中国天然气发展报告国家能源局石油天然气司国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心2022中国天然气发展报告国家能源局石油天然气司国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心（2022）《中国天然气发展报告（2022）》编委会（以下按姓氏笔画排序）主任：任京东凌月明隆国强副主任：刘红余国吴裕根高世楫委员：王晶王晓伟刘潇潇陆家亮杨雷杨上明杨丽丽陈进殿李莉李政李继峰姜学峰段兆芳郭焦锋潘继平支持单位：中国石油经济技术研究院中国石油勘探开发研究院中国石油规划总院中国石化经济技术研究院中国海油能源经济研究院国家管网集团研究总院中国国际工程咨询有限公司北京大学能源研究院清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院前言2021年，全球新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情（简称新冠疫情）持续蔓延，世界经济缓慢复苏。能源消费恢复增长，区域供需矛盾突出，加之全球地缘政治与金融风险交织，全球能源价格大幅上升且剧烈波动。统筹能源低碳转型和能源供应安全，成为世界各国能源发展的共同挑战。2021年，中国面对复杂严峻的国内外形势和风险挑战，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，实现“十四五”良好开局，取得显著成效。中国天然气行业深入贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示批示精神，产供储销体系建设取得阶段性明显成效。天然气行业发展总体实现量增价稳，采暖季民生用气得到有力保障，天然气在一次能源消费结构中占比稳步提升。面对更趋复杂的外部环境和能源发展改革的新形势、新要求，天然气行业将以产供储销体系建设为工作指引，统筹发展和安全，立足行业保供稳价，系统谋划、综合施策，不断夯实国内资源基础，加快设施投资建设，提升科技创新能力，深化体制机制改革，完善市场体系设计，努力推动行业高质量发展，为保障国家能源安全、加快建设能源强国贡献行业力量。目录一、2021年国内外天然气发展形势……………………………1（一）世界天然气发展……………………………………………1（二）中国天然气发展……………………………………………3二、2022年中国天然气发展面临的新形势、新要求……………6（一）外部环境不确定性增加，能源安全面临新挑战…………6（二）能源强国对天然气行业高质量发展提出新要求…………6（三）全国统一能源市场建设提出天然气行业发展新任务……7三、2022年天然气产供储销体系建设重点方向………………8（一）立足国内加大释放国内供应潜力，提升自主保障能力……8（二）统筹谋划适度先行，推动天然气基础设施投资建设……8（三）有为政府和有效市场相结合，积极应对国内外能源格局深刻调整………………………………………………9（四）坚持创新发展，塑造行业发展新优势……………………10四、2022年中国天然气市场展望………………………………11结束语……………………………………………………………132021—2022年中国天然气发展大事记…………………………14·1·中国天然气发展报告（2022）一、2021年国内外天然气发展形势A（一）世界天然气发展1.天然气消费快速反弹并超过新冠疫情前水平2021年，世界天然气消费量4.0万亿立方米，同比增速由上年的-1.6%回升至5.3%，较2019年增长3.4%。北美地区全年天然气消费量1.03万亿立方米，与上年持稳。其中，美国消费量8267亿立方米，同比下降0.4%，主要是由于发电用气下降、工业用气疲软。欧洲消费量5711亿立方米，同比增长5.7%，较2019年增长3.0%，居民商业和发电用气恢复性增长是主要动因。亚太地区全年消费量9183亿立方米，同比增长6.2%，贡献全球天然气消费增长的26.8%。其中，中国、韩国、印度、新兴市场同比分别增长12.5%、9.0%、3.1%和2.6%；日本用气需求较为低迷，同比下降0.2%。2.天然气勘探开发投资回升，但仍低于近十年平均水平2021年，受需求增长和价格上涨双重驱动，世界天然气产量4.0万亿立方米，同比增长1754亿立方米，增幅达4.8%。其中，北美、俄罗斯-中亚、中东地区产量位居前三，分别为11358亿立方米、8960亿立方米和7149亿立方米，增速A本部分世界天然气储量、生产、消费和贸易的数据主要来源于《BP世界能源统计》，天然气液化能力和项目、勘探开发投资数据来源于埃信华迈（IHS）；中国天然气储量数据来源于自然资源部《全国油气矿产储量通报（2021）》，中国天然气产量数据来源于国家统计局，消费数据来源于行业统计，进出口数据来源于国家海关总署。ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·2·分别为2.4%、10.9%和4.2%。2021年全球新增储量1.04万亿立方米，世界天然气剩余可采储量192万亿立方米。据IHS统计，2021年全球油气勘探开发投资支出3470亿美元，较2020年增长450亿美元，增幅达15%，但远低于近十年平均水平（4800亿美元）。3.世界天然气贸易量出现下降，全球新投产液化产能低速增长2021年，世界天然气贸易量12206亿立方米，同比减少2.3%。管道气贸易量7044亿立方米，同比减少6.8%，占天然气贸易总量的57.7%。液化天然气（LNG）贸易量5162亿立方米，同比增长5.6%。LNG贸易中现货和3年内短期合约贸易量1693亿立方米，占LNG总贸易量的32.8%。2021年，全球已投产液化设施产能4.65亿吨/年，新增产能754万吨/年，同比增速由上年的5.8%降至1.6%，液化设施负荷率达到80%，同比上升2个百分点。4.天然气价格大幅攀升且全球联动性增强欧洲天然气需求快速恢复，区内气田明显减产，管道气和LNG进口量下降，全年供需紧张。尤其是下半年，新能源出力不足，碳价高企，地下储气库库存低于过去五年平均水平，荷兰产权转让设施（TTF）天然气现货价格一度达到60.28美元/百万英热单位的历史高点，年均价格15.9美元/百万英热单位，同比上涨398%。受欧洲高气价驱动，亚洲至欧洲LNG跨区套利贸易大幅增长，亚洲与欧洲现货价格联动明显·3·中国天然气发展报告（2022）增强，年内均呈现前低后高走势，年内LNG现货报价最高达到46.45美元/百万英热单位，全年到岸均价14.5美元/百万英热单位，同比上涨279%。长协价格主要受油价影响，全年东北亚地区LNG进口均价10.7美元/百万英热单位，同比上涨51%。美国由于LNG出口强劲，原料气需求大幅增加，天然气供需基本面持续紧张。美国亨利中心（HH）天然气现货年均价格3.9美元/百万英热单位，同比上涨93%。（二）中国天然气发展1.天然气消费快速增长，在一次能源结构中占比稳步提升2021年，中国宏观经济实现“十四五”良好开局，全国天然气消费量3690亿立方米，增量410亿立方米，同比增长12.5%。2021年中国天然气占一次能源消费总量的比例升至8.9%，较上年提升0.5个百分点。从消费结构看，工业用气同比增长14.4%，占天然气消费总量的40%；发电用气同比增长13.4%，占比18%；城市燃气同比增长10.5%，占比32%；化工化肥用气同比增长5.8%，占比10%。分省看，广东、江苏、四川、山东和河北消费量位居前五，广东和江苏消费量均超300亿立方米，增速分别为25.5%和2.2%；四川、山东和河北消费量均超200亿立方米。2.勘探开发持续发力，新增储量产量再创新高2021年，全国天然气新增探明地质储量16284亿立方米。其中，常规气（含致密气）、页岩气、煤层气新增探明地质ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·4·储量分别达到8051亿立方米、7454亿立方米和779亿立方米。2021年，全国天然气产量2076亿立方米，同比增长7.8%，连续五年增产超100亿立方米。3.天然气进口稳步增长，管道气进口增速超过LNG2021年，进口天然气1680亿立方米，同比增长19.9%。其中，澳大利亚、土库曼斯坦、俄罗斯、美国、卡塔尔及马来西亚六个国家的进口量合计1290亿立方米，占比77%。管道气进口量591亿立方米，同比增长22.9%。LNG进口量1089亿立方米，同比增长18.3%。澳大利亚是中国最大的LNG进口来源国，进口量430亿立方米，占比39.4%，同比增长7.7%；美国超越卡塔尔成为中国第二大LNG进口来源国，进口量124亿立方米，占比11.4%，同比增长191.1%。4.天然气基础设施建设加快推进，储气能力快速提升2021年，全国主干天然气管道总里程达到11.6万千米。长岭—永清管道、南北中通道郴州—韶关段、海南管网东环线、粤东LNG外输管线等建成投产，西气东输三线中段、永清—上海管道全面开工，西气东输四线完成核准，川气东送二线加快推进。储气设施开工建设全面提速，采暖季前地下储气库实现“应储尽储”。2021年，全国已建成储气能力同比增长15.8%，三年多时间实现翻番。5.天然气保供稳价取得积极成效在国际油气价格高企、剧烈波动的不利形势下，国内天然气市场总体实现量增价稳。市场化、合同化保供机制深入·5·中国天然气发展报告（2022）人心，合同内保供、合同内调节稳定行业发展和资源保供基本盘。国产气和进口长协气源发挥保供稳价压舱石作用，大企业特别是国有企业发挥天然气保供稳价主力军作用。主干管网运营企业加快管网投资建设速度，大力提升管网互联互通水平，全国基础设施尖峰供气能力进一步提升。各地扎实做好有序用气调节及应急预案，民生用气需求得到有力保障。出台《天然气管道运输价格管理办法（暂行）》和《天然气管道运输定价成本监审办法（暂行）》，加强自然垄断环节价格监管。6.技术攻关成果显著，自主创新能力进一步提升创新发展深层页岩气钻井提速技术，实现长水平段高效快速钻进。截至2021年底，四川盆地深层页岩气最短钻井周期已低于30天，最深完钻井深已达7000米以上，最长水平段达3601米。深层超深层天然气实现了一批重大装备和关键工具的自主研发，多口超深井迈上8500米新台阶。海洋油气领域，“深海一号”大气田顺利投产，实现3项世界级创新，攻克12项关键装备国产化难题。地下储气库强化库（群）集约化建设新模式，创新形成复杂断块油气藏新老井协同排液与注采建库技术，完成国内首个复杂连通老腔改建盐穴储气库工程建设方案。天然气管道重大技术装备研发持续推进，首次提出管道金属损失及裂纹缺陷电磁控阵检测原理和方法，研制首台1016毫米口径油气管道电磁控阵内检测器等。ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·6·二、2022年中国天然气发展面临的新形势、新要求（一）外部环境不确定性增加，能源安全面临新挑战近年来，全球能源格局加快调整，市场波动明显加剧。乌克兰危机等地缘政治角力影响能源市场平稳运行，国际能源市场秩序和运营规则面临新挑战，能源底线安全成为各国面临的共同课题。当前全球化石能源生产和基础设施投资强度仍不能完全适应能源安全发展需要，叠加新能源快速发展，中长期全球能源安全面临的不确定性增加。欧洲寻求减少对俄罗斯天然气的依赖，进口LNG需求上升，欧美亚区域天然气市场联动增强，区域供需风险对全球天然气市场影响进一步放大。能源安全领域新旧风险交织，如何建立健全风险防范和应对机制，持续推动产业链供应链平稳运行等，是中国天然气发展面临的新挑战。（二）能源强国对天然气行业高质量发展提出新要求2021年，中央经济工作会议提出加快建设能源强国。围绕天然气发展，明确国内生产自给的战略底线，发挥国有企业支撑托底作用，加快油气等资源先进开采技术推广应用，着力释放国产气特别是非常规天然气增储上产潜力。加强天然气储备能力建设，发挥其在季节调峰、应急保供和应对突发事件短供断供等方面的调节保障作用。进一步完善开放条·7·中国天然气发展报告（2022）件下的保供责任划分与制度建设，发挥好各类市场主体在保供稳价中的积极作用。实现科技自立自强，进一步提升核心技术自主研发能力，推动在天然气上游勘探开发、基础设施建设、节能高效利用等领域的技术装备攻关和智能化应用。立足“双碳”发展目标，不断强化产业链发展的韧性和弹性，在稳定供应基础上，推动天然气高效利用，促进油气与新能源融合发展，在促进减污降碳协同方面发挥更大作用。夯实高水平对外开放合作，充分发挥中国在推动全球天然气贸易和投资稳健发展、构建互利共赢的国际合作格局中的积极作用，深度融入全球天然气产业链。（三）全国统一能源市场建设提出天然气行业发展新任务加快建设全国统一大市场强调立破并举，深化发展要素市场化配置改革。强化天然气市场建设，一方面要求不断健全自身市场体系，建立完善市场规则、标准，另一方面要着力推动天然气与新能源融合发展。要坚持基础设施“全国一张网”统筹规划、适度先行，发挥基础设施促投资、稳增长作用，发挥基础设施对天然气市场培育和完善引导作用。要打破行政性、区域性垄断，立足全国加快天然气产供储销体系建设，持续推动天然气管网设施互联互通并向各类市场主体高质量开放；加快推动省级管网市场化融入国家管网，促进天然气在市场的自由流动和灵活调配。加快推动构建天然气能量计量计价体系。ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·8·三、2022年天然气产供储销体系建设重点方向2022年是第二个百年目标的开局之年，是“十四五”规划的关键之年。油气行业深刻认识和把握“三新一高”要求，以落实“十四五”规划目标和重大任务为抓手，不断推进产供储销体系建设走深走实，努力实现高质量发展。（一）立足国内加大释放国内供应潜力，提升自主保障能力牢记习近平总书记“能源的饭碗必须端在自己的手里”的嘱托，大力提升勘探开发力度，保障能源安全。强化国有企业的责任考核和使命担当，不断增强国内天然气生产保障能力，持续增储上产。强化勘探特别是风险勘探投资，加快资源探明，夯实资源基础，强化储量接续。加快科技创新和工程示范，推动油气等资源先进开采技术开发应用。围绕深层深水常规气、深层页岩气、煤层气等难动用储量资源，强化勘探评价和科技攻关，推动效益建产、高效上产。（二）统筹谋划适度先行，推动天然气基础设施投资建设落实国务院稳住经济大盘工作部署要求，适度超前加快天然气基础设施投资建设，更好地满足天然气行业持续稳定发展的形势要求。加快推进永清—上海管道、西气东输三线中段、西气东输四线、川气东送二线等一批重大、标志性工·9·中国天然气发展报告（2022）程，强化“十四五”规划落地实施。加快完善区域及省内管道，强化供需衔接。支持实施天然气长输老旧管道更新改造，保障产业链平稳运行。督促和指导相关企业切实简化优化管道、地下储气库等重大工程内部决策程序，强化落实国家战略相关考核，加快投资批复，加大投资力度，加快建设进度。依托产供储销体系建设专班工作机制，央地企联动，不断强化重大工程实施的资源要素保障。（三）有为政府和有效市场相结合，积极应对国内外能源格局深刻调整当前国际油气价格高企，国内天然气行业发展不平衡不协调新问题有所显现。多措并举，积极化解产业链各环节矛盾，疏导痛点难点。督促和引导国有企业天然气增储上产，并进一步激发基层企业干劲和活力。压实地方政府民生保供主体责任和城镇燃气企业民生保供“最后一公里”主体责任。强化合同签订、规范合同执行、加强履约监管。在保供稳价的同时，积极发挥价格在合理区间波动等市场信号对资源配置的决定性作用，不断强化合同内保供、合同内调节，谁欠供谁赔付，谁超用谁补偿；更好地发挥政府作用，围绕居民用气供应保障，合理核定居民用气等民生用气量，聚焦重点矛盾、因地制宜、精准施策，不断探索完善区域性、差异化、可落地的保障措施。坚持市场化改革方向，稳步推进管网运营体制机制改革，完善管网运行调度规则，加强管网设施公平开放监管，提升管网设施利用效率，推动建立管网气量平ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·10·衡辅助服务市场机制；明确和规范各类市场主体保供责任，推进设施高质量开放。（四）坚持创新发展，塑造行业发展新优势加强科技装备攻关。加快油气等资源先进开采技术、装备开发应用，加快管网数字化、智能化、标准化体系建设等。加强模式探索创新。因地制宜、因省施策，积极推动省级管网以市场化方式融入国家管网公司；压缩供气层级，简化收费模式，结合省网融入鼓励探索开展管输费“一票制”结算等模式创新，提高用户改革获得感。加强新业态探索。立足“双碳”发展目标，推动油气行业低碳转型，推进天然气与新能源融合发展；立足行业发展优势，开展二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）、管道掺氢输氢、二氧化碳管道关键技术装备攻关和试点示范。加强国际合作。加强在非常规天然气生产、碳减排、CCUS、制氢等领域的技术交流、引进、合作与共同研发。加强与国际燃气联盟（IGU）、国际能源机构（IEA）等主要国际能源组织的交流合作，持续推动完善国际天然气公平交易、投资安全和商务合作的合理规则。·11·中国天然气发展报告（2022）四、2022年中国天然气市场展望2022年以来，中国经济稳步增长，能源转型和发展持续推进。面对极端复杂的外部环境，中国天然气行业产供储销协同发力，“强国产、强设施、强市场”“稳进口、稳价格、稳预期”“保合同、保民生、保存量”“三强三稳三保”多措并举，天然气购销衔接更为稳健，市场规则和合同机制运行稳健，行业发展总体平稳。同时，中国天然气发展主动融入全球市场，成为促进区域间资源再平衡的有效力量，行业发展显示出更高灵活性和更大弹性。上半年国内天然气产量1120亿立方米，同比增长7.9%。天然气进口量741亿立方米，同比下降8.9%。其中，管道气进口312亿立方米，同比增长10%；LNG进口428亿立方米，同比下降19%。1—6月，中国天然气消费量与上年同期基本持平。分行业看，城市燃气用气稳步增长，化工化肥用气小幅增长，商服用气受新冠疫情影响下降，工业和发电用气增速明显回落。预计2022年全国天然气产量2200亿立方米左右，力争全年增产超过100亿立方米。天然气进口量稳中有降，LNG进口可能出现近年来首次负增长。预计2022年中国天然气表观消费量3750亿～3800亿立方米，增长率1%～3%，下半年需求将受到今冬明春气候不确定性、国际能源市场价格大ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·12·幅波动不确定性双重影响。分行业看，城市燃气用气需求稳健增长，居民生活、采暖用气是主要增长动力。气电增速放缓，主要是全社会用电量增速有所放缓、去年同期基数较高、水电及风电光伏等可再生能源发电量较快增长。工业用气增速放缓，主要是国际进口现货LNG价格高企提高资源增供的边际成本，高气价挤出部分高耗能及低端产业用气需求。化工化肥用气保持平稳。·13·中国天然气发展报告（2022）结束语2022年是进入全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程的重要一年。百年未有之大变局下，多重因素加剧世界能源市场不确定性。天然气行业要坚决贯彻落实党中央、国务院对天然气产供储销体系建设的各项决策部署和保供稳价工作要求，扎实推进“十四五”规划落地实施，为中国经济发展和能源低碳转型发挥更大作用。《中国天然气发展报告》已连续发布七年，期待《中国天然气发展报告（2022）》的发布进一步激发社会各界为天然气未来发展出谋划策的积极性。诚挚感谢各相关部门、研究机构、行业学会、企业、国际机构及众多专家的大力支持和帮助。感谢申姝琦、单卫国、樊慧、孙文宇、张晓宇、王立敏、祝婧祎、孙慧、张继龙、李易隆、沈鑫、石云、李秋扬、王丹旭、刘秉谦等对报告成稿的积极贡献，感谢行业专家学者和企业代表对报告提出的修改建议。感谢北京太科石油信息咨询服务有限公司、石油工业出版社等对报告校核、英文翻译、印刷出版等工作的大力支持。ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·14·2021—2022年中国天然气发展大事记2021年1月1月6日，永清—上海管道江苏段第七标段正式点火开焊，标志着永清—上海管道在河北、山东、江苏等地全面开工建设。1月7日，生态环境部公布《碳排放权交易管理办法（试行）》，并印发配套的配额分配方案和重点排放单位名单。2021年3月3月13日，《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》发布。首次提出油气核心需求依靠自保，部署加快深海、深层和非常规油气资源利用，夯实国内产量基础，保持原油和天然气稳产增产，拓展油气进口来源，维护战略通道和关键节点安全等重点任务。3月15日，习近平总书记主持召开中央财经委员会第九次会议，研究促进平台经济健康发展问题和实现碳达峰、碳中和的基本思路和主要举措，强调要把碳达峰、碳中和纳入生态文明建设整体布局，如期实现2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和的目标。3月31日，国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司于24时正式接管原中国石油昆仑能源下属北京管道公司和大连LNG公司股权，标志着中国油气主干管网资产整合全面完成，实现·15·中国天然气发展报告（2022）了国内全部油气主干管网并网运行。2021年4月4月22日，国家主席习近平在北京以视频方式出席领导人气候峰会，并发表题为《共同构建人与自然生命共同体》的重要讲话。4月22日，国家能源局发布《2021年能源工作指导意见》。提出推动油气增储上产，推进天然气主干管网建设和互联互通，加强储气能力建设等。4月29日，我国首个海上智能气田群——东方气田群全面建成，海上油气生产运营迈入智能化和数字化时代。2021年5月5月6日，国家财政部、海关总署、税务总局联合印发《关于“十四五”期间能源资源勘探开发利用进口税收政策的通知》，出台石油（天然气）、煤层气勘探开发作业项目和海上油气管道应急救援项目免税规定与天然气进口增值税先征后返规定等。5月18日，中国油气企业甲烷控排联盟成立。该联盟由中国石油、中国石化、中国海油、国家管网、北京燃气、华润燃气、新奥能源7家联盟成员单位共同组成，力争在2025年实现将天然气生产过程甲烷平均排放强度降到0.25%以下。5月25日，国家发展和改革委员会印发《关于“十四五”时期深化价格机制改革行动方案的通知》（发改价格〔2021〕689号），要求深入推进能源价格改革。ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·16·2021年6月6月9日，国家发展和改革委员会正式印发《天然气管道运输价格管理办法（暂行）》和《天然气管道运输定价成本监审办法（暂行）》（发改价格规〔2021〕818号），进一步完善天然气管道运输价格管理体系。6月10日，国家能源局印发《天然气管网和LNG接收站公平开放专项监管工作方案》，推动天然气管网设施公平开放，促进管网设施高效利用，规范管网设施运营企业开放服务行为。6月25日，中国首个自营勘探开发的1500米深水大气田“深海一号”在海南陵水海域正式投产，标志着中国海洋油气勘探开发迈向“超深水”。2021年7月7月15日，国家能源局在北京组织召开2021年大力提升油气勘探开发力度工作推进会，深入贯彻落实习近平总书记关于油气勘探开发系列重要指示批示精神，总结前期工作经验，分析当前面临的形势，研究部署下步工作，对大力提升油气勘探开发力度进行再学习再动员，推动油气产业高质量发展再上新台阶。7月16日，全国统一的碳排放权交易市场正式启动。2021年8月8月28日，中国首个海上二氧化碳封存示范工程在南海珠江口盆地正式启动，将把海上恩平15-1油田群开发伴生的·17·中国天然气发展报告（2022）二氧化碳永久封存于800米深海底储层，每年封存约30万吨，总计超146万吨。2021年9月9月11日，国家发展和改革委员会印发《完善能源消费强度和总量双控制度方案》（发改环资〔2021〕1310号）。9月15日，国家能源局制定实施全国储气能力建设实施方案。9月23日，西气东输三线中段工程（中卫—吉安）开工建设。2021年10月10月8日，中国首个商业开发大型页岩气田——江汉油田涪陵页岩气田累计生产页岩气400亿立方米，创造中国页岩气田累计产量新纪录。10月21日，习近平总书记来到胜利油田勘探开发研究院、胜利油田莱113区块考察调研。习近平总书记指出：“石油能源建设对我们国家意义重大，中国作为制造业大国，要发展实体经济，能源的饭碗必须端在自己手里。”10月24日，中共中央、国务院印发《关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》（中发〔2021〕36号），提出了碳达峰、碳中和工作的10方面31项重点任务。10月26日，国务院印发《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》（国发〔2021〕23号），提出重点实施能源绿色低碳转型行动、ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·18·节能降碳增效行动等“碳达峰十大行动”。2021年11月11月20日，中国首座沿海LNG船舶加注站在海南省澄迈县马村港码头正式投运。2021年12月12月2日，国务院安全生产委员会印发《全国城镇燃气安全排查整治工作方案》，部署全国范围内为期一年的城镇燃气安全排查整治工作。12月8—10日，中央经济工作会议在北京举行。会议要求，明年经济工作要稳字当头、稳中求进，深入推动能源革命，加快建设能源强国。12月15日，中国科学院广州能源研究所自主研制出国际首套有效体积2585升、最大模拟海深3000米的大尺度全尺寸开采井天然气水合物三维综合试验开采系统。这是当前国际规模最大、模拟海深最深、技术水平国际领先的天然气水合物开采试验装备。12月20日，全国长江内河首座岸基式LNG加注站在芜湖段建成并投入试运营，该加注站年设计加注能力3.02万吨，最大可停靠5000吨级船舶。截至12月31日，自然资源部2021年分四批依次挂牌出让煤层气（黔西向斜西翼区块）探矿权、新疆准噶尔盆地大有1勘查等4个石油天然气探矿权、新疆塔里木盆地疏勒—岳普湖勘查等7个石油天然气探矿权、新疆塔里木盆地尉犁·19·中国天然气发展报告（2022）西2勘查等7个石油天然气探矿权。2022年1月1月24日，中共中央政治局就努力实现碳达峰、碳中和目标进行第三十六次集体学习。习近平总书记强调，实现碳达峰、碳中和是贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的内在要求，是党中央统筹国内国际两个大局作出的重大战略决策。1月29日，中国首个百万吨级CCUS项目——齐鲁石化—胜利油田CCUS项目全面建成。2022年2月2月3日，中国石油与俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司签署项目购销协议，约定自俄罗斯远东通过管道对华供应天然气，年合同量100亿立方米。2月10日，国家发展和改革委员会、国家能源局印发《关于完善能源绿色低碳转型体制机制和政策措施的意见》（发改能源〔2022〕206号）。2月28日，中国中东部地区最大的储气库——文23储气库一期工程建成投产。2022年3月3月22日，国家发展和改革委员会、国家能源局印发《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》，提出“十四五”时期现代能源体系建设的主要目标。3月29日，国家能源局印发《2022年能源工作指导意见》，ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·20·提出2022年主要目标为增强供应保障能力。2022年4月4月13日，习近平总书记在海南考察时强调，建设海洋强国是实现中华民族伟大复兴的重大战略任务。要推动海洋科技实现高水平自立自强，加强原创性、引领性科技攻关，把装备制造牢牢抓在自己手里，努力用我们自己的装备开发油气资源，提高能源自给率，保障国家能源安全。4月21日，国家能源局组织召开全国油气管道规划建设和保护工作会议，贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，推动油气“十四五”规划落地实施，加快管道基础设施建设，统筹做好管道保护。4月26日，习近平总书记主持召开中央财经委员会第十一次会议，对全面加强基础设施建设作出新部署，为构建现代化基础设施体系指明方向。2022年5月5月26日，国家发展和改革委员会印发《关于完善进口液化天然气接收站气化服务定价机制的指导意见》（发改价格〔2022〕768号）。2022年6月6月10日，国务院办公厅发布《城市燃气管道等老化更新改造实施方案（2022—2025年）》（国办发〔2022〕22号）。6月27日，住房和城乡建设部及国家发展和改革委员会联合发布《关于城市燃气管道老化评估工作指南的通知》（建·21·中国天然气发展报告（2022）办城函〔2022〕225号）。2022年至今，自然资源部分两批挂牌出让广西柳城北勘查等2个页岩气探矿权、黑龙江拜泉南勘查等4个石油天然气探矿权。2022年7月7月24日，国家能源局在北京组织召开2022年大力提升油气勘探开发力度工作推进会。会议指出，全国能源系统和油气行业坚定不移推动油气增储上产，实现勘探大突破、原油稳增长、天然气快上产。会议要求切实提高政治站位，牢牢守住油气战略安全底线，以国内油气增产保供的确定性，来应对外部环境的不确定性。ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)PetroleumIndustryPressOilandGasDepartment,NationalEnergyAdministrationInstituteforResourcesandEnvironmentalPolicies,DevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncilCenterforOilandGasResourceStrategies,MinistryofNaturalResourcesChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)EditorialBoard(intheorderofsurnamebynumberofstrokes)Chairpersons:RENJingdongLINGYuemingLONGGuoqiangDeputyChairpersons:LIUHongYUGuoWUYugenGAOShijiCommitteeMembers:WANGJingWANGXiaoweiLIUXiaoxiaoLUJialiangYANGLeiYANGShangmingYANGLiliCHENJindianLILiLIZhengLIJifengJIANGXuefengDUANZhaofangGUOJiaofengPANJipingSupportingInstitutions:CNPCEconomics&TechnologyResearchInstituteResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&DevelopmentPetroChinaPlanning&EngineeringInstituteSinopecEconomics&DevelopmentResearchInstituteCNOOCEnergyEconomicsInstitutePipeChinaResearchInstituteofScienceandTechnologyChinaInternationalEngineeringConsultingCorporationInstituteofEnergy,PekingUniversityInstituteofClimateChangeandSustainableDevelopment,TsinghuaUniversityPrefaceIn2021,amidtheongoingspreadofCOVID-19epidemic,theworldeconomyrecoveredslowly.Withtheresumptionofenergyconsumptiongrowth,theprominentcontradictionbetweenregionalsupplyanddemand,andtheinterweavingofglobalgeopoliticalandfinancialrisks,globalenergypricessurgedandfluctuatedsharply.Pushingthelow-carbonenergytransitionwhileensuringthesecurityofenergysupplyhasbecomeaworldwidechallengeforenergydevelopment.In2021,facingtoughsituation,risksandchallengesathomeandabroad,Chinacoordinatedepidemicpreventionandcontrolandsocio-economicdevelopment,andhasachievedremarkableresults,offtoagoodstarttothe14thFive-yearPlanperiod.ThroughthoroughlyimplementingimportantinstructionsofPresidentXiJinping,China’snaturalgasindustrywitnessedconsiderableresultsintheconstructionofnaturalgasproduction,supply,storageandmarketingsystem.Anoverallincreaseinnaturalgassupplyandstabilityinpriceswasaccomplished.Gasconsumptionforpeople’slivelihoodintheheatingseasonwaswellguaranteed.Theproportionofnaturalgasintheprimaryenergyconsumptionstructureincreasedconstantly.Inthefaceofthemorecomplexexternalenvironment,andthenewsituationandrequirementsofenergydevelopmentandreform,China’snaturalgasindustryshouldfocusonthemajorworkofbuildingthenaturalgasproduction,supply,storageandmarketingmechanism,coordinateenergydevelopmentandsecurity,ensurenaturalgassupply,maintainstableprices,consolidatethefoundationofdomesticresources,andacceleratetheinvestmentandconstructionoffacilitiesthroughsystematicplanningandcomprehensivestrategies.Additionaleffortswillbemadetoenhancetheabilityoftechnologicalinnovation,deepenthereformofinstitutionalmechanisms,andimprovethedesignofmarketsystem,soastopromotethehigh-qualitydevelopmentoftheindustryandcontributetoensuringnationalenergysecurityandmovingtowardsanenergypowerhouse.CONTENTS1.GlobalandChina’sNaturalGasDevelopmentin2021........1(1)GlobalNaturalGasDevelopment..................................................1(2)China’sNaturalGasDevelopment.................................................52.NewSituationandRequirementsforChina’sNaturalGasDevelopmentin2022........................................................10(1)Energysecurityfacesnewchallengesasmoreuncertaintiesoccurred......................................................................................10(2)Thegoalofbecominganenergypowerhousepushesthenaturalgasindustrytowardshigh-qualitydevelopment...........................11(3)Thegoalforbuildinganationalunifiedenergymarketasksnewtaskforthedevelopmentofnaturalgasindustry..........................133.KeyDirectionsfortheConstructionofNaturalGasProduction,Supply,StorageandMarketingSystemin2022..........................................................................................15(1)Domesticsupplypotentialshallbepromoted,soastoenhancetheabilityofindependentguarantee..................................................15(2)Investmentandconstructionofnaturalgasinfrastructureshallbepromoted,withmoderatepriorityonoverallplanning.................16(3)Improvemacroadjustmentmechanism,playabetterroleoftheefficientmarket,andactivelyrespondtoprofoundadjustmentsintheenergylandscapeathomeandabroad....................................18(4)Adheretoinnovativedevelopmentandcreatenewadvantagesofindustrydevelopment..................................................................194.ProspectsofChina’sNaturalGasMarketin2022..............22Conclusion..............................................................................25ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentEvents(2021–2022).............27·1·中国天然气发展报告（2022）1.GlobalandChina’sNaturalGasDevelopmentin2021A(1)GlobalNaturalGasDevelopmentaNaturalgasconsumptionreboundedrapidlyandexceededthepre-epidemiclevelIn2021,theworld’snaturalgasconsumptionwas4.0trillioncubicmeters(tcm),withtheyear-on-yeargrowthratereboundedto5.3%from-1.6%inthepreviousyear,anincreaseof3.4%over2019.TheannualnaturalgasconsumptioninNorthAmericawas1.03tcm,flatwiththepreviousyear.Amongthem,U.S.consumptionwas826.7billioncubicmeters(bcm),ayear-on-yeardecreaseof0.4%,mainlyduetothedeclineingasconsumptionforelectricitygenerationandweakgasconsumptionforindustrialuse.ConsumptioninEuropewas571.1bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof5.7%andanincreaseof3.0%over2019,forwhichthemaindriverwasAInthischapter,thedataonworld’snaturalgasreserves,production,consumptionandtradeismainlysourcedfromBPStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy,dataonnaturalgasliquefactioncapacityandprojects,andexploration&developmentinvestmentfromIHS.ThedataonChina’snaturalgasreservesissourcedfromtheNationalOilandGasReservesBulletin(2021)oftheMinistryofNaturalResources.ThedataonChina’snaturalgasproductionissourcedfromtheNationalBureauofStatistics,consumptionfromindustrystatistics,andimportandexportfromtheGeneralAdministrationofCustoms.ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·2·therecoveryofgasconsumptionforresidential,commercialandelectricitygenerationuses.TheannualconsumptionintheAsia-Pacificregionwas918.3bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof6.2%,contributing26.8%ofthegrowthinglobalnaturalgasconsumption.Inparticular,China,SouthKorea,India,andemergingmarketsincreasedby12.5%,9.0%,3.1%and2.6%year-on-yearrespectively;whileJapansawayear-on-yeardeclineof0.2%duetorelativelysluggishgasdemand.bInvestmentinnaturalgasexplorationanddevelopmentpickedup,butstilllowerthantheaveragelevelinthepastdecadeIn2021,drivenbybothdemandgrowthandpriceincreases,theworld’snaturalgasproductionreached4.0tcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof175.4bcmor4.8%.Inparticular,NorthAmerica,Russia-CentralAsiaandtheMiddleEastrankedthetopthreeintermsofproduction,with1,135.8bcm,896bcmand714.9bcmrespectively,andgrowthratesof2.4%,10.9%and4.2%respectively.In2021,theworld’snewlyaddednaturalgasreserveswere1.04tcm,andremainingrecoverablenaturalgasreserveswere192tcm.AccordingtoIHSstatistics,globalinvestmentinoilandnaturalgasexplorationanddevelopmentin2021wasUS$347billion,anincreaseofUS$45billionor15%over2020,butfarbelowtheaverageofthepastdecade·3·中国天然气发展报告（2022）(US$480billion).cTheworld’snaturalgastradevolumedeclined,andtheglobalnewlycommissionedliquefactioncapacitygrewatalowrateIn2021,theworld’snaturalgastradevolumewas1.22tcm,ayear-on-yeardecreaseof2.3%.PNGtradevolumewas704.4bcm,ayear-on-yeardecreaseof6.8%,accountingfor57.7%ofthetotalnaturalgastrade.LNGtradevolumewas516.2bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof5.6%.IntheLNGtrade,thevolumeofspotandshort-termcontractswithinthreeyearswas169.3bcm,accountingfor32.8%ofthetotalLNGtradevolume.In2021,theglobalexistingliquefactioncapacitywas465milliontons/year(t/y),andthenewlyaddedcapacitywas7.54milliont/y.Theyear-on-yeargrowthratedroppedto1.6%from5.8%inthepreviousyear,andtheutilizationrateofliquefactionprojectsreached80%,up2percentagepointsyear-on-year.dNaturalgaspricesclimbedsharply,andgloballinkagesincreasedIn2021,thedemandfornaturalgasinEuroperecoveredrapidly.Theproductionofgasfieldsintheregionwassignificantlyreduced.ImportsofPNGandLNGdeclined.Supplywastightthroughouttheyear.Especiallyinthesecondhalfoftheyear,theoutputofnewenergywasinsufficient,ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·4·carbonpriceswerehigh,andthestockofundergroundgasstorageswaslowerthantheaveragelevelofthepastfiveyears.TitleTransferFacility(TTF)spotpriceoncereachedanall-timehighofUS$60.28/MMBtu,withanannualaverageofUS$15.9/MMBtu,ayear-on-yearincreaseof398%.DrivenbyhighgaspricesinEurope,cross-regionalLNGarbitragebetweenAsiaandEuropegrewsignificantly,andthelinkageofspotpricesbetweenAsiaandEuropeincreasednotably,showingatrendoffirstlowthenhighduringtheyear.TheAsiaspotLNGpricereachedamaximumofUS$46.45/MMBtuduringtheyear,andtheannualaveragewasUS$14.5/MMBtu,ayear-on-yearincreaseof279%.Thelong-termcontract(LTC)pricesweremainlyaffectedbyoilprices.In2021,theaverageimportpriceofLNGinNortheastAsiawasUS$10.7/MMBtu,ayear-on-yearincreaseof51%.IntheUnitedStates,thefundamentalsofnaturalgassupplycontinuedtobetightduetostrongLNGexportsandasubstantialincreaseofgasdeliveredtoLNGexportfacilities.HenryHub(HH)spotpriceaveragedUS$3.9/MMBtu,upby93%year-on-year.·5·中国天然气发展报告（2022）(2)China’sNaturalGasDevelopmentaNaturalgasconsumptiongrewrapidly,withaproportionintheprimaryenergyconsumptionstructureincreasedconstantlyIn2021,China’smacro-economymadeagoodstarttothe14thFive-YearPlanperiod,withthecountry’snaturalgasconsumptionof369bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof41bcmor12.5%.In2021,theproportionofnaturalgasconsumptioninChina’stotalprimaryenergyconsumptionroseto8.9%,anincreaseof0.5percentagepointsoverthepreviousyear.Intermsofconsumptionstructure,gasconsumptionforindustrialuseincreasedby14.4%year-on-year,accountingfor40%ofthetotalnaturalgasconsumption;gasconsumptionforelectricitygenerationincreasedby13.4%year-on-year,accountingfor18%;urbangasconsumptionincreasedby10.5%year-on-year,accountingfor32%;andgasconsumptionforchemicalandfertilizerusesincreasedby5.8%year-on-year,accountingfor10%.Intermsofconsumptionregion,Guangdong,Jiangsu,Sichuan,Shandong,andHebeiwereamongthetopfiveprovinces.TheconsumptioninGuangdongandJiangsubothexceeded30bcm,withagrowthrateof25.5%and2.2%respectively;andtheconsumptioninSichuan,ShandongandChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·6·Hebeiallexceeded20bcm.bEffortssteppedupinexplorationanddevelopment,withnewreservesandproductionreachednewhighsIn2021,China’sprovedreservesofnaturalgasincreasedby1.6284tcm,ofwhichprovedreservesofconventionalgas(includingtightgas),shalegasandcoalbedmethaneincreasedto805.1bcm,745.4bcmand77.9bcmrespectively.In2021,China’snaturalgasoutputwas207.6bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof7.8%andanincreaseofmorethan10bcmforfiveconsecutiveyears.cNaturalgasimportsincreasedconstantly,andPNGimportsgrewfasterthanLNGIn2021,Chinaimported168bcmofnaturalgas,ayear-on-yearincreaseof19.9%.Amongthem,theimportvolumefromAustralia,Turkmenistan,Russia,theUnitedStates,QatarandMalaysiatotaled129bcm,accountingfor77%.TheimportvolumeofPNGwas59.1bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof22.9%.TheimportvolumeofLNGwas108.9bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof18.3%.AustraliawasChina’slargestsourceofLNGimports,withanimportvolumeof43bcm,accountingfor39.4%,ayear-on-yearincreaseof7.7%;theUnitedStatessurpassedQatartobecomeChina’ssecondlargestsourceofLNGimports,withanimportvolumeof12.4bcm,accounting·7·中国天然气发展报告（2022）for11.4%,ayear-on-yearincreaseof191.1%.dConstructionofnaturalgasinfrastructureaccelerated,resultinginarapidincreaseingasstoragecapacityIn2021,thetotalmileageofChina’smainnaturalgaspipelinesreached116,000kilometers.TheChangling–YongqingPipeline,theChenzhou-ShaoguansectionofNorth-southCentralPipeline,theeasternringlineofHainanPipelineNetwork,andtheLNGoutboundpipelineintheeastofGuangdongwerecompletedandputintooperation.TheconstructionofthemiddlesectionofWest-EastGasPipeline3andtheYongqing-ShanghaiPipelinebeganinanall-roundway.TheconstructionofWest-EastGasPipeline4wasapproved,andtheconstructionofSichuan-EastGasPipeline2wasaccelerated.Theconstructionofgasstoragefacilitieswasspeededup,withundergroundgasstoragesachievingmaximumcapacitybeforeheatingseason.In2021,China’sgasstoragecapacityhasincreased15.8%yearonyear,doubledinjustoverthreeyears.ePositiveresultsachievedinensuringnaturalgassupplyandstabilizingpricesUndertheunfavorablesituationofabnormallyhighandvolatileinternationaloilandgasprices,thedomesticnaturalgasmarketsawanincreaseinvolumeandastabilityinprices.ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·8·Thewell-establishedgassupplyguaranteemechanismbasedonmarketandcontractsplayedafundamentalroleinregulatingandstabilizingthedevelopmentoftheindustry.DomesticgasandimportedLTCgassourcesplayedaroleof“ballaststone”andlargecompanies,especiallystate-ownedcompanies,playedamajorroleinensuringnaturalgassupplyandstabilizingprices.Thebackbonepipelineoperatorsacceleratedtheinvestmentandconstructionofpipelinenetworksandvigorouslyimprovedthelevelofpipelinenetworkinterconnection,furtherincreasingthepeakgassupplycapacityofinfrastructureacrossthecountry.Alllocalitiesmadesolidandorderlygasregulationandemergencyplans,effectivelyensuringthegasdemandforpeople’slivelihood.“TheMeasuresfortheAdministrationofthePriceofNaturalGasPipelineTransportation(interim)”and“theMeasuresfortheSupervisionandExaminationofthePricingCostofNaturalGasPipelineTransportation(interim)”wereissuedtostrengthenthepricesupervisiontonaturalmonopoly.fWithremarkableachievementsmadeintacklingkeytechnologicalproblems,theabilityofindependentinnovationfurtherimprovedWithinnovativetechnologydevelopedforacceleratingdeepshalegasdrilling,Chinaachievedefficientandfastdrillinginlonghorizontalsections.Bytheendof2021,theshortest·9·中国天然气发展报告（2022）cyclefordeepshalegasdrillinginSichuanBasinwaslessthan30days,thedeepesttotaldepthwasover7,000meters,andthelongesthorizontalsectionreached3,601meters.Independentresearchanddevelopmentofanumberofmajorequipmentandkeytoolsfordeepandultra-deepnaturalgasdrillingwasachieved,withthetotaldepthofanumberofultra-deepwellshitarecordof8,500meters.Inthefieldofoffshoreoilandgas,“DeepSeaNo.1”gasfieldstartedoperation,witnessingtherealizationofthreeworld-classinnovationsandthesuccessfultacklingof12keyproblemsinequipmentlocalization.Anewmodeofintensiveconstructionofundergroundgasstorages(intensifiedstorages/clusters)wasintroduced,cooperativefluiddrainageandinjection-productionreservoirconstructiontechnologyofnewandoldwellsincomplexfaultblockreservoirswasinnovated,andtheconstructionschemeofthefirstcomplexandconnectedoldcavityreconstructionprojectofsaltcaverngasstorageinChinawascompleted.Theresearchanddevelopmentofmajortechnicalequipmentfornaturalgaspipelinesadvancedfurther.Forthefirsttime,theprincipleandmethodofelectromagneticarraydetectionforpipelinemetallossandcrackdefectswereproposed,andthefirstelectromagneticarraydetectorforoilandgaspipelinesof1,016mmindiameterwasdeveloped.ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·10·2.NewSituationandRequirementsforChina’sNaturalGasDevelopmentin2022(1)EnergysecurityfacesnewchallengesasmoreuncertaintiesoccurredInrecentyears,theadjustmentoftheglobalenergypatternhasbeenaccelerated,andmarketvolatilityhasintensifiedsignificantly.GeopoliticaleventssuchastheUkrainecrisishaveaffectedthesmoothoperationoftheenergymarket.Theorderandoperationrulesoftheinternationalenergymarketarefacingnewchallenges.Energybottomlinesecurityhasbecomeacommonissueforallcountries.Atpresent,theintensityofglobalfossilenergyproductionandinfrastructureinvestmentstillcannotfullymeettheneedsofenergysecuritydevelopment.Consideringtherapiddevelopmentofnewenergy,themedium-andlong-termuncertaintyofglobalenergysecurityisincreasing.EuropeseekstoreduceitsdependenceonRussiannaturalgas.ThedemandforimportedLNGisrising.ThelinkageofnaturalgasmarketsinEurope,theUnitedStatesandAsiaisenhanced,andtheimpactofregionalsupplyanddemandrisksontheglobalnaturalgasmarketisfurthermagnified.The·11·中国天然气发展报告（2022）newandoldrisksinthefieldofenergysecurityareintertwined.HowtoestablishandimprovetheriskpreventionandresponsemechanismandcontinuetopromotethesmoothoperationoftheindustrialchainandsupplychainisanewchallengeforthedevelopmentofnaturalgasinChina.(2)Thegoalofbecominganenergypowerhousepushesthenaturalgasindustrytowardshigh-qualitydevelopmentThe2021CentralEconomicWorkConferenceproposedtoacceleratetheconstructionofanenergypowerhouse.Centeredonthedevelopmentofnaturalgas,itisnecessarytoclarifythestrategicbottomlineofself-sufficiencyindomesticproduction,givefullplaytothesupportingroleofstate-ownedenterprises,speedupthedevelopmentandapplicationofadvancedexploitationtechnologiesforoilandgasandotherresources,andworktoreleasethepotentialofreserveandproductioncapacityincreaseofdomesticgas,especiallyunconventionalnaturalgas.Prioritieswillbegiventostrengtheningthebuildingofnaturalgasstoragecapacity,toadjustandsafeguardgassupplyinsituationssuchasseasonalpeakshaving,emergencymanagement,shortsupplyandshortcuts.MoreeffortswillbemadetofurtherimprovethedivisionofresponsibilityandChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·12·systemconstructionofsupplyguaranteeunderopenconditions,andmaximizethepositiveroleofallkindsofmarketentitiesinensuringsupplyandstabilizingprices.Moreover,effortswillbeincreasedtoachieveself-relianceintechnology,furtherenhancethecapabilityofindependentresearchanddevelopmentofcoretechnologies,andpromotetheresearchandintelligentapplicationoftechnologiesandequipmentinthefieldsofupstreamnaturalgasexplorationanddevelopment,infrastructureconstruction,energysavingandefficientutilization.Additionally,toachievethegoalof“carbonpeakingandcarbonneutrality”,effortswillbesteppeduptoconstantlystrengthentheresilienceandflexibilityofthedevelopmentoftheindustrialchain,increasetheefficientuseofnaturalgasonthebasisofstablesupply,promotetheintegrateddevelopmentofoil,gasandnewenergy,andplayagreaterroleinpromotingsynergyinpollutionreductionandcarbonreduction.Additionaleffortswillbemadetoconsolidateahighlevelofopeningupandcooperation,givefullplaytoChina’spositiveroleinpromotingthesteadydevelopmentofglobalnaturalgastradeandinvestment,buildamutuallybeneficialandwin-winpatternofinternationalcooperation,andintegratedeeplyintotheglobalnaturalgasindustrychain.·13·中国天然气发展报告（2022）(3)ThegoalforbuildinganationalunifiedenergymarketasksnewtaskforthedevelopmentofnaturalgasindustryThegoalofspeedinguptheconstructionofanationalunifiedenergymarketemphasizesdeepeningthereformofmarket-orientedallocationofdevelopmentfactors.Inordertostrengthentheconstructionofnaturalgasmarket,effortswillbemadetoconstantlyimproveownmarketsystem,establishandimprovemarketrulesandstandards,andworktopromotetheintegrateddevelopmentofnaturalgasandnewenergy.Itisnecessarytoadheretotheoverallplanningofthe“nationalnetwork”ofinfrastructure,givefullplaytotheroleofinfrastructureinpromotinginvestmentandstabilizinggrowth,aswellastheguidingroleofinfrastructureinthecultivationandimprovementofnaturalgasmarket.Moreeffortswillbemadetobreakadministrativeandregionalmonopolies,speeduptheconstructionofthesystemofnaturalgasproduction,supply,storageandmarketing,continuetopromotetheinterconnectionofnaturalgaspipelinenetworksandfacilities,andopenthemtoallkindsofmarketplayerswithhighquality.Additionally,effortswillbemadetospeeduptheprovincialpipelineintegratingintothenationalpipelinethroughmarketization,ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·14·andpromotethefreeflowandflexibleallocationofnaturalgasinthemarket.Moreover,effortsshouldbespenttoacceleratetheestablishmentofnaturalgasenergymeteringandpricingsystem.·15·中国天然气发展报告（2022）3.KeyDirectionsfortheConstructionofNaturalGasProduction,Supply,StorageandMarketingSystemin2022Theyear2022isthefirstyearofthesecondCentenaryGoalandacrucialyearforthe14thFive-YearPlan.Theoilandgasindustryshoulddeeplyunderstandandmeettherequirementsof“newdevelopmentstage,newdevelopmentconcept,newdevelopmentpattern,andhigh-qualitydevelopment”,andcontinuouslypromotetheconstructionofproduction,supply,storageandmarketingsystemtoachievehigh-qualitydevelopmentbyimplementingthegoalsandmajortasksofthe14thFive-YearPlan.(1)Domesticsupplypotentialshallbepromoted,soastoenhancetheabilityofindependentguaranteeUpholdingtheprinciplethat“firmlyholdingtheenergyricebowlinourownhands”stressedbyPresidentXiJinping,prioritieswillbegiventoenhancingexplorationanddevelopmenttoensureenergysecurity.Itisamusttostrengthentheresponsibilityassessmentandmissionofstate-ownedenterprises,constantlyenhancethecapacityofdomesticChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·16·naturalgasreserveandproduction,increaseinvestmentinexploration,especiallyriskexploration,accelerateresourcesproving,consolidateresourcesfoundation,andstrengthenthereplacementofreserves.Itisalsoessentialtospeeduptechnologicalinnovationandengineeringdemonstration,andpromotethedevelopmentandapplicationofadvancedexploitationtechnologiesforoilandgasandotherresources.Fordeep-waterconventionalgas,deepshalegas,coalbedmethaneandotherdifficult-to-producereserves,effortsshouldbeincreasedtostrengthenexplorationevaluationandtacklekeytechnologicalproblems,soastopromotecost-effectiveandefficientproduction.(2)Investmentandconstructionofnaturalgasinfrastructureshallbepromoted,withmoderatepriorityonoverallplanningEffortswillbemadetoimplementtherequirementsoftheStateCounciltostabilizetheeconomy,moderatelyspeeduptheinvestmentandconstructionofnaturalgasinfrastructuretobettermeettherequirementsofthesustainedandstabledevelopmentofthenaturalgasindustry.Specifically,effortswillbemadetopromoteanumberofmajorandlandmarkprojectssuchasYongqing–ShanghaiPipeline,themiddle·17·中国天然气发展报告（2022）sectionofWest-EastGasPipeline3,West-EastGasPipeline4,andSichuan-EastGasPipeline2,aswellasthefacilitiesfortheimplementationofthe14thFive-yearPlan.Additionally,effortswillbemadetospeeduptheimprovementofregionalandprovincialpipelinesandstrengthentheconnectionbetweensupplyanddemand,aswellassupporttherenovationofoutdatednaturalgaspipelinestoensuresmoothoperationoftheindustrialchain.Besides,effortswillbesteppeduptosuperviseandguiderelevantenterprisestoeffectivelysimplifyinternaldecision-makingproceduresformajorprojectssuchasoptimizationofpipelinesandundergroundgasstorages,strengthentheimplementationofrelevantassessmentsofnationalstrategies,accelerateinvestmentapprovals,increaseinvestmentefforts,andspeedupconstructionprogress.Importantly,effortsshouldbeincreasedtostrengthentheguaranteeofresourceelementsfortheimplementationofmajorprojects,relyingonthespecialworkingmechanismfortheconstructionofnaturalgasproduction,supply,storageandmarketingsystem,andthelinkagebetweenthecentralandlocalgovernmentsandenterprises.ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·18·(3)Improvemacroadjustmentmechanism,playabetterroleoftheefficientmarket,andactivelyrespondtoprofoundadjustmentsintheenergylandscapeathomeandabroadAtpresent,theinternationaloilandgaspricesarehigh,andtheunbalancedanduncoordinatedcontradictionsinthedevelopmentofthedomesticnaturalgasindustryareemerging.Takevariousmeasurestoresolvethecontradictionsinalllinksoftheindustrialchain,andeasethepainpointsanddifficulties.Effortswillbemadetourgeandguidestate-ownedenterprisestoimprovetheincentivemechanismforincreasingnaturalgasreservesandproduction,andfurtherstimulatethevitalityofprimaryenterprises.Themainresponsibilityoflocalgovernmentsandthe“lastkilometer”responsibilityofurbangasenterprisestoensurepeople’slivelihoodshouldbestrictlyassumed.Effortswillbeintensifiedtostrengthencontractsigning,standardizecontractexecution,andenhancecontractperformancesupervision.Whileensuringsupplyandstabilizingprices,itisnecessarytoplaythedecisiveroleofmarketsignalssuchaspricefluctuationsinareasonablerangeinresourcesallocation,strengthentheguaranteeandregulationinthecontracts,andfollowtheprinciplethat“whoeverowesthesupplyshallpay,andwhoeveroverspendswillcompensate”.·19·中国天然气发展报告（2022）Additionally,effortsshouldbeincreasedtogivebetterplaytotheroleofthegovernment,focusonkeycontradictionsandadjustmeasurestolocalconditions,reasonablyassessandverifyhouseholdgasconsumptionandothernaturalgasconsumptionforpeople’slivelihood,implementpertinentpoliciestoensuregassupplyforresidents,aswellasconstantlyexploreandimproveregional,differentiatedandaccessiblesafeguardmeasures.Besides,adheretomarket-orientedreform,steadilyadvancethereformofthesystemandmechanismforpipelinenetworkoperation,improvetheoperationanddispatchingrulesofpipelinenetwork,strengthensupervisionofthefairandopennessofpipelinenetworkfacilities,andimproveefficiencyofutilization,promotetheestablishmentofamarketmechanismforattachedservicesforpipelinenetworkgasbalancing.And,effortswillbemadetoclarifyandregulatetheresponsibilityofvariousmarketentitiesforensuringsupply,andpromotethehigh-qualityopeningoffacilities.(4)AdheretoinnovativedevelopmentandcreatenewadvantagesofindustrydevelopmentFirstly,tostrengthentechnologyandequipmentresearch.EffortswillbemadetoacceleratethedevelopmentandapplicationofadvancedexploitationtechnologiesandChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·20·equipmentforoilandgasandotherresources,andspeeduptheconstructionofdigitalpipelinenetworks,intelligentandstandardizedsystems,etc.Secondly,toenhancemodeexplorationandinnovation.Effortswillbemadetotakemeasuresinaccordancewithlocalconditionsandprovincialpolicies,activelypromotetheintegrationofprovincialpipelinenetworksintonationalpipelinenetworkcompaniesinamarket-orientedway,reducethelevelsofgassupplyandsimplifythechargingmodel,andencourageinnovationinthemodeof“one-vote”settlementofpipelinetransmissionfeestoimproveusers’senseofgaininreform.Thirdly,toincreaseeffortstoexplorenewbusinessformats.Underthegoalof“carbonpeakingandcarbonneutrality”development,effortswillbemadetopromotethelow-carbontransitionoftheoilandgasindustry,andpushforwardtheintegrateddevelopmentofnaturalgasandnewenergy.Basedonthedevelopmentadvantagesoftheindustry,effortswillbemadetocarryoutresearchesandpilotdemonstrationsofkeytechnicalequipmentforCarbonCapture,UtilizationandStorage(CCUS),blendinghydrogenintopipelines,hydrogentransportationbypipeline,andcarbondioxidepipelines.Fourthly,tostrengtheninternationalcooperation.Effortswillbemadetostrengthentechnicalexchanges,·21·中国天然气发展报告（2022）technologyintroduction,cooperationandjointresearchanddevelopmentinthefieldsofunconventionalnaturalgasproduction,carbonemissionreduction,CCUSandhydrogenproduction.MoreeffortswillbemadetostrengthenexchangesandcooperationwithmajorinternationalenergyorganizationssuchasIGUandIEA,andpromotetheimprovementofreasonablerulesforfairinternationalnaturalgastrade,investmentsecurityandbusinesscooperation.ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·22·4.ProspectsofChina’sNaturalGasMarketin2022Since2022,China’seconomyhasgrownsteadilyandenergytransitionanddevelopmenthascontinuedtodriveforward.Amidextremelycomplicatedexternalenvironment,concertedeffortshavebeenmadeintheproduction,supply,storageandmarketingsystemofChina’sgasindustry.Multiplemeasureshavebeentaken,suchastostrengthendomesticproduction,infrastructureandmarket,stabilizeimport,priceandexpectation,guaranteecontracts,livelihoodandstock,andimprovethesteadinessofthepurchaseandsalesofnaturalgas,aswellastheoperationofmarketrulesandcontractmechanism,inordertostabilizetheoveralldevelopmentoftheindustry.Atthesametime,China’snaturalgasdevelopmenthasactivelyintegratedintotheglobalmarket,becominganeffectiveforcetopromotetherebalancingofinter-regionalresources.Thedevelopmentoftheindustryhasshowngreaterflexibilityandresilience.Inthefirsthalfof2022,domesticgasproductionwas112bcm,up7.9%year-on-year.Gasimportswere74.1bcm,down8.9%year-on-year,pipelinegasimportswere31.2bcm,up·23·中国天然气发展报告（2022）10%year-on-year,LNGimportswere42.8bcm,down19%year-on-year.FromJanuarytoJune,China’sgasconsumptionwasbasicallyflatfromayearearlier.Bysector,urbangasconsumptionincreasedsteadily,chemicalandfertilizergasconsumptionincreasedslightly,commercialandpublicservicegasconsumptiondeclinedduetotheimpactoftheepidemic,andgasconsumptionforindustryandpowergenerationhasseenanobviousfallingrowthrate.In2022,itisestimatedthatthedomesticproductionwillbemorethan220bcm,aimingtoincreaseby10bcmannually.Gasimportswillslightlydecline,andLNGimportsprobablywillshowthefirstdeclineinrecentyears.Accordingtopreliminaryestimates,China’sapparentgasconsumptionin2022willbe375-380bcm,increasing1%-3%year-on-year,anddemandofthesecondhalfoftheyearwillbeeffectedbyuncertaintiesofclimateinthiswinterandnextspringandthedrasticpricefluctuationsintheglobalenergymarket.Bysector,urbangasconsumptionwillgrowsteadily,withresidentialandheatinggasbeingthemaindrivingforce.Thegrowthofgaspowergenerationwillslowdown,mainlyduetotheslowdowninthegrowthofsocialelectricityconsumptioninthewholesociety,thehighbaseoflastyearandtherelativelyfastgrowthofpowergenerationfromhydro,wind,solarandotherrenewablepower.ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·24·Growthofindustrialgasconsumptionwillslowdown,mainlyduetothehighpriceofspotLNGimportswhichincreasesthemarginalcostofresourcesupply,withaneffectofsqueezingoutpartofhighenergyconsumptionusersandlow-endindustryusers.Chemicalandfertilizergasconsumptionwillremainstable.·25·中国天然气发展报告（2022）Conclusion2022isayearofsignificanceforChinamarchinginconfidentstridestowardthesecondcentenarygoalofbuildingChinaintoamodernsocialistcountryinallrespects.Undergoingchangesunseeninacentury,multiplefactorshaveaggravatedtheuncertaintyoftheworldenergymarket.China’snaturalgasindustrywillresolutelyimplementpoliciesandarrangementsmadebytheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilwithregardtotheconstructionofthenaturalgasproduction,supply,storageandmarketingsystem,meetrequirementsofensuringsupplyandpricestability,andsolidlypromotetheimplementationofthe14thFive-yearPlan,soastoplayagreaterroleinChina’seconomicdevelopmentandenergytransition.TheChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReporthasbeenreleasedforsevenyearsinarow.WelookforwardtothereleaseoftheChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentreport(2022),whichwillhopefullystimulatediscussionandexchangeofideasonthefuturedevelopmentofnaturalgasindustry.Here,wewouldliketoexpressoursinceregratitudetoalltherelevantdepartments,researchinstitutes,industryassociations,enterprises,ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·26·internationalorganizationsandmanyexpertsfortheirstrongsupportandhelp.WewouldliketothankSHENShuqi,SHANWeiguo,FANHui,SUNWenyu,ZHANGXiaoyu,WANGLimin,ZHUJingyi,SUNHui,ZHANGJilong,LIYilong,SHENXin,SHIYun,LIQiuyang,WANGDanxu,LIUBingqianandothersfortheircontributionstothedraftingofthisreport.Ourappreciationalsogoestoindustryexpertsandscholarsandenterpriserepresentativesfortheirsuggestionsontherevisionofthereport.Lastbutnotleast,PetroTECHinformationConsultingServicesCo.,Ltd.andthePetroleumIndustryPress,thankyouforediting,proofreading,translating,printingandpublishingthereport.·27·中国天然气发展报告（2022）ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentEvents(2021–2022)January2021OnJanuary6,theseventhbidsectionoftheJiangsuSectionofYongqing-ShanghaiPipelinewasofficiallyignitedforwelding,markingthefullconstructionoftheYongqing-ShanghaiPipelineinHebei,Shandong,Jiangsuandotherplaces.OnJanuary7,theMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentannouncedthe“MeasuresfortheAdministrationofCarbonEmissionsTrading(fortrialimplementation)”,andissuedthesupportingquotaallocationplanandthelistofkeyemissionunits.March2021OnMarch13,“the14thFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandtheOutlineofVision2035”wasreleased.Forthefirsttime,itwasproposedtorelyonself-supplyforcoreoilandgasdemand,anddeploykeytaskstoacceleratetheutilizationofdeep-sea,deep,andunconventionaloilandgasresources,consolidatethefoundationofdomesticproduction,maintainChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·28·stableandincreasedproductionofcrudeoilandnaturalgas,expandsourcesofoilandgasimports,andmaintainthesafetyofstrategicchannelsandkeynodes.OnMarch15,PresidentXiJinpingpresidedovertheninthmeetingoftheCentralCommitteeforFinancialandEconomicAffairs,whichanalyzedthehealthydevelopmentofthecountry’splatformeconomyaswellasbasicideasandmainmeasurestoachievecarbonpeakandcarbonneutrality,stressingthatcarbonpeakandcarbonneutralityshouldbeincorporatedintotheoveralllayoutofecologicalcivilizationconstruction,andthegoalsofcarbonpeakby2030andcarbonneutralityby2060shouldbeachievedasscheduled.OnMarch31,PipeChinaformallytookovertheequityinterestsofBeijingGasPipelineCompanyandDalianLNGCompany,formerlyunderPetroChinaKunlunEnergyat24:00,markingthefullcompletionofassetintegrationofChina’soilandgastrunkpipelinenetworksandrealizingthegrid-connectedoperationofalldomesticoilandgastrunkpipelinenetworks.April2021OnApril22,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingattendedtheLeadersSummitonClimateviavideolinkanddeliveredan·29·中国天然气发展报告（2022）importantspeechtitled“ForManandNature:BuildingaCommunityofLifeTogether”inBeijing.OnApril22,theNationalEnergyAdministrationissuedthe“GuidingOpinionsonEnergyWorkin2021”,proposingtoincreaseoilandgasreservesandproduction,promotetheconstructionandinterconnectionofthemainnaturalgaspipelinenetworks,strengthentheconstructionofgasstoragecapacity,etc.OnApril29,theDongfangGasFieldGroup,China’sfirstoffshoreintelligentgasfieldgroup,wascompleted,markingthebeginningofanintelligentanddigitaleraforChina’soffshoreoilandgasproductionandoperation.May2021OnMay6,theMinistryofFinance,theGeneralAdministrationofCustoms,andtheStateTaxationAdministrationjointlyissuedthe“NoticeonImportTaxPoliciesfortheExploration,DevelopmentandUtilizationofEnergyResourcesduringthe14thFive-YearPlanPeriod”,andreleasedregulationsontaxexemptionforoil(naturalgas)andcoalbedmethaneexplorationanddevelopmentprojectsandemergencyrescueprojectsforoffshoreoilandgaspipelines,andregulationsonthecollectionandreturnofvalue-addedtaxonnaturalgasimports,etc.ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·30·OnMay18,theMethaneEmissionControlAllianceofChineseOilandGasCompanieswasestablished.ComposedofsevenmembersincludingPetroChina,Sinopec,CNOOC,PipeChina,BeijingGas,CRGas,andENNEnergy,theallianceaimstoreducetheaverageemissionintensityofmethaneduringnaturalgasproductiontolessthan0.25%by2025.OnMay25,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionissuedthe“NoticeontheActionPlanforDeepeningReformonPricingMechanismsinthe14thFive-YearPlanPeriod”,requiringfurtherreformofenergyprices.June2021OnJune9,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionofficiallyreleasedthe“MeasuresforthePriceAdministrationofNaturalGasPipelineTransportation(interim)”andthe“MeasuresfortheSupervisionandExaminationofthePricingCostofNaturalGasPipelineTransportation(interim)”tofurtherimprovethepricemanagementsystemofnaturalgaspipelinetransportation.OnJune10,theNationalEnergyAdministrationissuedthe“WorkPlanfortheSpecialSupervisionofNaturalGasNetworksandLNGTerminals”tofosterthefairopeningofnaturalgaspipelinenetworkfacilities,promoteefficient·31·中国天然气发展报告（2022）utilizationofpipelinenetworkfacilities,andregulatetheopenservicesofpipelinenetworkfacilityoperators.OnJune25,DeepSeaNo.1,China’sfirstself-operated1,500-meterdeep-watergasfield,wasofficiallyputintoproductioninLingshui,Hainan,markingthecountry’scapabilityofultradeep-waterdrillingforoilandgas.July2021OnJuly15,NationalEnergyAdministrationconvenedameetinginBeijingin2021topromotetheoilandgasexplorationanddevelopment,implementedaseriesofimportantinstructionfromPresidentXiJinpingofoilandgasexplorationanddevelopmentin-depth,summarizedpreviousworkexperience,analyzedthecurrentsituation,deployedthenextstepwork,learntandmobilizedtovigorouslypromotetheoilandgasexplorationanddevelopment,andtopushthehigh-qualitydevelopmentoftheoilandgasindustrytoanewlevel.OnJuly16,China’snationalcarbonemissionstradingmarketwasofficiallylaunched.August2021OnAugust28,China’sfirstoffshorecarbondioxidestoragedemonstrationprojectwasofficiallylaunchedinthePearlRiverMouthBasinoftheSouthChinaSea.ItwillpermanentlyChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·32·storethecarbondioxideassociatedwiththedevelopmentoftheoffshoreEnping15-1oilfieldgroupinan800-meterdeepseabedreservoir,storingabout300000tonsperyear,withatotalofover1.46milliontons.September2021OnSeptember11,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionissuedthe“PlanforImprovingtheDualControlSystemofEnergyConsumptionIntensityandTotalVolume”.OnSeptember15,NationalEnergyAdministrationformulatedandimplementedtheplanofnationalgasstoragecapacityconstruction.OnSeptember23,theconstructionofthemiddlesectionoftheWest-EastGasPipeline3(Zhongwei-Ji’an)started.October2021OnOctober8,theFulingShaleGasFieldinJianghanOilfield,thefirstcommerciallydevelopedlarge-scaleshalegasfieldinChina,produced40billioncubicmetersofshalegas,settinganewrecordforthecumulativeproductionofshalegasinthecountry.OnOctober21,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingvisitedShengliOilfieldExplorationandDevelopmentResearchInstituteandLai113BlockinShengliOilfield,andpointedout:·33·中国天然气发展报告（2022）“Petroleumenergyconstructionisofgreatsignificancetoourcountry.Asamajormanufacturer,todeveloptherealeconomy,Chinamustfirmlyholdtheenergyricebowlinitsownhands.”OnOctober24,theCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilissuedthe“OpinionsonCompletely,AccuratelyandComprehensivelyImplementingtheNewDevelopmentConceptandDoingaGoodJobofCarbonPeakandCarbonNeutrality”,whichputforward31keytasksin10aspectsofcarbonpeakandcarbonneutrality.OnOctober26,theStateCouncilissuedthe“ActionPlanforCarbonDioxidePeakingbefore2030”,proposingtofocusontheimplementationofgreenandlow-carbontransitionofenergy,energyconservation,carbonreductionandefficiencyimprovementandothertenactionstoachievecarbonpeaking.November2021OnNovember20,China’sfirstcoastalLNGshipbunkeringstationwasofficiallyputintooperationatMacunPortTerminal,ChengmaiCounty,HainanProvince.December2021OnDecember2,theWorkSafetyCommitteeoftheStateCouncilissuedthe“NationalUrbanGasSafetyInspectionandRemediationWorkPlan”,deployinganationwideone-yearChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·34·urbangassafetyinspectionandremediationwork.FromDecember8to10,theannualCentralEconomicWorkConferencewasheldinBeijing,stressingthatChinamustmakeeconomicstabilityitstoppriorityandpursueprogresswhileensuringstability,promotetheenergyrevolution,andacceleratetheconstructionofanenergypowerhouse.OnDecember15,theGuangzhouInstituteofEnergyConversion,ChineseAcademyofSciencesindependentlydevelopedtheworld’sfirstsetofthree-dimensionalcomprehensivetestproductionsystemforlarge-scalefull-scaleproductionwellswithaneffectivevolumeof2,585litersandamaximumsimulatedseadepthof3,000meters.Thisiscurrentlythelargestgashydrateproductiontestequipmentintheworld,withthedeepestsimulatedseadepthandtheworld’sleadingtechnology.OnDecember20,thefirstshore-basedLNGbunkeringstationintheinlandriversoftheYangtzeRiverinChinawascompletedandputintotrialoperationintheWuhusection.Thebunkeringstationisdesignedtohaveanannualbunkeringcapacityof30,200tonsandcandockshipsupto5,000-tonnage.UptoDecember31,Departmentofnaturalresourceshaslistedcoalbedmethaneexplorationrights(Synclinewestwingblock,Qianxi),JunggarbasinDayou1explorationinXinjiangand·35·中国天然气发展报告（2022）otherthreeoilandgasexplorationright,TarimbasinShule-YuepulakeexplorationinXinjiangandothersixoilandgasexplorationright,TarimbasinWeilixi2explorationinXinjiangandothersixoilandgasexplorationrightforsaleinfourtimesin2021.January2022OnJanuary24,thePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommitteeheldits36thcollectivelearningtostrivetoachievethegoalofcarbonpeakandcarbonneutrality.PresidentXiJinpingemphasizedthatachievingcarbonpeakandcarbonneutralityisaninherentrequirementforimplementingnewdevelopmentconcepts,buildinganewdevelopmentpatternandpromotinghigh-qualitydevelopment,andisamajorstrategicdecisionmadebytheCPCCentralCommitteeincoordinatingdomesticandinternationalsituations.OnJanuary29,theconstructionofChina’sfirstmillion-metric-tonlevelcarboncapture,utilizationandstorage(CCUS)project,builtbySinopecQiluPetrochemicalCompanyandSinopecShengliOilfield,wascompleted.February2022OnFebruary3,CNPCandGazpromsignedapurchaseandsaleagreement,agreeingtosupplygasfromRussia’sFarEasttoChinathroughpipelineswithanannualcontractvolumeof10bcm.ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·36·OnFebruary10,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionandtheNationalEnergyAdministrationissuedthe“OpinionsonImprovingInstitutionalMechanismsandPolicyMeasuresforGreenandLow-CarbonEnergyTransition”.OnFebruary28,thefirstphaseoftheWen23gasstorageproject,thelargestgasstorageincentralandeasternChinawascompletedandputintooperation.March2022OnMarch22,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionandtheNationalEnergyAdministrationissuedthe“14thFive-YearPlanforaModernEnergySystem”,proposingthemaingoalsfortheconstructionofamodernenergysystemduringthe14thFive-YearPlanperiod.OnMarch29,theNationalEnergyAdministrationissuedthe“GuidingOpinionsonEnergyWorkin2022”,proposingthatthemaingoalin2022istoenhancesupplysecuritycapacity.April2022OnApril13,PresidentXiJinpinginspectedHainan.BuildingamaritimepowerisamajorstrategictaskforrealizingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Itisnecessarytopromotehigh-levelself-relianceandself-improvementinmarinetechnology,strengthenoriginalandleadingtechnological·37·中国天然气发展报告（2022）researches,keeptheindependenceofequipmentmanufacturing,strivetouseownequipmenttodevelopoilandgasresources,increaseenergyself-sufficiency,andensurenationalenergysecurity.OnApril21,theNationalEnergyAdministrationorganizedandheldnationalconferenceoftheplanningconstructionandprotectionoftheoilandgaspipelines,implementedthedecisionsandarrangementsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil,promotedtheimplementationofthe14thFive-yearPlanforoilandgas,acceleratedtheconstructionofpipelineinfrastructure,andcoordinatedpipelineprotection.OnApril26,PresidentXiJinpinghostthe11thmeetingofthecentralfinancialandEconomicCommission,madenewarrangementsforcomprehensivelystrengtheninginfrastructureconstruction,andpointedoutthedirectionforbuildingamoderninfrastructuresystem.May2022OnMay26,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionissuedthe“GuidingOpinionsonImprovingthePricingMechanismforRegasificationServicesatLNGImportTerminals”.June2022OnJune10,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilissuedChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)·38·the“ImplementationPlanforAgingandRenovationofUrbanGasPipelines(2022–2025)”.OnJune27,theMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentandtheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionjointlyissuedthe“NoticeonTheGuidelinesforTheAssessmentofAgingofUrbanGasPipelines”.Since2022,theMinistryofNaturalResourceshaslistedtwobatchesofthetransferoftwoshalegasexplorationrightssuchasLiuchengNorthBlock,Guangxi,andfouroilandnaturalgasexplorationrightssuchasSouthBlockinHeilongjiang.July2022OnJuly24,theNationalEnergyAdministrationheldameetinginBeijingtopromoteoilandgasexplorationanddevelopmentin2022.Theconferencepointedoutthatthenationalenergysystemandoilandgasindustryshallpromoteoilandgasreserveandcapacity,toachieveamajorbreakthroughinexploration,asteadygrowthofcrudeoilcapacity,andaquickgrowthofnaturalgascapacity.Themeetingcalledforraisingpoliticalpositions,firmlyholdingthebottomlineofoilandgasstrategicsecurity,andusingthecertaintyofcapacityincreaseandsupplyguaranteeofdomesticoilandgastocopewiththeuncertaintyoftheexternalenvironment.