GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027iGlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027TableofContentsChapter1ExecutiveSummary2Chapter2SafetyTrainingStandardsandGrowingDemandforTraining6Chapter3WindWorkforceForecastsandDynamics8Chapter4GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook,2023-202711Chapter5CountryCommentaries15Chapter6Methodology:TheGWOWindWorkforceForecastingModel37Copyright©October2023PermissionsandUsage:Thisdocumentcontainsforward-lookingstatements.Thesestatementsarebasedoncurrentviews,expectations,assumptionsandinformationoftheAuthors(GWEC&GWO).TheauthorsandtheirThisworkissubjecttocopyright.Itscontentmaybereproducedinpartfornon-commercialpurposes,employeesandrepresentativesdonotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataorconclusionsofthiswork.withfullattribution.Theyarenotresponsibleforanyadverseeffects,lossordamageinanywayresultingfromthiswork.Design:Authors:AspireDesign,IndiaAndreaScassola(GWO)PublicationDate:IanBuckland(GWO)11October2023JoyceLee(GWEC)FengZhao(GWEC)AnjaliLathigara(GWEC)iiGlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027JakobLauHolst,CEO,GlobalWindOrganisationForewordBenBackwell,CEO,GlobalWindEnergyCouncilThelastfewyearshaveexposedTheGWO/GWECGlobalWindWorkforcetoworkwithasystemthatrecognisesworkinginconstructionandnewdimensionsandvulnerabilitiesOutlook2023-2027isthefourthstandardswhereverpossible.installationversusoperationsandoftheglobalenergysystem.editionofourjointworkhighlightingmaintenancewillreduce.By2027,theworkforcedevelopmentrequiredtoThatcombinednarrativeofworkforceO&MtechnicianswillmakeupClimatechangeismanifestingwithmeettheforecastglobalexpansionofdevelopmentandtheneedfora46%oftheprojectedworkforcemoreseveritythanever,andthetheindustry,highlightinginparticular,collaborativeapproachisachievedin2027from42%in2023.currentglobalenergycrisishasmadewindtechnicianswhoconstruct,install,throughauniquecombinationofinputs.itabundantlycleartheworldmustoperateandmaintainwindassets.GWECMarketIntelligenceglobalonshore•Increasesinturbineratingstransitiontoasecureandresilientandoffshorewindoutlook,alignedwillresultinalowernumberofrenewables-basedenergysystem.Thisreport,publishedinthecontextofwithGWO’sWorkforceForecastingpeopleworkingonaperMWwindsupplychainchallengesexperiencedModel,continuesandrefinesourbasis,particularlyoffshore.Windenergyisattheheartoftheenergyinregionsaroundtheworldamidrisingunderstandingofthetaskahead:transition.UndertheInternationalcostsandaninflationaryenvironment,Asglobalindustryassociations,GWORenewableEnergyAgency’s1.5°CfocusesontheenormoussocioeconomicMorethan574,000technicianswillbeandGWECplayaroleintheemploymentScenario,cumulativeglobalrenewablevalueandtransformativejobcreationneededtoconstruct,install,operateprocessvaluechain,whichalsoinvolvesenergycapacitymusttripleby2030,opportunitiesbroughtbywindpowerandmaintaintheworld’srapidlygrowingemployers,investors,policymakersandwithwindcapacityscalingbynearlytocountriesaroundtheworld.windfleetby2027.Thereportreveals:regulatorstonameafewstakeholders.fourtimestomorethan3,500GWbytheendofthedecade.WindenergyItalsoremindsusthatfortheindustry•ThewindworkforcewillgrowWehopethatthisreportwillsupportalreadyprovidesaffordable,zero-togrowsustainably,arapidlyexpandingfasteroffshore(+79%)thanstakeholdersinthegrowingwindenergycarbonelectricitytopowereconomies,workforcemustbeaffordedaccessonshore(+12%)from2022-2027.industrybyprovidingvisibilityoftherevitaliselocalcommunitiesanddrivetotrainingaccordingtoindustrybestvariedopportunitiesavailabletofostersustainabledevelopment.Large-practice,sotheycanworksafely•Morethan400,000peopleworkforcedevelopmentandforthescalewindprojectsreducerelianceandreturnhometotheirfamilies.neededforC&IandO&Mcouldwindindustrytocontributetoclimateonimportedandvolatilefossilfuels,receiveindustrystandardresilientgrowtharoundtheworld.andcreateadiversevaluechainofjobAsaglobalindustry,werelyheavilyontraininginthenextfiveyears.opportunities,frompaperconcepttocooperationbetweenstakeholdersfromgeneratingpoweroverthecourseofdifferentcountries,soitisnecessary•Astheindustrymatures,thegapanaverage25-yearassetlifetime.betweennumbersoftechnicians1GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Chapter1:ExecutiveSummary2GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027ThereiswideningconsensusthatThisyear’sreportseekstoanswerchainacrossglobalonshoreandAswindpowerexpands,awell-trainedwindandotherformsofrenewablethreefundamentalquestions:offshorewindfrom2023to2027.1windtechnicianworkforceisneededenergyarethesolutionstothemosttoinstallnewturbinesandmaintainthedefiningchallengeofourgeneration1.HowmanytechnicianswillWenotethatthismodeldoesnotincludeoperationalfleet.Thisgivesopportunities–climatechange.Thisisreflectedrequirewindindustrystandardcalculationsofworkforceneedsinforjobcreationforlocalandnationalinrisinggovernmentambitionandtrainingfortheconstructionandothersegmentsoftheprojectlifecycle,governmentsthatfosterrenewablepublicrallyingcallsforwindenergyinstallationandoperationandsuchasresearchanddevelopment,energyasadriverforsocioeconomiccapacityacrosstheglobe.maintenanceofwindassets?procurement,manufacturing(themostdevelopment,andfortrainingproviderslabour-intensivesegmentincertainlookingtoexpandtheiractivitiestowardsIn2023,thewindindustrypassedthe2.Whatisthegapbetweenthemarkets),transportandlogistics,developedandemergingeconomies.milestoneof1TWofinstalledwindlevelofpenetrationforGWOdecommissioningandrepowering,etc.capacityglobally,andweareon-trackindustry-standardtrainingthatisInthecomingyears,itisexpectedtoinstallanotherTWwithinthisdecade.currentlyavailableandthelevelThereport’soutlookfortrainingthatthenumberoftechniciansintheThisfast-pacedgrowthindicatesanthatwouldberequiredtotraintheneedsisthereforejustafractionC&Isegmentwillincreaseby9%fromurgentneedforaskilledandtrainedforecastworkforceoutto2027?oftheexpansivejobopportunities286,200people(253,200onshore,workforcereadytodeployforthewhichwillbegeneratedbythe33,000offshore)in2022to311,100forecastinstallationsahead,andtosafely3.Wherearethebiggestopportunitiesgrowthofwindenergyworldwide.(256,000onshore,55,100offshore)inoperateandmaintainanexpandingwindforeducatorsandtrainingproviders2027.Similarly,thetotalnumberofO&Mfleetincountriesaroundtheworld.toenhancethewindworkforce?Annualwindcapacityadditionsaroundthetechniciansisexpectedtogrow29%fromworldareprojectedtodoublefrom78GW203,400peoplein2022to263,100inAsthefourtheditionofthisreportTheoutlookbuildsuponGWO’sin2022to155GWin2027,according2027,drivenbyalargeroperationalfleet.seriesadvocatingforthejobcreationWorkforceForecastingModelandtoGWECMarketIntelligence.Bytheopportunitiesinthewindsector,theleveragesGWEC’sGlobalWindMarketendof2027,thecumulativeworldwideNearly600,000skilledworkerswillbeGlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-Intelligenceastheprimaryinputstooperationalwindfleetispoisedtoexceedrequiredtoconstruct,install,operate2027outlinesthenear-termdemanddeterminethevolumeoftechnicians1,500GW,morethandoublethelevelandmaintaintheglobalwindfleetbyfortrainedandcertifiedtechniciansforandskilledworkersrequiredfortheattainedpriortotheCOVID-19pandemic.2027alone.Overallforecastssuggestconstruction,installation(C&I),operationC&IandO&Msegmentsofthevalueanincreaseofatleast17%forrequiredandmaintenance(O&M)ofwindfarms.1SeeMethodologysectionattheendofthisreport.newqualifiedpersonneleveryyearintheC&IandO&Msegments,growing3GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027thetotalnumberofskilledworkersAsthewindindustrycontinuestoenergytransitionawayfromfossilfuels,from489,600peoplein2022to574,175innovate,moreefficientandhigherandensuringworkersandcommunitiesin2027.DrivenbyincreasesinMWaverageratingonshoreturbineswillhaveaplaceinamodern,sustainablecapacityandassociatedattrition,asreducethenumberoftechniciansneededandrenewables-basedeconomy.employeesexitthesector,almost43%onaper-MWbasis.Inthecaseofoffshoreofthe574,200technicianworkforcewind,withthelikelihoodoflargerprojectsFigure1-ForecastCapacityInstallationsandNumberofPeopleRequiringC&IandO&MTrainingwillneedtoberecruitedbetweendeployinghigher-ratedturbinesmuchfrom2023-20272023-2027(seeanalysisonpagefurtheroffshore,ahighernumberofO&M12).AnalysisfindsthatworkforcetechniciansareexpectedtobedeployedCountryOnshoreWindOffshoreWindTotalneedswillgrowmorerapidlyoffshore,permanentlyon-sitetoaddressanyrisks.Peopleincreasing79%from2022to2027InstallationsTrainingNeedsInstallationsTrainingNeedscomparedto12%onshorewithintheFurthersupportonskillsandtraining(MW)(#oftechnicians)6,624sametimeframe.However,whileoffshorestandardisationfromindustryand(MW)(#oftechnicians)12,308windtechnicianswillgainshareoveradoptionofGWOstandardswillhelp249,315thenextfiveyears,by202687%ofthetosupportpersonalandoperationalAustralia7,6256,62400technicianswillstillbelocatedonshore.riskmitigationthroughdeploymentofBrazil16,00012,30800694certifiedworkers.SkillingandcertificationChina300,000219,62264,00029,6933,017Inparticular,thisreportexaminesthewillalsoenablegreaterjobmobilityforColombia0028,350policyandworkforceoutlookfor10individualstomoveacrosscompaniesEgypt2,250694005,113countrieswherewindpowerisontheandregionsinthewindsector.India3,5503,01720697rise:theUnitedStates,China(excluding21,30027,653574Taiwan),Australia,SouthKorea,India,MeetingglobalwindpowerambitionsJapanandBrazil,Colombia,KenyamustbebackedbyastrongcultureofJapan3,8003,3558481,7582,450andEgypt.Thesemarketsrepresenthealthandsafety,askilledworkforceand73%(490GW)ofallnewonshoreanefficientsupplychain.GovernmentKenya5505740077,493andoffshorewindcapacityadditionsandindustry-ledinitiativesfortrainingSouth1,000820expectedworldwideoverthefive-andcertificationareawin-win,bothKorea55,00071,7422,2991,630385,938yearforecastperiod.TrainingneedsadvancingsocioeconomicopportunitiesUSA411,075346,409inthese10countriesconstitute67%andenablingsafetyandstablegrowthTotalTen551,475499,48111,8585,751574,175ofthetotalnumberofC&IandO&Mofthewindindustry.AsreflectedbyCountriestechniciansin2027and75%ofthethesignificanttrainingneedsahead,Global79,02539,529totaltrainingdevelopmentpotentialthewindenergyworkforcewillbeakeyprojectedoverthenextfiveyears.actorinsupportingajustandequitable123,01874,694Source:GWO,GWEC2023GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Fig2-ForecastNumberofPeopleRequiringC&IandO&MTrainingtomeetWindEnergyGrowthasoftheEndof2027.(AdditionalC&IandO&MWindTechniciansRequiringTrainingfrom2023-2027)USAEgyptIndiaSouthKorea77,4933,01728,3502,450(65,642)(2,833)(20,143)(1,996)ColombiaBrazilJapan69412,3085,113(684)(3,354)(3,560)GlobalTotalKenyaAustraliaChina574,1755746,624249,31510(574)(4,012)(246,733)55GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Chapter2:SafetyTrainingStandardsandGrowingDemandforTraining6GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Aswindindustrygrowthacceleratestheworld’slargestwindindustrytowardsemploymentknownastheGWOGrowingDemandforWindSafetyanditsworkforcebecomesemployers.TheypoolknowledgeandEntryLevelFramework.ThiscombinationTrainingincreasinglymobile,beingabletodataonrisksandhazardsinthewindofGWOcoursesforentry-leveljobDuring2022themostfrequentlytrainedtransfersafetytrainingcertificationsturbineenvironment,prioritisingtheprofilesincludesGWOBasicTechnicalGWOmoduleswereWorkingatHeightsacrosscompaniesandcountriescreationoftrainingstandardsthatTrainingandGWOBasicSafetyTraining(WAH),ManualHandling(MH),FirebecomesakeyenablerofindustrywillhaveameaningfulimpactontheplusavarietyofadditionalcoursesAwareness(FAW)andFirstAid(FA),allscalabilityandinternationalgrowth.safetyofthewidestpossiblecohortspecifictothetask,siteandemployer.ofwhicharepartoftheBasicSafetyofwindturbinetechnicians.InclusiveTraining(BST)StandardandmustbeTheBenefitsofStandardisationdesignprocessesensuretrainingTheGlobalCommunityofTrainingrefreshedatintervals.Thenumberofstandardsarefitforpurpose.ProviderswindtechniciansworldwidewithanTheglobalwindindustrycollaborates,activeGWOcertificateinatleastoneofthroughGWO,settinginternationallyTheGWOTrainingStandardsCurrently,standardsarerecognisedtheGWOmodulesalmostdoubledfromrecognisedstandardswhichaddressPortfolioandusedinmorethan50countries,around79,000inthefirsthalfof2019tothemostcommonrisksandhazardsandcanbeaccessedatmorethanaround156,400inthefirsthalfof2023,facedbytechniciansintheirwork.In2023,theGWOstandardsportfolio540trainingcentrescertifiedtodeliversignallingastrongexpansionofwindThisresultsinreducedcomplexity,consistsof16standardsdividedintoGWOcourses.Thecoursecertificatespowerandtrainedworkforceneeds.Theremovalofduplicationandincreased27modules.Someofthestandards(trainingrecords)areownedbythenumberoftechnicianswhowillneedGWOproductivityforthewindtechnicianintroduceenduringskillsthattechniciansindividualwindtechnician,andcanbetrainingissettoincrease17%from2022workforceoverthelongterm.Third-partypracticeeverydayatwork,whileotherverifiedinanonlineglobaltrainingrecordsto2027,whichinturnrequiresscalingcertificationofGWOtrainingassuresskillsthatarenotusedonadailybasisdatabase,establishingamechanismuptrainingprovidersandeducationalquality,andenablesparticipantsand(suchaspractisingfirstaidorrescuingfortransparencyandaccountabilityfacilitiesinwindmarketsworldwide.theiremployerstoverifywhenwindaninjuredpersonfromthenacelletotheforsafetyacrossthesupplychainandtechniciansareappropriatelytrained.ground)mustberefreshedregularly.allteamsworkingonagivensite.HowareTrainingStandardsIn2022,globalduty-holdershavealignedDeveloped?descriptionsforentry-leveljobprofilesforwindtechnicians,andagreedonGWOtrainingstandardsaretheskills,knowledgeandabilitiesthatcanproductofcollaborationbetweenHSEbeacquiredthroughatrainingpathwayandtrainingexpertsrepresenting7GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Chapter3:WindWorkforceForecastsandDynamics8GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Asglobalinstalledwindcapacityistoacquireorrefreshtheirsafetyandhasasteadygrowthprofileandprovesstartstogrowslowlybutgainstractionsettogrowby74%from906GWintechnicalskillsduringtheoutlookperiod.resilienttoyear-over-yearfluctuationsastheinstalledbasebecomesmore2022to1,581GWin20272,askilledininstalledvolumes.Bycontrast,significant.Importantly,bothC&IandworkforceisneededtoinstallandTheforecastsincludepre-assemblydemandforC&IactivityisvolatilebyO&Mrequireasignificantbaseoflocallymaintaintheglobalwindfleet.TrainingworkforoffshoreC&I.However,theynature,asrelevantemploymentpatternsemployedwindtechnicians,whichprovidersandeducatorshaveaexcludetheworkforcefromothervaryalongsideannualinstallations.requiresplanningforlocalrecruitmentsignificantopportunitytorampupsegmentsofthewindprojectlifecycle,andsupplyoftraining.Thevolumedeliveryofskilledpersonneltraining.suchasresearchanddevelopment,Whileinvestmentinnewcapacityofwindtechniciansdeployedlocallyprocurement,manufacturingrequiresintenseC&IactivityandhasalsohelpstodeliversocioeconomicDefiningtheWorkforceForecast(traditionallythemostlabour-intensiveasubstantialimpactonemploymentbenefitstothecommunitieshostingsegmentincertainmarkets),transport,duringtheearlyyearsofindustrywindprojectsandrelatedinfrastructureDuringthepasttwoyears,GWOhasdecommissioningandrepowering.development,demandforO&Mworkandfacilities,andmayprovideaworkedtodevelopamodelthatforecastsThewiderworkforcethroughoutthethegrowthinthenumberofwindwindvaluechainisthereforelargerFigure3-GlobalWindCapacityAdditionsandC&ITechnicianWorkforcetechniciansoverafive-yearhorizon.ThethantheworkforceeligibleforGWOmodel’slatestupdateisconfiguredtousetrainingidentifiedinthisreport.MWPeopleGWEC’sglobalwindmarketforecastsas140,000300,000itsprimaryinputandfocusonthetotalTheimpactofrefreshercoursesisnot120,000numberofwindtechniciansinvolvedinconsideredintheworkforceforecasts100,000250,000theC&IandO&Moftheonshoreandbutrepresentsanadditionalopportunity200,000offshorewindcapacityinstalledgloballyfortrainingprovidersandeducators.80,000eachyearfrom2022to2027.Theresults60,000150,000reflectthenumberofwindtechniciansDifferentProjectPhases,Different40,000100,000thatwillworkinthephasesofC&IandWorkforcePatterns20,000O&Meachyearfrom2022to2027.The50,000annualnumberscanalsobeviewedGrowthdynamicsinworkforcedemand00asrepresentingthetotalnumberofcanberadicallydifferentacrossC&Iandpersons,whowillneedtoreceivetrainingO&M.Sincedemandformaintenance202220232024202520262027hasalinearrelationshipwiththesize2GlobalWindEnergyOutlook,Q12023MarketOutlookoftheinstalledfleet,O&MemploymentAnnualOffshoreCapacityAdditionsAnnualOnshoreCapacityAdditionsC&IOffshoreWorkforceC&IOnshoreWorkforceSource:GWO,GWEC20239GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027responsetothepotentialdisplacementturbinesinawindfarmshouldincreaseonaper-turbinebasisforwindfarmsthatfactorssuchashigheraverageturbineofworkersfromsunsetindustriestechnicians’productivityandresultinaadoptanonshore-basedstrategythanratings-willbevisibleonshore,reducingassociatedwiththefossilfuelssector.sharpdropofpeopleperMW.However,forwindfarmsthatemploySOVsorAPs.thenumberoftechniciansneededonaasoffshoreturbineratingincreases,Estimatesrangefrom0.3to0.6people/per-MWbasis.ThenumberofonshoreGiventhatthenumberoftechnicianssodoestheimpactofturbinefailure,turbineforsmallerwindfarmslocatedO&MtechniciansisexpectedtogrowrequiredfortheC&Ioflargerturbinesandoperatorsseektomitigatethisrisklessthan30kmawayfromshoreto0.725%from194,600peoplein2022todoesnotdeviatesignificantlyfromthebysecuringapermanentpresenceofto1.5people/turbineforwindfarmsthat243,500peoplein2027.Offshore,alowerheadcountneededfortheinstallationtechniciansonsite.Thus,asturbinearelargerinsizeorlocated>40kmaway.numberofmachineswillpromptassetofturbineswithlowerpowerrating,ratingincreases,andprojectsbecomeownerstosecureasubstantialpresenceannualgainsinturbineratingresultinlargerandarelocatedfurtheroffshore,GWOexpectsthetotalnumberofO&Mofpersonnelonsite,partlyoffsettingthealowernumberofturbinesandthusoperatorsincreasinglyoptforoffshore-technicianstogrow29%from203,400efficiencygainsachievedthroughhigherinalowerworkforcerequirementbasedO&Mstrategies,whichtypicallypeoplein2022to263,100in2027,drivenrating.GWOexpectsthenumberofonaper-MWbasisthroughouttherequireahighernumberoftechniciansbyalargeroperationalfleet.EfficiencyoffshoreO&Mtechnicianstogrow122%outlookperiod(seeMethodologyperturbine.Arelativelysmallwindfarmgains-drivenprimarilybytechnologyfrom8,800in2022to19,600in2027.sectionattheendofthisreport).locatedupto30kmfromshorewouldallowforonshore-basedO&MstrategiesFigure4-GlobalOperationalWindCapacityandO&MTechnicianWorkforceTheseefficiencygainswilloccuracrossmakinguseofcrewtransfervesselssectorsbutwillhaveamorematerial(CTVs).Largerplants,evenmoresoifMWPeopleimpactoffshorethanonshoreduetolocatedfurtherawayfromshore(i.e.theratingincreaseintermsofMW>40km),requirepermanenton-site1,600,000300,000nameplatecapacity.GWOexpectsavailabilityofasubstantialnumberof1,400,000thenumberofC&Itechnicianstotechnicians,andthusarebetterserviced1,200,000250,000increase,drivenmostlybytheadditionviaserviceoperationvessels(SOVs)or1,000,000ofnewturbines,growingfrom286,200accommodationplatforms(APs).Thetotal200,000people(253,200onshore,33,000capacityoftheplatformsorthevessels800,000offshore)in2022to311,100(256,000usedtomaintainasinglewindfarmworks600,000150,000onshore,55,100offshore)in2027.asareliableindicatoroftheworkforce400,000thatneedstobereadilyavailable200,000100,000AsfarasO&Misconcerned,GWOforO&Mactivity(seeMethodologyexpectsthereductioninthenumbersectionattheendofthisreport).050,000ofturbinestodrivemoreoperationalefficiencygainsonshore.LogisticsplayDataextractedacrossaround50offshore0akeyroleindefiningoffshoreO&MwindprojectsshowthattheO&Mstrategies.Inprinciple,alowernumberoftechnicianworkforcetendstobelower202220232024202520262027OperationalOffshoreWindCapacityOperationalOnshoreWindCapacityO&MOffshoreWorkforceO&MOnshoreWorkforceSource:GWO,GWEC202310GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Chapter4:GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook,2022-202611GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027DrawingfromGWEC’swindcapacityFigure5-TheGWOTrainedWorkforceandtheTotalNumberofTechniciansNeededintheC&IandO&MSegmentsforecastsandwindprojectrecords,theworkforcemodelusesdataandPeopleassumptionsthathelpestimate700,000thesizeandforecastthegrowthofthetotalnumberoftechnicians600,000555,279448,291489,620528,430539,507545,404574,175overafive-yearforecastperiod.500,000428,379551,133400,000ThevolumeofexpectedC&Iand510,989O&Mactivitywillrequirenewqualifiedpersonneleveryyear,growingthe409,720totalnumberoftechniciansinthesesegmentsfrom489,600people300,00040,298in2022to574,175in2027.70,966200,00085,033Thisrepresentsacalltoactionforthe99,473industrytocollaboratewitheducators100,000119,378andgovernmentstoensurethatenergy144,558transitionambitionsarealignedwith156,353workforceplanningonanationalandsub-nationalscale,andastrategyisin02018201920202021202220232024e2025e2026e2027eplacetoestablishlocaleducationand2017trainingcentrestotargettherecruitmentC&IandO&MWorkforceGWOTrainedWorkforceandtrainingoflocalworkforces.Source:GWO,GWEC202312GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Asoftheendof2022,145,000Figure6-ShareoftheTotalEstimatedFigure7-AnnualC&IandO&MWorkforceForecasts,OnshoreandOffshorepeopleheldatleastonevalidtrainingNumberofTechniciansNeededforC&IandcertificateintheBSTStandard.O&Min2022ThismeansthatGWOtrainingcovered30%ofthetotalnumberofPeopletechniciansestimatedglobally.100%476,280479,571482,389481,255499,481600,00080%500,000447,802Thisshareisestimatedtohaveremained30%60%91%90%89%88%87%87%400,000stableasofthefirsthalfof2023,300,000whenactiveBSTcertificateholdersNonGWOTrainedamountedto156,400againstatotal40%200,000numberoftechniciansintheC&IandSource:GWO,GWEC2023100,000O&Msegmentsestimatedat528,40020%41,81852,15059,93663,01569,87874,6940people.Increasingtheaccessibilityanduseofgloballyrecognisedtrainingwillbe70%0%9%10%11%12%13%13%crucialtofacilitatetechnicians’mobilityGWOTrained202220232024202520262027andminimizetheneedforretraining.OffshoreShareoftheC&IandO&MWorkforceOffshoreC&IandO&MWorkforceTheanalysisexpectsthetotalnumberofOnshoreShareoftheC&IandO&MWorkforceOnshoreC&IandO&MWorkforcetechnicianstogrowmorerapidlyoffshore,increasing79%from2022to2027Source:GWO,GWEC2023comparedto12%onshorewithinthesametimeframe.However,whileoffshorewindtechnicianswillgainshareoverthenextfiveyears,by202787%ofthetechnicianswillstillbelocatedonshore.13GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027BasedontheannualC&IandO&MDemandforwindpowerwilldrivetheFigure9-EntryLevelC&IandO&MWorkforceNeededEachYearworkforceforecastsforonshoreandneedforC&IandO&Mworkforceforaoffshore,thepotentialdemandfortotalof84,600entryleveltechniciansPeoplewindtechnicianstrainingisprojectedduringthe2023-2027period,averagingtogrowfrom4.9millionmodulesin16,900entry-leveltechnicianseveryyear,80,00068,22668,18756,1102023to5.5millionmodulesin2027.globally.Assuminganannualattrition70,00026,89729,377SeetheMethodologysectionforrateof6%withintheexistingpopulation60,00042,78338,26738,453furtherinformationonthescopeoftechnicians,entryleveltechnicians50,00041,32938,81031,706oftrainingandapplication.areestimatedtobe243,800infrom40,00011,07733,0682023to2027,growingatanaverage30,000of48,800peopleeveryyear,globally.20,00032,37032,72410,0005,8975,729Figure8-ForecastNecessaryGWOTrainingModules23,04206,000,0005,151,2615,463,9522022202320242025202620275,000,0004,873,3624,814,2145,045,172EntryLevelTechnicians-DemandEntryLevelTechnicians-Attrition4,000,000Source:GWO,GWEC20233,000,0002,000,0001,000,000020242025202620272023BasicSafetyTraining(BST)BasicTechnicalTraining(BTT)AdvancedRescueTraining(ART)EnhancedFirstAid(EFA)BladeRepair(BR)SlingerSignaller(SLS)Lift(LOT)ControlofHazardousEnergy(COHE)WindLimitedAccess(WLA)Crane&Hoist(CH)Source:GWO,GWEC202314GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Chapter5:CountryCommentaries15GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027InadditiontotheglobalwindworkforceFigure10-TrainedC&IandO&MTechniciansNeededinSelectedWindPowerCountriesforecastfortrainingneedsintheC&IandO&Msegments,thisreportalsoPeopleanalysesthetrainingneedsspecific7,000,000totenselectedcountries:China,USA,India,Brazil,Japan,SouthKoreaand6,000,000528,430539,507545,404551,133574,175emergingwindmarketsofAustralia,5,000,000Colombia,EgyptandKenya.489,6202027RestoftheWorldThesecountrieswereselectedfor4,000,000regionaldiversityandmarketgrowth:Combined,theyrepresent73%(490GW)3,000,000ofallnewonshoreandoffshorewindcapacityadditionsexpected2,000,000worldwidefrom2023to2027.1,000,000Together,thetrainingneedsinthesetencountriesaccountforapproximately0202320242025202667%ofthetotalnumberofC&Iand2022O&Mtechniciansin2026and75%ofthetotaltrainingdevelopmentpotentialChinaUSAIndiaBrazilAustraliaprojectedoverthenextfiveyears.SouthKoreaColombiaEgyptKenyaJapanSource:GWO,GWEC2023GWOtrainingprovidersandeducatorscanpotentiallyextendtrainingtoanadditional429,600peoplegloballyfrom2023to2027.16GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027TheFederalGovernmentofAustraliaandheavyindustriescommittingforissupportiveofonshoreandoffshoreusageofcaptiverenewablesandgreenAustraliawinddevelopment.Ithascommittedtohydrogen.Lastly,severaltransmissiona43%emissionsreductionby2030projects,suchasProjectEnergyConnect,andtonetzeroby2050.WhilethereVNIWestandMarinusLink,areeitherarenofederalwindtargets,theVictoriaapprovedorunderconstruction.StateGovernmentdecidedtoprovideoffshorewindbusinesscasecertaintyToencouragetheAustralianoffshoretoinvestorsbysettingatargetof2GWwindsectorinAugust2022,thefederaloffshorewindgenerationby2032,governmentannouncedtheestablishment4GWby2035and9GWby2040.TheofseveraloffshorewindzonesaroundnewlyelectedNewSouthWalesStatethecountry(Gippsland,HunterValley,GovernmentisstillconsideringtoIllawarra,Portland,NorthernTasmania,introducestateoffshorewindtargetforPerth,andBunbury).Similarly,VictoriaitsHunterValleyandIllawarrazones.setupaone-stop-shopagencycalledOffshoreWindEnergyVictoriaIn2022,Australiainstalled1.4GWofnew(OWEV)foroffshorewindprocurement,onshorewindcapacitywhichtakestotaltransmission,ports,policy,workforcewindinstalledcapacityto10.5GW.Thedevelopment,legislation,andreform.Thetotalcapacityofshovel-readyonshoreinitialfeasibilitylicenceapplicationforthewindprojectsatthestartof2023wasGippslandzone(tobeawardedbeforethecloseto4GW.Basedonannouncedendof2023)attracted37applicationsprojectcommissioningdatesandafterconsultations.ApplicationsactivityGWECMarketIntelligenceforecasts,increasedduring2023astwootherannualinstallationswillsurgefrom2024consultationswerelaunchedinthewithmorethan3GWofonshorewindHunterandSouthernOceanRegionsexpectedtobeconnectedbefore2026.inFebruary2023andJune2023,Growthmomentumislikelytocontinuerespectively.TheStateofWesternbeyond2025becausefirst;morestatesAustraliaisexpectedtobeconsideredhaverolledoutrenewabletendersandinthenexttrancheofconsultations.zonestoreplacecoalplantsduetoretire.Secondly,strongcorporatePPAmarketAlthoughbeingrelativelynewtothedrivenbysustainabilitygoalsandminingoffshorewindspace,Australiaispolitically17GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027committedtoadoptingbestpracticehasavisiontobeattheforefrontofFigure11-OnshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&IandO&MinforoffshorerenewableenergythroughgreenhydrogenproductionthroughtheAustraliaforward-lookingregulations,competitiverenewablesandexport,theQueenslandlicenseprocessandflexibleframeworksStateGovernmenthaslaunchedPeopleMWpublishedlastyear.TheseincludetheHydrogenIndustryWorkforce7,0002,500theOffshoreElectricityInfrastructureDevelopmentRoadmap2022-2032.2,000Act2021(OEIActforactivitiesin6,0001,500Commonwealthwaters),OffshoreWorkforceTrainingNeeds1,000ElectricityInfrastructureRegulations5,0001,5001,6002,0002,0005002022,OffshoreElectricityInfrastructureThenumberofactiveGWOcertified4,0005,7046,2226,2846,6240(RegulatoryLevies)Regulations2022andtrainingcentresinAustraliagrew3,000CostRecoveryImplementationStatementsignificantlyfromtwoin2018to132,0004,844(CRIS).AustraliahascommittedtoGlobalin2023,successfullyaddressingtheOffshoreWindAllianceatCOP27,astrainingneedsofarapidlygrowingwind1,412partademonstrationofitsownambitionworkforce.Bytheendof2022,2,600andtoencourageothercountriestopeoplewerecertifiedinatleastonevalid1,0003,692525exploreoffshorewindopportunities.BSTmodule,upfrom600attheendof0202220232018.GWOandGWECestimatethatUnlockingthefulloffshorewindpotentialthetotalC&IandO&Mworkforcewill2024202520262027willrequireAustraliatoconsideranumbernumber6,600people,upfrom3,700inofchallenges,commontootheremerging2022.GWECexpectsAustralia’sfirstSource:GWO,GWEC2023ForecastWorkforceNeedsWindAdditions(MW)markets,overthenexttwoyearstooffshorewindfarmstoreachcommercialensuretimelyprojectscommissioning.operationsin2031,withnoimpactontheTheseinclude:gridconnections,portworkforceduringtheoutlookperiod.infrastructure,accesstovessels,workforcedevelopment(includingskillsdevelopmenttraining)andinvestinginsupplychaincapacitydevelopment.Inadditiontooffshorewind,renewablehydrogenproductionisatthecentreofcountry’sglobaldecarbonisationstrategies.ItsNationalHydrogenStrategy18GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Amoreclimate-friendlyBrazilianfederaloverthenextdecade,oralmost16GWinadministrationisresumingworkontheperiod2023-2027,thoughthismayBrazilkeyissuesthatwereabandonedinprovetobeaconservativeestimate.recentyears,suchastheprotectionoftheAmazonandinvestmentinclimateOffshorewindandgreenhydrogenarechangemitigation.UndertheParisexpectedtoactasadditionaldriversforAgreement,Brazilhascommittedtowindenergydevelopmentinthecomingreducegreenhousegasemissionsbyyears.AccordingtoEPE’s‘Roadmap37%from2005levelsby2025andEólicaOffshoreBrasil’,Brazilhasahugeby50%by2030.AtCOP26,Braziloffshorewindpotentialofroughly700GWannouncedazeroillegaldeforestationinwaterswithadepthofupto50metrestargetby2030alongsideanationaloff8,000kilometresofcoastline.AWorldhydrogenstrategy.ThelatestTen-YearBankstudyfindsmorethan1,200GWofEnergyExpansionPlanbyBrazilianoffshorewindpotential.Thiscomplementsenergyplanningagency,EPE,foreseestheimpressive500GWofonshorewindrenewableenergyrepresenting48%ofpotentialestimatedbyABEEólica.thecountry’senergymatrixby2031.AseriesofregulatoryoutputsstimulatedArecentreportbyABEEólica,theoffshorewindmarketdevelopmentBrazilianwindenergyindustryinBrazilin2022.FederalDecreeassociation,foundthatforeveryBrazilian10,946/2022setguidelinesontheuseReal(BRL)investedinwindfarms,thereofmaritimespaceandtheexploitationisaBRL2.9upliftinGDP.BytheendofnaturalresourcesandanAct,PLof2022Brazilexceeded25.6GWtotal576/2021regulatingalltypesofenergywindcapacityandwitnessedanotherexplorationintheocean(andinotherstrongyearofgrowth.Thisincludedthekindsofwaterbodies)introducedlargesteveronshorewindinstallationaone-stop-shopsystemthroughof4GWnewcapacity,primarilydrivenaninformationportalthatmanagesbythefreemarketenvironmentforoffshoreareasforpowergeneration.electricityandashiftfromregulatedABEEólicaalsolaunchedastudyauctionstowardsresilientcorporateoutliningthepathwaysforoffshorewindPPAs.GWECandABEEólicaexpectvaluechaindevelopment.Itisexpectedannualadditionsof3GWforonshorewindthatoffshorewindlegislationwillbe19GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027publishedbyNovember2023tofacilitateWorkforceTrainingNeedsFigure12-OnshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&IandO&Mininvestment.State-ownedenergygiant,BrazilPetrobrashasalreadypublishedplansTheC&IandO&MworkforceinBraziltodevelopoffshorewindprojectswithisexpectedtodeclinein2022andPeopleMWatotalcapacityofupto23GW.Ithas2023,drivenbyweakeningonshore4,500submittedlicensingrequestsfor10windconstructionactivityin202316,0004,000areasandisexploringupto14.5GWand2024.Thefiguresareforecasted3,500ofpartnershipprojectswithEquinor.tostartgrowingin2024towardsa14,0004,0653,000trainedworkforceof14,400people12,0002,500Forthefirstoffshorewindtenderin2026,asonshoreinstallationspick10,0003,8002,000expectedin2023,investorshaveupagainin2025andcompanies1,500showngreaterappetitewithtensofprepareforthefirstoffshoreproject8,0003,2001,000projectapplicationstotalling170GWscheduledforcommissioningin2028.500alreadyfiledwiththeBrazilianInstitute3,0003,0003,0000oftheEnvironmentandRenewableNaturalResources(IBAMA).6,00015,04713,3114,0002,00012,39312,06412,30812,010ABEEólicasupportsanindustrialpolicy020232024202520262027focusingonthesynergiesbetween2022greenhydrogenandwindenergyandexpectstoengagepositivelywiththeForecastWorkforceNeedsWindAddition(MW)Braziliangovernmenttofast-trackitsprogress.However,thechallengeforSource:GWO,GWEC2023thefutureistoconsolidatepoliciesandestablishastrongregulatoryframeworkforoffshorewindandgreenhydrogeninordertoprovidetheappropriateecosystemforindustrytoinvest.ThisuniqueBrazilianwindgrowthwouldrequireagoodnumberofwindworkforceadditionwithoffshorewindtraining.20GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Chinacontinuestobeworld’slargestadding33GWofnewgridconnectedleadingwindmarketin2022withatotalonshorewind(mechanicalinstallationChina(Mainland)of334GWonshorewindand32GWof45GW)and5GWofnewoffshoreoffshorewindinstalledcapacity.Followingwindcapacity.ThisyearalsosawNEAonits‘30-60’pledge3andtargettoapprove11GWonshorewindcapacityincreasetheshareofnon-fossilfuelsinunderthe‘gridparity’mechanism,whichprimaryenergyconsumptiontoaroundisone-fifthofthevolumereportedfor25%,Chinamadeitscommitmentto2021.Buildingonthemorethan80GWfurtherexpandingtheroleofrenewablesofwindturbineordersalreadyawardedinitsenergymixtomorethan80%ofin2022,provincialChinesegovernmentstotalnewelectricityconsumptionbyannouncedafurther50GWofonshoretheendofthe14thFive-YearPeriodwindcapacitytobedeliveredunderthe(2021–2025).China’sNationalEnergygrid-paritypipelinebyJanuary2023.Administration(NEA)predictedthatgenerationfromwindandsolarpowerProvinciallevelfinancialsupportforwoulddoublefrom2020levelsby2025.offshorewindattheisstillavailableinTosupportthiscommitmentmeansGuangdong,JiangsuandShandongaround250–300GWofwindpowerhoweverthisismuchlowerthanthecapacityadditionfrom2021-2025.FiTpreviouslyofferedbythecentralgovernment.ProgressshowsthatSinceJanuary2022,Chinahasshiftedsixprovincesalmostcompletedtheirfromasubsidydrivenfeed-intariff(FiT)offshorewinddevelopmentplansforthemodeltoa‘gridparity’mechanism.This14thfive-yearplanperiod,NEAreviewedmeanselectricitygeneratedfromwindandapproved30GWofnearshorewindandrenewableprojectswillreceivetheand35GWofoffshorewindcapacitybysameremunerationasthatfromcoalfiredJune2023,morecapacityisexpectedtopowerplants.While2022wasadifficultbeapprovedbyanotherfourprovinces,year,withstrictCOVID-19restrictionsandaGWfloatingoffshorewindfarmandtheimpactofasudden‘reopening’ofisplannedby2027inadditiontothecountry,theresilienceoftheChinesefloatingwinddemonstrationprojects.windindustrywasdemonstratedbyitChinaisoneoftheleadersinwindturbine3Peakingcarbondioxideemissionsby2030technologyandhastheworld’slargestandachievingcarbonneutralityby2060.21GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027windsupplychain.Itaccountsfor60-139GWofnewoffshorewindcapacityFigure13-OnshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&IandO&Min70%oftheglobalmarketshareofwindwillbebuiltinthecomingdecade.Chinaturbinenacellesandkeycomponentsproduction,withmorethan15windWorkforceTrainingNeedsPeople60,00060,00060,00060,00060,000MWturbinemanufacturersactiveinChina270,00070,000andtheconstructionofseveral10GWThenumberofGWOcertifiedtraining265,00060,000offshorewindbasesanticipatedoffthecentresestablishedinChinaincreasedeasterncoast.Moreover,theChinesefromsixin2018to22in2022.However,260,000266,595262,70750,000windindustryreleasedaninitiativeduringtheimpactoflowerfinancialsupport255,00040,000GlobalOffshoreWindSummit-ChinacombinedwithCOVID-19restrictions255,5682022(co-organisedbyGWEC)thatcallshadasevereimpactonconstructionfor100GWofoffshorewindinChinabyactivity,especiallyoffshore,andhence250,00032,579248,350249,31530,0002025;200GWby2030and1,000GWbyondemandfortraining.Asaresult,the245,00015,00015,00020,0002050.Ifrealised,thistargetwouldfurthernumberofwindtechniciansholdingadrivedemandforatrainedworkforce.validBSTcertificatedecreaseddrastically240,000242,27212,00014,000from3,360attheendof2021to2,600235,0005,052Consideringtheabovefactors,GWECattheendof2022.Thetotalnumber8,000MarketIntelligencehasupgradedoftechniciansisexpectedtogrowChina’sonshorewindinstallationsonlymarginallyfrom242,300in202210,000forecastandnowpredicts300GWto249,300peoplein2027asonshoreofnewwindcapacitytobeaddedandoffshorecapacitygrowthremains230,0000tothegridinthenextfiveyear.Thisstablewhileturbineratingsincrease.2027equatestoannualinstallationsof70-2022202320242025202680GWfortherestofthisdecadeandForecastWorkforceNeedsOffshoreWindAdditions(MW)OnshoreWindAdditions(MW)Source:GWO,GWEC202322GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027AtCOP26,Colombiareiteratedthecapacity(includes350MWoffshorecountry’scommitmenttoreducingwind)inMarch2023underMiningandColombiagreenhousegasemissionsby51%bytheEnergyPlanningUnitUPME’sREpoweryear2030from2014levels,andtoreachprocurementtenderingprocess.Withnetzeroby2050.Itselectricitymixis30MWnewonshorewindinstallationhighlydependentonhydropowerthathasin2022,GWEC’sWindMarketOutlookbeennegativelyimpactedbylowrainfallforecaststhataround2.2GWonshoreperiodssince2018.Securityofsupplywindcouldbeaddedfrom2023-2027.hasbecomeagrowingissue.Itseemstimelyforthecountry’slargerregionsInMay2023,thegovernmentlaunchedwithuntappedonshoreandoffshorewindafinaloffshorewinddevelopmentpotentialbedevelopedtomeetpowerroadmap,whichidentifiesthepotentialofdemandandhelpreachclimategoals.morethan50GWandtargetsbetween3GWand9GWofinstalledcapacityinaPost-Covid,arecoveryplan,‘Commitmenthigh-casescenariobetween2030andtotheFutureofColombia’coveredfive2050offthecountry’sAtlanticcoast.windpowerprojectsforfunding.ThisColombiaisalsoamembercountryofinvestmentismorethanone-thirdofGlobalOffshoreWindAlliance(GOWA)4.thetotalUSD3.1millionassignedforelectricityprojectsandisexpectedtoColombia’sMinistryofMinesandgeneratearound4,300localjobstoEnergyannouncedthatrulesforafirstsupportColombia’sgreenrecovery.competitiveoffshorewindtenderroundintheAtlanticareawouldbeenactedinAsenseofpromisefortheColombianthesecondhalfof2023,takinganearlywindindustryhasbeencreatedfromleadasafirstmoverinLatinAmericaandtheaggregationofthefollowingtheCaribbean.Apipelineof11projectsinitiatives.First,theannouncementofanewenergytransitionlawinmid-4GOWAisfoundedbythegovernmentofDenmark,2021legislatingpowergenerationfromIRENAandGWECinSeptember2022todrivethenon-conventionalrenewableenergyuptakeofoffshorewindthroughpoliticalmobilisationsources(NCRS).Secondly,progressonandthecreationofaglobalcommunityofpracticethedevelopmentoftheLaGuajirawindwithaninitialaimtocontributetoachievingatotalfarmandlastly,theawardof1.2GWwindglobaloffshorewindcapacityofatleast380GWby2030,and2,000GWby2050,with35GWbeingdeployedonaverageeachyearthroughthe2020sandaminimumof70GWannuallyfrom2030.23GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027oftotal5GWcapacityhasalreadybeenfrom2024and2027willdrivedemandregisteredbydeveloperswiththeenergyforwindworkforceinColombia,withplanningbodyUPME.Thegovernmentapeakindemandin2024fallinghasregulatedtheprocedureforthesitethroughouttherestoftheoutlook.allocationthroughResolution40284of2022.FurtherregulatoryactivityisFigure14-OnshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&IandO&MinexpectedintheshortandmediumtermColombiatostreamlinethepermittingprocess.PeopleColombia’smixofonshore,offshorewindandothermaturerenewableenergy2,000800MWtechnologieswillallowforadiversified900andreliablerenewableenergymix.1,800800However,toscaleupwinddeployment,700theColombianGovernmentmustidentify1,600600600solutionsthatincreasesocialacceptance,1,345500expandgridinfrastructure,improveport1,4002025500400readiness,driveworkforcedevelopment300300andestablishsupplychainavailability.1,2001,7152001,000100WorkforceTrainingNeeds0800-100Bytheendof2022,onlytenpeople1,489hadreceivedtrainingthroughthesingletrainingfacilityestablishedinColombia600since2021.Trainingstartedtoaccelerateduring2023afteranewtrainingcentre40030938wasestablishedinDecember2022.694ThetotalworkforceneededtobuildandmaintainwindcapacityinColombia20050willgrowfrom160peoplein2022to2023700in2027.Constructionofnewwind0157assetsslatedforcommercialoperations2022202420262027ForecastWorkforceNeedsWindAddi�ons(MW)Source:GWO,GWEC202324GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027EgyptbecameoneofthepioneeringGWECforecasts4.3GWonshorewindcountriesforwindenergyinAfricacapacitywillbeaddedby2026,iftheEgyptandtheMiddleEastin1988whenthepipelinegoasexpected.From2027,thegovernment’sNew&RenewableEnergyseveralprojectscoveredbyMemorandumAuthoritybuiltapilotwindenergyprojectofUnderstandings(MoUs)betweeninHurghada.FollowingtwodecadesindustryandtheEgyptianGovernmentofmodestwindandrenewableenergycouldaddanestimated1GWperyear,targets,todayEgyptispoisedtoregainculminatinginmorethan8GWofinstalleditsstatusasaleadingwindenergywindcapacityby2030.GWECiscurrentlymarketthroughitsnumberofGW-leadingtheestablishmentofEgypt’sscaleprojectsannouncementsonthefirstwindenergyassociationtosupportsidelinesofactingashosttoCOP27.theambitiousgrowththatisplanned.Egyptaimstohavethe42%renewableTodiversifyitsenergymix,Egypt,energyby2035withsupportofGreenendowedwiththeMediterraneanandCorridorInitiative.ThisfeaturesprojectsRedSeacoasts,hasembarkedonsuchastwo10GWonshorewindambitiousplanstoexploreoffshorefarmsplannedbyMasdarandACWAwind.ItsgovernmenthasalsosignedPower.ThereareothermultiGW-scalecountlessMoUswithseverallocalprojectsinearlystagesofdevelopmentandglobalcompaniesforinitiatingandiftheprojectsareconstructed,studiesrelatedtogreenhydrogentheywillpropelthecountry’swindprojects.ItalsosignedanMOUwithenergyindustryintotheupperechelontheEuropeanCommissioninNovemberofemergingmarketsworldwide.2022establishingalong-termstrategicpartnershiptocollaboratebroadlyonEgypt’scurrentinstalledwindcapacityfutureEUimportsofrenewablehydrogensitsat1.7GWfollowinggridconnectionanditsderivatives.ThisgrowthcertainlyofLekelaPower’s252MWWestBakrsetsagreatopportunityforwindwindfarm.Thiswillriseby1.6GWoncedeploymentjobscreationwithinEgypt.theAMEAPowerled,500MWAmunetproject,Engieled500MWGulfofSuez2andACWAPower’s1.1GWwindfarm,Africa’slargest,arecompleted.25GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027WorkforceTrainingNeedsFigure15-OnshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&IandO&MinEgyptSince2021,whenGWOtrainingwasfirstmadeavailableinEgypt,twotrainingPeopleMWcentreshavetrained246people.1,200Resumedwindconstructionactivitywill3,5001,000increaseworkforcedemandandbringnewtrainingopportunities.Asnewly1,000installedwindcapacityinEgyptgrowsfrom0MWin2023to1GWin2027,the3,000900850windworkforceneededtobuilditand2,748maintainisexpectedtotriplefrom1,0002,500800to3,000peopleduringthesameperiod.2,0002,3955502,4151,5006003,0172502,2804001,0001,043200500000202220272023202420252026ForecastWorkforceNeedsWindAdditions(MW)Source:GWO,GWEC202326GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027IndiahaslongbeenthefourthleadingHarnessingthemaximumwindpotentialwindmarketintheworld.WithmoreisimportantforIndiatoserveround-Indiathan44GWofonshorewindinstalledthe-clock,peakpowerdemandandcapacityasofAugust2023,itplaysaensuregridstability.Toacceleratewindcrucialroleindeterminingthepaceofgrowth,India’sonshorewindmarkettheenergytransitioninwiderAsia.Ithasrecentlyshiftedfromane-reversealreadyachievedits40%non-fossilfuelsauctionmechanismtonewenablers.targetwellbeforethe2030deadline.Amongthesearefirst;atargetfor10GWannualonshorewindauctionsWithgrowingenergyneeds,thecountryfrom2023-2027throughasingle-stage,hasraiseditsclimatecommitments.two-envelopebidsystem.Second,Thisincludes;installing500GWwind-specificRenewablesPurchaserenewablescapacityby2030(whichObligation(RPO)implementationfromincludes140GWwind),reducingthe2023to2030.Third,awaiverofInter-emissionsintensityofitsGDPby45%StateTransmissionSystem(ISTS)by2030,andreachingnetzerobychargesuptoJune2025foronshore2070.Ambitiously,Indiaaspirestobewindandupto2032foroffshorewindadevelopedeconomyby2047with(withgradedchargesbetween2033anaimofgrowingmanufacturingGDPto2037).Fourth,transmissionplanning15-foldbetween2021and2047.tointegrate58GWwindcapacityby2030(includes10GWoffshoreinTamilIndiacommissioned1.84GWofnewwindNaduandGujarat)aswellasotherpowercapacityin2022,continuingthestateandcentralpolicyincentivesfortrendforrecoveringinstallationratescommercial,industrialandgreenopenandresolvingchallengesaroundprojectaccesswindpowerprocurement.cancellationscausedbyhighinflation,post-COVIDgapsingridavailabilityandThegovernmenthasalsoannouncedtimelineextensionsincommissioninganauctiontrajectoryfor37GWoffshoredates.GWECforecaststhecountry’swindcapacityfrom2023-2030.Afteronshorewindmarketwillcontinuetoseveralstakeholderconsultationsonrecoverandinstalltotal21GWofonshorethedraftoffshorewindseabedtenderwindcapacityinnextfiveyears.forTamilNadu,theMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergypublished(inAugust2023)theStrategyforEstablishmentof27GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027OffshoreWindEnergyProjects(Revisionallocation,increasedturbinepricesperiod.Thiswillhaveamarginalbut1,depictinga37GWauctiontrajectoryduetocommoditypriceinflation,positiveimpactonworkforcevolumesunderthreeModelsA,B,andC).Thisexpensivefinancesandhigherdebt(700people)bytheendof2027.wasfollowedbytwocallsforproposalsrates.Fasterprogressthrough‘statetoconductoffshorewindstudies/centralsocialcommunity’coordinationFigure16-Onshore/OffshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&Iandsurveys.First,oneforthecountry’sandrobustpolicy,regulationsandO&MinIndiaExclusiveEconomicZone(EEZ)andstandardswillbeneededtoachievethesecondforproposedzonesinTamil30GWoffshorewindtargetby2030.People1,8473,4004,2004,5004,7004,500MWNadu(asperStrategy)withanaimTohelptrainaqualitywindworkforce29,00027,33028,17928,21328,08428,3505,000toholdthefirstseabedleasetendertrainingproviders,suchasthenodal28,50004,000forTamilNaduby2023.ViabilityGapagency,NationalInstituteofWind28,00026,1520002003,000Funding(VGP)fortheinitialfewGWsEnergy,operatestheVayumitraSkill27,500202320242025202620272,000ofoffshorewindisexpectedfromtheDevelopmentPrograminninewindy27,00020221,000IndianGovernmentfortheGujaratsites.Indianstateswithonshoreinstallations.26,5000Theavailabilityofaskilledoffshore26,000-1,000Asthesecondlargest,AsiaPacifichubwindworkforceisatanascentstage.25,500forturbineassemblyandkeycomponents25,000production,IndiaisstrategicallyseenWorkforceTrainingNeedsaswellplacedforwindmanufacturing,ForecastWorkforceNeedsOffshoreWindAdditions(MW)globalexportsandan‘ChinaplusThenumberofGWOtrainedpeopleinSource:GWO,GWECO20n2s3horeWindAdditions(MW)one’approach.GovernmentsupportIndiahasgrownsteadilyfrom2,000fordomesticmanufacturingincludesin2018to8,200in2022.Asthewindencouragingmanufacturingofvariousmarketrecoveredfromthe1.1GWdipinoffshorewindinstallationvesselswhere2020,theC&IandO&MworkforceinasubsidywillbeprovidedundertheIndiaisestimatedtohavegrownfrom‘ShipbuildingFinancialAssistancePolicy’23,500in2020to26,200in2020andunderthelabelof‘SpecialisedVessels’.isexpectedtoexpandfurtherto28,400in2027fuelledbyincreasingcapacityToincreasetheannualwindinstallationadditions.Withthefirstcommercialrateapersistentsetofonshorewindscaleoffshorewindfarmexpectedtoberelatedissuesneedtoberesolved.commissionedin2028,offshorewindTheseissuesincluderightofway,PPAwillstartcontributingtowindpowersanctityanddelayedpayments,landgrowthinIndiaattheendoftheoutlook28GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Japanhasthesixth-longestcoastlineFollowingthe2021Round1FixedBottomintheworldwithmassiveuncapturedOffshoreWindTender,JapanlaunchedJapanoffshorewindpotentialespeciallyfloatingRound2ofpublictendersforoffshorewind,however,itsoffshorewindtargetswinddevelopmentinterritorialwatersare10GWby2030and30-45GWby(fourpromotionzonesofmorethan2040,sothatwindenergymeetsonly1.8GWcapacity)underthe‘Promotionof5%oftheenergymixby2030.TheUseofMarineAreasforDevelopmentofcountryhaspledgedtoreachnetzeroMarineRenewableEnergyGenerationby2050withaninterimgoalofreducingFacilitiesAct’.RevisionsintheRoundgreenhousegasemissionsby46%2tenderguidelinesincludedacaponcomparedto2013levelsby2030.maximumcapacitytobeallottedtoacompany;thereplacementoftheFiTTotalwindinstalledcapacityforJapanwithanewfeed-inpremium;variousstandsat4.6GWforonshorewindandevaluationmethodsforprojectfeasibility136MWforoffshorewind,bytheendofandspeedfactorfortimelydelivery.An2022.Thisincludes143MWonshorewindunknownnumberofbidsweresubmittedand84MWoffshorewindcapacityoutforthistenderbyJune2023.Bidsareof140MWAkitaNoshiroPortoffshoreexpectedtobeawardedassoonaswindfarm.DespiteAkitaNoshiroPortDecember2023orMarch2024.windfarmturbinesbeinginstalledbyDecember2022,itonlybecamefullyLookingatJapan’scurrenttenderprocessoperationalinearly2023.Consideringandindustryfeedbackontheprocess,bidthewindmarketdynamicsinJapan,allocationalongwithsiteidentification,GWECforecasts3.8GWonshorewindpermittingandconsentingprocessesand0.9GWoffshorewindtobeaddedneedtoberobustandstreamlinedforinthenextfiveyears,leavingabiggapmarketacceleration.Theremayalsobetoitstargetof10GWoffshorewindofftakerriskastheFiPrequiresbiddersinstallationby2030.GWECanalysistoarrangetheirownPPAs;FiPpriceshowsthattoachieveits2040offshoreisanothercriteriatobeaddressed.windtargets,annualtenderallocationhastorisefromanaverageof1GWThe5MWGotofloatingproject,inplacetomorethan4GWfrom2026.since2019,givesJapananidealpositiontostrengthenitsregionalfootprintasthe29GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027onlyEastAsian(andoneoftheworld’sandrobustframeworkasfundamentalWorkforceTrainingNeedsJapanisexpectedtomorethandoubletopfivecountry)fortotalfloatingwindtothelong-termsuccessofJapan’sfrom2,400in2022to5,100in2027.installations.TheJapanesegovernmentoffshorewindindustrialisationstrategy.TheGWOtrainedworkforceinJapanThisgrowthwillbefuelledbytherapidlyisproactivelyexploringthepossibilityincreasedfrom60peoplein2018toemergingoffshorewindmarket.GWOofdevelopingoffshorewindwithinitsNotably,fortrainingoffshorewind1,600in2022.Thesupplyofstandardestimatesthatby2027theC&IandO&MExclusiveEconomicZone(EEZ)andtoworkforceinJapan,theJapanesewindindustrytraininginJapanhastrainedworkforcecouldbeexpandedunlocktheindustrialisationopportunityshippingclassificationsociety,ClassNKgrownfromonetrainingcentreactiveby3,900peopleinadditiontothe1,600offeredbyfloatingoffshorewindbysignedamemorandumofunderstandingin2018tofivein2023,thusexpandingalreadyactive,asoftheendof2021.institutinglawsandregulationsforwithMaerskTrainingA/SinOctober2022theportfoliooftrainingstandards.Theoffshorewinddeploymentasperitstotrainoffshorewindfarmoperators.numberofC&IandO&Mtechniciansinadopted,4thBasicPlanonOceanPolicy.MaerskTrainingisalsocollaboratingwithGiraffeWork,toopenacentreFigure17-Onshore/OffshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&IProgresstofurtherincreasethefloatingcalled‘GiraffeWorkpoweredbyMaerskandO&MinJapanwindmomentumhascomefrombothTraining’foroffshorewindcourses.ThistheJapanesegovernment(METI)andisexpectedtoopeninKawasakiin2024.PeopleMWindustry.Thisincludes,firsttheBasic6,000PlanfortheGreenTransformationPolicyWithastrongrequirementforlocal9009001,000(a10-yeardecarbonisationroadmap)contentandalonghistoryofheavy5,000whichcoversgridandinfrastructureindustrymanufacturingcapabilityand800800facilitationforfloatingoffshorewindexpertiseinwind,Japanfurtheraimsuptake;secondlyaJPY85billiontoestablishamanufacturingbasefor800(USD58million)subsidyfortwolarge-offshorewindthroughits‘ProgramscalefloatingdemonstrationprojectforPromotingInvestmentinJapanto4,000tendersbyMarch2024.LastlytheStrengthenSupplyChains’initiative.600Public-PrivateDialogueCouncilformedThecountryisalsoexploringtheaFloatingOffshoreWindIndustryproductionandexportofhydrogen3,000400StrategyWorkingGroupinJune2023andtheestablishmentofinternational2,000withthegoalofintroducingaseparatesupplychains,withaparticularfocuson1,0004,8565,113400floatingoffshorewindtargetandthetransportsector.JapantogetherdevelopinganindustrialisationplantowithAustraliaandSouthKoreahas02,4243,4253,6233,975deliverthetargetbytheendof2023.agreementsinplacetobeginestablishing149GWECadvocatesforsettingambitiousaninternationalhydrogensupplychain.356floatingtargetssupportedbyaclear2208020017517084202220232024202520262027ForecastWorkforceNeedsOffshoreWindAdditions(MW)OnshoreWindAdditions(MW)Source:GWO,GWEC202330GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Kenyaseta100%renewablepowerunderdevelopmentarelocatedintargetby2030atCOP26andcommittedKajiadocounty.SeveralproposalstoKenyatofuellingthegreenindustriesofthedevelopoffshorewindfarminMalindifutureby2040atthelaunchofthelastyearwererejectedbytheKenyan‘AcceleratedPartnershipforRenewablesGovernmentduetoinsufficientdemandinAfrica’inNairobi.Inlate2023.Withtoutilisetheproposedcapacity.thesegoals,thecountryisstridingtowardsincreasingitsenergyaccessRecentKenyanGovernmentfacilitationlevelsandbecomingarenewableofwinddevelopmentincludesreleasingenergyleaderonthecontinent.the2021-2030LCPDP(a10-yearLeastCostPowerDevelopmentPlan)toAccordingtotheEnergyandPetroleumaddresstherequirementsarisingfromtheRegulatoryAuthority(EPRA),73%ofrecommendationsmadeby‘TaskforceKenyaexperiences6m/swindspeedstoreviewPowerPurchaseAgreements’orhigherat100mheight.Ofthis,28,228andtheenactmentofthe2019Energysq.kmexperienceswindspeedsofAct.Afewofthehighlightsarticulatedinbetween7.5–8.5m/sand2825sq.kmthisplaninclude;recoveryofthepowerexperienceswindspeedsofbetweensectorfromCOVID-19,enhancementof8.5–9.5m/s.Kenyahasinstalled440MWrenewableenergytechnologyintegration,onshorewindcapacityby2022withfocusonemergingtechnologies,andFiTpolicysupportsince2008.TheinvestmentinprimarydatasuchaswindLakeTurkanaWindPowerprojectofandsolarinsolationmappingnecessary310MWcapacityisthebiggestwindforattractingqualitydevelopers.powerplantinsub-SaharanAfricaanditslargestpublic-privateinvestment.GWECTomakethewindandsolardeploymentforecasts550MWadditionalonshoremorecompetitiveandsupportthewindcapacityinthenextfiveyears.country’snascentrenewableenergysources,in2021theMinistryofEnergyAswellasLakeTurkana,onshoreofKenyaissuedtheFiTPolicy2021windpotentialisavailableinpartsofonRenewableEnergyResourceMarsabit,Samburu,Laikipia,Meru,NyeriGeneratedElectricity(Small-Hydro,andNyandaruaandKajiadocounties.BiomassandBiogas)andtheRenewableThemajorityoftheprojectscurrentlyEnergyAuctionsPolicy2021.31GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027TheAuctionsPolicyallowsEPRAtorunWorkforceTrainingNeedsacompetitiveprocessbeforeawardingagenerationlicenceundertheEnergyNoGWOcertifiedtrainingcentresAct,2019.The2021FiTPolicy,arevisionhavebeenestablishedinKenyatoofthe2012FiTPolicy(inabidtoaligndate.However,theexpectedtriplingwiththeEnergyAct,2019)mandatesofthenumberofpeopleneededthatallrenewableenergyprojectslargertobuildandmaintainwindassetsthan20MWwillbeprocuredundertheinKenyafrom2022to2027posesAuctionsPolicyratherthantheFiTPolicy.newopportunitiesfortrainingthecountry’sgrowingwindworkforce.PermittingissuesinKenya,suchasFigure18-OnshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&IandO&Minacquiringland,canbelaborious;asKenyapermittingprocessingisunder-resourced,suchastheNationalLandsCommissionPeopleMWinLamuCounty.Thereisaneedto800250harnesswindandotherrenewableenergy700potentialavailableinthecountryto600200200200meettheclimatetargetstimely.Withthe500674516benefitsofproperpowerdemand/supply400586574150management,long-termelectricitymix3005020252026planning,suitablepolicyandregulatory200297100frameworks,socialawarenesscampaigns10002024100andgridevacuationinfrastructure0inplaceKenyacanleadinthelong-202350termclimategoalmitigationandjobcreationstoryinsub-SaharanAfrica.002052022-502027Source:GWO,GWEC2023ForecastWorkforceNeedsWindAdditions(MW)32GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027SouthKoreaisoneoftheworld’smostcapacityof277GWand6.7GWofpromisingpotentialmarketforoffshorefloatingoffshorewindprojects(underSouthKoreawind.Withanaimtoachievecarbonpermittingprocess)givesSouthneutralityby2050,KoreahassetaKoreaoneofthebiggestfloating14.2GWoffshorewindtargetby2030offshorewindpipelinesintheworld.underits10thBasicPlan,releasedinDecember2022.Thecountry’sexistingSouthKorea’stotaloffshorewindcapacitymanufacturingcompetitivenesshasalso(thosewithelectricbusinesslicensesbeenapositiveincentiveforestablishing(EBL)grants)reachedanimpressivearesilientoffshorewindsupplychain,20.8GWasofDecember2022.However,asevidencedbyrecentsignificanttheseprojectsfacedbottlenecksfromainvestmentsfromVestas(USD300lengthybureaucratic/permittingprocessmillion)andCIP(USD350million)in2023.(underanopen-doorapproach),lackofpolicysupportandregulatoryclarity.ForThe10thBasicPlan,includeswindenergyexample,the‘one-stop-shop’offshoreincreasingfrom2%to34%withinawindbillwhichwasduetointroducea30%renewablestargetby2036.Thisdual-tracksystemhas(asofJuly2023)suggests34GWwindinstalledcapacitybeenpendingformorethantwoyears.by2036.However,GWECMarketIntelligenceforecasts1GWonshorewindTofullyrealizeSouthKorea’soffshoreand2.3GWoffshorewindtobeaddedwindpotentialandaccelerateinnextfiveyears.Thenewonshoreanddeployment,theSouthKoreanoffshorewindinstalledcapacityin2022governmenthaspushedforavarietystandat96MWand0MW,respectively,ofreforms.First,theintroductionofoutoftotalinstalled1.7GWonshoreagovernment-ledsiteselectionandwindand142MWoffshorewind.auctionstoeasethecostlyandlengthyEBL-basedprojectpermittingprocessIntermsoffloatingoffshorewind,bywhichinvolves29licensesfromdifferenttheendof2030,SouthKoreaislikelyministries.Second,focusingoncapacitytoreplaceJapaninthetop-fivecountrybuildingandawarenessraisinginitiativesgrouping.Thecountry’sstaggeringtostreamlinethelicensingprocess.floatingoffshorewindpowerpotentialThird,assessingandcommunicatingsocio-economiceffectsthroughwider33GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027stakeholders’engagementtoresolveinstallandmaintainassetsgrowingfromfishermenconflicts.Last,effectivepolicy400in2023to1,600in2027.Thetotalsupport,activelydevelopingitsportandnumberofC&IandO&Mtechniciansinfrastructurewithrobustsupplychain.inSouthKoreaisexpectedtoreachAlong-termwindtargetbeyond20302,500peoplein2027drivenbythewouldalsoprovideaboosttothesector.buildoutofnewoffshorewindassets.WiththeseonshoreandoffshoreFigure19-Onshore/OffshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&Idevelopments,demandforqualifiedandO&MinSouthKoreaserviceandmaintenancepersonnelforwindfarmsisgrowinginthecountry.ThePeople1,000MWmovetoaddressthiswaybeganback3,0002,4501,200inJuly2013,whenBZEEofGermany2001,000signedacooperationagreementwith2,500800thevocationaltrainingcollege,Korea2027600PolytechnicIIIbasedinChuncheonCity.2,0001,2171,4431,7112,0792,2444001,50096200200400695200WorkforceTrainingNeeds1,00020004200-200Withonly454peoplewithavalid500BSTcertificateasoftheendof2022,trainingprovidersandeducatorscould02023202420252026trainanadditional2,000peopleinthe0nextfiveyears.Onshorewindcapacityadditionswillaverage200MWannually2022from2023to2027.Asaresult,theworkforceneededtoinstallandmaintainForecastWorkforceNeedsOffshoreWindAdditions(MW)theonshorewindfleetwillremainstableOnshoreWindAdditions(MW)ataround800peopleduringthesameperiod.With2.3GWcomingonlinefromSource:GWO,GWEC20232023to2027,offshorewindwilldriveworkforceadditions,withasurgeinthetotalnumberoftechniciansneededto34GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Asoneoftheworld’sleadingwindwindcomponentsandanextensionmarkets,theUSAhadatotalinstalledoftheinvestmenttaxcreditforvesselUSAcapacityof144GWofonshorewindandconstruction,andfinally;offshorewind42MWofoffshorewind,bytheendofdevelopmentinthesouthernAtlantic2022.ThiswasthelowestyearsincecoastandtheeasternGulfofMexico.2018intermsofnewinstallationwithonly8.6GWofnewonshorewindandzeroCollectively,13GWofoffshorewindoffshorewindcapacitycommissioned.capacitywasallocatedthroughtheDespitetheone-yearProductionTaxNewYorkBight,CarolinaLongBay,andCreditextensionforonshorewindCalifornialease(floating)salesin2022.projectstobecommissionedbyendofThefirstutility-scaleoffshorewindproject2022(announcedin2021),morethanisexpectedtobepartiallyconnectedin10GWofonshorewindcapacityfaced2023.GWECMarketIntelligenceQ12023delaysduetosupplychainconstraints,outlookforecasts54GWofonshorewindgridinterconnectionissues,andand15GWofoffshorewindcapacitytobedevelopersawaitingfullclarityontheaddedinthenextfiveyears.Thefive-yearInflationReductionAct(IRA)rules.growthwouldmaketheUSAthethirdlargestoffshorewindmarket(afterChinaTheUSonshorewindmarkethasandtheUK)intermsofnewadditions.historicallybeentaxcreditdriven.ThisisdependentonthetimelysupplyWiththeIRA,signedintolawbythechainbeingestablishedtoaddresstheBidenadministrationinAugust2022,growthfromtheeastcoastoftheUSA.GWECexpectstheUSAmarkettoacceleratesharplynowasitisfullyMoreoffshorewindcapacitycouldbeunderstoodbyinvestors.Theimpressiveaddedin2028–2032primarilydrivenIRApackageprioritisesoffshorebytechnologyneutraltaxcreditsandwindplanningandpermittingreformafederaltargetof30GWby2030legislation,manufacturing,andclean(tobelargelymetusingbottomfixedjobcreationinfourways.First,taxtechnology).Thereisalsoa15GWfloatingincentivesforwindprojectsupto2032;offshorewindtargetby2035andasecondly$100millionforoffshorewindvisiontodeliver110GWby2050.Thistransmissionplanning;thirdlydomesticfinaltargetedvolumeincludespolicymanufacturingtaxcreditforoffshorecommitments(includingfloatingwind)35GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027fromseveneasternstatesfor42.7GWWorkforceTrainingNeedsby2040.Additionally,withoffshorewindprojectpipelinesatover50GWwith32TheworkforcetrainedinGWOstandardsleasesinactivedevelopment,theBureauintheUSAincreasedfrom1,800in2018ofOceanEnergyManagement(BOEM)toanexpectedfigureof11,900attheintendstoconductleaseauctionsintheendof2027whilethenetworkoflocalGulfofMexico(2023),centralAtlantictrainingprovidersisexpectedtogrowcoast(2023),Oregon(2023)andthefromsixtrainingcentresto39duringGulfofMaine(2024)aspartofthePaththesameperiod.ThetotalC&IandO&MForwardinitiative.BOEMwillalsoreviewtechniciansisestimatedat77,500peopleatleast16constructionandoperationsby2027,thatistrainingprovidersandplansby2025worthmorethan27GW.educatorswilltrainanadditional65,600workforceduringthenextfiveyears.TofullycapitaliseonwindgrowthandleverageIRAbenefits,theUSAwillFigure20-Onshore/OffshoreWindAdditionsandtheForecastWorkforceNeedsforC&Ineedtoresolveanumberofchallenges.andO&MintheUSATheseincludegridaccessissues(whichoftenstemfromcoordinationPeopleMWandplanningchallengesbetween16,000regionaltransmissionorganisations90,00015,00014,000andindependentsystemoperators);investmentsinportupgradesacross80,00013,000thecountry;andtrainedandqualifiedworkerstomanufacture,construct,70,00010,00012,000operate,andmaintainwindturbines10,000forthegrowingonshoreandoffshore60,0008,6129,000windsectors.Notably,theUSAhasan50,000‘OffshoreWindWorkforceEducationand8,000TrainingDatabase’toincreaseoffshorewindtrainingopportunitiesand‘Wind40,00060,16959,56963,30668,73372,18677,4938,000EnergyTechnologiesOffice’toaddress30,0002,3353,5354,5006,000thewindindustry’sworkforceneeds4,000throughvarioustargetedinvestments.20,00005339552,00010,00020222023202400202520262027ForecastWorkforceNeedsOffshoreWindAdditions(MW)OnshoreWindAdditions(MW)Source:GWO,GWEC202336GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Chapter6:Methodology:TheGWOWindWorkforceForecastingModel37GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Attheendof2022,theGWO-installation(C&I)andoperationandConstructionandInstallationdevelopedarebelow10turbines,wetrainedworkforce(thenumberofmaintenance(O&M)workforce.(Onshore&Offshore)estimatedthattheconstructionandindividualswithavalidGWOBSTinstallationofatypicalonshorewindcertificate)numbered145,000WorkforceGWO’smodelconsidersavailabledatafarmwillrequire12people/turbine.whoreceivedtrainingatcentresonprojectconstructiontoestimateain52countries.Nonetheless,theGWO’sworkforceforecastingmodeltypicalpeople/turbineratioforplantGiventhatthemodelaimsaimstoworkforceinscopeforGWOtrainingbuildsprojectionsforthenumberofcommissioning.Then,itcombinesunderstandtheworkforcetrainablebyismuchlargerandisgrowingrapidlytechniciansneededtosupportglobalhistoricalandforecastwindcapacityGWOtrainingproviders,theforecastalongsidewindinstallations.windmarketgrowth.FourdifferentadditionswithannualgainsinturbineofthetotaladdressableworkforceforformulasareutilisedtoestimatewindratingtoestimatethenumberofwindonshoreC&Iincludes70%oftheturbinesSince2020,GWOandGWEChaveworkforcegrowth.Eachformulaisturbinesinstalledeachyear.Bymultiplyingforecastedfortheyearaheadand30%ofworkedtogethertoproducetheGlobalcalculatedseparatelytoaccountforthenumberofturbinesinstalledeachyeartheturbinesforecastedfortheyearunderWindWorkforceOutlook.Thisreportisdifferencesintheavailableinputdataandwiththepeople/turbineratiothemodelstudy.Forexample,if10turbineswerebasedonamodeldevelopedbyGWOtoreflectthedynamicsinherentineachcalculatesthenumberoftechnicianstobeaddedin2022andanother20inthatestimatesthevolumeofpeoplethatsegment(ieonshoreoroffshore)andneededtoconstructandinstallwind2023,theworkforcecalculationfor2022GWOtrainingprovidersandeducatorswilldevelopmentphase(ieC&IorO&M).assetsthroughouttheoutlookperiod.wouldconsidertheworkforceneededneedtotraintocapturethedevelopmentfor30%ofthe20turbinesof2022andpotentialofferedbywindindustrygrowthThemodelcombinesdatafromGWEConUsingdataonprojectconstruction70%ofthe10turbinesof2023.Theoverthenextfiveyears.Thischapterinstalledcapacity,capacityforecastsandvalidatedbyGWOmembers,weexpectationisthatamajorpart(70%)unveilsanupdatedmethodologytoaverageturbineratingswiththefollowingestimatedthattheC&IofanoffshoreoftheC&Iworkforcewillneedtrainingcalculatetheglobalconstructionandelementsincludedintheforecasts:windfarmtypicallyrequires18people/oneyearaheadofthecommissioningofinstallation(C&I)andoperationandnumberofprojects,numberofturbinesturbine.Largescaleonshoreprojectstheonshoreproject,whiletheremainingmaintenance(O&M)workforce.GWOand,inthecaseofoffshoreprojects,withahighnumberofturbinestypicallypart(30%)willbetrainedduringtheyearthatestimatesthevolumeofpeoplethatdistancefromshoreandO&Mlogisticsenabledeveloperstoutilisefewerpeopleinwhichtheprojectiscommissioned.GWOtrainingprovidersandeducatorswillsetup.Thesedataarecombinedwithonaperturbinebasis,whilethepeople/AsimilarlogicappliesforoffshoreC&I,needtotraintocapturethedevelopmentinputsonthetypicalworkforceneededturbineratiotendstobehigherforthebutwith30%oftheturbinesforecastedpotentialofferedbywindindustrygrowthtocarryoutC&IandO&Mononshorebuildoutofsmallerwindfarms.Thefortheyearaheadand70%oftheoverthenextfiveyears.Thischapterandoffshorewindprojectseachyearworkforceneededtobuildandinstallturbinesforecastedtwoyearsahead.unveilsanupdatedmethodologytoanonshorewindfarmcanvarygreatly,calculatetheglobalconstructionandrangingfromthreepeople/turbineto20people/turbine.Giventhatmostprojects38GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027OperationandMaintenanceOperationsandMaintenanceGWOModulesAlthoughthereisnorestrictionover(Onshore)(Offshore)whocancompleteGWOcoursesandThesecondpartofthemodelcalculatesobtaincertificates,nomattertheirUsingGWEC’stotalinstalledcapacityProjectlevelvisibilityallowsthethepotentialvolumeofmodulesjobandindustry,thecategorisationdataanddatainputsontheratingofcalculationoftheforecastforoffshoreapplicabletothenumberoftechniciansingroupsallowsGWOtoestimateaoperationalwindturbines,weestimatedoperationandmaintenancebasedinscopeforGWOtraining.Theretotalpotentialtrainingvolumethatisthenumberofturbinesoperatingineachontheprojectednumberofturbinesare27GWOmodulesinadditiontoconsistentwiththesegmentationusedcountry.Wethenusedannualturbineandoffshoresubstations.Research13refreshermodules(excludingthetomaketheworkforceforecasts.additionstoprojectthevolumeoftheonplannedprojectsenablesaccurateBSTR-Ptrainingstandard).EachofthosecumulativeinstalledturbinefleetoutassumptionsontheratingandnumberofmodulescorrespondstocoursesthatThebaselineforcalculatingthetotalto2027.UsingdataonprojectO&MturbinesthatcorrespondtothecapacityGWOtrainingprovidersandeducatorspotentialforGWOmodulesisthetotalvalidatedbyGWOmembersandweightedexpectedtobeinoperationeachyearcanbecertifiedtodelivertotheirnumberandbreakdownoftechniciansbyplantsize,weestimatedthatthethroughouttheoutlookperiod.Thecourseparticipants.UnderstandinginscopeforGWOtrainingin2021andO&Mofanonshorewindfarmtypicallypeople/turbinecoefficientiscalculatedthedevelopmentpotentialofGWO2022.Thesefiguresprovidethebasisrequires0.45peopleperturbine.Thisbasedonthetotalexpectednumbercoursescanhelptrainingproviderstocalculatetherefreshersforeachfigure,multipliedbythetotalnumberofoftechniciansrequiredtobereadilyandeducatorsacceleratetheirtrainingyearoftheoutlookperiod.Themodulesturbinesinoperationeachyear,resultedavailableateachsitedividedbythetotalactivityandsupportworkforceglobally.applicabletoeachsegment(includingintheforecastofthetotalnumberofnumberofturbines.Theindicatorthattherefreshers)areappliedtoeachtechniciansneededeachyearforonshoreinformsthisnumberisthecapacityoftheThe27moduleshavebeenclassifiedas:oftheoutlooks’years.TheresultingO&M.vesselsexpectedtobeutilizedbasedon•moduleswithorwithoutprojectionsconcludethatthereisatheO&Mstrategyselectedormostlikelytotalpotentialofuptoalmostsixmilliontobeselectedbytheoperatorbasedonanexpirationdatemodules(includingrefreshers)in2027.projectcharacteristics.Thiscoefficient•modulesfortheonshoreisacumulativefigurethatreflectstheNote:Seenextpage,Figure21-SummaryinstalledfleetandthuschangesintimeO&Mworkforce,oftheWorkforceForecastingModelbasedonthecharacteristicsofallthe•modulesfortheoffshoreprojectsthatareoperationalineachgivenyear.Thispeople/turbinecoefficientisO&Mworkforce,thenmultipliedbythetotalnumberof•modulesforonshoreoperationalturbinestocompletetheforecastforoffshoreO&M.C&Iworkforceand•modulesfortheoffshoreC&Iworkforce.39GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Figure21-SummaryoftheWorkforceForecastingModelGWECGWOTotalAddressableWorkforceTotalDevelopmentPotentialMWcapacityinstalledand-TotalAddressableWorkforce(people)GWOoperationalannuallytrainedGWOtrainedworkforceworkforceAverageturbineratingNewMWinstalled/turbinerating=People/NumberofturbinesinstalledannuallyNumberofpeopleneededeachyearforNumberofonshoreturbinesTurbineXOnshoreC&IinstalledannuallyratiosPeople/Turbineratio(12)NumberofpeopleneededeachyearforMWoperational/turbinerating=OnshoreO&MNumberofonshoreturbinesProjectNumberofturbinesoperationaleachyearoperationaleachyearleveldataXNewMWinstalled/turbinerating=People/Turbineratio(0.45)NumberofoffshoreturbinesinstalledannuallyNumberofturbinesinstalledannuallyNumberofpeopleneededeachyearforXOffshoreC&IMWoperational/turbinerating=NumberofoffshoreturbinesPeople/Turbineratio(18)operationaleachyearNumberofturbinesinstalledannuallyNumberofpeopleneededeachyearforXOffshoreO&MPeople/Turbineratio(variable)DataInputTurbineCountFormulasWorkforceFormulasOutputForecastsSource:GWO,GWEC202340GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027Figure22-GWOStandards&TheirApplicabilitytoOnshoreandOffshoreWindGWOmoduleOnshore,C&IOnshore,O&MOffshore,C&IOffshore,O&MRefresherAdvancedRescueTraining-HubxxxxYesAdvancedRescueTraining-NacellexxxxYesAdvancedRescueTraining(Singleton)-HubxxxxYesAdvancedRescueTraining(Singleton)-NacellexxxxYesBasicSafetyTraining-FirstAidxxxxYesBasicSafetyTraining-FireAwarenessxxxxYesBasicSafetyTraining-ManualHandlingxxxxYesBasicSafetyTraining-SeaSurvivalxxYesBasicSafetyTraining-WorkingatHeightsxxxxYesBasicTechnicalTraining-BoltTighteningxxxxNoBasicTechnicalTraining-ElectricalxxNoBasicTechnicalTraining-HydraulicsxxxxNoBasicTechnicalTraining-InstallationxxNoBasicTechnicalTraining-MechanicalxxxxNoBladeRepairxxxxNoControlofHazardousEnergies-BasicSafetyxxxxYesControlofHazardousEnergies-ElectricalSafetyxxxxYesControlofHazardousEnergies-PressureFluidSafetyxxxxYesCraneandHoist-BasicUserxxNoCraneandHoist-InspectionandMaintenancexxxxNoEnhancedFirstAidxxxxYesLiftCommissionandInspectionxxxxNoLiftCommission,Inspection,InstallationandMaintenancexxxxNoLiftUserxxxxNoSlingerSignallerxxNoWindLimitedAccess-OffshoreLimitedAccessNoWindLimitedAccess-OnshoreLimitedAccessNoSource:GWO,GWEC202341GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027LimitationsTheassumptionsembeddedintheOutlook.However,thisdeclinewasWorkforceForecastingModelhavenotsignificant,asitwasoffsetbyanlimitationsthatinfluencethefinalupgradeintheMWforecastedtocomeoutcomes.Firstly,theworkforceonlineduringtheoutlookperiod.consideredinthemodelaccountsonlyforGWOtrainableprofessionalswithinGWOisconfidentthatcontinuouslytheO&MandC&IphasesofonshoreandimprovingtheWorkforceForecastingoffshorewindprojectdevelopment.Thus,ModelwillhelptheindustrytobettertheworkforceactiveinotherphasesofunderstandthevolumeoftheC&IandprojectdevelopmentisnotconsideredinO&MworkforceandstimulatefurthertheGlobalWindWorkforceOutlook.discussionsandresearchonthistopic.ThemodelwillberefinedonanSecondly,giventheevolvingdynamicsongoingbasistobuildinmoregranular,ofthewindpowermarket,bothwindcountryandindustryspecificprojectinstallationforecastsandturbineratingdata,thusprogressivelyreducingtheassumptionsareinherentlypronetodegreeofuncertaintyintheresults.upwardsanddownwardsreviews,andmayresultinadifferentoutcomefromthatforecastinthisreport.Consequently,theinputsandassumptionsbuiltintheworkforceformulaswillbeimpactedbyfutureforecastupdates.During2023,GWECandGWOreviewedupwardstheirlong-termassumptionsonaverageturbinerating.Thischangebroughtadeclineintheestimatednumberofturbinesinstalledeachyear,resultinginlowerworkforcefiguresatthebackendoftheGlobalWindWorkforce42DefinitionsTermsDefinitionABEEólicaAssociaçãoBrasileiradeEnergiaEólica-BrazilianWindEnergyAssociationBSTBasicSafetyTrainingStandard(GWOStandard)BOEMUSBureauofOceanEnergyManagementCAPEXCapitalexpenditureCoHEControlofHazardousEnergies(GWOStandard)C&IConstructionandInstallationCODCommercialoperationdateCTVCrewtransfervesselEPEEnergyResearchOffice(Brazil)FiTFeed-inTariffGWGigawattsGWECGlobalWindEnergyCouncilGWOGlobalWindOrganisationHSEHealth,SafetyandEnvironmentIBAMAInstitutoBrasileirodoMeioAmbienteedosRecursosNaturaisRenováveisMWMegawattsOEMOriginalEquipmentManufacturerO&MOperations&MaintenancePPAPowerPurchaseAgreementRECRenewableEnergyCertificateGlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027GlobalWindEnergyCouncilGlobalWindOrganisationRuedeCommerce31Langebrogade3H1000BrusselsCopenhagen1411Belgium+3222131897info@globalwindsafety.orgwww.globalwindsafety.orginfo@gwec.netwww.gwec.net44
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