternormalization,pillarscoresarecalculatedlowestacceptablevalueforindicatoriandfrontieri,cassimpleaveragesofallnon-missingindicatorcorrespondstothehighestpossibleoutcome.valueswithinapillar.AveragesarecalculatedDependingontheindicator,thefrontiermaybeabasedonavailabledataandcanthusbesubjecttopolicytargetoraspiration,themaximumpossiblefluctuatingnumbersofcomponents.Thisresultsinvalue,oranumberwasderivedfromstatisticalareallocationofimplicitweightsandencouragesanalysisofthedistribution(e.g.90thor95ththecollectionofadditionaldatawithminimalimpactpercentile).Ifavalueisbelowthefloorvalue,itsonpillarlevelresults.scoreis0;ifavalueisabovethefrontiervalue,itsscoreiscappedat100.InthecaseofindicatorsRegionalandincome-groupaveragesarecalculatedwhereahighervaluecorrespondstoa“bad”basedonthegroupaffiliationslistedintableB2inoutcome(e.g.debt),thenormalizedscorebecomesAppendixB.Inthecaseofcontextualvariables,100minustheexpressionabove,so100alwaysaggregatesofratioshavebeenrecalculatedtocorrespondstotheidealoutcome.TableB5inmatchtheirrespectivenewunitsofobservation.AppendixBprovidesthechosenfloorandfrontiervaluesusedforthenormalizationofeachindividualA5.Clusteringindicator.ThegrowthpathwayarchetypeidentificationinThenormalizationprocessdeterminesthesection2.3isbasedonhierarchicalclusteringusinginterpretationoftheresultsandisakeycomponentWard’smethod.Themethodminimizesthetotaloftheanalysis.Normalizationisdoneindifferentwithin-clustervarianceandallowsforthecreationwaysdependingonthetypeoftheindicator.ofadendogram(“treechart”)visualizationthatcanhelppolicy-makersfindcustombenchmarksinIndicatorswithalimitedrangethedataset.AswitheveryclusteringmethodtheresultsarereflectiveofseveralimportantstructuralWheneveranindicatorhasanaturallimit,thischoices.First,thedataisclusteredatthepillarrangewastakenasthenormalizationwindow.Forlevel,andforeachcountryincludesthefourpillarexample,forallEOSindicators(whicharebasedonaveragesaswellasthe5-yearGDPgrowthrate.a1-7Likertscale)theminimumof1wassetto0Sincethepillarsarethemselvesaggregatesofwhilethemaximumof7wassetto100.Similarly,multipleindicators,differentwithin-pillarindicatorindicatorswithawell-definedminimumandprofilescandeviatefromthepatternsidentifiedatmaximum(suchastheshareofpeoplewithaccesstheclusterlevel.Second,themaximumnumberoftotheinternetorindiceswithsetranges)wereclustersislimitedto12.Wesettlefor12clusterstotransformedwithoutadjustment.Thisisthecaseforachieveabalancebetweenclustersize,clusterfit53outof84indicators(63%).andstructuralhomogeneity.IndicatorswithanopenrangeWheneveranindicatorisnotboundtoacertainrange(forexampleindicatorsdividedbyTheFutureofGrowthReport2024252FIGUREA1CountrygrowtharchetypeclustersAllcountriesclusteredAngolaYemenVenezuela,BolivarianRepublicofArgentinaBoliviaEcuadorAlgeriaMexicoJamaicaKyrgyzstanPeruParaguaySriLankaTunisiaSouthAfricaCameroonPakistanMalawiLaoPeople'sDemocraticRepublicofNepalSenegalCongo,DemocraticRepublicoftheSierraLeoneLesothoMaliNigeriaZimbabweChadUnitedArabEmiratesQatarSaudiArabiaMauritiusThailandOmanCyprusMaltaMalaysiaSloveniaUruguayBahrainKuwaitKazakhstanMongoliaArmeniaBulgariaSerbiaGeorgiaIrelandChileUkraineSpainItalyLithuaniaPortugalCostaRicaGreeceLatviaHungaryPolandRomaniaVietnamBeninIndiaRwandaCôted'IvoireTanzaniaKenyaBrasilJordanGhanaPhilippinesMaroccoBangladeshBosniaandHerzegovinaTürkiyeEgyptBotswanaColombiaNorthMacedoniaDominicanRepublicIndonesiaPanamaGuatemalaElSalvadorHondurasIranAustraliaBelgiumEstoniaCanadaCzechiaIcelandSingaporeUnitedStatesofAmericaLuxemburgNewZealandAustriaFranceJapanGermanyUnitedKingdomSwitzerlandNetherlandsDenmarkKorea,RepublicofFinlandSwedenSourceNoteWorldEconomicForum,FutureofGrowthReport2024;Hierarchicalclusteringbasedonpillarscoresand5-yearaverageGDPpercapitagrowthrateGDPdatabasedonIMFWorldEconomicOutlook,usingWard’smethod.October2023.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024253AppendixBIndicatordetailsTABLEB1FrameworkoverviewDriverA1.1InnovativenessB1.1InclusivenessC1.1SustainabilityD1.1ResilienceTalentA1.2Educationquantity,B1.2D1.2ecosystemA1.30-4.5(best)B1.3Incomedistribution,%TalentforgreenandD1.3Old-agedependency,Availabilityoftalent,B1.4share,bottom50energytransition,1-7ratio,64+to15-64ResourcesA2.11-7(best)B1.5(best)ecosystemA2.2DigitalandtechnologyB1.6Inclusioninworkforce,C1.2FillvacanciesbyhiringA2.3talent,1-7(best)B1.71-7(best)Buyersophisticationforeignlabour,1-7FinancialB2.1onenvironmentand(best)ecosystemA3.1MobilenetworkB2.2nature,1-7(best)A3.2coverage,%pop.B2.3InvestmentinTechnologyA3.3ICTcapital,USDperB2.4Socialmobility,1-7D1.4reskilling,1-7(best)ecosystemA4.1personB2.5(best)InnovativeprovisionB2.6Participationinmid-ofbasicgoodsandB3.1Universalhealthcareertraining,%services,1-7(best)B3.2coverage,0-100(best)25-54pop.B3.3SME,long-termLackofsocialD1.5Hospitalbeds,perandventurefinanceB4.1protection,%pop.D1.61,000pop.availability,1-7(best)DomesticcredittoGenderparityinlabourC2.1Biodiversityintactness,D2.1Healthworkers,perprivatesector,%GDPforce,0-1(best)C2.20-1(mostintact)10,000pop.Digitalpayments,%adultpop.Inequalityineducation,AnnualgreenhouseD2.2Exportproduct0-100(highlyunequal)gasemissionsinCO2D2.3concentration,indexBusinesscultureandequivalents,percapitacompetition,1-7(best)AccesstotransportEnergysourceandhousing,1-7Renewableenergydiversification,0-1(best)consumption,%total(low)HouseholdfinancialWaterresources,security,%adultpop.cubicmtpercapitaperyearHealthydietC2.3unaffordability,%pop.Foodsupplyconcentration,%AccesstosafeC2.4AgriculturalD2.4sharetopimporterdrinkingwater,%pop.environmentalD2.5damage,0-1(worst)CommoditysupplyIndividualsusingtheC2.5concentration,%internet,%pop.Totalwaterwithdrawal,sharetopimporterm3percapita/yearInfrastructurequality,Ruralelectricitygap,C2.6Totalwaste,tonsperD2.61-7(best)%urbanC3.1capitaperyearD3.1D3.2BanksystemdefaultWealthinequality,Investmentinrisk,z-scorebottom50%sharerenewableenergy,%GDPFinancialsystemresilience,1-7(best)AccesstofinancialD3.3services,1-7(best)Bankconcentration,%totalassetsAccesstobankaccountsandsaving,Countrycreditrating,%adultpop.0-100(best)ICTcost,%ofGNIperC4.1Greenpatents,totalD3.4Cybersecurityindex,capitaD4.10-100(best)TheFutureofGrowthReport2024254TABLEB1FrameworkoverviewDriverA4.2InnovativenessB4.2InclusivenessC4.2SustainabilityD4.2ResilienceGenderparityinEnvironmentalTechnologysupplyInstitutionalA4.3Patentapplications,knowledge-intensiveC5.1technologytrade,%D5.1concentration,%ecosystemA4.4totaloccupations,0-100C5.2totaltradeD5.2sharetopimporterA4.5(best)C5.3D5.3A4.6TrademarksB4.3InclusioninpositionofC5.4EnergyefficiencyD5.4Statelegitimacy,0-10A4.7applications,per1,000B5.1leadership,1-7(best)regulation,0-100D5.5(worst)A4.8pop.(best)D5.6Socialpolarization,0-4A4.9Civilrights,0-60(high)Renewableenergy(nopolarization)A5.1Exportsofadvancedregulation,0-100Politicalstability,services,%GDP(best)-2.5/+2.5(best)Environmentaltreaties,GovernmentResearchand0-29(best)adaptation,1-7(best)developmentFossil-fuelsubsidies,Corruptionexpenditure,%ofGDPpercapitaperceptionsindex,0-100(veryclean)Scientificpublications,Ruleoflaw,-2.5/+2.5hindex(best)Mediumandhightech,%manufacturingv.a.Knowledge-intensiveemployment,%totalemploymentStateofclusterdevelopment,1-7(best)Regulatoryquality,-2.5/+2.5(best)A5.2HumancapitalinB5.2Politicalparticipation,A5.3publicsector,1-70-1(high)(best)B5.3InclusioninpublicPolicyvisionandB5.4spaces,0-1(best)stability,1-7(best)B5.5Equalopportunityinpublicsector,1-7(best)Budgetpluralism,0-4(mostpluralistic)TheFutureofGrowthReport2024255TABLEB2CountrygroupsCountryRegionIncomegroupArchetypeClusterAlgeriaMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaLowermiddleincomeGG2AngolaSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeOutliersOutliersArgentinaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG2ArmeniaCentralAsiaUppermiddleincomeDD2AustraliaOceaniaHighincomeBBAustriaEuropeHighincomeAABahrainMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaHighincomeEEBangladeshSouthernAsiaLowermiddleincomeGG1BelgiumEuropeHighincomeBBBeninSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF1Bolivia(PlurinationalStateof)LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanLowermiddleincomeGG2BosniaandHerzegovinaEuropeUppermiddleincomeGG1BotswanaSub-SaharanAfricaUppermiddleincomeGG1BrazilLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeFF1BulgariaEuropeUppermiddleincomeDD2CameroonSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF2CanadaNorthernAmericaHighincomeBBChadSub-SaharanAfricaLowincomeFF3ChileLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanHighincomeCCColombiaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG1CostaRicaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeCCCyprusEuropeHighincomeDD1CzechiaEuropeHighincomeBBCôteD'IvoireSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF1DemocraticRepublicoftheCongoSub-SaharanAfricaLowincomeFF2DenmarkEuropeHighincomeAADominicanRepublicLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG1EcuadorLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG2EgyptMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaLowermiddleincomeGG1ElSalvadorLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG1EstoniaEuropeHighincomeBBFinlandEuropeHighincomeAAFranceEuropeHighincomeAAGeorgiaCentralAsiaUppermiddleincomeDD2GermanyEuropeHighincomeAAGhanaSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF1GreeceEuropeHighincomeCCTheFutureofGrowthReport2024256TABLEB2CountrygroupsCountryRegionIncomegroupArchetypeClusterGuatemalaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG1HondurasLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanLowermiddleincomeGG1HungaryEuropeHighincomeCCIcelandEuropeHighincomeBBIndiaSouthernAsiaLowermiddleincomeFF1IndonesiaSouth-easternAsiaUppermiddleincomeGG1Iran(IslamicRepublicof)MiddleEastandNorthernAfricaLowermiddleincomeGG1IrelandEuropeHighincomeDD2ItalyEuropeHighincomeCCJamaicaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG2JapanEasternAsiaHighincomeAAJordanMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF1KazakhstanCentralAsiaUppermiddleincomeEEKenyaSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF1Korea,RepublicofEasternAsiaHighincomeAAKuwaitMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaHighincomeEEKyrgyzstanCentralAsiaLowermiddleincomeGG2LaoPDRSouth-easternAsiaLowermiddleincomeFF2LatviaEuropeHighincomeCCLesothoSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF3LithuaniaEuropeHighincomeCCLuxembourgEuropeHighincomeBBMalawiSub-SaharanAfricaLowincomeFF2MalaysiaSouth-easternAsiaUppermiddleincomeDD1MaliSub-SaharanAfricaLowincomeFF3MaltaEuropeHighincomeDD1MauritiusSub-SaharanAfricaUppermiddleincomeDD1MexicoLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG2MongoliaEasternAsiaLowermiddleincomeEEMoroccoMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF1NepalSouthernAsiaLowermiddleincomeFF2NetherlandsEuropeHighincomeAANewZealandOceaniaHighincomeBBNigeriaSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF3NorthMacedoniaEuropeUppermiddleincomeGG1OmanMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaHighincomeDD1PakistanSouthernAsiaLowermiddleincomeFF2TheFutureofGrowthReport2024257TABLEB2CountrygroupsCountryRegionIncomegroupArchetypeClusterPanamaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanHighincomeGG1ParaguayLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG2PeruLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanUppermiddleincomeGG2PhilippinesSouth-easternAsiaLowermiddleincomeFF1PolandEuropeHighincomeCCPortugalEuropeHighincomeCCQatarMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaHighincomeDD1RomaniaEuropeHighincomeCCRwandaSub-SaharanAfricaLowincomeFF1SaudiArabiaMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaHighincomeDD1SenegalSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF2SerbiaEuropeUppermiddleincomeDD2SierraLeoneSub-SaharanAfricaLowincomeFF2SingaporeSouth-easternAsiaHighincomeBBSloveniaEuropeHighincomeDD1SouthAfricaSub-SaharanAfricaUppermiddleincomeGG2SpainEuropeHighincomeCCSriLankaSouthernAsiaLowermiddleincomeGG2SwedenEuropeHighincomeAASwitzerlandEuropeHighincomeAAThailandSouth-easternAsiaUppermiddleincomeDD1TunisiaMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaLowermiddleincomeGG2TürkiyeEuropeUppermiddleincomeGG1UkraineEuropeLowermiddleincomeCCUnitedArabEmiratesMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaHighincomeDD1UnitedKingdomEuropeHighincomeAAUnitedRepublicofTanzaniaSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF1UnitedStatesofAmericaNorthernAmericaHighincomeBBUruguayLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanHighincomeDD1Venezuela,BolivarianRepublicofLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanNoclassificationOutliersOutliersVietNamSouth-easternAsiaLowermiddleincomeCCYemenMiddleEastandNorthernAfricaLowincomeOutliersOutliersZimbabweSub-SaharanAfricaLowermiddleincomeFF3TheFutureofGrowthReport2024258TABLEB3IndicatorselectionIdIndicatorPillarDriverConceptRationaleA1.1Availabilityoftalent,1-7(best)InnovativenessTalentecosystemProxymeasureoftheThequalityandappropriatenessofskillsA1.2Educationattainment,0-4.5Innovativenessqualityofhumancapitalcontributestoefficientexecutionofcomplex(best)Talentavailableinaneconomytasks,operatingsophisticatedmachinesandecosysteminnovation.ItiscomplementarytothequantityA1.3Digitalandtechnologytalent,InnovativenessMeasureoftheamountofeducationandskills1-7(best)TalentofhumancapitalecosystemembeddedinthecurrentTheamountofadequatelyeducatedandA2.1Mobilenetworkcoverage,%Innovativenessworkforceskilledworkersisanessentialinputofpop.InnovativenessResourcescountries'economicsystemsasitcontributesecosystemProxymeasurefortoefficientexecutionofcomplextasks,A2.2ICTcapital,USDpercapitaongoingavailabilityofoperatingsophisticatedmachinesandResourcesrelevanttalentintheinnovationA2.3InnovativeprovisionofbasicInnovativenessecosystemtechnologyanddigitalgoodsandservices:1-7(best)InnovativenesssectorsThepotentiallackofdigitalandtechnologyResourcesworkersreducesthecapacitytosustainA3.1Longterm,ventureandSMEecosystemProxymeasureofanddevelopknowledgeandtechnologyfinanceavailability,1-7(best)ICT'sinfrastructureecosystemsFinancialdevelopmentA3.2Digitalpayments,%adultpop.InnovativenessecosystemICTinfrastructureenablesawiderangeofProxymeasureofeconomicactivitiesandfacilitateinformationA3.3DomesticcredittoprivateInnovativenessFinancialadoptionofdigitalexchangesandinnovationdiffusionsector,%GDPecosystemtechnologiesinaneconomyICTcapitalstockcontributestotheprosperityA4.1BusinesscultureandInnovativenessFinancialofaneconomybyenablingtheuseofcompetition,1-7(best)ecosystemProxymeasureofdigitaltechnologieswhichinturnbooststheefficientsupplyofbasicefficiencyoftransaction,informationexchangeA4.2Stateofclusterdevelopment,InnovativenessTechnologygoodsandservicesandservicesprovision1-7(best)ecosystemMeasureofpiecesInnovativeeconomiessupplyfood,electricity,A4.3Exportsofadvancedservices,InnovativenessTechnology(SME-dedicatedcredit,healthcareinefficientwaymakinguseoflatest%GDPInnovativenessecosystemlong-termfinancing,andtechnologiesventurecapital)oftheA4.4Mediumandhightech,%TechnologyfinancialecosystemofSMEfinanceandventurecapital,asmanufacturingv.a.ecosystemaneconomycomponentsofnationalfinancialcapital,contributestoprosperitybyallocatingfinancialA4.5ResearchanddevelopmentInnovativenessTechnologyProxymeasureofoneresourcestotheirmostefficientprojects/expenditure,%ofGDPInnovativenessecosystemofthepieces(fintech)ofcompaniesthefinancialecosystemA4.6Scientificpublications,hindexTechnologyofaneconomyDigitalizationoffinancialservicescontributesecosystemtoprosperitybyincreasingtheefficiencyofMeasureofoneofthetransactionsTechnologypieces(creditmarket)ofecosystemthefinancialecosystemBanks'credit,asacomponentofnationalofaneconomyfinancialcapital,contributestoprosperitybyallocatingfinancialresourcestotheirmostProxymeasureforefficientprojects/companiesprivatesector'sentrepreneurialculturalEntrepreneurshipandcompetitioncontributeandoperationalcontexttoaneconomy'sprosperitybystimulatinginnovationincompanies'activities,Proxymeasureorganization,andstrategiesofagglomerationeconomiesInnovationtendstodevelopinlocationswhereacompletesetofgoodsandservicesProxymeasureofisprovidedincomplex,physicallyclose,advancedservicesnetworkscapabilitiesInnovativeeconomiesspecializeinProxyfortheleveloftechnologicallyadvancedandskills-intensiveadoptionofadvancedservicestechnologiesinaneconomyTheadoptionofadvancedtechnologies(evenifdevelopedabroad)increasestheproductivityMeasureofcontinuousofaneconomyinvestmentinknowledgeandtechnology.ConstantexpansionofR&Dcapacitylimitsdisruptionsand/orweakeningofknowledgeProxymeasureofandtechnologysupplyknowledgeproductionKnowledgeexpansioncontributestoaneconomy'sprosperitybymakingnewtechnologiesavailabletoalleconomicactivitiesTheFutureofGrowthReport2024259TABLEB3IndicatorselectionIdIndicatorPillarDriverConceptRationaleA4.7InnovativenessTechnologyKnowledge-intensiveecosystemProxymeasureofskills-InnovativeeconomiestendtospecializeinA4.8employment,%totalInnovativenessintensityofeconomicknowledge-intensiveeconomicactivitieswhichemploymentTechnologyactivitiesrequirehighlyskilledworkersecosystemPatentapplications,totalProxyforthestockIntellectualpropertyisanoutcomeofresearchTechnologyofintangiblecapital,activitiesthatgeneratetechnologies.A4.9Trademarksapplications,perInnovativenessecosystemknowledge,and1,000pop.intellectualpropertyIntellectualpropertyisanoutcomeofresearchInstitutionalavailableinaneconomyactivitiesthatgeneratetechnologiesA5.1Regulatoryquality,-2.5/+2.5Innovativenessecosystem(best)ProxyforthestockRegulatoryquality(e.g.intermsofcomplyingInstitutionalofintangiblecapital,withtax-laws,regulation,tariffs,etc.)facilitateA5.2Humancapitalinpublicsector,Innovativenessecosystemknowledge,andinvestmentsandprivatesectordevelopment1-7(best)intellectualpropertyInstitutionalavailableinaneconomyHighlycompetentandskilledpublicofficialsA5.3Policyvisionandstability,1-7Innovativenessecosystemcontributetoprosperitybyofferinghigh-quality(best)ProxymeasureforanpublicservicesandeffectiveimplementationTalenteconomy'spublicsectorofpoliciesB1.1Inclusioninworkforce,1-7(best)InclusivenessecosystemcapacitytoregulateadequatelywiththePolicystabilityandlong-termvision/planningB1.2Universalhealthcoverage,0-100InclusivenessTalentminimumpossibleaffectproductivitybyreducinguncertainty(best)ecosystemburdenontheprivateaboutthefutureandconsequentlyexpandingsectorthetimehorizonofsociety'spreferencesB1.3Lackofsocialprotection,%popInclusivenessTalentecosystemProxymeasurefortheAbsenceofdiscriminationinemploymentB1.4Genderparityinlabourforce,Inclusivenesspublicsectors'officials'becauseofgender,ethnicity,disability,0-100(best)InclusivenessTalentskillsandcompetenceseconomicbackgroundorsexualorientationisInclusivenessecosystemapre-conditionforinclusivehumancapitalB1.5Inequalityineducation,0-100Proxymeasureof(highlyunequal)TalentstabilityofpolicymakingEqualhealthcareaccesscontributestoecosysteminclusivehumancapitalbymakingsurethatallB1.6Incomedistribution,%shareProxymeasureforequalworkerscanattainsimilarhealthconditionsbottom50TalentaccesstoemploymentecosystemopportunitiesacrossallSafetynetscontributetoinclusivehumanB1.7Socialmobility,1-7(best)InclusivenesssocialgroupscapitalbyprotectingworkersagainsttheriskTalentofunemploymentandhelpingthemtofindB2.1Accesstotransportandhousing,InclusivenessecosystemProxymeasureforequalnewoccupations1-7(best)accesstohealthcareResourcesforallEqualaccesstoemploymentopportunitiesB2.2Householdfinancialsecurity,%Inclusivenessecosystemacrossgendersensuresmenandwomenareadultpop.ProxymeasureforequalequallytreadedinthelabourmarketResourcesaccesstosafetynetsecosystemforallEqualaccesstoeducationcontributestoinclusivehumancapitalbyallowingallpeopleMeasureofgendertoparticipateinemploymentopportunitiesgapsinemploymentopportunitiesEquitableincomeandwagedistributionisanessentialcomponentofinclusivehumanProxymeasureofequalcapitalasworkersshouldberewardedwithanaccesstoeducationtoincomethatallowsdecentstandardsofliving.allpeopleinaneconomyAnequitabletalentecosystemallowspeopleProxymeasureofwagefromallbackgroundtoimprovetheirsocialdistributioninthelabourstatusbyacquiringrelevanttalentthroughthemarketeducationsystemProxymeasureofAccesstotransportandhousingcontributeintergenerationalmobilitytouseinclusivelytheavailablephysicalcapitalstockProxymeasureforwidespreadaccessAccesstoenergyandinfrastructureisonetotransportservices,aspectofmeasuringtheextenttowhichconnectingcommunitiesthebenefitsofthephysicalcapitalstockareandhousinginclusivelydistributedProxymeasureofaccesstobasicgoodsandservicesTheFutureofGrowthReport2024260TABLEB3IndicatorselectionIdIndicatorPillarDriverConceptRationaleB2.3InclusivenessResourcesHealthydietunaffordability,%ecosystemProxymeasureofAccesstofoodisoneaspectofmeasuringpop.accesstofoodtheextenttowhichfoodsupplyisinclusivelyResourcesdistributedB2.4Individualsusingtheinternet,InclusivenessecosystemProxymeasureof%pop.accessofinternetAccesstointernetisabasicrequirementforResourcesservicesamongtheensuringthatknowledgeandtechnologyareB2.5Accesstosafedrinking-water,Inclusivenessecosystempopulationavailabletoall%pop.InclusivenessResourcesProxymeasureofAccesstowaterisoneaspectofmeasuringB2.6Ruralelectricitygap,%urbanecosystemaccesstowater.theextenttowhichwatersupplyisinclusivelydistributedB3.1Wealthinequality,bottom50%InclusivenessFinancialProxymeasureofspreadshareecosystemofaccesstoelectricityAccesstoelectricityisanessentialfeatureinfrastructureofaninclusiveeconomy,allowingallcitizensB3.2Accesstofinancialservices,1-7InclusivenessFinancialtobenefitfromallapplicationsthatrequire(best)ecosystemProxymeasureoftheelectricitytofunction(e.g.refrigerators,distributionoffinancialcomputersetc)B3.3AccesstobankaccountsandInclusivenessFinancialcapitalsaving,%adultpop.ecosystemWealthdistributionisadimensionoftheMeasureofaccesstoinclusivenessofthefinancialsystemastheB4.1ICTcost,%ofGNIpercapitaInclusivenessTechnologyfinancialservicespossessionofsomewealthisaminimumecosystemconditiontoaccessfinancialassetsB4.2Genderparityinknowledge-InclusivenessMeasureofaccesstointensiveoccupations,0-100InclusivenessTechnologyfinancialservicesAccesstocredit,bankingandotherfinancial(best)ecosystemservicesisanessentialfeatureofinclusiveProxymeasureforfinancialsystemsB4.3InclusioninpositionofTechnologyaccesstoICTservicesleadership,1-7(best)ecosystemtodisadvantageAccesstocredit,bankingandotherfinancialhouseholdsservicesisanessentialfeatureofinclusiveB5.1Civilrights,0-60(high)InclusivenessInstitutionalfinancialsystemsecosystemProxymeasureforB5.2Politicalparticipation,0-1(best)InclusivenessequitableaccesstoAccesstotelecommunicationsisabasicInstitutionalknowledgeandresearchrequirementforensuringthatknowledgeandB5.3Inclusioninpublicspace0-1Inclusivenessecosystemtobothmenandwomentechnologyareavailabletoall(worst)InstitutionalProxymeasureforequalEqualaccesstoresearchpositionsformenB5.4EqualopportunityinpublicInclusivenessecosystemaccesstoknowledgeandwomenensuresknowledgeandresearchsector,1-7(best)andtechnologypositionarenotmonopolizedbyonegenderInstitutionalacrossallsocialgroupsB5.5Budgetpluralism,0-4(mostInclusivenessecosystemDiscriminationinpositionleadershippositionpluralistic)Proxymeasureofthebecauseofgender,ethnicity,disability,InstitutionalextenttowhichcivileconomicbackgroundorsexualorientationecosystemlibertiesaregrantedharmsinclusionProxymeasureoftheCivilliberties(e.g.freedomofspeech)areaextenttowhichcitizenkeyfeatureofinclusiveinstitutionsbecausecandirectlyparticipateintheyallowcitizentohavevoiceinantheeconomy'spoliticaleconomy'spoliticallifefunctionsOneaspectofinclusiveinstitutionsistheProxymeasureofpossibilityforallcitizentobeelectedininclusionofallsocialpoliticalfunctionsgroupsinpublicservicesandgovernedspacesOneaspectofinclusiveinstitutionsisthepossibilityforallcitizentobenefitfrompublicProxymeasureofservicesandapplytocivilservantpositionsinclusionofallsocialgroupsincivilservantOneaspectofinclusiveinstitutionsisnon-leadershippositionsdiscriminationofallsocialgroupsinpublicsector'sleadershippositionProxymeasureofinclusionconsiderationsPublicbudgetsininclusivesocietiesreflectinpublicbudgetsthatneedsofallsocialgroupsinaneconomy,includingsocialexpenditureandinfrastructuredevelopmentindisadvantagedareasTheFutureofGrowthReport2024261TABLEB3IndicatorselectionIdIndicatorPillarDriverConceptRationaleC1.1SustainabilityTalentTalentforgreenandenergyecosystemProxymeasureofgreenAvailabilityofadequategreenskillscontributestransition,1-7(best)skillsavailabilitytohumancapitalenvironmentalsustainabilityTalentbymakingiteasiertotransitiontheworkerstoC1.2BuyersophisticationonSustainabilityecosystemProxymeasurefortasksandoccupationsconsistentwithgreenerC2.1environmentandnature,1-7Sustainabilityenvironmentalfootprinteconomicactivities(best)ResourcesforconsumptionecosystemConsumptionpatternsofworkerscontributeatBiodiversityintactness,0-100ProxymeasureofmakinghumancapitalmoresustainablemostintactResourcesregenerativecapacityofecosystemnaturalcapitalBiodiversitylevelsrelativelyclosetotheirC2.2AnnualgreenhousegasSustainabilitynaturalstateindicatesthatnaturalcapitalisC2.3emissions,tonsCO2equiv.perSustainabilityResourcesProxymeasurefornotbeingerodedcap.ecosystemenvironmentalfootprintfrommaterialuseGreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsrepresentRenewableenergyconsumption,Resourcesthemostimportantcauseofclimatechange%totalecosystemMeasureforenvironmentalfootprintEnergyinfrastructureisanimportantC2.4AgriculturalenvironmentalSustainabilityResourcesofphysicalcapitalcomponentofphysicalcapital.Ahigherdamage0-1.4(worst)ecosystemshareofrenewableenergyintotalenergyProxymeasureofusecontributestomakingphysicalcapitalC2.5Totalwaterwithdrawal,m3perSustainabilityResourcesagriculturaldriversofenvironmentallysustainablecapita/yearecosystemenvironmentaldamageAgriculturallandisanimportantcomponentofC2.6Totalwaste,tonspercapita/yearSustainabilityFinancialMeasureofwaterusephysicalcapital.AnappropriateuseofnitrogenecosystemwithinregenerationinagriculturepracticescontributestomakeC3.1Investmentinrenewableenergy,Sustainabilitycapacityphysicalcapitalenvironmentallysustainable%GDPTechnologyecosystemProxymeasureforWater-tablesarecomprisedofphysicalC4.1Greenpatents,totalSustainabilityenvironmentalfootprintcapital.WaterusethatdoesnotdepletewaterTechnologyfrommaterialusetablescontributestomakephysicalcapitalC4.2Environmentaltechnologytrade,Sustainabilityecosystemenvironmentallysustainable%totaltradeProxymeasurefortheInstitutionalamountoffinancialWastegenerationanddisposalrepresentanC5.1Energyefficiencyregulation,Sustainabilityecosystemresourcesallocatedimportantaspectofenvironmentalfootprint0-100(best)tothebuild-upoffromeconomicactivitiesInstitutionalrenewableenergyC5.2Renewableenergyregulation,SustainabilityecosystemcapacityFundingflowingtothedevelopmentof0-100(best)renewableenergyinfrastructure(akeyInstitutionalProxymeasureofthecomponenttoenvironmentalsustainability)C5.3Fossil-fuelsubsidies,percapitaSustainabilityecosystemextentofenvironment-contributestoshiftingfinancestructureintherelatedinnovationenergysector.D1.1Old-agedependency,ratio64+ResilienceTalentto15-64ResilienceecosystemProxymeasureofanGreeninnovationisonecomponentoftheeconomy'sadoptionofcontributionofknowledgeandtechnologytoD1.2FillvacanciesbyhiringforeignTalentgreentechnologiessustainabilitylabour,1-7(best)ecosystemProxymeasureofAdoptionofgreentechnologiescontributeenvironmentalregulationtothesustainabilityoftheknowledgeandtechnologyecosystembysettingastandardProxymeasureofforproductiontechniquesandallowingforenvironmentalregulationlearningbydoingopportunitiesProxymeasureofOnedimensionofenvironmentalsustainabilitypoliticalwilltopursueaofinstitutionsisagovernmentcapacitytogreenenergyagendaadequatelyregulatethemostemission-intensivesectorsProxymeasureforagingdynamicsinthelabourOnedimensionofenvironmentalsustainabilityforceofinstitutionsisagovernmentcapacitytoadequatelyregulatethemostemission-ProxymeasureforintensivesectorspossibilitytouseforeignlabourtolimittalentOnedimensionofenvironmentalsustainabilityavailabilityshortagesofinstitutionsisagovernments'financialincentives/disincentivestoemissions.AgingaffectsresilienceinlaboursupplyForeignlabourcanmakeupformissingtalentinaneconomyTheFutureofGrowthReport2024262TABLEB3IndicatorselectionIdIndicatorPillarDriverConceptRationaleD1.3ResilienceTalentInvestmentinreskilling,1-7ecosystemProxymeasureoftheReskillingallowsformakingtheworkforce(best)extentofreskillingresilienttoindustriesshockandre-deployingTalentprogrammesinanworkersacrosstasksandsectorsD1.4Participationinmid-careerResilienceecosystemeconomytraining,%25-54pop.ResilienceContinuousupdateofworkerscompetencesTalentProxymeasureforlife-contributetoresilientsupplyofskilledD1.5Hospitalbeds,per1,000pop.ecosystemlonglearningpersonneltotechnologicaldisruptionsD1.6Healthworkers,per10,000pop.ResilienceTalentProxymeasureofAshealthisakeycomponentofhumanecosystemhealthcarecapacityincapital,healthcarecapacityinrespondingtoD2.1Exportproductconcentration,Resiliencecaseofanationalhealthriskfactorscontributestoaresilienthuman0-100(highconc.)ResourcesemergencycapitalecosystemecosystemD2.2Energysourcediversification,ResilienceProxymeasureofAshealthisakeycomponentofhuman0-100(highconc.)Resourceshealthcarecapacityincapital,healthcarecapacityinrespondingtoecosystemcaseofanationalhealthriskfactorscontributestoaresilienthumanD2.3Waterresources,m3percapita/ResilienceemergencycapitalecosystemyearResourcesecosystemProxyforeconomicEconomiesthatcanproducemultiplegoodsD2.4Foodsupplyconcentration,%Resilienceover-relianceonasinglethatcanwithstandinternationalcompetitionsharetopimporterResourcestypeofproduct/sectorandexportarelessexposedtosector-specificecosystemshocksD2.5CommoditysupplyResilienceProxymeasureofanD2.6concentration,%sharetopResilienceResourceseconomy'scapacitytoEnergyinfrastructureisonecomponentofimporterecosystemadapttoenergyshocksphysicalcapital.AdiversifiedenergysystemacrosstypesofenergysourcespreventsInfrastructurequality,1-7(best)ResourcesProxymeasureforenergyshortages(andthusresilientenergyecosystemwatersupplycapacitysupply)incaseofashockinonespecificD3.1Countrycreditrating,0-100Resilienceexposuretoclimateenergysource(best)FinancialchangeecosystemAneconomy'swaterabundancyandefficientD3.2Bankconcentration,%totalResilienceProxymeasureofmanagementpreventsocio-economicassetsFinancialexposuretofoodsupplyproblemsrelatedtopotentialwatershortagesecosystemdisruptionsD3.3Financialsystemresilience,1-7ResilienceOnedimensionofphysicalresourcesresilience(best)FinancialProxymeasureofislowexposuretoshortages/disruptionsinecosystemexposuretocommodityfoodproductsD3.4Banksystemdefaultrisk,Resiliencesupplydisruptionsz-scoreResilienceFinancialOnedimensionofphysicalresourcesresilienceecosystemProxymeasureofislowexposuretoshortages/disruptionsinD4.1Technologysupplytheaveragestatusofcommodities(e.g.fuels,minerals)concentration,%sharetopTechnologytransportservicesimporterecosystemQualityoftransportandenergyinfrastructureProxymeasureofenableseconomicactivtiesbyallowingefficientD4.2Cybersecurityindex,0-100(best)ResilienceTechnologysoundnessofpublicwaystomovegoods,peopleandservicesecosystemsectorfinanceStabilityofthepublicfinanceisanimportantProxymeasureoftoo-componentoffinancialresilienceassovereign-big-to-faildynamicsindefaultscanhavenegativespill-overeffectsonthefinancialsectoraneconomy'sfinancialsystemProxymeasureoftheAconcentrationoffinancialactivityinfewlargecapacityoffinancialbanksmaycreateincentivesthatleadtolesssectortowithstandresiliencefinancialsystemseconomicshocksAfinancialsystemwithsufficientbuffersandProxymeasureofmechanismstorecoverfromfinancialcrisestherobustnessofthecontributestothesystemicresilienceofanbankingsectoreconomybylimitingthedisruptionofcredit,financialassetsorpaymentsystemsProxymeasureofexposuretotechnologyAwell-capitalizedbankingsectorcontributessupplydisruptiontoaneconomyfinancialresiliencebybeingbetterequippedtorespondtofinancialshocksProxymeasureofICTcapitalresiliencetoOnedimensionofknowledgeandtechnologycyber-attacksresilienceislowexposuretoshortages/disruptionsinkeyproductsnecessarytosustainaneconomyknowledgeandtechnologyecosystemCybersecuritypreparednessisonecomponentofaresilientITsectorTheFutureofGrowthReport2024263TABLEB3IndicatorselectionIdIndicatorPillarDriverConceptRationaleD5.1Statelegitimacy,0-10(worst)ResilienceInstitutionalecosystemProxymeasureofOnedimensionofinstitutionsresilienceistheD5.2Socialpolarization,0-4(noResiliencepeople'sconfidenceinrecognitionbyavastshareofthepopulationofpolariz.)InstitutionalnationalinstitutionstheexistinginstitutionalstructureecosystemD5.3Politicalstability,-2.5/+2.5(best)ResilienceProxymeasureofOnedimensionofinstitutionsresilienceistheInstitutionalthelevelofsocialpoliticaldivideinthepopulationthatmayleadD5.4Governmentadaptation,1-7Resilienceecosystempolarizationinantostandstillandmalfunctioningofinstitutional(best)economyprocessesInstitutionalD5.5Corruptionperceptionsindex,ResilienceecosystemProxymeasureofOnedimensionofinstitutionsresilienceis0-100(best)theconsistencyandwidespreadpresenceofviolenceInstitutionalpredictabilityofnationalD5.6Ruleoflaw,-2.5/+2.5(best)ResilienceecosystempoliciesOnedimensionofinstitutionsresilienceisthecapacityofagovernmenttoactdecisivelyD5.7Environmentaltreaties,0-29ResilienceInstitutionalProxymeasureoftheandwithappropriatemeasuresthatallowan(best)ecosystemcapacityofnationaleconomytorecoverfromshocksgovernmenttonavigateInstitutionalchallengingsituationsAbsenceofcorruptioncontributestoecosystemandshocksprosperitybydiscouragingrent-seekingactivitiesorinappropriatepublicspendingProxymeasurefortheprevalenceofcorruptionTherespectoftheruleoflawcontributestoinaneconomy'spublicprosperitybyguaranteeingthesecurityofitssectorcitizensandpreventingthatthoseinpowershapeeconomicinstitutionsthatbenefitProxymeasureforanthemselvesattheexpenseoftherestoftheeconomy'spublicsectorsocietywhichareminimalrequirementsforcapacitytoestablishincentivizingeconomicactivitysecurity,enforcecontracts,andrespectOnedimensionofenvironmentalsustainabilitydivisionofpowersofinstitutionsisagovernmentcommitmenttotheinternationalenvironmentalpolicyagendaProxymeasureofcommitmenttointernationalcooperationonenvironmentalpoliciesTheFutureofGrowthReport2024264TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearA1.1Availabilityoftalent,1-7WorldEconomicForum's2023A1.2(best)ExecutiveOpinionSurveyAveragebusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,to2019A1.3whatextentcancompaniesfindpeoplewiththeskillsrequiredtofilltheir2023A2.1Educationattainment,PennWorldTablesvacanciesinthelocallabourmarket?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"2022A2.20-4.5(best)(EOSQ403);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesyourcountryattract/2022A2.3WorldEconomicForum'sretaintalentedpeople?[1=Notatall:7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ888).2023DigitalandtechnologyExecutiveOpinionSurveyA3.1talent,1-7(best)Humancapitalstockinaneconomy.Itiscomputedasacombination2023A3.2InternationalofMincereanreturnstoeducationandmeanyearsofschooling.It2022Mobilenetworkcoverage,TelecommunicationUnionisimplementedasfollows:ifaneconomy'smeanyearsofschooling%pop.(ITU),WTDIdatabase(mys)islessorequalto4,theindicatoriscalculatedasexp(0.134mys);ifmysisbetween4and8,theindicatoriscalculatedasICTcapital,USDperTheConferenceBoard,exp(0.1344+0.101(mys?4);ifmysisabove8,theindicatoriscalculatedcapitaTotalEconomydatabaseasexp(0.1344+0.101·4+0.068(mys?8).Formoredetailsreferto:https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/docs/human_capital_in_pwt_90.pdfInnovativeprovisionofWorldEconomicForum'sbasicgoodsandservices:ExecutiveOpinionSurveyAverageofbusinessleaders'answerstothequestionsa)"Inyourcountry,1-7(best)towhatextentistheworkforceproficientintechnologyskills;[1=Notatall;WorldEconomicForum's7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ882);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoLongterm,ventureandExecutiveOpinionSurveycompaniesfindthetalentneededforthedigitaltransformation[1=NotatSMEfinanceavailability,all;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ885).1-7(best)WorldBank,FindexdatabasePercentageofthepopulationcoveredbyatleastanLTE/WiMAXmobileDigitalpayments,%adultnetworkreferstothepercentageofinhabitantsthatlivewithinrangepop.ofLTE/LTE-Advanced;mobileWiMAX/WirelessMANorothermoreadvancedmobile-cellularnetworks;irrespectiveofwhetherornottheyaresubscribers.Thisiscalculatedbydividingthenumberofinhabitantsthatarecoveredbythepreviouslymentionedmobile-cellulartechnologiesbythetotalpopulationandmultiplyingby100.ItexcludespeoplecoveredonlybyHSPA;UMTS;EV-DOandprevious3Gtechnologies.ItalsoexcludesfixedWiMAXcoverage.ValueofICTcapitalusedinayear,dividedbypopulation.ICTcapitalincludescomputerhardwareandequipment,telecommunicationequipmentandcomputersoftwareservices.Formoredetailsrefertohttps://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/total-economy-database-methodology.Averagebusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:"Inyourcountry,towhatextentistheprovisionofthefollowinggoodsandservicesinnovative[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]:Water";"Inyourcountry,towhatextentistheprovisionofthefollowinggoodsandservicesinnovative[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]:Energy(electrictyandheating)";Inyourcountry,towhatextentistheprovisionofthefollowinggoodsandservicesinnovative[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]:Agricultureandfoodproduction";"Inyourcountry,towhatextentistheprovisionofthefollowinggoodsandservicesinnovative[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]:Educationandtrainingservices";"Inyourcountry,towhatextentistheprovisionofthefollowinggoodsandservicesinnovative[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]:Medicalandhealthcareservices";"Inyourcountry,towhatextentistheprovisionofthefollowinggoodsandservicesinnovative[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]:Care(e.g.childcareandeldercare)";"Inyourcountry,towhatextentistheprovisionofthefollowinggoodsandservicesinnovative[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]:Financialservices".(EOSQ912-EOSQ918)Averagebusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentislong-termfinancingavailable?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ866).b)"Inyourcountry,howeasyisitforstart-upentrepreneurswithinnovativebutriskyprojectstoobtainequityfunding?[1=Extremelydifficult;7=Extremelyeasy]"(EOSQ089);c)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentcansmall-andmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)accessthefinancetheyneedfortheirbusinessoperationsthroughthefinancialsector?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ425).Extenttowhichdigitalpaymentmethodsareusedinaneconomy.Itiscomputedasapercentageofrespondentsofthe"Globalfindexquestionnaire"whoreporthavingusedmobilemoney,adebitorcreditcard,amobilephonetomakeapaymentfromanaccount,internettopaybillsortobuysomethingonlineorinastoreinthepastyear.Thisincludesrespondentswhoreportpayingbills,sendingorreceivingremittances,receivingpaymentsforagriculturalproducts,receivinggovernmenttransfers,receivingwages,orreceivingapublicsectorpensiondirectlyfromorintoafinancialinstitutionaccountorthroughamobilemoneyaccountinthepastyear.Itcorrespondstotheindicator"Madeorreceivedadigitalpayment"intheGlobalFindexdatabase.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024265TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearA3.3DomesticcredittoprivateWorldBank,Global2020A4.1sector,%GDPFinancialDevelopmentExtentofcreditresourcesprovidedtotheprivatesector,suchasthrough2023databaseloans,purchasesofnonequitysecurities,andtradecreditsandotherA4.2Businesscultureandaccountsreceivable,thatestablishaclaimforrepayment,dividedbyGDP.2023A4.3competition,1-7(best)WorldEconomicForum'sForsomecountriestheseclaimsincludecredittopublicenterprises.It2022ExecutiveOpinionSurveycorrespondstotheindicatorDI.14intheGlobalFinancialDevelopmentA4.4Stateofclusterdatabase.2020development,1-7(best)WorldEconomicForum'sA4.5ExecutiveOpinionSurveyAverageofbusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyour2021A4.6Exportsofadvancedcountry,towhatextentisthereacultureoftakingriskstopursue2022A4.7services,%GDPUnitedNationsentrepreneurialprojects?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"2023ConferenceonTradeand(EOSQ073);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesMediumandhightech,%Development(UNCTAD)dynamicallyadapttheirbusinessmodelstoembraceriskyordisruptivemanufacturingv.a.businessideas?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ432);WorldBank,Worldc)"Inyourcountry,howdoyoucharacterizecorporateactivity?[1=ResearchandDevelopmentIndicatorsDominatedbyafewbusinessgroups;7=Spreadamongmanyfirms]"developmentexpenditure,database(EOSQ105).%ofGDPScientificpublications,hUnitedNationsSocialBusinessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,howindexDevelopmentGoals(SDG)widespreadarewell-developedanddeepclusters(geographicGlobalDatabaseconcentrationsoffirms,suppliers,producersofrelatedproductsKnowledge-intensiveandservices,andspecializedinstitutionsinaparticularfield)?[1=employment,%totalScimagoJournal&Nonexistent;7=Widespreadinmanyfields]"(EOSQ109)employmentCountryRankTotalvalueofexportsinadvancedservicesdividedbyGDP.AdvancedInternationalLabourservicescorrespondtothecategory"otherservices",whichincludes:Organization(ILO),construction,insuranceandpensionservices,financialservices,chargesILOSTATdatabasefortheuseofintellectualpropertynotincludedelsewhere(n.i.e.),telecommunications,computerandinformationservices,otherbusinessservices,personal,culturalandrecreationalservices,governmentgoodsandservicesnotincludedelsewhere(n.i.e.),andservicesnotallocated.Itisequaltototalservicesminusgoods-relatedservices,transportandtravel.Proportionofmediumandhigh-techindustryvalueaddedtothetotalmanufacturingvalueadded.Medium-highandhigh-techindustriesincludeChemicalsandchemicalproducts,Pharmaceuticals,Weaponsandammunition,Computer,electronicandopticalproducts,Electricalequipment,Machineryandequipmentnotelsewhereclassified(n.e.c.),Motorvehicles,trailersandsemi-trailers,Othertransportequipmentexceptshipsandboats,Medicalanddentalinstruments.Medium-techindustriesincludeRubberandplasticsproducts,Othernon-metallicmineralproducts,Basicmetals,Shipsandboats,Othermanufacturingexceptmedicalanddentalinstruments,Repairandinstallationofmachineryandequipment.Grossdomesticexpendituresonresearchanddevelopment(R&D)dividedbyGDP.Theyincludebothcapitalandcurrentexpendituresinthefourmainsectors:Businessenterprise,Government,HighereducationandPrivatenon-profit.R&Dcoversbasicresearch,appliedresearch,andexperimentaldevelopment.Indexofpublicationsandtheircitationsinacountry.Theh-Indexmeasuresthenumberofpublishedpaperscitedinotherpapersatleasthtimes.TheH-indexreflectsboththenumberofpublicationsandthenumberofcitationsperpublicationinallsubjectareas.Onlyarticles,reviewsandconferencepapersareconsidered.ThedocumentuniverseisdefinedbythosetrackedbyScopus,anabstractandcitationdatabaseofpeer-reviewedliterature:scientificjournals,booksandconferenceproceedings.Employedinresearchandtechnicaloccupationsasashareoftotalemployed.ResearchandtechnicaloccupationsaredefinedbyISCO08orISCO-88codesat2digitsandinclude:(ISCO08)21-Scienceandengineeringprofessionals,25-Informationandcommunicationstechnologyprofessionals,31-Scienceandengineeringassociateprofessionals,35-Informationandcommunicationstechnicians.(ISCO88)21-Physical,mathematicsandengineeringscienceprofessionals,24-Otherprofessionals,31-Physicalandengineeringscienceassociateprofessionals,34-Otherassociateprofessionals.Withtheaimofpromotinginternationalcomparability,statisticspresentedonILOSTATarebasedonstandardinternationaldefinitionswhereverfeasibleandmaydifferfromofficialnationalfigures.Thisseriesisbasedonthe13thICLSdefinitions.Fortimeseriescomparability,itincludescountriesthathaveimplementedthe19thICLSstandards,forwhichdataarealsoavailableintheWorkStatistics--19thICLS(WORK)database.Formoreinformation,refertotheLabourForceStatistics(LFSandSTLFS)databasedescription.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024266TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearA4.8Patentapplications,totalOrganisationfor2019EconomicCo-operationTotalcountofIP5patentfamilies,byearliestfilingdateandinventorA4.9Trademarksapplications,andDevelopment(OECD),country.Itiscomputedassumofthepatentfamilyapplicationsfiled2022A5.1per1,000pop.STIMicro-dataLab:inatleasttwoofthemajorfive(IP5)officesintheWorld:theEuropean2021Regulatoryquality,IntellectualPropertyPatentOffice(EPO),theJapanPatentOffice(JPO),theKoreanA5.2-2.5/+2.5(best)databaseIntellectualPropertyOffice(KIPO),theStateIntellectualPropertyOffice2023A5.3ofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(SIPO),andtheUnitedStatesPatent2023B1.1HumancapitalinpublicWorldIntellectualPropertyandTrademarkOffice(USPTO).DataisextractedfromthePATSTAT2023sector,1-7(best)Organization(WIPO)databasebyearliestfilingdateandinventorcountry,usingfractionalB1.2Policyvisionandstability,WorldBank,Worldcounts.Averagesofthelastthreeyearsavailablearetakenintoaccount20211-7(best)GovernanceIndicatorstoeliminatespikesinoneparticularyear.B1.3Inclusioninworkforce,1-72022(best)WorldEconomicForum'sTotaltrademarkapplications(directandviatheMadridsystem).TotalExecutiveOpinionSurveycountbyapplicant'sorigin(equivalentcount)dividedbypopulation.Universalhealthcoverage,0-100(best)WorldEconomicForum'sMeanestimateoftheperceptionsoftheabilityofthegovernmenttoExecutiveOpinionSurveyformulateandimplementsoundpoliciesandregulationsthatpermitandLackofsocialprotection,promoteprivatesectordevelopment.Itiscomputedastheweighted%popWorldEconomicForum'saverageofmultipleindicatorsapplyinganUnobservedComponentsExecutiveOpinionSurveyModel(UCM)toeachindividualindicator.TheUCMassumesthattheobserveddatafromeachsourcearealinearfunctionoftheunobservedWorldHealthOrganizationlevelofgovernance,plusanerrorterm.Thislinearfunctionisdifferentfordifferentdatasources.TheresultingestimatesofgovernanceareaInternationalLabourweightedaverageofthedatafromeachsource,withweightsreflectingOrganization(ILO),thepatternofcorrelationamongdatasources.FormoredetailsrefertoSocialProtectionDatahttps://www.govindicators.org/.DashboardsBusinessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,towhatextenttheappointmentofseniormanagementpositionsinthepublicsectorisbasedon=[1=Clientelism,familyorfriendship;7=Merit,skillsandqualifications]"Averagebusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthegovernmenthavealong-termvisioninplace?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ510);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthegovernmentensureastablepolicyenvironmentfordoingbusiness?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ434).Averageofthefollowingbusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalworkforceopportunitiesinhiringandretentiontoWomen?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ670);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalworkforceopportunitiesinhiringandretentiontoallreligious,ethnicorracialbackgrounds?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ671);c)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalworkforceopportunitiesinhiringandretentiontothosefromlow-incomebackgrounds?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ672);d)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalworkforceopportunitiesinhiringandretentiontothosewithdisabilities?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ673);e)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalworkforceopportunitiesinhiringandretentiontothosewhoidentifyasLGBTQI+?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ674).Indexofcoverageofessentialhealthservices.Essentialhealthservicesaredefinedbasedontracerinterventionsthatincludereproductive,maternal,newbornandchildhealth,infectiousdiseases,non-communicablediseasesandservicecapacityandaccess,amongthegeneralandthemostdisadvantagedpopulation.Theindexiscomputedasthegeometricmeanof14tracerindicatorsofhealthservicecoverage.Thetracerindicatorsareasfollows,organizedbyfourcomponentsofservicecoverage:1.Reproductive,maternal,newbornandchildhealth2.Infectiousdiseases3.Noncommunicablediseases4.Servicecapacityandaccess.Formoredetailsrefertohttps://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-03-08-01.pdf.Shareofpopulationnotcoveredbyanysocialprotectionfloors/systems.Itiscomputedas100minustheshareofthepopulationeffectivelycoveredbyatleastonesocialprotectionsystem,includingsocialprotectionfloors.Thecomponentsofsocialprotectiontakenintoaccountare:childandmaternitybenefits,supportforpersonswithoutajob,personswithdisabilities,victimsofworkinjuriesandolderpersons.Formoreinformation,refertotheLabourMarket-relatedSDGIndicators(ILOSDG)databasedescription,SDG_0131_SEX_SOC_RT_A.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024267TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearB1.4GenderparityinlabourInternationalLabour2023force,0-100(best)Organization(ILO),Labourforceparticipationrateofwomen(men)asashareofmen'sB1.5ILOSTATdatabase(women's).Wheneverthelabourforceparticipationrateamongmen2021B1.6Inequalityineducation,ishigherthanthatamongwomen,theindicatoriscomputedasthe2021B1.70-100(highlyunequal)UnitedNationlabourforceparticipationrateofwomendividedbythelabourforce2023B2.1DevelopmentProgramparticipationrateofmen.Wheneverthelabourforceparticipation2022Incomedistribution,%(UNDP),Humanrateamongwomenishigherthanthatamongmen,itiscomputedasB2.2sharebottom50DevelopmentReportthelabourforceparticipationrateofmendividedbythelabourforce2022B2.3Socialmobility,1-7(best)participationrateofwomen.Thelabourforceparticipationrateofeach2021WorldInequalitydatabasegenderisthelabourforceamongwomen(men)asapercentageoftheB2.4Accesstotransportand(WID)working-agewomen(men).Thelabourforceisthesumofallwomen2021B2.5housing,1-7(best)WorldEconomicForum's(men)ofworkingagewhoareemployedandthosewhoareunemployed.2022B2.6ExecutiveOpinionSurveyWiththeaimofpromotinginternationalcomparability,statistics2021HouseholdfinancialpresentedonILOSTATarebasedonstandardinternationaldefinitionssecurity,%adultpop.WorldEconomicForum'swhereverfeasibleandmaydifferfromofficialnationalfigures.ThisseriesHealthydietExecutiveOpinionSurveyisbasedonthe13thICLSdefinitions.Fortimeseriescomparability,itunaffordability,%pop.includescountriesthathaveimplementedthe19thICLSstandards,forWorldBank,FindexwhichdataarealsoavailableintheWorkStatistics--19thICLS(WORK)Individualsusingthedatabasedatabase.Formoreinformation,refertotheLabourForceStatistics(LFSinternet,%pop.andSTLFS)databasedescription.Accesstosafedrinking-FoodandAgriculturewater,%pop.Organization(FAO)Inequalityindistributionofyearsofschooling.ItiscomputedbasedondatafromhouseholdsurveysestimatedusingtheAtkinsoninequalityRuralelectricitygap,%WorldBank,Worldindex,settingtheinequalityaversionparameterepsilonequalto1sothaturbanDevelopmentIndicatorstheinequalitymeasureisA=1-g/u,wheregisthegeometricmeananddatabaseuisthearithmeticmeanofthedistribution.OneyearisaddedtoallvalidFoodandAgricultureobservationstocomputetheinequality.Organization(FAO),AquastatdatabasePercentageofnationalincomeaccruingtothebottom50percentileoftheincomedistributioninaneconomy.WorldBank,WorldDevelopmentIndicatorsBusinessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,towhatdatabaseextentdoindividualshavetheopportunitytoimprovetheireconomicsituationthroughtheirpersonaleffortsregardlessoftheirparents'socioeconomicsituation?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"Averageofthefollowingbusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoallmembersofthepopulationhavesufficientaccesstohousing?[1=Notatall-serviceisdifficultorexpensivetoaccessforall;7=Toagreatextent-serviceiseasyandaffordabletoaccessforall]"(EOSQ707);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoallmembersofthepopulationhavesufficientaccesstopublictransportation?[1=Notatall-serviceisdifficultorexpensivetoaccessforall;7=Toagreatextent-serviceiseasyandaffordabletoaccessforall]"(EOSQ710)Extenttowhichhouseholdsareunderfinancialpressure.Itiscomputedasapercentageofrespondentsofthe"Globalfindexquestionnaire"whoareveryworriedofnothavingenoughmoneytopayformonthlyexpensesorbills.Percentageofthepopulationwhocannotaffordahealthydiet.FAOestimatesthepopulation'sphysicalandeconomicaccesstoleastexpensivelocallyavailablefoodstomeetrequirementsforahealthydiet,asdefinedinfood-baseddietaryguidelines(FBDGs).Theindicatorusesobservedretailfoodconsumerpricesandincomedistributionstoprovideanoperationalmeasureofpeople'saccesstolocallyavailablefoodsintheproportionsneededforhealth.Formoredetailsrefertohttps://www.fao.org/3/cc1169en/cc1169en.pdfInternetusersdividedbytotalpopulation.InternetusersareindividualswhohaveusedtheInternet(fromanylocation)inthelastthreemonths.TheInternetcanbeusedviaacomputer,mobilephone,personaldigitalassistant,gamesmachine,digitalTVetc.Percentageofpopulationusingsafelymanagedwatersources.Populationdrinkingwaterfromanimprovedsourcethatisaccessibleonpremises,availablewhenneededandfreefromfecalandprioritychemicalcontamination.Improvedwatersourcesincludepipedwater,boreholesortubewells,protecteddugwells,protectedsprings,rainwater,andpackagedordeliveredwater.Accesstoelectricity,rural(%ofruralpopulation)dividedbyAccesstoelectricity,urban(%ofurbanpopulation).TheFutureofGrowthReport2024268TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearB3.1Wealthinequality,bottomWorldInequalitydatabase2021B3.250%share(WID)Percentageofnetnationalwealthownedbythebottom50percentileof2023B3.3thewealthdistribution.Itiscomputedasthetotalnetwealthownedby2021B4.1AccesstofinancialWorldEconomicForum'sthepeoplecomposingthebottom50percentileofthenationalwealth2021B4.2services,1-7(best)ExecutiveOpinionSurveydistribution,dividedbythetotalnetnationalwealth.Valuescanbe2022AccesstobankaccountsWorldBank,Findexnegativewheneverthehouseholdscomposingthebottom50percentileB4.3andsaving,%adultpop.databasearehighlyindebted.2023B5.1ICTcost,%ofGNIperInternationalBusinessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,towhat2023capitaTelecommunicationUnionextentdoallmembersofthepopulationhavesufficientaccesstoGenderparityin(ITU),ICTpricebasketfinancialservices?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ911)knowledge-intensiveInternationalLabouroccupations,0-100(best)Organization(ILO),ExtenttowhichadultshaveaccesstoanaccountatabankaccountILOSTATdatabaseandhavesetasidesavings.ItiscomputedastheaverageoftheInclusioninpositionoffollowingindicators:a)"Financialinstitutionsaccount",percentageofleadership,1-7(best)WorldEconomicForum'srespondentsofthe"Globalfindexquestionnaire"whoreporthavinganExecutiveOpinionSurveyaccountatabankorfinancialinstitutioninthepastyear;b)"SavedatCivilrights,0-60(high)afinancialinstitution",percentageofrespondentsofthe"GlobalfindexFreedomHouse,Freedomquestionnaire"whoreporthavingsetasidesavingsinanaccountataintheWorldbankoranothertypeoffinancialinstitutioninthepastyear.CostofmobileservicesdividedbyGNIpercapita.Thecostofmobileservicesismeasuredasthepriceofamobiledataandvoicehigh-consumptionbasket(140min+70SMS+2GB).Women(men)employedinresearchandtechnicaloccupationsasashareofmen's(women's).Wheneverthenumberofmenemployedinresearchandtechnicaloccupationsishigherthanthatofwomen,itiscomputedasthenumberoffemaleresearchersandtechnicalworkersdividedbythenumberofmaleresearchersandtechnicalworkers.Wheneverthenumberofwomenemployedintheseoccupationsishigherthanthatofmen,itiscomputedasthenumberofmaleresearchersandtechnicalworkersdividedbythenumberoffemaleresearchersandtechnicalworkers.ResearchandtechnicaloccupationsaredefinedbyISCO08orISCO-88codesat2digitsandinclude:(ISCO08)21-Scienceandengineeringprofessionals,25-Informationandcommunicationstechnologyprofessionals,31-Scienceandengineeringassociateprofessionals,35-Informationandcommunicationstechnicians.(ISCO88)21-Physical,mathematicsandengineeringscienceprofessionals,24-Otherprofessionals,31-Physicalandengineeringscienceassociateprofessionals,34-Otherassociateprofessionals.Withtheaimofpromotinginternationalcomparability,statisticspresentedonILOSTATarebasedonstandardinternationaldefinitionswhereverfeasibleandmaydifferfromofficialnationalfigures.Thisseriesisbasedonthe13thICLSdefinitions.Fortimeseriescomparability,itincludescountriesthathaveimplementedthe19thICLSstandards,forwhichdataarealsoavailableintheWorkStatistics--19thICLS(WORK)database.Formoreinformation,refertotheLabourForceStatistics(LFSandSTLFS)databasedescription.Averageofthefollowingbusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptowomen?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ141);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptoThosefromatypicallydisadvantagedreligious,ethnicorracialbackground?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ676);c)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptoThoseborntolow-incomeparents?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ677);d)Averagebusinessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptoThosewithdisabilities?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ678);e)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptoThosewhoidentifyasLGBTI?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ679).Civillibertiesindexscore.Itiscomputedastheaverageofthefollowingindicators:a)FreedomofExpressionandBelief(4questions);b)AssociationalandOrganizationalRights(3questions);c)RuleofLaw(4questions);d)PersonalAutonomyandIndividualRights(4questions).ThehighestpossibleCivillibertiesscoreis60(orascoreof4foreachofthe15questions).Formoredetailsrefertohttps://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024269TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearB5.2Politicalparticipation,0-1UniversityofGothenburg:2022B5.3(best)VarietiesofDemocracyPoliticalparticipationindexscoreintermsofpossibilityofbeingelected2022Institute."V-Demorvotingrights.ItiscomputedasthehighestscoreamongthefollowingB5.4Inclusioninpublicspace[Country–Year/Country–indicatorsderivedfromthev-demsurvey.a)Civilsocietyparticipation20230-1(worst)Date]datasetv11.1"score(indicator:v2x_cspart);b)directpopularvote(indicator:v2xdd_dd);B5.5c)electedlocalgovernmentpower(indicator:v2xel_locelec);d)elected2022EqualopportunityinUniversityofGothenburg:regionalgovernmentpower(indicator:v2xel_regelec).ItcorrespondstoC1.1publicsector,1-7(best)VarietiesofDemocracytheindicator"v2x_partip".Formoredetails,seehttps://www.v-dem.net/2023C1.2Institute."V-Demstatic/website/img/refs/codebookv12.pdf.2023Budgetpluralism,0-4[Country–Year/Country–(mostpluralistic)Date]datasetv11.1"Accesstopublicservicesandgovernedspacesindexscore.Alowvalueintherawdataindicatesanormativelybettersituation(e.g.moreTalentforgreenandWorldEconomicForum'sdemocratic)andhigherscoresanormativelyworsesituation(e.g.lessenergytransition,1-7ExecutiveOpinionSurveydemocratic).Itisacompositeindicatorthattakesintoaccountinclusion/(best)exclusionbysocio-economiccondition,gender,urban-rurallocation,BuyersophisticationonUniversityofGothenburg:politicalgroup,orothersocialgroups.Anindividualisconsideredenvironmentandnature,VarietiesofDemocracyexcludedwheneveraccesstoservicesorparticipationingoverned1-7(best)Institute."V-Demspacesisdenied.Governedspacesarepartofthepublicspacethe[Country–Year/Country–governmentshouldregulate,whileexcludingprivatespacesandDate]datasetv11.1"organizationsexceptwhenexclusioninthoseprivatespheresislinkedtoexclusioninthepublicspherebasedontheidentityorbelongingtoaWorldEconomicForum'sparticulargroup.ItiscomputedastheaverageofthefollowingindicatorsExecutiveOpinionSurveyderivedfromtheV-demsurvey:a)ExclusionbySocio-EconomicWorldEconomicForum'sGroup(indicator:v2xpe_exlecon);b)ExclusionbyGender(indicator:ExecutiveOpinionSurvey2xpe_exlgender);c)ExclusionbyUrban-RuralLocation(indicator:v2xpe_exlgeo);d)ExclusionbyPoliticalGroup(indicator:v2xpe_exlpol);d)ExclusionbySocialGroup(indicator:v2xpe_exlsocgr).Formoredetailsreferto:https://www.v-dem.net/static/website/img/refs/codebookv111.pdfAverageofthefollowingbusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthepublicsectorgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptowomen?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ872),b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthepublicsectorgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptoallethnicandracialbackgrounds?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ873);c)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthepublicsectorgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptothosefromlow-incomebackgrounds?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ874);d)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthepublicsectorgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptothosewithdisabilities?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ875);e)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthepublicsectorgiveequalopportunitiestorisetopositionsofleadershiptothosewhoidentifyasLGBTQI+?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ876).Answerstothequestion"Consideringtheprofileofsocialandinfrastructuralspendinginthenationalbudget,howparticularisticorpublicgoodsaremostexpenditures?0=Almostallofthesocialandinfrastructureexpendituresareparticularistic.1:Mostsocialandinfrastructureexpendituresareparticularistic,butasignificantportion(e.g.1/4or1/3)ispublic-goods.2:Socialandinfrastructureexpendituresareevenlydividedbetweenparticularisticandpublicgoodsprograms.3=Mostsocialandinfrastructureexpendituresarepublic-goodsbutasignificantportion(e.g.,1/4or1/3)isparticularistic.4:Almostallsocialandinfrastructureexpendituresarepublic-goodsincharacter."Explanation:Particularisticspendingisnarrowlytargetedonaspecificcorporation,sector,socialgroup,region,party,orsetofconstituents.Public-goodsspendingisintendedtobenefitallcommunitieswithinasociety,thoughitmaybemeans-testedsoastotargetpoor,needy,orotherwiseunderprivilegedconstituents.Itcorrespondstotheindicator"v2dlencmps_mean".Businessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesfindthetalentneededforthegreenandenergytransition?[1=notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ886)Businessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,dobuyersmakepurchasingdecisionsprimarilyonpriceoralsoonthebasisofthefollowingattributes:Productimpactontheenvironmentandnature[1=Donottaketheattributeintoaccount;7=Taketheattributeintoaccount]"(EOSQ665).TheFutureofGrowthReport2024270TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearC2.1Biodiversityintactness,NaturalHistoryMuseum2023C2.20-100mostintactBiodiversityIntactnessIndexscore.TheBiodiversityIntactnessIndex2021OurWorldinDatameasuresbiodiversitychangesince1970usingabundancedataC2.3Annualgreenhousegasonplants,fungiandanimalsisasininputtoastatisticalmodelthat2021emissions,tonsCO2equiv.WorldBank,WorldestimateshowtotalabundanceoforganismsandcompositionalsimilarityC2.4percap.DevelopmentIndicatorsrespondedtolanduseandrelatedpressures.2015C2.5database2019RenewableenergyAnnualgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsintonsofCO2-equivalentsperC2.6consumption,%totalYale,Environmentalperson.GHGincludecarbondioxide,methaneandnitrousoxidefromall2018C3.1PerformanceIndex(EPI)sources,includingagricultureandlandusechange.Theyaremeasured2022C4.1Agriculturalenvironmentalincarbondioxide-equivalentsovera100-yeartimescale.Greenhouse2019damage0-1.4(worst)FoodandAgriculturegasemissionsarecalculatedbyOurWorldinDatabasedonemissionsOrganization(FAO),datafromJonesetal.(2023)andIPCCAR6conversionfactors.JonesetTotalwaterwithdrawal,m3Aquastatdatabaseal.(2023)givemethaneandnitrousoxideemissionsinstandardmetricpercapita/yeartonsperyear.Emissionsareconvertedtocarbon-dioxideequivalentsWorldBank,Whataovera100-yeartimescaleusingaconversionfactorof273fornitrousTotalwaste,tonsperWastereportoxide,29.8formethanefromfossilsources,and27.2formethanefromcapita/yearWorldEconomicForum'sagriculturalandlandusesources(aspertheIPCCAR6report).Investmentinrenewablecalculationsbasedonenergy,%GDPBloombergNewEnergyRenewableenergyconsumptiondividedbytotalfinalenergyFinanceconsumption.Renewableenergyincludeshydro,solidbiofuels,liquidGreenpatents,totalbiofuels,biogases,wind,solar,geothermal,tide/wave/oceansandOrganisationforrenewablemunicipalwaste.TotalfinalenergyconsumptionthesumEconomicCo-operationofconsumptionofend-usesectorsandincludesnon-energyuse.andDevelopment(OECD),BackflowsfromthepetrochemicalindustryarenotincludedinfinalSTIMicro-dataLab:consumption.Formoredetailsrefertohttps://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/IntellectualPropertydownloads.databaseSustainableNitrogenManagementIndex,aproxyforagriculture-drivenenvironmentaldamage.Thisindexseekstobalanceefficientapplicationofnitrogenfertilizerwithmaximumcropyieldsasameasureoftheenvironmentalperformanceofagriculturalproduction.Itcorrespondstotheindicator"SNM"intheEnvironmentalPerformanceIndexdatabase.Formoredetailsrefertohttps://epi.yale.edu/downloads/epi2022technicalappendixv02.pdf.Totalyearlywaterwithdrawal(cubicmeters)dividedbypopulation.Itincludesmunicipal,industrialandagriculturewaterwithdrawal.Itcanalsoincludewaterfromrenewablefreshwaterresources,aswellaswaterfromover-abstractionofrenewablegroundwaterorwithdrawalfromfossilgroundwater,directuseofagriculturaldrainagewater,directuseof(treated)wastewater,anddesalinatedwater.Itdoesnotincludein-streamuses,whicharecharacterizedbyaverylownetconsumptionrate,suchasrecreation,navigation,hydro-power,inlandcapturefisheries,etc.Totaltonsofwaste(alltypes)generated,dividedbypopulationTotalamountinvestedinrenewableenergyasapercentageofGDP.Investmentsinrenewableenergyincludenewlybuiltwind(onshoreandoffshore),solar(largeandsmallscale),biofuels,biomassandwaste,marine,geothermal,andhydroassets.Itdoesnotconsiderretrofits,orprivatefinancing.Theaverageofthelastthreeyearsavailablearetakenintoaccounttoeliminatespikesinoneparticularyear.TotalcountofIP5patentfamiliesingreentechnologies,byearliestfilingdateandinventorcountry.GreentechnologiesaredefinedasenvironmentrelatedtechnologiestaggedasY02intheCollaborativePatentClassificationschema.Patentsarecountediffiledinatleasttwoofthemajorfive(IP5)officesintheworld:EuropeanPatentOffice(EPO),JapanPatentOffice(JPO),KoreanIntellectualPropertyOffice(KIPO),StateIntellectualPropertyOfficeofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(SIPO)andUnitedStatesPatentandTrademarkOffice(USPTO).DataisextractedfromthePATSTATdatabasebyearliestfilingdateandinventorcountry,usingfractionalcounts.Theaverageofthelastthreeyearsavailablearetakenintoaccounttoeliminatespikesin1particularyear.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024271TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearC4.22020EnvironmentaltechnologyWorldTradeOrganizationTotaltradeoftrackedEnvironmentallySoundTechnologies(ESTs)C5.1trade,%totaltrade(WTO),statisticsportalgoodsandservices,dividedbytotaltrade(importsplusexports).2021C5.2EnvironmentallysoundtechnologiesaredefinedusingHScodesofthe2021C5.3EnergyefficiencyTheWorldBank,HarmonizedCommodityDescriptionandCodingSystems,ata6-digit2023regulation,0-100(best)RegulatoryIndicatorsforlevel.TotaltradeoftrackedEnvironmentallySoundTechnologies(ESTs)D1.1SustainableEnergy(RISE)iscalculatedasthesumoftrackedexported,imported,re-exportedand2022D1.2databasere-importedESTs.ThesectorsdeemedtobeESTsthroughhistorical2023D1.3researchincludeairpollutioncontrol,wastewatermanagement,solid2023RenewableenergyTheWorldBank,andhazardouswastemanagement,renewableenergy,environmentallyregulation,0-100(best)RegulatoryIndicatorsforpreferableproducts,watersupplyandsanitation,energystorageSustainableEnergy(RISE)anddistribution,landandwaterprotectionandremediation.Fordatabasemoredetailsreferto:https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/SDMXMetadataPage?17.7.1-DC_ENVTECH_TTFossil-fuelsubsidies,perInternationalMonetarycapitaFund(IMF),FossilFuelCompositeindexscore.ItiscomputedasanaverageofthefollowingSubsidiesdata(2023regulatorydimensionscores:a)Nationalenergyefficiencyplanning,update)Incentivesandmandatesfromthepublicsector;b)Minimumenergyperformancestandards;c)Transportsectorenergyefficiency;d)Old-agedependency,ratioWorldBank,WorldEnergyefficiencyentities;e)Incentivesandmandatesofenergyutility64+to15-64DevelopmentIndicatorsprograms;f)EnergylabellingsystemCarbonpricingandmonitoring;databaseg)Incentivesandmandatesforindustrialandcommercialendusers;h)FillvacanciesbyhiringFinancingmechanismsforenergyefficiency,Buildingenergycodes.Theforeignlabour,1-7(best)WorldEconomicForum'smeasurementofeachdimensionisbasedontheRISEsurveyconductedExecutiveOpinionSurveybytheWorldBank.Formoredetailsreferto:https://rise.esmap.org/scoring-system.Investmentinreskilling,WorldEconomicForum's1-7(best)ExecutiveOpinionSurveyCompositeindexscore.Itiscomputedasanaverageofthefollowingregulatorydimensionsscores:a)Legalframeworkforrenewableenergy;b)Incentivesandregulatorysupportforrenewableenergy;c)Planningforrenewableenergyexpansion;d)Attributesoffinancialandregulatoryincentives;e)Networkconnectionanduse;f)Carbonpricingandmonitoring;g)Counterpartyrisk.ThemeasurementofeachdimensionisbasedontheRISEsurveyconductedbytheWorldBank.Formoredetailsreferto:https://rise.esmap.org/scoring-systemTotalpublicfossil-fuelsubsidiesdividedbythepopulation.SubsidiesarereportedincurrentUSDandincludebothimplicitandexplicitcontributionstoconsumptionandproduction.Averagesofthelastthreeyearsavailablearetakenintoaccounttoeliminatespikesinoneparticularyear.Explicitsubsidiesarecomputedas:(sectoralunitsupplycost-fueluserprice)×(sectoralfuelconsumption).Implicitsubsidiesarecomputedas:(sectoralefficientfuelprice-fueluserprice)×(sectoralfuelconsumption),wheresectorefficientfuelpriceis(unitsupplycost+unitenvironmentalcost)×(1+generalconsumptiontaxrate,ifapplicable).Explicitsubsidiesreflectfiscalcosts-eitherdirectlyinthegovernmentbudget(e.g.,rebatestohouseholdsforenergypurchases)orindirectlyaslosses/reducedprofitsatstate-ownedenterprises.Thetotal(explicitplusimplicit)subsidycaptures"gettingfossilfuelpricesright"asenvironmentalcostsareconsideredasimportantassupplycosts.Undertheabovedefinition,underchargingforVATiscountedasanimplicitsubsidy.Producersubsidies(e.g.,favourabletaxtreatmentforfossilfuelextraction,suchasaccelerateddepreciation)areincludedinexplicitsubsidies.Ifafueluserpriceexceedsthesupplycost,theexplicitsubsidyiscountedaszero(ratherthannegative)andwherethepriceexceedstheefficientlevel,thetotalsubsidyiscountedaszero.Subsidiesareaggregatedacrosssectors(powergeneration,industry,transportation,andbuildings),fuels(coal,naturalgas,gasoline,diesel,kerosene,LPG,andotheroilproducts).Formoredetailsreferto:https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2023/08/22/IMF-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Data-2023-Update-537281.Ratioofolderdependents(peopleolderthan64)totheworking-agepopulation(thoseages15-64).Dataisshownastheproportionofdependentsper100working-agepopulation.Businessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,towhatextentcancompaniesfindpeoplewiththeskillsrequiredtofilltheirvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ774)Averageofthefollowingbusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdocompaniesinvestinworkforceupskillingandreskilling?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ139);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthepublicsectorinvestinworkforceupskillingandreskilling?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ887).TheFutureofGrowthReport2024272TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearD1.4Participationinmid-careerUnitedNationsSocial2022training,%25-54pop.DevelopmentGoals(SDG)Percentageofpeopleaged25-54years-oldparticipatinginformalD1.5Globaldatabaseornon-formaleducationortraininginthelasttwelvemonths.Formal2019D1.6Hospitalbeds,per1,000educationandtrainingisdefinedaseducationprovidedbythesystemof2021pop.WorldBank,Worldschools,colleges,universitiesandotherformaleducationalinstitutions.D2.1DevelopmentIndicatorsNon-formaleducationandtrainingisdefinedasanyorganizedand2022D2.2Healthworkers,perdatabasesustainedlearningactivitiesthatdonotcorrespondexactlytotheabove2021D2.310,000pop.definitionofformaleducation.Non-formaleducationmaytherefore2019UnitedNationsSocialtakeplacebothwithinandoutsideeducationalinstitutionsandcaterD2.4ExportproductDevelopmentGoals(SDG)topeopleofallages.Dependingonnationalcontexts,itmaycover2022D2.5concentration,0-100(highGlobaldatabaseeducationalprogrammestoimpartadultliteracy,life-skills,work-skills,2022D2.6conc.)andgeneralculture.2023UnitedNationsEnergysourceConferenceonTradeandTotalnumberofhospitalbedsdividedbypopulation(thousands).diversification,0-100(highDevelopment(UNCTAD)Hospitalbedsincludeinpatientbedsavailableinpublic,private,general,conc.)andspecializedhospitalsandrehabilitationcenters.InmostcasesbedsWaterresources,m3perWorldEconomicForum'sforbothacuteandchroniccareareincluded.Formoredetailsrefertocapita/yearcalculationsbasedonhttps://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/world-development-InternationalEnergyindicators/series/SH.MED.BEDS.ZSFoodsupplyAgencydataconcentration,%shareFoodandAgricultureTotalnumberofprofessionalhealthworkers,dividedby10,000topimporterOrganization(FAO),population.Professionalhealthworkersasdefinedhereinclude:medicalAquastatdatabasedoctors,includinggeneralistsandspecialistmedicalpractitionersperCommoditysupply10,000populationinthegivennationaland/orsubnationalarea.Theconcentration,%shareUnitedNationsInternationalStandardClassificationofOccupations(ISCO)unitgrouptopimporterConferenceonTradeandcodesincludedinthiscategoryare221,2211and2212ofISCO-Development(UNCTAD),08.Formoredetailsrefertohttps://unstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/Infrastructurequality,1-7InternationalMerchandiseSDMXMetadataPage?3.c.1-SH_MED_DEN(best)TradedatabaseProductHerfindahl-HirschmannIndex(ProductHHI)whichisameasureUnitedNationsofthedegreeofproductconcentrationacrossproductsexportedatConferenceonTradeandthethree-digitSITC,Rev.3level.FormoredetailsoncalculationsreferDevelopment(UNCTAD),tohttps://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre/dataviewer/metadata/InternationalMerchandiseUS.ConcentDiversIndices/indicatorTradedatabaseWorldEconomicForum'sHerfindalindexoftotalprimaryenergy(production+imports-exports)ExecutiveOpinionSurveybytypeofprimaryenergysource.Sources-typesare:Hydro,Solar,Fossil,Biofules,Nuclear,andimport/exportofelectricity.Sumoftotalrenewablewaterresourcesanddesalinatedwaterproduced,divededbypopulation.Totalrenewablewaterresourcesisthesumofinternalrenewablewaterresources(IRWR)andexternalrenewablewaterresources(ERWR)dividedbypopulation.Itcorrespondstothemaximumtheoreticalyearlyamountofwateravailableforacountryatagivenmoment.Desalinatedwaterproducediswaterproducedannuallybydesalinationofbrackishorsaltwater.Itisestimatedannuallyonthebasisofthetotalcapacityofwaterdesalinationinstallations.Valueoffoodimportsfromthetoptrade-partnerdividedbythetotalimportvalueoffoodfromalltradepartners.FoodimportscorrespondstoUNCTAD'sbilateralimportsstatisticsitem"importsoffood,basicexcludingtea,coffee,cocoaandspices(SITC0+22+4less07)".Netfoodexporters,identifiedasaratioof(foodexport-foodimport)/(foodexport+foodimport)>0.25,areassignedavalueof0,whiciisthebestpossibleoutcomeastheydonotdependatallfromforeignimports.Valueofcommodityimportsfromthetoptrade-partnerdividedbythetotalimportvalueofcommoditiesfromalltradepartners.CommodityisdefinedasthesumofSITCexportcodes0,1,2,3,4,68.Itiscomputedbasedonitem"Primarycommodities"inUNCTAD'sbilateralimportsstatistics.Averagebusinessleaders'answerstothequestions:a)"Inyourcountry,howisthequality(extensivenessandcondition)ofroadinfrastructure?[1=Extremelypoor-amongtheworstintheworld;7=Extremelygood-amongthebestintheworld]"(EOSQ057);b)"Inyourcountry,howefficient(i.e.,intermsoffrequency,punctuality,speed,price)aretrainservices?[1=Extremelyinefficient-amongtheworstintheworld;7=Extremelyefficient-amongthebestintheworld]"(EOSQ485);c)"Inyourcountry,howefficient(i.e.,intermsoffrequency,punctuality,speed,price)areairtransportservices?[1=Extremelyinefficient-amongtheworstintheworld;7=Extremelyefficient-amongthebestintheworld]"(EOSQ486).Toavoidthatlandlockcountriesorcountrieswhererailroadsarenotdeveloped,onlythetwoquestionswiththehighestscoresaretakenintoaccount.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024273TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyearD3.1Countrycreditrating,TradingEconomics2023D3.20-100(best)Averageofratingscoresacrossthefourlargestratingagencies(S&P,2021D3.3Bankconcentration,%WorldBank,GlobalMoody's,FitchandDBRS).Thesource(TradeEconomics)providesa2023D3.4totalassetsFinancialIndicatorscombinedscoreofthefouragencies'ratings.2021datbaseD4.1FinancialsystemAssetsofthreelargestcommercialbanksasashareoftotalcommercial2022D4.2resilience,1-7(best)WorldEconomicForum'sbankingassets.Totalassetsincludetotalearningassets,cashand2020D5.1Banksystemdefaultrisk,ExecutiveOpinionSurveyduefrombanks,foreclosedrealestate,fixedassets,goodwill,other2023z-scoreintangibles,currenttaxassets,deferredtaxassets,discontinuedD5.2WorldBank,Globaloperationsandotherassets.ItcorrespondstotheindicatorOI.01inthe2022TechnologysupplyFinancialIndicatorsGlobalFinancialDatabase.concentration,%sharedatabasetopimporterBusinessleaders'answerstothequestion:"Inyourcountry,towhatCybersecurityindex,UnitedNationsextentisthefinancialsystemabletorespondtocrises?[1=Notatall;0-100(best)ConferenceonTradeand7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ867)Statelegitimacy,0-10Development(UNCTAD),(worst)InternationalMerchandiseProbabilityofdefaultofacountry'scommercialbankingsystem.AhigherTradedatabasevalueofthez-scoremeanslowerbankrisk.Z-scorecomparesthebufferSocialpolarization,0-4InformationTechnologyofacountry'scommercialbankingsystem(capitalizationandreturns)(nopolariz.)Union(ITU),Globalwiththevolatilityofthosereturns.Z-scorecomparesthebufferofaCybersecurityIndexcountry'sbankingsystem(capitalizationandreturns)withthevolatilitydatabaseofthosereturns.Itisestimatedas(ROA+(equity/assets))/sd(ROA);TheFundforPeacesd(ROA)isthestandarddeviationofROA,calculatedforcountry-yearswithnolessthan5bank-levelobservations.ROA,equity,andassetsareUniversityofcountry-levelaggregatefigures.Calculatedfromunderlyingbank-by-Gothenburg:VarietiesbankunconsolidateddatafromBankscopeandOrbis.TheresultisnotofDemocracyInstitute.reportedifacountry-yearhaslessthan3bank-levelobservations."V-Dem[Country–Year/Country–Date]DatasetValueofelectronicsimportsfromthetoptrade-partnerdividedbythev11.1"totalimportvalueofelectronicsfromalltradepartners.ElectronicsisdefinedasthesumofSITCexportcodes759,764and776.Itiscomputedbasedonitem"Partsandcomponentsforelectricalandelectronicgoods"intheUNCTAD'sbilateralimportsstatistics.Compositeindexmeasuringcountries'commitmenttocybersecurity.Formoredetailedinformationrefertohttps://www.itu.int/epublications/publication/D-STR-GCI.01-2021-HTM-EComponentoftheFragileStateindexthatmeasurestherepresentativenessandopennessofgovernmentanditsrelationshipwithitscitizenry.Itlooksatthepopulation'slevelofconfidenceinstateinstitutionsandprocesses,andassessestheeffectswherethatconfidenceisabsent,manifestedthroughmasspublicdemonstrations,sustainedcivildisobedience,ortheriseofarmedinsurgencies.Itconsiderstheintegrityofelectionswheretheytakeplace(suchasflawedorboycottedelections),thenatureofpoliticaltransitions,andwherethereisanabsenceofdemocraticelections,thedegreetowhichthegovernmentisrepresentativeofthepopulationofwhichitgoverns.Ittakesintoaccountopennessofgovernment,specificallytheopennessofrulingelitestotransparency,accountabilityandpoliticalrepresentation,orconverselythelevelsofcorruption,profiteering,andmarginalizing,persecuting,orotherwiseexcludingoppositiongroups.Theindicatoralsoconsiderstheabilityofastatetoexercisebasicfunctionsthatinferapopulation'sconfidenceinitsgovernmentandinstitutions,suchasthroughtheabilitytocollecttaxes.Itiscomputedasanaggregationofrelatedquestions.Formoredetailsreferto:https://fragilestatesindex.org/indicators/p1/.Aggregatescoreofrespondents'answerstothefollowingquestionintheV-demquestionnaire:"Howwouldyoucharacterizethedifferencesofopinionsonmajorpoliticalissuesinthissociety?0:Seriouspolarization.Thereareseriousdifferencesinopinionsinsocietyonalmostallkeypoliticalissues,whichresultinmajorclashesofviews.1:Moderatepolarization.Therearedifferencesinopinionsinsocietyonmanykeypoliticalissues,whichresultinmoderateclashesofviews.2:Mediumpolarization.Differencesinopinionsarenoticeableonabouthalfofthekeypoliticalissues,resultinginsomeclashesofviews.3:Limitedpolarization.Therearedifferencesinopinionsononlyafewkeypoliticalissues,resultinginfewclashesofviews.4:Nopolarization.Therearedifferencesinopinionsbutthereisageneralagreementonthedirectionforkeypoliticalissues.AggregationbasedonBayesianitemresponsetheorymeasurementmodel.Itcorrespondstotheindicator"v2smpolsoc_mean".Formoredetailsreferto:https://www.v-dem.net/static/website/img/refs/codebookv111.pdfTheFutureofGrowthReport2024274TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyear2021D5.3Politicalstability,WorldBank,WorldMeanestimateoftheperceptionsofthelikelihoodofpolitical-2.5/+2.5(best)GovernanceIndicatorsinstabilityand/orpolitically-motivatedviolence,including2023D5.4databaseterrorism.Itiscomputedastheweightedaverageofmultiple2022D5.5indicatorsapplyinganUnobservedComponentsModel2021D5.6GovernmentWorldEconomic(UCM)toeachindividualindicator.TheUCMassumesthatadaptation,1-7(best)Forum'sExecutivetheobserveddatafromeachsourcearealinearfunctionOpinionSurveyoftheunobservedlevelofgovernance,plusanerrorterm.Thislinearfunctionisdifferentfordifferentdatasources.TheCorruptionperceptionsTransparencyresultingestimatesofgovernanceareaweightedaverageofindex,0-100(best)International,thedatafromeachsource,withweightsreflectingthepatternCorruptionPerceptionofcorrelationamongdatasources.FormoredetailsrefertoIndexhttps://www.govindicators.org/.Ruleoflaw,-2.5/+2.5WorldBank,WorldAverageofthefollowingbusinessleaders'answerstothe(best)GovernanceIndicatorsquestions:a)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthedatabasegovernmentprepareforanddynamicallyadapttocrises?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ878);b)"Inyourcountry,towhatextentdoesthegovernmentrespondeffectivelytochange(e.g.,technologicalchanges,societalanddemographictrends,securityandeconomicchallenges)?[1=Notatall;7=Toagreatextent]"(EOSQ507).CorruptionperceptionsIndexscore,whichmeasuresperceptionsofcorruptioninthepublicsector.Thisisacompositeindicator,andthescalerangesfrom0(highlycorrupt)to100(veryclean).Theindexaggregatesdatafromanumberofdifferentsourcesthatprovideperceptionsofbusinesspeopleandcountryexpertsofthelevelofcorruptioninthepublicsector.Moredetailsaboutthemethodologycanbefoundathttps://www.transparency.org/cpi.Meanestimateoftheperceptionsoftheextenttowhichagentshaveconfidenceinandabidebytherulesofsociety,andinparticularthequalityofcontractenforcement,propertyrights,thepolice,andthecourts,aswellasthelikelihoodofcrimeandviolence.ItiscomputedastheweightedaverageofmultipleindicatorsapplyinganUnobservedComponentsModel(UCM)toeachindividualindicator.TheUCMassumesthattheobserveddatafromeachsourceisalinearfunctionoftheunobservedlevelofgovernance,plusanerrorterm.Thislinearfunctionisdifferentfordifferentdatasources.Theresultingestimatesofgovernanceareaweightedaverageofthedatafromeachsource,withweightsreflectingthepatternofcorrelationamongdatasources.Formoredetailsrefertohttps://www.govindicators.org/.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024275TABLEB4IndicatordescriptionIdIndicatorSourceDescriptionLatestyear2023D5.7Environmentaltreaties,InternationalUnionforNumberofenvironmentaltreatiesenteredintoforceina0-29(best)ConservationofNaturecountry,outofthe29existinginternationalenvironmental(IUCN),Environmentaltreaties.These29treatiesare:1.ParisAgreement,2.MinamataLawCentreELISConventiononMercury,3.NagoyaProtocolonAccesstoTreatyDatabaseGeneticResourcesandtheirFairandEquitableSharingofBenefitsArisingfromtheirUtilizationtotheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,4.Nagoya-KualaLumpurSupplementaryProtocolonLiabilityandRedresstotheCartagenaProtocolonBiosafety,5.InternationalTropicalTimberAgreement2006,6.InternationalTreatyonPlantGeneticResourcesforFoodandAgriculture,7.StockholmConventiononPersistentOrganicPollutants,8.ProtocolonPreparedness,ResponseandCo-operationtoPollutionIncidentsbyHazardousandNoxiousSubstances,9.CartagenaProtocolonBiosafetytotheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,10.RotterdamConventiononthePriorInformedConsentProcedureforCertainHazardousChemicalsandPesticidesinInternationalTrade,11.KyotoProtocoltotheUnitedNationsFramework,12.ConventiononClimateChangeConventionontheLawoftheNon-NavigationalUsesofInternationalWatercourses,13.AgreementfortheImplementationoftheProvisionsoftheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSeaof10December1982relatingtotheConservationandManagementofStraddlingFishStocksandHighlyMigratoryFishStocks,14.AgreementrelatingtotheImplementationofPartXIoftheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSeaof10December1982,15.UnitedNationsConventiontoCombatDesertificationinthoseCountriesExperiencingSeriousDroughtand/orDesertification,particularlyinAfrica,16.ConventiononBiologicalDiversity,17.UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,18.InternationalConventiononOilPollutionPreparedness,ResponseandCo-operation,19.BaselConventionontheControlofTransboundaryMovementsofHazardousWastesandtheirDisposal,20.MontrealProtocolonSubstancesthatDepletetheOzoneLayer,21.ViennaConventionfortheProtectionoftheOzoneLayer,22.UnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea,23.ConventionontheConservationofMigratorySpeciesofWildAnimals,24.InternationalConventionforthePreventionofPollutionfromShips(MARPOL)asmodifiedbytheProtocolof1978(MARPOL73/78),25.ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFlora,26.ConventiononthePreventionofMarinePollutionbyDumpingofWastesandOtherMatter,27.ConventionconcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage,28.ConventiononWetlandsofInternationalImportanceespeciallyasWaterfowlHabitat,29.InternationalConventionfortheRegulationofWhaling.TheindicatorreflectsthesituationoftreatiesenteredintoforceasofJuly2023.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024276TABLEB5NormalizationIdIndicatorNormalizationfloorNormalizationceilingNormalizationsetupA1.1Availabilityoftalent,1-7(best)17A1.2Educationquantity,0-4.5(best)04.5NaturalA1.3Digitalandtechnologytalent,1-7(best)17Manual:Avalueof4.5correspondsto100about16yearsofschooling,thetimetoA2.1Mobilenetworkcoverage,%pop.02280completeanundergraduateuniversity7degreeinmostcountries.A2.2ICTcapital,USDpercapita0NaturalA2.3Innovativeprovisionofbasicgoodsandservices:1NaturalManual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.Natural1-7(best)A3.1Longterm,ventureandSMEfinanceavailability,17Natural1-7(best)A3.2Digitalpayments,%adultpop.0100Natural163Manual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.A3.3Domesticcredittoprivatesector,%GDP07Natural7NaturalA4.1Businesscultureandcompetition,1-7(best)118.023Manual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.65.6Manual:Setto99thpercentilevalue.A4.2Stateofclusterdevelopment,1-7(best)15Manual:Higherthan99thpercentile(3.63)andsligthlyaboveKorea.A4.3Exportsofadvancedservices,%GDP01300Manual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.14.9Manual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.A4.4Mediumandhightech,%manufacturingv.a.0A4.5Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure,%ofGDP0A4.6Scientificpublications,hindex0A4.7Knowledge-intensiveemployment,%total0employmentA4.8Patentapplications,total020000Manual:Roundedaftertop4countries.13.976Manual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.A4.9Trademarksapplications,per1,000pop.02.5Natural7NaturalA5.1Regulatoryquality,-2.5/+2.5(best)-2.57Natural7NaturalA5.2Humancapitalinpublicsector,1-7(best)1100Natural100NaturalA5.3Policyvisionandstability,1-7(best)1100Natural50Manual:Setto50(slightlyabovetheB1.1Inclusioninworkforce,1-7(best)1mostequalcountries).50Manual:100representsperfectequality.B1.2Universalhealthcoverage,0-100(best)257Natural7NaturalB1.3Lackofsocialprotection,%pop0100NaturalB1.4Genderparityinlabourforce,0-1(best)25B1.5Inequalityineducation,0-100(highlyunequal)0B1.6Incomedistribution,%sharebottom500B1.7Socialmobility,1-7(best)1B2.1Accesstotransportandhousing,1-7(best)1B2.2Householdfinancialsecurity,%adultpop.0TheFutureofGrowthReport2024277TABLEB5NormalizationIdIndicatorNormalizationfloorNormalizationceilingNormalizationsetupB2.3Healthydietunaffordability,%pop.0100NaturalB2.4Individualsusingtheinternet,%pop.25100NaturalB2.5Accesstosafedrinking-water,%pop.16.284100Manual:Lowerboundsetto5thpercentile.UpperboundsettofullB3.4Ruralelectricitygap,%urban01access(100).50NaturalB3.1Wealthinequality,bottom50%share07Manual:100representsperfectequality.100NaturalB3.2Accesstofinancialservices,1-7(best)117.63Natural100Manual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.B3.3Accesstobankaccountsandsaving,%adultpop.0NaturalB4.1ICTcost,%ofGNIpercapita0B4.2Genderparityinknowledge-intensiveoccupations,00-100(best)B4.3Inclusioninpositionofleadership,1-7(best)17NaturalB5.1Civilrights,0-60(high)060NaturalB5.2Politicalparticipation,0-1(best)01NaturalB5.3Inclusioninpublicspace,0-1(best)01NaturalB5.4Equalopportunityinpublicsector,1-7(best)17NaturalB5.5Budgetpluralism,0-4(mostpluralistic)04NaturalC1.1Talentforgreenandenergytransition,1-7(best)17NaturalC1.2Buyersophisticationonenvironmentandnature,17Natural1-7(best)C2.1Biodiversityintactness,0-1mostintact01Natural15C2.2Annualgreenhousegasemissions,tnCO2equiv.0100Setslightlybelowgroupoflargestpercap.1emitters.1350.11NaturalC2.3Renewableenergyconsumption,%total00.7190.852Manual:Alignedtosource's(EPI)C2.4Agriculturalenvironmentaldamage,0-1(worst)03000threshold.15Manual:Setto99thpercentilevalues.C2.5Totalwaterwithdrawal,m3percapita/year19.867100C2.6Totalwaste,tonspercapita/year0.1062100Manual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.C3.1Investmentinrenewableenergy,%GDP02000C4.1Greenpatents,total050Manual:Setto95thpercentilevalue.C4.2Environmentaltechnologytrade,%totaltrade0Manual:Roundedslightlybeforetop4countries.C5.1Energyefficiencyregulation,0-100(best)0Manual:About15%abovehighestvalue.C5.2Renewableenergyregulation,0-100(best)0NaturalC5.3Fossil-fuelsubsidies,percapita0NaturalD1.1Old-agedependency,ratio64+to15-640Manual:90thpercentilerounded.Manual:Upperbound(lowscore)setto50,slighltylowerthanJapan.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024278TABLEB5NormalizationIdIndicatorNormalizationfloorNormalizationceilingNormalizationsetupD1.2Fillvacanciesbyhiringforeignlabour,1-7(best)1717NaturalD1.3Investmentinreskilling,1-7(best)05012.5NaturalD1.4Participationinmid-careertraining,%25-54pop.054.8Manual:UpperboundsettohalfoftheD1.5Hospitalbeds,per1,000pop.1targetpopulation(cautioussetup).1D1.6Healthworkers,per10,000pop.011000Manual:Setto99thpercentilevalueto100preservegapbetweenJapan,KoreaD2.1Exportproductconcentration,0-1(highconc.)0100andrestofworld.D2.2Energysourcediversification,0-1(highconc.)0Manual:Upperboundsetto95thpercentile.D2.3Waterresources,m3percapita/year0NaturalD2.4Foodsupplyconcentration,%sharetopimporter0NaturalD2.5Commoditysupplyconcentration,%sharetop0Manual-setasfirstnon-outliercountry(Romania),roundedManual:Maximumscorefornetexporters(setat0).NaturalimporterD2.6Infrastructurequality,1-7(best)17NaturalD3.1Countrycreditrating,0-100(best)0100NaturalD3.2Bankconcentration,%totalassets15100Manual:Lowerboundslightlyabovehistoricallowestpoint.D3.3Financialsystemresilience,1-7(best)17NaturalD3.4Banksystemdefaultrisk,z-score060Manual:Setto60,about15%abovethecurrenthighestvaluebutstillbelowall-timehighest.D2.7Cybersecurityindex,0-100(best)0100NaturalD4.1Technologysupplyconcentration,%sharetop0100NaturalimporterD5.1Statelegitimacy,0-10(worst)010NaturalD5.2Socialpolarization,0-4(nopolariz.)04NaturalD5.3Politicalstability,-2.5/+2.5(best)-2.52.5NaturalD5.4Governmentadaptation,1-7(best)17NaturalD5.5Corruptionperceptionsindex,0-100(best)0100NaturalD5.6Ruleoflaw,-2.5/+2.5(best)-2.52.5NaturalD5.7Environmentaltreaties,0-29(best)029NaturalTheFutureofGrowthReport2024279ContributorsAttheWorldEconomicForumCentrefortheNewEconomyandSocietyProjectTeamJesseCaemmererMissionLead,EconomicGrowthandTransformationAengusCollinsHeadofMission,EconomicGrowthandTransformationRobertoCrottiInsightLead,EconomicGrowthandTransformationPhilippGrosskurthInsightLead,EconomicGrowthandTransformationKaterynaKarunskaInsightSpecialist,EconomicGrowthandTransformationTillLeopoldProjectManager,FutureofGrowthSriharshaMasabathulaSpecialist,EconomicGrowthandTransformationSaadiaZahidiManagingDirectorWeareextremelygratefultoourcolleaguesintheCentrefortheNewEconomyandSocietyfortheirsupport,especiallyto:AttilioDiBattistaandRickyLi.WearealsogratefultoMichaelFisherforhisexcellentcopyeditingworkandtoAccuratfortheiroutstandinggraphicdesignandlayoutofthereport,aswellasfortheiroutstandingworktocreatethereport’sprofilesandonlineDataExplorer.Formoreinformation,ortogetinvolved,pleasecontactcnes@weforum.org.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024280AcknowledgementsTheWorldEconomicForum’sCentrefortheNewEconomyandSocietyispleasedtoacknowledgeandthankthefollowingindividualsandorganizations,withoutwhosesupporttherealizationoftheFutureofGrowthReportwouldnothavebeenfeasible.GlobalFutureCouncilontheFutureofGrowthMasoodAhmed(Co-Chair)RobHornbyPresident,CenterforGlobalDevelopmentManagingDirectorandRegionHead,Europe,MiddleEastandAfrica,AlixPartnersLauraAlfaro(Co-Chair)WarrenAlpertProfessor,HarvardBusinessSchoolJinKeyuProfessorofEconomics,LondonSchoolofEsfandyarBatmanghelidjEconomicsandPoliticalScienceChiefExecutiveOfficer,Bourse&BazaarFoundationKumiKitamoriDeputyDirector,EnvironmentDirectorate,RoselyneChambrierOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandChiefExecutiveOfficer,AriseIntegratedIndustrialDevelopment(OECD)Platforms(AriseIIP)MohammadAliRashedLootahEraDabla-NorrisPresidentandChiefExecutiveOfficer,DubaiDeputyDirector,FiscalAffairsDepartment,ChambersInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)ChisomOkechukwuGalaDíazLangouSeniorProgramOfficer,PolicyandAdvocacy,AfricaExecutiveDirector,CIPPEC(CentrefortheRegion,Bill&MelindaGatesFoundationImplementationofPublicPoliciesforEquityandGrowth)ArunmaOtehMember,GlobalLeadershipCouncil,SaïdBusinessPaulDonovanSchool,UniversityofOxfordChiefEconomist,UBSGlobalWealthManagement,UBSGroupJan-WillemScheijgrondVice-President;GlobalHead,GovernmentandCarl-BenediktFreyPublicAffairs,RoyalPhilipsDirector,FutureofWork,OxfordMartinSchool,UniversityofOxfordStefanieStantchevaProfessorofEconomics,HarvardUniversityGeorgeGrayMolinaHead,InclusiveGrowth;ChiefEconomist,UnitedKelleeTsaiNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP)DeanofHumanitiesandSocialScience,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyRaviGurumurthyChiefExecutiveOfficer,NestaLauraD’AndreaTysonDistinguishedProfessoroftheGraduateSchool,KarenHarrisHaasSchoolofBusiness,UniversityofCalifornia,ManagingDirector,MacroTrendsGroup,Bain&BerkeleyCompanyTheFutureofGrowthReport2024281PartnerInstitutesAlbaniaBahrainInstituteforContemporaryStudies,TiranaBahrainEconomicDevelopmentBoardBusinessUniversityandCollegeKhalidHumaidan,ChiefExecutiveHeltonCevi,ProjectCoordinatorNadaAl-Saeed,ExecutiveDirectorArtanHoxha,PresidentofISBandAdministratorofRimaAlKilani,ExecutiveDirectorTBUFatemaAlatbi,SeniorExecutiveOltjonValisi,AssistantProjectCoordinatorSaraIshaq,SeniorExecutiveAlgeriaBangladeshCentredeRechercheEnEconomieAppliquéeCentreforPolicyDialogue-CPDPourLeDéveloppement-CREADDrFahmidaKhatun,ExecutiveDirectorYacineBelarbi,DirectorDrKhondakerGolamMoazzem,ResearchDirectorKhaledMenna,DirectorofMacroeconomicsandMsJebunnesa,ProgrammeAssociateEconomicIntegrationNishatTasnimAnika,ProgrammeAssociateAngolaBarbadosJobartisUniversityofWestIndiesJoãoFreitas,CountryManagerJonathanG.Lashley,SeniorFellowLuisVerdeja,DirectorDonMarshall,ProfessorKenishaChase,ResearchAssistantArgentinaIAEBusinessSchool,UniversidadAustralBeninEduardoFracchia,DirectorofAcademicInstitutdeRechercheEmpiriqueenEconomieDepartmentofEconomicsPolitique-IREEPMartinCalveira,ResearchEconomistLeonardWantchekon,PresidentStéphaniaHoungan,ResearchAssociateArmeniaEconomyandValuesResearchCenterBolivia(PlurinationalStateof),CostaRica,SevakHovhannisyan,BoardMemberandSeniorDominicanRepublic,ElSalvador,Honduras,AssociatePanamaINCAEBusinessSchoolAustralia,Belgium,Canada,Indonesia,Italy,RonaldArce,DirectorSweden,UnitedKingdom,UnitedStatesEnriqueBolaños,PresidentDynataThomasHuff,SeniorProjectManagerBosniaandHerzegovinaSteffenBott,VicePresident,SalesSchoolofEconomicsandBusiness,UniversityValentynaChuikina,AssociateAccountDirectorofSarajevoJasminaSelimovic,DeanAustriaZlatkoLagumdzija,ProfessorAustrianInstituteofEconomicResearch-WIFOAmraKapo,AssociateProfessorGabrielFelbermayr,DirectorMichaelPeneder,ProjectLeadBotswanaAlexandrosCharos,SurveyExpertBotswanaNationalProductivityCentreLetsogileBatsetswe,ResearchConsultantandBahamas,TheStatisticianTheGovernmentandPublicPolicyInstitute,ZeldaOkatch,InformationandResearchServicesUniversityoftheBahamasManagerZhivargoLaing,ExecutiveDirectorJacobMmola,ExecutiveDirectorJeannieD.Gibson,PolicyAssistantTheFutureofGrowthReport2024282BrazilCongo,DemocraticRepublicofFundaçãoDomCabralCongo-InvestConsultingCarlosArruda,ProfessorofInnovationandTezaBilaMinlangu,AdministratorCompetitivenessFailaTabuNgandi,ManagingDirectorHugoTadeu,ProfessorofInnovationBertinMuderhwa,HeadofServiceinchargeMiguelCosta,ResearchAssistantofStudiesandStatisticsattheFederationofRodrigoMorado,ResearchAssistantBusinessesofCongoBulgariaCôted’IvoireCenterforEconomicDevelopmentCentredePromotiondesInvestissementsenMariaProhaska,DirectorCôteD’ivoire-CEPICIIvalinaSimeonova,ProjectManagerSolangeAmichia,CEORamatouFall,DirectorofBusinessClimateCameroonSimonMeledje,HeadofPlanningandMonitoringCompétitivitéCameroonBernadineYebleN’Guessan,ResearchofficerHermannFotieIi,PermanentSecretaryTanankemBelmondoVoufo,ExpertInvestmentCyprusClimateCyprusEmployersandIndustryConfederationJeanBaptisteNsoeNkouli,Competitiveness-OEBObservatoryExpertAntonisFrangoudis,DirectorBusinessDevelopmentandEconomicAffairsDepartmentCapeVerdeBankofCyprusINOVEResearchKyriacosAntoniou,GovernanceOfficerFrantzTavares,ChiefExecutiveOfficerAndreasAlexandrou,ManagerStrategyandJerónimoFreire,ProjectManagerCustomerInsightsJúlioDelgado,DirectorCzechiaChadCMCGraduateSchoolofBusinessGroupedeRecherchesAlternativesEtdeTomášJanča,ExecutiveDirectorMonitoringDuProjetPétrole-Tchad-CamerounSimaelMbairassem,EconomistinchargeofDenmarkResearchandPublicPoliciesDanishTechnologicalInstituteMaoundonodjiGilbert,ManagingDirectorStigYdingSørensen,SeniorSpecialistAndreasBjerreLunkeit,ConsultantChileEcuadorUniversityAdolfoIbañezBusinessSchoolESPAEGraduateSchoolofManagement-RodrigoWagner,AssociateProfessorofFinanceESPOLSaraWong,ProfessorChinaTaniaTenesaca,ProjectCoordinatorDatawayHorizonXavierOrdeñana,DeanLinglingQiao,GeneralManagerYumingZhi,ResearchDirectorEgypt,ArabRep.ZhuyuYao,SeniorProjectManagerEgyptianCenterforEconomicStudies-ECESAblaAbdelLatif,ExecutiveDirector,andDirectorofColombiaResearchNationalPlanningDepartmentofColombiaSalmaBahaaElDin,SeniorEconomistJorgeIvanGonzalez,GeneralDirector,DepartmentAhmedMaged,ResearchAssistantofNationalPlanningHossamKhater,ResearchAssistantMonicaLorenaOrtizMedina,TechnicalDirector,MohamedKhater,ResearchAssistantInnovationandPrivateSectorDevelopmentSaraPatriciaRivera,Adviser,InnovationandPrivateEstoniaSectorDevelopmentEstonianInstituteofEconomicResearch-EKIMarjeJosing,DirectorTheFutureofGrowthReport2024283FinlandIcelandETLAResearchInstituteoftheFinnishTheIcelandicCentreforFutureStudiesEconomyKarlFriðriksson,ManagerDirectorAkiKangasharju,ManagingDirectorPäiviPuonti,HeadofForecastingIndiaVilleKaitila,ResearcherLeadCapKnowledgeSolutionsPvtLtd-LeadCapVenturesFranceSangeethVarghese,ManagingDirectorandCEOBusinessFranceVidyadharPrabhudesai,DirectorandCOOCassagnesLouise,EconomistMarciasManuel,HeadofService:EconomicstudiesIranIranChamberofCommerce,Industries,MinesGeorgiaandAgriculture-DeputyofEconomicAffairsGrigolRobakidzeUniversityZahraNaseri,DirectorofStatistics&EconomicalVakhtangCharaia,DeputyRectorinformationCentreTengizTaktakishvili,ExpertHanieZiadlou,SeniorResearchAnalystGiorgiTsutskiridze,ExpertMariamLashkhi,ProjectManagerIraqTSUCenterforAnalysisandForecastingBaghdadEconomicForumOtarAnguridze,HeadoftheBoardFarisRaheemAal-Salman,ChairmanoftheBoardofDirectorsGermanyThabitKadhimKhudhur,ViceChairmanoftheInstituteforInnovationandTechnologywithinBoardofDirectorstheVDI/VDEInnovation+TechnikGmbHMichaelNerger,ProjectLeaderIrelandIrishBusinessandEmployersConfederation-GhanaIBECAssociationofGhanaIndustriesGeraldineAnderson,HeadofResearchYawAdu-Gyamfi,PresidentSethTwum-Akwaboah,ChiefExecutiveOfficerIsraelJohnDefor,Direcctor,PolicyandResearchManufacturers’AssociationofIsrael-MAIRonTomer,PresidentGreeceRubyGinel,CEOSEVHellenicFederationofEnterprisesDanCatarivas,GeneralManager,ForeignTradeandMichaelMitsopoulos,Director-BusinessInternationalRelationsDivisionEnvironmentandRegulatoryAffairsItaiNakash,DeputyGeneralManager,ForeignAthanasiosPrintsipas,SeniorAdvisor-SEVTradeandInternationalRelationsDivisionBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopmentGuatemalaJamaicaFUNDESAMonaSchoolofBusinessandManagement-JuanCarlosPaiz,PresidentoftheBoardofMSBM,TheUniversityoftheWestIndies,MonaDirectorsDavidMcBean,ExecutiveDirectorJuanCarlosZapata,ChiefExecutiveOfficerDianeEdwards,DirectorFernandoSpross,AssociateResearcherYvetteCameron-Harris,ProjectAdministratorPriscillaGonzález,CorporateAffairsCoordinatorJamaicaPromotionsCorporation-JAMPROShuletteCox,VicePresident,Research,Advocacy,HongKongSAR,ChinaandProjectImplementationHongKongGeneralChamberofCommerceNationalCompetitivenessCouncilJamaicaSimonNgan,Director,PolicyandResearchSharifaPowell,ConsultantProjectManagerWilsonChong,SeniorEconomistJapanHungaryWasedaUniversityKOPINT-TÁRKIEconomicResearchLtdJusukeIkegami,ProfessorPeterVakhal,SeniorResearchAssociateMitsuyoTsubayama,CoordinatorÉvaPalócz,CEOShokoMiya,CoordinatorTheFutureofGrowthReport2024284JordanLesothoMinistryofPlanningandInternationalPrivateSectorFoundationofLesotho-PSFLCooperationThaboQhesi,CEOHadramAlFayez,DirectorBokangTsoanamatsie,PublicRelationsOfficerMiraMango,HeadofCompetitivenessandQothoaseKhofane,ResearcherBusinessEnvironmentDivisionLiberia,SierraLeoneKazakhstanGQRDOTCOMLimited-GQRCenterforStrategicInitiativesLPPOmodeleJones,ChiefExecutiveOfficerOlzhasKhudaibergenov,SeniorPartnerYerbolTulegenov,AssociatePartnerLithuaniaSymbatAliaskarova,ConsultantInnovationAgencyLithuaniaJoneKalendiene,HeadofResearchandAnalysisKenyaDivisionUniversityofNairobiIrenaKarelina,AnalystKarutiKanyinga,ResearchProfessorandDirector,IDSLuxembourgVincentMugo,ProjectAssistantIDSLuxembourgChamberofCommercePaulKamau,AssociateResearchProfessor,IDSChristelChatelain,HeadofEconomicAffairsSidonieParis,EconomistKorea,Rep.AnthonyVilleneuve,EconomistKoreaDevelopmentInstituteInhoSong,ExecutiveDirector,EconomicMalawiInformationandEducationCenterMalawiConfederationofChambersofJooheeCho,Head,PublicOpinionAnalysisUnitCommerceandIndustryBoyoungHan,SeniorReseachAssociate,PublicChancellorKaferapanjira,ChiefExecutiveOpinionAnalysisUnitMadalitsoKazembe,Director,BusinessEnvironmentandPolicyAdvocacyKosovo,NorthMacedoniaManfredMaguru,EconomicAnalystEconomicChamberofNorth-WestMacedoniaChancyMkandawire,EconomicAnalystDrilonIseni,ExecutiveDirectorDurimZekiri,OperationsManagerMalaysiaMirandaAjdini,LegalassociateMalaysiaProductivityCorporation(MPC)ZahidIsmail,DirectorGeneralKuwaitWanFazlinNadiaWanOsman,DirectorProductivityKuwaitUniversity&CompetitivenessDevelopmentDivisionFahadAl-Rashid,CommitteeChairAdelAl-Husainan,CommitteeMemberMaliMajedJamalAl-Deen,CommitteeMemberMaliAppliedandTheoreticalEconomicsResearchGroup-GREATKyrgyzRepublicMassaCoulibaly,ExecutiveDirectorEconomicPolicyInstituteWéléFatoumataBintaSow,ResearcherMaratTazabekov,ChairmanBadiéguéDiallo,AdministrativeandFinancialAssistantLaoPDREnterpriseandDevelopmentConsultantsCo.MaltaLtd-EDCCompetitiveMalta-FoundationforNationalBuakhaiPhimmavong,ManagingPartnerCompetitivenessThipphasoneInthachack,OfficeAdministratorAdrianSaid,AssociateMatthewCastillo,AssociateLatviaStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinRigaMauritiusArnisSauka,HeadoftheCentreforSustainableEconomicDevelopmentBoardDevelopmentSanroySeechurn,HeadofDepartmentKenPoonoosamy,CEODooshalaRamjutun-Ramlaul,ManagerTheFutureofGrowthReport2024285MexicoOmanInstitutoMexicanoparalaCompetitividad-NationalCompetitivenessOffice-NCOIMCODrSalimAbdullahAlShaikh,ActingChiefofNCOValeriaMoy,GeneralDirectorJuhainaSalehAlBalushi,EconomicResearcherIvaniaMazari,ProgramManagerJawaherSultanAlHabsi,BusinessAnalystMinistryoftheEconomyJorgeEduardoArreolaCavazos,GeneralDirectorPakistanforCompetitivenessandCompetitionMishalPakistanCarlosRubénAltamiranoMárquez,DirectorAmirJahangir,ChiefExecutiveOfficerFernandoTonatiuhParraCalvo,UnderdirectorforPurueshChaudhary,DirectorCompetitivenessAmnaSabahatBhutta,DirectorMongoliaParaguayOpenSocietyForum-OSFParaguayanFoundationforCooperationandErdenejargalPerenlei,ExecutiveDirectorDevelopmentOyunbadamDavaakhuu,ProgramManagerMartinBurt,CEOLuisFernandoSanabria,CEOMontenegroSolUrbieta,ManagementAssistantTheInstituteforStrategicStudiesandPrognoses-ISSPPeruMajaDrakicGrgur,ProjectCoordinatorIndustrialDevelopmentCenteroftheNationalVeselinVukotic,PresidentSocietyofIndustriesLuisTenorio,ExecutiveDirectorMoroccoMariaElenaBaraybar,ProjectAssistantThePolicyCentrefortheNewSouthBenoniSanchez,HeadofSystemsDrKarimElAynaoui,ExecutivePresidentAsmaaTahraoui,SeniorKnoweldgeManagerPhilippinesAbdelaazizAitAli,HeadEconomicsResearchMakatiBusinessClub-MBCDepartmentRoxanneLu,ProgramsDirectorTrishaTeope,ForeignProgramsOfficerNamibiaInstituteforPublicPolicyResearch-IPPRPolandNdapunikwaFikameni,ResearchAssociateNationalBankofPolandSalmiShigwedha,ResearchAssociatePiotrBoguszewski,EconomicAdvisorGrahamHopwood,DirectorPiotrSzpunar,DirectorNepalPortugalCompetitivenessandDevelopmentInstitute-BusinessAdministratorsForum-FAECODEPauloCarmona,PresidentDrRameshC.Chitrakar,ProjectDirector/CountryMarianaMarquesdosSantos,MemberoftheCoordinatorBoardAbhinandanBaniya,AssociateTeamMemberPROFORUMAssociationfortheDevelopmentMenakaShrestha,TeamMemberofEngineeringIlidioDeAyalaSerôdio,Vice-PresidentNetherlandsHelenaRoquette,SecretaryAmsterdamCentreforBusinessInnovation,UniversityofAmsterdamQatarHenkVolberda,DirectorandProfessorQatariBusinessmenAssociation-QBARickHollen,SeniorResearchAssociateFaisalBinQassimAlThani,ChairmanRoosExterkate,ResearchAssistantIssaAbdullSalamAbuIssa,SecretaryGeneralSarahAbdallah,DeputyGeneralManagerNigeriaMariaJusay,ExecutiveSecretaryNigerianEconomicSummitGroup-NESGLaoyeJaiyeola,ChiefExecutiveOfficerDrOlusegunOmisakin,DirectorofResearchandDevelopmentSodikOlofin,EconomistTheFutureofGrowthReport2024286RomaniaSouthAfricaAssociationforWomenEntrepreneurshipBusinessUnitySouthAfricaDevelopment-ADAFTysonThamsanqaSibanda,EconomicPolicyTheChamberofCommerceandIndustryofManagerRomaniaOlivierSerrao,EconomicPolicyExecutiveDirectorRotaruCornelia,PresidentCasCoovadia,ChiefExecutiveOfficerRotaruGela,BusinessAnalystSavuCristina,CommunicationExpertSpainIESEBusinessSchoolRwandaPascualBerrone,Professor,DirectoroftheRwandaDevelopmentBoardInternationalCenterforCompetitivenessDelphineUwase,Ag.HeadofStrategyandMaríaLuisaBlázquez,ResearchAssociateCompetitivenessDepartmentKennedyKalisa,StrategyAnalystSriLankaRichardKayibanda,Ag.ChiefStrategyandInstituteofPolicyStudiesofSriLanka-IPSComplianceOfficerKithminaHewage,ResearchEconomistTharinduUdayanga,ResearchAssistantSaudiArabiaAlfaisalUniversitySwitzerlandMohammedKafaji,ViceDeanforQualityAssuranceUniversityofSt.Gallen,CenterforFinancialandAccreditationServicesInnovationNationalCompetitivenessCentreTobiasTrütsch,ManagingDirectorEimanHabbasAl-Mutairi,CEOoftheNationalCompetitivenessCentreTaiwan,ChinaWaleedAl-Rudaian,DeputyCEOoftheNationalTaiwanInstituteofEconomicResearchCompetitivenessCentreChen,Yi-Man,ResearchFellowSalmanAl-Tukhaifi,GeneralmanagerTsuo,I-Chun,AssistantResearchFellowAbdulrahmanM.Al-Ghamdi,ProjectManagerTanzaniaSenegalREPOALtdUniversitéCheikhAntaDiopofDakarDonaldMmari,ExecutiveDirectorThiernoThioune,DirecteurduCentredeLucasKatera,DirectorofCollaborationsandRecherchesEconomiquesAppliquéesCapacityBuildingCornelJahari,ResearcherandFieldManagerSerbiaFoundationfortheAdvancementofEconomicsThailand-FRENChulalongkornBusinessSchoolAleksandarRadivojević,CoordinatorKanyarat(Lek)Sanoran,AssociateProfessorandDejanMolnar,DirectorAssistantDeanforAdministrationofDean’sOfficeWilertPuriwat,ProfessorandDeanSingaporeNatKulvanich,AssistantProfessorandAssistantSingaporeEconomicDevelopmentBoardDeanforPlanning&DevelopmentAffairsChengWaiSan,DirectorandHeadTeoXinyu,ExecutiveOfficer,SeniorTrinidadandTobagoArthurLokJackGlobalSchoolofBusinessSlovakRepublicRaynardoHassanally,AlumniRelationsCoordinatorBusinessAllianceofSlovakia-PASBalrajKistow,ProgrammeDirectorPeterSerina,ExecutiveDirectorRonSookram,AcademicCoordinatorRobertKičina,MemberoftheBoardSloveniaTunisiaInstituteforEconomicResearchInstitutArabedesChefsd’EntreprisesPeterStanovnik,ProfessorMajdiHassen,ExecutiveDirectorSonjaUršič,SeniorResearchAssistantHagerKARAA,HeadofStudiesDepartmentUniversityofLjubljana,FacultyofEconomicsMatejaDrnovšek,FullProfessorTheFutureofGrowthReport2024287TürkiyeVenezuela(BolivarianRepublicof)TÜSIAD,SabanciUniversityCompetitivnessVenezuelanCouncilforInvestmentPromotionForum-REFJennynOsorio,EconomicsAffairsManagerEsraDurceylanKaygusuz,DirectorJorgeGarcía,BusinessIntelligenceManagerSezenUğurluSum,ProjectSpecialistVietNamUkraineHoChiMinhCityInstituteforDevelopmentCASEUkraine,CenterforSocialandEconomicStudies-HIDSResearchTranHoangNgan,DirectorDmytroBoyarchuk,ExecutiveDirectorTrieuThanhSon,HeadofResearchManagementVladimirDubrovskiy,LeadingEconomistNguyenManhQuan,ResearcherOksanaKuziakiv,SeniorAdviserYemen,Rep.UnitedArabEmiratesYemeniBusinessClub-YBCFederalCompetitivenessandStatisticsCentreFathiAbdulwaseHayelSaeed,ChairmanHananAhli,DirectorGeneralofFederalGhadeerAhmedAlmaqhafi,ExecutiveDirectorCompetitivenessandStatisticsCentreSafaAbdullahAlsayaghi,ProjectsManagerRashedAbdulkarimAlBlooshi,UndersecretaryofDepartmentofEconomicDevelopment,AbuDhabiZambiaUniversityofZambiaUruguayJosephSimbaya,DirectorUniversidadORTUruguayChitaluChamaChiliba,AssistantDirectorandIsidoroHodara,ProfessorSeniorResearchFellowBrunoGili,ProfessorPatriciaFunjika,ResearchFellowFedericoMonetti,ProfessorZimbabweUzbekistanNationalCompetitivenessCommissionWestminsterInternationalUniversityinPhillipPhiri,ExecutiveDirectorTashkent(WIUT)BrightonShayanewako,Director,CompetitivenessBakhromMirkasimov,RectorDouglasMuzimba,ChiefEconomist,InternationalMaksimKim,DirectorofCenterforProfessionalandCompetitivenessLifelongEducationElizabethMagwaza,EconomistTheFutureofGrowthReport2024288Endnotes1.WorldHealthOrganization(WHO),WHOCoronavirus(COVID-19)Dashboard,https://covid19.who.int/,accessed15December2023;Chun,Sumin,KarmenNaidooandNelsonSobrinho,TheImpactoftheIMF’sCOVID-19SupporttoDevelopingandEmergingEconomies,Washington,DC:InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),2022,https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2022/261/article-A001-en.xml.2.Mahler,DanielGerszon,DanielNishantYonzan,RuthHill,ChristophLakner,HaoyuWuandNobuoYoshida,“Pandemic,prices,andpoverty”,DataBlog,13April2022,https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/pandemic-prices-and-poverty.3.UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,Technicaldialogueofthefirstglobalstocktake:Synthesisreportbytheco-facilitatorsonthetechnicaldialogue,8September2023,https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/sb2023_09_adv.pdf.4.Edelman,2023EdelmanTrustBarometerGlobalReport,2023,https://edl.mn/3X0QXQE.5.Rodrik,Dani,“GoodbyeWashingtonConsensus,HelloWashingtonConfusion?AReviewoftheWorldBank’sEconomicGrowthinthe1990s:LearningfromaDecadeofReform”,JournalofEconomicLiterature,vol.ILIV,2006,pp.973-987,https://drodrik.scholar.harvard.edu/files/dani-rodrik/files/goodbye_washington_consensus_.pdf.6.WorldEconomicForum,DashboardforaNewEconomy:TowardsaNewCompassforaPost-CovidRecovery,October2020,https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Dashboard_for_a_New_Economy_2020.pdf.7.WorldInequalityLab,“Chapter2:GlobalInequalityfrom1820toNow”,WorldInequalityReport2022,2022,https://wir2022.wid.world/category/chapter-2/.8.Ferguson,ThomasandServaasStorm,“Centralbanksraisinginterestratesmakeithardertofighttheclimatecrisis,”Guardian,6May2023.9.Batista,Luciana,“Retailsustainabilitystrategieslagasinflationthreatenstopauseinvestmentandslowconsumerinterest,”Bain&Company,26October2022,https://www.bain.com/about/media-center/press-releases/2022/retail-sustainability-strategies-lag-as-inflation-threatens-to-pause-investment-and-slow-consumer-interest--bain--company-analysis/.10.“Aretherelimitstoeconomicgrowth?It’stimetocalltimeona50-yearargument,”Nature,16March2022,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00723-1.11.Roser,Max,“Whatiseconomicgrowth?Andwhyisitsoimportant?”,OurWorldinData,13May2021,https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth.12.TheEconomist,Howmisfiringenvironmentalismrisksharmingtheworld’spoor,29June2023,https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/06/29/how-misfiring-environmentalism-risks-harming-the-worlds-poor.13.OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),“ExecutiveSummary”,In:InItTogether:WhyLessInequalityBringsUsTogether,Paris:OECD,2015,https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/employment/in-it-together-why-less-inequality-benefits-all_9789264235120-en#page17.14.Grigoli,Francesco,“ANewTwistintheLinkBetweenInequalityandEconomicDevelopment”,IMFBlog,11May2017,https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2017/05/11/a-new-twist-in-the-link-between-inequality-and-economic-development.15.Ebeke,ChristianandShekharAiyar,“Themissinglinkbetweenincomeinequalityandeconomicgrowth:Inequalityofopportunity”,CentreforEconomicPolicyResearch,3April2019,https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/missing-link-between-income-inequality-and-economic-growth-inequality-opportunity.16.TheWorldBank,NewWorldBankReportAssessesSourcesofInequalityinFiveCountriesinSouthernAfrica[Pressrelease],9March2022,https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/03/09/new-world-bank-report-assesses-sources-of-inequality-in-five-countries-in-southern-africa.17.Juhász,R.,N.LaneandDaniRodrik,TheNewEconomicsofIndustrialPolicy,Cambridge:HarvardUniversityPress,2023;Cherif,RedaandFuadHasanov,TheReturnofthePolicyThatShallNotBeNamed:PrinciplesofIndustrialPolicy,IMFWorkingPaperNo.2019/074,InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),2019,https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2019/03/26/The-Return-of-the-Policy-That-Shall-Not-Be-Named-Principles-of-Industrial-Policy-46710.18.Galston,William,“EfficiencyIsn’ttheOnlyEconomicVirtue,”WallStreetJournal,10March2020,https://www.wsj.com/articles/efficiency-isnt-the-only-economic-virtue-11583873155.19.Martin,Roger,“TheHighPriceofEfficiency,”HarvardBusinessReview,February2019,https://hbr.org/2019/01/the-high-price-of-efficiency.20.ReevesMartin,etal.,“Resiliencevs.Efficiency:CalibratingtheTradeoff,”BCGHendersonInstitute,19December2020,https://bcghendersoninstitute.com/resilience-vs-efficiency-calibrating-the-tradeoff/.21.WorldEconomicForum,ChiefEconomistOutlook,2024.22.InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),CrisisUponCrisis:IMFAnnualReport2022,2023.23.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO),Tradeinservicesfordevelopment–fosteringsustainablegrowthandeconomicdiversification,2023,https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/trade_in_serv_devpt_e.htm.24.UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD),UNCTADStat,DataCentre,https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx,accessed15December2023.TheFutureofGrowthReport202428925.OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),“Digital-intensiveservicesvalueaddedembodiedinmanufacturingexportsasashareofmanufacturingexportvalue”,OECDGoingDigitalTookit,https://goingdigital.oecd.org/en/indicator/70,accessed15December2023.26.WorldEconomicForum,TheFutureofJobsReport2023,2023.27.Jalles,JoaoTovarandLuizdeMello,“Pursuinginclusivegrowth”,CentreforEconomicPolicyResearch,22October2020,https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/pursuing-inclusive-growth.28.EbekeandAiyar,2019.29.JallesanddeMello,2020.30.WorldInequalityLab,2022.31.UNICEFOfficeofResearchInnocenti,AnUnfairStart:InequalityinChildren’sEducationinRichCountries,2018,https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/an-unfair-start-inequality-children-education_37049-RC15-EN-WEB.pdf.32.Baduel,Benedicte,AselIsakovaandAnnaTer-Martirosyan,“GenerationalAspectsofInclusiveGrowth”,IMFWorkingPapers,vol.2021,issue072,InternationalMonetaryFund,2021,https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2021/072/001.2021.issue-072-en.xml.33.OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),AllonBoard:MakingInclusiveGrowthHappen,2014,https://www.oecd.org/inclusive-growth/All-on-Board-Making-Inclusive-Growth-Happen.pdf.34.Castelló-Climent,Amparo,Educationandeconomicgrowth,UNESCO,2014,https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000225948.35.EuropeanCommission,Employment,SocialAffairs,andInclusion:InclusiveLaborMarkets,https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1134&langId=en,accessed15December2023.36.McKinsey&Company,Thecaseforinclusivegrowth,28April2021,https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/the-case-for-inclusive-growth,basedon:Chang-Tai,Hsieh,etal.,“TheAllocationofTalentandUSEconomicGrowth”,Econometrica,vol87,no.5,2019,pp.1439-1474.37.Seefrompage10of;UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs(UNDESA),2018ReportontheWorldSocialSituation,2018.38.OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),CanSocialProtectionbeanEngineforInclusiveGrowth?,2019,https://www.oecd.org/dev/inclusive-societies-development/can-social-protection-be-an-engine-for-inclusive-growth.pdf.39.Gentilini,Ugo,“Tenlessonsfromthelargestscaleupofcashtransfersinhistory”,Let’sTalkDevelopmentBlog,13July2022,https://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/ten-lessons-largest-scale-cash-transfers-history.40.WorldEconomicForum,NatureRiskRising:WhytheCrisisEngulfingNatureMattersforBusinessandtheEconomy,2020.41.WorldMeteorologicalOrganization,WMOGlobalAnnualtoDecadalClimateUpdate:Targetyears:2023-2027,2023,https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789210027939.42.SwissRe,Theeconomicsofclimatechange:noactionnotanoption,2021,www.swissre.com/dam/jcr:e73ee7c3-7f83-4c17-a2b8-8ef23a8d3312/swiss-re-institute-expertise-publication-economics-of-climate-change.pdf.43.Vaden,T.,etal.,“Decouplingforecologicalsustainability:Acategorizationandreviewofresearchliterature,”EnvironmentalScienceandPolicy,2July2022;andEuropeanEnvironmentalBureau,DecouplingDebunked:EvidenceandArgumentsAgainstGreenGrowthasaSoleStrategyforSustainability,July2019.44.EuropeanEnvironmentalBureau,2019.45.Vaden,etal.,2022;EuropeanEnvironmentalBureau,2019.46.UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD),WorldInvestmentReport2023,2023.47.InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),NetZeroby2050:ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector,2021,https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050.48.Ibid.49.UNCTAD,2023.50.Ingeneralterms,ourGrowthPathwayArchetypesareidentifiedinthreesteps.Inthefirststep,the107countriesassessedinthisreportaregrouped—usinghierarchicalclusteringfollowingWard’smethod—inawaythatallowsfortheidentificationoftheclosestfitbetweenindividualcountriesbasedontheFutureofGrowthFramework’sfourpillarsaswellascountries’five-yearGDPpercapitagrowthaverage.Wesettlefor12countryclusterstoachieveabalancebetweenclustersize,clusterfitandstructuralhomogeneity.Inthesecondstep,eachcountrycluster’saveragegrowthandInnovativeness,Inclusiveness,SustainabilityandResiliencepillarscoresarecomputedbasedontheunderlyingcountryscoresineachcluster.TheseclusterscoresarethensubtractedfromtheFutureofGrowthFramework’sglobalpillarscores,highlightingeachcluster’spillarperformancerelativetotheirglobalaverage.Inthethirdandfinalstep,clustersarefurthergroupedintosevendistinctarchetypes,basedoncommonpatternsinthesignsandmagnitudesoftheirrelativepillarperformances.Forinstance,bothcountrycluster2and4featureslightlyaboveaveragescoresonInnovativeness,InclusivenessandResilience,andslightlybelowaveragescoresonSustainability.TheyarethereforecategorizedtogetherasacommonGrowthPathwayArchetype.Oneofthe12clustersconsistedofthreecountries–Angola,VenezuelaandYemen–whicharecharacterizedbytheiratypicalpillarperformanceasnegativeoutliers.Giventhepeculiaritiesofcountriesinthisgroupitwasnotincludedinthefurtheranalysis.TheFutureofGrowthReport2024290TheWorldEconomicForum,committedtoimprovingthestateoftheworld,istheInternationalOrganizationforPublic-PrivateCooperation.TheForumengagestheforemostpolitical,businessandotherleadersofsocietytoshapeglobal,regionalandindustryagendas.WorldEconomicForum91–93routedelaCapiteCH-1223Cologny/GenevaSwitzerlandTel.:+41(0)228691212Fax:+41(0)227862744contact@weforum.orgwww.weforum.org

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