IntegratingSolarandWindGlobalexperienceandemergingchallengesTheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,13associationcountriesandbeyond.Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Source:IEA.InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgIEAmembercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesTheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAassociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYIntegratingSolarandWindAbstractGlobalexperienceandemergingchallengesPAGE|3IEA.CCBY4.0.AbstractSolarphotovoltaics(PV)andwindpowerhavebeengrowingatanacceleratedpace,morethandoublingininstalledcapacityandnearlydoublingtheirshareofglobalelectricitygenerationfrom2018to2023.ThisreportunderscorestheurgentneedfortimelyintegrationofsolarPVandwindcapacitytoachieveglobaldecarbonisationgoals,asthesetechnologiesareprojectedtocontributesignificantlytomeetgrowingdemandsforelectricityby2030.However,shouldcountriesfailtoimplementintegrationmeasuresinlinewithascenariowheretheyachievetheirclimateandenergypledges,theglobalpowersectorcouldjeopardiseupto15%ofsolarPVandwindenergyorvariablerenewableenergy(VRE)generationin2030.Ifthisgapiscompensatedforwithcontinuedrelianceonfossilfuels,itcouldleadtosignificantlylessCO2emissionsreductions.Akeyaspectofthisreportisafirst-everglobalstocktakeofVREintegrationmeasuresacross50powersystems,whichaccountfornearly90%ofglobalsolarPVandwindpowergeneration.ThisanalysisidentifiesprovenmeasuresforfacilitatingVREintegration,particularlyinsystemsatearlyphasesofadoption.ThisreportalsoupdatesIEA'sphasesofVREintegrationframeworktoreflectemergingchallengesathigherlevelsofVREpenetrationandprovidesanoverviewofsolutionstoaddressthemthatarealreadybeginningtobeimplementedinseveralcountries.ThisreportemphasisesthatwhilesystemsatearlyphasesofVREintegrationcanacceleratedeploymentwithrelativelylowsystemimpact,thoseinhighphasesfacemorecomplexchallengesrelatedtostabilityandflexibility,whichcallforatransformationofhowpowersystemsareoperated,plannedandfinanced.Thisreportcallsforstrategicgovernmentaction,enhancedinfrastructure,andregulatoryreformstoensurethesuccessfullarge-scaleintegrationofsolarPVandwindinordertomeetglobalenergytransitiontargets.Robustdata,stakeholdercollaborationandgovernmentprioritisationofintegrationmeasuresareessentialforovercomingthesechallengesandachievingasustainableenergyfuture.IntegratingSolarandWindAcknowledgementsGlobalexperienceandemergingchallengesPAGE|4IEA.CCBY4.0.Acknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsThisstudywaspreparedbytheRenewableIntegrationandSecureElectricity(RISE)UnitintheDirectorateofEnergyMarketsandSecurity(EMS)inco‐operationwi...