第34 卷 第 7期
2021 年7月
环 境 科 学 研 究
Research of Environmental Sciences
Vol.34,No.7
July,2021
收稿日期:2020-08-11 修订日期:2021-03-31
作者简介:符志友(1981-) ,
男,
贵州大方人,
研究员,
博士,
主要从事环境地球化学和水环境风险评估研究,fuzy@ craes.org.cn.
*责任作者,
吴丰昌(1965-) ,
男,
浙江衢州人,
中国工程院院士,
研究员,
博士,
博导,
主要从事环境地球化学和水质基准研究,wufengchang@ vip.skleg.cn
基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07301005,2018ZX07208001)
Supported by Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China (No.2017ZX07301005,2018ZX07208001)
我国水环境风险管理进展、
挑战与战略对策研究
符志友1,张衍燊2,冯承莲1,郭昌胜1,游 静3,孙宇巍1,刘新妹1,吴丰昌1*
1.中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京 100012
2.生态环境部环境规划院环境与健康研究中心,北京 100012
3.暨南大学环境学院,广东省环境污染与健康重点实验室,广东 广州 510443
摘要:近年来我国水环境质量持续改善,
但水环境风险及管控形势仍然严峻,
化工厂爆炸和尾矿泄漏等突发性水环境事故频发,
有毒有害污染物超标等累积性污染风险突出.该文着眼于水环境污染风险,
对影响推进我国水环境风险管理的突出问题进行梳
理,
发现部分法律法规内容可操作性和防控力度有待完善提升、
管理体系制度间衔接亟需加强、
基础研究及支撑技术规范化不
足、
企业责任主体对风险防控的主动性不够、
流域风险底数不清等问题,
提出针对性的战略对策建议,
包括加强顶层设计、
统筹管
理体系和制度的 3个衔接、
加强环境基准标准风险评估监测应急处置 4个方面的科学研究、
构建以环境责任险和损害评估为
核心的主动防控风险倒逼机制、
开展重点水域风险普查摸清底数,
提出水环境风险管理战略路线思路,
强调环境风险防控关口前
移、
与现有环境管理体系相结合,
统筹推进水环境风险管理.
关键词:水环境;污染;风险评估;风险管理;管控策略
中图分类号:X522;X524 文章编号:1001-6929(2021)07-1532-10
文献标志码:ADOI:10. 13198j. issn. 1001-6929. 2021. 04. 08
Progress,Challenge and Strategic Countermeasures of Chinese Pollution Risk
Management of Water Environment
FU Zhiyou1,ZHANG Yanshen2,FENG Chenglian1,GUO Changsheng1,YOU Jing3,SUN Yuwei1,LIU Xinmei1,
WU Fengchang1*
1.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing
100012,China
2.Center for Environmental Health,Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning,Beijing 100012,China
3.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health,School of Environment,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510443,China
Abstract:In recent years,China's water environment quality has continued to improve,but water environment risks and management and
control situation are still severe. Sudden water environment accidents such as chemical plant explosions and tailings leakage occur
frequently,and cumulative pollution risks such as toxic and harmful pollutants exceed the standard. This article focuses on the risks of
water environmental pollution,and sorts out the outstanding issues that affect the promotion of pollution risk management of water
environment. It should be pointed out that the operability and prevention and control of some laws and regulations need to be improved,the
connection between management systems and institutions needs to be strengthened,basic research and supporting technical standardization
are insufficient,enterprises are not sufficiently proactive in risk prevention and control,and the base of river basin risks is unclear,etc.
Accordingly targeted strategic countermeasures are proposed,including strengthening the top-level design and coordinating the three
linkages of management systems and systems,strengthening scientific research in four aspects including environmental criteria
standardsrisk assessmentmonitoringemergency water treatment,establishing an active prevention and control mechanism of risk with
environmental liability insurance and damage assessment as the core,conducting risk surveys in key water areas to find out the bottom
line. The proposed strategic route of pollution risk management of water environment highlights the advancement of environmental risk
prevention and control measures and the integration of existing environmental management systems,and the overall promotion of risk
management of water environment.