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Research on the Setting of Temporary Loading/Unloading

Zones for New Energy Logistics Vehicles in Chancheng

District of Foshan, Guangdong Province, P.R. China

Implemented by Supported by

based on a decision of the German Bundestag

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As a federally owned enterprise, GIZ supports the German Government in

achieving its objectives in the ﬁeld of international cooperation for sustainable

development.

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Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

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E transition-china@giz.de

https://transition- china.org/mobility

■ Project

Sino-German Cooperation on Low Carbon Transport (CLCT)

e CLCT project is part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI).

Since 2022, the IKI is implemented by the Federal Ministry for Economic

Aﬀairs and Climate Action (BMWK) in close cooperation with the Federal

Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and

Consumer Protection (BMUV) and the Federal Foreign Oﬃce (AA).

■ Responsible

Sebastian Ibold (GIZ)

E transition-china@giz.de

https://transition- china.org/mobility

■ Authors

Nanjing Institute of City & Transport Planning Co., Ltd.

Xiaozhou He, Tao Yang, Peng Liu, Chaoping Liu, Haoxuan Fan, Qianwen Ye

■ Editors

GIZ

Dr Xuan Ling, Sebastian Ibold, Gregor Bauer, Mingshu Yang, Xinghao Lou

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Beijing team orca culture and Art Co., Ltd

Xin Hu (GIZ)

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ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNewEnergyLogisticsVehiclesinChanchengDistrictofFoshan,GuangdongProvince,P.R.ChinaImplementedbySupportedbybasedonadecisionoftheGermanBundestagImprintAsafederallyownedenterprise,GIZsupportstheGermanGovernmentinachievingitsobjectivesinthefieldofinternationalcooperationforsustainabledevelopment.■PublishedbyDeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbHRegisteredofficesBonnandEschborn,Germany■AddressTayuanDiplomaticOfficeBuilding2-514LiangmaheSouthStreet,ChaoyangDistrict100600,Beijing,PRChinaT+86-(0)10-85275589F+86-(0)10-85275591Etransition-china@giz.dehttps://transition-china.org/mobility■ProjectSino-GermanCooperationonLowCarbonTransport(CLCT)TheCLCTprojectispartoftheInternationalClimateInitiative(IKI).Since2022,theIKIisimplementedbytheFederalMinistryforEconomicAffairsandClimateAction(BMWK)inclosecooperationwiththeFederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureConservation,NuclearSafetyandConsumerProtection(BMUV)andtheFederalForeignOffice(AA).■ResponsibleSebastianIbold(GIZ)Etransition-china@giz.dehttps://transition-china.org/mobility■AuthorsNanjingInstituteofCity&TransportPlanningCo.,Ltd.XiaozhouHe,TaoYang,PengLiu,ChaopingLiu,HaoxuanFan,QianwenYe■EditorsGIZDrXuanLing,SebastianIbold,GregorBauer,MingshuYang,XinghaoLou■LayoutBeijingteamorcacultureandArtCo.,LtdXinHu(GIZ)■PhotocreditsAdobestock/elenabst(coverpage)Unsplash/NELV_Saklakova(P7)Unsplash/Ant-rozetsky-lr9vo8mNvrc(P12)Baidu/(P22)Pixabay/FreightLogistic(P32)GIZ/HuXin(P69)■MapsThemapsprintedhereareintendedonlyforinformationpurposesandinnowayconstituterecognitionunderinternationallawofboundariesandterritories.GIZacceptsnoresponsibilityforthesemapsbeingentirelyuptodate,correctorcomplete.Allliabilityforanydamage,directorindirect,resultingfromtheiruseisexcluded.■URLlinksResponsibilityforthecontentofexternalwebsiteslinkedinthispublicationalwayslieswiththeirrespectivepublishers.GIZexpresslydissociatesitselffromsuchcontent.Beijing,2022ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVContent■ExecutiveSummary6■1Overview61.1Background71.2Objectives91.3ResearchObjectivesandDefinitionsofKeyTerms101.4TechnicalProcesses10■2CaseStudies112.1DomesticCases122.1.1Suzhou122.1.2Changsha132.1.3Chengdu122.1.4Hengshui132.1.5Shenzhen122.1.6Luzhou132.1.7Analysisofdomesticcases122.2InternationalCases122.2.1London,England122.2.2Paris,France132.2.3Valletta,Malta122.2.4Tokyo,Japan132.2.5NewYork,U.S.A.122.2.6Analysisofinternationalcases132.3Summary19■3StatusAnalysis203.1OverviewofUrbanDevelopment213.1.1Locationcharacteristics223.1.2Economicdevelopment273.2AnalysisontheStatusQuoofUrbanFreightDistributionDevelopment213.2.1Urbanfreightdistributiondemand223.2.2Urbanlogisticsvehicles273.2.3Measurestofacilitatethepassageofnewenergytrucks223.3DevelopmentStatusofTemporaryParkingofUrbanLogisticsVehicles223.3.1GeneralSituation223.3.2Temporaryloading/unloadingzonesinvariousareas273.4MainProblems292ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■4SettingMethodsandDemonstrationsofApplication394.1PlanningConcepts404.1.1Planningpositioning404.1.2Planningguidelines404.1.3ApplicationoftheSULPconcept444.2ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingzonesforNELVs404.2.1Scenarioanalysis,freightdemandsurveyandfieldobservations404.2.2ZoneSettingMethods404.2.3Designofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones444.2.4ManagementmethodsbasedontheSULPconcept474.3PilotApplication514.3.1HoulongFirstStreet514.3.2GaomiaoRoad524.3.3Implementation524.4BenefitEvaluation554.4.1Implementationeffectevaluation554.4.2EvaluationandProspects55■5SuggestionsonPoliciesandMeasures61■References753ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVExecutiveSummaryRecognizingtheimportanceoftheeaseofuseofconditions.Currently,domesticcitiespaymoreurbanlogisticsvehicles,andcurrentchallengesthatattentiontotheselectionoflocationsfortemporarytheyfacerelatingtoparking,thisstudyconsidersparkingzones,andinternationalcitiesplacemorethenewenergyvehicle(NEV)promotionneedsemphasisonthemanagementoflogisticsvehicleinurbanfreightsector,examinesthepotentialparkingsites.Internationalcitiesalsohavemoreofhavingdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforseverepenaltiesforillegalparkingthanthosethesevehicles,andfocusesonsolvingproblemsofimposedinChina.Citiesindevelopedcountriesparkingthemindifficultcontexts.Thestudyhaswerefoundtohaveconductedmorein-depthdevelopedascientificplanningmethodologyfortheplanningandresearchonlogisticsvehicleparkingdevelopmentofloading/unloadingzonesdedicatedthanthatconductedbyChinesecities,butacrossalltotheuseofnewenergylogisticsvehicles(NELVs),locations,itwasnotedthatthereisstillalackofin-includingtheselectionoftheirlocationandthedepthstudiesonthesettingoftemporaryloading/managementoftheirloading/unloadingspaces.TheunloadingzonesdedicatedforNELVs.studyusesChanchengDistrictinFoshanastheresearchsettingtoexaminetheschemeofdedicated2.Statusanalysisloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs,standardizetheparkingofurbanlogisticsvehicles,andhighlightThisstudyanalyzesthecurrentsituationofexistingpoliciesandmanagementstrategiesrelatingtotemporaryparkingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesNELVs,soastofurtherimprovetheconvenienceofinChanchengDistrictofFoshanCityandthetrafficpoliciesrelatingtourbanlogisticsvehicles,relevantpoliciesrelatedtotheiruse.Followingimprovetheoverallefficiencyoffreightdistributionfieldinvestigationsandanalysisofthestatusofsystems,alleviateurbantrafficcongestion,andtemporaryparkingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclespromotegreenlow-carbontransportation.TheinvarioustypesofareasinChanchengDistrict,studyfindingscanbeusedasareferenceforotherFoshanCity,itwasdeterminedthatthemaincitiesinChinatopromotetheirowninitiativesinexistingproblemsrelatingtotheiruseare:thesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles.●Issuesrelatingtolocationandmanagement:Thelocationofloading/unloadingzonesforlogisticsThemaincomponentsofthisstudyareasfollows:vehiclesneedstobeoptimized,andparkingmanagementmeasuresneedtobestrengthened.1.Casestudy●Issuesrelatingtoillegalbehavior:RandomThisstudyreviewednationalandinternational(illegal)parkingoflogisticsvehiclesiscommon,examplesofurbanlogisticsvehiclesparkingwhichaffectsroadtrafficsafetyandtravelplanningstrategiesandanalyzedtheprinciples,convenience.formsandmanagementpoliciesofthesettingoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforurban●Issuesrelatingtoeffectiveplanning:AscientificlogisticsvehiclesinChinaandabroad.andcomprehensivemethodforsettinguptemporaryloading/unloadingparkingzoneshasResearchfindingsrevealedthatbothdomesticnotyetbeenformed.andinternationalcitiesregulatedlogisticsvehiclebehaviors,suchasbythesettingofrestrictions3.Effectivemethodsforplanningthesettingandonparkingtimeandlocations,basedonlogisticsuseofdedicatedzonesvehicleparkingdemands,andtrafficandroadThisstudyadaptedtheconceptoftheSustainable4UrbanLogisticsPlanning(SULP),andthereforeResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVanalyzedthesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingLocationselectionofdedicatedloading/zonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesfromthecoreunloadingzones.Thesiteselectionmodelaspectsrelatedtothistheory,whichareoutlinedproposedbythisstudyisestablishedwiththegoalbelow.ofmaximizingmeetingtheneedsofdistributionparkingdemandsandminimizingcomprehensiveScenarioanalysis.Plansmustanalyzethenecessitycostsfromeachdedicatedloading/unloadingzone,andfeasibilityofsettingupdedicatedloading/bylocatingzonesinawaythattheymeettheunloadingzonesindifferentscenarios.Plannersrequirementsofeachstore.mustsummarizedifferencesrelatingtolanduse,shoptypesandroadconditions,andformamethodDesignofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones.ofanalysistousethisinformationtodeterminetheThedesignofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesnecessityandfeasibilityofdedicatedparkinglotsforNELVsmainlyconsidersthedevelopmentforloading/unloadingpurposesforeachuniquecharacteristicsandsizeofthesevehicles,theircontext.relevantspecificationsandstandards,andthesizeofexistingdistributionvehicleloading/unloadingDemandestimation.Thisstudyusestheconceptzones.ofdemandestimationtoevaluateparkingdemandsbasedontheamountoftimeneededforparkingtoManagementmeasures.Inordertoensuremeettheneedsofloading/unloadingrequirementsdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesareusedfornearbystoresandservices.Forexample,aexclusivelybyNELVsandtoimprovethecalculationwouldbemadeontheestimatedutilisationefficiencyofloading/unloadingzones,amountoftimeparkingspaceswouldbeusedcorrespondingmanagementmeasuresareproposedfortemporaryparkingandloading/unloadingintermsoftimeandspacemanagement,orderoperationsforbothon-roadloading/unloadingmanagement,andfeereductionpolicies.zonesoron-roadavailablespaces,basedonthedistributionrequirementsofstoresalongthestreet.Pilotimplementation.TwopilotareasinChanchengThestudyputsforwardacalculationmodelforDistrictwereselectedaslocationstodemonstrationdistributionparkingdemandthatcanbeusedtotheapplicationofthestudy’sproposedscientific,determinethisestimation.reasonableandeffectiveimplementationplanforthesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforCalculationofthenumberofdedicatedloading/NELVs.Partoftheresearchschemeshavealreadyunloadingzones.Thestudypresentsamethodbeenimplementedintwoselectedareas.ThepilotfordeterminingthenumberofzonesneededbyprogramsinHoulong1stStreetandGaomiaoRoadcorrelatingthefrequencyoftheuseofloading/havefacilitatedtheparkingoflogisticsvehicleswhichunloadingzonestooverallshopdemandinoneserveshopsalongthestreet,bystandardizingparkinggeographiclocation.Forexample,astartingorder,improvingloadingandunloadingefficiency,thresholdfortheminimumnumberofdedicatedandreducingrandomparkingonmotorwaysandloading/unloadingzonesneededwouldbenon-motorizedvehiclelanesbysettingupdedicateddeterminedbyseeingthefrequencyoftheuseofloadingzonesandcorrespondingtrafficsignsforazonebyshopsoverasetperiodoftime(suchasNELVs.agivenroadsectionbetween9:00to17:00seesatleast60usesofloading/unloadingzones,or4.Suggestionsforpoliciesandmeasuresduringthesametime,theshopsinthesectioneachneedtousethezoneaminimumof4times).TheThestudypresentsexecutablepoliciesandmeasurescalculationmodelforthismethodisproposedinfortherelevantdepartmentsoffreightdistributionfurtherdetailinthestudy.andstakeholderstofurtherimprovethesetting,5ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVimplementationandapplicationofloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs.Recommendationsmadefordecisionmakersmainlyconsiderdepartmentalcoordination,planningguidanceandpublicparticipation.Strengthendepartmentalcoordination.Thebureauoftransportationtogetherwiththetrafficmanagementbureau,urbanmanagementandlawenforcementsectors,communitiesandstreetrepresentativeshavesetupaworkinggroupforthesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles.Thegroupservestocoordinatezoneplanning,implementation,supervisionandlawenforcementefforts,whilealsoprovidingadynamicevaluationoftheseprocesses,includingcollectingandrespondingtofeedbackontheiroperation.Focusonplanningguidance.Toguideplanningprocesses,andensurehigh-qualitydevelopment,researchwillcontinuetobecarriedoutonspecialplansrelatingtourbangreenfreightdistribution,theplanningofdedicatedparkingzonesforurbanfreightdistributionvehicles,andspecificationsandstandardsforsettingupdedicatedparkingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles.Encouragepublicparticipation.Toensurepublicsupportfortheinitiative,publicawarenesscampaignsongreenfreightdistributionwillbelaunchedthroughmultiplechannels.Thesecampaignsservetoeducatethepublictoknowtheimportanceofregulationsrelatingtoloading/unloadingzones,andhowtheybenefittheircommunities,thereforemakingdistributionmodesmoreefficientandtheoverallmanagementofdistributionvehiclesandhandlingtoolsmoreacceptedandprofessional.61OverviewResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV1.1BackgroundprovideChinesepolicymakersandrelevantgovernmentalauthoritieswitheffectiveandefficientInSeptember2020,GeneralSecretaryXiJinpingimplementationstrategiestofurtherdevelopalowannouncedatthegeneraldebateofthe75thUnitedcarbontransportsectorinChina.AkeyobjectiveofNationsGeneralAssemblythatChinawillincreasetheCLCTprojectistopromotelow-carbonfreightanditsnationallydeterminedcontributions,adoptmorelogisticstransportationdevelopment.powerfulpoliciesandmeasures,aimtohavecarbondioxideemissionspeakby2030,andstrivetoachieveInresponsetothenationalgoalof“PeakingCarboncarbonneutralityby2060.TheOutlineofaNationalEmissionsandAchievingCarbonNeutrality”,andinMultidimensionalTransportNetworkissuedinFebruaryordertofulfilltherequirementsforUrbanGreenFreight2021proposedtoacceleratetheprocessofgreenandDistributionSystemDemonstrationProgram,thisstudylow-carbondevelopment,reducetheemissionsintensitythereforeproposestocarryoutresearchonthesettingofpollutantsandgreenhousegas,andreachthepeakofoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesfornewenergycarbondioxideemissionsinthetransportationsectorlogisticsvehicles(NELVs)inChanchengDistrict,Foshanassoonaspossible.Atpresent,thecarbonemissionsofCitybasedontheframeworkoftheCLCT.Takingthetransportationsectoraccountforabout11%oftotalChanchengasapilotdistrictofFoshan,thestudyteamcarbonemissions,whilefreightcarbondioxideemissionsconductedresearchonthesettingofloading/unloadingaccountforabout65%ofthetotalemissionsofthezonesforNELVs,soastofurtherimprovethepolicyoftransportationsector.NeutralizationhasaveryimportantfacilitatingurbanlogisticsvehiclesandhelptheoverallmeaninginthisfieldandpromotingthereductionofpromotionofNELVs.Atthesametime,theoverallstudy’semissionsfromfreighttransportisofgreatsignificanceinambitionaimedtoprovideareferenceforresearchonpromotingthepeakingofcarbondioxideemissionsinthetemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVsinothertransportationindustryandultimately,achievingcarboncitiesinChina,soastoexplorenewwaystodevelopneutrality.China’slow-carbonfreightdevelopment.In2017,theMinistryofTransport,theMinistryofPublic1.2ObjectivesSecurityandtheMinistryofCommercejointlyorganizedandlaunchedtheUrbanGreenFreightDistributionTheobjectivesofthepilotprojectwereto:SystemDemonstrationProgram,withtheobjectivetobuildan“intensive,efficient,greenandintelligent”urban●DevelopaMethodologyStudy.Basedonadomesticfreightservicesystem,andtoprovidestrongsupportandinternationalcasestudy,andcombinedwithanforpromotingsustainableurbandevelopment.In2019,outlineofthecharacteristicsofChanchengDistrict,Foshanwassuccessfullyselectedasoneofthesecondbatchthestudydevelopedascientificandcomprehensiveofcitiesinthedemonstrationprogram.Accordingtothemethodologyforallocatingtemporaryloading/program’sactionplan,thesettingoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs,includingapproachestounloadingzonesforlogisticsvehiclesisoneofthekeyidentifyingparkingareas,planningpolicies,designationevaluationindicatorsforthesuccessofthegreeningurbanguidelines,theconfigurationofrelatedfacilitiesandfreight.furtherrelevantsteps,toguidetheimplementationofsubsequentplans.ThemethodologystudyservedastheTheSino-GermanCooperationonLowCarbontheoreticalfoundationtootherprojectobjectivesandTransport(CLCT)projectisfundedbythewasconsideredascrucialtothesuccessoftheproject.InternationalClimateInitiative(IKI)andimplementedbytheDeutscheGesellschaftfür●RunaPilotapplication.ThestudydevelopedanInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbH.Itaimsallocationplanfortemporaryloading/unloadingatstrengtheningcooperationbetweenGermanyandzonesforNELVsandselectedatleasttwopilotChinainthefieldofclimateprotectioninthetransportsector.Theoverallgoaloftheprojectisto8ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVsitesinChanchengDistricttoimplementtheplan.(3)Temporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVsThroughthisapproach,thenextobjectiveconsistedofthetestingofthescientificconceptgroundingtheTheterm‘temporaryloading/unloadingzonesforlogisticsproject,promotingitstheoreticalmethodology,andvehicles’referstothespecialparkingsitesorroadsidefurtherguidingtheimplementationofthesettingupofloading/unloadingzonesintheurbancommercialareas,temporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs.residentialareas,industrialareas,largepubliczones,andrelatedlocations,wherelogisticsvehiclesareallowedto●Analyzetheexperienceandprovideasummary.parkforalimiteddurationoftime(ingeneralupto30ThroughtheSino-Germancooperation,thestudyminutes),toperformloadingorunloadingoperations.exploredeffectivemeasurestoalleviatethedifficultiesThisprojectfocusedonroadsidetemporaryloading/facedbyNELVsrelatingtoroadaccess,parkingandunloadingzones.loading/unloading,exploredthepossiblebenefitsinsupportofanincreasedmarketshareofNELVs,andForthepurposeofthisproject,roadsidetemporarysummarizedthelessonsandexperiencesgainedfromloading/unloadingzonesforlogisticsvehiclesweredividedthisstudythatcouldbeusefultoothercitiesofsimilarintotwotypes–sharedtemporaryloading/unloadingcontextsinChina.zonesanddedicatedtemporaryloading/unloadingzones.1.3ResearchObjectivesandSharedtemporaryloading/unloadingzones:RoadsidetemporaryparkinglotsforbothpassengervehiclesandDefinitionsofKeyTermslogisticsvehicles.(1)UrbanlogisticsvehiclesDedicatedtemporaryloading/unloadingzones:Roadsidetemporaryparkinglotsforonlylogisticsvehicles.AccordingtotheTechnicalrequirementsfortypesofurbanlogisticsvehicles(GB/T29912-2013),theterm‘urban1.4TechnicalProcesseslogisticsvehicles’referstocargovansandclosedvansusedforcargotransportation(includingexpressdelivery)Thefirsttechnicalstepofthisprojectconsistedofservicesinurbanareas.extensivelycollectinginformationondomesticandinternationalcases,includingparkingpolicies,settingCargovan:Alogisticsvehiclewithacargopartconsistingmethods,loading/unloadingzonesdesign,managementofaclosedcontainer,wherethecargopartisseparatedmeasures,andrelatedinformation,andthensummarizingfromthedriver’scabin.relatedlessonsandexperiences.Secondly,theprojectincludedtheconductingofaninvestigationandsurveyClosedvan:Afreighttruckwithanenclosedcargopart,toobtaininformationabouturbandevelopmentstatus,andthecargopartisintegratedwiththedriver’scabin.logisticsvehicledevelopmentstatusaswellascurrentrelevantpolicesinChanchengDistrict,FoshanCityto(2)NELVsassessexistingproblemsandunderstandpossiblefuturetrendsoffreightdistributionsystemdevelopment.TheNELVsrefertocargovansorclosedvansdrivenmainlyprojectthendevelopedasystematicmethodologyoforentirelybynewenergysources,includingpureelectricsettinguptemporaryloading/unloadingforNELVs,whichtrucks,plug-inhybridelectrictrucks,fuelcelltrucks,andmayincludeconsiderationsoftheprinciplesofloading/cleanenergytrucksthatmeettheNationalVIemissionunloadingzoneallocation,parkingdemandpredictions,standards,andrelatedprotocols,thatareapprovedandparkingsiteselection,thedesignofloading/unloadinglistedintheRecommendedModelCatalogforPromotionzones,ademonstrationofsiteselectionmethods,theofNewEnergyVehicleApplicationbytheMinistryofmanagementofloading/unloadingzonesmanagementIndustryandInformationTechnology.Currently,themainandcontrolmeasures,andrelatedactivities.Finally,thetypesofNELVsinFoshanarepureelectrictrucksandhydrogenfuelcelltrucks.9ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVprojectformulatedrelevantrecommendationsforpolicies●Casestudyandmeasurestobepresentedtorelatedgovernment●Statusanalysisdepartmentsandbeusedtoprovideademonstrationof●Thesettingofmethodsandthedemonstrationofopportunitiesandlessonslearnedforothercities.applicationsSpecifically,thisresearchincludedthefollowingfour●Suggestionsonpoliciesandmeasuresresearchoutputs:ThetechnicalrouteoftheprojectisshowninFigure1.■Figure1TechnicalrouteandmethodologyconceptReviewStatusQuoAnalysisMethodologyangPilotApplicationPolicySuggestionInvestigationandAnalysisPolicyPrincipleMethodDesignationCityStatusofUrbanDemandCalculationDedicatedtemporaryPolicyandManagementOverviewFreightparkingzoneSuggestionSummaryDistributionImplementationGuaranteeMethodandApplicationSiteSelectionMeasuresPolicySummaryVehiclecompositionandDemandAnalysisSocialeconomyParkingLotDesignPilotareaselectionLocationPilotApplicationMethodapplicationManagementCaseStudyAssessmentSource:NanjingInstituteofCityandTransportPlanning,hereafteras“NICTP”102CaseStudiesResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVThischaptercontainsananalysisofcasestudiesofcitiesunloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicleswithinexistingbothinChinaandabroadthathavesetuploading/roadsideloading/unloadingzonesinsuchareasasbusinessunloadingzonesforlogisticsvehicles,inordertoobtaincenters,residentialcommunities,andtradingmarkets.evidenceofsomeexperiencesthatcanbeusedforreferenceindifferentlocations.Suzhouhasalsosetup50freeloading/unloadingbaysforNELVsunderlimitedtimeinthegreenfreight2.1DomesticCasesdemonstrationzoneofGuchengdistrict.Atthesametime,allroadsideloading/unloadingzonesareallowedtobeusedCurrentlyinChina,onlyafewcitieshavedesignatedtemporarilyforloading/unloadingbylogisticsvehicles.temporaryloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsPerday,thecityoffersfreeparkingtoNELVsforthefirstvehicles.Theurbanlogisticsvehiclesmentionedherehour,whereasconventionallogisticsvehiclesreceiveonlyincludebothconventionalfueledlogisticsvehiclesandthefirst30minsforfree.Inaddition,NELVsareallowedNELVs.Inmostcases,logisticsvehicleshaveparkonthetotemporarilyparkforloading/unloadingoperationsonsideofmotorvehiclelanes,bicyclelanesorrandomly4morwiderbicyclelanesoutsidetheGuchengdistrictonsidewalks,andthereisalackofrelevantmanagementduringoff-peakhours,underthepremisethattheloading/measures.In2017,theMinistryofTransport,theunloadingbehaviorwillnotaffectroadtrafficoperations.MinistryofPublicSecurityandtheMinistryofThesemeasureseffectivelyfulfilledtheloading/unloadingCommercejointlyorganizedandlaunchedtheNationaldemandofurbanlogisticsvehiclesinthisarea.DemonstrationProjectofGreenUrbanFreight.ThefirstbatchofdemonstrationcitiessubsequentlysetupAsshowninFigure2a,purpleparkingsignsindicatetemporaryloading/unloadingzonesinaccordancewiththattheloading/unloadingareasisavailableforallurbanthecorrespondingrequirementsandprovidedvaluablelogisticsvehicles,andthegreenparkingsignsindicatethatexperiences.Thisreportsectionanalyzestheexperienceintheloading/unloadingareasareonlyavailableforNELVssettingloading/unloadingzones,andrelatedpoliciesand(seeFigure2b).managementmeasuresincasestudycitiesinChina.Tosummarize,inSuzhou,thereare4differentpolicy2.1.1Suzhouoptionsandregulationscurrentlytestedandinoperationforpermanentandtime-limitedloadingbayconcepts:Suzhouhasbeenactivelypromotingits“parkingfacilitation”program,whichaimstorelievetheparking1.Freeuseofallroadsidecarloading/unloadingzonesasdifficultiesofurbanlogisticsvehicles.Suzhouhassetuptime-limitedloadingbaysfordeliveryvehicles;dedicatedloading/unloadingsitesandtemporaryloading/2.Variabletimelimitationsforunloadingoperationsaccordingtovehicleemissioncategories(withtimelimitationsfavoringNELVs);3.Time-limitedloadingbaysonbikelanesduringoff-peakhours,and;4.Separatedloadingbaysforgreenandnon-greendistributionvehicles.■Figure2Layoutoftemporaryloading/unloadingareasforurbanlogisticsvehiclesinSuzhou(a)Temporaryloading/unloadingareasforurbanlogistics(b)Signageofatime-limitedloadingbayforNELVsvehiclesintheoldtownSource:SuzhougreendistributionWeChatAPP12ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV2.1.2ChangshaParkingService,issuedinJune2020inHengshuiCity.Thispolicyoptioncanbecalled:ParkingfeereductionforChangshaallowsurbanlogisticsvehiclestotemporarilyNELVs.parkalongroadswhereparkingisgenerallyprohibitedtoothervehicles.InJune2021,theChangshaPublicSecurityInNovember2020,theHengshuiTrafficPoliceBureautrafficpolicesetup158dedicatedloading/Detachmentsetupmorethan60dedicatedcurbsideunloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesaroundloadingbaysforNELVsalongandaroundroadsidemarkets,superstores,schools,andothersurroundingroads,groceries/supermarketsandexpresscompanies,whichwhichbasicallymeetthetemporaryloading/unloadingfurtherreducedthetimespendinsearchofparking,easedneedsofurbanlogisticsvehicles.loading/unloadingdifficultiesforNELVsandimprovedthebusinessoperationenvironmentofthecity.Onesuchtemporaryloading/unloadingzonesis6mlongand2.4mwide,withhorizontalstreetsignageincludingThecity’sdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesareforyellowmarkingslimitingtheboundaries,andwhitewords,exclusiveusebyNELVs,andothervehiclesarenotallowedandtruckpatternsindicatingitspurpose(seeFigure3).tooccupythem.Thesededicatedloading/unloadingTheseroadsideloading/unloadingzonesarededicatedzoneshavehorizontaltrafficsignages,markedbyagreenforurbanlogisticsvehiclestoload/unloadgoods.Otherboundaryandwiththewords“DedicatedLoading/vehiclesarenotallowedtoparkinthesespacesandwillunloadingzonesforNELVs”(seeFigure4).receivepenaltiesintheeventofaviolation.2.1.5Shenzhen2.1.2ChengduShenzhenMunicipalTransportationCommissionissuedaChengdubegandistributingatypeofspeciallicensedraftoftheNoticeonthefirsttime(firsthour)parkingfeeplateforNELVsonNovember20,2017.VehicleswithexemptionforNELVsatroadsideloading/unloadingzonesnewenergynumberplatesareallowedtotravelinthe(draftforcomments)inApril2018.AccordingtotheadministrativeregionofChengduwithoutrestriction,Notice,newenergyvehiclescanparkonroadsideloadingwhereasothervehiclesarerestrictedaccordingtotheendbaysmanagedbytheShenzhenRoadTrafficManagementnumberofthelicense.AmongthenewenergylicenseCenterforfreeonceadayforthefirsthour.vehicles,pureelectricurbanlogisticsvehiclescanfurthertravelintothecentralurbanareawithoutrestriction(otherIn2021,Shenzhensetupa“logisticsvehiclesrestrictionlogisticsvehiclesmustapplyforapermitfirst).area”policyinHuaqiangbeidistrict.Underitsrules,onlyNELVsareallowedtoenterthedistrictforfourtimesThisgreenurbanlogisticspolicyoptioncanbecalled:andstopfornomorethan1houreachtimebetweenrestriction-freeaccesstothecitycenterforpureelectric10amto10pmeachday.Tocoordinatewiththepolicydeliveryvehiclesonly.Furtherparkingpoliciesfavorableandtofacilitatetheorderlyloading/unloadingofgoods,forNELVsincludetherulethatlocallyregisteredvehiclestheShenzhenTrafficPoliceDepartmentappliedaserieswithnewenergynumberplatescanstopforatime-limitedofsupportingmeasureswithotherrelatedadministrativedurationonroadsideloadingbaysandloading/unloadingdepartments,suchasthesettingupofdedicatedloading/areaswithcostsfullycoveredbythegovernment,forfree,unloadingspaces,delineatedbygreenmarkingsandthewithinthefirsttwohours.Moreover,theparkingfeeatwords“dedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforloading/thePark&Ride(P+R)lotsrunbythegovernmentis50%unloading”ashorizontaltrafficsignagepaintedontheofffrom7:00to19:00forNELVs.Additionally,Chengduground(seeFigure5).Thisdistinctivepolicyoptionisalsoencouragingotherparkingfacilitiestoofferparkingcanbesummarizedas:Accessallowancelimitedtofourfeereductionsorexemptionstonewenergyvehicles.timesperdaywithtime-limitedstoppingofmaximumonehoureach,between10:00and22:00,everyday.2.1.4HengshuiThisdifferentiatedpolicyhasofferedNELVaccessibilityprivilegethatisinfavorofNELVoperators’businessPureelectricurbanlogisticsvehicleswithatotalweightdevelopment.ofupto4.5tonsandwithalogooftheNationalDemonstrationProjectofGreenUrbanFreightcanstopin2.1.6Luzhoutheloading/unloadingareasmanagedbythegovernment,withfeereductionsorexemptionsinthemainurbanareaTopromotetheimplementationoftheNationalofHengshui,accordingtotheNoticeonFormulatingtheDemonstrationProjectofGreenUrbanFreightinLuzhou,ChargeReductionPolicyforUrbanGreenFreightNELVthecity’sJiangyangdistrict,recentlyimproveditsdistributionterminals,andaddedtemporaryparkingsignsandroad13ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVmarkingsforlogisticsvehiclestoalleviateparkingandloading■Figure5Thededicatedloading/unloadingzonesdifficultiesatsomesupermarkets,farmer’smarkets,andforloading/unloadinginShenzhenexpressdeliverypointsinthecity.Thecity’sdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesareexclusivelyforurbanlogisticsvehicles,andothervehiclesarenotallowedtooccupythem.Theloading/unloadingzonesaredelineatedbygreenroadmarkingsandthewords“distributionvehicletemporaryparking”arepaintedontheground.Atthesededicatedloading/unloadingzoneswith“distributionvehicletemporaryparkinglot”signs,NELVswithaspeciallogoof“UrbanLogisticsDistributionVehicle”canparkforfree,whereasconventionalfueledlogisticsvehiclescanonlyget50%offcomparedtothetariffforpassengercars(seeFigures6and7).Thisdistinctivepolicyoptioncanbesummarizedas:ParkinginfrastructurecreationandmanagementwithfeereductionforNELVs.■Figure3Time-limitedloadingbaysforurbanlogisticsvehiclesinChangshaSource:TrafficPoliceDepartmentofShenzhenPublicSecurityBureauhttp://szjj.sz.gov.cn/JGDT/content/post_8635579.html■Figure6Vehicleswithaspeciallogoof“UrbanLogisticsVehicle”■Figure7Logisticsanddistributionvehicletemporaryloading/unloadingzonesinLuzhou■Figure4Adedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbangreenlogisticsvehiclesinHengshuiSource:HENGSHUIWANBAOSource:LuzhoufabuWeChatofficialaccounthttps://www.sohu.com/a/431953489_722860https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ifxohQZ8tSdsIZfqiK8arg14ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV2.1.7AnalysisofdomesticcasesInsummary,theworkofsettinguptemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforloading/unloadingpurposesof(1)Thetemporaryparkingpoliciesforurbanlogisticsurbanlogisticsvehiclesbeingpromotedinthesecitiesvehiclesareformulatedbasedontheactualneedsandhasapositiveeffectonregulatingtheparkingbehaviordemandsofthecity,andthesepoliciesarecontributingoflogisticsvehiclesandreducingtheirimpactontraffictoparkingconvenienceforlogisticsvehicles.flows.AnoutlineoftypicalrelatedmeasuresbeingtakenbyeachstudiedcityisdisplayedinTable1TypicalAtpresent,somecitiesinChinahavesetuptime-limitedmeasuresrelatingtoNELVparkingineachcity.loadingbaysforlogisticsvehiclesandhaveimplementedcorrespondingtemporaryparkingpolicies.Forexample,(2)DomesticChinesecitiesmainlyfocusonallocationsomepoliciesallowlogisticsvehiclestoparkforalimitedplanningandthesettingupoftemporaryloading/durationoftimeatallkindsofroadsidemotorvehicleunloadingzones.Thescaleofloading/unloadingzonesloading/unloadingzones,whileothershavepolicieswhichandparkingmanagementneedstobefurtheraddressed.aredesignedfordedicatedloading/unloadingzonesthatarereservedexclusivelyforlogisticsvehicles.ParkingfeeAtpresent,domesticcitiesstilldonotpayenoughreductionpoliciesforlogisticsvehiclesareimplementedinattentiontothedevelopmentoftheirurbanfreightthecitiesofSuzhouandChengdu,providingparkingfeedistributionsystems.MostcitiesfocusonthetravelexemptionsforNELVs.Someothermeasuresthatcitiesmanagementoflogisticsvehicleswithinaspecificarea,aretakingincludethesettingupoftemporaryloading/withtheapproachofissuingpermitstologisticsvehicles,unloadingzonesaroundbusinessstores,expressdeliveryandgenerallyignoringtheirparkingandloading/terminals,largesupermarketsandotherareaswithstrongunloadingdifficulties.Fromstudyingthesedomesticdeliverydemands.cases,ithasbeenfoundthatvariousnumberoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforloading/unloadingbyurbanIntermsofthesettingupoftemporaryloading/unloadinglogisticsvehicleshavebeensetupinurbancommercialzones,mostcitiesadoptthemethodofconvertingexistingdistricts,residentialcommunities,andotherareasinthepassengervehicleloading/unloadingzonestofreightfirstbatchofcitiesintheNationalDemonstrationProjectdeliveryvehicleloading/unloadingzones.SuzhouevenofGreenUrbanFreight.However,whilethisapproachallowsNELVstotemporarilyparkforloading/unloadingseekstocompletetherelevantrequirementsoftheoperationsduringoff-peakhoursonbicyclelaneswithaProgramandtosolvetheproblemofthelackofloading/widthof4metersormoreoutsideGuchengdistrictandunloadingzones,theeffectofsettingsuchzonesstillneedsgivesNELVsprioritystatus,correspondingtoafavorabletobeevaluated.policyoptioninanupdated,modernizedparkingpolicy.■Table1TypicalmeasuresrelatingtoNELVparkingineachcityNumberTypicalmeasures1Freeuseofallroadsidecarloading/unloadingzonesastime-limitedloadingbaysfordeliveryvehicles.2Variabletimelimitationsforunloadingoperationsaccordingtotheirvehicleemissioncategory(morefavorablefor3NELVs).4Time-limitedloadingbaysonbikelanesduringoff-peakhours.5Separatedloadingbaysforgreenandnon-greenlogisticsvehicles.6Restriction-freeaccesstothecitycenterforpureelectricdeliveryvehiclesonly.7ParkingfeereductionforNELVs.8Accessallowancelimitedtofourtimesperdaywithtime-limitedstoppingofmaximumonehoureach,between10:00and22:00,everyday.ParkinginfrastructurecreationandmanagementwithfeereductionforNELVs.15ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVInspiteofimplementationeffortstosetuploading/tosurroundingbuildingsandthecharacteristicsoftheunloadingzonesinthesecities,thenumberofthesezonesstreet.AccordingtoStreetscapeGuidance2019ofLondon,stilldoesnotmeettheincreasingdistributiondemandsthedistribution,placement,andtypeofbayprovidedoftheindustry,withonly100-200temporaryloading/shouldcorrespondtothesurroundinglandusesandtheunloadingzonescurrentlybeingavailableineachcasecity.dimensionsofthestreet.ThearrangementofparkingandAtthesametime,someroadsideloading/unloadingzonesloadingcontrolsshouldnotrestrictthefreeandsafeflowaresharedbyfreightandpassengervehiclesbutoccupiedoftraffic,particularlybuses,norshouldtheyadverselybypassengervehiclesformostoftheday.Asaresult,impactonpedestrianmovement.logisticsvehiclesstillhavetooccupyotherspacessuchasmotorvehiclelanes,bicyclelanesorsidewalksforloading/Inaddition,thesettingofparkingandloadingbaysshouldunloadingpurposes.complywiththefollowingprinciples[1]:(3)Thereisalackoftheoreticalsupportanduniform1)Parkingandloadingfacilitiesshouldbelocatedforstandardsintermsofthenumberofloading/unloadingtheconvenienceandsafetyofallroadusers,notjustzones,siteselection,designation,andrelatedplanningmotorists.Whenlocatingaloadingbay,thedesignerprocesses.needstoconsiderthevehicletype,frequencyofuse,andthetypeofgoods.Thesettingoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesinthesecitiesisdonetomeettherequirementsoftheNational2)CalculatingthetimeittakesforthedrivertowalktoDemonstrationProjectofGreenUrbanFreight,buttheirdeliverthegoodsmustbeconsideredtoensurethattheparkingdemandsarenotseriouslyconsidered.Thishasloadingbaycanoperateasintendedandthatusersareledcitiestotakingacase-by-caseapproachtosettingzonesabletooperatelegally.thathasbeenadaptedtotheirownlocalexperiences,streetspace,andlocalbusinessconfigurations.Thesize,3)Thelocationofthebayanditssignageshouldtakedesign,aswellasthesignsandroadmarkingsofloading/accountof,andcoordinatewith,otherstreetfurnitureunloadingzonesforlogisticsvehiclesaredifferentacrosstoavoidclutter.Baysmustbevisibletomotoristsandthesecities.Forexample,roadmarkingsoftemporarypedestriansthroughtheuseofappropriatemarkings.loading/unloadingzonesinShenzhen,Hengshui,andLoadingandparkingbaysshouldbemarkedusingLuzhouaregreen,whiletheyareyellowinChangshaandcontrastingpavingwherepossibleratherthanpaint.Suzhou.Thesizeoftheloading/unloadingzonesalsovaries.Itisthereforenecessarytofurtherdevelopandhone4)Averticalsigndetailingrestrictionsastothenaturetheoreticalresearchonthedemandfortemporaryloading/ofactivity,duration,andhoursofoperationmustunloadingzones,andrelatedprocessesincludinglocationbeerectednexttothebayforthedirectionstobeselectionandtheirlayoutdesign.enforceable(seeFigure8).2.2InternationalCases■Figure8EnforcementtrafficsignageforloadingbaysinLondonInmostforeigncountries,therearealmostnosetdedicatedSource:StreetscapeGuidanceloading/unloadingareasforNELVs.However,somecitieshavebenefitedfromexploringtrialsforthesettingandmanagementofurbanloading/unloadingzones.2.2.1London,EnglandInLondon,parkingandloadingbaysaredesignedtoensurethattheiruse,andturnoverofuse,iswelladapted16ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVTheLondonTransportAuthoritystrictlystipulatesthat2.2.3Valletta,Maltaallillegalparkingbehaviorshallbefined.Thefinesrangefrom€70to€150(£60to£130).Inaddition,thedriversInValletta,theSustainableUrbanLogisticsPlanningwhohavetheircarstowedawayorlockedbypolicedueto(SULP)allowedforthemodificationofaccessrulesandseriousviolationsofregulationsneedtopayasignificantthesettingofschedulesanditinerariesoflogisticsvehiclestowingfeeorlockingfee.Inaddition,theLondonfortheirenteringandexitingofthecity,andtheiruseofCouncilspublishedgeneralregulationsonloading/pedestrianzonesduringstricttime-windowstoallowforunloadingin2022.Loading/unloadingispermittedonloading/unloadingoperations.singleanddoubleyellowlinesforamaximumof40■Figure9Yellowlinesoncurbwithanexampleminutesifloadingisobserved(seeFigure9).Youmustnotoftimescauseanobstructionandensurethatthereisnoloadingban.Source:LondonCouncilshttps://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/services/parking-services/parking-and-●Loading/unloadingisnotpermittedonaredlinetraffic/parking-advice-members-public/loading-and-unloadingduringitsoperationaltimes.Doubleredlinesapplyallday,mostsingleredlinesapplybetween7amand7pm■Figure10Clearwaysign,meaningnostoppingbutaresigned.atanytime●OnclearwaysstoppingtoloadandunloadisbannedSource:LondonCouncils(seeFigure10).https://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/services/parking-services/parking-and-traffic/parking-advice-members-public/loading-and-unloading●Youcanstoptoloadandunloadonparkingbays(payanddisplay,residents’baysetc.)foramaximumof20■Figure11TheexampleofParisloadingbayminutesduringcontrolledhours.management2.2.2Paris,France17Followinglegislationchangesandcharterswithbusinessesin2008,Parisdevelopednewloadingbaydesignrules.Inordertofacilitateloading/unloadingpractice,Parisnowhasloadingbayssetupataboutevery50metersalongcitystreets.Theseloadingbaysaremainlysetinshoppingstreets,withlesslocatedinresidentialareas.ThemarkinglinesofloadingbaysalongthestreetinParisareyellow,andcomeintwoforms:yellowdottedlinesandyellowsolidlines(seeFigure11).Ayellowdottedlineindicatesthattheloadingbaycanbeparkedinbyvehiclesotherthanurbanlogisticsvehiclesfrom8p.m.to7a.m.,andayellowsolidlineindicatesthattheloadingbayisdedicatedforurbanlogisticsvehicles.Theloadingbaysarefrequentlyoccupiedbycarsandothervehicles,thereforeamainproblemwithloadingbaysalongthestreetsofParisisenforcementfortheiruse.Parisalsodevelopedanewtoolfortheonlinevisualizationofloadingbays,fromwhichuserscanseethelocationofloadingbaysandamapoftheareaaroundtheloadingbay.Thedisadvantageisthatthevisualizationtoolisnotdynamicandreal-time(seeFigure12.)ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVThefollowingspecificaccessandloadingbayrulesapplyinfrastructureandadjacentbuildings.Toavoidthis,tothecitycenterofValletta:loadingbaysaretobeimplementedinadjacentstreets,withanaveragedistanceofabout50-100m,depending●Goodsvehiclesareallowedtoprovideservicesbetweenoniftheareaismorecommercialorresidential.midnightand9:30amfromMondaytoSaturday;for●ParkingandaccesstoVallettaforvehiclesisaconstantMondayandThursday,deliveriesarealsoallowedpointofdiscussionamongststakeholderssincetheissuebetween14:30and16:30.Theseservicetimeaffectsallresidentsandvisitorstothecity.ParkingrestrictionsensurethatValletta’spedestrianareaisfreeavailabilitywithinthecityiscurrentlycompletelyfromtrucksandvansduringthepeakbusinesshourssaturated,therefore,whilesomeloading/unloadingbaysforpedestriansandtourists.doexist,theirnumberislimited.●Goodsdistributionvehiclesthatdeliverregularly●Forothernon-pedestrianareas,sincestreetsinVallettatoretailersinthechargingzoneswithinVallettaarearenarrow,andtoavoidcongestion,itiscommonallowedlimitedfreeaccessinallofthechargingzonespracticefordeliveryvanstoparkonthecurbwhileatthetimesdefinedinTable2.Thesevehiclesmustbeloading/unloading.Thisposesarisktothehealthregisteredtodeliver,andmustnotbeleftunattended.andsafetyofpedestriansandcausesdamagetostreet■Figure12AtoolfortheonlinevisualizationofloadingbaysSource:ParisDeliveryMaphttps://capgeo.sig.paris.fr/Apps/Places_Livraison/■Table2AccessrulestoVallettaforgoodsdistributionvehicles,2019DayFreeAccesstoChargingZonesAccesstoPedestrianZonesMondayMidnight–09:30hrsMidnight–09:30hrsTuesday,Wednesday&Friday14:30hrs–16:30hrs14:30hrs–16:30hrsThursday18:00hrs–Midnight19:00hrs–20:00hrsMidnight–09:30hrsMidnight–09:30hrs13:00hrs–16:00hrs18:00hrs–Midnight19:00hrs–20:00hrsMidnight–09:30hrsMidnight–09:30hrs13:00hrs–16:00hrs14:30hrs–16:30hrs18:00hrs–Midnight19:00hrs–20:00hrsMidnight–09:30hrsSaturdayAllDay19:00hrs–20:00hrsSundayAllDay18ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV2.2.4Tokyo,Japanregularbusinesshours,seeFigure14).TheOHDbringsmanybenefitsnotonlytorelatedcompaniesandsuppliersOmotesandoShoppingStreetisoneofthemostbutalsotothecity.ByshiftinglogisticsvehiclestraffictoprosperousshoppingstreetsinTokyo.Therearemanyoff-hours,thefollowingbenefitsareexperiencedbytheboutiques,cafésandrestaurantsonbothsidesofthecommunitiesandthecity:avenue.Therearevehicleloading/unloadingzonessetup●LogisticsvehiclesdonottravelwithcarsandbusesalongOmotesando,whichcanalsobeusedbyothertypesofvehicleswithaparkingmeteringsystem.Thestreethasduringregularbusinesshours,therebyreducingtrafficaparkingtimelimitforlogisticsvehiclesof60minutescongestion;from9amto8pm,withnotimelimitfortherestofthe●Reductionoftrafficcongestionaroundloading/day.unloadingzonesandnearbyroads;●ImprovedtrafficsafetyaslogisticsvehiclesdonottravelLoading/unloadingzonesaresetalongbothsidesofwithpedestriansandbicyclistsduringpeakhours;Omotesando(seeFigure13).Theadvantageofthislayout●Reductionintransportationcosts,andfreightisthatthewalkingdistancebetweenloading/unloadingcompanieshavelesspenaltiesforparkingviolationszonesanddeliverypointsisshort,whichcanbettermeetduringoff-hours,andmoreimportantly,thedeliveriestheneedsofthebuildingsonbothsidesoftheroadandaremoreefficientatnight,and;meetthetemporaryparkingneedsofthedeliveryvehicles.●ReductioninemissionsaslogisticsvehiclesdonotHowever,therearesomeshortcomingsoftheloading/travelduringpeakhours.unloadingzonesforlogisticsvehiclesonOmotesando:■Figure13Urbanlogisticsvehiclesloading/unloadingzonesinOmotesando,Tokyo●Theloading/unloadingzonesprovidedarenotdedicatedforlogisticsvehicles,evenforonlyapartofSource:CityIFtheday.Therefore,theavailabilityofloading/unloadinghttps://www.163.com/dy/article/EFLANCNI0521C7DD.htmlzonescannotbeguaranteedforlogisticsvehicles.Thissituationcancauseside-by-sideparkingorother■Figure14Temporaryparkingofdeliverytrucksillegalparkingbehaviorandaffectthesafetyand/orduringoff-hoursconvenienceofotherroadusers.Source:HuaqingchengyunWeChatofficialaccount●Thereisaparkingtimelimitforlogisticsvehiclefromhttps://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/IrXcLwZ0tMAv6IbulXGthg9amto8pm,andnolimitfortherestoftheday.Thisnotonlyreducestheturnoverrateoftheloading/19unloadingzonesandtheloading/unloadingefficiency,butalsocausesagreatimpactontheeaseofparkingofpassengercars.2.2.5NewYork,U.S.A.Thenumberofroadsideloading/unloadingzonesforloading/unloadingisinsufficientonmanycommercialstreetsinNewYorkCity.Mostretailersandgrocerystoresdonothaveon-carriagewayloading/unloadingzonesforloading/unloading,andthefewon-carriagewayloading/unloadingzoneswhichdoexistareoftenoccupiedbypassengervehicles.Therefore,anOHD(Off-HourDeliveries)planwasadoptedinNewYork,whichshiftsfreightdeliveriestooff-hours(7pmto6am,outsideofResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV2.2.6Analysisofinternationalcasesdifficultyoflogisticsvehiclesandalsomeettheincreasingdemandforfreightdistribution.(1)TheStreetscapeGuidance[1]ofLondonformulatesdetailedstandardsandguidanceonthesettingof(3)Lackofresearchonsettinguptemporaryloading/loading/unloadingzonesforlogisticsvehicles,whichisunloadingzonesforNELVs.ausefulreferenceforChinesecities.Fromthepracticesofinternationalcities,thereisalackofTheStreetscapeGuidance[1]ofLondonsystematicallyresearchonsettingtemporaryloading/unloadingzonesfordiscussestheprinciples,methods,andmanagementNELVs.Forexample,theStreetscapeGuidance(Mayorofmeasuresforthesettingofloading/unloadingzonesforLondon,2019)ofLondondoesnotdiscussNELVs.Thisurbanlogisticsvehicles.Itproposesfourtypesofloading/studyseekstoprovidefurtherresearchinthisarea.unloadingzonesfordeliveryvehiclesandillustratessettingfeatures,evaluations,andprovideson-sitepictures.The2.3Summarypracticeofformulatingthistypeofguidanceonthesettingofloading/unloadingzonesforlogisticsvehiclesisusefulFromthepracticesoftheexamineddomesticcitiesandtothisstudy,andtheguidancegivenbytheplanitselfisinternationalcitiesontheirsettingupoftemporaryagoodreferenceforconductingresearchinthefieldofloading/unloadingzonesforlogisticsvehicles,itisseenurbantransport.thattherearecertainsimilaritiesanddifferences:(2)Thecurrentnumberofloading/unloadingzones(1)Bothdomesticcitiesandinternationalcitiesregulateinforeigncountriesisinsufficient.Measuressuchaslogisticsvehiclebehavior,suchasbysettingparkingdeliveringduringoff-peakhours,chargingparkingtimesandlocations,basedonlogisticsvehicleparkingfees,andstrengtheningthemanagementoftransportdemand,trafficconditions,androadconditions.havebeenimplementedtoalleviateparkingdifficultiesininternationalcities.Atpresent,themethodsofsettingtemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesinbothAfterlearningfromthepracticesoftheinternationalcitiesdomesticcitiesandinternationalcitiesarebasicallytheofLondon,Tokyo,andNewYork,itcanbefoundthatsame.Temporaryloading/unloadingzonesarefirstlysettheparkingresourcesintheurbancentersofdevelopedinareaswithstrongdeliverydemandsuchascommercialcountries,especiallyintheircommercialdistricts,areareas,residentialcommunities,andrelatedlocations.verytight,andfreightdeliveryvehicleshavetooccupySecondly,logisticsvehicleparkingtimes,accessallowanceroadspacetemporarilytoload/unloadgoods.Inordertotimes,andallowedtraveltimesareshiftedtomorningreducetheimpactcausedbytheparkingoffreightdeliveryoroff-peakhours,toreducetheimpactontrafficflow.vehicles,citieshavetakendifferentmeasures.Tokyo,Thirdly,time-limitedloadingbaysandloading/unloadingforexample,hasstipulatedaparkingtimelimitandzonesaresetuponroadspaces,occupyingmotorvehiclestrengthenedparkingfeechargingmodels.NewYorkhaslanes,bicyclelanesorsidewalks,whereparkingandstreetshifteddeliverytimesoutsideofregularbusinesshours,butspaceresourcesaretight.thesuccessofthisinitiativestillremainsratherlimitedintermsofanincreasedtotalnumberofoff-peakdeliveries,Inbrief,domesticcitiesandinternationalcitiesselectwhencomparedtopeak-hours.Temporarytestrunsforparkinglocations,andregulateparkingandtraveltimesofoff-peakdeliveriesweresuccessfulinLondonduringthelogisticsvehiclesreasonably,withthegoaltoincreasetheirOlympicGamesin2012butwerediscontinuedafterwardsdeliveryefficiency,decreasetheirimpactonotherroadduetoincreasedcostsandlowacceptanceratesamongstuserssuchasmotorvehicles,pedestrians,andcyclists,andbusinessesandretailclients,whopreferredtoreceivegoodsalleviatetrafficcongestion.duringtheirnormalopeninghours.Therefore,eveninthemostinnovation-friendlymetropoles,themanagementofparkingpoliciesremainsverychallengingingeneral.Citiesinthesedevelopedcountriesarecontinuingtoactivelyimplementvariousmeasurestoalleviatetheparking20ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV(2)Currently,domesticcitiespaymoreattentiontoCurrently,domesticcitiesmainlyfocusontheplanningthelocationselectionoftemporaryloading/unloadingofallocatingspacefortemporaryloading/unloadingzoneszones,andinternationalcitiesemphasisfocusesonforlogisticsvehicles,butthereisstillalackofrelevantthemanagementoftruckparking,withtheirpenaltyresearchonthemethodsusedwhensettingtheselocations.systemforillegalparkingbehaviorbeingmoresevere.Comparatively,theresearchininternationalcitiesonspatialplanningismoresystematicandin-depth.ForSomedomesticcitiesareactivelypromotingtheexample,London’sStreetscapeGuidancesystematicallyestablishmentoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesfordiscussesthesettingprinciples,methodsandmanagementlogisticsvehiclesinaccordancewiththerequirementsmeasuresoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesfortheoftheNationalDemonstrationProjectofGreenUrbancity.Freight.Therelevantinfrastructureconstructionisbeingstrengthened,andrelatedparkingfeereduction/exemptionWiththedevelopmentofglobalcarbonreductionwork,policiesarebeingimplemented.especiallyChina’sCarbonPeakandNeutralityStrategy,promotingNELVsisanimportantcomponentoftheIntermsofparkingmanagement,domesticcitiesdonotcarbonreductionmeasuresofthetransportationsector,imposehighpenaltiesonprivatecarsoccupyingtemporaryandisofgreatsignificancetotherealizationofChina’struckloading/unloadingzones,whichisdifferentthanCarbonPeakandNeutralityStrategy.Atpresent,neitherhowpenaltiesareapproachedbyinternationalcities.Fordomesticcitiesnorinternationalcitieshavepaidenoughexample,Londonimposesafineof€70to€150(£60toattentiontoemployascientificmethodforthesettingof£130)forparkingviolations.Itissuggestedthatdomestictemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs.Therefore,citiesstrengthenparkingmanagementtoensureparkingthisresearchfocusesonthesettingoftemporaryloading/availabilityforlogisticsvehicles,andtoregulatetheunloadingzonesforNELVs,andfindingsfromthisstudyparkingbehavioroflogisticsvehicles.willcontributetonotonlythedevelopmentofloading/unloadingzonessettingmethodsandtheories,butalsothe(3)InternationalcitiesindevelopedcountrieshavepromotionofNELVs.conductedmorein-depthplanningandresearchontruckparkingthandomesticcities,butthereisstillalackofin-depthstudiesonthesettingoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs.21StatusAnalysis3ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV3.1OverviewofUrbanDevelopment■Figure16Sub-districtsandtownofChanchengDistrict3.1.1LocationcharacteristicsSource:NICTPChanchengDistrictislocatedinthecenterofthePearl■Figure17DistancetosurroundingcitiesfromRiverDelta-oneofthemostflourishingeconomicChanchengDistrictregionsinChina.ChanchengDistrictisalsolocatedinthecentralurbanareaofFoshan,WestofthecentralurbanSource:NICTPareaofGuangzhou,makingChanchengajunctionintheGuangzhou-Foshanmetropolitanarea(seeFigure15).TheNanhaiDistrictofFoshanliesintheEast,West,andNorthofChancheng,andtotheSoutheastandSouthofChancheng,thenextDistrictistheShundeDistrictofFoshan.TheChanchengDistrictextends15kmfromNorthtoSouthand19kmwidefromEasttoWest,coveringanareaof153.88km2.Toprovideageographiccomparison,thisregionisbiggerthanParis,France(105km2).ChanchengDistricthasthreesub-districtsandonetown-Zumiao,Shiwan,Zhangcha,andNanzhuangTown(seeFigure16).Amongthem,Zumiaoislocatedintheoldcityarea,thecoreareaofChanchengDistrict,andthePeople’sGovernmentofChanchengisonDafuSouthRd,Zumiao.ChanchengDistricthassignificantadvantagesfor3.1.2EconomicdevelopmenttransportasitislocatedalongtheBeijing-GuangzhounationaltransportationcorridorandthecoastalThesocialeconomyofChanchengDistrictisgrowingtransportationcorridor.Chanchengislocated20kmawayrapidly.TheGDPofChanchengDistrictexceededfromGuangzhou,105kmfromShenzhen,135kmfrom€21.4billion(¥150billion)in2017andreached€27.1HongKongand110kmfromMacao(seeFigure17).billion(¥190.46billion)in2019.ThepercapitaGDP■Figure15LocationofChanchengDistrictofthedistrictevenleadsoverthoseofothercitiesinthePearlRiverDelta.In2019,thepercapitaGDPoftheSource:NICTPpermanentpopulationreached€22,975(¥160,529).However,affectedbytheCOVID-19pandemicin2020,theGDPdeclinedslightlyto€27.2billion(191.179billion),withadecreaseof0.5%overthepreviousyear(seeFigure18).In2020,thepercapitadisposableincomeofresidentsinthedistrictwas€7,857(¥55,141),anincreaseof3.6%overthepreviousyear(seeFigures19and20).23ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure18ChangesofGDPinChanchengDistrict2000.0018.016.01800.0014.012.01600.0010.08.01400.006.04.01200.002.00.01000.00-2.0800.00600.00400.00200.000.00200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GDP漏hundredmillionyuan漐GDPgrowthrate漏%漐Source:NICTP■Figure19TheGDPpercapitainthePearlRiverDeltain2019250000200000GDPpercapita(yuan)150000100000500000ShenzhenZhuhaiChanchengGuangzhouFoshanDongguanZhongshanHuizhouJiangmenZhaoqingSource:NICTP■Figure20Changesinpercapitadisposableincome6000048905532095514150000Percapitadisposableincome(yuan)400004519930000416583850134433354523150420000100000201320142015201620172018201920202012Source:NICTP24ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV3.2AnalysisontheStatusQuoofUrban3.2.2UrbanlogisticsvehiclesFreightDistributionDevelopmentTheownershiprateofurbanlogisticsvehiclesin3.2.1UrbanfreightdistributiondemandChanchengDistricthasmaintainedasteadygrowthtrendinrecentyears.ByJune2020,therewere29,627Foshan’ssocialandeconomicdevelopmentwasgreatlyconventionalfueledlogisticsvehiclesinChanchengaffectedbytheCOVID-19pandemicin2020,andinDistrict,including22,797smallcargo,1130mediumthatyear,thestatisticalindicatorsofChanchengfreightcargo,and5700largecargounits.ThenumberofNELVstransportationdeclinedconsiderablycomparedtothosehasalsogrownrapidly,withtherebeing712NELVsof2019.Thehighwayfreighttransportationvolumewasownedinthedistrictin2018,whichroseto898byJune31.23milliontons(t)in2020,withadecreaseof42.9%2020,including786pureelectriclogisticsvehiclesandoverthepreviousyear.Thetransportperformanceofgoods112hydrogenenergylogisticsvehicles(seeFigures24andmovementswas2.044billionton-kilometers(tkm),witha25).decreaserateof44.8%(seeFigure21).Table3TruckfleetcompositionandownershipinFoshanThetotalretailsaleofsocialconsumergoodswas€10.8cityandChanchengdistrictshowsthegrowthinthebillion(¥75.496billionin2020,withadecreaseof10.5%ownershiprateoflogisticsvehiclesinFoshanCityandoverthepreviousyear(seeFigure22).ChanchengDistrictinrecentyears.ChanchengDistrictaloneaccountsfortheownershipofahighproportionofHowever,thee-commercetransactionvolumeoftheNELVsinFoshan.ByJune2020,pureelectriclogisticsChanchengDistrictreached€40.2billion(¥281.91vehiclesinChanchengaccountedfor54.06%ofoverallbillion)in2020,5.0%morethaninthepreviousyear.vehiclesinFoshan,andhydrogenenergytrucksaccountedFigure23showsacomparisonofthee-commercefor24.83%ofthisnumber.transactionvolumesofFoshanandChanchenginrecentyears,withahighannualgrowthrateofbetween25-28%3.2.3Measurestofacilitatethepassageofbetweentheyearsof2015-2019.newenergytrucksWiththeeconomycontinuingtofacetheeffectsofInresponsetodifficultiesfornewenergytruckstoentertheCOVID-19pandemic,thecentralgovernmentofthecity,theFoshanPublicSecurityBureauissuedtheChinaputforwardthestrategyof“anewpatternof“OptimizingandImprovingPlanontheUrbanDeliverydevelopmentwithadomesticcycleasthemainbodyTruckTrafficManagement”inMarch2021.Theplanandadualcycleofinternationalanddomesticmutualcancelledtravelrestrictionsformedium-sizedGuangdong-promotion”toacceleratetheformationofanewpattern.licensedNELVswithaload-capacityof5tonsorless,andWiththedevelopmentpatternestablished,theeconomyallocatedshort-termloading/unloadingzonesforNELVswouldrecover,domesticconsumerdemandwouldexpandincoordinationwithrelevantgovernmentdepartmentstosteadily,andthedemandforurbanfreightdistributionfurtheralleviatethedifficultiesfacedbyurbanlogisticswouldalsoconsequentlyexpand.vehicleslookingtotravelandparkinFoshan.25ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure21RoadfreighttransportationvolumeandfreightturnoverofChanchengDistrict40600037.063534.86500032.623029.0429.7527.2740002520.4420300015517950545207528854693123200010001020152016201720182019202005507702014Roadfreightvolume(tenthousandtons)Freightturnover漏hundredmilliontonskilometer漐Source:NICTP■Figure22ChangesintotalretailsalesofconsumergoodsofChanchengDistrict900831.09812.81843.72800700747.29754.96Totalretailsalesofconsumergoods577.53659.35(100millionyuan)60050040030020010002015201620172018201920202014Source:NICTP■Figure23Comparisonchartofe-commercetransactionvolumebetweenFoshanandChancheng1200028%28%1030028%1000028%27%27%8827100millionyuan800027%Proportion26%26%633060005050174426%400013813836220025%268625%25%2000105724%024%20152016201720182019ChanchengDistrictFoshanCityProportionofChanchengDistrictSource:NICTP26ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure24ConventionalfueledlogisticsvehiclesownershipinChanchengDistrict25000229722286422797Numberofconventionalfueled20000logisticsvehicles(units)150001000045195220570050001085115511300201820192020/6/1SmallcargoMediumcargoLargecargoSource:NICTP■Figure25NELVsownershipinChanchengDistrict900800712786700748NumberofNELVs(unit)6005004003002001121121001901920192020/6/1020182017PureelectriclogisticsvehiclesHydrogenenergylogisticsvehiclesSource:NICTP■Table3TruckfleetcompositionandownershipinFoshancityandChanchengdistrictConventionalFuelTrucksElectrictrucksHydrogenEnergyTrucksArea20182019June20182019June20182019June202020202020FoshancityChanchengdistrict208,766219,994227,1181,1011,2411,45435451451ShareofChancheng28,57629,23929,6277127487861911211213.69%13.29%13.04%64.67%60.27%54.06%54.29%24.83%24.83%27ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV3.3DevelopmentStatusofTemporarylogisticsvehiclestousededicatedloading/unloadingzones,ParkingofUrbanLogisticsVehiclesbutthesamefeeasforpassengercarsappliesforurbanlogisticsvehicleswhouseotherroadsideloading/unloading3.3.1GeneralSituationzones.Furthermore,parkingfeeadministratorsdonothavetherighttotakeactionwhendedicatedloading/(1)Thedistributionofloading/unloadingzonesforunloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesareillegallyurbanlogisticsvehiclesoccupiedbypassengercars,andtheloading/unloadingzonescannotbeguaranteedtobeavailabletodeliveryInordertomeettherequirementsoftheNationalvehicles(seeFigure28).DemonstrationProjectofGreenUrbanFreight,ChanchengDistrictsetupthefirst30dedicatedloading/3.3.2Temporaryloading/unloadingzonesinunloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesafterafieldvariousareassurveyofroadsideland-useinmid-August2021.ThenewlyestablishedspacesmeetthebasicdeliveryneedsTheparkingmodesofurbanlogisticsvehiclesdifferofstoresalongtherespectivestreets.Thesededicatedaccordingtothetypesofbusinessesandareasthattheyareloading/unloadingzonesaremainlyinZumiao,Shiwan,usedin.ThisreportincludesananalysisofthestatusofandZhangchastreet(seeFigure26Spatialdistributiontemporaryparkingofurbanlogisticsvehiclesindifferentofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsgeographicareas,includinglargecommercialareas,vehiclesinChanchengDistrict).commercialstreets,andresidentialareas.(2)Thelayoutanddesignoftheloading/unloadingzones(1)LargecommercialareasThe30dedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanLargecommercialareasrefertotheareawherethelogisticsvehiclesinChanchengDistrictaremainlysetcity-levelordistrict-levelcommercialfacilitiesareuponnon-motorizedvehiclelanesandsidewalksbyconcentrated,includinglargesupermarkets,retailstores,convertingexistingroadsidepassengerloading/unloadingandgrocerystores,amongwhichlargesupermarketsarezonestodedicatedurbanlogisticsvehiclesloading/generallyequippedwiththeirowncargohandlingareasunloadingzonesandaddingnewroadsidespace.(locatedpartlyon-street,butmostlyinoff-streetareas).LargecommercialcomplexesaregenerallyequippedwithThesizeofeachloading/unloadingzoneis6m×2.5m,withoff-street,self-usecargoloading/unloadingzones.Someyellowmarkingsandwhitewords,oryellowmarkingsandcommercialplazasarealsoequippedwithurbanfreightgreenwords(indicatingthattheloading/unloadingzonesdistributionvehicleloading/unloadingzones,whicharearetobeusedexclusivelybyurbanlogisticsvehicles,seegenerallylocatedatthesideorbackofthebuildings(seeFigure27).Someloading/unloadingzonesareslightlyFigures29to32).adjustedto6m×1.8mor6.2m×2.2maccordingtoactualroadconditions.Theloading/unloadingzonesareonly(2)Commercialstreetsdemarcatedwithparkingberthmarkingsonthepavement,withoutotherindicatingsignsormonitoringequipment,Shopsalongcommercialstreetsaremainlyclothingstores,astheseandothersupportingequipmentarenotyetbars,andcateringshops,whichcanhavebothregularandcompleted.irregulardeliverydemands.However,duetotheshortageoflandincommercialstreets,roadsideshopsusuallydo(3)Parkingmanagementnothavetemporaryloading/unloadingzonesavailableoff-streetforloading/unloadinggoods(seeFigure33).Atpresent,thereisstillalackofrelevantmanagementDeliveryvehiclesgenerallystopon-streetandoccupymeasuresforurbanfreightdistributionvehicleloading/motorvehiclelanes,bicyclelanesorsidewalksforloading/unloadingzones.Therearenoparkingfeesforurbanunloadingoperations.28(3)ResidentialareasResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVResidentialareasrefertoarelativelyindependentSource:NICTPpopulatedareawithresidentialbuildings,supermarkets,conveniencestores,expressdeliverystalls,hotels,and■Figure28Dedicatedloading/unloadingzonescateringshops,andrelatedbusinesses.Thesedailylifeoccupiedbypassengercarsfacilitiesgeneratedeliverydemands,andthereforeparkingdemands,ofdeliveryvehicles.Thereareusuallyrelativelylargeloading/unloadingzoneslocatedinfrontofroadsideshops,andpassengercarloading/unloadingzonesaregenerallydesignatedinnewlybuiltresidentialareasduetotheirrelativelywidebuildingconcessions.Usingtheseconvenientoff-streetfacilities,deliveryvehiclesgenerallyload/unloadgoodsinthebuildingconcessionspacesinsteadofthestreets.Inolderresidentialareashowever,urbanlogisticsvehiclesgenerallycanstillonlyload/unloadgoodsonbicyclelanesandsidewalks,andevenon-streetinmotorvehicleslanes,whichseriouslyaffectsthesafetyandconvenienceofotherroadusers(seeFigures34and35).Insomecases,privatecarsoccupytheloading/unloadingzonesdedicatedtourbanlogisticsvehicles.Theparkingneedsofurbanlogisticsvehiclescanthereforenotbeguaranteedwiththesefrequenton-streetstoppingpracticeseventakenbyprivatevehicles.■Figure26Spatialdistributionofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesinChanchengDistrictdistributionvehicleparkingzonesSource:NICTP■Figure29EntranceofLoading/unloadingareaatWal-MartSource:NICTP■Figure27Dedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesSource:NICTPSource:NICTP29ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure30Loading/unloadingareaatChina■Figure33ShopsalongZumiaocommercialResourcesVanguardstreetSource:NICTPSource:NICTP■Figure31Loading/unloadingareaatHuaqiang■Figure34UrbanlogisticsvehiclesoccupyingPlazamotorvehiclelanesSource:NICTPSource:NICTP■Figure32Loading/unloadingareaatOriental■Figure35UrbanlogisticsvehiclesoccupyingPlazathesidewalkSource:NICTPSource:NICTP30ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV3.4MainProblemsgoodswhileoccupyingmotorvehiclelanes,bicyclelanes,orsidewalkspaces.TheserandomlyparkingdeliveryFollowingfieldinvestigationsandtheanalysisofthevehiclesencroachonroadspaceandnegativelyaffectcurrentstatusoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesfortrafficoperationsandthesafetyofvehicles,pedestrians,deliveryvehiclesinvarioustypesofareasinChanchengandfreightdeliveryvehicleloadingandunloadingDistrict,FoshanCity,itcanbeseenthatthemainexistingpersonnel.problemsareasfollows:(3)Ascientificandcomprehensivemethodforsettinguptemporaryloading/unloadingzoneshasnotyetbeen(1)Thelocationofspecialtemporaryparkingspotsforformed.logisticsvehiclesneedtobeoptimized,andparkingAlthoughChanchengDistrictsettemporaryloading/managementmeasuresneedtobestrengthened.unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles,ithasnotappliedascientificandcomprehensivesettingmethodChanchengDistrictsetup30dedicatedloading/orconductanytheoreticalresearchtosupporteffectivelyunloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesasrequiredmatchingparkingsupplyanddemand,anddevelopingbytheNationalDemonstrationProjectofGreenUrbanafoundationofinformationthatcouldhelpwithFreight,whichgreatlyrelievedtheparkingdifficultiesresponsiblelocationselectionofloading/unloadingzones.ofurbanlogisticsvehicles.However,theconvenienceTheroadmarkingsfortheselocationsalsovary,aunifiedandthespecificityoftheuseofurbanlogisticsvehiclesstandardforthesehavenotyetbeenformedandthereloading/unloadingzonesarestillyettobepromotedandarenocorrespondingparkingsignsorothersupportingguaranteed.facilitiesatcurrentloading/unloadingzones.ThenextstepofthisstudyproposesareasonablemethodAsfarastheparkingsiteselectionisconcerned,someforsiteselectionprocesses,throughscientificresearch,anddedicatedloading/unloadingzonesarenotclosetodeliveryoutlinespilotapplicationswhichcanprovideguidanceforpointsortherearenoshopsaroundthededicatedloading/furtherstepsandimplementation.unloadingzones,whichisinconvenienttodeliveryvehicles■Figure36Unreasonableparkingsiteselection(seeFigure36).Astoparkingmanagementmeasures,someofthededicatedloading/unloadingzonesareoftenSource:NICTPoccupiedbypassengercarsandtheiravailabilitycannotbeguaranteedfordeliveryvehicles.Necessaryparking31managementandpenaltiesneedtobestrengthenedtoensurethesespacesremainavailablefordeliveries.(2)Random(illegal)parkingoflogisticsvehiclesiscommon,whichaffectsroadtrafficsafetyandconvenienceCurrently,therearenorequirementsforconstructingtemporaryloading/unloadingzonesfordeliveryvehiclesincommercialareas,commercialstreets,residentialareas,oratlargepublicbuildingsexceptforlargesupermarketsandindustrialbuildings,whicharerequiredtobeequippedwithloading/unloadingyards.AlthoughChanchenghassetup30temporaryloading/unloadingzonesfordeliveryvehicles,thenumberofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesisstillnotenoughtomeetthearea’sactualdeliverydemand.Furthermore,thededicatedloading/unloadingzonescannotbeguaranteedforexclusiveusebydeliveryvehiclesduetoalackofnecessarymanagement.Itisstillacommonphenomenonthatdeliveryvehiclesload/unloadSettingMethodsand4DemonstrationsofApplicationResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVHavingidentifiedandanalysedthedevelopmentstatusNOVELOG[2]isathree-yearresearchprojectfocusingofurbanfreightdistributioninChanchengDistrictandongaininginsightintoUFT.12internationalcitiesandthetemporaryparkingofurbanlogisticsvehicles,thisregionsareinvolvedintheproject.TheNOVELOGstudydemonstratedthenecessityofresearchingthesettingprojectfillsthegapinthecurrentSUMPmethodandmethod(siteselectionmethods)oftemporaryloading/putsforwardspecificguidelinesfortheauthoritiesunloadingzonesforNELVsinChanchengDistrict.andgovernmentsonhowtointegrateurbanfreightTheresultsofthisresearcharepresentedinthissectiontransportationschemes,measures,andpoliciesintoandincludediscussionsrelatingtothedeterminingofsustainablemobilityplanning.SimilarlytoSUMP,thelayoutofloading/unloadingzones,determiningtheseguidelinesareentitledSustainableUrbanLogisticstheconfigurationmodeofsupportingfacilities,andPlanning(SULP)[3].establishingascientificandcomprehensivemethodforsettingtemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs.ThedefinitionofSULPechoesthedefinitionofSUMP,Thispartoftheprojectwillintroducetheplanningthatis,“theoverallplanningstrategyofurbanfreightconcept,thespecificstepsincludedinthesettingmethod,toensureefficientandsustainablelogisticsoperationinanddemonstrationsoftheapplicationofthismethodinurbanareas.”Therefore,SULPisinlinewiththeoverallChanchengDistrict.visionofSUMP.ThedevelopmentofSULPalsoreflectsthedevelopmentofSUMP,butitfocusesmoreonthe4.1PlanningConceptsmovementoffreightandtheuseofUFTsolutions.4.1.1Planningpositioning4.1.2PlanningguidelinesSustainableUrbanMobilityPlanning(SUMP)isaTheSULPplanningcycleisformulatedwithreferencetostrategicplanningmethodologytosatisfythemobilitytheSUMPplanningcycle.Atthesametime,takingintoneedsofpeopleandbusinessesincitiesandtheiraccountthedifficultyofobtainingdatarelatedtourbansurroundingsforabetterqualityoflife,whichisbasedfreighttransportation,thecomplexityofproblemscausedontheexistingplanningpracticeandfullyconsidersthebymultipleindustrystakeholdersandtheirdecentralisedprinciplesofintegration,participation,andevaluation.operationenvironment,someplanningstepsoftheSUMPInprinciple,itsolvestheproblemofefficientmobilityareadjustedorreduced,resultinginthefollowingsixstepsandefficientdistributionofgoodsincities,butthereisformingtheSULPcycle.stillalackofspecificguidelines.Thecomplexityofurban■Figure37Distributionmapofcountriesandfreightdistributionincludesawiderangeofvariousfreightactivities,therelationshipbetweenfreightactorswithregionsparticipatinginNOVELOGprojectdifferentandoftenconflictingdemandsandobjectives,andaseriesofnegativeenvironmentalandsocialimpactsSource:NOVELOGGuidelinessuchascongestion,airandnoisepollution,andsafetyhttp://www.novelog.eu/concerns.Thisalsomakesitdifficultforpolicyplannerstoputforwardstandardmeasuressuitablefordifferent33urbanenvironments.Atthesametime,thecontinuousdevelopmentofscientificresearchandpracticeofurbanfreighttraffic(UFT)andurbanlogisticshasintroducednewsolutionstosolvetheproblemsbroughtbyurbanfreighttraffic.ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVStep1:Determinethecity’spotentialforasuccessfulStep6:IdentifyanddevelopaneffectivepackageofurbanfreightplanningprocessmeasuresThepotentialcanbedeterminedbyfirstdefiningtheteamInordertofacilitatetheformulationofmeasures,responsibleforSULPdesignandimplementationintheNOVELOGprojectdevelopedatoolkitcontaining250localgovernment,determiningthekeystakeholdersofmeasuresandsummarizedthesustainabilityimpactoftheUFT,andorganisingaSULPmulti-stakeholderplatformcitiesimplementingthemeasures.Inaddition,EVALOGtoanalyseurbanfreightdataandotherresources,withtheisappliedtotheevaluationofimplementationmeasures,goaltoevaluateandimprovethecity’sunderstandingofandtheindexvaluesbeforeandafterimplementationareUFT.comparedtoevaluatewhetherthemeasuresadopted“inadvance”and“after”achievedtheirexpectedresults.Step2:Definethedevelopmentprocessandscopeoftheplan4.1.3ApplicationoftheSULPconceptThedeterminationofthescopeofSULPplanningresearchReferringtothesixstepsproposedintheSULPplanningneedstoconsiderfactorssuchasthetypeofurbanlogisticsguide,theirapplicationtothisprojectcanbesummarisedinthespecificimplementationcityandallowstakeholdersintothefollowingsixaspects:toparticipateintheplanningprocessandformulateworkplans,whichincludeobjectives,tasks,andcorresponding1)SULPbeginsbyidentifyingthestakeholdersinvolvedtimeframes.inthesustainablelogisticsplanningprocess,identifyingthekeyparticipantsamongthem,andorganisingStep3:AnalysethecurrentUFTsituationthemtobetterunderstandurbanfreightdistribution.Thisproject,referringtoStep1ofSULP,establishesaThecurrentsituationofurbanUFTisusuallyanalysedbyresearchgroupwiththegovernment,thepublic,expertsquantifyingthemainfreighttrafficoperationparameters,andotherstakeholders,andclarifiesthedatathattheandtheimpactandexternalitiesoftheparameters.Basedprojectneedstoobtainduringtheplanningprocessandonthisdata,theexistingproblemsofurbanUFTarehowtoobtainit,soastohaveamorecomprehensivedeterminedandfuturedevelopmentopportunitiescanbeunderstandingofthestatusquoofurbanfreightinevaluated.ChanchengDistrict;Step4:Developacommonvisionandfutureimprovement2)Secondly,SULPdefinestheplanningdevelopmentscenarioprocessandthescopeofthestudy,involvingstakeholdersintheplanningprocess.ThisprojectrefersTheformulationofvisionobjectivesofSULPneedsatoStep2ofSULP,proposesaclearresearchscope,andsetofspecificandmeasurableindicators.NOVELOGformulatesresearchideasandworkplans,includinghasdevelopedacomprehensiveevaluationframeworkprojectobjectives,theresearchperiod,researchcontent,(EVALOG),includingprimaryandsecondaryobjectivesandrelatedsteps;andrelevantindicators,whichcanbeusedtomeasuretheexpectedimpactoftheimplementationoftheoverall3)Thirdly,afterdefiningtheplanninganddevelopmentSULPandindividualUFTmeasures.Inaddition,thisprocessandresearchscope,SULPproposestoanalysestepalsosuggeststoformulateshort-termandlong-termthestatus,problemsandopportunitiesofurbanfreightdevelopmentobjectivesunderdifferentdevelopmenttransportationbyquantifyingthecorrespondingscenariosandreachconsensusamongstakeholdersparametersandtheirimpacts.Inthisproject,referringaccordingtothepreviousanalysisresultsofurbanUFT.toStep3ofSULP,itisproposedthatafterdeterminingtheresearchscope,researchideas,andworkplan,Step5:Setprioritiesandmeasurabletargetson-the-spotresearchwastobeconductedtoobtainquantitativeindicators,andanalysethecurrentsituationDeterminekeyperformanceindicatorsaccordingtotheestablishedvisionandobjectivesandsetrelatedpriorityimprovementactionswithmeasurabletargets.34ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVandexistingproblemsoffreightdistributionloading/wereputforward.Finally,theexperienceoftheprojectisunloadingzonesinChanchengDistrict;summarisedinordertoprovidelessonsforthesettingoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVsinother4)ReferringtoStep4ofSULP,thisprojectproposestocitiesinChina.jointlyformulateavisionandobjectiveswithmultiplestakeholders;4.2ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingzonesforNELVs5)ReferringtoStep5ofSULP,thisprojectdetermineskeyparametersaccordingtotheestablishedvisionTheobjectivesofthisresearchincludethreeaspects:andobjectives,andconductsstrategicanalysisunderdifferentscenariostoclarifythepriorityofmeasures1)Developacomprehensiveandscientificmethodologysuchasincreasingsupplyandadjustingdemand,and;forallocatingtemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs,includingparkingsettingapproaches,policies,6)ThefinalstepofSULPistodevelopatoolkittoguidedesignation,andtheconfigurationofrelatedfacilities.thedevelopmentofmeasures.ThisprojectreferstoStep6ofSULPandproposestodetermineanddevelopaset2)Developanallocationplanfortemporaryloading/ofeffectiveresearchmethodsforthesettingofloading/unloadingzonesforNELVsinChanchengDistrictandunloadingzonesintransportandurbanplanningselectpilotareastoimplementtheplan.processes,whichcanbeusedforthesettingofloading/unloadingzonesineachresearchlocation.3)ThroughSino-Germancooperation,exploreeffectivemeasurestoalleviatethedifficultiesNELVsfaceInaddition,thevisionandobjectivesofSULPincludewithroadaccess,parkingandloading/unloading,economic,environmentalandsocialaspects.Theaswellassummarizetheseexperiences,andprovideeconomicaspectsincludeimprovingurbanfreightdemonstrationswithtransferabilityanalysisforotherefficiencyandcargoloadfactors.SocialaspectsincludecitiesinChina.improvingtheaccessibilityoffreightservices,advocatingsustainablefreightbehaviour,andreducingcongestion.AccordingtotheSULPconcept,thisstudyputsforwardTheenvironmentalaspectsareaimedatreducingcarbonthefollowingresearchideas:dioxideemissions.ThepromotionofNELVsisoneofthekeymeasurestobetakenforreducingcarbondioxide1)Necessity:Analysethenecessityandfeasibilityofemissions.Theformulationofconvenientmeasuresforsettingupdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesinthepassage,parking,andloading/unloadingofNELVsisdifferentscenarios.ofgreatsignificanceforthepromotionofNELVs.Asanimportantpartofthelastmileofurbandistribution,the2)Method:CombinedwiththeroadconditionsandtemporaryparkingpointofNELVsplaysasignificantrolethesupplyanddemandcharacteristicsofshopsalonginfacilitatingtheparkingofNELVs,energyconservationthestreet,thesettingmethodofdedicatedloading/andemissionreduction,costreduction,andefficiencyunloadingzonesisstudied,includingthecalculationofincrease.thenumberofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesandthedeterminationoftheirlocation.Therefore,basedonthereferencesofdomesticandforeignurbancasesandtheanalysisofthecurrentsituationfor3)Form:Designsignsandmarkingsandimprovethethesettingoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforsupportingfacilitiesofthededicatedloading/unloadingNELVsinChanchengDistrict,thisprojectconstructszones.asettingmethodologyofloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs.ThemethodisbasedontheSULPconceptand4)Management:RefinethemanagementofurbanaimstoalleviatetheparkingdifficultiesofNELVs.InlogisticsvehiclesparkingbasedontheSULPconcept,addition,2pilotlocationswereselectedinChanchengincludingparkingtimemanagement,parkingorderDistricttocarryoutthedemonstrationapplicationofthesettingoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs.35Then,relevantmanagementmeasuresandsuggestionsResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVmanagement,parkingchargemanagement,multi-party2)Residentialareasparticipation,andrelatedactions.Residentialareasrefertorelativelyindependentareaswith4.1.3Scenarioanalysis,freightdemandacertainpopulationandlandscale,withacentralizedsurveyandfieldobservationslayoutofresidentialbuildings,publicbuildings,greenspaces,roads,andotherengineeringfacilities,surrounded4.2.1.1Landusebyurbanstreetsornaturalboundaries.TherearemanytypesandsmallscalesofshopsalongthestreetinaUnderdifferentlandtypes,thereareobviousdifferencesresidentialarea,suchasconveniencestores,postalexpressintheoperationcharacteristicsofshopsalongstreetsoutlets,restaurants,freshfoodstores,andotherstoreswithandroadtraffic.Itisthereforenecessarytoanalysethestrongdistributionneeds,aswellasintermediaries,barbernecessityandfeasibilityofsettingupdedicatedloading/shops,educationandtraininginstitutions,andotherstoresunloadingzonesfordifferentland-usescenarios.withnegligibledistributionneeds.1)BusinessareasParkingfacilitiesarenecessarytosupportservicefacilitiesinresidentialareas.Foranewlybuiltcommunity,thereBusinessareasrefertotheareaswherethecity-widearegenerallysufficientparkingfacilities,manybuildingordistrict-levelcommercialoutletsareconcentrated.concessions,andlargeloading/unloadingspacesinfrontofBusinessareasaregenerallylocatedinurbancentresorshopsalongstreets(seeFigure40).Foroldercommunities,areaswithconvenienttransportationnetworksandaduetohistoricalreasons,parkingallocationsintheseareaslargepopulation.Theseareasusuallyhavethecity’slargeareseriouslyinsufficient,andtheparkingphenomenonofwholesalecentresandlargecomplexesattheircoreandarehavingvehiclesoccupyingcarriagewaysandpavementsiscomposedofdozensorevenhundredsofprofessionalorprominent(seeFigure41).comprehensivecommercialenterprises.Abusinessareaischaracterisedbymanyshops,alargescale,andacompleteTheresidentsofresidentialareasmainlytravelforvarietyofgoods.commuting,andtheirtraveltimesresultindoublepeaks–ofoneinthemorningandoneintheevening.TheseLargecommercialbuildingsarethecorebuildingsoftrafficvolumesarelargeduringpeakperiodsandsmallerbusinessareas,withalargedemandfordistribution.inotherperiods.Usually,thebuildingschemeisequippedwithaproprietaryloading/unloadingarea,andtheproperty3)Tourismareasuniformlymanagestheloading/unloadingtimes,locations,vehicleparking,andrelatedprocesses.TheshopsinTourismareasrefertoregionalplaceswithtourismandcommercialstreetsaremainlyfood,clothingandelectronicrelatedactivitiesastheirmainfunctionsoroneoftheirequipmentstores,withhighcommercialactivityalongthemainfunctions,andassuch,theselocationsneedtomeetstreet(examplesofthesestreetsareillustratedinFiguressuchtourismneedsasprovidingoptionsforsightseeing,38and39).leisurevacations,recreationandfitnessprograms.TourismareasmustthereforeneedtohavecorrespondingAsthecoreofurbandevelopment,thespecialgeographicalfacilitiesandproviderelatedservices.Shopsalongstreetslocationandhighcommercialvaluemakethebuildingaroundtourismareasoftenholdmainlyrestaurants,fooddensityofbusinessareasgenerallyhigh,resultinginstores,conveniencestores,andshopssellinggoodsandlargeroadtrafficflowsandsaturationinthebusinesssouvenirsrelatedtothecharacteristicsofthetourismareaarea.Duringpeakperiods,thestreetnetworkscanbe(seeFigures42and43forexamplesofhistorictouristoverloaded,andthephenomenonoftrafficcongestionlocations).Thesizeoftouristflowsintourismareasisprominent.Inaddition,businessareashavehighonweekendsandmediumandlongholidaysismuchdevelopmentintensity,richdevelopmentformats,andalargerthanonweekdays.Residentsandtouristsmainlystrongattractiontocitizens.travelthroughslowlymovingtrafficintourismareasandsurroundingsites,andthereforerequiregoodqualitywalkingenvironments.36■Figure38LingnanStationResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure42ZumiaoSource:NICTPSource:NICTP■Figure39ZumiaoRoad■Figure43AncientNanfengKilnSource:NICTPSource:NICTP■Figure40Newcommunity4.2.1.2Storetypes,deliverycharacteristicsandasurveyoffreightdemandsSource:NICTPTherearemanytypesofstoresalongstreetsinurbanareas,■Figure41Oldcommunitysuchasconveniencestores,supermarkets,postalexpressoutlets,restaurants,freshfoodstores,pharmacies,andSource:NICTPrelatedserviceoutlets.Thedistributionrequirementsandtheparkingcharacteristicsofurbanlogisticsvehiclesaredifferentandmayalsochangedependingoniftheyareoperatingintourist,businessorresidentialareas.Throughaninvestigationofthevehicle’sdistributionfrequencyandtiming,loading/unloadingdurationandothercharacteristicsoftheneedsofstoresalongthestreet,theprojectanalysedthedistributionandparkingcharacteristicsofdeliveriesfordifferentstores.Adescriptionofhowtheseindividualindicatorswereconsideredisbelow:Distributionfrequency:thenumberoftimesthestoreneedsdistributedgoods,timesperday.Distributiontime:thetimeofdaywhengoodsarereceivedorsentbythestore.Durationofloading/unloadingactivities:thedurationoftimefromthearrivaloflogisticsvehiclesattemporary37ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVloading/unloadingareastothecompletionofloading/2)Roadsinresidentialareas:HoulongFirstStreet,unloadingactivities,whichisgenerallydeterminedbytheHoulongEastStreet,LvjingFirstRoad.typeofdistributiongoods.3)Roadsintourismareas:GaomiaoRoad,TiandiRoad.Inthisproject,severalroadswereselectedfortheinvestigation,inbusinessareas,residentialareasandBasedonsurveyfindings,thedistributiondemandtourismareas(seeFigure44).characteristicsofvariousstoresalongthesurveyedstreetsareshownintheTable4.Thesurveyresultsareaverages1)Roadsinbusinessareas:FuhuaRoad,ZumiaoRoad,calculatedfromdatacollectedacrossthedifferentareas.JinshengFourthStreet.■Figure44Schematicdiagramofthelocationoftheinvestigatedroadsection■Table4Distributiondemandcharacteristicsofvariousstores:SurveyresultsRecipientTypeFacilityDistributionDeliverytimeStopdurationCharacteristicsConvenienceStoresurface(m2)Frequency(minutes)Supermarket(times/day)PostalExpressOutlet20-1001-2Flexible5-10RestaurantFixed,after22:0010-302500-50003-5orfixedtime10-20Widevarietyofcommodities,highFreshFoodStoreduringthedaytime5-10frequencyofdeliveries,mainlyPharmacy20-1003-410-20deliveredbycommercialenterprises.OthersFixedtimeduring5-1020-1501thedaytime5-30Highfrequencyofdeliveries,fixeddeliverytimes,directdistributionorFixedtime4:00-franchiseoutsourcing.6:00usuallyDeliveryduringearlymorning,20-1003-5Flexiblelittleimpactontraffic,supplierdistributionoroperatorspurchase.50-1000.3-1Flexible/Highfrequency,flexible,self-LowfrequencyFlexibleoperateddistributionorsupplierdistributionAveragefrequencywithacertaindegreeofvolatilityLowfrequency.38ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVThefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfromthegrades,functionpositionings,roadwidth,roadtrafficinvestigation:volumes,andotherconditions,andisdoneinaccordancewithstandardssuchastheGuidelinesforapplicationof1)Conveniencestores,postalexpressoutlets,restaurants,on-streetparkingmanagementfacilityonurbanroad[4]andandfreshfoodstoreshavestrongdistributiondemands.Specificationsforsettingofon-streetloading/unloadingThesestoresreceivedeliveriesatleastonceaday,andzonesonurbanroads[5].Accordingtothesestandards,itatmost3-5timesaday.Therefore,dedicatedloading/canbedeterminedwhetherloading/unloadingzonescanunloadingzonesshouldbesetnearstoreswithstrongbesetunderthegivenroadconditions(seeTable5).distributiondemand.Note:TheroadconditionsinTable5arethesetting2)Thedeliverytimesofgoodstovariousstoresisconditionsfortheloading/unloadingzones.Formoreinconsistent.Thedeliverytimeofshipmentsreachingspecificloading/unloadingzonessettingconditions,pleasesupermarketsandpostalexpressoutletsisfixed,usuallyrefertotheGuidelinesforapplicationofon-streetparkinginthedaytime.ThedeliverytimeforrestaurantsmanagementfacilityonurbanroadandtheSpecificationsisfixed,usuallyintheearlymorning.Thedeliveryforsettingofon-streetloading/unloadingzonesonurbantimeofotherstoresisnotfixed,butfallsgenerallyinroadsbyMPSofChina.daytimeandoff-peakhours.Therefore,itissuggestedthatshopsalongthestreetcanunifytheirdistributionInaddition,thesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingperiod,reasonablyspecifytheparkingtimeofdedicatedzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicleisrelatedtothewalkingloading/unloadingzones,andallowothervehiclestodistancecoveredduringgoodsdistributionoperations.Theparkinotherperiods,soastoimprovetheutilisationwalkingdistancereferstothedistancethatdistributionandefficiencyofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones.personneltraveltotransportgoodsfromtheloading/unloadingzonestothestore.Whetherthededicated3)Thedurationofloading/unloadingtimeformosttypesloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclescanofstoresisgenerallylessthan15minutes,whiletheeffectivelyservethestoresalongthestreetisaffectedbyloading/unloadingtimeoflargesupermarketsislonger,thewalkingdistancethatthesegoodsmustbetransportedbutnotmorethan30minutes.Therefore,itissuggestedover.Walkingdistancesarealsoaffectedbyroadthattheparkingtimeofdedicatedloading/unloadingconditions(whetheranisolationfenceissetup),handlingzonesshouldbeappropriatetothesedurations,andnotmode(manpower,trolleys),cargocharacteristics(weight,betoolong.volume),andrelatedfactors.Accordingtothefieldsurvey,themaximumwalkingdistancebetweenvehiclestopsand4.2.1.3Roadconditionsentrancedooroftherecipient(calledthewalkingdistanceinthefollowingsections)thatwouldbeacceptabletoaThesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforon-driver,is20m.roadlogisticsvehiclesisaffectedbyconsiderationsofroad■Table5Settingconditionsofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforon-roadlogisticsvehiclesRoadsectionsnotallowedtoseton-Roadconditionstreetloading/unloadingzones●Expressways,pavements,crosswalks,firepassages,wheelchairramps,thefunctionalareaofRoadsectionsallowedtoseton-intersections.streetloading/unloadingzones●Roadswithasingle-directionmotor-vehicletrafficsaturationof0.8orhigherduringpeakhoursandasingle-directionbicycletrafficsaturationof0.85orhigherduringpeakhours.●Wheretheremainingwidthofthebicyclelaneaftersettingofloading/unloadingzonesisnolessthan2.5m.●Wheretheremainingwidthofatwo-waycarriagewayaftersettingofloading/unloadingzonesisnolessthan6m.●Wheretheremainingwidthofaone-waycarriagewayaftersettingofloading/unloadingzonesisnolessthan4m.39ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVBasedonthemaximumwalkingdistanceacceptabletoEvenifthedrivingdistanceofadeliveryroundtripishighthedriver,themaximumserviceradiusofthededicatedcomparedtothewalkingdistance,asurveyinLondon,loading/unloadingzonesis20m,thereforeadedicatedEnglandshowedthatonaverage70-80%oftheworkloading/unloadingzonecouldeffectivelyservearoadtimeofadriverisspentonwalkingandwaitingforalengthforatotaldistanceofabout40m(seeFigure45).client,and20-30%oftheirtimeisleftfordrivingontheOverthelengthofeachroad,itwouldthenbenecessaryroad.Amoreefficientdesignofwalkingdistancewouldtostudyobstaclesorothersectionfactorswhensettingthereforetriggersubstantialtimeandeconomicbenefitsupthelocationofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones.fordrivers.Basedonthisanalysis,aflowchartillustratingInaddition,consideringtheloading/unloadingdistancethenecessityandfeasibilityofsettingdedicatedloading/andthesafetyandconvenienceofloading/unloadingunloadingzonescanbeestablishedastheanalyticaloperations,dedicatedloading/unloadingzonessetonframeworkforsettingdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesonesideofatwo-laneroadcouldpotentiallyserveshops(seeFigure46).onbothsides,iftheroaddidnothaveacentralbarrier.Dedicatedloading/unloadingzonessetononesideofaForscenariowithoutdedicatedloading/unloadingtwo-wayroadwithfourandmorelanes,however,couldzones,thedemandfordistributionandparkingcanbeonlysafelyserveshopsononeside.differentiatedbyoptimisingdistributiontimes,thesharingofloading/unloadingzones,astrengtheningofparkingmanagementstrategies,andothermeasures.■Figure45SchematicdiagramofwalkingdistancesfromstoppingpointtoentrancedoorsShopsalongthestreetOn-streetparkingspacesloadingandunloadingdistanceIsolationrailingSource:NICTP■Figure46Flowchartofnecessityandfeasibilityanalysisofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesYesorNoHighdemandSeriouscontradictionGoodroadconditions•Thetotaldeliveryfrequencyofthe•Severelyinsucientparking•Transformtheexistingparkingspacetoshopsalongtheroadsegmentis4facilitiesinoldcommunities.dedicatedparkingspacepreferentially.timesormorefrom9:00to17:00.•Disorderlyparking.•Meettherequirementsofrelevantnationalandmunicipalstandards.YesThescenededicatedAdequatesupplyPoorroadconditionsloading/unloadingLowdemand•Buildingsequippedwithdedicatedloading/unloadingzones.•Highvehicletracﬂoworpedestrianﬂow.parkingzonescanbeset•Thetotaldeliveryfrequencyofthe•Buildingswithsetbackof4mwideormore,•Roadspacenotmeettherequirementsofshopsalongtheroadsegmentislessandallowvehiclestoparkinthesetbackspace.relevantstandards.NoThescenededicatedthan4timesfrom9:00to17:00.loading/unloadingparkingzonescannotbesetSource:NICTP40ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV4.2.2ZoneSettingMethodssuchstoresarenotwithinthescopeofdemandcalculation.Inaddition,commercialcomplexeswithdedicated4.2.2.1Roadsegmentationunloadingsitesarealsonotwithinthescopeofdemandestimation(seeFigure48).Consideringtheentirelengthofeachroad,itisnecessaryAccordingtofieldsurveysconductedaspartofthistoidentifyandstudyindividualroadsectionswhensettingresearch,thedistributionfrequencyandthedurationofupdedicatedloading/unloadingzones.Thesettingofloading/unloadingactivitiesofeachstorecanbeidentifiedadedicatedzoneinonespecificroadsectionismainlyandexamined.Inthisstudy,acalculationmethodofbasedonthedistributiondemandsandloading/unloadingdistributionparkingdemandconsideringtheabovedistancesofstoresalongthestreet.Thestepsofroadparametersisproposed,anditscalculationformulaisassegmentationareasfollows:follows:Step1:Preliminarilyselectthestoreswiththelargestmdistributiondemandsineachroadsectionandtaketheseasthereferencepoints.Thentakethemaximumloading/∑DMk=fiktikunloadingdistanceastheserviceradius(20m)anddelimiti=1a40mlongroadsection.DMkdenotesthedemandinthestudyareawithinthetimeStep2:ThesectioninStep1isusedtoservestoresuptobothends,andthevaluecanbeflexiblytakenaccordingperiodofk.Misthecollectionofallshopsalongthegiventostore’sdistributiondemands.Ifthetotalnumberofstreet.misthenumberofshopsalongthegivenstreet.deliveriestostoresinthesegmentisnotlessthan4times/day,thesectioncanbedividedinto40m.Ifthetotalfikdenotesthedistributionfrequencyofshopiinthenumberofdeliveriestostoresinthesegmentislessthan4times/day,thesectionlengthcanbeextended,andtheperiodk.Assumingthateachdeliveryoccupiesaparkingmaximumlengthcanbedefinedas100m(seeFigure47).space,tikthendenotesthetimedurationforeachloading/unloadingoperationofshopiinaparkingspace,inperiodk,whichgenerallyhasavalueof15minutes.4.2.2.3Calculationofthenumberofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesStep3:Forroadswithtwolanes,storesonbothsidesshallAccordingtofieldinvestigationsconductedinthepilotbesegmentedatthesametime.Roadsoffourormoreareaforthisproject,thedurationofasingleloading/two-waylanesaredividedintosectionsforshopsoneachunloadingactivityisgenerallycompletedwithin15sideseparately.minutes.Therefore,thedurationofasingleloading/unloadingactivityiscalculatedas15minuteswhen4.2.2.2Demandestimationdeterminingthedemandthresholdforsettingupdedicatedloading/unloadingzones.Thethresholdisreachedwhen‘Distributionparkingdemand’referstotheamountofthedemandofshopsfordistributionandparkinginatimethataparkingspaceisusedfortemporaryparkinggivensectionbetween9:00to17:00isatleast60loading/andloading/unloadingoperations(usingeitheron-roadunloadingzonesperminute,orthetotalnumberofloading/unloadingzonesoron-roadavailablespace)todistributiontimesoftheshopsinthedaytimeineachmeetthedistributionrequirementsofstoresalongastreet.sectionreaches4times.Thebuildingsetbackarea(areaofspacebetweentheroadThecalculationformulaforthescaleofdedicatedloading/andthestore)ofsomestorescanbelargespaces,sourbanunloadingzonesisasfollows:logisticsvehiclescanbeparkedinthisareainfrontofthebuilding.Asthesebuildingsetbackareasofeachstorearem=axDMk∑fiktikdedicatedtoarespectivestore,theparkingdemandsofTkmaxi∈M=(kTk1,2,...,n)=Xadd41ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure47Schematicdiagramofroadsegmentationadaptedtodemandandwalkingdistance40-10040meters40-100Shopswiththefrequencymoremetersaroundmetersthan2times/day…………Shopswiththefrequencybetween1-2times/day…………Shopswiththefrequencylessthan1times/dayOn-streetparkingspaces40metersaroundTwo-lane40-10040meters40-100metersaroundmeters……………………Four-laneandaboveSource:NICTP■Figure48EstimatedscopeofdistributionparkingdemandIncludedOn-streetparkingzonesOtheravailablespacesinthestreetNotincludedDedicatedloading/unloadingparkingzoneThebuildingsetbackareaSource:NICTP42ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVWhereXadddenotesthenumberofdedicatedloading/2)ObjectivefunctionsandconstraintsunloadingzonesneededtobeaddedforurbanlogisticsObjectivefunctions:Thesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesshallfirstmeettheparkingdemandsvehiclesintheroadsegment.Tkdenotesthetimeofurbanlogisticsvehicles,thereforegivingthesedriversthegreatestconvenienceforloadingandunloading.Thisdurationallowingdeliveryvehiclestousethespaceintheprojectproposesalocationmodelwiththeobjectiveperiodk.nisthenumberofperiodsdivided.Generally,afunctionofmaximizingdistributionparkingdemand,wholedaycanbedividedintoseveraltimeintervalssuchwhileminimizingcomprehensivecosts.asearlymorning,morning,afternoon,andnight.Theotherparametersarethesameasindicatedintheprevious∑∑tifijkformula.Inordertomeetdistributionparkingdemands,∑P=maxijthesupplycapacityofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonescanbeincreasedbyaddingadditionalnumbersoftifikdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesorbyextendingtheparkingtimedurationforurbanlogisticsvehicles.i4.2.2.4Locationselectionofdedicatedloading/ABunloadingzones∑∑D=minfijkdijBasedonthesiteselectionprinciples,potentialpointsofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonescanbestudiedand=i1=j1thendetermined.ThesiteselectionmodelisestablishedwiththegoalofmaximisingdistributionparkingdemandsPdenotestheproportionofsatisfieddistributionparkingandminimizingthecomprehensivecostofeachdedicateddemandinthetotaldistributionparkingdemandinloading/unloadingzonetoeachstore.Thebestsitethisperiod.Darethetotalcomprehensiveexpensesforselectionschemeofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonescantemporaryparkingoflogisticsvehicles.Aisthenumberthenbedeterminedamongstpossiblelocations.ofshopsalongthestreet.Bisthenumberofloading/unloadingzones.fijkdenotesthenumberofstopsfrom1)Siteselectionprinciplestoreitoloading/unloadingzonesjinperiodk.dijistheThesiteselectionprincipleisdeterminedaccordingtosuchpolicydocumentsastheGuidelinesforapplicationwalkingdistancebetweenstoreiandloading/unloadingofon-streetparkingmanagementfacilityonurbanzonesj.Theotherparametersarethesameasillustratedinroad[4],theSpecificationsforsettingofon-streetloading/theformulasdiscussedabove.Thelocationofdedicatedunloadingzonesonurbanroads[5],andtheAdministrationloading/unloadingzonesfirstaimstomaximisetheMeasuresforLoading/unloadingzonesinFoshanCity[6].distributionparkingdemand.IfthepotentialofeachInaddition,ifthereareexistingloading/unloadingzonesalternativelocationtomeetthedistributionparkinginthestudysection,priorityshallbegiventoconsideringdemandisthesame,thelocationisthendeterminedwiththepossiblereconstructionofexistingloading/unloadingthegoalofminimisingcomprehensivecosts.zones.Iftherearenoloading/unloadingzonesinthecurrentsection,newloading/unloadingzonescanbeWalkingdistanceconstraint:Logisticsvehiclescanonlyselectedatchosenlocations(seeTable6).beparkedinloading/unloadingzonesthatarewithinthewalkingdistanceacceptabletothedriver.WhetherNote:ThetableprovidesthekeylocationselectionthestoreIisparkedintheloading/unloadingzonejisprinciplesforloading/unloadingzones.Forotherdetails,indicatedbysetting0and1variables(seeFigure49).Thepleaserefertotherelevantdocumentsandpoliciesinthemathematicalexpressionoftheconstraintconditionisastable.follows:1,dij≤Raij=0,dij>Rfijk=fikaij43ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Table6SiteselectionprinciplesRelevantdocumentsandpoliciesContentdescriptionSpecificationsforsettingofon-streetThefollowingsectionsandareasshallnotbeprovidedwithloading/unloadingzones:loading/unloadingzonesonurbanroads●Sectionsbeginningatthestartingpointofthetransitionsectionoftheintersection(GA/T850-2021，4.2)oftrunkroadsandsecondarytrunkroads.Iftheintersectionisnotwidened,thensectionswithin50mfromthestoplineoftheintersection.●Sectionswithin20mfromthestoplineofbranchintersections.Guidelinesforapplicationofon-street●Loading/unloadingzonesshouldnotbesetupwithin200m-300mofoff-streetpublicparkingmanagementfacilityonurbanroadloading/unloadingzones(GA/T1271-2015，5.1)●Ifthereisanorganicnon-separationbeltonthetrunkroadandthewidthofthenon-motorisedlaneisgreaterthan4.5m,on-roadloading/unloadingzonescanbesetinthenon-motorisedlane.AdministrationMeasuresforLoading/●Loading/unloadingzonesshallnotbesetontwo-waytrafficroadswithawidthoflessunloadingzonesinFoshanCitythan8mandone-waytrafficroadswithawidthoflessthan6m.Trafficpoliciesofurbanlogisticsvehicles●Urbanfreightdistributionvehicletrafficpolicy,parkingpolicy,chargingpolicy,etc.■Figure49WalkingdistancediagramShopsalongthestreetOn-streetparkingspacesd≤RloadingandunloadingdistanceIsolationrailingd>RSource:NICTP44ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVServicedurationconstraint:TheservicedurationofaminiNELVs,2232lightNELVs,459mediumNELVsandsingleloading/unloadingzoneshallmeetthedistribution2heavyNELVs.LightNELVsaccountedforthelargestparkingneedsofparkingtothearea,andtheserviceproportion,reaching83%.durationshallnotexceedthemaximumservicedurationthattheloading/unloadingzonecanprovide.Theloading/4.2.3.2SizeofNELVsunloadingzoneisasingleloading/unloadingzonesoraparkingsection.Themaximumnumberofloading/ToillustratethedifferentsizesofNELVsinFoshan,unloadingzonesprovidedbyasingleloading/unloadingTable7showsthemaintypesofNELVs,theirsizes,andzoneis1,andthemaximumnumberofloading/unloadingexamplesofeachvehicletype.ThebodylengthofminizonesprovidedbyaparkingsectionisdeterminedandlightNELVsiswithin6mandthewidthiswithinaccordingtotheroadconditions.Themathematical2.5m.ThebodyofmediumNELVsis5.995m.Thebodyexpressionofthisconstraintisasfollows:lengthofhydrogenenergytrucksreaches7.63m.A4.2.3.3Sizeofcurrentloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles∑tifijkaij≤pjTj≤pjmaxTjAccordingtotheGuidelinesforapplicationofon-streeti=1parkingmanagementfacilitiesonurbanroads,thesizeofadedicatedloading/unloadingzoneforurbanlogisticspjdenotesloading/unloadingzonesprovidedbyloading/vehiclesshouldbe6m×2.5mandbemarkedwiththeunloadingzonej.pjmaxisthemaximumnumberofwrittendesignation“logisticsdistribution”,withmarkingsbeinginyellowandletteringinawhitefont(seeFigureloading/unloadingzonesavailableinloading/unloading50).zonej.Tjistheservicetimeofloading/unloadingzoneThesizeofloading/unloadingzonesfordomesticurbanj.tiisthedurationofeachloading/unloadinginthelogisticsvehiclesisanaverageof6m×2.4m.Thesezonesaredemarcatedinmanyforms,suchashavingyellowshopi.Theotherparametersarethesameastheformulasmarkingswithawhitefont,greenmarkingswithawhitediscussedpreviouslyinthissection.font,andgreenmarkingswithagreenfont(seeFigure51).4.2.3Designofdedicatedloading/unloadingChanchengDistrictcurrentlyhas30dedicatedloading/zonesunloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles,withanaveragesizeofgenerally6m×2.5m,markedwiththewordsThedesignofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesmainly“logisticsanddistribution.”Someloading/unloadingconsidersthedevelopmentcharacteristicsofNELVs,thezonesareslightlyadjustedinsizeaccordingtoactualroadsizeofNELVs,theirrelevantspecificationsandstandards,conditions,andtherearedifferentsizessuchas6m×1.8m,andthesizeofexistingdistributionvehicle’sloading/6m×2.2m.Demarcationmarkingsareyellowandwithaunloadingzones.whitefont.14.2.3.1DevelopmentcharacteristicsofNELVsTakingintoaccountthecharacteristicsofNELVs,standardrequirements,andcurrentlogisticsanddistributionAsofJune2020,Foshancityhad1,905NELVs,amongloading/unloadingzonesinChanchengDistrict,thiswhichChanchengDistricthad898,including786electricstudysuggeststhatstandardsfortrafficmarkingsassettrucksand112hydrogenenergytrucks.TheownershipoutintheGuidelinesforapplicationofon-streetparkingrateofpureelectrictrucksinChanchengDistricthasmanagementfacilityonurbanroadshouldbeapplied.beengrowingat5%-10%annuallyinrecentyearsandisexpectedtocontinuegrowing.Therewasnoincreaseinthenumberofhydrogenenergytrucksbetween2019and2020.Intermsofvehicletypes,asoftheendofMay2021,therewere2699NELVsinFoshan,including645ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Table7TypesandcharacteristicsofNELVsVehicletypesSize(mm)ExamplevehiclesMiniatureenclosedelectrictruck4430×1626×1930Lightenclosedelectrictruck5200×1700×2240Lightvanelectrictruck4750×1670×2400Mediumvanelectrictruck5995×2240×2890Hydrogenenergytruck7630×2370×3060■Figure50Designofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesintheGuidelinesforapplicationofon-streetparkingmanagementfacilityonurbanroad(unit:cm)Source:Guidelinesforapplicationofon-streetparkingmanagementfacilityonurbanroad■Figure51Examplesofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesZhuzhouChangsha6m×2.4m6m×2.4mChanchengChancheng6.2m×2.2m6m×2.5mSource:NICTP46ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV4.2.3.4SupportingfacilitiesToensurethatdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesareusedexclusivelybyurbanlogisticsvehiclesandtoInordertoensurethededicationofloading/unloadingimprovetheutilisationefficiencyofloading/unloadingzonesspecificallyforurbanlogisticsvehicles,itiszones,correspondingmanagementmeasuresshouldalsonecessarytofurtherimprovethesignsandthemonitoringbeimproved.Thesemeasurescanmainlybeimprovedequipmentoftheroadsectionswhereloading/unloadingintermsofmanagingthezone’susagetimesandspace,zonesarelocated(seeFigure52).managingtheirorderlyuse,andconsideringfeereductionpolicies(asfurtheroutlinedinthefollowingsections).4.2.4ManagementmethodsbasedontheSULPconcept1)TimeandSpaceManagement4.2.4.1ManagementmeasuresIngreenfreightdistributiondemonstrationareas,onlyNELVsareallowedtoparkduringthedaytime,and1)Establishastakeholderplatformforsettingallurbanlogisticsvehiclesareallowedtoparkinothertemporaryloading/unloadingzonesinaroadsectionperiods.Adedicatedloading/unloadingzoneoutsidethegreenfreightdistributionvehicledemonstrationareaStreetandcommunitymembersshouldtaketheleadallowsallotherurbanlogisticsvehiclestohaveaplacetotoestablishastakeholderplatform,withparticipantsstop.Accordingtothedistributiondemandcharacteristicstoincludesupplychainstakeholders(shopsalongtheofdifferentsections,aspecialtimelineforurbanlogisticsstreetanddistributionenterprises),otherstakeholdersvehiclescanbeflexiblydetermined(forexample,the(consumers,surroundingresidents)andexperts.ThespecialtimecanbesetforthesevehiclestoaccesstheirresponsibilitiesofeachstakeholderarelistedinTable8.zonesfor30minuteseachinthemorningandafternoon,asitisnotrecommendedtosetdedicatedloading/2)Formulatethesettingschemeoftemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforthedurationofanentireday),andunloadingzonesothervehiclesareallowedtoparktemporarilyinotherperiods.Projectresearchteamsshouldcarryoutinvestigationsandresearchonthedistributioncharacteristicsofshopsalong2)OrderManagementtheirstreet,solicittheopinionsofvariousstakeholdersonwhethertosetuptemporaryloading/unloadingzones,andVehiclesthatillegallyoccupydedicatedloading/unloadingchecklevelsofsupportfortheirspecificsiteselectionsandzonesshouldreceivepenalties.Itissuggestedthatthesettingtimeperiod.Theresearchteamshouldthenmanagementauthoritiesdesignateanon-roadparkingprovidestakeholderswithasuggestedschemefortheusechargeadministratortoallowthemtodissuadeotherofthesezones,andagainsolicitopinionsandreadjustthevehiclesfromtheillegalbehaviourofoccupyingdedicatedplanasneeded.loading/unloadingzonesmeantforurbanlogisticsvehicles.Ifadriverillegallyoccupyingaspacedoesnotabideby3)Implementthesettingoftemporaryloading/requeststoclearitfromtheparkingchargeadministrator,unloadingzonestheadministratorcanthenrecordthedriver’slicenseplatenumberandsubmitthedriver’sinformationtothetrafficRelevantgovernmentdepartmentsshouldcarryoutthemanagementdepartment,whowillpunishthedriverconstructionandplanningoftemporaryloading/unloadingaccordingtolaw.Iftherearededicatedloading/unloadingzonesandimplementvariousmanagementmeasures.zonessetforaspecificstore,urbanlogisticsvehiclesareRelevantgovernmentdepartmentsshouldthencarryoutnotallowedtoparkintheselocations,andanyurbananevaluationtogaugetheeffects(negativeorpositive)oflogisticsvehiclesthatareparkedthereindiscriminatelycantheirimplementationefforts.berequestedtoclearthespaceorincurtheappropriatepenalty.Iftherearenodedicatedloading/unloadingzones4.2.4.2Refinedmanagementmeasuresonaroad,thesevehiclescouldbegivenaconcessionandbeallowedtoparkforamaximumof15minutes,undertheconditionofnotaffectingtraffic.47ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV3)FeeReductionPolicyweretheninvestigatedandanalysed,withsubsequentpilotapplicationresearchbeingcarriedout.TheresearchpilotThereshouldbenochargeforurbanlogisticsvehiclestoareaincludedtworoads:HoulongFirstStreetandGaomiaoparkindedicatedloading/unloadingzones.NELVsshouldRoad.HoulongFirstStreetislocatedinthegreenfreightbeallowedtooccupyasharedloading/unloadingzonedistributiondemonstrationarea,andGaomiaoroadisoutsidefreeofchargeforthefirsthour,andotherurbanlogisticsthedemonstrationarea(seeFigure53).vehiclesshouldbefreeforthefirsthalfhour,withextratimebeingchargedaccordingtothestandardfeesthat4.3.1HoulongFirstStreetapplytoallothervehicles.4.3.1.1Statusquo4.3PilotApplication1)LanduseandroadconditionTheoldcommunityandscenicspotinChanchengDistrictwasselectedasthepilotareafortheproject.FortheHoulongFirstStreetislocatedinaresidentialareainthepurposesofthepilotapplication,individualroadsintheoldtown,withpostalexpressoutlets,conveniencestores,pilotareawereselectedasresearchobjects,andthedemandfreshfoodstores,pharmacies,andrestaurants.Thestreetischaracteristicsofroadfreightdistributiononthoseroadsatwo-wayroadwithtwolanes,witharoadlengthof210meters,andon-streetpaidloading/unloadingzonesarelocatedonthesouthsideofthestreet(seeFigure54).■Figure52ExamplesofsupportingsignageandmonitoringequipmentOutsidethedemonstrationareaWithinthedemonstrationareaNELVsshallpark24hours,ࣔ׾ਖ਼‫ا‬Logisticsvehicleonly:othertypesoflogisticsMonitoringequipmentsXX:00-XX:00vehiclesshallonlyparkfromOthertimeperiods19:00to7:00none-logisticsvehiclesareallowedfor30minonlySource:NICTP■Table8ResponsibilitiesofstakeholdersStakeholderMainresponsibilitiesGovernmentDistributioncompanies●Encourageunifyingthedeliveryserviceproviderordeliverytime.Shopsalongthestreet●Establishadynamicevaluationmechanism.●Strengthenpublicityandguidance.●Improvedistributionefficiency.●Strengthentheparkingorder.●Efficientandintensivedistribution.●Encourageinteractivefeedback.48ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure53LocationdiagramofpilotzoneDemonstrationareaChanchengdistrictGreenfreightdistributiondemonstrationareaHoulongFirstStreetGaomiaoRoadSource:NICTP■Figure54SchematicdiagramofgeographyofresearchscopeareaTongjiEastRoadResidentiallandJiajunYayuan49DaojifangHoulongEastStreetHoulongWestStreetHoulongFirstStreetMingyaGardenHoulongSecondStreetNanpuParkSource:NICTPResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV2)Demandanalysisrespectively(seeTable9).Inaddition,thedistributiondemandanddistributionperiodofrestaurantsontheAccordingtotheresearchsurvey,thedistributiondemandstreetisalsorelativelyfixed,whilethedistributionperiodofshopsalongHoulongFirstStreetmainlycomesfromofotherstoressuchasteahouses,clothingstores,andtheCainiaopostalstation(PostalExpressOutlet)andpharmaciesaremoreflexible.ThefreightdemandforXianfengFruitStore(FreshFoodStore),witheachhavingparcelsormealdeliveriesforresidentswasnotincludedinadistributiondemandof2times/dayand4times/day,thesurvey.■Table9DistributiondemandcharacteristicsofstoresalongHoulongFirstStreetStoreFrequencyDeliverytimeAverageloading/unloadingdurationTmallshop1time/day09:00-11:00GoldenWantonNoodles1time/day04:00-06:0010minSugarFunGardenDessertShop1time/day04:00-06:005minBaiyouspecialty1time/monthflexible10minHouchunTeahouse1time/monthflexible10minJunshengTeahouse1time/monthflexible5minChaNongVillage1time/monthflexible5minLittleThaiPepperGourmet1time/day04:00-06:005minQianwenOffice1time/dayflexible10minCainiaoPostStation2times/dayOncein09:00-11:005minOncein12:00-13:0015minXianfengFruitStore4times/dayOncein09:00-10:00Oncein10:00-11:0015minZhengyeAdvertising1time/dayOncein15:00-16:00Feiyanclothing2times/monthOncein19:00-21:005minZenXingxing1time/week15minHuahuajia2times/monthflexible10minflexible15minWelhaokeStore2times/dayflexibleflexible10minPinyiTobaccoShop1time/week09:00-11:00AnlongTeaCompany1time/month14:00-16:005minChuxiongTobaccoandWine1time/weekflexible5minDinghuSpring1time/dayflexible10minRoyalPharmacy1time/dayflexible15minAkatsuki1time/day09:00-10:005minOthersLowfrequencyflexible10min04:00-06:00——flexible50ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV3)Problemanalysis■Figure55SupplyofparkingfacilitiesinHoulongFirstStreetNoloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles:Currentparkingallocationinthesurrounding(a)Supplyofparkingfacilitiesduringthedaycommunitiesforthesevehiclesisinsufficient.Thefulldayoccupancyrateofpaidloading/unloadingzonesin(b)Supplyofparkingfacilitiesatnighttheroadisbasically100%,andtherearealmostzeroareasallocatedfortheloading/unloadingzonesofurbanSource:NICTPlogisticsvehicles(seeFigure55).■Figure56CurrentsituationoftherandomRandomparking:UrbanlogisticsvehiclesstopatrandomparkingofurbanlogisticsvehiclesinHoulonglocationsonpavements,roadwaysandfireescapesinFirstStreetthecommunity,affectingthenormalpassageofvehiclesandpedestrians,andadverselyaffectingthesafetyoftheSource:NICTPcommunity(seeFigure56).Lackofparkingmanagementorpenalties:Theparkingchargeadministratoronlymanagesthepaidloading/unloadingzonesontheroadandhasnomanagementauthorityovertherandomparkingofurbanlogisticsvehicles.4)NecessityandfeasibilityanalysisThroughthestatusquoinvestigationandproblemanalysis,thecontradictionbetweensupplyanddemandissuesrelatingtoloading/unloadingzoneavailabilityonHoulongFirstStreetisprominent.Thereisalargedemandfordistributioninstoresalongthestreet(12timesin09:00-17:00,seeFigure57),andurbanlogisticsvehiclesconsistentlyareparkeddisorderly,thereforeitisnecessarytosetupdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles.Furthermore,HoulongFirstStreethasalanewidthof10mandtwo-waylanes.AccordingtotheSpecificationsforsettingofon-streetloading/unloadingzonesonurbanroads[5],on-roadloading/unloadingzonescanonlythereforebesetononeside.Inconclusion,itisnecessarytosetupdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforlogisticsvehiclesinHoulongFirstStreet,andthelocationmeetstheroadconditionsforthesettingofloading/unloadingzones.Inaddition,on-roadloading/unloadingzoneshavebeensetononesideofHoulongFirstStreet,sothisprojectwouldsuggestthattheareafirstconsidersthereconstructionofexistingon-roadloading/unloadingzones,ratherthanimmediatelyaddingnewones.51ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV4.3.1.2Settingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonessystemforloadingneedscanbeestablishedaccordingtotherelativepositionoftheshopsandloading/unloading1)Createacoordinatesystemzones(seeFigure58).TakingLixiangDecorationEngineeringCo.,Ltd.ontheThecoordinatevaluesofeachstoreandexistingloading/HoulongFirstStreetastheoriginpoint,acoordinateunloadingzonesareshowninTable10.■Figure57DistributiontimesofshopsinHoulongFirstStreet876Deliverytimes54321012:00-17:0017:00-19:0019:00-24:0000:00-07:0007:00-09:0009:00-12:00Source:NICTP■Figure58ShopcoordinatesofHoulongFirstStreetTmallShopXianfengFruitStoreShopswiththefrequencymoreͧ-4.5ͫ18ͨͧ102.5ͫ18ͨthan2times/dayyEntranceShopswiththefrequencybetween1-2times/dayShopswiththefrequencylessthan1times/dayOn-streetparkingspacesIsolationrailingEntranceEntranceEntranceEntrancexLixiangDecorationEngineeringCo.,Ltd.WeihaokeStoreͧ0ͫ0ͨͧ199.5ͫ0ͨSource:NICTP52ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Table10CoordinatevaluesofshopsalongHoulongFirstStreetNo.StorenameCoordinate（0，0）1LixiangDecorationEngineeringCo.,Ltd.（14，0）（36.5，0）2Akatsuki（58，0）（62，0）3RoyalPharmacy（132.5，0）（179，0）4DinghuSpring（199.5，0）（4.5，18）5ChuxiongTobaccoandWine（10.5，18）（16.5，18）6AnlongTeaCompany（33，18）（36，18）7PinyiTobaccoShop（60.5，18）（84.5，18）8WelhaokeStore（90.5，18）（96.5，18）9GoldenWantonNoodles（102.5，18）（119.5，18）10SugarFunGardenDessertShop（123.5，18）（147.5，18）11Baiyouspecialty（151.5，18）12HouchunTeahouse13JunshengTeahouse14ChaNongVillage15LittleThaiPepperGourmet16QianwenOffice17CainiaoPostStation18XianfengFruitStore19ZhengyeAdvertising20Feiyanclothing21ZenXingxing22Huahuajia53ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Table11Coordinatevaluesofloading/unloadingzonesalongHoulongFirstStreetNo.ofloading/unloadingzonesCoordinate1（0.5，7）2（6.5，7）3（12.5，7）4（20.5，7）5（26.5，7）6（32.5，7）7（42.5，7）8（48.5，7）9（54.5，7）10（60.5，7）11（80.5，7）12（86.5，7）13（92.5，7）14（98.5，7）15（104.5，7）16（120.5，7）17（126.5，7）18（132.5，7）19（138.5，7）20（148.5，7）21（154.5，7）22（172.5，7）23（180.5，7）24（186.5，7）25（192.5，7）54ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV2)Roadsegmentation4.3.1.3Locationselectionofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesHoulongFirstStreetisatwo-wayroadwithtwolanes,andaroadlengthof210meters.Thededicatedloading/Locationmodelsneedtobesetbybasingthemontheunloadingzonesononesideofthestreetcanserveperiodwiththegreatestdemand.Inthiscase,itissolvedshopsonbothstreetsides.HoulongFirstStreetcanbebasedonthedatafrom09:00to12:00,whichisthepeakdividedintothreesegmentsbasedonthereferencepointdemandperiod.ofXianfengFruitStore,andtheactualdistributioncharacteristicsofthestores(seeFigure59).Accordingtothelocationmodel,theenumerationmethodisusedtosolvethedeterminationofthelocationof3)Calculationofthenumberofdedicatedloading/dedicatedloading/unloadingzones,whiletakingintounloadingzonesaccounttheimpactofloadingandunloadingoperationsonadjacentloading/unloadingzonesandtheconvenienceItisestimatedthatthenumberofdeliverytimesneededofparking.Accordingtocalculationresults,exceptforbySegment1andSegment3(asshowninFigure59)are3thededicatedloading/unloadingzonesselectedinFiguretimesand2timesrespectivelyfrom09:00to17:00,which62,otheralternativepointscannotmeetalldistributiondoesnotreachthestartingthresholdofsettingdedicatedparkingdemandswithina20mserviceradius.Finally,itloading/unloadingzones(4times),thereforethesettingofisdeterminedthatthepreferredloading/unloadingzonesdedicatedloading/unloadingzonescannotbeconsideredforreconstructionislocatedfacingtheXianfengFruitinthegeographicareasofSegment1andSegment3.Store.Thereconstructionofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesinthislocationcouldmeet100%ofthedistributionFrom09:00to17:00inSegment2,thenumberofparkingdemandofSegment2ofHoulongFirstStreet.distributiontimesreaches7,andthedistributionparkingFurthermore,thislocationisclosetotheroadopening,demandreaches85loading/unloadingzonesperminute.whichisconvenientforloading/unloading.Itcanthereforebeconsideredtosetupdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesinthissection(seeFigures60and61).4.3.1.4ManagementmeasuresThenumberofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforaInordertoimprovetheutilisationefficiencyofdedicatedgivenSegmentiscalculatedaccordingtothefollowingloading/unloadingzonesandtakingintoaccountthecalculationformula:distributioncharacteristicsofthestoresinthissegment(seeFigure63),thededicatedloading/unloadingzones=Xaddm=axDMkmax(50=，35)1inSegment2aredesignatedexclusivelytoNELVsintheTk120120periodsof9:00-11:00and14:00-16:00.Asingleloadingandunloadingoperationislimitedto15minutes.OtherTkdenotesthedurationoftimeforallowingdeliveryvehiclescanparkinthisloading/unloadingzoneonlyduringothertimes.vehiclestousetheloading/unloadingzonesintheperiodk.Toimprovetheutilisationrateofdedicatedloading/DuringthededicatedusetimesforNELVs,othervehiclesunloadingzones,thistimeshouldnotbetoolengthy.occupyingdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesarebeThededicatedtimeforurbanlogisticsvehiclestouserequiredtoclear(leave)thespaceorincurpenalties.Atthesezonesinthemorningandafternoonshouldbetwothesametime,inthissection,urbanlogisticsvehicleshoursrespectively.Itiscalculatedthatdedicatedloading/parkedillegallywillberequiredtocleartheareaorincurunloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesshouldbepenalties.implementedinSegment2.ForSegment1andSegment3,itwasrecommendedtoconductdeliveriesatnightorinoff-peakhours.Underthecircumstancesofnotaffectingthenormaloperationoftraffic,NELVsareallowedtoparktemporarily(withoutpenalty)onthegeneralno-parkingsectionforalimitedtimeof15minutes.55ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure59SectiondiagramofHoulongFirstStreetSegment1Segment2Segment3yx83m46m82mSource:NICTP■Figure60DistributiontimesofstoresalongthestreetinSegment24.543.53Deliverytimes2.521.510.5012:00-17:0017:00-19:0019:00-24:0000:00-07:0007:00-09:0009:00-12:00Source:NICTP■Figure61DistributionparkingdemandofstoresalongthestreetinSegment2Distributionparkingdemand/spaces·min100503501509:00-12:0012:00-17:0017:00-19:0019:00-24:00Timeofday00:00-07:0007:00-09:00Source:NICTP■Figure62Schematicdiagramoflocationselectionfordedicatedloading/unloadingzonesShopswiththefrequencymoreProportion͵100%than2times/dayComprehensivecost͵114.5Shopswiththefrequencybetween1-2times/dayXianfengFruitStoreShopswiththefrequencylessthan1times/dayOn-streetparkingspacesDedicatedparkingzoneIsolationrailingyThelocationofdedicatedparkingzonexSource:NICTP56ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV4.3.2GaomiaoRoadTherearemanyceramicshopsalongthestreetinthewestsectionofGaomiaoRoad,mainlyuseforexhibition4.3.2.1Statusquofunctions,andthereisalmostnodemandfordistribution.ThereisonlyoneShunkelongsupermarketinthislocation,1)Landuseandroadconditionwhichhasalargedistributiondemandandconcentrateddeliveryreceptiontimes.TherearemanyrestaurantsandGaomiaoRoadislocatedclosetotheNanfengKilnScenicfreshfoodstoresintheeasternsectionofGaomiaoRoad,Spotandtheoldresidentialarea(seeFigure64).Ithasaandwhichalsohavealargedistributiondemandandtotallengthofapproximately290metersandhostsone-requireavarietyofdistributiontypes.GongzaiStreetiswaytrafficwhichrunsfromeasttowest.GaomiaoRoadapedestrianstreetwhichisopentovehiclesforalimitedisdividedintoeastandwestsegmentsbyGongzaiStreet.timetomeetthedistributiondemandofstoresinNanfengKiln.■Figure63Schematicdiagramofthecoverageofeachsegmentofstoresbythededicatedloading/unloadingzonesySegment1Segment2Segment3xShopsnotcoveredbyShopscoveredbytheShopsnotcoveredbydedicatedparkingzonededicatedparkingzonededicatedparkingzoneSource:NICTP■Figure64LandaroundGaomiaoRoadandshopsalongthestreetGongzaiStreetCeramicshopNanfengKilnGongzaiStreetWestSectionEastBranchroadSectionShunkelongSupermarketSource:NICTP57ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV2)DistributioncharacteristicsofthewestsectionofAtpresent,thewestsectionofGaomiaoRoadhas12on-GaomiaoRoadstreetpaidloading/unloadingzonesandonededicatedloading/unloadingzoneforurbanlogisticsvehicles.ThereThedistributiondemandofthewestsectionofGaomiaoisabuildingsetbackareainfrontoftheShunkelongRoadmainlycomesfromShunkelongSupermarket.TheSupermarketfortemporaryparking,whichhasacertaindistributionfrequencyforthisstoreis5timesaday,anddegreeofspecificityforthesupermarket(seeFigure65).itspeakdistributiontimeoccursinthemorning.Therestofthestoresinthisareahavelowdistributionfrequencyornodistributiondemand(seeTable12).■Table12DistributiondemandcharacteristicsofstoresalongthewestsectionofGaomiaoRoadStoreFrequencyDeliverytimesAverageloading/unloadingdurationShunkelongSupermarket5times/dayOncein09:00-10:00Twicein10:00-11:0015minDelianPharmacy1time/dayOncein14:00-15:00ShuixiangCaijiBranch1time/weekOncein19:00-20:005minQiulongFashion2times/month15minOthersLowfrequencyflexible15minflexible——flexibleflexible■Figure65Layoutoftheloading/unloadingzonesalongthewestsectionofGaomiaoRoadOn-streetparkingspacesDedicatedparkingzoneWestSectionShunkelongSupermarketSource:NICTP58ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVShunkelongSupermarketusesitsbuildingsetbackareato●Set10:00-11:00asthededicatedtimeforurbanmeetitsownbasicparkingandloadingneeds,andtherelogisticsvehiclestousetheexistingdedicatedloading/isalreadyadedicatedloading/unloadingzonealsointhisunloadingzones.Asingleloading/unloadingoperationsection,whichcanmeetthedistributiondemandofotherislimitedto15minutesandothertimeperiodsarestoresalongthisroadarea.Therefore,addingdedicatedopentoothervehiclestoimprovetheutilisationoftheloading/unloadingzonesisnolongerconsideredasdedicatedloading/unloadingzones.requiredinthislocation,butrelevantmeasurestoimprovethemanagementlevelofcurrentzonesneedtobeadopted.3)DistributioncharacteristicsoftheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadThemainproposedmanagementmeasuresare:ThedistributiondemandoftheeastsectionofGaomiao●UpgradetrafficsignagefortheexistingdedicatedRoadismainlyfromGuanfangFoods(freshfoodloading/unloadingzonesforurbanfreightdistributionstore),whosedistributionfrequencyis5times/day.Theandmonitoringfacilities,strengthenparkingorderremainingstoresinthislocationmainlyincluderestaurantsmanagement,andensureexclusiveuseofthededicatedandpharmacies,withdistributionfrequenciesofbasicallyloading/unloadingzonesbyurbanlogisticsvehicles.1time/day(seeTable13).■Table13DeliverydemandofstoresalongtheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadStoreFrequencyDeliverytimeAverageloading/unloadingdurationShaxiansnacks1time/day5minXuxiangyuanSiuMei1time/day04:00-06:0010minYukangPharmaceuticalCo.,Ltd.1time/day06:00-07:005minLiyuanFarm1time/day09:00-17:0010minPorkfeetrice1time/day09:00-10:005minRongKeeClaypotRice1time/day09:00-10:005minConveniencefood1time/day04:00-06:005minShrimpandFishFu1time/day19:00-24:0010minLanzhouRamen,China1time/day04:00-06:005min04:00-06:00GuanfangFoods5times/dayOncein04:00-06:0010minTwicein09:00-11:00WeiwangShaowei1time/dayTwicein12:00-17:0010minWallace1time/day06:00-07:0015minHuazhiwuBread2times/day09:00-10:0010minLiGeWantanNoodles1time/dayOncein04:00-06:005minMaoxinPharmacy1time/dayOncein14:00-15:005minNorthernBund1time/day04:00-06:005minOthersLowfrequency09:00-17:00——04:00-06:00flexible59ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVAtpresent,therearetwoopenloading/unloadingzones●Lackofloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsandtwodedicatedloading/unloadingzonesfortaxisatthevehicles:ThesupplyofparkingfacilitiesforurbanentranceandexitofGongzaiStreetintheeastsectionoflogisticsvehiclestoshopsintheeastsectionisalmostGaomiaoRoad.Amongthem,theloading/unloadingzoneszero,andthecurrentloading/unloadingzonesarefararededicatedzonesforusetoserviceGongzaiStreet,andawayfrommostshopsintheeastsection,makingthemtheloading/unloadingzonesfortaxisarealsodedicatedtoinconvenienttouse.thisspecificarea(seeFigure66).●Randomparking:UrbanlogisticsvehiclesoccupytheAccordingtoananalysisofresearchfindings,themaincrosswalktostop,whichadverselyaffectsroadtrafficproblemsintheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadareasoperation,pedestriancrossingsafety,andthescenicfollows:environment(seeFigure67).■Figure66Layoutoftheloading/unloadingzonesalongtheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadloading/unloadingparkingspacesTaxiparkingspacesEastGuanfangFoodsSectionHuazhiwuBreadSource:NICTP■Figure67CurrentsituationofrandomparkingofurbanlogisticsvehiclesontheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadSource:NICTP60ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVAccordingtothestatusquoinvestigationandproblemcouldbeused,ornewloading/unloadingzonescouldalsoanalysis,thenecessityandfeasibilityofsettingupbeallocatedonexistingroads.dedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicleswasanalysed.Thefirstfindingsfromthisresearch4.3.2.2Settingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzoneswerethatthecontradictionbetweenparkingsupplyanddemandintheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadisprominent,Dedicatedloading/unloadingzoneshavealreadybeensetandthedistributiondemandofshopsalongthestreetuponthewestsectionofGaomiaoRoad,whichmeetthearelarge(thenumberofdistributiontimesreaches10distributionparkingdemand.Therefore,thisresearchwillbetween09:00-17:00,seeFigure68).Secondly,Gaomiaostudythesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesonRoadhasone-waytraffic,andthewidthoftheeastsectiontheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoad.oftheroadis6.5meters.AccordingtotheSpecificationsforsettingofon-streetloading/unloadingzonesonurban1)Createacoordinatesystemroads[5],on-streetloading/unloadingzonescanthereforeonlybesetupononeside.Acoordinatesystemwasestablishedbasedontherelativepositionoftheshopsandloading/unloadingzones(seeInsummary,itisnecessarytosetupdedicatedloading/Figure69).unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesontheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoad,andtheeastsectionoftheroadThecoordinatevaluesofeachstoreandexistingloading/meetstheconditionsforsettinguploading/unloadingunloadingzonesareshowninTables14and15.zones.Itissuggestedthatexistingloading/unloadingzones■Table14CoordinatevalueofshopsalongthestreetontheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadNo.StoreNameCoordinate（2，16.5）1Shaxiansnacks（6，16.5）（10，16.5）2XuxiangyuanSiuMei（16，16.5）（22，16.5）3YukangPharmaceuticalCo.,Ltd.（26，16.5）（30，16.5）4LiyuanFarm（34，16.5）（33，0）5Porkfeetrice（26，0）（38，16.5）6RongKeeClaypotRice（42，16.5）（46，16.5）7Conveniencefood（60，0）（54，0）8ShrimpandFishFu（48，0）9MaoxinPharmacy10NorthernBund11LanzhouRamen,China12GuanfangFoods13WeiwangShaowei14Wallace15HuazhiwuBread16LiGeWantanNoodles61ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Table15Coordinatevalueofloading/unloadingzonesintheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadNo.ofloading/unloadingzonesCoordinate1（-5，10）2（3，10.5）3（9，10.5）4（15，10.5）■Figure68TimedistributionofshopdeliveryneedsontheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoad12108Deliverytimes642012:00-17:0017:00-19:0019:00-24:0000:00-07:0007:00-09:0009:00-12:00Source:NICTP■Figure69CoordinatemapofshopsintheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadShopswiththefrequencymoreLoading/unloadingparkingspacesthan2times/dayTaxiparkingspacesShopswiththefrequencyIsolationrailingbetween1-2times/dayGuangfangFoodsShopswiththefrequencylessͧ42ͫ16.5ͨthan1times/dayShaxianSnacksͧ2ͫ16.5ͨyxHuazhiwuBreadͧ54ͫ0ͨSource:NICTP62ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV2)RoadsegmentationThenumberofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforagivenSegmentisdeterminedaccordingtothiscalculationTheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadisaone-way,two-laneformula:road.Ifadedicatedloading/unloadingzoneissetononesideoftheroad,itcanservetheshopsonbothsidesof=Xaddm=axDMkmax(37.5=，32.5)1theroadatthesametime.Inaddition,thelengthoftheTk120120roadsectionisabout90m,soitisnecessarytostudyitinsections.TheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadisdividedintoTkdenotesthedurationoftimeallowedtodeliverytwosegmentsbasedonthereferencepointofGuangfangFoodsandthedistributioncharacteristicsofthestores(seevehiclestousetheloading/unloadingzonesintheperiodFigure70).k.Toimprovetheutilisationrateofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones,thisdurationshouldnotbelongerthan3)Calculationofthenumberofdedicatedloading/needed.Thededicatedtimeneededforzoneusagebyunloadingzonesurbanlogisticsvehiclesinthemorningandafternoonistwohoursrespectively.ItwasthereforecalculatedthatAccordingtostatusquoinvestigationsforthisproject,adedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsthenumberofdistributiontimesinSegment1is3vehiclesshouldbesetinSegment2.times,between09:00-17:00,whichdoesnotreachedthethresholdforthesettingupofdedicatedloading/4.3.2.3Locationselectionofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones.ThenumberofdistributiontimesinunloadingzonesSegment2is7times,between09:00-17:00,andthedistributionparkingdemandreaches70loading/unloadingConsideringthelocationselectionprinciplesandthezonesperminute.Dedicatedloading/unloadingzonescanisolationfencessetuponbothsidesoftheroad,thisthereforebeconsideredforSegment2(seeFigures71andprojectselected4alternativeloading/unloadingzones,72).2ofwhichare2mawayfromtheleftpavement,and2alternativeloading/unloadingzonesareattheendofthetransitionsectionontheright(seeTable16andFigure73).■Figure70SectiondiagramoftheeastsectionofGaomiaoRoadShopswiththefrequencymoreLoading/unloadingparkingspacesthan2times/dayTaxiparkingspacesIsolationrailingShopswiththefrequencybetween1-2times/dayShopswiththefrequencylessthan1times/dayySegment2Segment1xSource:NICTP63ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure71DistributiontimesofstoresalongthestreetinSegment29876Deliverytimes54321012:00-17:0017:00-19:0019:00-24:0000:00-07:0007:00-09:0009:00-12:00Source:NICTP■Figure72DistributionparkingdemanddiagramofstoresalongthestreetinSegment2Distributionparkingdemand/spaces·min60037.532.50507:00-09:0009:00-12:0012:00-17:0017:00-19:0019:00-24:00Timeofday00:00-07:00Source:NICTP■Table16Thecoordinatevalueofalternativeloading/unloadingzonesNo.Coordinate1（33.5，10.25）2（45，10.25）3（33.5，6.25）4（43，6.25）■Figure73Schematicdiagramofthelocationofthealternativeloading/unloadingzonesShopswiththefrequencyLoading/unloadingparkingspacesmorethan2times/dayTaxiparkingspacesAlternativepointsofdedicatedparkingzonesShopswiththefrequencyIsolationrailingbetween1-2times/dayShopswiththefrequencylessthan1times/dayySegment2Segment1xSource:NICTP64ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVAccordingtothelocationmodel,thecomprehensivecostpenalties.Atthesametime,inthisarea,urbanlogisticsisminimisedonthebasisofmaximisingtheproportionofvehiclesparkedillegallywillalsoberequiredtoclearthefulfilleddistributionparkingdemands,andthealternativeareaorfacepenalties.loading/unloadingzoneNumber4(seeninFigures73and74)isselectedasthebestlocationforthenewlydesignatedForstoresthatarenotcoveredbydedicatedloading/loading/unloadingzone.unloadingzonesinSegment1,itissuggestedtochangetheirdistributiontimestotheeveningorallowurban4.3.2.4Managementmeasureslogisticsvehiclestousenearbytaxiloading/unloadingzonesforalimitedtimeof15minuteswithoutpenalty(seeInordertoimprovetheutilisationefficiencyofdedicatedFigure75).loading/unloadingzonesandtakeintoaccountthedistributioncharacteristicsofthestoresinthissection,4.3.3Implementation09:00-11:00and14:00-16:00aresetasthededicatedtimesforurbanlogisticsvehiclestoaccessthesezones.HoulongFirstStreetcurrentlyhastemporaryloading/Logisticsvehiclesarethennotallowedtoparkintheunloadingzonesandrelatedsignageforlogisticsvehicles,dedicatedloading/unloadingzonesatothertimesduringaccordingtofindingsofthisresearch(seeFigure76).Totheday.Asingleloading/unloadingoperationislimitedtomaketheoriginaltemporaryloading/unloadingzones15minutes.Atthesametime,privatecarsareprohibitedmoreefficient,GaomiaoRoadhasaddedsigns,whichfromparkinginthezonethroughoutthedaytopreventstipulatethattheperiodfrom10:00to11:00isthespecialimpactingroadtraffic.timeforlogisticsvehiclestousetheselocations,andnon-distributionvehiclescanstoptousethemtemporarily,Duringthededicatedtimesforurbanlogisticsvehiclestoduringothertimeperiods(seeFigure77).accessthezones,othervehiclesoccupyingthesededicatedlocationswillberequiredtoclearthezoneorincur■Figure74Schematicdiagramoflocationselectionfordedicatedloading/unloadingzonesShopswiththefrequencymoreLoading/unloadingparkingspacesthan2times/dayTaxiparkingspacesAlternativepointsofdedicatedparkingzonesShopswiththefrequencyIsolationrailingbetween1-2times/dayShopswiththefrequencylessthan1times/dayProportion͵78.57%Proportion͵100%Comprehensivecost͵108ySegment2Segment1Proportion͵78.57%xProportion͵100%Source:NICTPComprehensivecost͵9365ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV■Figure75Schematicdiagramofthecoverageofeachsegmentofstoresbythededicatedloading/unloadingzonesShopswiththefrequencyLoading/unloadingparkingspacesmorethan2times/dayTaxiparkingspacesDedicatedparkingzonesfordistributionvehiclesShopswiththefrequencyIsolationrailingbetween1-2times/dayShopswiththefrequencylessthan1times/dayySegment2Segment1StoresnotcoveredbydedicatedxparkingspacesStoresnotcoveredbyadedicatedparkingspaceSource:NICTP■Figure76CurrentsituationoftemporarystopinHoulongFirstStreetSource:NICTP■Figure77CurrentsituationoftemporarystopinGaomiaoRoadSource:NICTP66ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELV4.4BenefitEvaluationdeliveryvehicles,whoexpressedsatisfactionwiththeprovisionofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesfor4.4.1Implementationeffectevaluationurbanlogisticsvehicles.Theproposedplanninginitiativesforthesettingand●TheparkingorderofNELVshasbeenstandardized,effectiveusageofloading/unloadingzoneshasbeenwithoverallloadingandunloadingefficiencybeingimplementedonHoulong1stStreetandGaomiaoRoad.improved,andthephenomenonofparkinginmotorTheprojectteamhascarriedoutapost-implementationvehiclelanesandnon-motorvehiclelaneshasbeeneffectevaluationoftheprojectthroughon-sitesurveys,reduced.interviews,andinvestigations.●Storeoperatorsalongthestreetanddriversoflogistics(1)Interviewsandinvestigationsvehiclesputforwardgoodsuggestionsonthescale,specificlocations,timelimitrequirementsandThesubjectsofthissurveyandinterviewwereshopmanagementmethodsofdedicatedloading/unloadingoperatorsandNELVdriversalongHoulong1stStreetandzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles,andthepublicGaomiaoRoad.Throughthesurveyofstoreoperatorsparticipationintheprojectanditsfollowupwashigh.alongthestreet,itwasfoundthat82%oftheoperatorsweresatisfiedwiththeprovisionoftemporaryloading/(3)Problemsunloadingzonesforfreightdistribution,ofwhich37%wereverysatisfied.Theoperatorsofstoreswithastrong●Propermanagementofdedicatedloading/unloadingdemandforfreightdistribution,suchassupermarketszonesisstilllacking.Theloading/unloadingzonesandfreshfoodstores,expressedtheneedtoup-scalecontinuetobetemporarilyoccupiedbysocialvehiclestemporaryloading/unloadingzonesforfreightdistributionduringthededicatedparkingtimethattheyshouldbeandextendthededicateddistributiontimes,whiletheusedbyNELVs.Unfortunately,parkingadministratorsoperatorsofstoreswithsmalldistributionneeds,suchashavenocurrentrighttopunishtheseillegallyparkedprintshopsandclothingstores,hadnoimmediatedemandvehicles.toup-scalethetemporaryzones.●PublicityonhowtousethezonesneedstobeThroughtheinterviewtoNELVdrivers,respondentsstrengthened.Somedriversoflogisticsvehiclesdonotgenerallyreportedthatthepreviousfreightdistributionunderstandthesettingandusageofdedicatedloading/systemhaddifficultiesinparking.Underthenewunloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles,andasasystem,morethan90%ofdriversweresatisfiedwiththeresult,thereisacontinuedphenomenonofrandomprovisionofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforfreightparkingpractices.distribution,however60%ofdriversstillexpressedtheneedtofurtherup-scalededicatedloading/unloading4.4.2EvaluationandProspectszones,and80%ofdriverssaidthatthemanagementofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforfreightdistributionThisprojectfocusedontheneedsandcontextsofneededtobestrengthened,andprivatecarsshouldbeimportantroadsectionsintypicalareasofChanchengprohibitedfromoccupyingdedicatedloading/unloadingDistrict,andcarriedoutapilotapplicationoftemporaryzones.loading/unloadingzonesforNELVs.Thissectionofthereportevaluatesthecarbonreductionandsocio-economic(2)Achievementsbenefitsofthepilotapplication,andanalysesthecommonproblemsfoundduringthepilotphase.●TheresearchplanwasimplementedonHoulong1stStreetandGaomiaoRoadandwashighlyaffirmedbyUnderthe“dual-carbon”strategicgoal,thisprojectfirststoreoperatorsalongthestreetanddriversoffreightproposesanevaluationofthebenefitsofcarbonreduction.ReplacingconventionallogisticsvehicleswithNELVscanreducecarbonemissions.Theconversionofconventional67ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVlogisticsvehiclestoNELVsalsoreducesvehiclefuelfuelcostreduction,thelevelofroadtrafficservice,theconsumption,resultingincarbonreductionbenefits.convenienceofloading/unloadingprocessesandthesafetyTherefore,thecarbonreductionbenefitevaluationoftrafficoperations(seeTable17).indicatorsproposedinthisprojectwerethecontributionrateonNELVpromotionandfuelconsumptionreduction.TakingintoaccountthecomprehensivenessandcomplexityofanevaluationofcarbonreductionandInaddition,theprovisionofdedicatedloading/unloadingsocio-economicbenefits,thisprojectonlyproposesthezonesforurbanNELVsmustmeetcertainsocio-economiccontentinvolvedintheevaluationofcarbonreductionbenefits,whicharemainlyreflectedintheirimpactonfuelandsocio-economicbenefits.Specificevaluationcontentcost,thelevelofroadtrafficservice,parkingconvenience,andevaluationmethodswhichcouldbeusedforfurtherandroadsafety.Therefore,thesocio-economicbenefitstudiescanbefurtherexpandedinfutureresearch.evaluationindicatorsproposedinthisprojectwere■Table17BenefitevaluationindexContentIndicatorExplanationContributionrateofNELV●AssesstheinfluenceontheownershipgrowthofNELVsaftersettingupdedicatedCarbonpromotionloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles.reductionbenefitsFuelconsumptionreduction●TheconversionofconventionallogisticsvehiclestoNELVsreducesvehiclefuelconsumption,resultingincarbonreductionbenefits.Fuelcostreduction●AssessthereductioninfuelconsumptionafterconventionallogisticsvehiclesareconvertedtoNELVs.ThetransformationofconventionallogisticsvehiclestoNELVsmeansthattheconsumptionofgasolineanddieselischangedtoelectricityconsumption,whichalsocontributestoCO2reduction.Socio-Levelofroadtrafficservice●Assessthereductioninroadcongestions(numberofvehiclestops,durationofidling)economicaftersettingupdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesasroadbenefitscongestionalleviationcontributestoCO2reduction.Convenienceofloading/●Assesstheimprovementsintheconvenienceofloading/unloadingoperationafterunloadingsettingupdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles.Safetyoftrafficoperation●Thesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesandthesupportingpoliciesandfacilitieswillregulatetheparkingbehaviourofurbanlogisticsvehicles,andtherebyimproveroadtrafficsafety.685SuggestionsonPoliciesandMeasuresResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVBasedontheresearchmethodsandfindingsoutlinedCitiesshouldpayattentiontoresearchonrelevantinthisreport,thissectioncontainsaconsiderationof,planningandspecificationswhensettinguptemporaryandsuggestionsfor,executablepoliciesandmeasurestoloading/unloadingzonesforNELVs,andbetterensurepromotetherelevantdepartmentsoffreightdistributionthescientificfoundationsfor,andeffectivenessof,theandstakeholderstofurtherimprovetheimplementationsettingschemesunderthesupportandguidanceofandapplicationofmethodstosetuptemporaryloading/relevantplanning,specificationsandstandardsmodelsandunloadingzonesforNELVs.Policyandmeasureauthorities.recommendationsaremainlyconsideredfromtheaspectsofdepartmentalcoordination,planningguidanceand●Itisrecommendedthatthemunicipaltransportationpublicparticipation.departmentcarryoutResearchonspecialplanningofurbangreenfreightdistribution,coordinatetheSuggestions1:Departmentalcoordinationgreenfreightdistributioninfrastructure,convenienttrafficpolicies,distributionorganizationmodes,andItissuggestedthatthecompetenttransportationpromoteadvancedtransportationtools,andrelateddepartments,inconjunctionwithtrafficmanagementinfrastructureandmethods,andalsopromotethedepartments,citymanagementdepartments,andtransformationofurbanfreightdistributiontogreenrepresentativesofindividualstreetsandcommunities,setfreightdistribution.upaworkinggroupforthesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles,andjointly●Itissuggestedthatalldistricts,towns,andstreets,inpromotetheplanningandimplementationofdedicatedlightoftheirowndevelopmentdemands,carryoutloading/unloadingzones,plansfortheirsupervisionandResearchonthesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadinglawenforcement,dynamicevaluations,feedbackandotherzonesforurbanlogisticsvehicles,andscientificallyrelatedwork.guidethesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanlogisticsvehiclesintheirareas.●BureauofTransportation:Willtaketheleadinthesettingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones●Itisrecommendedthatrelevantdepartmentspromoteandbespecificallyresponsiblefortheplanningandtheformulationoflocalorindustrystandardsfortheimplementationofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones,settingofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesforurbanandtheirdynamicassessment.logisticsvehicles.●TrafficManagementBureau:ResponsiblefortheSuggestions3:Publicparticipationtrafficandparkingmanagementofurbanlogisticsvehicles,thestrengtheningoflawenforcementThemostdirectbeneficiariesofthesettingofdedicatedmanagement,andtheinvestigationandpunishmentofloading/unloadingzonesaretheusersofthezones.Itissocialvehiclesthatoccupydedicatedloading/unloadingrecommendedtostrengthencorrespondingpublicityandzonesandurbanlogisticsvehiclesthatdonotparkinguidanceworkafterthededicatedloading/unloadingzonesaccordancewithregulations.aresetuptopromotepublicparticipation.●UrbanManagementandLawEnforcement:●ItisrecommendedtocarryoutgreenfreightResponsibleforthemanagementofshopsalongthedistributionpublicityworkthroughmultiplestreet,theinvestigationandpunishmentoftheshopschannels,andencourageenterprisestoadoptadvancedthatoccupytheroadspacenotaccordingtolawanddistributionorganizationmodessuchascentralizedworkingwiththetransportationdepartmentandthedistribution,nightdistribution,andjointdistributiontrafficmanagementdepartmenttodoagoodjobmethods.insupportingtheplanningofdedicatedloading/unloadingzonesandparkingmanagementsystems.●EncouragetheuseofNELVstocarryoutdistributionwork,improveloading/unloadingtoolsneededfor●Communitiesandstreets:Cooperatewithrelevanttheirservice,andimproverelatedloading/unloadingdepartmentstodoagoodjobintheinvestigationandconveniences.researchofdedicatedloading/unloadingzoneplanning,tocollectfeedback,opinionsandsuggestionsonthe●Itisrecommendedtoconsiderthecommunityasadistributionofstoresalongthestreetanddoagoodjobunittostrengthentargetedpublicawarenesscampaignsinthecommunicationandcoordinationofrelatedzoneontheuseandsettingofzonesfortheshopsalongsettingandmanagement.thestreetindifferentsections,tocoordinatethejointdeliveryorunifieddeliverytimesforthemerchantsSuggestions2:Planningguidancealongthestreet,toimprovetheutilizationefficiencyofdedicatedloading/unloadingzones,andtherefore70reducetheimpactdeliverieshaveonroadtraffic.ResearchontheSettingofTemporaryLoading/UnloadingZonesforNELVReferences[1]Aifandopoulou,G.,Xenou,E.,2019.SustainableUrbanLogisticsPlanning.EuropeanCommission.https://www.eltis.org/sites/default/files/sustainable_urban_logistics_planning_0.pdf[2]Aifandopoulou,G.,Xenou,E.,2020.NOVELOGGuidelinesforthePlanning&DevelopmentofSustainableUrbanLogisticsPlans(SULPs).[3]FoshanMunicipalPeople’sGovernment,2020.AdministrationMeasuresforLoading/unloadingzonesinFoshanCity.http://www.foshan.gov.cn/zwgk/zfgb/srmzfwj/content/post_4378342.html.[4]MayorofLondon,2019.StreetscapeGuidance.TransportforLondon.[5]NationalTechnicalCommittee576onTrafficManagementofStandardizationAdministrationofChina(SAC/TC576),2015.Guidelinesforapplicationofon-streetparkingmanagementfacilityonurbanroad(GA/T1271-2015).TheMinistryofPublicSecurityofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.[6]NationalTechnicalCommittee576onTrafficManagementofStandardizationAdministrationofChina(SAC/TC576),2021.Specificationsforsettingofon-streetloading/unloadingzonesonurbanroads(GA/T850-2021).TheMinistryofPublicSecurityofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.71DeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbHRegisteredofficesBonnandEschborn,GermanyGIZinChinaTayuanDiplomaticOfficeBuilding2-514LiangmaheSouthStreet,ChaoyangDistrict100600Beijing,P.R.ChinaT+86(0)1085275589F+86(0)1085275591Einfo@giz.deIhttp://www.giz.de/china

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