ThisRenewableEnergyTrackerisapositiveandtimelyassessmentofthestateofthesectoranditspotential.Renewablesareattheheartofourglobaleffortsforanequitableenergytransition.Theyaretheprimarysolutiononthesupplysidetoscaleglobaleffortstoreducegreenhousegases,especiallyinthisdecisivedecade.Itiswithgreatoptimismthatweacknowledgerenewablesasthemostcost-effectiveandviablepathwaytoachievingnet-zeroemissionsby2050.Theirabilitytogenerateelectricity‘atscale’withmarkedlylowergreenhousegasemissionscomparedtotraditionalsourcesclearsthewaytobreakourlong-standingfossilfueldependencies.Aswewitnessareshapingofthegloballandscapeofpowergeneration,itishearteningtoseerenewablesemergingasthefastest-growingtechnologyinthisdomain.Theirstellargrowthisatestamenttothecollectiveeffortandcommitmentofsocietiesandgovernmentsworldwide.Butourjourneyisfarfromcomplete.Asmembersofglobalcivilsociety,itisimperativethatwecontinuetoadvocateforscaled-upactionatpivotalforumssuchasCOP28.AtCOP28,globalleadersmustbringnotonlytheirpresencebutalsoadeep-rootedpoliticalcommitmenttoachievebothshort-andlong-termclimategoals.Onlywiththeircooperationandmutualagreementcanwedrivestreamlinedpoliciesandregulations,enhancegridreadiness,andunlockfinancialresourcesatascalethatpropelsthewarp-speedexpansionofrenewableenergytomeetthescientificandequityimperatives.COP28isapivotalmoment.It'sachancetoboostandconsolidatenationalcommitmentsfortransformingrespectiveenergysectorsthroughrenewableenergy.Thistransformationismorethanmerechange;it’saboutcreatingasustainable,equitable,andorderlytransitiontoanet-zerofuture.Afuturewherecleanenergytransitionisnotanalternativebutacertainty,pavingthewayforaworldthatismorejustforall.Afuturethatmustbemanifestedwithoutdelay.••ERR能研微讯微信公众号：Energy-report欢迎申请加入ERR能研微讯开发的能源研究微信群，请提供单位姓名（或学校姓名），申请添加智库掌门人（下面二维码）微信，智库掌门人会进行进群审核，已在能源研究群的人员请勿申请；群组禁止不通过智库掌门人拉人进群。ERR能研微讯聚焦世界能源行业热点资讯，发布最新能源研究报告，提供能源行业咨询。本订阅号原创内容包含能源行业最新动态、趋势、深度调查、科技发现等内容，同时为读者带来国内外高端能源报告主要内容的提炼、摘要、翻译、编辑和综述，内容版权遵循CreativeCommons协议。知识星球提供能源行业最新资讯、政策、前沿分析、报告（日均更新15条+，十年plus能源行业分析师主理）提供能源投资研究报告（日均更新8~12篇，覆盖数十家券商研究所）二维码矩阵资报告号：ERR能研微讯订阅号二维码（左）丨行业咨询、情报、专家合作：ERR能研君（右)视频、图表号、研究成果：能研智库订阅号二维码（左）丨ERR能研微讯头条号、西瓜视频（右)能研智库视频号（左）丨能研智库抖音号（右)1.IncludingUgandathathasoneofthelargestenergyaccessdeficits.2.Consideringthelasttwoyearsavailableorthelasttwoperiodsoftimeavailableiftheindicatorcoversmultipleyears.SeeAppendixC.3.Othershavemixedresultsandarecategorisedas“inconclusive”.➜➜➜➜4.IEA(2023).NetZeroRoadmap.5.G20NewDelhiLeaders’Declaration➜➜➜➜6.Seee.g.WWEA(2022).Empoweringwomenintheenergytransformation.7.Seee.g.SELCO&IRENA(2022).Fosteringlivelihoodswithdecentralisedrenewableenergy.8.IPCC(2023).Synthesisreport.9.IEA(2023).NetZeroRoadmap.10.CAN(2023).Thetransitionto100%REmustbejust,equitableandrapid.11.CivilSocietyEquityReview(2022)12.CAN(2023).Theworldneedsafair,fast,full,andfundedfossilfuelphase-out13.EMBERDataExplorer:https://ember-climate.org/data/data-tools/data-explorer/14.REN21(2023).GlobalStatusReportRenewables(GlobalOverview)15.TrackingSDG7-TheEnergyProgressreport(2023)16.IEA(2023).RenewableEnergyMarketUpdate17.CAN(2023).Globaltargetsforcleanrenewablesandenergyefficiencymuststandalongsidefos-silfuelphaseout.ClimateAnalytics(2023)-2030targetsalignedto1.5°C:evidencefromthelatestglobalpathways.18.Thecountrieswerechosentoensureacomprehensivecoverageintermsofgeographics,eco-nomics(26countrieswith“high”income,14with“upper-middle”incomeand20with“low”or“lower-middle”income)andpolitics(allG20andBRICSnationsareincluded,butnottheEurope-anUnionasawhole).Somecountrieswereincludedonanad-hocbasisafterscreeningforrela-tivelygoodperformanceacrossseveralindicatorsorbasedonexperts’suggestions.••19.TrackingSDG7-TheEnergyProgressreport(2023)•••••••20.https://leap.unep.org/en/knowledge/glossary/common-differentiated-responsibilities21.https://www.equityreview.org/22.Lambolletal.(2023).Assessingthesizeanduncertaintyofremainingcarbonbudgets.23.Forcomparison,astudybytheClimateActionTrackerbasedonaselectionofpathwaysassessedbytheIPCCAR6showedthat“theworldshouldaimtoachievecleanelectricityby2040”andthattheglobalshareofrenewablesinelectricitygenerationshouldreach81%-89%by2030.Whilethestudyincorporatedsomeequityprinciplesbye.g.acceleratingthephaseoutofcoalandgasindevelopedcountries,theresultsarebasedonaselectionofpathwaysfromtheIPCCAR6,mostofthem“donotmakeexplicitassumptionsaboutglobalequity,environmentaljusticeorintra-regionalincomedistribution”(IPCCAR6).••24.SeeAppendixDfordetailsabouttheindicators(sources,dataavailability,etc.).••••25.SeeAppendixD.ProspectivecapacitiesaretakenfromGlobalEnergyMonitor,whichestimatesthatthethresholdsenabletocapture40%ofthetotaloperatingcapacityworldwideforSolarpower;around80%forgeothermalpower;closeto90%forWindpowerandjustabove80%forhydropower.26.Evenifacountryisperformingbetterbymanyordersofmagnitudeononeindicator,itdoesn’treceiveanextraadvantagethatcanbeusedtocompensateforalowerperformanceonanotherindicator.27.Ifcountriesareonpar,theonewiththefewestcategorieswithinthebottom20%isrankedfirst,followedbytheonewiththefewestcategoriesinthebottom40%,etc.28.Therateofchangeiscalculatedusingthemethodofleastsquarestofitaregressionline.29.WenotethattherateofchangeintheshareofrenewablesismorelikelytofollowanS-curvethanalinearcurve,withslowimprovementsatfirst,followedbyrapidimprovementsastechnologypenetratesthemarketandthenstalledimprovementswhenreachingsaturation.Howevertheproposedmeasurecanbeappliedtoallcountriesregardlessofwheretheycurrentlystand.30.pp:percentagepointsNocountriesintheChampionsgroup1Chile2Brazil3China4Finland5Sweden6Denmark7Norway8Germany9US10Spain11Portugala.NotintheChampionsgroupbecausetheyrankinthebottom40%performersintheChallengescategoryduetotheirrelianceonsolidbiofuels.b.Chinaistheonlycountrythatdoesnotrankinthebottom40%performersinanycategories.c.TheUSandSpainaretheonlycountriesintheFrontrunnercategoriesthatrankinthebottom20%per-formersinthe100%REcategory.TheUSrank59outof60inthatcategory.12Netherlands13Vietnam14Colombia15Jordan16Poland17India18Mexico19Malaysia20Greece21UK22Serbia23Croatia24Australia25Argentina26France27Indonesia28Austria29Türkiye30Morocco31Laos⚠32Japan33Canada34Uruguay35UAE36Ecuador37Thailand38Egypt39SouthAfrica40Cambodia41Switzerland42Russia43NewZealand44Philippines45Pakistan46SouthKorea47SaudiArabia⚠48Italy49UgandaYesh50Iraq⚠51Zambia52Kenya53Ethiopia54Iran55Algeria56Tanzania57Senegal58Bangladesh59Nigeria60Congod.AlthoughVietnamsawlargeimprovementsintheshareofrenewablesinthepowersector(6ppperyearbetween2019and2022),theshareofrenewablesinfinalenergyconsumptionhasalsosignificantlydecreasedbetween2017(21%)and2020(16%).Seehttps://www.iea.org/countries/viet-nam.e.NodataforoneindicatorintheCo-benefitscategory(employment)f.UAEistheonlycountryintheTrailergroupthatranksamongthebottom20%performersinboththePowerandEconomy-widecategories,whichcouldarguablybeconsideredthemostimportantones.g.A“U-turn”isneededbecausetheshareofrenewablesinelectricityhasdecreasedbyaround1.5ppperyearbetween2019and2022butUruguay’sshareofrenewablesinthepowersectorremainsveryhigh(85%)h.Ugandahasindeedincreaseditsshareofrenewables,mainlythroughhydrointhepowersector,butitremainsamongthecountrieswiththelargestaccessdeficitrates,with25millionpeoplestilllackingaccesstoelectricity.••31.https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions••32.WiththeexceptionofSaudiArabiawhoranksamongthetop60%intheFinancecategory,allothercountriesrankamongthebottom20%.33.IEA(2023).WorldEnergyInvestment.34.PowerShiftAfrica(2023).JustTransition.Aclimate,energyanddevelopmentvisionforAfrica.35.https://www.global-climatescope.org/markets/pl/36.https://ccpi.org/37.https://rise.esmap.org/38.https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/mexico/151151252251353352454453555654656655757756858857959958116010596039.53%intheIEA’srevisedNZEScenario,70%accordingtoClimateAnalyticsbasedonaselectionofParis-compatibleglobalpathwaysusedintheIPCCAR6report.40.UAEandSaudiArabiaaretheonlyhigh-incomecountriesthatareamongthebottom20%inboththepowersectorandeconomy-wide.41.https://carbontracker.org/reports/petrostates-energy-transition-report/42.ESMAP(2023).TrackingSDG7Progress.43.https://dont-gas-africa.org/44.https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2023/modules/energy_demand/151119133252220234353321337454422437655523537656758858960116045.Includingprojectsthatareinthepre-constructionorconstructionphasebutexcludingprojectsthathavebeenannouncedonly.Thedatasetmostlyincludesprojectsaboveacertainsizeandthereforedisadvantagecountriesthatwilldeploysmaller-scalerenewableunits(AppendixD).46.https://fossilfreejapan.org/47.IRENA(2023)Thecostoffinancingforrenewablepower.48.FrackinginPatagonia,TheGuardianOctober2023,‘VacaMuertawasthefuture’:Argentinagoesallinonfracking49.https://www.odt.co.nz/business/smelter-key-renewable-energy-strategy50.https://reneweconomy.com.au/new-nz-government-to-abandon-plans-for-zero-emissions-grid-by-2030/••••51.https://energyfinance.org/#/52.Ontopofenergygeneration,thisincludesvarioussectorssuchasbatteries,energyefficiencyandhydrogen.UnlikeinOCI’sanalyses,biofuels,biomassandlargehydropowerwereallconsideredasrenewables.119130151Cambodia52Uruguay220231253Senegal54Kenya321332355Zambia56Nigeria422433457Tanzania58Ethiopia523534559Uganda60Congo67891053.Seecasestudiesandbestpractisesine.g.theCommunityEnergyToolkit(IRENACoalitionforAction,2021)••54.Seee.g.FERN(2023),Duped55.IRENA(2022).Renewableenergyandjobs.56.https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/uruguay-renewable-energy-equipment57.https://www.iea.org/reports/critical-minerals-policy-tracker58.https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/from-us/briefings/renewable-energy-human-rights-benchmark/59.SeesectionMethodology-CountriesforanexplanationofthedistinctionbetweenAdvancedandEmergingandDevelopingEconomiesaswellasBox2foranexplanationofthebenchmarksused.•••60.3othercountrieshaveseentheirshareofrenewablesdecliningoverthelast3yearsavailable,butataverylowrate(<0.5percentagepointperyear):Pakistan,PhilippinesandEthiopia.••61.Theshareofrenewablesinfinalenergyconsumptiondeclinedin6othercountriesbutataverylowrate(NewZealand,Zambia,Philippines,Tanzania,NigeriaandBangladesh)62.SystemsChangeLab(2023).StateofClimateAction.63.UNFCCC(2023).NDCSynthesisReport.64.UNEP(2023).ProductionGapReport2023.➜➜➜➜➜➜➜65.WWF(2022).Insuringanature-positiveworld.66.WWF(2019).HydropowerpressureonEuropeanrivers.67.CAN(2023).Globaltargetsforcleanrenewablesandenergyefficiencymuststandalongsidefos-silfuelphaseout.68.CAN(2023).Thetransitionto100%REmustbejust,equitableandrapid.70.pp:percentagepoints•SP.POP.TOTL).••••••••••••72.https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-07-01-01.pdf73.https://www.who.int/tools/clean-household-energy-solutions-toolkit/module-7-defining-clean74.https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/energy/renewable-energy/indicator/english_aac7c3f1-en@