PreparedbyMinistryofNaturalResources,PRCChinaMineralResources2022GEOLOGICALPUBLISHINGHOUSEBEIJINGChairman:LingYuemingVice-chairmen:JuJianhuaJiangWenbiaoWangFengMembers:WangGuopingWangLeiZhuZhenfangLiXiaoboYangShangbingWuPingWuJunQiuHaijunHeKaitaoChiHengweiCaoXinyuanLiangKaiJingDongshengEditor-in-chief:LiXiaoboAssociateEditor-in-chief:YanWeidongSunYongchaoEditorialStaff:YuJiangweiMaXiaojieMaJianmingKongNingDengFengShiJinXuChuangshengZhangWeiZhangHaiboLuoXiaominLinBoleiZhouQizhongZhaoYunHuXianqiHuRongboJiangYaFeiYueGuNaXuShuguangGuoJuanMuChaoEditorialCommitteeIForewordUndertheguidanceofXiJinpingThoughtonEcologicalCivilization,adheretooveralldevelopmentandsafety,Chinahascontinuouslypromotedthereformofmineralresourcesmanagementandgreendevelopmentinminingsector,andsignificantprogresshasbeenmadeintheexplorationanddevelopmentofmineralresources.Inordertomakepeopleathomeandabroadwhocareaboutandsupportnaturalresourcesconditionsunderstandexplorationanddevelopment,managementandreformprogressofmineralresources,theMinistryofNaturalResources(MNR)organizedthecompilationoftheChinaMineralResources(hereinafterreferredtoastheReport).Thisyear’sReportfocusesonsuchinformationsince2021asthenewprogressmadeinChina’sgeologicalsurvey;reconnaissance,explorationanddevelopmentofmineralresources,mineecologicalrehabilitationandgreenmineconstruction;newchangesinpoliciesandregulationsrelatedtomineralresources;newmeasurestakeninmanagementofmineralresources;newscientificandtechnologicalinnovation;andnewachievementsobtainedintheinternationalcooperationongeologicalandmineralresourceswithcountriesparticipatinginthe“BeltandRoadInitiative”.TheReportpresentstheachievementsinthefieldofmineralresourceswithafeaturesincethe18thCPCNationalCongress.Tilltheendofyear2021,atotalof173kindsofmineralresourceshavebeendiscoveredinChina,including13kindsofenergyminerals,59kindsofmetallicminerals,95kindsofnonmetallicmineralsand6kindsofwaterandgases.Theyear2021witnessedthegrowthofinvestmentsingeologicalexplorationby11.6%,ofwhichtheinvestmentingeologicalexplorationofnon-oil-gasmineralshasachievedpositivegrowthforthefirsttimesince2013.In2021,95mineraldepositswerediscoveredthroughoutChina.BreakthroughsweremadeinoilandgasexplorationinOrdosBasin,DzungarBasin,TarimBasin,SichuanBasin,BohaiBayBasin,etc.Majorprogresswasmadeintheexplorationofcoal,goldandthreerareminerals(rareearth,raremetalandrare-scatteredelements).ForewordIIChinaMineralResources2022Thebasicgeologicalsurveyworkhasbeencontinuouslyimproved,andimportantprogresshasbeenmadeinthesurveyofmineralresources.Thegeologicalsurveyofmaritimeareas,thesurveyofoilandgasresourcesinmaritimeareasandthegeologicalsurveyofoceanhavebeencarriedoutcontinuously.InChina’sminingindustry,fixed-assetinvestmentwasincreased,manifestedbythecontinuedgrowthoftheproductionvolumnofmajorminerals,acceleratedoptimizationoftheenergyconsumptionstructurecontinuously,andsignificantachievementintheconservationandintensiveandcomprehensiveutilizationofmineralresources.Effortsweremadetoprepareaplanforecologicalrehabilitationofminesduringthe14thFive-YearPlanperiod,soastofacilitatetheexaminationofhistoricalmines.Moreemphasiswasputontheecologicalrehabilitationofhistoricalminesinkeyriverbasinsandareas.TheSpecificationforGreenGeologicalSurveyandMineralExplorationwasimplementedandpublicized,andprojectsfordemonstrationofgreenexplorationwerefurthercarriedout.Throughlookingbackongreenmines,constructionofgreenmineswaspushedforwardwithhighquality.Measuresweretakentofurtherstrengthenthelegislationandregulationinthefieldofmineralresourceexplorationanddevelopment,continuetopromotethemodificationtotheMineralResourcesLaw,publishandimplementtheRegulationsonGroundwaterManagement,enclosetheprofessionalqualificationsofmineralrightsappraisersintheNationalVocationalQualificationCatalog(2021Edition).Formulatingandimplementingthemineralresourcesplanningatalllevels;standardizingthepublicdisclosureofinformationonexplorationandexploitationofminingrights,strengtheningtheconstructionoftheintegritysystemintheminingsector,andenablingthenationalsupervisionandserviceplatformforthegeologicalexplorationindustry.Effortsweremadetopushforwardthefullimplementationofreformmeasuresforthemanagementofmineralreserves,buildinternalsupervisionmechanismformineralreservesreviewandcalculationquality,providesupervisionandguidanceservices,andpromotetheinformatizationofmineralresources&reservesmanagement;theregulationsonregistrationofthetransferofminingrightswerereleasedtomakepublictheregistrationinformation;provisionsweremadetostrictlynormalizetheapprovalprocedureforexcavation,inwardandoutwardofpaleontologicalfossils.IIIForewordAwealthofsignificantscientificandtechnologicalachievementsweremadeinthefieldofmineralresources;8nationalstandardsand115industrialstandardswerepublishedandimplementedinthefieldofgeologicalandmineralresources.Innovatethewaysofinternationalexchangeandcooperationinthefieldofmineralresources,activelymaintaincontactwithrelevantcountriesandinternationalorganizations;promotepracticalcooperationandfurtherconsolidatefriendlycooperationrelationsinthefieldofgeologyandmineralsthroughexchangeplatformssuchasChinaInternationalMiningConference,China-ASEANMiningCooperationForumandPromotionExhibition,etc.StatisticsintheReportaremainlyfromtheMNRandtheNationalBureauofStatisticsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.StatisticsfromtheHongKongSpecialAdministrationRegion,theMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegionandTaiwanProvincearenotincludedintheReport.ContentsVContentsForewordChapterIGeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluations……………………………………………………1I.BasicGeologicalSurvey…………………………………………………………1II.MineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluations…………………………………2III.MarineGeologicalSurvey………………………………………………………4ChapterIIMineralResources…………………………………………………6I.EnergyMinerals……………………………………………………………………6II.MetallicMinerals…………………………………………………………………7III.NonmetallicMinerals……………………………………………………………8ChapterIIIExploration………………………………………………………10I.InvestmentsinGeologicalExploration………………………………………10II.ProgressinOilandGasExploration……………………………………………14III.ProgressinExplorationofNon-oil-GasMinerals………………………………15ChapterIVDevelopmentandUtilization…………………………………16I.Fixed-assetInvestmentinMiningIndustry………………………………………16II.ProductionandConsumptionofMineralProducts……………………………18III.ConservationandComprehensiveUtilizationofMineralResources………20VIChinaMineralResources2022ChapterVEcologicalRehabilitationofMinesandGreenDevelopment……………………………………………………23I.EcologicalRehabilitationofMines………………………………………………23II.GreenExploration…………………………………………………………………24III.ConstructionofGreenMines……………………………………………………25ChapterVIPoliciesandRegulationsonMineralResources…………27I.LawsandRegulations……………………………………………………………27II.RulesandReforms………………………………………………………………28III.TaxesonMineralResources……………………………………………………29ChapterVIIMineralResourcesManagement……………………………30I.MineralResourcesPlanning………………………………………………………30II.GeologicalExplorationManagement……………………………………………31III.MineralReservesManagement…………………………………………………32IV.MiningRightsManagement……………………………………………………33V.CreditManagementforMiningRightHolders…………………………………34VI.PaleontologicalFossilsProtectionManagement……………………………35ChapterVIIIGeologicalDataManagementandServices………………36I.GeologicalDataManagementSystem…………………………………………36II.GeologicalDataCollection………………………………………………………37III.GeologicalDataServices………………………………………………………37ChapterIXScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResources…………………………………………40I.TechnologicalMilestonesinFieldofMineralResources………………………40II.TechnicalStandardsintheFieldofMineralResources………………………42III.TechnologicalInnovationPlatformsinFieldofMineralResources…………43ChapterXInternationalCooperation………………………………………45I.BilateralandMultilateralCooperationMechanisms……………………………45II.InternationalMiningCooperationPlatforms……………………………………47GeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluationsChapterI1ChapterIGeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluationsThelevelofbasicgeologicalsurveyworkhasbeencontinuouslyimproved.Majorprogresswasmadeinthesurveyofimportantmineralresources.Theevaluationwascompletedonthegroundwaterresourcesthroughoutthecountry.Workcontinuedinthegeologicalsurveyandoil&gasresourcessurveyinterritorialwaters,andoceanicgeologicalsurvey.I.BasicGeologicalSurveyIn2021,withfinancialfundsfromthecentralgovernment,effortsweremadetocompletetheregionalgeologicalsurveyacrossanareaof15.90thousandsquarekilometersonascaleof1:50,000,thegeochemistryinvestigationacrossanareaof429squarekilometersonascaleof1:50,000,thegravitysurveyacrossanareaof542squarekilometersonascaleof1:50,000,theairbornegeophysicalprospectingalong23thousandkilometers,andtheregionalgravityacrossanareaof6000squarekilometersonascaleof1:250,000.2ChinaMineralResources2022InWangjiang-WuweibasinofLowerYangtzeregion,Tianshan-Xingmengtectonicbelt,Gonghebasin,Ordosbasin,andNorthChinaPlain,regionalgeologicalsurveyandcomprehensivestudieswerecarriedout,andcontrastiveanalysiswasmadeintermsofthestructuralcharacteristicsofstrataandrockmasstosolvekeyfundamentalgeologicalproblems,providingbasicsupportsforexpandingprospectingideaandspace.Aseriesofmapswerepreparedandreleased,including1:2,500,000nationalgeologicalmap,1:1,500,000geologicalmapscoveringsixregionsincludingNorthChinaandNortheastChina,22piecesof1:50,000geologicalmaps,andgeological-geophysicalseriesofmapsfortheQiangtangbasin.II.MineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluations1.Solidmineralssurveyandevaluation1:50,000mineralgeologicalsurveyof12thousandsquarekilometershasbeencompleted,55mineralexplorationprospectingtargetshasbeendelineatedand11ore-fieldswerenewlydiscovered.IntheareaofXuanweiinEastYunnan,2sedimentaryrareearthstargetareaswereidentifiedand1newore-fieldwasdiscovered.InXinjiangRuoqiangCounty,throughdrillingverification,1fluorsparore-fieldwasdiscovered,and5fluorsparorebodiesweredelineatedinXiaobaihegouFluoriteprospectingtargets.Onelead-zincdepositwasdiscoveredinNuocangSouth,CuoqinCounty,Tibet,with16lead-zincorebodiesand9copperorebodiestraced.Onetinpolymetallicore-fieldwasdiscoveredintheDayishanareaofHunan,withanaveragethicknessof3.43metersofthemainorebody.MajorprogresswasmadeinthesurveyoftininthenorthernpartoftheXianglinminingareainShannandistrict,Tibet.2.OilandgasresourcesurveyandevaluationMajorprogresswasmadeinoilandgassurveyandevaluation.Qianshuidi1#wellinGuizhouobtainedanindustrialshalegasflowof11,000m3/dayintheSouthernCarboniferous,makingamajorbreakthroughinthesurveyofnewareas,newstrataandnewtypesofshalegas.ThegastestingbyverticalwellhydrofracturingintheCarboniferoussystemoftheQingdecanGeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluationsChapterI31#wellontheQaidamBasin,Qinghaiyielded2,172cubicmetersofnaturalgasflowperday,establishingtheCarboniferoussystemasthefourthpetroliferoussystemofQaidamBasin,andmakingmajordiscoveriesinoilandgassurveysinQaidamBasin.Throughthefirst-layertestingontheXinyongdi1#well,Zhunnanarea,Xinjiang,12,980cubicmetersofnaturalgaswereobtainedperday,andasmallamountofheavyoilwasfound,showingagoodprospecting.Chuanmudi2#wellintersectedstrongoilandgasdisplayintheLeikoupoformation,TriassicSysteminsouthwestSichuan.3.GeothermalresourcesurveyandevaluationBreakthroughsweremadeinthetestonhotdryrocksinGonghe,Qinghai,showingakeystepofdevelopingdryhotrocks.240groupsoftheterrestrialheatflowmeasurementwerecarriedoutthroughthecountry,includingthenortheastmarginofTibetanplateau,centralandwesternGansuandmountainousregioninnorth-centralXinjiang.InXiong’anNewArea,aheatrecoverytestwasmadeonthe4,200m-longgravityheatpipe,whichisthelongestofsuchpipeathome,supportingthedevelopmentandutilizationofgeothermalresources,andtechnologiesforefficientdevelopmentandutilizationofdeepthermalenergy.Supportswerealsogivenfortheformulation,releaseandimplementationoftheTechnicalSpecificationsforMonitoringGeothermalMiningWellsandRechargeWellsinXiong’anNewArea(Trial)andtheTechnicalSpecificationsforGeothermalDynamicMonitoringSystemandSpecialMonitoringWellinXiong’anNewArea(Trial).4.Investigation,evaluationandmonitoringofgroundwaterEvaluationwasmadeonthegroundwaterthroughoutthecountry.Therewerearound37.4trillionm3offreshgroundwaterreservoirinChina,including35.5trillionm3inNorthChina,accountingfor95%ofthetotal;1.9trillionm3inSouthChina,accountingfor5%ofthetotal.Therewerearound14.7trillionm3ofsalinegroundwaterreservoirinChina.Thenationalgroundwatermonitoringprojectwascompletedandaccepted,enablingtheefficientoperationandmaintenanceof10,171automaticmonitoringstations.4ChinaMineralResources2022III.MarineGeologicalSurvey1.BasicmarinegeologicalsurveyContinuedeffortsweremadeinthegeologicalsurveyofmaritimeareasunderChina’sjurisdiction,acquiringimportantmeasureddataandnewgeologicalknowledge.The1:250,000marineregionalgeologicalsurveysandaerialgeophysicalsurveyswerecarriedoutinthreekeyareasintheEastChinaSea,theoffshoreofHainanIslandandtheZhongshaIslands.The1:50,000marineregionalgeologicalsurveyswerecarriedoutin4keyareas,includingChangshanFeature1-1Achievementsofgeologicalsurveyandevaluationofmineralssincethe18thCPCNationalCongressSincethe18thCPCNationalCongress,aseriesofmajorprospectingbreakthroughsornewdiscoverieshavebeenmadeinthegeologicalsurveyofminerals,includingthesurveyacrossanareaofmorethan700thousandkm2onascaleof1:50,000,andgeologicalworkhasbeengreatlyimproved.Morethan2500prospectingtargetsweredelineated,andmorethan300newore-fieldswerediscovered,facilitatingtheformationofabatchoflargemineralresourcesbases,includingHuangyangshangraphiteorefieldandMalkansumanganeseorefieldinXinjiang,DuolongcopperorefieldinTibet,andthusgreatlysecuretheavailabilityofresourcesandthedevelopmentofstrategicemergingindustries.MajorbreakthroughswereachievedintheshalegasexplorationintheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt,anumberofshalegasexplorationanddevelopmentareas,suchasZheng'aninGuizhouandYichanginHubei,havebeennewlyopenedup.AseriesofmajordiscoveriesandbreakthroughsweremadeintheoilandgassurveyinXinjiang,supportingtheformationofnewenergybases,thetransferof25oilandgasexplorationblocks,andtherulesreformonoil&gasexplorationanddevelopment.Significantgrowthwasalsomadeinthesurveyofnon-conventionaloil&gasintheSongliaobasin,contributingtotheconstructionofnational-leveldemonstrationzone.Surveyshavebeenmadeontheshallowgeothermalresourcesin336maincities,geohydrothermalresourcesin31provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities),anddry-hot-rockgeothermalresources.Basedontheabovesurveys,wehavefiguredouttheoccurrenceconditions,distributioncharacteristics,developmentandutilizationstateofgeothermalresourcesinChina,andpreliminarilyevaluatedtheamountofgeothermalresourcesnationwide.Accordingtothesurveyresult,theannualrecoverableamountofshallowgeothermalresourceswasequivalentto700milliontonsofcoalequivalentin336maincitiesofChina,guaranteeingtheheatandcoolsupplyto32billionm2ofbuildings,andtheannualrecoverableamountofgeohydrothermalresourceswasequivalentto1.9billiontonsofcoalequivalent.GeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluationsChapterI5islands,andCaofeidian,BohaiSea,andalarge-scalemarinegeologicalsurveytechnologysystemwasinitiallyestablished.Moreeffortsweremadetosummarizetheachievementsinthe1:1,000,000marinegeologicalsurveysintheseaareasunderthejurisdictionofChina,compilethe1:2,000,000geologicalmap,tectonicmap,topographicmap,geomorphologicmap,mapofenvironmentalgeologicalfactors,mapofsurfacesedimenttypes,basindistributionmap,andtheReporton1:1,000,000RegionalGeologicalSurveysinChina’sSeaAreas.Throughmagnetotelluricsoundingofthecrust-mantlestructureoftheSouthwesternSub-basin,SouthChinaSea,weobtainedtheelectricalstructureprofileofresidualspreadingridgesupto100kmdeep,revealingthelithospherecrust-mantlestructureofSouthChinaSeaforthefirsttime.SurveyswerecarriedoutonthesandresourcesinthewestoffshoreareaofGancheng-YinggehaiTown,Hainan,withanestimateofabout2.7billionm3ofprospectiveresources.2.MarineoilandgassurveySurveyscontinuedonoilandgasresourcesinnewareasandnewstrataintheseaareasunderthejurisdictionofChina.Evaluationwasmadeon50localstructuresinSouthYellowSea;5favorablestructuraltrapswerepreferred;1oilandgassurveyparameterwellinthemesozoicerathem,NortheastoftheSouthChinaSeawastargeted.3potentialblocksforoilandgasexplorationinthenorthernSouthChinaSeawerepreferredtosupportthereformoftheoilandgassystem.SurveyswerecarriedoutonoilandgasresourcesinkeyareasofSouthChinaSea,moreeffortsweremadetoconsolidatethebasicgeologicalsurveyonoilandgases,andoilandgasexplorationscopewasexpanded.3.Deep-seageologicalsurveyThethirdroundofChina-PakistanjointgeologicalsurveywascompletedinIndianOcean,basicgeologicalsurveyandresearchweresystematicallycarriedoutintheexclusiveeconomiczoneofPakistan,servingthedevelopmentofanall-weatherstrategicpartnershipbetweenChinaandPakistan.The11thvoyageofdeep-seageologicalsurveywascompleted,and27,000km2ofdeep-searareearthpospectingtargetsintheWesternPacificand50,000km2ofcobalt-richnodulesenrichmentareaweredelineated;4differentgradientsofdeep-searareearthreferencematerialsweredevelopedfordeclarationasnationalreferencematerials.ResearchwasmadeonthemineralresourcesinthewatersoftheArcticandkeygeologicalscienceissues,andtheAtlasofMarineGeology,MineralResourcesandEnvironmentintheArcticwereprepared.6ChinaMineralResources2022ChapterIIMineralResourcesTilltheendofyear2021,atotalof173kindsofmineralresourceshavebeendiscoveredinChina,including13kindsofenergyminerals,59kindsofmetallicminerals,95kindsofnonmetallicmineralsand6kindsofwaterandgases.I.EnergyMineralsTable2-1ReservesofMainEnergyMineralsinChinain2021No.MineralsUnitReserves1CoalBilliontons207.892OilBilliontons3.693NaturalgasBillionm36339.274CoalbedmethaneBillionm3544.065ShalegasBillionm3365.97Note:Thedataforoilandgas(oil,naturalgas,coalbedmethane,andshalegas)reservesareremainingprovedtechnicallyrecoverablereservesasperClassificationsforPetroleumResourcesandReserves(GB/T19492-2020)andthoseofothermineralsarethetotalofprovedreservesandprobablereservesasperClassificationsforMineralResourcesandMineralReserves(GB/T17766-2020).7MineralResourcesChapterIIFig.2-1RegionalDistributionofMainEnergyMineralsinChinaTable2-2ReservesofMainMetallicMineralsinChinain2021No.MineralsUnitReserves1IronoreBilliontons16.122ManganeseoreMilliontons281.693ChromiteMilliontons3.094VanadiumMilliontonsofV2O57.875TitaniumMilliontonsofTiO2223.836CopperMilliontonsofmetal34.957LeadMilliontonsofmetal20.418ZincMilliontonsofmetal44.239BauxiteMilliontonsofore711.1410NickelMilliontonsofmetal4.2211CobaltMilliontonsofmetal0.1412TungstenMilliontonsofWO32.9513TinMilliontonsofmetal1.1314MolybdenumMilliontonsofmetal5.8515AntimonyMilliontonsofmetal0.6416GoldTonsofmetal2964.3717SilverTonsofmetal71783.6618Platinum-groupmetalsTonsofmetal87.6919StrontiumMilliontonsofcelestite24.6420LithiumMilliontonsofLi2O4.05II.MetallicMinerals0102030405060708090100OilCoalNaturalgasShalegasPercentagesofreservesSichuanShanxiGansuShaanxiHeilongjiangHebeiXinjiangInnerMongoliaGuizhouChongqing8ChinaMineralResources2022III.NonmetallicMineralsTable2-3ReservesofMainNonmetallicMineralsinChinain2021No.MineralsUnitReserves1MagnesiteMilliontonsofore579.912FluorsparMilliontonsofminerals67.253RefractoryclayMilliontonsofore284.894PyriteMilliontonsofore1318.715PhosphoriteBilliontonsofore3.766PotashMilliontonsofKCl284.257BoronrockMilliontonsofB2O311.198SodiumsaltBilliontonsofNaCl20.639MirabiliteBilliontonsofNa2SO437.8010BariteMilliontonsofore91.5511LimestoneforcementBilliontonsofore42.1112Glass-makingsiliceousrockBilliontonsofore1.6513GypsumBilliontonsofore2.1314KaolinMilliontonsofore752.4015BentoniteMilliontonsofore332.7216DiatomiteMilliontonsofore170.6217VeneergraniteBillionm31.7018VeneermarbleBillionm30.5319DiamondKilogramsofminerals183.1920CrystallinegraphiteMilliontonsofminerals78.2621AsbestosMilliontonsofminerals17.9022TalcMilliontonsofore71.7523WollastoniteMilliontonsofore64.399MineralResourcesChapterIIFig.2-3RegionalDistributionofMainNonmetallicMineralsinChinaFig.2-2RegionalDistributionofMainMetallicMineralsinChinaPercentagesofreservesIronoreLeadZincCopperManganeseBauxiteTungstenNickel0102030405060708090100LiaoningSichuanTibetInnerMongoliaGuangxiJiangxiHunanHenanGuizhouGansuQinghaiYunnanPercentagesofreserves0102030405060708090100FluorsparPhosphaterockCrystallinegraphiteBoronPotashJiangxiZhejiangHunanYunnanHubeiSichuanQinghaiLiaoningHeilongjiangInnerMongoliaXinjiangTibet10ChinaMineralResources2022ChapterIIIExplorationIn2021,China’sinvestmentinnon-oil-gasmineralexplorationincreasedforthefirsttimesince2013.BreakthroughsweremadeinoilandgasexplorationinOrdosBasin,DzungarBasin,TarimBasin,SichuanBasin,BohaiBayBasin,etc.Majorprogresswasmadeintheexplorationofnon-oil-gasmineralsincludingcoal,goldand“threerareminerals”.I.InvestmentsinGeologicalExplorationIn2021,theinvestmentsingeologicalexplorationwereRMB97.29billioninChina,upby11.6%fromthepreviousyear,includingRMB79.91billionofinvestmentinexplorationofoilandgas,upby12.5%;RMB17.38billionofinvestmentinexplorationofnon-oil-gasminerals,upby7.5%,andby1.0%from2019beforetheoutbreakofthepandemic,indicatingthefirstpositivegrowthsince2013(Fig.3-1).2787wellsweredrilledforexplorationofoilandgasandthedrillingfootagereached8.36millionm,downby5.7%and0.5%respectively;atotalof12,900-km2DseismicdatawasChapterIII11Explorationacquired,decreasedby57.0%;andatotalof37,700km23Dseismicdatawasacquired,decreasedby11.8%.Amongtheinvestmentsinexplorationofnon-oil-gasminerals,theinvestmentsinmineralexplorationwasRMB8.59billion,upby4.1%andaccountingfor49.4%ofthetotal;theinvestmentsinbasicgeologicalsurveywasRMB1.33billion,decreasedby33.2%andaccountingfor7.7%ofthetotal;theinvestmentsinhydrogeology,environmentalgeologyandgeologicaldisastersurveyandevaluationwasRMB4.59billion,upby33.0%andaccountingfor26.4%ofthetotal;theinvestmentsingeologicalscienceandtechnologyandcomprehensiveresearchwasRMB2.56billion,increasedby16.4%andaccountingfor14.7%ofthetotal;theinvestmentsingeologicaldataserviceandinformatizationwasRMB0.32billion,upby15.4%andaccountingfor1.8%ofthetotal(Fig.3-2).Amongtheinvestmentsinexplorationofnon-oil-gasminerals,thenationalfinancialinvestmentsreachedRMB11.85billion,accountingfor68.2%ofthetotal,includingRMB4.21billionfromthecentralgovernment,decreasedby9.1%andaccountingfor24.2%ofthetotal,andRMB7.64billionfromlocalgovernments,increasedby19.7%,accountingfor44.0%ofthetotal.TherewasRMB5.53billionofsocialinvestment,upby7.4%andaccountingfor31.8%ofthetotal(Fig.3-3).Theinvestmentsinexplorationofnon-oil-gasmineralsweredominatedbycoal,gold,lead-zinc,uraniumandcopper,totallyaccountingfor51.2%oftotalinvestmentsinmineralexploration.Comparedwith2020,investmentswereincreasedinsuchmineralsasironore,potash,phosphorite,andgraphite.Atotalof6.37millionmetersofdrillingwascompletedintheexplorationofnon-oil-gasminerals,ayear-on-yeargrowthof20.6%(Table3-1).In2021,theprovincialfundsinvestedingeologicalexplorationreachedRMB2.57billion,includingRMB1.76billioninmineralexploration,whichaccountsfor20.5%ofthetotalnationalinvestmentsinmineralexploration(RMB8.59billion)and39.9%ofthenationalfiscalinvestmentsinmineralexploration(RMB4.42billion).414mineralexplorationprojectswereimplemented,amongwhichgold,geothermalwater,copper,bauxiteand12ChinaMineralResources2022Fig.3-1InvestmentinGeologicalExplorationinChinafrom2011to2021Fig.3-2StructureofInvestmentinExplorationofNon-oil-GasMinerals(byCategory)Fig.3-3InvestmentStructureofNon-oil-GasGeologicalExploration(byFund)Geologicaldataserviceanddigitalization1.8%Geologicalscienceandtechnologyandcomprehensiveresearch14.7%Mineralexploration49.4%Basicgeologicalsurvey7.7%Hydrogeology,environmentalgeologyandgeologicaldisastersurveyandevaluation26.4%Investmentfromcentralgovernment24.2%Socialinvestment31.8%Investmentfromlocalgovernment44.0%0406010020801201402011201220132014201520162017201820192021Year2020Oil&gasNon-oil-gasRMBBillion67.4744.3578.6651.0274.1046.9972.1040.5960.0132.9052.7524.7319.8459.7517.3763.6616.1671.0217.2182.1317.3879.91ChapterIII13ExplorationTable3-1InvestmentsinExplorationofNon-oil-GasMineralsin2021MineralInvestmentRMBmillionYear-on-yeargrowth/%MetersdrilledmillionmetersYear-on-yeargrowth/%Nationwide85854.16.3720.6Coal134910.30.52-46.9Ironore43475.00.3575.0Manganeseore80-48.10.04-50.0Copper6556.90.33-2.9Lead-zinc595-7.20.6030.4Bauxite3045.60.29-9.4Nickel454.70.01-50.0Tungsten158-0.60.1525.0Tin38-50.60.040.0Molybdenum55-6.80.0525.0Gold10904.30.768.6Silver112-18.20.08-11.1Phosphorite14618.70.1011.1Graphite18013.90.1536.4Potash10221.40.0350.014ChinaMineralResources2022coalexplorationtookupthelargestsharesofinvestmentinadescendingorder.Atotalof85mineraldepositsweredelineatedundertheprovincialfundsinvestedingeologicalexploration,including35large,29middleand21smalldeposits.Resultsmainlyfocusedonthemineralsincludingcoal,fluorite,lead-zinc,graniteforconstruction,cementlimestone,gold,graphiteandgeothermalwater.II.ProgressinOilandGasExplorationMajorbreakthroughsweremadeinexplorationinnewstrata,newtypesandnewareasinOrdosBasin,DzungarBasin,TarimBasin,SichuanBasin,BohaiBayBasinandotherlargeoil-gas-bearingbasins.1.ConventionaloilandgasexplorationProgresswasmadeintheoilandgasexplorationinseveralbasins.InthecentralandeasternOrdosBasin,ahigh-yieldbreakthroughwasachievedinthesubsalthigh-pressuregasreservoirforthefirsttime.SeveralexploratorywellsintheeasternringbeltofFukangSagintheeasternJunggarBasinhaveachievedhighyield,showingthepotentialofmulti-layer3DexplorationinFukangSag.AnumberofwellsintheTarimBasinwerecharacterizedbyhigh-yieldoilandgasflow,and3newoil-gas-richfaultzoneswerediscoveredinFuman,realizingtheoveralloil-bearingconnectionbetweenthenorthandthemiddleoftheTarim.Withthelarge-scaleexplorationoftheCentralSichuanPaleohighintheSichuanBasin,atrillioncubicmetersofgasareaisemerging.TheKenli10-2oilandgasfieldintheBohaiSeahasbeenbuiltintothefirstshallowlithology100million-tonoilfieldinChina.IntheXinglongtectoniczoneoftheHetaoBasin,anew100million-tonproductionareawithhigh-quality,high-efficiencyandlarge-scalereserveshasbeenestablished.ChapterIII15Exploration2.UnconventionaloilandgasexplorationNewprogresswasmadeinshalegasexploration.InrelationtoSichuanBasin,evaluationwasmainlymadeontheshalegasinLuzhoublock,and513.80billioncubicmetersofnewlyprovengeologicalreservesand769.50billioncubicmetersofnewlypredictedreserves,formingthefirst1trillioncubicmetersofdeepshalegasreserveareainChina.Therewere550milliontonsofnewlyprovengeologicalreservesinQingchengChang-7oil-bearingbedintheOrdosBasin.MajornewprogresswasmadeintheunconventionaloilexplorationinGulong,DaqingintheSongliaoBasin,withnewpredictedgeologicalreservesof1.27billiontons.III.ProgressinExplorationofNon-oil-GasMineralsAtotalof95mineraldepositswerediscoveredthroughoutthecountry,including38large,34middleand23smalldeposits.Geothermalenergy(7deposits),veneergranite(7deposits),limestoneforcement(6deposits),graniteforconstruction(5deposits)andsandstonesforceramics(5deposits)rankedthetopfivemineralsintermsofnewlydiscoveredmineraldeposits.Stagedexplorationhasbeencompletedin338mineraldepositsinthecountry,including103generalsurveys,174detailedsurveys,and61explorationsites.Thetop5intermsofthenumberofmineraldepositsinwhichstagedexplorationhavebeencompletedinclude:coal(23deposits),limestoneforconstruction(20deposits),limestoneforcement(19deposits),iron(17deposits),andgold(12deposits).16ChinaMineralResources2022ChapterIVDevelopmentandUtilizationInChina’sminingindustry,fixed-assetinvestmentwasincreasedfromadeclinein2021,manifestedbythecontinuedgrowthoftheproductionvolumnofmajorminerals,continuouslyacceleratedoptimizationoftheenergyconsumptionstructure,andsignificantachievementintheconservationandintensiveandcomprehensiveutilizationofmineralresources.I.Fixed-assetInvestmentinMiningIndustryIn2021,fixed-assetinvestmentintheminingindustryincreased,fromadecline,by10.9%overthepreviousyear,andfellby14.1%fromthesameperiodin2020,whichwas6.0percentagepointshigherthanthenationalgrowthrateoffixedassetinvestment.Thefixed-assetinvestmentincoal,ferrousandnon-ferrousmetalminingincreasedby11.1%,26.9%and1.9%respectivelyoverthepreviousyear,andhasreturnedtothelevelbeforethepandemic;thefixed-assetinvestmentinoilandnaturalgasminingincreasedby4.2%overthepreviousyear,butdecreasedbyaboutonethirdfrom2019;thefixed-assetinvestmentinnon-metallicmininganddressingincreasedby26.9%overthepreviousyear,maintainingasustainedgrowthmomentum(Fig.4-1).ChapterIV17DevelopmentandUtilizationFig.4-2ProductionofPrimaryEnergyinChinaFig.4-1ChangesinMiningFixedAssetsInvestmentsinChina02004006008001000120014001600RMBbillionCoalOil&gasFerrousmetalsNon-ferrousmetalsNon-metalsOthers20112012201320142016201520192020201720182021YearBilliontonsofstandardcoalequivalentSelf-sufficiencyrate/%ProductionSelf-sufficiencyrate20152020201920162017201820112012201320140123542021Year506070809010018ChinaMineralResources2022II.ProductionandConsumptionofMineralProducts1.EnergyEnergyproductionwasincreasedinanacceleratedway.In2021,thetotalprimaryenergyproductionreached4.33billiontonsofcoalequivalent,anincreaseof6.2%overthepreviousyear(Fig.4-2).Intheenergyconsumptionmix,coal,oil,andnaturalgasaccountedfor67.0%,6.6%,and6.1%respectively,andnon-fossilenergysuchashydropower,nuclearpower,windpowerandphotovoltaicaccountedfor20.3%.Thetotalenergyconsumptionreached5.24billiontonsofcoalequivalent,anincreaseof5.2%.Theenergyself-sufficiencyratewas82.6%.China’senergyconsumptionmixhaskeptimproving.Intheenergyconsumptionmix,coal,oil,andnaturalgasaccountedfor56.0%,18.5%,and8.9%respectively,andnon-fossilenergysuchashydropower,nuclearpowerandwindpoweraccountedfor16.6%in2021.Comparedwiththepastdecade,theproportionofcoalinenergyconsumptiondecreasedby14.2percentagepoints,whiletheproportionofnon-fossilenergysuchashydropower,nuclearpowerandwindpowerincreasedby8.2percentagepoints(Fig.4-3).Chinaproduced4.13billiontonsofcoalin2021,increasedby5.7%overthepreviousyear,andconsumed4.23billiontonsofcoal,increasedby4.6%.199milliontonsofoilwereproduced,upby2.1%(Fig.4-4),and720milliontonsofoilwereconsumed,upby4.1%.207.58billioncubicmetersofnaturalgaswereproduced,increasedby7.8%,and369.00billioncubicmetersofnaturalgaswereconsumed,increasedby12.5%.2.MetalsIn2021,980milliontonsofironoreswereproduced,increasedby9.4%overthepreviousyear,andtheapparentconsumption(domesticproduction+netimports)ofironoreswas1.52billiontons(60%-gradeore);1.04billiontonsofcrudesteelwereproduced,downby2.8%(Fig.4-5).Amongthemainnonferrousmetallicminerals,theproductionofcopper,leadandzincinconcentrateswas1.86milliontons,1.55milliontonsand3.16milliontons,increasedby10.9%,16.9%and14.1%respectively.64.77milliontonsoftennon-ferrousmetalswereproduced,anincreaseof4.7%,including10.49milliontonsofrefinedcopper(anincreaseof4.6%)and38.50milliontonsofelectrolyticaluminum(anincreaseof3.8%).ChapterIV19DevelopmentandUtilizationFig.4-3PrimaryEnergyConsumptionStructureinChinaFig.4-4CrudeOilProductioninChina20142013201220112015201920162017201820202021YearCoalOilNaturalgasHydropower,nuclearpowerandwindpower100%80%60%40%20%0%MilliontonsGrowthrate/%-8%-4%0%4%8%ProductionGrowthrate2011201220132014201520202021Year201920162017201810014018022020ChinaMineralResources20223.NonmetalsIn2021,Chinaproduced102.90milliontonsofphosphaterocks(30%ofP2O5),increasedby13.8%overthepreviousyear,and2.38billiontonsofcement,decreasedby0.4%(Fig.4-6).III.ConservationandComprehensiveUtilizationofMineralResources1.Buildingacomplete“threerates”indicatorsystemTheresearchofthe“threerates”of36mineralssuchaspowderedquartzhasbeencompleted.Accordingtodifferentdeposittypes,miningmethodsandseparationprocesses,theminimumrequirementsof“ThreeRates”fortherationaldevelopmentandutilizationofmineralresourceswereproposed,andreleased.By2022,the“threerates”hadbeenformulatedandreleasedforatotalof124kindsofmineralresources,initiallycoveringallthemineralsinvolvedintheminesinproduction,andestablishingthefull“threerates”indicatorsystemformineralresourcesinChina.Incorporatethe“ThreeRates”indicatorsintotheconstructionofthestandardsystem,andtheLetteroftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonthe“ThreeRates”StandardResearchConcerningtheRationalDevelopmentandUtilizationofMineralResourceswasissued.2.ConductinganewroundoftechnologycatalogupdateofadvancedandapplicabletechnologiesTheLetterontheEvaluationofAdvancedandApplicableTechnologiesforConservationandComprehensiveUtilizationofMineralResourceswasissuedtostartanewroundofupdatingthecatalogofadvancedandapplicabletechnologies.Afterrecommendationandpreliminaryexaminationbyprovincialnaturalresourcesauthorities,ChinesecentralState-ownedenterprises,industryassociationsandunitsaffiliatedtotheChinaGeologicalSurvey,enterprisesandresearchinstitutes,etc.,andback-to-backindependentevaluationbyorganizedexpertsandexpertgroupmeeting,317advancedandapplicabletechnologieswerefinallyselectedfromthe425recommendedtechnologies,covering46geologicalexplorationtechnologies,82miningtechnologies,56mineralprocessingtechnologies,58comprehensiveutilizationtechnologies,30greenlow-carbontechnologiesand45digitalintelligenttechnologies,andCatalogofAdvancedandApplicableTechnologiesfortheConservationandComprehensiveUtilizationofMineralResources(2022Edition)finishedandannounced.ChapterIV21DevelopmentandUtilizationFig.4-5IronOresandCrudeSteelsProductioninChinaFig.4-6CementProductioninChinaBilliontons0.00.51.01.52.02011201220132014201520162017201820202021Year2019IronoreproductionCrudesteelproduction0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0Billiontons2011201220132014201520162017201820202021Year201922ChinaMineralResources2022Feature4-1Positiveachievementsinconservationandcomprehensiveutilizationofmineralresourcessincethe18thCPCNationalCongressSincethe18thCPCNationalCongress,thenaturalresourcesauthoritypromotedthecomprehensiveconservationandhigh-efficiencyutilizationofChina’smineralresourcesbyimplementingthedecisionsandarrangementsoftheCPCCentralCommittee,adheringtothebasicnationalpolicyofresourceconservationandenvironmentalprotection,takingresourceconservationandgreendevelopmentasthefundamentalandaseriesofmeasures,yieldingpositiveachievementsinthecomprehensiveutilizationofmineralresources.First,theOpinionsonPromotingtheComprehensiveConservationandEfficientUtilizationofMineralResourceswereissued,whichputforwardspecifictasksandrequirementsforstrengtheningexplorationanddevelopmentmanagement,researching,developing,promotingandapplyingadvancedandapplicabletechnologies,givingplaytothemandatoryandleadingroleofstandardsandnorms,andestablishinglong-termmechanism,andputtherequirementsofconservationandefficientutilizationthroughouttheprocessofmineralresourcesexplorationanddevelopment,establishingthedirectionforcomprehensiveconservationandefficientutilizationofmineralresourcesinthefuture.Second,togetherwiththeNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,theMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheNationalEnergyAdministration,theWorkPlanontheSurveyandEvaluationSystemfortheDevelopmentandUtilizationLevelofMineralResourceswasissued,initiallyestablishingthesurveyandevaluationsystemforthedevelopmentandutilizationlevelofmineralresources.Third,researchwasmadeontheminimumrequirementsof“ThreeRates”foratotalof124kindsofmineralresources,initiallycoveringallthemineralsinvolvedintheminesinproduction,establishingthefull“threerates”indicatorsystemformineralresourcesinChina,andlayingafoundationforstrengtheningthecomprehensiveutilization,evaluationandsupervisionofmineralresources.Fourth,asystemforpublishingthecatalogofadvancedandapplicabletechnologieswasestablished.TheformulationandreleaseoftheCatalogofAdvancedandApplicableTechnologiesfortheConservationandComprehensiveUtilizationofMineralResources(2019Edition)andCatalogofAdvancedandApplicableTechnologiesfortheConservationandComprehensiveUtilizationofMineralResources(2022Edition)playedapositiveroleinacceleratingthetransformationofadvancedtechnologies,realizingtheindustrialdevelopmentofcomprehensiveutilization,andimprovingtheutilizationefficiencyofmineralresources.EcologicalRehabilitationofMinesandGreenDevelopmentChapterV23ChapterVEcologicalRehabilitationofMinesandGreenDevelopmentEffortsweremadetoprepareaplanforecologicalrehabilitationofminesduringthe14thFive-YearPlanperiod,andcarryouttheinspectionsofhistoricalmines.Moreemphasiswasputontheecologicalrehabilitationofhistoricalminesinkeyriverbasinsandareas.TheSpecificationforGreenGeologicalSurveyandMineralExplorationwasimplementedandpublicized,andprojectsfordemonstrationofgreenexplorationwerefurthercarriedout.Throughlookingbackongreenmines,theconstructionofgreenmineswaspushedforwardwithhighquality.I.EcologicalRehabilitationofMines1.Preparingforthelong-termecologicalrehabilitationofminesduringandafterthe14thFive-YearPlanperiodKeyprojectsconcerningecologicalrestorationofminesweredeployedinthe6specialplansundertheOverallPlanfortheMajorProjectsofKeyNationalEcosystemProtectionand24ChinaMineralResources2022Rehabilitation(2021-2035).TheActionPlanforEcologicalRehabilitationofHistoricalMinesDuringthe“14thFive-YearPlan”periodwasprepared.Inspectionsweremadeonhistoricalminesthroughoutthecountry.Togetherwithrelevantdepartments,guidancewasgivenforthesurveyandevaluationoftheecologicaldamageandpollutionofhistoricalminesintheYellowRiverwatershedinthe9provinces(regions)alongtheYellowRiver.2.StrengtheningtheecologicalrehabilitationofhistoricalminesinkeyriverbasinsandareasGuidancewasprovidedforrelevantprovincestoscientificallyorganizetheecologicalrehabilitationofhistoricalminesinthekeyareasoftheQinghai-TibetPlateauandalongtheYellowRiver.Effortsweremadetostrengthenprojectsystemconstructionandperformancetargetmanagement.Workcontinuedontheexplorationoftheconstructionofamarket-orientedmechanism,andtypicalcasesontheecologicalrehabilitationofmineswerereleasedattheCOP15conferenceoftheConventionontheConservationofBiologicalDiversitytoguidethepilotdemonstrationinqualifiedareas.ResearchwascarriedoutonsuchmajorissueasecologicalrehabilitationofminesintypicalareassuchastheYellowRiverwatershedandtheLijiangRiverwatershed.Technicalspecificationsforecologicalrehabilitationofmines(GeneralRules)andspecialrulesforindividualmineralswereformulated.II.GreenExploration1.ImplementingandpromotingtheindustrialstandardsforgreenexplorationSincetheSpecificationforGreenGeologicalSurveyandMineralExplorationwasimplementedonJuly1,2021,actionshavebeentakentoactivelyguidetheformulationoflocalgreenexplorationstandardsinShandong,Qinghai,etc.,andimplementtherequirementsforgreenexploration,andadheretothegreenexplorationconceptthroughouttheprocessofdesign,construction,environmentalrestoration,inspectionandacceptanceofgeologicalexplorationEcologicalRehabilitationofMinesandGreenDevelopmentChapterV25projects.TheSpecificationforQualityManagementofGeologicalExplorationActivitiesisbeingmodified.2.PushingforwardthegreenexplorationdemonstrationprojectsInaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheNoticeoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonImplementingtheGreenExplorationDemonstrationProjects,throughselectionanddeclarationbytheprovincialnaturalresourcesauthorityandexpertreview,theMinistryofNaturalResourcesannouncedthesecondbatchofgreenexplorationdemonstrationprojectscovering77projectsincluding“Pre-FeasibilityExplorationofHotDryRockGeothermalResourcesinYanggaoCounty-TianzhenCounty,ShanxiProvince”.III.ConstructionofGreenMines1.Activelypromotingtheconstructionofgreenminesinregions26provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities)putemphasisontheconstructionofgreenminesasapartofmineralresourcesmanagement,andhaveissuedlocalregulationsornormativedocuments,suchastheregulationsongreenminemanagementreleasedbyOrdosinInnerMongoliaandBenxiinLiaoning.15provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities)haveissuedlocalstandardsforgreenmines.29provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities)haveissuedgreenminemanagementmeasures,constructionoractionplansjointlydraftedbyprovincialpeople’sgovernmentsorseveraldepartments,bureaus,commissionsandoffices.Forexample,JiangxiissuedtheGreenMineManagementMeasuresinJiangxiProvince(Trial);LiaoningandZhejiangissuedtheThree-YearActionPlanforGreenMineConstructioninLiaoningProvince(2022-2024)andtheThree-YearActionPlanforFurtherImprovementofGreenMineQualityinZhejiangProvince(2021-2023)respectively.26ChinaMineralResources20222.Carryingoutgreenmine“lookingback”workAllregionsneedtoseriouslyfollowthestandardsrequirementstocarryoutcomprehensivegreenmine“lookingback”work,andallgreenminesshallbeverifiedonthespotonebyone.Guidingmineswithproblemstodevelopcorrectivemeasures,rectificatingimmediatelyorwithinatimelimit;greenminesthatdonotmeetthestandardrequirementsandhavenotcompletedtherectification,willberesolutelyremovedfromthenationalgreenminelist.Wewillrectify,improveandremoveonebatchofeach,andcomprehensivelyconsolidateandimprovetheachievementsofgreenmineconstruction,andcontinuetopromotegreenmineconstructionwithhighquality.Feature5-1Achievementsintheconstructionofgreenminessincethe18thCPCNationalCongressSincethe18thCPCNationalCongress,theconstructionofgreenmineshasbecomeanimportantplatformandvividpracticeforpromotingtheconstructionofecologicalcivilizationintheminingfieldfromtheinitiativeexploration,tothepilotdemonstrations,andthentothejointpromotion.In2018,greenmineconstructionstandardsandspecificationswerereleasedfor9industriesincludingnon-ferrousmetalsandcoal,andlocalstandardsweredevelopedandpublishedin15provincesaccordingtolocalconditions,showingthesubstantialestablishmentofgreenminestandards.Nationalgreenmineselectionwascarriedoutin2019and2020.Therearemorethan1100national-levelgreenminesinChina.In2020,itwasplannedtodevelop50greenminesintodemonstrationzones.Sincetheconstructionofgreenmines,ithasplayedagreatroleinpromotingtheconservationandefficientutilizationofresources,ecologicalrehabilitationandgovernance,andbuildingaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenminingcommunities,andcontributedtotheecologicalcivilizationconstructionintheminingindustryinpractice.PoliciesandRegulationsonMineralResourcesChapterVI27ChapterVIPoliciesandRegulationsonMineralResourcesThelegislationandregulationhavebeenfurtherstrengthenedintheexplorationanddevelopmentofmineralresource,modificationtotheMineralResourcesLawcontinuiouslypromoted,theRegulationsonGroundwaterManagementpublishedandimplemented,newrequirementsfortheprofessionalqualificationofminingrightsappraisersregulated,andtheusescopeoftemporarylandrelatedtogeologicalexplorationdelineated.I.LawsandRegulationsWorkcontinuedontherevisionoftheMineralResourcesLaw.Since2021,theMinistryofNaturalResources,incooperationwiththeMinistryofJustice,hascarriedoutworksuchassolicitingopinions,fieldresearch,expertdiscussions,anddepartmentcoordination,andfurtherrevisedandimprovedtheMineralResourcesLaw(RevisedDraft).TheRegulationsonGroundwaterManagementwasapprovedatthe149thexecutivemeetingoftheStateCouncildatedSeptember15,2021,publishedonOctober29,2021,andimplementedfromDecember1,2021.AccordingtotheRegulations,thecompetentnaturalresourcesandotherdepartmentsoftheStateCouncilshallsurveyandmonitorgroundwaterandcarryoutotherrelatedworkaccordingtotheresponsibilitiesoftheirdivisions;thecompetentnatural28ChinaMineralResources2022resourcesandotherdepartmentsoflocalpeople’sgovernmentsatandabovethecountylevelshallsurveyandmonitorgroundwaterandcarryoutotherrelatedworkintherelatedadministrativeregionsaccordingtotheresponsibilitiesoftheirdivisions.II.RulesandReformsOnApril11,2022,theNoticeoftheMinistryofNaturalResources,NationalAdministrationofStateSecretsProtectionontheIssuanceof<RulesontheManagementofConfidentialGeologicalInformation>wasissuedtofurtherstrengthenthemanagementofclassifiedgeologicalinformationandrelatedregulations,whichimprovedthepolicyofgradedandclassifiedmanagementofgeologicalinformation,refinedthequalificationofusersofclassifiedgeologicalinformationandthescopeofuse,strengthenedtheconfidentialitymanagementofusersandunits,simplifiedtheserviceprocess,andconfirmedtoinspectthemanagementofconfidentialgeologicalinformation,sothatthemanagementofclassifiedgeologicalinformationisconsistentwiththerelevantrequirementsofthecurrentconfidentialitylawsandregulations.OnNovember23,2021,theNationalVocationalQualificationCatalog(2021Edition)wasannounced,specifyingthatmineralrightsappraisersareprofessionalqualificationsforlevelevaluation.InMay2022,theNoticeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesontheIssuanceof<TentativeProvisionsoftheminingrightsappraisersProfessionalQualificationSystem>and<ImplementationMeasuresoftheminingrightsappraisersProfessionalQualificationExamination>wasissuedtomakenewrequirementsfortheprofessionalqualificationrulesforminingrightsappraisers,andspecifyingthatestablishmentofaprofessionalqualificationrulesforthelevelevaluationofmineralrightsappraisers.TheMinistryofNaturalResourcesisresponsibleforformulatingtheprofessionalqualificationrulesformineralrightsappraisers,andguiding,supervisingandinspectingtheimplementationoftheprofessionalqualificationrulesformineralrightsappraisers.CAMRAisresponsiblefortheevaluationandmanagementoftheprofessionalqualificationsofmineralrightsappraisers.OnNovember4,2021,theNoticeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonRegulatingtheManagementofTemporaryLandUsewasissued,furtherclarifyingandspecifyingthedetailsoftemporarylanduse.Landusedfortemporarylivingrooms,temporaryworksheds,explorationoperationsandtheirauxiliaryworks,accessways,transportationroads,etc.,includingthePoliciesandRegulationsonMineralResourcesChapterVI29landusedfordrillingandsupportingfacilitiessuchasdrillingwellsites,supportingpipelines,powerfacilities,andaccessways,canbedefinedasthescopeoftemporarylandinthemineralresourcesexploration,engineeringgeologicalexploration,andhydrogeologicalexploration.III.TaxesonMineralResourcesIn2021,thenationalresourcestaxrevenues,whichaccountedfor1.32%ofthenationaltaxrevenues,totaledRMB228.8billionandupby30.4%yearonyear.In2021,thegrantingofprospectingrights,miningrightsconcessionwas138.83billionyuan.TheMinistryofFinanceandtheStateTaxationAdministrationissuedtheAnnouncementonExtendingtheImplementationPeriodofSomePreferentialTaxPolicies,extendingtheimplementationperiodtoDecember31,2023afterthereductionoftheshalegastaxby30%expiredonMarch31,2021.TheMinistryofFinance,theMinistryofNaturalResources,theStateTaxationAdministration,andthePeople’sBankofChinajointlyissuedtheNoticeontheTransferofGovernment’sNon-taxIncomeIncludingproceedsfromthegrantingofState-ownedLandUseRights,SpecialIncomefromMineralResources,SeaAreaUseFund,andUninhabitedIslandUseFundtoTaxAuthoritiesforCollection,clarifyingthatallthespecialincomefrommineralresourcescollectedbythenaturalresourcesdepartmentshouldbetransferredtothetaxauthoritiesforcollectionfromJanuary1,2022.TheRegulationsonGroundwaterManagementstipulatethetaxationonwaterresources,andrequirethelevyofwatertaxesonapilotbasisonfirmsandindividualswhoextractandusegroundwater.Thegroundwatertaxesaresubjecttodifferentialtaxratesaccordingtothelocalgroundwaterconditions,thetypeofwaterusedandeconomicdevelopment,andthechargestandardisreasonablyraised.Wherewaterresoucestaxesarelevied,waterfeesshallnotbelevied;provinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentwherenowatertaxeshavebeenleviedonapilotbasis,thechargestandardforgroundwatershallbehigherthanthatforsurfacewater.Thechargestandardfortheareaswheregroundwaterwasover-exploitedshallbehigherthanthatforthenon-over-exploitedareas,andthechargestandardfortheareaswheregroundwaterwasseriouslyover-exploitedshallbemuchhigherthanthatforthenon-over-exploitedareas.30ChinaMineralResources2022ChapterVIIMineralResourcesManagementSupportsweregiventopushforwardtheformulationandimplementationofmineralresourceplansatalllevels.ThesupervisionandserviceplatformwasenabledforthegeologicalexplorationindustryofChina.Effortsweremadetopushforwardthefullimplementationofreformmeasuresforthemanagementofmineralreserves,buildinternalsupervisionmechanismformineralreservesreviewandstatisticquality,andpromotetheconstructionofreservemanagementinformationsystems.Theregulationsonregistrationofthegrantingofminingrightswerereleased,facilitatingthedisclosureoftheregistrationinformationofminingrightstransfer.Provisionsweremadetostrictlynormalizetheapprovalprocedureforexcavation,inwardandoutwardofpaleontologicalfossils,andreplacementwasmadewithanewtermoftheNationalPaleontologicalFossilExpertCommittee.I.MineralResourcesPlanningAnewroundofnationalmineralresourceplanwaspreparedandimplemented,andactionsweretakentodevelopmineralresourceplansfor31provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities),XinjiangProductionandConstructionCorps,morethan300prefecturesandMineralResourcesManagementChapterVII31cities,andmorethan1,500counties.TheMinistryofNaturalResourcesissuedthetechnicalpointsoftheTechnicalRegulationsforCompilationofProvincialoveralPlansonMineralResourcesandtheKeyPointsforCompilationofCityandCountyleveloveralPlansonMineralResources,aswellasthePlanningDatabaseStandards,thePlanningLegendsandotherstandards.Thecompilationoftheplansatprovincial,cityandcountylevelsarepushedforwardinanorderlyway,andmineralresourcesgeneralplansatalllevelsarebeingissuedandimplemented.II.GeologicalExplorationManagement1.BasicsituationofgeologicalexplorationsectorIn2021,thereweremorethan2,500non-oil-gasexplorationfirmsnationwide,withabout428.30thosandemployees,ayear-on-yeargrowthof5.6%,andwithatotalrevenueofaboutRMB404.70billion,ayear-on-yeargrowthof22.6%.Thedevelopmentofnon-oil-gasexplorationshowsthecharacteristicsof“threeincreasesandonedecrease”:thesteadyincreasesinthesizeoftheindustryteam,thetotalincomeperunitandpercapitawages,andthedecreaseinthenetvalueofspecialequipmentforgeologicalexploration.2.NationalgeologicalexplorationsupervisionserviceplatformlaunchedOnDecember27,2021,thenationalgeologicalexplorationsupervisionserviceplatformwaslaunched.Bytheplatform,thecompetentdepartmentofgeologicalexplorationregularlyorganizedthegeologicalexplorationcompaniestofillin,reportandpublicizethelatter’sbasicinformation,geologicalexplorationactivitiesandotherinformation,etc.,publicizetheinformationofsupervisionandinspection,implementthemanagementoftheabnormalitylistandthelistofseriouslyuntrustworthyentities,andestablishanewregulatorymechanismbasedoncreditconstraint.AsofJune30,2022,morethan5,000geologicalexplorationunitaccountshavebeenregisteredonthenationalgeologicalexplorationsupervisionserviceplatform,inwhich4,100havebeenpublicized.Positiveprogresshasbeenmadeintheconstructionofthesupervisionserviceplatform.32ChinaMineralResources20223.SupervisionandmanagementofgeologicaldisasterpreventionandcontrolactivitiesOversightthroughtherandomselectionofbothinspectorsandinspectiontargetsandthepromptreleaseofresultsforpreventionandcontrolofgeologicaldisasterswasimplementednationwide.OnMay2021,theMinistryofNaturalResourcesissuedtheNoticeonOversightthroughtheRandomSelectionofBothInspectorsandInspectionTargetsandthePromptReleaseofResultsforPreventionandControlofGeologicalDisasters,requiringtheimplementationofoversightthroughtherandomselectionofbothinspectorsandinspectiontargetsandthepromptreleaseofresultsforpreventionandcontrolofgeologicaldisasters.In2021,atotalof589qualifiedunitswererandomlyselectedforinspectionacrossthecountry,and47unitsinwhichproblemswerefoundinthe2020inspectionwerere-examined.Theinspectionfocusesonthreeaspects,includinglegalcomplianceofgeologicaldisasterpreventionandcontrolactivities,managementandprofessionalcapabilities,andoperationsafety.Theinspectionresultsshowedthatnoobviousproblemswerefoundin522units,and67needtocorrecttheirproblems.III.MineralReservesManagementActionsweretakentopushforwardthereformofmineralreservesmanagement.Theinternalmonitoringmechanismwasbuiltformineralreservesreviewandstatisticquality.Effortsweremadetopromotetheconstructionofreservemanagementinformationsystems.1.ReformofreviewingandfilingofmineralreservespromotedComprehensivemeasuresweretakentoimplementthereservemanagementreformrequirements,superviseandtracktheimplementationinallregions.Multi-levelinvestigationand5470questionnaireswereorganizedandcollected,fullyandobjectivelycompletetheevaluationreportonreservesmanagementreform.Arequestwasproposedtotheprovinceswhereproblemswerefoundforcorrectionwithinthespecifiedperiod.Dailymonitoringmechanismwasbuiltforthereviewquality,andtheWorkPlanforSupervisionandGuidanceofMineralReservesReviewQualitywasissued,supervisionandguidancewerecarriedoutforthereviewofmineralreservesinsomeprovinces.ThemanagementsystemforreviewingandMineralResourcesManagementChapterVII33filingofmineralreserveswasincludedintothe“OneMapofNaturalResources”platform,andnationalreviewandfilingdatasharingmechanismwasbuilt.2.StatisticqualityofmineralreservesunderthenewclassificationstandardimprovedTheemergingsituationandrequirementsofstatisticalworkwasinvestegated,detailedplanswereformulatedforthedataconversionfromoldtonewclassificationsystem,trackingguidance,jointreviewofdataandqualitycontrol.Toimprovethequalityofstatisticsandbetterunderstanddomesticresources,dailymonitoringmechanismwasestablishedforstatisticquality,andtheGuidelinesforMonitoringoftheStatisticQualityofMineralReserveswereissued,datacleaning,on-sitekeyinspectionsandcomprehensiveassessmentswereimplementedinprovinces,andstatisticsof2021mineralresources&reservecompleted.Guidancewasgiventoallprovincesforstrengtheningthe“Internet+GovernmentServices”,theframeworkofnationalmineralreservesmanagementinformationsystemdesigned,andthesystemconstructionstarted.IV.MiningRightsManagementReformstostreamlinethegovernment,delegatepower,andimprovegovernmentserviceshavebeencontinuiouslydeepenedontheregistrationofminingrights,the“Cross-provincialRegistration”serviceandtheapplicationofelectronicmininglicensehavebeenpromoted,soastoimprovetheservicesonminingrights.1.SettingofminingrightsAsoftheendofDecember2021,10,202explorationrightswereregisterednationwide,witharegisteredareaof2.69millionkm2,downby1.6%and2.9%yearonyearrespectively;32,536miningrightswereregisterednationwide,witharegisteredareaof276,000km2,downby6.1%andupby7.3%yearonyearrespectively.34ChinaMineralResources20222.RegulationsonregistrationofminingrightstransferpromulgatedInDecember2021,theMinistryofNaturalResourcesissuedtheRegulationsonRegistrationoftheTransferofMiningRights(Trial),specifyingtheminingrightstransferprocessatministeriallevel,includingblockselection,procedures,thesigningofcontracts,registrationrequirements,theissuanceofminingrightscertificateandotheroperations.3.RegistrationinformationonminingrightstransferpublicizedfurtherIn2021,4786piecesofpublicinformationontheregistrationofminingrightstransferwerepublishedviatheministry’sportalwebsite,including1910noticesconcerningtransferbytender,auctionandlisting,1430noticesofresultsofgrantingbytender,auctionandlisting,202noticesofagreement-basedassignment,658noticesoftransfer,and586piecesofnewminingrightacceptanceinformation.4.MiningrightgovernmentalserviceslevelimprovedInNovember2021,theNoticeoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesontheRequirementsforUnifyingtheNamesofthe“Cross-provincialRegistration”MattersundertheMiningRights-relatedGovernmentServiceswasissuedtoguidetheprovincialcompetentdepartmentofnaturalresourcesforunifyingthenamesofthe“cross-provincialregistration”matterssubjecttotheapprovalforexplorationandexploitationofmineralresources,andtobetterservetheholdersofminingrights.V.CreditManagementforMiningRightHoldersTheannualinformationdisclosureofexplorationanddevelopmentbyminingrightsholders,applicationofspotcheckwithanoversightmodelofrandominspectionandpublicrelease,andthemanagementoftheexceptionlistandthelistofseriousviolations,etc.,havebeenorganizedandcompleted.Theinformationdisclosuresystemhasbeeneffectiveinimprovingtheefficiencyofgovernmentsupervision,expandingsocialsupervisionandstrengtheningtheroleofcorporatecreditconstraints.MineralResourcesManagementChapterVII35Accordingtothenationalminingrightholderexplorationandmininginformationdisclosuresystem,thenationalpublicdisclosurerateofexplorationrightsin2021was98.9%,andthenationalpublicdisclosurerateofminingrightswas99.1%.Asoftheendof2021,thespotcheckrateofnaturalresourcesauthoritiesatalllevelswas8%forexplorationrightsand12.9%forminingrights.Bytheendof2021,508miningrightswereincludedintheexceptionlistand55miningrightsweremovedoutoftheexceptionlist.Therewere141explorationrightslistedintheexceptionlist,involving121miningrightsholders.367miningrightslistedintheexceptionlist,involving360miningrightsholders.VI.PaleontologicalFossilsProtectionManagementStrictactionsweretakentonormalizetheapprovalprocedureforexcavation,inwardandoutwardofpaleontologicalfossils.5excavationprojectsand1inwardandoutwardprojectwereapproved.TheidentificationandrecoverywereorganizedforsuspectedChinesepaleontologicalfossilsinterceptedabroad,andtheNationalInter-MinisterialJointConferenceonComprehensiveManagementofAnti-smugglingandtheInter-ministerialJointConferenceonCulturalRelicsSafetywereassisted.10timesofidentificationofinvolvedfossilsseizedbypublicsecurity,customsandotherdepartmentshasbeenparticipated,with1639samplesidentified.TheidentificationofsuspectedChinesepaleontologicalfossilsabroadwerecarriedoutfor2times.ReplacementwasmadewiththenewtermofNationalPaleontologicalFossilExpertCommittee,thefourthNationalPaleontologicalFossilExpertCommitteewasestablished,andtheprovincialpaleontologicalfossilexpertcommitteewasestablishedbythewayofdemonstrationandguidance.36ChinaMineralResources2022ChapterVIIIGeologicalDataManagementandServicesThecompetentdepartmentsofnaturalresourcesandgeologicaldatacollectionagenciesatalllevelsacrossthecountrycontinuedtoaccumulateawealthofgeologicaldataresources,submittedallthegeologicaldataonoilandgas,expandedthepublicaccessandsharingofgeologicaldata,andstrengthenedthegeologicaldatainformationconstruction.I.GeologicalDataManagementSystemInordertofurtherimplementtherequirementsofthereformstostreamlinethegovernment,delegatepower,andimprovegovernmentservices,theNoticeoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonFurtherStandardizingtheManagementofGeologicalDataRepatriationwasissuedtofurtherstandardizeandimprovethemanagementsystemofgeologicaldataintermsofstrengtheningthesupervisionofgeologicaldatasubmission,constructingtheintegritysystemofgeologicaldatasubmissionandstandardizingtherequirementsofgeologicaldatasubmission,whicheffectivelyreducestheburdenofGeologicalDataManagementandServicesChapterVIII37submitterandprovidesinstitutionalguaranteeforthegoodmanagementandserviceofgeologicaldata.II.GeologicalDataCollection1.AchievementsandoriginalgeologicaldataBytheendof2021,geologicaldatacollectioninstitutionsattheministerialandprovinciallevelshadatotalcollectionof694.80thousandfilesand17.98millionpiecesofgeologicaldataachievements,56.60thousandfilesand3.27millionpiecesoforiginalgeologicaldata.Inaddition,theentrustedunitmaintainedatotalof3.32millionfilesand10.12millionpiecesoforiginalgeologicaldata.2.PhysicalgeologicalmaterialsBytheendof2021,geologicaldatacollectioninstitutionsattheministerialandprovinciallevelskeptatotalof2.92millionmetersofcores,260.30thousandbagsofcuttings,108.60thousandspecimens,256.80thousandpiecesofpolishedthinsection,and7.41millionbags/bottlesofsamples.Theentrustedunitmaintainedatotalof1.62millionmetersofcoresand39.33millionbagsofcuttings.III.GeologicalDataServices1.CollectionserviceGeologicaldatacollectioninstitutionsattheministerialandprovinciallevelsreceived17.70thousandusers,provideddatautilizationservicesfor13.22milliontimes,36.23TBofdatareplication,and11.85milliongeologicaldatacatalogsonline.Forthecollectioninstitutionsatalllevels,thenumberofgeologicaldatawebsiteservicevisitsreached6.01million.Weactivelypromoted“OnlineOrderingandApplication”,andprovidedbusinessconsultingandborrowingservicesviatheInternet,telephone,mailandothermeans.Wefurtherpushed38ChinaMineralResources2022forwardsocialservices,andactivelyprovidedspecialservicesfortheconstructionofmajornationalprojects,resourcesecurity,planpreparation,ecologicalrehabilitation,andearthquakerelief.Thedisclosureofinformationongeologicaldatamanagementandserviceshasbeenpromotedinanorderlymanner.2355deliveryvoucherinformationofgeologicaldataofprospectingrightswereprovidedtothenationale-governmentinformationsharingandexchangeplatformin2021.Wereleased7.68millionarchive-levelandfile-levelcatalogsofgeologicaldatafrom31provinces(autonomousregions,municipalities),andpublicized111.00thousandpiecesofinformationsuchassubmissionvouchers,datareminders,andabnormalitylists.TheportalwebsiteoftheNationalGeologicalArchivesDataCenterhasbeenlaunched,providingmorethan200thousandgeologicaldatacollectionsandonlineservicesformorethan4,700domesticandinternationalgeologicalmaps,andpublishingtwenty-two1:50,000regionalgeologicalsurveydatasets.Thenationaldigitalcoresystemhasbeenputintooperationonline;therewere20,000metersofadditionalcoreimagedataamongtheimportantphysicalimages,330thousandpiecesofnationalphysicalcatalogdataupdated,50thousandadditionalimportantboreholedata,and50newphysicalgeologicaldatainformationproductsreleased,whichgreatlyimprovedthephysicalgeologicaldatasharingservicelevel.2.GeologicalcloudserviceStructureddatawerelaunchedtoserve100thousandimportantgeologicalboreholes;originalpointdataongeologicalsurveyweresharedoncloud;1:1,500,000geologicalmapspatialdatawaslaunchedtoachievefullcoverageofgeologicalmapdataon6majorscalesbetween1:200,000-1:2,500,000;themedium-scaleaeromagneticdata(679pieces),geochemicaldata(2.70millionsurveypoints)inlandareasnationwidewerefullyintegratedintothecloud;morethan2.20millionpiecesofdatafrom10,171nationalgroundwatermonitoringsiteswereGeologicalDataManagementandServicesChapterVIII39usedtoprovideonlinesocialservices.Morethan5,000piecesofinformationproducts,780thousandpiecesofremotesensingdata,200thousandpiecesofgeologicaldata,anddigitalproductson800thousandmetersofimportantcorewerenewlyreleased.In2021,“GeologicalCloud”has85thousandregisteredusers,with4.83millionvisits,800thousandviewsand369thousanddownloadsofdataproducts.Itssocialsatisfactionandrecognitionwereconstantlyimproving.Feature8-1AchievementsofGeologicalDataManagementsincethe18thCPCNationalCongressSincethe18thCPCNationalCongress,thesystemofgeologicaldatamanagementhasbeenvigorouslystrengthened,theRegulationsontheManagementofGeologicalDatarevised,theMeasuresontheManagementofPhysicalGeologicalData,theNoticeonStrengtheningtheManagementofGeologicalData,andtheGuidanceOpinionsonFurtherStrengtheningtheSocializationServiceofGeologicalData,etc.issued,andthemanagementofthethreemajorcategoriesofgeologicaldata(result,originalandphysicalmaterials)furtherstandardized.Thesubmissionrateofgeologicaldatahasincreasedto91%in2021from32%in2012;thenationalcollectionstockhasexceeded30millionpiecesandthephysicalrockcoreshaveexceeded4.5millionmeters;3.58millionpiecesofoilandgasgeologicaldatahavebeensubmitted;thedigitizationof10.41millionpiecesofhistoricalpaperofgeologicaldatahasbeencompletedandallthedatainthecollectionhasbeendigitized;theNationalGeologicalArchivesDataCenterandtheunifiedmanagementserviceplatformhavebeenestablishedtomonitortheonlineprocessandprovidetimelygovernmentservices.In2021,morethan15millionpiecesofgeologicaldataandonlinebrowsingserviceswereprovided.Geologicaldatamanagementhasmadebreakthroughprogresswiththejointeffortsofnaturalresourcesauthoritiesandgeologicaldatacollectioninstitutionsatalllevels.40ChinaMineralResources2022ChapterIXScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResourcesIn2021,significantscientificandtechnologicalachievementsweremadeinthefieldofmineralresources;8nationalstandardsand115industrialstandardswerepublishedandimplementedinthefieldofgeologyandmineralresources.I.TechnologicalMilestonesinFieldofMineralResources1.MajorimprovementsNewprogresshasbeenmadeinthedevelopmentofatheoreticalmethodforintelligentpredictionofdeepmineralresources.Atheoreticalmethodologyhasbeenproposedforthepredictionofdeepmineralresourcesbasedonthe“ternary”bigdata,suchasprospectingmodel-3Dmodeling-quantitativeprediction,andadeepcomprehensiveinformationpredictionandevaluationplatformhasbeenestablished.ScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResourcesChapterIX41Breakthroughshavebeenachievedinthedevelopmentofkeytechnologiesofcyclicallyconnectedheating,reservoirmonitoringandevaluation,andhigh-efficiencypowergenerationfortheexplorationandpilotproductionofhotdryrocksintheGongheBasininQinghai.Adualcontroltechnologyhasbeendevelopedforinducedearthquakesbasedonreal-timemonitoringanddynamicriskassessment,withcontrolofwellheadpressureandaccumulatedfluidvolumeasthecore.Majorprogresshasbeenmadeindeep-seadetectiontechnology.Keytechnologiesfordeep-seahigh-precisiondetectionhavebeendeveloped,andthedeep-waterdouble-vesseltowedmarineelectromagneticdetectiontechnologyhasbeenformedthroughindependentinnovation.2.MajorachievementsByactivelydrivingtheimplementationofnationalscienceandtechnologyplanningprojects,suchasthenationalkeyresearchanddevelopmentplans,anumberofimportantresultshavebeenyielded.Naturalgashydratefineexplorationtechnologysystemandcomprehensiveevaluationsystemforpilotproductiontargetshavebeenestablished;adaptabilityevaluationmethodhasbeeninnovatedforproductiontechnology;technologiesofsafedrilling,sandflowmanagementandcontrol,pilotproduction,andplatformoptimizationdesignhavebeencreated;afour-in-oneenvironmentalmonitoringsystemhasbeendevelopedforpilotproduction.Researchonmetallogeniclawofpotashorefieldsanddemonstrationofdeepexplorationtechnologyhaveachievedabreakthroughinprospectingandincreasingreserves.Twonewlargepotashresourcesites,Dalangtan-HeibeiSaginwesternQaidamandPuguanginnortheasternSichuan,havebeendiscovered.3favorablepotassiumprospectiveareashavebeendelineated,offeringastrongguaranteeforexpandingthedeeppotashresourcepotential.Significantachievementshavebeenmadeinthedeepexplorationtechnologyandreserveincreasedemonstrationofthemetallogenicsystemintheimportantmineralresourcebasesof42ChinaMineralResources2022theQinghai-TibetPlateau.Thereisacompletesetoftechnicalcapabilitiesfordeepresourceexplorationinthemetallogenicsystemoftheporphyry-skarn-epihydrothermaldeposit,and10deepprospectingtargetshavebeendelineated.China’sfirstlarge-depthfixed-wingtime-domainaerialelectromagneticexplorationsystem,keytechnicalequipmentforintelligentgeologicaldrillingof5,000-meterultra-deepholes,deepthermalin-situminingandreservoirenhancementandstimulationtechnology,andcoremulti-parameterdigitaltechnologyandequipmenthavebeensuccessfullydevelopedandapplied.II.TechnicalStandardsintheFieldofMineralResourcesIn2021,8nationalstandardsand115industrialstandardswerereleasedandimplementedingeologyandmineralresources.Tosecuretheguaranteeofenergyresources,4industrialstandardswereissuedandimplemented,includingtheTechnicalRequirementofSurveyandEvaluationforShaleGasResources,theAssessmentSpecificationofCoalbedMethaneResources,andtheTechnicalRequirementsofProspectiveSurveyandEvaluationforOilandGasResourcesonLand.Tosupportthedevelopmentandcomprehensiveutilizationofmineralresources,twonationalstandards,theExplorationSpecificationofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeologyinMiningAreasandtheSpecificationsforSpecialHydrogeologicalExplorationinCoalMines,andfiveindustrialstandardsincludingtheSpecificationsforSmartMineConstruction,theClassificationofTailingsforSolidMineralResources,andtheIndexandComputationMethodofResourcesUtilizationforMineSolidWaste,werereleasedandimplemented.Tospeedupthepromotionofgreenandsustainabledevelopmentofthegeologicalexplorationindustry,theindustrialstandard-SpecificationforGreenGeologicalSurveyandMineralExplorationwaspublishedandimplemented.Asrequiredforsurvey,evaluation,monitoringScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResourcesChapterIX43andutilizationofgroundwaterresources,85industrialstandardsconcerningtheMethodsforAnalysisofGroundwaterQualitywereissuedandimplemented.Topromotethetransformationoftechnologicalinnovationsinminingindustry,5nationalstandards,includingtheSpecificationsofSurveyforGeologicalandMineralResourcesExploration,andMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofTungstenOresandMolybdenumOres(Part19-Part22)and19industrialstandards,includingtheCodeofPracticeforDigitalMappingofRegionalGeologicalSurvey,theTechnicalRequirementson3DGeologicalModelingforSolidMineralExploration,andtheTechnicalSpecificationsforShallowSampleDrilling,wereissuedandimplemented.TheindustrialstandardTechnicalRequirementsofPhysicalGeologicalDataSortingwaspublishedtoenhancethemanagementofphysicalgeologicaldata.ThenationalstandardSpecificationsforRiskAssessmentofGeologicalHazardwaspublishedandimplementedtostrengthentechnicalsupportsforpreventionandcontrolofgeologicaldisasters.III.TechnologicalInnovationPlatformsinFieldofMineralResourcesAsforthenational-levelscienceandtechnologyinnovationplatform,weactivelydeclaretheconstructionofnationalengineeringresearchcenter,andthenationalengineeringresearchcenterfornaturalgashydrateexplorationanddevelopmenthasbeenapprovedforconstruction,andfournationalengineeringtechnologyresearchcenterssuchasthenationalcomprehensiveutilizationofnon-metallicmineralresourceshavebeenbuilt.AsfortheMinistry’sscienceandtechnologyinnovationplatform,TheMinistryofNaturalResourceshasplannedandbuiltof40keylaboratories,24engineeringtechnologyinnovationcentersand38fieldscientificobservationresearchstationsinthefieldofmineralresources,withresearchareascoveringgeologicalandmineralsurveyandevaluation,mineralresourcesexploration,mineralresourcesdevelopmentandutilization,mineecologicalrehabilitationandotherfields.44ChinaMineralResources2022Feature9-1ScientificandTechnologicalAchievementsinMineralResourcessincethe18thCPCNationalCongressIn2012,the“TheoreticalandTechnologicalInnovationandMajorBreakthroughinProspectingofMesozoicConcealedMetalDepositsinEasternChina”wontheSecondNationalAwardforScienceandTechnologyProgress.In2015,the“FullyHydraulicGeologicalCoreDrillingEquipmentandKeyInstrumentsWithin2000m”wontheSecondNationalAwardforScienceandTechnologyProgress.In2016,the“YanshanianLarge-scaleMetallogenicDynamicsModelinEasternChina”wontheSecondNationalNaturalScienceAward;the“AerialGeophysicalExplorationTechnologySystem”wontheSecondNationalAwardforScienceandTechnologyProgress;the“DeepExplorationandBreakthroughinProspectinginEastDabieMountains”wontheSecondNationalAwardforScienceandTechnologyProgress.In2017,the“TheoreticalInnovationinExplorationofReplacedResourcesinNationalCrisisMinesandMajorBreakthroughinProspecting”wontheSecondNationalAwardforScienceandTechnologyProgress.In2019,the“MetallogenicTheoryofCollision-TypePorphyryCopperDeposits”wonthesecondprizeoftheNationalNaturalScienceAward.In2021,outstandingachievementsweremadeoftherelevantscienceandtechnologyinnovationplatformsintermsoftheresearchonsuperconductingtime-domainsurface-to-airelectromagneticdetection,land-seacoordinatedreal-timemonitoringandsafetywarningsystem,keymetalreferencematerialsandanalysisandtestingstandards,continentalshaleoilandgasformationmechanismandexploration,anddeepexplorationofJiaodonggoldmine,etc.InternationalCooperationChapterX45ChapterXInternationalCooperationIn2021,theministrystrengtheninternationalcooperationinthefieldofmineralresources,activelymaintainedtieswithrelevantcountriesandinternationalorganizationsthroughinnovativewaysofexchangeandcooperation,andkeptpromotingpragmaticcooperationinthefieldofgeologicalandmineralresourcesandfurtherconsolidatecooperativerelationsthroughexchangeplatformssuchasChinaMiningandChina-ASEANMiningCooperationForum&Exhibition.I.BilateralandMultilateralCooperationMechanisms1.BilateralcooperationTheMinistryactivelyboostedthepragmaticcooperationwithKazakhstan,SaudiArabia,Russia,Morocco,Liberia,Rwanda,Turkeyandothercountriesinthefieldofgeologyandmineralresources,andfurtherstrengthenedcooperationingeoscienceresearch,geologicalsurvey,mineralresourcesdevelopmentandmanagement,mineralexplorationtechnologyandmethods,mininginvestment,etc.The10thmeetingoftheMineralResourcesSub-CommitteeoftheChina-KazakhstanCooperationCommitteewaskickedoff.Geoscienceexpertsfromthetwocountrieshadanin-46ChinaMineralResources2022depthexchangeofviewsontheprogressandexistingproblemsofthe1:1millionjointmapcompilationandmapconnectionintheChina-Kazakhstanborderarea,discussedthegeologicalproblemsofcommoninterestsuchasthecomprehensiveevaluationofoilandgasbasinsintheSino-Kazakhborderarea,andreachedaconsensusonthenextstepofcooperation.Thebidwaswonforthe“RenovationofCoreLibraryandConstructionofDigitalCoreMuseuminSaudiArabia”,andworkcontinuedonthepromotionofSino-SaudicooperationinthefieldofgeoscienceandtheenrichmentofcontentsofSino-Saudicooperationunderthe“BeltandRoadinitiative”.MeasureshavebeentakentosteadilyadvancetheSino-RussiancooperationingeologyfortheYearofScientificandTechnologicalInnovation.The“EarthCT”InternationalContinentalDrillingProgramwasjointlycarriedouttodeepenbilateralcooperationingeosciencetechnology.2.MultilateralcooperationChinawaselectedtochairthesteeringcommitteeofthenewCoordinatingCommitteeforGeo-scienceProgrammesinEastandSoutheastAsia(CCOP),anddomesticgeologicalandmineralunitswereorganizedtoattendthe57thannualmeetingandthe77thsteeringcommitteemeetingofCCOP.TheCCOPResearchCenteronUrbanGeologywasestablished,andthesecretariatwasestablishedinNanjingGeologicalSurveyCenter.TheMinistryparticipatedinthe54thand55thSteeringCommitteemeetingsofGrouponEarthObservations(GEO)andGEOAsia-Oceaniameeting.TheMinistryalsoattendedthe14thASEAN+3MiningSeniorOfficialsConsultation,discussingtheworkplanforcooperationbetweentheMinistryandASEANinthefieldofgeologyandminerals.The12thAnnualMeetingoftheUnitedNationsResourceManagementExpertGroupwasattendedtoupgradethealignmentdocumentofChina-UnitedNationsresourcestandards,completethedraftforcommentontheEnglishtranslationofthereserveclassificationstandard,andboosttheexchangeandcooperationwiththeUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEuropeandotherinternationalorganizationsinChina’snewclassificationInternationalCooperationChapterX47standard.TheMinistryparticipatedinthe12thAnnualMeetingoftheCommitteeforMineralReservesInternationalReportingStandards(CRIRSCO),reportingtheprogressofapplicationformembership.AworkgroupwasestablishedtoboosttheprocessofjoiningCRIRSCO.AttheinvitationoftheMineralReservesCommissionofRussiaandtheEconomicCommissionforEurope,theMinistryparticipatedintheround-tablemeetingoftheTyumenOilandGasForumandthe30thannualmeetingoftheSustainableEnergyCommitteeoftheEconomicCommissionforEurope,havingin-depthexchangeswithRussiaonmattersrelatedtomutualrecognitionofbothcountries’resourcestandards.TheMinistryheldthe2021InternationalTrainingCourseonGeochemicalMappingTechnology,the2021InternationalTrainingCourseonKarstandSustainableDevelopment,andTrainingCourseontheCCOP-ASEANGeoscienceDataProcessingCapacityBuildingandGeophysicalMappingProject,withanaimtopromotingChina’stechnicalstandardsingeologyandmineralstotheworld.II.InternationalMiningCooperationPlatforms1.ChinaMining2021DespitetheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemic,ChinaMining2021(the23thsession)waskickedoffbyoffline+onlineasscheduled.ChinaMining2021wasthemedby“MultilateralCooperationfortheDevelopmentandProsperityinthePost-pandemicEra”.TheMinistryofNaturalResourcesandleadersinTianjin,anddiplomaticenvoysinChinafrom8countriesincludingSouthAfricaattendedtheopeningceremony.TheConferenceandExhibitiongathered230enterprisesfrom36countriesandregions,with1themeforum,and20specialforumsincludingthe“BeltandRoad”-basedMiningCooperationForumandtheChina-AfricaGeologicalSurveyDirectorForum.Theonline“nationalpromotion”activitywasattendedby10countriesincludingArgentinaandSudan.48ChinaMineralResources20222.China-ASEANMiningCooperationForum&ExhibitionTheChina-ASEANMiningCooperationForum&Exhibition2021waskickedoffbyonlineandofflineinNanning.TheForum&Exhibitionwasthemedby“JointConstructionoftheBeltandRoad,andJointDevelopmentofGreenMining”,wherediscussionsweremadeon“peakcarbonemissionsandcarbonneutrality”,developmentofgreenminingenterprises,mechanismandprospectofgeosciencecooperation,applicationofandcooperationinsatelliteremotesensingtechnology,mineecologicalrestorationstandardandexplorationpractice.LeadersoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesandGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,andrepresentativesofASEANcountries’diplomaticenvoysinChinaattendedtheopeningceremony.Atotalofmorethan700peopleparticipatedintheactivityoffline,includingrepresentativesofembassiesandconsulatesinChinaandbusinessrepresentativesfrom14countries.Duringtheperiod,theChina-ASEANGeologicalSurveyDirectorsForum,theChina-ASEANGeologicalUniversityPrincipalsForum,andtheMalaysia-LaosMiningPromotionConferencewereheld.3.Euro-AsiaEconomicForum-“BeltandRoad”ForumforInternationalGeoscienceCooperationandMiningInvestmentTheEuro-AsiaEconomicForum-“BeltandRoad”ForumforInternationalGeoscienceCooperationandMiningInvestment2021waskickedoffbyonlineandoffline.TheForumwasthemedby“NewStartforPragmaticCooperationinGeosciencesandNewJourneyforMiningInvestmentDevelopment”,includingthefirstShanghaiCooperationOrganizationNationalGeologicalSurveyDirectorForumandthe“BeltandRoad”ForumforInternationalGeoscienceCooperationandMiningInvestment.Atthe1stShanghaiCooperationOrganizationNationalGeologicalSurveyDirectorForum,representativesofnationalgeologicalandmineralmanagementagenciesanddiplomaticenvoysinChinamadedeepexchangeanddiscussionsfortheinternationalcooperationinthefieldsofgeoscienceandmininginvestmentinthepost-pandemicera,technologicalinnovationingeologyandminerals,earlywarning,forecastingandgovernanceofgeologicaldisasters,andtalentcultivation.Atthe“BeltandRoad”ForumforInternationalGeoscienceCooperationandMiningInvestment,participantsdiscussedtheopportunitiesandchallengesofmineralresourcesinvestmentintheregion.
VIP
