SynergySolutionsforaWorldinCrisis:TacklingClimateandSDGActionTogetherREPORTONSTRENGTHENINGTHEEVIDENCEBASEIFIRSTEDITION2023SYNERGYSOLUTIONSFORAWORLDINCRISIS:TACKLINGCLIMATEANDSDGACTIONTOGETHERPublishedbytheUnitedNationsCopyright©UnitedNations,2023AllrightsreservedForfurtherinformation,pleasecontact:ClimateandSDGSynergySecretariat,UnitedNationsWebsite:sdgs.un.org/climate-sdgs-synergiesEmail:climate-sdgs-synergies@un.orgDesignconceptandproductionbyCamiloSalomon@www.cjsalomon.comSynergySolutionsforaWorldinCrisis:TacklingClimateandSDGActionTogetherREPORTONSTRENGTHENINGTHEEVIDENCEBASEIFIRSTEDITION2023SYNERGYSOLUTIONSFORAWORLDINCRISIS:ITACKLINGCLIMATEANDSDGACTIONTOGETHERSYNERGYSOLUTIONSFORAWORLDINCRISIS:IITACKLINGCLIMATEANDSDGACTIONTOGETHERSYNERGYSOLUTIONSFORAWORLDINCRISIS:TACKLINGCLIMATEANDSDGACTIONTOGETHERIIITableofContentsAcknowledgmentsIVPrefaceVIListofacronyms1ExecutiveSummaryandRecommendations21.BackgroundandScope141.1History141.2Purposeofthereport151.3Currentglobalcontext152.AdvancingClimateActionandSDGSynergies172.1TheScience172.1.1Anintroductiontosynergies,co-benefits,andtrade-offs172.1.2Quantificationandmonetization232.1.3Methodologies252.2.TheEvidence282.2.1.Synergiesinpractice:NDC-SDGlinkagesandLT-LEDS282.2.2.Operationalizingsynergies362.2.3.Financingsynergies372.2.4.Globalbestpracticesandpolicies432.2.5.Barriersandenablersofsynergisticaction482.2.6.Lessonslearned553.Increasingambitiononsynergisticapproaches:Aframeworkforaction573.1Rationale:whyaframeworkforaction?573.2Aframeworkforaction–principles,tools,andsynergies583.3Aframeworkforactionfoundedoncorevaluesandprinciples644.References655.Appendix785.1Figures785.2Tables83SYNERGYSOLUTIONSFORAWORLDINCRISIS:TACKLINGCLIMATEANDSDGACTIONTOGETHERIVCo-convenedbytheUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs(UNDESA)andtheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeSecretariat(UNFCCC),thisreportowesitsexistencetothisenduringandproductivepartnership,sharedvision,andcollaborativespirit.Guidedbytheiroverarchingvision,thisreportistheculminationoftheindependentworkoftheExpertGrouponClimateandSDGSynergy.TheseamlesscoordinationanddevelopmentofthereportarecreditedtotheExpertGroupco-leads,LuisGomezEcheverri(Colombia)InternationalInstituteforAppliedSystemsAnalysis(IIASA),andHeideHackmann(SouthAfrica)FutureAfrica,UniversityofPretoria,whosediligencehasbeenparamountinshapingitscontent.ThefindingsandrecommendationsofthisreportareattributedtotheexpertiseofthemembersoftheExpertGroup:•BarbaraBuchner(Austria)ClimatePolicyInitiative,•MercedesBustamante(Chile)UniversityofBrasilia,•FelixCreutzig(Germany)TechnicalUniversityofBerlin,•MeaganFallone(UnitedStates)StepUpAdvisers,Ltd.andCARE,•KavehGuilanpour(UnitedKingdom)CenterforClimateandEnergySolutions(C2ES),•MaJun(China)InstituteofPublicandEnvironmentalAffairs(IPE),•MånsNilsson(Sweden)StockholmEnvironmentInstitute(SEI),•TulullahOni(UnitedKingdom/Nigeria)UniversityofCambridgeandUrbanBetter,•YoubaSokona(Mali)IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),•SoumyaSwaminathan(India)MSSwaminathanResearchFoundation,•KazuhikoTakeuchi(Japan)InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies(IGES),•DianaUrge-Vorsatz(Hungary)CenterforClimateChangeandSustainableEnergyPolicy(3CSEP)andViceChairofIPCC.Centraltothereport’sformulation,thecoreteamsupportingthedraftingandeditingprocessincludedGeoffClar...