中国矿产资源报告中华人民共和国自然资源部编2021CHINAMINERALRESOURCESMinistryofNaturalResources,PRC中国矿产资源报告ChinaMineralResources2021·北京·中华人民共和国自然资源部编图书在版编目（CIP）数据中国矿产资源报告.2021：汉文、英文/中华人民共和国自然资源部编.—北京：地质出版社，2021.10ISBN978-7-116-12858-3Ⅰ.①中…Ⅱ.①中…Ⅲ.①矿产资源－研究报告－中国－2021－汉、英Ⅳ.①F426.1中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2021）第204620号ZhongguoKuangchanZiyuanBaogao2021责任编辑：田野责任校对：关风云出版发行：地质出版社社址邮编：北京市海淀区学院路31号，100083电话：（010）66554528（邮购部）；（010）66554631（编辑室）；（010）63882122（编写组）网址：http://www.gph.com.cn传真：（010）66554686印刷：北京地大彩印有限公司开本：889mm×1194mm1/16印张：6字数：200千字版次：2021年10月北京第1版印次：2021年10月北京第1次印刷定价：58.00元书号：ISBN978-7-116-12858-3（版权所有·侵权必究；如本书有印装问题，本社负责调换）编委会：：：：：：凌月明许大纯鞠建华蒋文彪邓国平（以姓氏笔画为序）干飞王国平朱振芳杜官印李晓波吴平迟恒伟何凯涛杨尚冰杨虎林姚义川梁凯曹新元韩志军薄志平李晓波闫卫东（以姓氏笔画为序）马小杰马建明于江薇牛力邓锋王升辉史进孙永超张伟张颖李剑李二恒李宪海邱景智庞剑波林博磊周际周起忠费玥赵云骆团结胡容波姜雅郭娟顾纳徐曙光徐桂芬曹清华穆超编委会主任编委会副主任编委会成员编写组组长编写组副组长编写组成员I在习近平生态文明思想指引下，中国不断推进矿产资源管理改革和矿业领域绿色发展。为使国内外广大关心和支持自然资源事业人士了解中国矿产资源管理政策和改革进展，自然资源部组织编写了本年度《中国矿产资源报告》（以下简称《报告》）。本年度《报告》着重介绍2020年以来中国在矿产资源勘查开发利用、地质矿产调查评价等方面的新进展，矿产资源政策法规新变化，矿产资源管理和生态环境保护等方面的新举措，科技创新、地球科学理论研究等方面的新动态，以及“一带一路”国际地质矿产合作的新成果。截至2020年底，中国已发现矿产173种，其中，能源矿产13种，金属矿产59种，非金属矿产95种，水气矿产6种。2020年，中国地质勘查投资较2019年下降12.2%，新发现矿产地96处，油气勘探获重大战略突破。采矿业固定资产投资减少14.1%，主要矿产品生产增速放缓。积极开展矿山生态修复，继续支持重点流域和重点区域废弃露天矿山恢复治理。加快推进矿产资源绿色勘查开发，促进矿业绿色发展。继续推进《中华人民共和国矿产资源法（修订草案）》修改工作，进一步加强矿产资源领域立法与监管，推进“净矿”出让，做好矿业权出让登记信息公示公开，加强和改进矿产执法，继续执行资源税优惠政策。顺利完成矿产资源储量管理改革任务，建立了新的制度和标准体系。《全国矿前言Foreword前言II产资源规划（2021—2025年）》编制工作进展顺利，地方各级矿产资源规划编制全面推进。加强地质勘查活动监督管理，促进地勘行业高质量发展。基础地质调查工作程度进一步提高，公益性油气资源调查评价在页岩气和煤层气等领域取得重要突破。部分重要矿产资源调查取得新进展。全面启用地质资料信息管理服务系统，持续推进公开利用和共享服务，地质资料管理与服务能力持续增强。矿产资源领域研究成果显著，多个项目取得突破性进展。颁布重要国家标准与行业标准。建立多个重点实验室和工程技术创新中心。通过创新交流合作方式，积极保持与有关国家、国际组织的联系，通过中国国际矿业大会、东盟+3矿业高官磋商会等国际交流平台，推进地质矿产项目合作，进一步巩固友好合作关系。《报告》统计数据主要来源于中华人民共和国自然资源部和中华人民共和国国家统计局，未包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾省的统计数据。中国矿产资源报告2021目录ContentsIII前言第一章地质矿产调查评价………………………………………………………1一、基础地质调查…………………………………………………………1二、矿产调查评价…………………………………………………………1三、海洋地质调查…………………………………………………………3第二章矿产资源储量……………………………………………………………4一、能源矿产………………………………………………………………4二、金属矿产………………………………………………………………5三、非金属矿产……………………………………………………………6第三章矿产资源勘查……………………………………………………………8一、地质勘查投入………………………………………………………8二、油气矿产勘查进展……………………………………………………10三、非油气矿产勘查进展…………………………………………………12第四章矿产资源开发利用……………………………………………………13一、采矿业固定资产投资…………………………………………………13二、矿产品生产与消费……………………………………………………13三、矿产资源节约与综合利用……………………………………………16目录IV中国矿产资源报告2021第五章矿山生态修复和绿色发展……………………………………………18一、矿山生态修复…………………………………………………………18二、绿色勘查………………………………………………………………19三、绿色矿山建设…………………………………………………………19第六章矿产资源政策法规……………………………………………………20一、法律法规………………………………………………………………20二、矿产资源税费…………………………………………………………21第七章矿产资源管理…………………………………………………………22一、矿产资源规划管理……………………………………………………22二、地质勘查管理…………………………………………………………23三、矿产资源储量管理……………………………………………………24四、矿业权管理……………………………………………………………25五、古生物化石保护管理…………………………………………………27第八章地质资料管理与服务…………………………………………………28一、地质资料管理制度……………………………………………………28二、地质资料馆藏…………………………………………………………29三、地质资料服务…………………………………………………………29第九章矿产资源领域科技创新………………………………………………31一、矿产资源领域重要科技进展…………………………………………31二、矿产资源领域技术标准………………………………………………32三、矿产资源领域科技创新平台…………………………………………33第十章矿产资源领域国际合作………………………………………………34一、双边与多边合作机制…………………………………………………34二、国际矿业合作平台……………………………………………………35第一章地质矿产调查评价1GeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluations第一章地质矿产调查评价基础地质调查工作程度进一步提高，公益性油气资源调查评价在页岩气和煤层气等领域取得重要突破。在京津冀地区开展地热、地下水资源调查评价。部分重要矿产资源调查取得新进展。继续开展海域基础地质调查和矿产资源调查以及大洋地质调查等工作。一、基础地质调查2020年，中央财政资金完成1∶5万区域地质调查3.33万平方千米，累计完成面积434.21万平方千米，占陆域国土面积的45%。完成1∶5万区域地球化学调查1.61万平方千米，累计完成面积280.74万平方千米，占陆域国土面积的29.1%。完成航磁调查9.56万测线千米，地震反射剖面测量475千米。二、矿产调查评价1.油气资源调查评价松辽盆地陆相页岩油气调查取得新进展，松辽盆地南部梨树断陷吉梨页油1井首次在沙河子组页岩层系中获得日产7.6万立方米高产工业气流，取得断陷湖盆陆相页岩气调查突破；松辽盆地北部三肇凹陷松页油3井取得日产3.46立方米工业油流，实现常压、中低热演化泥页岩储层页岩油新区战略调查突破。长江经济带下游安徽地区、中游湘中地区、上游云南大关和贵州丹寨等地区页岩气2中国矿产资源报告2021地质调查取得新进展。塔里木盆地西北缘新苏地1井志留系两层压裂试气获得日产1.68万立方米和1.26万立方米工业气流，开辟了塔西北志留系油气勘探新层系。煤层气调查在鸡西盆地煤炭采动区采空区和外围深层部署实施的黑鸡地4井、黑鸡地3井、黑鸡地1井实现工业气流重要突破，有效服务矿井瓦斯高效治理和煤层气资源综合利用，开辟了以煤系气为主的非常规油气资源勘查开发新领域。2.地热资源调查评价成功实现中国首例干热岩规模化储层建造。完成国内首个干热岩高温硬岩定向井钻完井工程。在雄安新区4500米深度探获京津冀地区深度最大、水温最高的地热井。3.地下水资源调查评价和监测完成2020年度全国及各省各流域地下水资源量、质量和储存资源年度变化数据调查评价。在京津冀地区探索开展水资源一体化调查评价，查明了水资源数量、质量及变化特征，形成了水资源综合评价工作方法。开展了6.35万点次地下水水位统测。分析了华北和东北平原、黄河和淮河流域、西北内陆盆地等重点地区地下水位变化趋势、地下水降落漏斗现状及成因。4.其他矿产地质调查评价2020年，完成1∶5万矿产地质调查1.85万平方千米，圈定找矿靶区100余处。在川西马尔康加达矿区新发现1处大型锂辉石矿产地，贵州威宁地区新发现3处新类型沉积稀土矿产地。四川德昌大陆槽矿区新发现一条稀土矿化带。西藏朱诺整装勘查区单孔累计钻获铜钼矿（化）体视厚度超400米。阿尔金西段稀有金属和萤石、江西会昌锡矿、江西于都高陂钼矿以及贵州铜仁大湾地区锰矿等取得一批重要找矿进展。2020年，累计完成35种非油气固体矿产资源潜力评价，其中铌、钽、锗为最新完成。第一章地质矿产调查评价3GeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluations三、海洋地质调查1.海域基础地质调查继续开展中国管辖海域1∶25万和1∶5万海洋区域地质调查。实施东海虎皮礁、海南岛近岸、中沙群岛3个重点海域1∶25万海洋区域地质调查和航空物探调查。开展重点海域1∶5万海洋区域地质调查，初步建立大比例尺海域地质调查技术体系。首次成功完成了横跨南海西南次海盆超深水大地地磁探测剖面调查，编制了跨南海西南次海盆的壳幔尺度地学断面图件。2.海域矿产资源调查南黄海海域首次发现志留系—石炭系古油藏，优选油气有利区带6个，圈定重点构造18个，提交钻探目标4个，建议井位7口。锁定南海东北部中生界油气参数井井位，优选出南海北部2～3个油气钻探有利目标。开展了福建－台湾浅滩海砂资源调查，初步估算海砂资源量约6900万立方米。完成了海南省东方－乐东海域海砂资源调查，预测远景资源量约24亿立方米，控制资源量9250万立方米。3.大洋地质调查实施第二轮中巴联合地质调查航次，在巴基斯坦专属经济区开展了系统性海洋地质调查，打造了“21世纪海上丝绸之路”地学合作典范。组织实施深海地质资源环境调查航次，开展东北印度洋孟加拉湾南部海域多道地震探测，提出了孟加拉深海钻探方案建议。圆满完成深海地质调查第10航次和中国大洋第64航次科考任务，在西太平洋富钴型多金属结核资源新发现、富钴结壳合同履约和深海生物调查及深海探测技术方面取得了重要成果。4中国矿产资源报告2021第二章矿产资源储量截至2020年底，中国已发现173种矿产，其中，能源矿产13种，金属矿产59种，非金属矿产95种，水气矿产6种。一、能源矿产表2-12020年中国主要能源矿产储量序号矿产单位储量1煤炭亿吨1622.882石油亿吨36.193天然气亿立方米62665.784煤层气亿立方米3315.545页岩气亿立方米4026.17注：油气（石油、天然气、煤层气、页岩气）储量参照国家标准《油气矿产资源储量分类》（GB/T19492—2020），为剩余探明技术可采储量；其他矿产储量参照国家标准《固体矿产资源储量分类》（GB/T17766-2020），为证实储量与可信储量之和。0102030405060708090100石油煤炭天然气页岩气储量占全国比例/%四川山西甘肃陕西黑龙江河北新疆内蒙古贵州重庆图2-1中国主要能源矿产储量地区分布5第二章矿产资源储量二、金属矿产MineralResources表2-22020年中国主要金属矿产储量序号矿产单位储量1铁矿矿石亿吨108.782锰矿矿石万吨21295.693铬铁矿矿石万吨276.974钒矿V2O5万吨951.205钛矿TiO2万吨20116.226铜矿金属万吨2701.307铅矿金属万吨1233.108锌矿金属万吨3094.839铝土矿矿石万吨57650.2410镍矿金属万吨399.6411钴矿金属万吨13.7412钨矿WO3万吨222.4913锡矿金属万吨72.2514钼矿金属万吨373.6115锑矿金属万吨35.1716金矿金属吨1927.3717银矿金属吨50672.2618铂族金属金属吨126.7319锶矿天青石万吨1580.4320锂矿氧化物万吨234.476中国矿产资源报告2021三、非金属矿产表2-32020年中国主要非金属矿产储量序号矿产单位储量1菱镁矿矿石万吨49475.872萤石矿物万吨4857.553耐火黏土矿石万吨28259.684硫铁矿矿石万吨69470.865磷矿矿石亿吨19.136钾盐KCl万吨28059.547硼矿B2O3万吨2090.108钠盐NaCl亿吨207.119芒硝Na2SO4亿吨17.7310重晶石矿石万吨3689.1211水泥用灰岩矿石亿吨342.6612玻璃硅质原料矿石亿吨11.3313石膏矿石亿吨15.4814高岭土矿石万吨57158.2115膨润土矿石万吨30175.7116硅藻土矿石万吨15114.0417饰面花岗岩亿立方米11.6318饰面大理岩亿立方米4.2919金刚石矿物千克1302.3620晶质石墨矿物万吨5231.8521石棉矿物万吨1489.5022滑石矿石万吨5581.0623硅灰石矿石万吨5149.237第二章矿产资源储量储量占全国比例/%0102030405060708090100铁矿石铅锌铜锰铝土矿钨镍西藏四川内蒙古辽宁山西广西江西湖南河南贵州云南甘肃青海新疆MineralResources图2-2中国主要金属矿产储量地区分布图2-3中国主要非金属矿产储量地区分布0102030405060708090100磷萤石晶质石墨硼钾盐辽宁黑龙江内蒙古青海新疆湖北四川江西浙江湖南云南储量占全国比例/%8中国矿产资源报告2021第三章矿产资源勘查2020年，页岩气等非传统油气矿产勘查取得重要突破，锰、钴、铜、石墨等战略性矿产找矿成果显著。一、地质勘查投入2020年，中国地质勘查投资871.85亿元，较上年下降12.2%。其中，油气矿产地质勘查投资710.24亿元，下降13.5%；非油气矿产地质勘查投资161.61亿元，下降6.1%，与2019年相比降幅有所扩大（图3-1）。油气勘查完成探井2956口、进尺839.42万米，分别增长2.1%、2.9%；完成二维地震采集3.0万千米，减少41.6%；完成三维地震采集4.27万平方千米，减少9.3%。非油气矿产地质勘查投资中，矿产勘查投资82.47亿元，占总量的51.0%，下降6.3%；基础地质调查投资19.93亿元，占总量的12.3%，下降22.3%；水文地质、环境地质与地质灾害调查评价投资34.51亿元，占总量的21.4%，下降0.3%；地质科技与综合研究投资21.97亿元，占总量的13.6%，增长11.3%；地质资料服务与信息化投资2.73亿元，占总量的1.7%，下降33.1%（图3-2）。在非油气矿产地质勘查投资中，全国财政投资110.13亿元，占总量的68.1%，其中，中央财政投资46.26亿元，占总量的28.6%，下降26.8%；地方财政投资63.87亿元，占总量的39.5%，增长20.4%；社会资金投资51.48亿元，占总量的31.9%，下降7.8%（图3-3）。9第三章矿产资源勘查Exploration图3-12010—2020年中国地质勘查投资变化趋势图3-2非油气矿产地质勘查投资结构图（按类型）图3-3非油气矿产地质勘查投资结构图（按资金来源）中央财政投资28.6%社会资金投资31.9%地方财政投资39.5%地质资料服务与信息化投资1.7%地质科技与综合研究投资13.6%矿产勘查投资51.0%基础地质调查投资12.3%水文地质、环境地质与地质灾害调查评价投资21.4%616.50407.11674.70443.49786.60510.15741.02469.94721.02405.91600.10329.00527.50247.30198.36597.46173.72636.580400600100020080012001400201020112012201320142015201620172018161.61710.24172.11821.292020年2019油气非油气投入/亿元10中国矿产资源报告2021非油气矿产勘查中以煤炭、金矿、铅锌矿、铜矿为主，占全国非油气矿产勘查投资的51.7%。与2019年相比，银矿、铅锌矿、镍矿、石墨、钨矿等矿种投入降幅较大（表3-1）。2020年，省级地勘基金投入29.79亿元，其中矿产勘查投入22.51亿元，占当年全国非油气矿产勘查总投入（82.47亿元）的27.3%和全国财政非油气矿产勘查投入（43.62亿元）的51.6%。实施矿产勘查项目439个，投入资金最多的依次是煤炭、金矿、地下热水、铜矿和铝土矿。二、油气矿产勘查进展常规油气勘查不断在新区、新层系取得多项新成果，页岩气等非传统油气矿产勘查取得重要突破。1.常规油气勘查塔里木盆地超深层石油勘探取得重大突破。轮探1井（钻深8882米）在井深8200米寒武系盐下地层获日产油134吨、气4.59万立方米高产油气流。满深1井在7600米获日产油624吨、气37万立方米高产油气流，富满区块落实亿吨级储量。顺北57X、顺北71X等超深探井取得新突破。准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷风险探井康探1井取得重大突破，盆地东部有望形成5亿吨以上规模油区；盆地南缘中段下组合深大构造风险探井呼探1井在清水河组获高产油气流。四川盆地川中古隆起北斜坡蓬探1井、角探1井在震旦系—寒武系天然气勘探获得突破；川东地区寒武系新层系平桥1井风险勘探取得进展。2.非常规油气勘查大庆油田陆相非常规油气勘探获得成功。松辽盆地北部古页油平1井、英页1HF井在青一段分别获得日产油38.1立方米、气1.3万立方米和日产油36.1立方米、气0.44万立方米。11第三章矿产资源勘查Exploration表3-12020年主要矿种勘查资金投入和钻探工作量完成情况表矿种资金投入/亿元同比增长/%钻探工作量/万米同比增长/%煤炭12.2322.39827.3铁矿2.4810.72017.6锰矿1.5443.9860.0铜矿6.13-2.734-30.6铅锌矿6.41-40.346-46.5铝土矿2.8889.532113.3镍矿0.43-35.82-33.3钨矿1.59-21.312-36.8锡矿0.77120.0433.3钼矿0.59-15.74-33.3金矿10.45-10.870-9.1银矿1.37-52.39-65.4磷矿1.23105.0980.0石墨1.58-24.011-38.9钾盐0.84-6.720.012中国矿产资源报告2021四川盆地油气新领域和新区带勘探取得重要进展。川东南复兴地区涪页10HF井在侏罗系东岳庙试获工业油气流，日产油17.6立方米、气5.58万立方米，实现侏罗系陆相页岩油气新领域勘探突破。川东南武隆地区隆页3HF井在五峰组—龙马溪组试获日产气7.2万立方米，实现常压页岩气新区带勘探突破。川东南道真向斜真页1HF井在五峰组—龙马溪组常压地层试获日产气7.49万立方米，实现盆缘复杂构造区新区带页岩气勘探突破。三、非油气矿产勘查进展新发现矿产地96处，其中，大型29处，中型36处，小型31处。新发现矿产地排名前5位的矿种分别是：金（7处）、地热（7处）、铜（6处）、陶瓷土（5处）、水泥用灰岩（5处）。新增资源量（推断）：煤炭119.64亿吨，铁矿石0.99亿吨，锰矿石3172.15万吨，铜85.82万吨，铅锌138.87万吨，铝土矿3.74亿吨，钨143.05万吨，金442.46吨，银532.13吨，磷矿9667.5万吨，石墨782.83万吨。专栏3-1找矿突破战略行动十年成果找矿突破战略行动实施十年来（2011-2020年），通过实施地质找矿运行新机制，深化矿产资源管理改革，形成了一批重要矿产资源战略接续区。形成油气勘探开发新格局。石油、天然气十年新增探明地质储量分别为101亿吨、6.85万亿立方米，约占新中国成立以来累计探明总量的25%、45%。页岩气勘探开发取得长足进展，川南气田年产量达到117亿立方米，涪陵气田年产量达到67亿立方米；发现沁水千亿立方米级煤层气田。固体矿产取得一批重大找矿新突破。新形成32处矿产资源基地，新发现多处砂岩型铀矿。西藏多龙成为中国首个千万吨级铜矿；江西朱溪和大湖塘钨矿床储量升至世界前两位；胶东金矿跃居世界第三大金矿富集区。铁、锰、铜、铝、钾盐、铬等大宗紧缺矿产增储显著，晶质石墨、镍、锂、萤石等战略新兴矿产资源勘查取得显著成果，新兴材料资源保障加强。13第四章矿产资源开发利用DevelopmentandUtilization第四章矿产资源开发利用2020年，中国采矿业固定资产投资减少，其中石油与天然气开采业固定资产投资降幅近30%，煤、天然气、铁矿石、铜等主要矿产品生产增速放缓。一、采矿业固定资产投资2020年，采矿业固定资产投资较上年减少14.1%，增速较上年放缓38.2个百分点，低于全国固定资产投资增速17.0个百分点。在采矿业固定资产投资中，仅有非金属矿采选业固定资产投资增长6.2%，煤炭开采和洗选业固定资产投资同比减少0.7%，石油与天然气开采业固定资产投资大幅减少29.6%，黑色金属矿和有色金属矿采选业固定资产投资降幅收窄，同比下降10.3%和4.0%（图4-1）。二、矿产品生产与消费1．能源矿产2020年一次能源生产总量为40.8亿吨标准煤，较上年增长2.8%（图4-2）；消费总量为49.8亿吨标准煤，增长2.2%，能源自给率为81.9%。2020年能源消费结构中煤炭占56.8%，石油占18.9%，天然气占8.4%，水电、核电、风电等非化石能源占15.9%。中国能源消费结构不断改善。过去十年，煤炭消费量占一次能源消费比重下降了13.4个百分点，水电、核电、风电等非化石能源比重提高了7.5个百分点（图4-3）。2020年煤炭产量为39.0亿吨，较上年增长1.4%，消费量43亿吨，增长0.6%。石油产量1.95亿吨，增长1.6%（图4-4），消费量6.7亿吨，增长2.0%。天然气产量1925.0亿立方米，增长9.8%，消费量3306亿立方米，增长6.9%。14中国矿产资源报告202120152020年2019201620172018产量自给率2011201220132014506070809010001020305040产量/亿吨标准煤自给率/%图4-2中国一次能源生产情况图4-1中国采矿业固定资产投资变化020004000600080001000012000140001600020112012201320142016201520192020年20172018投资/亿元煤炭石油与天然气黑色金属有色金属非金属其他15第四章矿产资源开发利用DevelopmentandUtilization图4-4中国原油产量及变化-8-40481.01.41.82.2产量/亿吨同比变化/%产量同比201120122013201420152020年2019201620172018图4-3中国一次能源消费结构变化201420132012201120152020年2019201620172018100%80%60%40%20%0%煤炭石油天然气水电、核电、风电16中国矿产资源报告20212.金属矿产2020年，铁矿石产量8.7亿吨，较上年增长3.7%（图4-5），表观消费量（国内产量+净进口量）14.2亿吨（标矿）。粗钢产量10.65亿吨，增长7.0%。十种有色金属产量6167.98万吨，增长5.5%。铜精矿产量167.3万吨，增长3.9%；铅精矿产量132.9万吨，增长6.2%；锌精矿产量276.9万吨，下降1.8%。3.非金属矿产2020年，磷矿石产量8893.3万吨（折含P2O530%），较上年增长1.3%；水泥24.0亿吨，增长2.5%（图4-6）。三、矿产资源节约与综合利用1.节约与综合利用水平稳中有升全国大中型矿山数量占比突破20%，矿业产业集中度稳步提升。矿产资源开发（非油气）全员劳动生产率由1310吨/人·年大幅提升至2120吨/人·年。矿山企业在原矿采选难度持续增加、采出品位总体下降的情况下，主要采选指标总体保持基本稳定或有所增长。如地采铁矿平均回采率为86.7%，平均选矿回收率达到76.5%。2.发布第九批矿产资源合理开发利用“三率”最低指标要求2021年4月，发布《自然资源部关于粉石英等矿产资源合理开发利用“三率”最低指标要求（试行）的公告》（自然资源部公告2021年第21号），明确粉石英、地热、二氧化碳气等36种矿产资源合理开发利用开采回采率、选矿回收率和综合利用率（简称“三率”）指标要求。累计完成了124种矿产资源合理开发利用“三率”最低指标要求的研究制订工作，实现了在产矿山所涉及矿种全覆盖。17第四章矿产资源开发利用DevelopmentandUtilization图4-5中国铁矿石与粗钢产量变化05101520201120122013201420152016201720182020年2019产量/亿吨铁矿石产量粗钢产量051015202530产量/亿吨201120122013201420152016201720182020年2019图4-6中国水泥产量变化18中国矿产资源报告2021第五章矿山生态修复和绿色发展积极开展矿山生态修复，改革完善各项管理制度。继续支持开展重点流域和重点区域废弃露天矿山生态修复。制定《绿色地质勘查工作规范》，继续开展绿色勘查项目示范工作。开展年度绿色矿山遴选工作，推进绿色矿业发展示范区建设。一、矿山生态修复1.中央财政资金继续支持矿山生态修复2020年以来，中央财政分两批共下达资金20亿元支持12个省（区）开展黄河流域、青藏高原历史遗留矿山生态修复治理，着力解决对国家生态安全具有重要保障作用、生态受益范围较广、严重影响人民群众生产生活的历史遗留矿山问题。2.矿山恢复治理情况根据遥感监测数据，2020年全国新增矿山恢复治理面积约4.16万公顷。其中，在建和生产矿山新增恢复治理面积约1.11万公顷，占26.7%；废弃矿山新增恢复治理面积约3.05万公顷，占73.3%。第五章矿山生态修复和绿色发展19RestorationofMineGeologicalEnvironmentandGreenDevelopment二、绿色勘查1.制定行业标准规范发布《绿色地质勘查工作规范》，弥补中国绿色勘查标准建设空白。《地质勘查活动质量管理规范》（修订稿）公开征求意见。在铁、锰、铬、硫铁矿等15类矿种的行业标准勘查规范中提出绿色勘查要求，在《固体矿产地质勘查报告编写规范》中设置绿色勘查章节。贵州、青海、山东、内蒙古、宁夏等省（区）自然资源主管部门结合地方特色，制定了地方（省级）标准。2.继续开展绿色勘查项目示范工作开展第二批绿色勘查示范项目评选工作，共评选出77个绿色勘查示范项目。初步建立了“源头预防、过程控制、事后治理、全程监管”的绿色勘查管理新机制。三、绿色矿山建设1.开展绿色矿山遴选2021年1月，印发《关于将河北华澳矿业开发有限公司蔡家营锌矿等矿山纳入全国绿色矿山名录的公告》（2021年第2号），将301家通过遴选的矿山纳入全国绿色矿山名录。目前，全国绿色矿山名录共有1249家，其中，大型矿山775家，占62.0%；中型矿山358家，占28.7%；小型矿山116家，占9.3%。2.推进绿色矿业发展示范区建设2020年12月，印发《关于公布绿色矿业发展示范区名单的公告》（2020年第81号），公布了河北承德等50家绿色矿业发展示范区创建名单。着力打造形成布局合理、集约高效、环境优良、矿地和谐、区域经济良性发展的绿色矿业发展样板区。20中国矿产资源报告2021第六章矿产资源政策法规2020年以来，继续推进《中华人民共和国矿产资源法（修订草案）》（以下简称《矿产资源法（修订草案）》）修改工作，进一步加强矿产资源领域立法与监管，加强和改进矿产执法，继续执行资源税优惠政策。一、法律法规2020年以来，自然资源部配合司法部开展了《矿产资源法（修订草案）》（送审稿）征求意见等立法工作，听取有关部门和单位、地方人民政府、研究机构以及有关矿业企业关于《矿产资源法》修改的意见和建议，进一步修改完善《矿产资源法（修订草案）》。2020年4月29日，第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议审议通过了《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》修订草案，规定矿山企业应当采取科学的开采方法和选矿工艺，减少尾矿、煤矸石、废石等矿业固体废物的产生量和贮存量，鼓励采取先进工艺对其综合利用，自2020年9月1日起施行。2020年5月1日，《自然资源部关于推进矿产资源管理改革若干事项的意见（试行）》（自然资规〔2019〕7号）正式实施。第六章矿产资源政策法规21PoliciesandRegulationsonMineralResources2021年7月15日，印发《自然资源部办公厅关于加强和改进矿产执法工作的通知》（自然资办函〔2021〕1288号），要求各级矿产执法部门严格依照矿产资源法律法规，从严查处无证勘查采矿、越界勘查采矿和破坏性采矿等违法行为，严肃查处矿产资源违法的突出问题。加强矿产违法形势分析研判，加强矿产违法发现和制止，深化矿产执法工作，并着力纠正矿产执法不严的问题。二、矿产资源税费2020年全国资源税收入总额1755亿元，较上年下降3.7%，占国家税收总额的1.1%。矿业权出让收益总额1123.23亿元，增长19.3%；探矿权、采矿权使用费（占用费）总额28.53亿元，下降20.9%。自2020年9月1日起，《中华人民共和国资源税法》（第33号主席令）施行。各省据此发布了本地区具体适用税率，从全国加权平均看，实施前后资源税率基本持平，其中中重稀土、钼矿分别下降7个和3个百分点。根据《财政部税务总局关于继续执行的资源税优惠政策的公告》（财政部税务总局公告2020年第32号），继续对青藏铁路公司及其所属单位运营期间自采自用的砂、石等材料免征资源税；2018年4月1日至2021年3月31日，对页岩气资源税减征30%；2019年1月1日至2021年12月31日对增值税小规模纳税人可以在50%的税额幅度内减征资源税；2014年12月1日至2023年8月31日，对充填开采置换出来的煤炭，资源税减征50%。新的资源税法不再对共伴生、低品位和尾矿利用的优惠做统一规定，由各省（区、市）结合实际情况自行规定。22中国矿产资源报告2021第七章矿产资源管理2020年，顺利完成矿产资源储量管理改革任务，建立了新的制度和标准体系；形成《全国矿产资源规划（2021—2025年）》征求意见稿，地方各级矿产资源规划编制稳步推进；加强地质勘查活动监督管理，强化地质勘查行业安全生产管理；加快推进矿业权出让制度改革，做好矿业权出让登记信息公示。一、矿产资源规划管理1.矿产资源规划编制工作进展顺利自然资源部会同发展改革委、工业和信息化部、财政部、生态环境部、商务部等部委共同编制完成了《全国矿产资源规划（2021—2025年）》（征求意见稿），广泛征求相关部委、行业协会和地方自然资源主管部门意见，完成了专家论证工作和第三方评估，已形成规划送审稿，进入报批阶段。2.地方各级规划编制工作全面推进根据自然资源部《关于全面开展矿产资源规划（2021—2025年）编制工作的通知》要求，按照自上而下、上下联动、压茬推进的原则，省、市、县各级规划编制工作全23第七章矿产资源管理MineralResourcesManagement面推进。目前，31个省（区、市）和新疆生产建设兵团省级矿产资源总体规划草案已全部完成与全国规划的对接工作，整体进入报批准备阶段。据不完全统计，同步开展了350余个市级、1600多个县级矿产资源总体规划编制工作，基本实现全国有矿业活动地区的全覆盖。二、地质勘查管理1.地勘行业基本情况2020年，全国共有2484家地质勘查单位，在职职工约45万人，总收入约3567亿元。“十三五”时期，非油气地勘单位人均工资稳步上升、单位收入逐步增长、单位总资产缓慢增长，但队伍规模逐步减少、矿业权转让收入逐年减少、地勘设备净值减少。2.指导促进地勘行业高质量发展2021年5月10日，出台《自然资源部关于促进地质勘查行业高质量发展的指导意见》（自然资发〔2021〕71号），指导各地积极稳妥推进事企分开改革、探索改革激励政策、拓展新业务领域、加强监督管理制度建设、维护行业秩序，共同促进地勘行业高质量发展。3.加强地质勘查活动监督管理2021年6月8日，印发《自然资源部办公厅关于印发〈地质勘查活动监督管理办法（试行）〉的通知》（自然资办发〔2021〕42号），明确地勘活动监督管理要坚持职责法定、信用约束、协同监管、社会共治的原则，通过加强监管，构建地勘单位自治、行业自律、社会监督、政府监管的社会共治格局。24中国矿产资源报告20214.强化地质勘查行业安全生产管理2021年3月22日，出台《自然资源部关于加强地质勘查和测绘行业安全生产管理的指导意见》（自然资发〔2021〕47号），进一步树牢安全生产理念、落实安全生产主体责任、加强关键环节安全风险管理，统筹地质勘查行业安全与发展，实现安全生产与业务管理融合互补，不断夯实安全生产基础。三、矿产资源储量管理1.完成矿产资源储量管理改革工作2020年，为全面落实《自然资源部关于推进矿产资源管理改革若干事项的意见（试行）》（自然资规〔2019〕7号）改革要求，自然资源部相继出台多项配套的矿产资源储量管理改革措施，顺利完成了矿产资源储量管理改革任务，建立了新的储量管理制度和标准体系。2.形成以矿产资源储量新分类为龙头的标准体系全面完成并发布实施《固体矿产资源储量分类》《油气矿产资源储量分类》等59项国家标准和行业标准，形成了以新矿产资源储量分类为龙头的矿产资源储量管理标准体系，对科学掌握矿产资源家底、合理利用资源、维护国家和企业权益等具有重要意义。3.完善矿产资源储量评审备案管理制度完善矿产资源评审备案管理体系，明确评审备案是作为国家管理矿产资源储量重要依据的行政行为。出台《自然资源部办公厅关于矿产资源储量评审备案管理若干事项的通知》(自然资办发〔2020〕26号)等文件，明确评审备案范围和权限，缩减办理环节，减少申请要件，缩短评审备案时限，开通评审备案网上远程申报系统，积极推进“互联网+政务服务”。25第七章矿产资源管理MineralResourcesManagement4.全面完成全国新老分类标准数据转换工作组织开展原国土资源部建部以来储量数据库清理补登记和评审备案数据电子化等，全面部署全国新老分类标准数据转换工作，指导各省和矿山企业开展转换核实，结合2020年矿产资源储量统计和矿山储量年报编制，形成2020年度新分类标准下的矿产资源储量数据，完成转换工作。5.保障各项改革制度顺利实施多管齐下宣贯改革成果，举办全国培训视频会，在《中国自然资源报》刊登访谈解读，编写下发《矿资源储量技术标准解读300问》，举办全国评审业务交流会，全国分片区开展调研和座谈等，参训人员达4万余人次，并指导湖北、河南、甘肃等多省开展培训，推进改革落实到位。四、矿业权管理1.全面推进矿业权竞争性出让、严格控制协议出让《自然资源部关于推进矿产资源管理改革若干事项的意见（试行）》（自然资规〔2019〕7号）实施以来，各地认真贯彻落实、协同推进，在全国推广实施矿业权出让制度改革,全面推进矿业权竞争性出让，严格控制协议出让，已全面停止以申请在先方式出让探矿权。相比2019年，2020年全国新设探矿权中，以招标拍卖挂牌等市场竞争方式出让占比由43%提高到73%，以协议方式出让同比减少26%且多为已设矿山深部勘查项目；2020年全国新设采矿权以招标拍卖挂牌等市场竞争方式的占比超过80%，以协议方式出让的采矿权数量仅占2%。自2020年5月1日7号文实施至2021年6月底，全国共以竞争性方式出让探矿权263个，采矿权1598个。通过公平竞争方式获取矿业权已成为社会共识。26中国矿产资源报告20212.实行油气探采合一制度油气探矿权人发现可供开采的油气资源，在报告有登记权限的自然资源主管部门后即可进行开采。按照油气探采合一制度，在勘查发现油气资源后，不用停工办理探转采手续，直接进入开采环节，符合油气资源勘查开采的技术规律，便于矿业权人统筹规划，合理安排生产建设，保障勘查到开采的顺畅衔接，降低成本，提高建产速度，促进油气勘查开采。3.推进“净矿”出让工作为贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于矿业权出让制度改革的决策部署，深化“放管服”改革，自然资源部积极推进“净矿”出让工作，在矿业权出让前期完成各类禁止、限制勘查开采区的空间避让，做好涉及用地、用林、用草、用海相关事项的衔接。研究矿业权“净矿”出让联合审批机制、矿业用地改革政策，以及在《矿产资源法》中建立适合矿产资源勘查开采规律的矿业用地制度，并拟出台推进“净矿”出让工作的相关文件。4.做好矿业权出让登记信息公开持续做好全国矿业权出让登记信息公示公开工作。2020年度，自然资源部门户网站共发布全国矿业权出让登记等公开信息35592项，其中，矿业权审批结果信息公开31320项，招标拍卖挂牌出让公告1649项，招标拍卖挂牌出让结果公示1400项，协议出让公示198项，转让公示602项，新立矿业权受理信息公开423项。5.建立矿业权出让项目库为推进矿业权出让制度改革,切实做好矿业权出让前期准备工作，建立并逐步完善涵盖油气和非油气的“矿业权出让数据库”。2021年2月，自然资源部发布关于网上征集矿业权出让区块建议的公告，明确自2021年2月1日起，各级自然资源主管27第七章矿产资源管理MineralResourcesManagement部门及相关事业单位、企业科研院所和社会公众等，可通过自然资源部政务服务门户（http://zwfw.mnr.gov.cn）“矿业权出让区块建议”入口报送油气、非油气矿业权出让区块建议。6.完善砂石土矿管理为促进砂石行业健康有序发展，陆续向市场投放了大批大型砂石矿山采矿权，进一步优化砂石开发布局，加快推进形成机制砂石优质产能，有序推进海砂开采利用，支持废石尾矿综合利用，推动工程施工采挖砂石统筹利用。7.推进汞公约履约汞矿管理工作组织开展了2020年度全国汞矿矿业权调查摸底，建立汞矿矿业权管理台账，参与《国家履行斯德哥尔摩公约工作协调组、国家履行汞公约工作协调组2019年履约工作总结和2020年履约重点工作计划》相关材料研究起草，参加“国家履行汞公约工作协调组第三次协调员会议”，部署推进汞公约履约矿业权管理有关工作。五、古生物化石保护管理严格规范古生物化石发掘审批，共审批化石发掘4项。示范引领推动建立省级古生物化石专家委员会，开展古生物化石产地保护规划评审。统筹疫情防控实际，组织专家通过远程视频等方式对古生物化石发掘申请进行评审和批复，并及时组织对已批复项目开展实地核查，对发掘过程中出现的问题进行现场指导和督促整改，与相关省厅做好发掘相关管理工作对接。落实国务院部署要求，古生物化石出境批件纳入海关“单一窗口”。组织开展美国、智利截获疑似中国古生物化石鉴定和追缴，开展境外疑似中国古生物化石鉴定1次，鉴定标本1件。协助开展全国打击走私综合治理部际联席会议及文物安全工作部际联席会议相关工作，参与公安、海关等部门查获涉案化石的鉴定工作10次，鉴定标本533件。28中国矿产资源报告2021第八章地质资料管理与服务2020年，全国各级自然资源主管部门及地质资料馆藏机构、地质资料委托保管单位围绕社会需求和自然资源管理中心工作，齐心协力、共抗疫情，加强地质资料汇交管理，扎实推进油气地质资料补交，全面启用地质资料信息管理服务系统，持续推进公开利用和共享服务，地质资料管理与服务能力持续增强。一、地质资料管理制度印发《自然资源部办公厅关于全面启用地质资料信息管理服务系统的通知》（自然资办函〔2020〕717号）、《自然资源部办公厅关于进一步做好地质资料汇交管理的通知》（自然资办函〔2020〕791号）、《自然资源部办公厅关于做好岩心数字化与信息共享工作的通知》（自然资办函〔2020〕907号）等，强化地质资料汇交事中事后监管，推进“互联网+地质资料”政务服务，构建地质资料汇交诚信体系,进一步规范和完善了地质资料管理制度。29第八章地质资料管理与服务GeologicalDataManagementandServices二、地质资料馆藏1.成果和原始地质资料截至2020年底，部省两级地质资料馆藏机构成果地质资料馆藏总量共65.34万档、原始地质资料馆藏总量共4.91万档。受托单位共接收原始地质资料88.27万档，累计保管原始地质资料达115.13万档。2.实物地质资料截至2020年底，部省两级地质资料馆藏机构共保存岩心244.79万米、岩屑21.97万袋、标本10.11万块、光薄片24.99万片、样品607.18万袋/瓶。受托单位共接收实物地质资料岩心72.96万米、岩屑1004.24万袋，累计委托保管岩心89.38万米、岩屑2024.65万袋。三、地质资料服务1.馆藏服务全国部省两级地质资料馆藏机构共接待到馆用户1.46万人次，提供资料利用服务671.56万件次，提供数据复制4.47万GB，在线提供地质资料目录52.14万条。各级馆藏机构地质资料网络服务量大幅增长，地质资料网站服务浏览量达1037.60万人次，比2019年提升90%。积极推进资料汇交“在线预约、在线受理”，资料服务“在线下单、网上申办”，通过网络、电话、邮寄等多种方式提供业务咨询和借阅服务，全力保障疫情期间地质资料服务。30中国矿产资源报告2021地质资料管理和服务信息公开有序推进。2020年向国家电子政务信息共享交换平台提供探矿权地质资料汇交凭证信息1730个。向社会公示2012—2020年7.2万个矿业权和地质工作项目地质资料汇交信息，公开汇交凭证、无资料承诺、限期汇交、异常名录等各类管理信息9.8万条。国家地质资料数据中心建设稳步推进。地质资料信息管理服务系统在全国推广应用，实现了实物中心、31个省馆、4家油气公司总部和35家委托保管单位互联互通和业务协同。2.“地质云”服务“地质云3.0”正式上线服务。集成构建了覆盖11大类、98个核心数据库、2717个图层的地球科学“一张图”大数据。新增上线0.7万个资源环境权威信息产品、270余万个全国地球化学调查点数据、5万余个地质钻孔数据、4.5万米实物岩心图像数据、8.3万条地质剖面、20万件公开版地质资料、22.8万个矿产地数据、11万册新中国成立以来地学图书等权威地质信息系列产品。截至2020年底，注册用户数达到6.5万人，2020全年访问量达到366万次，数据产品浏览86.2万次、下载50.3万次。31第九章矿产资源领域科技创新ScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResources第九章矿产资源领域科技创新2020年，矿产资源领域研究成果显著，多个项目取得突破性进展。颁布多项重要国家标准与行业标准。建成多个重点实验室和工程技术创新中心。一、矿产资源领域重要科技进展1.主要进展中国海域天然气水合物第二轮试采成功。攻克了深海浅软地层水平井钻采核心技术，实现了从探索性试采向试验性试采的重大跨越，成为全球首个采用水平井钻采技术试采海域天然气水合物的国家。干热岩高效控缝控震压裂和高温硬岩多靶点精准定向钻井技术取得突破。青海共和盆地干热岩规模化压裂造储取得成功。以大陆碰撞成矿理论为指导，青藏高原甲玛矿区成功实施了固体矿产首个3000米科学深钻，发现厚层斑岩铜钼矿体。创新深部探测技术方法体系，丰富和发展深部金矿成矿理论，通过深钻验证将焦家金矿总资源量增至2500多吨。32中国矿产资源报告20212.重要成果基础理论研究成果显著。依托国家重点研发计划“青藏高原碰撞造山成矿系统深部结构与成矿过程”项目，围绕大陆碰撞带深部过程与成矿驱动机制、碰撞成矿系统三维结构与“源－运－储”、大型矿床的形成过程与定位机制3个关键科学问题，取得重要成果。页岩气理论、方法、关键技术和装备等方面取得重要突破。明确了海相、海陆交互相、陆相页岩气形成的有利岩相和富集机理，提出了“七相、四演化、七控藏”成藏模式；建立了适合中国特点的分类分级页岩气资源评价方法体系和参数体系；形成了高演化页岩有机地球化学快速分析技术和微纳米级孔隙结构与成分三维定量表征技术，攻克了3000米深井中地层压力原位测试技术，研发了车载页岩气现场快速多参数综合分析系统。攻克了基于重力场模型的垂线偏差补偿、微弱重力信号精确提取等多项关键核心技术，研制出具有完全自主知识产权的航空重力/矢量重力勘查系统，航空重力测量精度达到0.58毫伽，与国际先进水平并跑，航空矢量重力达到国际领先水平；研发出航空重力测量数据处理解释方法与软件。在珠峰地区首次开展航空重力测量，填补了珠峰及周边区域的重力空白，使似大地水准面模型精度提高了3.0厘米，为珠峰高程精确测量提供了技术支撑。成功研制低温超导和高温超导航磁全张量梯度测量系统。二、矿产资源领域技术标准2020年发布实施了地质矿产行业标准61项，国家标准及行业标准修改单11项。围绕矿产资源勘查、储量动态管理，根据矿产资源储量分类标准改革要求，发布33第九章矿产资源领域科技创新ScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResources了《固体矿产地质勘查报告编写规范》《矿产地质勘查规范铁、锰、铬》《页岩气资源量和储量估算规范》等46项行业标准；发布了《固体矿产勘查工作规范》《矿产资源综合勘查评价规范》国家标准修改单，以及《铀矿地质勘查规范》《钒矿地质勘查规范》等行业标准修改单。发布实施了《矿产资源规划图示图例》《矿产资源规划数据库标准》2项行业标准。为服务支撑建设海洋强国战略，发布实施了《海洋重力测量技术规范》《海洋磁力测量技术规范》《海洋地质调查导航定位规程》等6项行业标准；围绕工程地质调查工作，为了合理确定分区评价单元、分区评价指标体系和评价方法，发布实施了《工程地质调查规范（1∶50000）》行业标准1项；为有效推广地质矿产勘查技术方法的应用，发布实施了《电阻率测深法技术规程》《浅层地震勘查技术规范》《地球化学详查规范》等7项行业标准。三、矿产资源领域科技创新平台2020年11月，颁布了《自然资源部科技创新平台管理办法（试行）》。2021年3月，将52个野外科学观测研究站纳入自然资源部科技创新平台管理序列。2021年8月，自然资源部公布42家新增重点实验室名单。重点实验室和工程技术创新中心凝聚高端人才、承担重大创新任务和实施科研体制机制改革，取得了一系列科技成果。其中，天然气水合物勘查开发工程技术创新中心组织开展天然气水合物试采科技攻关，为神狐海域第二轮天然气水合物试采成功提供了有力支撑。34中国矿产资源报告2021第十章矿产资源领域国际合作2020年，克服全球新冠肺炎疫情对矿产资源领域国际合作造成的影响，创新交流合作方式，积极保持与有关国家、国际组织的联系，通过中国国际矿业大会、东盟+3矿业高官磋商会等国际交流平台，继续推进地质矿产项目合作，进一步巩固友好合作关系。一、双边与多边合作机制（一）双边合作积极推动与沙特阿拉伯、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、利比里亚、卢旺达、俄罗斯、波兰、德国和土耳其等国在地质矿产领域的务实合作，进一步加强在地学研究、地质调查、矿产资源开发管理、矿产勘查技术方法、矿业投资等方面的合作。成功中标“沙特阿拉伯地盾水系沉积物及重砂样品高精度地球化学勘查”项目，丰富了中沙共建“一带一路”合作新内涵。援助尼泊尔、卢旺达、利比里亚地质调查工作取得新进展，服务了合作国民生发展。与国外地质调查机构在基础地质调查、海洋地质、矿产资源研究、地质灾害等领域达成多项技术交流与合作研究协议，与德国签署了合作谅解备忘录，与泰国签署了项目合作协议，与俄罗斯、意大利签署了合作意向书。35第十章矿产资源领域国际合作InternationalCooperation（二）多边合作自然资源部与国际地科联签署谅解备忘录，约定2021年至2028年国际地科联秘书处续驻中国。国际地科联对中国在推动国际地质科学事业发展中体现的责任意识和担当精神表示赞赏。联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心首次通过线上方式举办“岩溶资源环境与生态产业”国际培训班，为中国开展岩溶领域多边合作奠定了坚实基础。联合国教科文组织全球尺度地球化学国际研究中心组织召开线上国际培训班，分享中国先进地球化学填图技术。参加第13届东盟+3矿业高官磋商会，研究“东盟矿业合作行动计划”第二阶段（2021—2025）工作计划。参加东亚东南亚地学计划协调委员会（CCOP）第56届年会及第74届和75届指导委员会会议，参与编制CCOP2021—2025战略规划和工作方案，进一步明确了下一个五年的合作需求。参加地球观测组织（GEO）第52次和53次指导委员会会议，作为2020年轮值主席国全面组织GEO年度工作，指导GEO秘书处开展年度审计，审议GEO相关实施计划。二、国际矿业合作平台克服疫情影响，2020（第二十二届）中国国际矿业大会以“线下+线上”相结合的方式如期举行。大会以“责任、创新、治理”为主题，会议内容包括开幕式、大会论坛、云展览和云推介四个部分。自然资源部、天津市领导，秘鲁、巴西、几内亚、坦桑尼亚、阿根廷、智利、马达加斯加、南非等国驻华使节，以及国内外近100名企业、金融机构和行业协会的代表现场出席开幕式，共有35个国家和地区的企业和展团参会参展。大会围绕当前国际矿业发展新趋势、新变化，以及“一带一路”矿业国际合作新要求，举行了1场主题论坛、6场专题论坛、4场国家推介会、12场矿业项目推介会。共有82个境外矿业项目通过云平台进行展示推介，广泛分布于“一带一路”沿线国家，为中外矿业企业务实合作打下坚实基础。中国矿产资源报告2021CHINAMINERALRESOURCES定价：58.00元PreparedbyMinistryofNaturalResources,PRCChinaMineralResources2021GEOLOGICALPUBLISHINGHOUSEBEIJINGChairman:LingYuemingVice-chairmen:XuDachunJuJianhuaJiangWenbiaoDengGuopingMembers:GanFeiWangGuopingZhuZhenfangDuGuanyinLiXiaoboWuPingChiHengweiHeKaitaoYangShangbingYangHulinYaoYichuanLiangKaiCaoXinyuanHanZhijunBoZhipingEditor-in-chief:LiXiaoboAssociateEditor-in-chief:YanWeidongEditorialStaff:MaXiaojieMaJianmingYuJiangweiNiuLiDengFengWangShenghuiShiJinSunYongchaoZhangWeiZhangYingLiJianLiErHengLiXianhaiQiuJingzhiPangJianboLinBoleiZhouJiZhouQizhongFeiYueZhaoYunLuoTuanjieHuRongboJiangYaGuoJuanGuNaXuShuguangXuGuifenCaoQinghuaMuChaoEditorialCommitteeIForewordUndertheguidanceofXiJinpingThoughtonEcologicalCivilization,Chinahascontinuouslypromotedthereformofmineralresourcesmanagementandgreendevelopmentinminingsector.InordertomakepeopleathomeandabroadwhocareaboutandsupportnaturalresourcesconditionsunderstandChinesepoliciesandreformprogressofmineralresourcesmanagement,theMinistryofNaturalResources(MNR)organizedthecompilationoftheChinaMineralResources(hereinafterreferredtoastheReport).Thisyear’sReportfocusesontheinformationsince2020asthenewprogressmadeinChina’sexploration,exploitationandutilizationofmineralresources,andsurveyandevaluationofmineralresources;thenewchangesinpoliciesandregulationsrelatedtomineralresources;thenewmeasurestakeninmanagementofmineralresourcesandprotectionofecologicalenvironment;thenewscientificandtechnologicalinnovation;thenewdevelopmentmadeingeosciencetheoreticalstudiesaswellasthenewachievementsobtainedintheinternationalcooperationongeologyandmineralresourceswithcountriesparticipatinginthe“BeltandRoadInitiative”.Tilltheendofyear2020,atotalof173kindsofmineralshavebeendiscoveredinChina,including13kindsofenergymaterials,59kindsofmetals,95kindsofnonmetallicmineralsand6kindsofwaterandgases.In2020,theinvestmentingeologicalexplorationdecreasedby12.2%comparedtothepreviousyear.Atotalof96newdepositswerediscoveredthroughoutthecountry,andmajorstrategicbreakthroughsweremadeinoilandgasexploration.Theyearwitnesseddecreaseby14.1%infixed-assetinvestmentinChina’sminingindustryandslowinggrowthofproductionofmajormineralproducts.Mineecologicalrehabilitationwasactivelycarriedout,andcontinuouseffortsweremadetorehabilitatetheecologyofabandonedopen-pitminesinkeyriverbasinsandareas.Greenexplorationandexploitationofmineralresourceswerefacilitatedandgreendevelopmentoftheminingindustrypromoted.ForewordIIChinaMineralResources2021TherevisionoftheMineralResourcesLaw(DraftAmendment)wascontinuedtofurtherstrengthenlegislationandsupervisioninthefieldofmineralresources,facilitatetransferof“clean”mines,makebetterregistrationinformationofminingrighttransferaccessibletothepublic,enhanceandimprovelawenforcementrelatedtomineralresources,andkeepofferingpreferentialpoliciesonresourcetax.Thereformofmineralresourcesandreservesmanagementwascompletedsuccessfullywithnewrulesandstandardsreleased.FormulationoftheNationalMineralResourcesPlan(2021-2025)progressedsmoothly,whilelocalmineralresourcesplansatvariouslevelswerealsobeingformulated.Thesupervisionandmanagementofgeologicalexplorationactivitieswerestrengthenedtopromotehigh-qualitydevelopmentofthegeologicalexplorationindustry.Basicgeologicalsurveywasfurtherenhanced.Importantbreakthroughswererealizedinthenon-profitsurveyofoilandgasinareassuchasshalegasandcoal-bedmethane.Newprogresswasmadeinsurveyofcertainimportantmineralresources.Effortsweremadetofullyenablethegeologicaldatainformationmanagementservicesystemandpromoteopenutilizationandsharingofservices.Theabilityofgeologicaldatamanagementandservicehasbeencontinuouslyenhanced.Remarkableachievementshavebeenmadeintheresearchofmineralresourceswithbreakthroughsfrommanyresearchprojects.Anumberofimportantnationalandindustrialstandardswerereleased,andmanykeylaboratoriesandengineeringandtechnologicalinnovationcenterswererecognized.TheMNRactivelymaintainedtieswithrelevantcountriesandinternationalorganizationsthroughinnovativewaysofexchangeandcooperation,andworkedtopromotecooperationingeologicalandmineralprojectsandfurtherconsolidatecooperativerelationsthroughinternationalcollaborationplatformssuchasChinaMiningandASEAN+3SeniorMiningOfficialConsultations.StatisticsintheReportaremainlyfromtheMNRandtheNationalBureauofStatisticsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.StatisticsfromtheHongKongSpecialAdministrationRegion,theMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegionandTaiwanProvincearenotincludedintheReport.ContentsIIIContentsForewordChapterIGeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluations……………………………………………………1I.BasicGeologicalSurvey…………………………………………………………1II.MineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluations…………………………………2III.MarineGeologicalSurvey………………………………………………………4ChapterIIMineralResources…………………………………………………6I.EnergyMinerals……………………………………………………………………6II.MetallicMinerals…………………………………………………………………7III.NonmetallicMinerals……………………………………………………………8ChapterIIIExploration………………………………………………………10I.InvestmentsinGeologicalExploration………………………………………10II.ProgressinOilandGasExploration……………………………………………14III.ProgressinNon-oilandGasExploration………………………………………15ChapterIVDevelopmentandUtilization…………………………………17I.Fixed-assetInvestmentinMiningIndustry………………………………………17II.ProductionandConsumptionofMineralProducts……………………………19III.ConservationandComprehensiveUtilizationofMineralResources………21IVChinaMineralResources2021ChapterVRestorationofMineGeologicalEnvironmentandGreenDevelopment………………………………………23I.EcologicalRehabilitationinMines………………………………………………23II.GreenExploration…………………………………………………………………24III.ConstructionofGreenMines……………………………………………………25ChapterVIPoliciesandRegulationsonMineralResources…………26I.LawsandRegulations……………………………………………………………26II.TaxesonMineralResources……………………………………………………27ChapterVIIMineralResourcesManagement……………………………29I.MineralResourcesPlanning………………………………………………………29II.GeologicalExplorationManagement……………………………………………30III.MineralResourcesReservesManagement……………………………………32IV.MiningRightsManagement……………………………………………………33V.AncientFossilsProtectionManagement………………………………………36ChapterVIIIGeologicalDataManagementandServices………………37I.GeologicalDataManagementSystem…………………………………………37II.GeologicalDataCollection………………………………………………………38III.GeologicalDataServices………………………………………………………38ChapterIXScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResources…………………………………………40I.TechnologicalMilestonesinFieldofMineralResources………………………40II.TechnicalStandardsintheFieldofMineralResources………………………42III.TechnologicalInnovationPlatformsinFieldofMineralResources…………43ChapterXInternationalCooperation………………………………………44I.BilateralandMultilateralCooperationMechanisms……………………………44II.InternationalMiningCooperationPlatforms……………………………………46GeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluationsChapterI1ChapterIGeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluationsThelevelofBasicgeologicalsurveywasfurtherimproved.Majorbreakthroughswererealizedinthenon-profitsurveyofoilandgas,suchasshalegasandcoal-bedmethane.GeothermalandgroundwaterresourcessurveysandevaluationswerecarriedoutintheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion.Newprogresswasmadeinthesurveyofcertainimportantmineralresources.Workcontinuedinthebasicgeologicalsurveyandmineralresourcessurveyinterritorialwaters,andoceanicgeologicalsurvey.I.BasicGeologicalSurveyIn2020,theregionalgeologicalsurveyonascaleof1∶50,000for33,300squarekilometerswascompletedwithfinancialfundfromthecentralgovernment,andthetotalareaofregionalgeologicalsurveyreached4,342,100squarekilometers,occupying45%ofthelandareaofChina.Thegeochemistryinvestigationinanareaof16,100squarekilometerswitha2ChinaMineralResources2021scale1∶50,000hascompletedwithfinancialfundfromthecentralgovernment,withanaccumulatedcompletedareaof2,807,400squarekilometers,occupying29.1%ofthelandareaofChina.Theaeromagneticsurveyof95,600kilometerswascompleted,andtheseismicreflectionprofileof475kilometerswasmeasured.II.MineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluations1.OilandgassurveyandevaluationNewprogresswasmadeinthesurveyofshaleoilandgasincontinentalfaciesintheSongliaoBasin.TheJili-1#shaleoilwellintheLishugrabeninthesouthernpartoftheSongliaoBasinobtainedforthefirsttimeahigh-yieldindustrialflowof76,000cubicmetersperdayintheshalestrataoftheShaheziFormation,makingabreakthroughintheinvestigationofcontinentalshalegasinthegrabenLakeBasin;theSongShaleOil-3#wellintheSanzhaoDepressioninthenorthernpartoftheSongliaoBasinobtainedadailyindustrialoilflowof3.46cubicmetersperday,makingabreakthroughinstrategicinvestigationofnewshaleoilzonesinnormalpressure,mediumtolowheatevolvedmudshalereservoirs.NewprogresswasalsoseeninthegeologicalsurveyofshalegasintheAnhuiregionalongthedownstreamoftheYangtzeRiverEconomicZone,themiddleHunanregionalongthemidstream,andDaguan,YunnanandDanzhai,Guizhoualongtheupstream.Thetwo-layergastestingbyhydrofractureintheSiluriansystemoftheXinsudi1#wellonthenorthwestedgeoftheTarimBasinyielded16,800and12,600cubicmetersofindustrialgasflowperday,openingupanewformationofoilandgasexplorationintheSiluriansystemofnorthwestTarim.Thecoal-bedmethanesurveyhasachievedanimportantbreakthroughinindustrialgasflowfromtheHeijidi4#well,Heijidi3#wellandHeijidi1#well,whichweredeployedinthecoalminingareaandmined-outareaoftheJixiBasinanddeepperipherallayers.Iteffectivelyservesefficientcontrolofminegasandcomprehensiveutilizationofcoalbedmethaneresources,andopensupanewfieldofexplorationanddevelopmentofunconventionaloilandgasresourcesdominatedbycoalmeasuregas.GeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluationsChapterI32.GeothermalresourcesurveyandevaluationThefirstcaseofhotdryrockreservoirconstructiononalargescalehassuccessfullyrealizedinChina.ThedrillingandcompletionprojectofthefirstdirectionalwellofhotdryrockandhightemperaturehardrockinChinawascompleted.Drillingatadepthof4,500metersinXiong’anNewAreauncoveredageothermalwellwiththelargestdepthandhighesttemperaturediscoveredsofarintheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion.3.Investigation,evaluationandmonitoringofgroundwaterTheannualinvestigationandevaluationofchangeontheresources,qualityandreservesofgroundwaterineverybasinoverthecountryandallprovinceswerecompletedin2020.TheintegratedsurveyandevaluationofwaterresourcesintheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregionhasbeenexplored,identifyingthequantity,qualityandchangecharacteristicsofwaterresources,andtheworkingmethodofintegratedwaterresourcesevaluationhasbeendeveloped.Atotalof63,500site-timesofgroundwaterlevelmeasurementswerecarriedout.Thetrendofgroundwaterlevelchange,thestatusandcausesofgroundwaterdepressionconeinnorthandnortheastChinaplain,YellowRiverandHuaiheRiverbasin,northwestinlandbasinandotherkeyareaswereanalyzed.4.GeologicalsurveyandevaluationofothermineralsIn2020,the1∶50,000mineralgeologicalsurveyof18,500squarekilometerswerecompleted,withmorethan100prospectingtargetsdelineated.AnewlargespodumenedepositinJiadaminingareaontheperipheryofMa’erkanginwesternSichuanwasnewlydiscovered,andthreenewtypesofsedimentaryrareearthore-fieldswerediscoveredintheWeiningareaofGuizhou.AnewrareearthmineralizedzonewasdiscoveredintheDalucaominingareaofDechang,Sichuan.Acumulativetotalofcopperandmolybdenumore4ChinaMineralResources2021bodies(mineralization)weredrilledinasingleholeintheZhu’nuopackageexplorationareainTibetwithanapparentthicknessofover400meters.SomeimportantprospectingprogresshasbeenmadeinraremetalsandfluorsparintheWesternAltun,HuichangtindepositinJiangxi,GaoBeimolybdenumdepositinYudu,JiangxiandmanganesedepositinDawanareaofTongren,Guizhou.Tilltheendof2020,Chinahadcarriedoutthepotentialevaluationsof35kindsofnon-oilandgassolidmineralresources,amongwhichthepotentialevaluationsofniobium,tantalumandgermaniumwerenewlycompleted.III.MarineGeologicalSurvey1.BasicmarinegeologicalsurveyThe1∶250,000and1∶50,000marineregionalgeologicalsurveysintheseaareasunderChinesejurisdictionwerecontinued.The1∶250,000marineregionalgeologicalsurveysandaero-geophysicalsurveyswerecarriedoutinthreekeyareasintheEastChinaSea,includingHupiReef,theoffshoreofHainanIslandandtheZhongshaIslands.The1∶50,000marineregionalgeologicalsurveyswerecarriedoutinkeyareas,andalarge-scalemarinegeologicalsurveytechnologysystemwasinitiallyestablished.Forthefirsttime,theultra-deep-watergeomagneticsurveywassuccessfullycompletedacrossthesouthwestsub-basinoftheSouthChinaSea,andthecrust-mantle-scalegeologicalsectionacrossthesouthwestsub-basinoftheSouthChinaSeawascompiled.2.MineralresourcessurveyinterritorialwatersForthefirsttimeintheSouthYellowSea,theSilurian-Carboniferousfossiloilreservoirshasbeendiscovered,andselected6favorableoilandgaszones,delineated18keystructures,submitted4drillingtargets,andrecommended7welllocations.ItpreciselyGeologicalandMineralResourcesSurveysandEvaluationsChapterI5targetedtheoilandgasparameterwelllocationsintheMesozoicsectorinthenortheasternSouthChinaSea,selected2~3favorableoilandgasdrillingtargetsinthenorthernSouthChinaSea.TheFujian-Taiwanshallowsandresourcesurveywascarriedout,withapreliminaryestimateofabout69millioncubicmetersofsandresources.ThesurveyofseasandresourcesintheDongfang-LedongseaareaofHainanProvincewascompleted,withapredictedprospectiveresourceofabout2.4billioncubicmetersandaresourceof92.5millioncubicmeterswasindicated.3.OceanicgeologicalsurveyThesecondroundofjointChina-Pakistangeologicalsurveymissionswasimplemented,andasystematicmarinegeologicalsurveywascarriedoutintheexclusiveeconomiczoneofPakistan.Thisworkservedasanexampleofcooperationingeoscienceonthe“21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad”.Wehaveorganizedandimplementedthedeep-seageologicalresourcesandenvironmentsurveyvoyage,carriedoutmulti-channelseismicsurveysinthesouthernpartoftheBayofBengalinthenortheastIndianOcean,andproposedadeep-seadrillingprograminBangladesh.The10thvoyageoftheDeepSeaGeologicalSurveyandthe64thvoyageoftheChinaOceanSurveyweresuccessfullycompleted,andimportantachievementshavebeenmadeinthenewdiscoveryofcobalt-richpolymetallicnodules,contractperformanceofcobalt-richcrust,deep-seabiologicalsurveyanddeep-seaexplorationtechnologyinthewesternPacificOcean.6ChinaMineralResources2021ChapterIIMineralResourcesTilltheendofyear2020,atotalof173kindsofmineralshavebeendiscoveredinChina,including13kindsofenergyminerals,59kindsofmetals,95kindsofnonmetallicmineralsand6kindsofwaterandgases.I.EnergyMineralsTable2-1ReservesofMainEnergyMineralsinChinain2020No.MineralsUnitReserves1CoalBilliontons162.292OilBilliontons3.623NaturalgasBillionm36266.584CoalbedmethaneBillionm3331.555ShalegasBillionm3402.62Note:Thedataforoilandgasreserves(oil,naturalgas,coalbedmethane,andshalegas)areremainingprovedtechnicalrecoverablereservesasperClassificationsforPetroleumResourcesandReserves(GB/T19492-2020),andthoseofothermineralsarethetotalofprovedreservesandprobablereservesasperClassificationsforMineralResourcesandMineralReserves(GB/T17766-2020).7MineralResourcesChapterIIFig.2-1DistributionofMainEnergyMineralsinChinaTable2-2ReservesofMainMetallicMineralsinChinain2020No.MineralsUnitReserves1IronoreBilliontons10.882ManganeseoreMilliontons212.963ChromiteMilliontons2.774VanadiumMilliontonsofV2O59.515TitaniumMilliontonsofTiO2201.166CopperMilliontonsofmetal27.017LeadMilliontonsofmetal12.338ZincMilliontonsofmetal30.959BauxiteMilliontonsofore576.5010NickelMilliontonsofmetal4.0011CobaltMilliontonsofmetal0.1412TungstenMilliontonsofWO32.2213TinMilliontonsofmetal0.7214MolybdenumMilliontonsofmetal3.7415AntimonyMilliontonsofmetal0.3516GoldTonsofmetal1927.3717SilverTonsofmetal50672.2618Platinum-groupmetalsTonsofmetal126.7319StrontiumMilliontonsofcelestite15.8020LithiumMilliontonsofLi2O2.34II.MetallicMinerals0102030405060708090100OilCoalNaturalGasShalegasPercentagesofreservesSichuanShanxiGansuShaanxiHeilongjiangHebeiXinjiangInnerMongoliaGuizhouChongqing8ChinaMineralResources2021III.NonmetallicMineralsTable2-3ReservesofMainNonmetallicMineralsinChinain2020No.MineralsUnitReserves1MagnesiteMilliontonsofore494.762FluorsparMilliontonsofminerals48.583RefractoryclayMilliontonsofore282.604PyriteMilliontonsofore694.715PhosphoriteBilliontonsofore1.916PotashMilliontonsofKCl280.607BoronMilliontonsofB2O320.908SodiumsaltBilliontonsofNaCl20.719MirabiliteBilliontonsofNa2SO41.7710BariteMilliontonsofore36.8911LimestoneforcementBilliontonsofore34.2712Glass-makingsiliceousrockBilliontonsofore1.1313GypsumBilliontonsofore1.5514KaolinMilliontonsofore571.5815BentoniteMilliontonsofore301.7616DiatomiteMilliontonsofore151.1417VeneergraniteBillioncubicmeters1.1618VeneermarbleBillioncubicmeters0.4319DiamondKilogramsofminerals1302.3620CrystallinegraphiteMilliontonsofminerals52.3221AsbestosMilliontonsofminerals14.9022TalcMilliontonsofore55.8123WollastoniteMilliontonsofore51.499MineralResourcesChapterIIFig.2-3DistributionofMainNonmetallicMineralsinChinaFig.2-2DistributionofMainMetallicMineralsinChinaPercentagesofreserves0102030405060708090100IronoreLeadZincCopperManganeseBauxiteTungstenNickelTibetSichuanInnerMongoliaLiaoningShanxiGuangxiJiangxiHunanHenanGuizhouYunnanGansuQinghaiXinjiang0102030405060708090100PhosphaterockFluorsparCrystallinegraphiteBoronPotashLiaoningHeilongjiangInnerMongoliaQinghaiXinjiangHubeiSichuanJiangxiZhejiangHunanYunnanPercentageofreserves10ChinaMineralResources2021ChapterIIIExplorationIn2020,majorbreakthroughsweremadeinexplorationofshalegasandotherunconventionaloilandgas,andremarkableachievementsweremadeinexplorationofstrategicmineralssuchasmanganese,cobalt,copperandgraphite.I.InvestmentsinGeologicalExplorationIn2020,theinvestmentsingeologicalexplorationwereRMB87.19billioninChina,adecreaseof12.2%comparedwiththepreviousyear.Amongthem,theinvestmentsingeologicalexplorationofoilandgaswereRMB71.02billion,decreasedby13.5%.Theinvestmentsingeologicalexplorationofnon-oil&gasmineralresourceswereRMB16.16billion,decreasedby6.1%,andthedeclinewasaggravatedcomparedwith2019(Fig.3-1).2,956wellsweredrilledforoilandgasexplorationandthedrillingfootagereached8,394.2kilometers,increasedby2.1%and2.9%respectively.Atotalof30,000kilometers2Dseismicdatawasacquired,decreasedby41.6%;andatotalof42,700squarekilometers3Dseismicdatawasacquired,decreasedby9.3%.Amongtheinvestmentsinnon-oil&gasgeologicalexploration,theinvestmentsinmineralexplorationwasRMB8.25billion,decreasedby6.3%andaccountingfor51.0%ofthetotal;ChapterIII11ExplorationtheinvestmentsinbasicgeologicalsurveywasRMB1.99billion,decreasedby22.3%andaccountingfor12.3%ofthetotal;theinvestmentsinhydrogeology,environmentalgeologyandgeologicaldisastersurveyandevaluationwasRMB3.45billion,decreasedby0.3%andaccountingfor21.4%ofthetotal;theinvestmentsingeologicalscienceandtechnologyandcomprehensiveresearchwasRMB2.20billion,increasedby11.3%andaccountingfor13.6%ofthetotal;theinvestmentsingeologicaldataserviceanddigitalizationwasRMB0.27billion,decreasedby33.1%andaccountingfor1.7%ofthetotal.SeeFig.3-2fortheproportionofeachinvestment.Amongtheinvestmentsinnon-oil&gasgeologicalexploration,thenationwidefiscalinvestmentsreachedRMB11.01billion,accountingfor68.1%ofthenationaltotal,includingRMB4.63billionthatwasfinancedbythecentralgovernment,decreasedby26.8%andaccountingfor28.6%ofthenationaltotal,andRMB6.39billionthatwasfinancedbylocalgovernments,increasedby20.4%,accountingfor39.5%ofthenationaltotal.RMB5.15billionwasfromsocialinvestment,decreasedby7.8%andaccountingfor31.9%ofthenationaltotal.SeeFig.3-3fortheproportionoftheinvestmentsources.Theinvestmentsinnon-oil&gasmineralexplorationweredominatedbymineralssuchascoal,gold,lead-zincandcopper,totallyaccountingfor51.7%oftotalinvestmentsinnon-oil&gasexplorationinChina.Comparedto2019,theinvestmentsinsilver,lead-zinc,nickel,graphiteandtungstendroppedsignificantly(Table3-1).In2020,theprovincialfundsinvestedingeologicalexplorationreachedRMB2.98billion,includingRMB2.25billioninmineralexploration,whichaccountsfor27.3%ofthetotalnationalinvestmentsinnon-oil&gasmineralexploration(RMB8.25billion)and51.6%ofthenationalfiscalinvestmentsinnon-oil&gasmineralexploration(RMB4.36billion).439mineralexplorationprojectswereimplemented,andcoal,gold,geothermalwater,copperandbauxitetakingupthelargestsharesofinvestmentinadescendingorder.12ChinaMineralResources2021Fig.3-1InvestmentinGeologicalExplorationinChinafrom2010to2020Fig.3-2InvestmentStructureofNon-oilandGasGeologicalExploration(byCategory)Fig.3-3InvestmentStructureofNon-oilandGasGeologicalExploration(byFund)Geologicaldataserviceanddigitalization1.7%Geologicalscienceandtechnologyandcomprehensiveresearch13.6%Mineralexploration51.0%Basicgeologicalsurvey12.3%Hydrogeology,environmentalgeologyandgeologicaldisastersurveyandevaluation21.4%Investmentfromcentralgovernment28.6%Socialinvestment31.9%Investmentfromlocalgovernment39.5%61.6540.7167.4744.3578.6651.0274.1046.9972.1040.5960.0132.9052.7524.7319.8459.7517.3763.6604060100208012014020102011201220132014201520162017201816.1671.0217.2182.132020Year2019Oil&gasNon-oil&gasRMBBillionChapterIII13ExplorationTable3-1MajorMineralExplorationInvestmentsandmetersDrilledin2020MineralInvestmentRMBmillionYear-on-yeargrowth/%MetersdrilledmillionmetersYear-on-yeargrowth/%Coal122322.30.9827.3Iron24810.70.2017.6Manganese15443.90.0860.0Copper613-2.70.34-30.6Zinc641-40.30.46-46.5Bauxite28889.50.32113.3Nickel43-35.80.02-33.3Tungsten159-21.30.12-36.8Tin77120.00.0433.3Molybdenum59-15.70.04-33.3Gold1045-10.80.70-9.1Silver137-52.30.09-65.4Phosphaterock123105.00.0980.0Graphite158-24.00.11-38.9Potash84-6.70.020.014ChinaMineralResources2021II.ProgressinOilandGasExplorationNewdiscoveriesweremadeinnewareasandnewstratainconventionaloilandgasexploration,andmajorbreakthroughsweremadeinexplorationofshalegasandotherunconventionaloilandgasexploration.1.ConventionaloilandgasexplorationMajorbreakthroughsweremadeinultra-deepoilexplorationintheTarimBasin.InwellLE-1#(drillingdepthto8,882meters),high-yieldoilandgasflowswerefoundatthedepthof8,200meterswithoutputof134tonsofoiland45,900cubicmetersofnaturalgasperday.InwellMD-1#,high-yieldoilandgasflowswerefoundatthedepthof7,600meterswithoutputof624tonsofoiland370,000cubicmetersperday.Geologicalreservesofover100milliontonswereidentifiedintheFumanblock.Majorbreakthroughsweremadeinultra-deepwellssuchasShunbei57XandShunbei71X.WellKE-1#,aventureexplorationwellinFukangSagofJunggarBasin,hasmadeamajorbreakthrough,anditisexpectedtoformanoilareawithascaleofmorethan500milliontonsintheeasternpartofthebasin;wellHE-1#,adeepandlargestructuralwildcatwellinthemiddlesectionofthesouthernmarginofthebasin,hasobtainedhigh-yieldoilandgasflowinQingshuiheFormation.BreakthroughsweremadeinnaturalgasexplorationfortheSinian-CambriansystemsatwellPE-1#andwellJE-1#onthenorthslopeoftheMiddleSichuanUpliftintheSichuanBasin.WildcatwellPingqiao-1#,anewCambrianstratumineasternSichuanprogressedsmoothly.2.UnconventionaloilandgasexplorationExplorationofcontinentalunconventionaloilandgassucceededincontinentalfacies.TheoutputofwellsGSOH-1#andYS-1HFinthenorthoftheSongliaoBasinreached38.1cubicChapterIII15Explorationmetersofoiland13,000cubicmetersofnaturalgasperday,and36.1cubicmetersofoiland4,400cubicmetersofnaturalgasperdayrespectivelyintheQingyiMember.ImportantadvancesweremadeinexplorationinnewrealmsandnewplaysofoilandgasintheSichuanBasin.IntheFuxingareaofthesoutheastSichuanBasin,industrialoilandgasflowswereobtainedatwellFS-10HFwithoutputof17.6cubicmetersofoiland55,800cubicmetersofnaturalgasperdayattheJurassicDongyuemiaoFormation,whichwasamajorbreakthroughintheexplorationofJurassiccontinentalshaleoilandgasinnewfields.IntheWulongareaofthesoutheasternSichuanBasin,wellLS-3HFproduced72,000cubicmetersofnaturalgasperdayonatrialbasisattheWufengFormation-LongmaxiFormation,whichwasabreakthroughinexplorationofnormal-pressureshalegasinnewzones.IntheDaozhensynclineofthesoutheastSichuanBasin,wellZS-1HFproduced74,900cubicmetersofnaturalgasperdayinthenormal-pressurestrataoftheWufengFormation-LongmaxiFormation,whichwasabreakthroughinshalegasexplorationinnewzonesofcomplexstructuralareasatthebasinmargin.III.ProgressinNon-oilandGasExplorationAtotalof96newore-fieldswerediscovered,including29large-scale,36medium-scaleand31small-scaledeposits.Gold(7places),geothermalenergy(7places),copper(6places),ceramicclay(5places)andlimestoneforcement(5places)rankedthetopfivemineralsintermsofnewlydiscoveredore-fields.Theincreasein(inferred)resourcesincluded11.96billiontonsofcoal,99milliontonsofironore,31.72milliontonsofmanganeseore,0.86milliontonsofcopper,1.39milliontonsoflead-zinc,374milliontonsofbauxite,1.43milliontonsoftungsten,442.46tonsofgold,532.13tonsofsilver,96.68milliontonsofphosphaterocksand7.83milliontonsofgraphite.16ChinaMineralResources2021Feature3-1AchievementsofProspectingBreakthroughStrategicActionsinTenYearsSincetheimplementationofthe10-yearstrategicactionplanforprospectingbreakthrough(2011-2020),anumberofstrategicsubstituteareasofmineralresourceshadbeenidentifiedbyapplyingnewmechanismsforgeologicalprospectingoperationsanddeepeningthereformofmineralresourcesadministration.Anewlandscapeofoilandgasexplorationanddevelopmenttookshape.Thenewlyincreasedprovedpetroleuminitiallyinplaceofoilandnaturalgasinthepasttenyearswere10.1billiontonsand6.85trillioncubicmetersrespectively,accountingforabout25%and45%ofthetotalprovenreservesrespectivelysincethefoundingofNewChina.RemarkableprogresswasachievedinshalegasexplorationanddevelopmentrepresentedbytheannualoutputoftheSouthSichuanGasFieldreaching11.7billioncubicmetersandthatoftheFulingGasFieldreaching6.7billioncubicmetersaswellasthediscoveryoftheQinshuicoalbedmethanefieldwithreservesofover100billioncubicmeters.Majornewbreakthroughsweremadeinprospectingforsolidminerals.32mineralresourcebaseswerenewlydeveloped,andseveralsandstone-typeuraniumdepositswereidentified.China’sfirst10million-toncopperminewasfoundinDuolong,Tibet;ZhuxiandDahutangtungstendepositsinJiangxibecamethetoptwotungstendepositsintheworld;theJiaodonggoldminebecamethethirdlargestgoldenrichmentareaintheworld.Thereservesincreasedsignificantlyofiron,manganese,copper,bauxite,potash,chromiteandotherbulkmineralsinshortage,andremarkableachievementsweremadeintheexplorationofstrategicemergingmineralresourcessuchascrystallinegraphite,nickel,lithiumandfluorspar,safeguardingthesupplyforemergingmaterialresources.ChapterIV17DevelopmentandUtilizationChapterIVDevelopmentandUtilizationTheyearof2020witnesseddecreaseinfixed-assetinvestmentinChina’sminingindustryandslowinggrowthofproductionofmajormineralproducts,inwhichoilandgasextractiondecreasedalmost30%,theproductiongrowthrateofmajormineralshassloweddown,suchascoal,naturalgas,ironoreandcopperetc.I.Fixed-assetInvestmentinMiningIndustryIn2020,thefixed-assetinvestmentintheminingindustrydecreasedby14.1%,andthegrowthrateofinvestmentsloweddownby38.2percentagepointscomparedwiththepreviousyearandwas17.0percentagepointslowerthanthenationalgrowthrateoffixed-assetinvestment.Specially,onlythenon-metallicmininganddressingsegmentrecordedapositiveincreaseof6.2%infixed-assetinvestmentintheyear;thatinthecoalminingandwashingsegmentdecreasedby0.7%onayear-on-yearbasis;thatintheoilandnaturalgasextractionsegmentdroppedsharplyby29.6%;thedeclineinfixed-assetinvestmentintheferrousandnon-ferrousmetalmininganddressingsegmentswaseasedto10.3%and4.0%respectively(Fig.4-1).18ChinaMineralResources2021Fig.4-2ProductionofPrimaryEnergyFig.4-1ChangesinMiningFixed-assetInvestments020040060080010001200140016002011201220132014201620152020Year201920172018RMBbillionCoalOil&gasFerrousmetalsNon-ferrousmetalsNon-metalsOthers2015201920162017201820112012201320142020Year50%60%70%80%90%100%012354BilliontonsofstandardcoalequivalentProductionSelf-sufficiencyrateChapterIV19DevelopmentandUtilizationII.ProductionandConsumptionofMineralProducts1.EnergyIn2020,Chinaproducedprimaryenergyof4.08billiontonsofcoalequivalent,anincreaseof2.8%overthepreviousyear(Fig.4-2),whileconsumed4.98billiontonsofcoalequivalent,anincreaseof2.2%.Itsenergyself-sufficiencyratewas81.9%.Intheenergyconsumptionmix,coalaccountedfor56.8%,oilaccountedfor18.9%,naturalgasaccountedfor8.4%,andnon-fossilenergysuchashydropower,nuclearpowerandwindpoweraccountedfor15.9%in2020.China’senergyconsumptionmixhaskeptimproving.Inthepastdecade,theproportionofcoalinprimaryenergyconsumptiondecreasedby13.4percentagepoints,whiletheproportionofnon-fossilenergysuchashydropower,nuclearpowerandwindpowerincreasedby7.5percentagepoints(Fig.4-3).Chinaproduced3.9billiontonsofcoalin2020,increasedby1.4%overthepreviousyear,andconsumed4.3billiontons,increasedby0.6%.Itproduced195milliontonsofoilintheyear,increasedby1.6%(Fig.4-4),andconsumed670milliontons,increasedby2.0%.Itproduced192.5billioncubicmetersofnaturalgasintheyear,increasedby9.8%,andconsumed330.6billioncubicmeters,increasedby6.9%.2.MetalsIn2020,China’sproductionofironorewas870milliontons,increasedby3.7%overthepreviousyear(Fig.4-5),andtheapparentconsumption(domesticproduction+imports)was1.42billiontons(standardore).Crudesteelproductionwas1.07billiontons,increasedby7.0%.Tenprincipalnon-ferrousmetalswere61.68milliontons,increasedby5.5%.Copperinconcentratewas1.67milliontons,anincreaseof3.9%;leadinconcentrates1.33milliontons,anincreaseof6.2%;zincinconcentrates2.77milliontons,adecreaseof1.8%.20ChinaMineralResources2021Fig.4-3PrimaryEnergyConsumptionStructureFig.4-4CrudeOilProduction2014201320122011201520192016201720182020Year100%80%60%40%20%0%CoalOilNaturalGasHydropower,nuclearpowerandwindpower-8%-4%0%4%8%100140180220MilliontonsProductionGrowthrate201120122013201420152020Year2019201620172018ChapterIV21DevelopmentandUtilization3.NonmetalsIn2020,Chinaproduced88.93milliontonsofphosphaterocks(30%ofP2O5),increasedby1.3%overthepreviousyear,and2.40billiontonsofcement,increasedby2.5%(Fig.4-6).III.ConservationandComprehensiveUtilizationofMineralResources1.ConservationandcomprehensiveutilizationadvancedsteadilyThepercentageoflargeandmedium-sizedminesinChinaexceeded20%,andtheconcentrationoftheminingindustryincreasedsteadily.Theproductivityoflaborforceinmineralresourcesdevelopment(otherthanoilandgas)increaseddramaticallyfrom1,310tons/person-yearto2,120tons/person-year,whichwasaremarkableprogress.Despitetherisingdifficultyinraworemininganddressingandgenerallydegradingofminedore,mostofthemainmininganddressingindicatorsremainstableorincreaseslightly.Forexample,theaverageextractrecoveryrateofironorebyundergroundminingwas86.7%,andtheaveragerecoveryrateindressingreached76.5%.2.9thbatchofmineralsreleasedwithrequirementsfor“threerates”forreasonabledevelopmentandutilizationInApril2021,theMinistryofNaturalResources’AnnouncementoftheMinimumRequirementsof“ThreeRates”forReasonableDevelopmentandUtilizationofMineralResourcesLikeTripoli(fortrialimplementation)wasreleased,givingtherequirementsfortheextractrecoveryrate,recoveryrateindressing,andcomprehensiveutilizationrate(knownasthe“threerates”)of36mineralsources,includingtripoli,geothermalenergyandcarbondioxidegas.Bythattime,the“threerates”hadbeenformulatedandreleasedforatotalof124kindsofmineralresourcesoverthenineyears,coveringallthemineralsinvolvedintheminesinproduction.22ChinaMineralResources2021Fig.4-5IronOreandCrudeSteelProductionFig.4-6CementProduction2011201220132014201520162017201820190.00.51.01.52.02020YearBilliontonsIronoreproductionCrudesteelproduction2011201220132014201520162017201820190.00.51.01.52.02.53.0Billiontons2020YearRestorationofMineGeologicalEnvironmentandGreenDevelopmentChapterV23ChapterVRestorationofMineGeologicalEnvironmentandGreenDevelopmentMineecologicalrehabilitationwasactivelycarriedout,variousmanagementsystemswerereformedandimproved.Continuouseffortsweremadetorehabilitatetheecologyofabandonedopen-pitminesinkeyriverbasinsandareas.TheSpecificationforMinimizingEnvironmentalImpactsofFieldOperationsinGeologicalSurveyandMineralExplorationwasformulatedandprojectsfordemonstrationofgreenexplorationwerefurthercarriedout.Greenminesoftheyearwereselectedformotivatingtheconstructionofdemonstrationareasforgreenminedevelopment.I.EcologicalRehabilitationinMines1.CentralgovernmentcontinuedfinancialsupporttomineecologicalrehabilitationSince2020,thecentralgovernmenthasallocatedatotalofRMB2billionintwobatchestosupport12provinces/autonomousregionstocarryouttheecologicalrehabilitationand24ChinaMineralResources2021treatmentofminesleftoverfromhistoryintheYellowRiverDrainageandQinghai-TibetPlateau,andfocusedonsolvingtheproblemsofminesleftoverfromhistory,inwhichplayanimportantroleinensuringnationalecologicalsecurity,haveawiderangeofecologicalbenefitsandseriouslyaffectpeople’sworkandlife.2.ProgressofecologicalrehabilitationandtreatmentinminesBasedonremotesensingmonitoring,statisticaldatashowsthatapproximately41.6thousandhectaresofminesiteswerenewlyrehabilitatedaroundthecountryin2020,ofwhich11.1thousandhectareswaspartoftheminesunderconstructionorinoperation,accountingfor26.7%ofthetotal,andthelandof30.5thousandhectaresispartofabandonedmines,accountingfor73.3%ofthetotal.II.GreenExploration1.IndustrystandardsandspecificationsformulatedTheSpecificationforMinimizingEnvironmentalImpactsofFieldOperationsinGeologicalSurveyandMineralExplorationwasreleasedtofillablankingreenexplorationstandardsinChina.ThedraftSpecificationforQualityManagementofGeologicalExplorationActivities(DraftAmendment)hasbeenpubliclyreleasedforcomments.Theindustryexplorationspecificationsfor15kindsofminerals,suchasironore,manganeseore,chromiteandpyrite,provideforgreenexploration,andtheSpecificationforCompilationofGeologicalReportsonMineralExplorationhasaddedsectionsongreenexploration.NaturalresourcesauthoritiesinGuizhou,Qinghai,Shandong,InnerMongolia,Ningxiaandotherprovincesandautonomousregionshavedevelopedlocal(provincial)standardsinlightoflocalcharacteristics.RestorationofMineGeologicalEnvironmentandGreenDevelopmentChapterV252.DemonstrationofgreenexplorationprojectscontinuedThesecondbatch(77)ofgreenexplorationdemonstrationprojectswasselected.Anewgreenexplorationmanagementmechanismof“preventionatthesource,processcontrol,post-treatmentandwhole-processsupervision”hasbeenestablishedonapreliminarybasis.III.ConstructionofGreenMines1.SelectionandevaluationofgreenminesInJanuary2021,theAnnouncementonIncludingCaijiayingZincMineofHebeiHua’aoMiningDevelopmentCo.,Ltd.,etc.intotheNationalListofGreenMines(No.2of2021)wasreleasedwith301minesaddedtothenationallistofgreenmines.Atpresent,thereare1249greenminesinthenationallistofgreenmines,including775largemines,accountingfor62.0%;358medium-sizedmines,28.7%;and116smallmines,9.3%.2.PromotionofconstructionofgreenminingdevelopmentdemonstrationzonesInDecember2020,theAnnouncementonPublishingtheListofGreenMiningDevelopmentDemonstrationZones(No.81of2020)wasreleasedwithalistof50greenminingdevelopmentdemonstrationzonessuchasChengdeofHebeiProvince.Effortsweremadetobuildgreenminingdevelopmentmodelzoneswithreasonablelayout,intensiveandefficientland-use,superiorenvironment,harmonybetweenminesandlocalcommunities,andsounddevelopmentofregionaleconomy.26ChinaMineralResources2021ChapterVIPoliciesandRegulationsonMineralResourcesTherevisionoftheMineralResourcesLaw(DraftAmendment)wascontinuedtofurtherstrengthenlegislationandsupervisioninthefieldofmineralresources,enhanceandimprovelawenforcementrelatedtomineralresources,andkeepofferingpreferentialpoliciesonresourcetax.I.LawsandRegulationsSince2020,theMNRhascooperatedwiththeMinistryofJusticetocarryoutthelegislationsuchassolicitingcommentsontheMineralResourcesLaw(DraftAmendment)(DraftforReview),andlistenedtotheopinionsandsuggestionsofrelevantdepartmentsandunits,localgovernments,researchinstitutionsandrelevantminingenterprisesontherevisionoftheMineralResourcesLaw,andfurtherrevisedandimprovedtheMineralResourcesLaw(DraftAmendment).OnApril29th,2020,the17thsessionoftheStandingCommitteeofthe13thNationalPeople’sCongressreviewedandapprovedthedraftamendmenttotheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofPoliciesandRegulationsonMineralResourcesChapterVI27ChinaonPreventionandControlofSolidWastePollution.Itstipulatesthatminingenterprisesshouldadoptscientificminingmethodsandbeneficiationtechnologies,reducetheoutputandstorageofminingsolidwastessuchastailings,coalgangueandwasterock,andencouragetheadoptionofadvancedtechnologiesfortheircomprehensiveutilization,effectivefromSeptember1,2020.OnMay1,2020,theOpinionsoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonPromotingtheReformofMineralResourcesManagement(Trial)wasformallyimplemented.OnJuly15,2021,theNoticeoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonStrengtheningandImprovingMineralLawEnforcementwasissued,requiringminerallawenforcementdepartmentsatalllevels,instrictaccordancewithlawsandregulationsrelatedtomineralresources,tostrictlyinvestigateandpunishillegalactivitiessuchasunlicensedexplorationandmining,cross-borderexplorationandmining,anddestructivemining,seriouslyinvestigateandpunishprominentproblemsofillegalmining,furthertheanalysisandjudgmentofsituation,strengthenthedetectionandprevention,deepentheminerallawenforcement,andfocusoncorrectingtheproblemoflaxminerallawenforcement.II.TaxesonMineralResourcesIn2020,thenationalresourcestaxrevenuestotaledRMB175.5billion,showingadecreaseof3.7%yearonyear,andaccountingfor1.1%ofthenationaltaxrevenues.TherevenuesfromtransferofminingrightstotaledRMB112.32billion,increasedby19.3%,andthechargesforuse(appropriation)ofprospectingrightsandminingrightstotaledRMB2.85billion,decreasedby20.9%.28ChinaMineralResources2021SinceSeptember1,2020,theResourceTaxLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(No.33OrderofthePresident)hascomeintoeffect,andtheprovinceshaveissuedthespecificapplicabletaxratesintheirownregions.Accordingtothenationalweightedaverage,theresourcetaxratewasbasicallythesamebeforeandaftertheimplementation,amongwhichthemiddleandheavyrareearthandmolybdenumminesdecreasedby7and3percentagepointsrespectively.AccordingtotheAnnouncementoftheMinistryofFinanceandtheStateTaxationAdministrationonContinuedImplementationofPreferentialPoliciesforResourceTax.thesand,gravelandothermaterialscollectedandusedbytheQinghai-TibetRailwayCompanyanditsaffiliatedunitsduringtheoperationperiodcontinuedtobeexemptedfromresourcetax;and●fromApril1,2018toMarch31,2021,theshalegasresourcetaxwasreducedby30%;●fromJanuary1,2019toDecember31,2021,forsmall-scaleVATtaxpayers,resourcetaxcouldbereducedwithin50%ofthetaxamount;●fromDecember1,2014toAugust31,2023,theresourcetaxwasreducedby50%forthecoalreplacedbyfillingmining.Thenewresourcetaxlawnolongeruniformlystipulatesthepreferentialtreatmentforassociated,low-gradeandtailingsutilization,buttheprovinces(autonomousregionsandmunicipalities)maketheirownprovisionsaccordingtotheactualsituation.MineralResourcesManagementChapterVII29ChapterVIIMineralResourcesManagementIn2020,thereformofmineralresourcesandreservesmanagementwascompletedsuccessfullywithnewrulesandstandardsreleased.FormulationoftheNationalMineralResourcesPlan(2021-2025)progressedsmoothly,whilelocalmineralresourcesplansatvariouslevelswerealsobeingformulated.Thesupervisionandmanagementofgeologicalexplorationactivitieswerestrengthened,andthesafetyproductionmanagementofgeologicalexplorationindustrywasenhanced.Thereformoftheminingrighttransfersystemwasacceleratedandtheregistrationinformationofminingrighttransferwasmadeaccessibletothepublic.I.MineralResourcesPlanning1.PreparationofmineralresourcesplanningadvancedsmoothlyTheMNRformulatedtheNationalMineralResourcesPlan(2021-2025)(draftforcomment)incollaborationwiththeNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,MinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology,MinistryofFinance,MinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentandMinistryofCommerce.Commentswereextensivelysolicitedfromrelevantministries,30ChinaMineralResources2021commissions,industryassociationsandlocalnaturalresourcesauthorities,andtheexpertexaminationandthird-partyevaluationhavebeencompleted.Thedraftplanhasbeensubmittedforapproval.2.CompilationoflocalplanningatalllevelspromotedcomprehensivelyAccordingtotherequirementsoftheNoticeonthePreparationofMineralResourcesPlan(2021-2025)issuedbytheMNR,andinaccordancewiththeprincipleoftop-down,upperandlowerlinkage,andcloseprogressing,thepreparationsofprovincial,municipalandcountyplanningisrightunderway.Atpresent,theprovincialdraftplanningformineralresourcesof31provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernmentandXinjiangProductionandConstructionCorpshaveallbeenharmonizedwiththeNationalMineralResourcesPlan(2021-2025),andenteredthepreparationstageforapproval.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,350citiesandmorethan1,600countieshavecarriedoutthepreparationofplanningformineralresourcesattheirownlevels,basicallyachievingthefullcoverageofminingactivitiesinthewholecountry.II.GeologicalExplorationManagement1.BasicsituationofgeologicalexplorationsectorIn2020,therewere2,484geologicalexplorationentitiesinChina,withabout450thousandemployeesandtotalrevenuesofaboutRMB356.7billion.Duringthe13thFive-YearPlan,atnon-oilandgasexplorationentities,thepercapitawagerosesteadily,therevenuesoftheentitiesgrewgradually,andtheirtotalassetsincreasedslowly.Meanwhile,thescaleofthegeologicalexplorationworkforcewasgraduallyreduced,theincomefromminingrighttransferwasdecreasingyearbyyear,andthenetvalueofgeologicalexplorationequipmentdropped.MineralResourcesManagementChapterVII312.Guidingandpromotinghigh-qualitydevelopmentofgeologicalexplorationsectorOnMay10,2021,theGuidelinesoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonPromotingtheHigh-qualityDevelopmentoftheGeologicalExplorationSectorwasreleasedtoguidelocalgovernmentstoactivelyyetprudentlycarryoutthereformforseparationofenterprisesfrompublicinstitutions,explorereformincentivepolicies,expandintonewfields,strengthenthesupervisionandmanagementsystem,maintainorderinthesector,andjointlypromotethehigh-qualitydevelopmentofgeologicalexploration.3.SupervisionmanagementofgeologicalexplorationstrengthenedOnJune8,2021,theNoticeoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonPrintingandDistributingtheMeasuresforSupervisionandManagementofGeologicalExplorationActivities(Trial)wasissued,clarifyingthatthesupervisionandmanagementofgeologicalexplorationactivitiesshouldadheretotheprinciplesofstatutoryduties,creditconstraints,collaborativesupervisionandsocialco-governance,andbystrengtheningsupervisionandcontrol,strivetoconstructasocialco-governancepatternofgeologicalexplorationunitautonomy,industryself-discipline,socialsupervisionandgovernmentcontrol.4.SafetyproductionmanagementofgeologicalexplorationsectorenhancedOnMarch22,2021,theGuidelinesoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonStrengtheningtheSafetyProductionandManagementofGeologicalExplorationandSurveyingandMappingSectorwasissued.Byfurtherconsolidatingtheconceptofsafetyproduction,implementingthemainresponsibilityofsafetyproduction,andstrengtheningthesafetyriskmanagementofkeylinks,thesafetyanddevelopmentofgeologicalexplorationindustrywerecoordinated,theintegrationandcomplementarityofsafetyproductionandbusinessmanagementwererealized,andthefoundationofsafetyproductionwasconstantlyconsolidated.32ChinaMineralResources2021III.MineralResourcesReservesManagement1.CompletionofreformofmineralresourcesandreservesmanagementIn2020,inordertofullyimplementtherequirementsforreformundertheOpinionsoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonPromotingtheReformofMineralResourcesManagement(Trial),theministryreleasedanumberofcorrespondingmeasuresofreformformineralresourcesandreservesmanagement,successfullycompletedthetasksofreform,andestablishedanewsystemofrulesandstandardsforreservesmanagement.2.Asystemofstandardsbasedonthenewclassificationofmineralresourcesandreserves59nationalandindustrystandards,includingClassificationsforMineralResourcesandReservesandClassificationsforPetroleumResourcesandReserves,werereleasedtocreateasystemofstandardsbasedonthenewmethodologyforclassificationofmineralresourcesandreserves,whichisofgreatsignificanceforscientificallyidentifyingthemineralresources,rationallyutilizingtheresourcesandsafeguardingtherightsandinterestsofthestateandbusinesses.3.ImprovedmanagementsystemforreviewingandfilingmineralresourcesandreservesThemanagementsystemforreviewingandfilingmineralresourcesandreserveshasbeenimprovedbyclearlyprovidingthatreviewandfilingareadministrativeactsasanimportantbasisforthestatetoregulatemineralresourcesandreserves.TheCircularoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonMattersConcerningtheManagementofMineralResourcesandReservesReviewandFilingandotherdocumentsclearlydefinethescopeandauthorityofreviewandfiling,streamlinetheprocedures,reducetheapplicationrequirements,shortenthetimeframeforreviewandfiling,opentheonlinesystemforreviewandfiling,andactivelypromote“Internet+governmentservices”.MineralResourcesManagementChapterVII334.CompletionofdataconversionbetweenthenewandoldclassificationstandardsThedatabasecleaning,registrationsupplementinganddigitalizationofassessmentfilingsincetheestablishmentoftheformerMinistryofLandandResourceswereorganizedandcarriedout,dataconversionbetweenthenewandoldclassificationstandardsacrossthecountrywasfullyarranged,andtheprovincesandminingenterpriseswereguidedtocarryoutconversionandverification.Incombinationwithcompilationofthestatisticsofmineralresourcesandreservesandannualreportofminereservesin2020,theconversionofdataunderthenewclassificationstandardswascompletedfor2020.5.EffortsforsmoothimplementationofvariousreformsandsystemsVariouseffortsweremadetopublicizethereformachievementsbyholdingnationaltrainingsessionsviavideoconferencing,publishinginterviewsandinterpretationsonChinaNaturalResourcesNews,issued300QuestionsonInterpretationofTechnicalStandardsofMineralResourcesandReserves,organizingnationalexchangeactivitiesonreviewwork,conductingsurveysanddiscussionsindifferentregionsacrossthecountry,withmorethan40,000participants,andguidingHubei,Henan,Gansuandotherprovincestodelivertrainingtopromotetheimplementationofreforms.IV.MiningRightsManagement1.ComprehensivelypromotingthecompetitivetransferofminingrightswhilestrictlycontrollingtransferunderagreementSincetheimplementationoftheOpinionsoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonPromotingtheReformofMineralResourcesManagement(Trial),localauthoritieshaveconscientiouslyimplementedandcoordinatedeffortstopromotethereformoftheminingrighttransfersystemthroughoutthecountry,implementedtherequirementsforcompetitivetransferofminingrights,strictlycontrolledtransfermadeunderagreement,andcompletelystoppedtransferofprospectingrightstofirstapplicants.Comparedwith2019,amongthenewly34ChinaMineralResources2021offeredprospectingrightsin2020,theproportionofrightstransferredthroughcompetitionsuchasbidding,auctionandlistingincreasedfrom43%to73%,andthatofrightstransferredunderagreementdecreasedby26%withmostfordeepexplorationprojectsatexistingmines.In2020,over80%ofthenewlyofferedminingrightsweretransferredthroughcompetitionsuchasbidding,auctionandlisting,andtheminingrightstransferredunderagreementonlyaccountedfor2%.FromtheimplementationofDocumentNo.7onMay1,totheendofJune2021,atotalof263prospectingrightsand1598miningrightshavebeentransferredinacompetitivemanneracrossthecountry.Ithasbecomeaconsensustoacquireminingrightsthroughfaircompetition.2.CombinedoilandgasexplorationandproductionWhenanoilandgasprospectingrightholderdiscoversoilandgasresourcesthatcanbeexploited,thefirmmayexploittheresourcesonceithasreportedthediscoverywithacompetentauthorityforregistrationofnaturalresources.Underthesystemcombiningoilandgasexplorationandproduction,itispossibletogothroughtheproceduresforexplorationandproductionanddirectlystartextractionwithoutsuspendingthefieldworkwhenoilandgasresourcesarediscovered.Thissystemisadaptedtothetechnicalnecessitiesinexplorationandproductionofoilandgasresources,facilitatesharmonizedplanningbyminingrightsholders,allowsrationalarrangementsofproductionandconstructionactivities,ensuressmoothtransitionfromexplorationtoproduction,reducescosts,acceleratesconstructionandproduction,andfacilitatesoilandgasexplorationandproduction.3.Promotionof“netminingright”transferInordertoimplementthedecision-makingarrangementsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilonthereformofminingrighttransfersystemanddeepenthereformto“streamlineadministrationanddelegatepower,improveregulation,andupgradeservices”,theMNRactivelypromotedthetransferof“netminingrights”bycompletingproceduresforspaceavoidanceofallkindsofprohibitedandrestrictedexplorationandminingareasaswellasrelatedmattersinaccessingland,forest,grassandseaintheearlystageofminingrighttransfer.Thejointexaminationandapprovalmechanismof“netminingright”transfer,thereformpolicyofmininglandandtheestablishmentofmininglandsystemsuitablefortheexplorationandexploitationofmineralresourcesintheMineralResourcesLawMineralResourcesManagementChapterVII35werestudied,anddocumentsforpromotingthetransferof“netminingrights”werebeingdrafted.4.InformationonminingrightstransferpublicizedfurtherAgoodjobwascontinuedinpublicizingtheregistrationofminingrightstransfernationwide.In2020,theportalwebsiteoftheMNRpublicizedatotalof35,592itemsofpublicinformationincludingminingrighttransferregistration,amongthem,therewere31,320publicitiesofminingrightapprovalresults,1,649noticesconcerningtransferbytender,auctionandlisting,1,400publicitiesofresultsoftransferbytender,auctionandlisting,198publicitiesofagreement-basedtransfer,602publicitiesoftransfer,and423publicitiesofnewly-establishedminingrighthandling.5.EstablishmentofaminingrighttransferprojectdatabaseTopromotethereformoftheminingrighttransfersystem,andprepareforworkrelatedtominingrighttransfer,a“miningrighttransferdatabase”foroilandgasandnon-oilandgasprojectshasbeenestablishedandimprovedgradually.InFebruary2021,theMNRreleasedanonlineannouncementsolicitingproposalsonblocksforminingrighttransfer.Itclearlyprovidesthatnaturalresourcesauthoritiesatalllevels,relevantinstitutions,enterprises,researchinstitutesandthepublicmaysubmitproposalsonblocksofoilandgasandnon-oilandgasforminingrightstransferviathesection“ProposalonBlocksforMiningRightsTransfer”oftheserviceportaloftheMNRathttp://zwfw.mnr.gov.cnfromFebruary1,2021.6.Themanagementofsand,gravelandclayminesimprovedInordertopromotethehealthyandorderlydevelopmentofthesandandgravelindustry,alargenumberofminingrightsoflarge-scalesandandgravelmineshavebeenputintothemarketsuccessively,furtheroptimizedthelayoutofsandandgraveldevelopment,acceleratedtheformationofhigh-qualitysandandgravelproductioncapacity,promotedtheminingandutilizationofseasandinanorderlymanner,supportedthecomprehensiveutilizationofwasterocktailings,andpromotedtheoverallutilizationofsandandgravelinengineeringconstruction.36ChinaMineralResources20217.ThemanagementofmercuryminesundertheMercuryConventionpushedforwardWeorganizedthe2020nationalsurveyofmercuryminingrights,establishedmercuryminingrightmanagementledger,participatedintheresearchanddraftingofrelevantmaterialsoftheNationalCoordinationGroupfortheImplementationofStockholmConventionandtheNationalCoordinationGroupfortheImplementationofMercuryConventionin2019andtheKeyWorkPlanfortheImplementationin2020,participatedinthe“ThirdCoordinatorMeetingoftheNationalCoordinationGroupfortheImplementationoftheMercuryConvention”,anddeployandadvancetheworkrelatedtothemanagementofminingrightsundertheMercuryConvention.V.AncientFossilsProtectionManagementTheexaminationandverificationofpaleontologicalfossilexcavationwerestrictlyregulated,and4fossilexcavationswereapproved.Theprovincialpaleontologicalfossilexpertcommitteewasdemonstrated,led,droveandestablished,andthereviewonprotectionandplanningoftheoriginofpaleontologicalfossilswascarriedout.Accordingtotheactualsituationofepidemicpreventionandcontrol,expertswereorganizedtoreviewandapprovetheapplicationforpaleontologicalfossilexcavationbymeansofremotevideo,on-siteverificationofapprovedprojectswastimelyorganized,on-siteguidancewasconductedandproblemsarisingintheexcavationprocesswereurgedtorectify,andrelevantprovincialdepartmentsandofficeswerewellcoordinatedinexcavation-relatedmanagement.ThearrangementsandrequirementsoftheStateCouncilwereimplemented,andtheexitapprovaldocumentsofpaleontologicalfossilswereincludedintothe“singlewindow”ofthecustomsdepartments.TheidentificationandrecoveryofsuspectedChinesepaleontologicalfossilsinterceptedbytheUnitedStatesandChilewereorganized,andtheidentificationofsuspectedChinesepaleontologicalfossilswascarriedoutabroadonce,andonesamplewasidentified.WeassistedincarryingouttheNationalInter-MinisterialJointConferenceonComprehensiveControlofAnti-smugglingandtheInter-ministerialJointConferenceonCulturalRelicsSafety,andparticipatedintheidentificationofinvolvedfossilsseizedbypublicsecurity,customsdepartmentsotherdepartmentsfor10times,with533samplesidentified.GeologicalDataManagementandServicesChapterVIII37ChapterVIIIGeologicalDataManagementandServicesIn2020,naturalresourcesauthoritiesatalllevels,geologicaldatacollectioninstitutionsandgeologicaldataentrustedstorageentitiesnationwideworkedtogethertofightthepandemic,strengthenthecollectionanddeliverymanagementofgeologicaldata,solidlypromotethesupplementarydeliveryofoilandgasgeologicaldata,fullyenablethegeologicaldatainformationmanagementservicesystemandpromoteopenutilizationandsharingofservices.Theabilityofgeologicaldatamanagementandservicehasbeencontinuouslyenhanced.I.GeologicalDataManagementSystemTheNoticeoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesontheFullLaunchoftheGeologicalDataManagementServiceSystem,theNoticeoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonFurtherImprovingtheManagementofGeologicalDataCollectionandDelivery,andtheNoticeoftheGeneralOfficeoftheMinistryofNaturalResourcesonImprovingtheDigitizationandInformationSharingofRockCoresandotherdocumentswerereleasedtostrengthenthesupervisionduringandaftertheexchangeofgeologicaldata,38ChinaMineralResources2021promotethe“Internet+geologicaldata”governmentservice,establishthecreditsystemofgeologicaldataexchange,andfurtherstandardizeandimprovethemanagementsystemofgeologicaldata.II.GeologicalDataCollection1.AchievementsandoriginalgeologicaldataBytheendof2020,geologicaldatacollectioninstitutionsattheministerialandprovinciallevelshadatotalcollectionof653,400filesofgeologicaldataachievementsand49,100filesoforiginalgeologicaldata.Theentrustedunitsreceivedatotalof882,700filesoforiginalgeologicaldata,andkeptacumulativetotalof1,151,300filesoforiginalgeologicaldata.2.PhysicalgeologicaldataBytheendof2020,geologicaldatacollectioninstitutionsattheministryandprovinciallevelskeptatotalof2,447,900metersofcores,219,700bagsofcuttings,101,100specimens,249,900piecesofpolishedsectionandthinsection,and6,071,800bags/bottlesofsamples.Theentrustedunitsreceivedphysicalgeologicaldataincludingtotally729,600metersofcoresand10,042,400bagsofcuttings,andaccumulativeentrustedcustodyof893,800metersofcoresand20,246,500bagsofcuttings.III.GeologicalDataServices1.CollectionserviceGeologicaldatacollectioninstitutionsatthenationalministryandprovinciallevelsreceived14,600visitsfromusers,provideddatautilizationservices6,715,600times,provided44.7TBofdataduplication,andprovided521,400geologicaldatacataloguesonline.Thevolumeofgeologicaldataonlineservicesofalllevelsofcollectioninstitutionsincreasedsignificantly,andGeologicalDataManagementandServicesChapterVIII39thenumberofgeologicaldatawebsiteservicevisitsreached10,370,600,anincreaseof90%over2019.Itactivelypromoted“onlinereservationandonlineacceptance”fordatacollectionanddelivery,“onlineorderandonlineapplication”fordataservices,andprovidedbusinessconsultationandborrowingservicesthroughvariousmeanssuchastheInternet,telephoneandmail,andfullyguaranteedgeologicaldataservicesduringthepandemic.Thedisclosureofinformationongeologicaldatamanagementandserviceshasbeenpromotedinanorderlymanner.1,730deliveryvoucherinformationofgeologicaldataofprospectingrightswereprovidedtothenationale-governmentinformationsharingandexchangeplatformin2020.Informationonthecollectionanddeliveryofgeologicaldatafor72,000miningrightsandgeologicalworkprojectsfrom2012to2020waspublicized,98,000piecesofvariousmanagementinformation,suchasdeliveryvouchers,no-datacommitments,deliverywithinatimelimitandexceptionlistsweremadepublic.TheconstructionoftheNationalGeologicalInformationDataCentrehasbeensteadilyprogressing.Thegeologicaldatainformationmanagementservicesystemhasbeenappliednationwide,realizingtheinterconnectionandbusinesscollaborationamongthephysicalcenter,31provinciallibraries,theheadquartersoffouroilandgascompaniesand35entrustedstorageunits.2.Geologicalcloudonlineservice“GeologyCloud3.0”wasofficiallylaunchedtobuilda“bigmap”ofgeosciencedatacovering11categories,98coredatabasesand2,717layers.Ithasadded7,000authoritativeinformationproductsonresourcesandenvironment,morethan2.7millionnationalgeochemicalsurveydata,morethan50,000geologicalboreholedata,45,000metersofphysicalcoreimagedata,83,000geologicalprofiles,200,000piecesofpublicgeologicaldata,228,000ore-fieldsdata,110,000geologicalbookssincethefoundingofthecountry,andotherauthoritativegeologicalinformationproducts.Bytheendof2020,thenumberofregisteredusersreached65,000,with3.66millionvisits,862,000viewsand503,000downloadsofdataproductsin2020.40ChinaMineralResources2021ChapterIXScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResourcesIn2020,remarkableachievementshavebeenmadeintheresearchofmineralresourceswithbreakthroughsfrommanyresearchprojects.Anumberofimportantnationalandindustrialstandardswerereleased,andmanykeylaboratoriesandengineeringandtechnologicalinnovationcenterswererecognized.I.TechnologicalMilestonesinFieldofMineralResources1.MajorimprovementsChinasuccessfullycompletedthesecondroundoftrialextractionofnaturalgashydrateatsea.Itmasteredthecoretechnologyofhorizontalwelldrillingandextractioninshallowsoftstrataindeepsea,andtookamajorleapfromexploratorytrialproductiontoexperimentaltrialproduction.ThismadeChinathefirstcountryintheworldtoproducenaturalgashydrateatseawithhorizontalwelldrillingandextractiontechnology.Breakthroughsweremadeinhigh-efficiencyfracturingwithfractureandshockcontrolinhotdryrock,andmulti-targetprecisedirectionaldrillinginhigh-temperaturehardrock.ScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResourcesChapterIX41Large-scalefracturingandreservecreationwithhotdryrocksucceededintheGongheBasin,QinghaiProvince.Guidedbythecontinentalcollisionmetallogenictheory,thefirst3,000-meterscientificdeepdrillingofsolidmineralswassuccessfullycompletedintheJiamaminingareaoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau,wherecopper-molybdenumorebodiesinthickporphyrywerediscovered.Byinnovatingthedeepexplorationtechnologyandmethods,enrichingandimprovingthedeepgoldmineralizationtheory,thetotalresourcesoftheJiaojiaGoldMinewereincreasedtomorethan2,500tonsthroughdeepdrillingverification.2.MajorachievementsSignificantachievementsweremadeinbasicfieldsofgeologicalresearch.Leveragingthenationalkeyresearchanddevelopmentprogramof“DeepStructureandMetallogenicProcessofCollisionOrogenicandMetallogenicSysteminQinghai-TibetPlateau”,researchersmeticulouslydepictedthecrustalstructureoftheGangdisicollisionzone,suggestedthegrowthmechanismandmetallogeniccouplingmechanismofextremelythickcrust,uncoveredthethree-dimensionalstructureofthemaincollisionmetallogenicsystem,identifiedthemetallogenic“source-transfer-storage”system,visualizedthethreeimportantoreconcentrationareasonapreliminarybasis,andachievedmajorbreakthroughsinprospecting.Importantbreakthroughshavebeenmadeinshalegastheory,methods,keytechnologiesandequipment.Favorablelitho-faciesandenrichmentmechanismwereclarifiedformarinefacies,marine-continentalinteractivefacies,andcontinentalshalegasformation,andaccumulationmodelof“sevenphases,fourevolutions,sevenreservoir-controlling”wasproposed.Aclassificationandsystematizationofshalegasresourceevaluationmethodsystemandparametersystemsuitableforthecountrywasestablished.Rapidanalysisoforganicgeochemistryandthree-dimensionalquantitativecharacterizationofmicro-nano-scaleporestructureandcompositionwasformedforthehighlyevolvedshalegas.Thein-situtestingtechnologywasconqueredofformationpressureina3000-meterdeepwell.Avehicle-mountedfastmulti-parametercomprehensiveanalysissystemwasdevelopedforshalegas.42ChinaMineralResources2021Anumberofkeycoretechnologieswereconquered,suchasverticaldeviationcompensationbasedonthegravityfieldmodelandaccurateextractionofweakgravitysignals.Theaviationgravity/vectorgravitysurveysystemwithcompletelyindependentintellectualpropertyrightshasbeendeveloped.Airbornegravitymeasurementaccuracyreaches0.58mGal,almostthesamewiththeinternationaladvancedlevel,anditsairbornegravityandvectorgravityexplorationsystemsreachedtheworld’sleadinglevel.Methodsandsoftwareforprocessingandinterpretationofairbornegravitymeasurementdataweredeveloped.Forthefirsttime,airbornegravitymeasurementwascarriedoutintheMountEverestregion,fillingthegravitygapinMountEverestanditssurroundingareas,increasingtheaccuracyofthequasi-geoidmodelby3.0cm,andprovidingtechnicalsupportfortheprecisemeasurementoftheelevationofMountEverest.Fulltensoraeromagneticgradiometersystemsweresuccessfullydevelopedforsuper-conductingunderlowandhightemperature.II.TechnicalStandardsintheFieldofMineralResources61industrialstandardswerereleasedinconnectionwithgeologyandmineralresourcesand11changeordersfornationalstandardsandindustrialstandardswerereleasedin2020.Encompassingmineralresourceexplorationanddynamicreservemanagementof,accordingtotherequirementsforreformrelatedtostandardsonclassificationofmineralresourcesandreserves,theministryreleased46industrialstandards,includingtheSpecificationforCompilationofGeologicalReportsonMineralExploration,SpecificationforMineralExplorationIron,ManganeseandChromiumandRegulationofShaleGasResourcesandReservesEstimation,andchangeordersfornationalstandardsSpecificationforExplorationofSolidMineralResourcesandSpecificationforComprehensiveExplorationandEvaluationofMineralResourcesandindustrialstandardsincludingSpecificationforUraniumMineralExplorationandSpecificationforVanadiumMineralExploration.Inaddition,twoindustrialstandards,i.e.GraphicIllustrationofMineralResourcesPlanningandMineralsProgrammingDatabaseStandardFormat,werereleased.ScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinMineralResourcesChapterIX436industrialstandards,includingtheGravitySurveyTechnicalSpecificationforMarineGeologicalSurvey,MagneticSurveyTechnicalSpecificationforMarineGeologicalSurveyandNavigationandPositioningSpecificationforMarineGeologicalSurvey,werereleasedtosupportthestrategyofbuildingChinaintoamaritimepower;theindustrialstandardofSpecificationforEngineeringGeologicalSurvey(1∶50000)wasreleasedforengineeringgeologicalsurveyactivitiestoappropriatelydeterminethezoningevaluationunits,indicatorsandmethods;7industrialstandards,suchasTechnicalSpecificationforResistivitySounding,ShallowSeismicExplorationTechnologySpecificationsandSpecificationofGeochemicalDetailedSurvey,werereleasedforeffectivelypromotingtheapplicationofgeologicalandmineralexplorationtechnologiesandmethods.III.TechnologicalInnovationPlatformsinFieldofMineralResourcesInNovember2020,theMeasuresforAdministrationofTechnologicalInnovationPlatformsRecognizedbytheMinistryofNaturalResources(Trial)werereleased.InMarch2021,52fieldscientificobservationandresearchstationswereincludedinthebaseoftechnologicalinnovationplatformsrecognizedbytheMNR.InAugust2021,theministryannouncedalistof42newlyrecognizedkeylaboratories.Keylaboratoriesandengineeringandtechnologyinnovationcentersgatheredhigh-endtalents,undertookkeyinnovationtasks,implementedreformofthescientificresearchsystemandmechanism,andmadeawiderangeofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.Amongthem,theEngineeringandTechnologyInnovationCenterofNaturalGasHydrateExplorationandDevelopmentorganizedresearchtasksontrialextractionofnaturalgashydrate,whichstronglysupportedthesuccessoftrialproductionofnaturalgashydrateintheShenhuseaarea.44ChinaMineralResources2021ChapterXInternationalCooperationIn2020,despitethesignificantimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemiconinternationalcooperationinthefieldofmineralresources,theministryactivelymaintainedtieswithrelevantcountriesandinternationalorganizationsthroughinnovativewaysofexchangeandcooperation,andkeptpromotingcooperationingeologicalandmineralprojectsandfurtherconsolidatecooperativerelationsthroughinternationalexchangeplatformssuchasChinaMiningandASEAN+3SeniorMiningOfficialConsultations.I.BilateralandMultilateralCooperationMechanisms1.BilateralcooperationTheministryactivelypromotedpragmaticcooperationwithSaudiArabia,Pakistan,Nepal,Liberia,Rwanda,Russia,Poland,Germany,Turkeyandothercountriesinthefieldofgeologyandmineralresources,andfurtherstrengthenedcooperationingeoscienceresearch,geologicalsurvey,mineralresourcesdevelopmentandmanagement,mineralexplorationtechnologyandmethods,mininginvestment,etc.Anagencyundertheministrysuccessfullywonthecontractfor“High-PrecisionGeochemicalExplorationofSedimentsandHeavySandSamplesofRiverInternationalCooperationChapterX45SystemsinSaudiArabianShield”,whichenrichedthecooperationbetweenChinaandSaudiArabiaunderthe“BeltandRoadInitiative”.TheassistancefromChinaforgeologysurveyinNepal,RwandaandLiberiadeliverednewprogressandservedthebettermentofthepeople’slivelihoodofthesecountries.Theministryenteredanumberofcooperationarrangementswithforeigngeologicalsurveyinstitutionsinfieldssuchasbasicgeologicalsurvey,marinegeology,mineralresourcesresearchandgeologicaldisasters.Forexample,itsignedamemorandumofunderstandingoncooperationwithGermany,aprojectcooperationagreementwithThailand,andlettersofintentforcooperationwithRussiaandItaly.2.MultilateralCooperationTheministrysignedamemorandumofunderstandingwiththeInternationalUnionofGeologicalSciences(IUGS),agreeingthatthesecretariatofIUGSwillcontinuetobestationedinChinafrom2021to2028.IUGSappreciatesChina’ssenseandspiritofreponsibilityinpromotingthedevelopmentofinternationalgeosciences.TheInternationalResearchCenteronKarstundertheauspicesofUNESCOheldaninternationalseminaron“KarstResources,EnvironmentandEcologicalIndustry”onlineforthefirsttime,whichlaidasolidfoundationformultilateralcooperationinthekarstfieldinChina.TheUNESCOInternationalCentreonGlobal-ScaleGeochemistryorganizedonlineinternationalseminarstoshareChina’sadvancedgeochemicalmappingtechnology.Theministryparticipatedinthe13thASEAN+3SeniorMiningOfficialConsultations,whichstudiedtheworkplanforthesecondphase(2021-2025)underthe“ASEANMiningCooperationActionPlan”.Theministryparticipatedinthe56thAnnualMeetingandthe74thand75thSteeringCommitteeMeetingsoftheCoordinatingCommitteeforGeoscienceProgramsinEastandSoutheastAsia(CCOP),andparticipatedinthepreparationofCCOP2021-2025StrategicPlanandWorkPlan,whichfurtherdefinedthecooperationneedsinthenextfiveyears.46ChinaMineralResources2021Theministryparticipatedinthe52ndand53rdSteeringCommitteeMeetingsoftheGrouponEarthObservations(GEO),organizedtheworkofGEOinanall-roundwayastherotatingpresidencyin2020,guidedtheGEOSecretariattoconductannualaudits,andreviewedrelevantimplementationplansofGEO.II.InternationalMiningCooperationPlatformsByovercomingtheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemic,ChinaMining2020washeldin“offline+online”formsasscheduled.Onthethemeof“Responsibility,InnovationandGovernance”,theconferenceconsistedfourparts:openingceremony,forums,cloudexhibitionandcloudpromotion.LeadersfromtheministryandTianjin,diplomaticenvoysinChinafromPeru,Brazil,Guinea,Tanzania,Argentina,Chile,MadagascarandSouthAfrica,andrepresentativesfromnearly100enterprises,financialinstitutionsandtradeassociationsathomeandabroadattendedtheopeningceremony.Enterprisesandexhibitorsfrom35countriesandterritoriesattendedtheconferenceandexhibition.Encompassingonthenewtrendsandchangesintheinternationalminingindustryandthenewimperativesofthe“BeltandRoadInitiative”forinternationalminingcooperation,theconferenceheldonethemeforum,sixspecializedforums,fournationalpromotionsessionsandtwelveminingprojectpromotionsessions.Thecloudplatformshowcasedandpromotedatotalof82overseasminingprojects,whichwerewidelydistributedincountriesalongthe“BeltandRoadInitiative”,layingasolidfoundationforpragmaticcooperationbetweenChineseandforeignminingenterprises.