Physical
Shocks
Transitional
Shocks
—Average developments
—Frequency of extreme events
—Policy
—Technology
Reporting
Assessment at different levels
Macro-Economy
Markets
Supply Chains
Operations &
Assets
Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptive Capacity
Quantitative Effects
Qualitative Effects
Countries & Reg ions Sectors & Asset Classes Companies Facilities & Collateral
—Earnings potential
—Collateral
—Company values
—Ranking
—Portfolio “temperature”
Balance Sheet Evolution
P&L and Risk
(e.g. via rating models,
impairment, RWA)
Analyze KPIs
Develop
“Climate Strategy”
Assumptions
Management Actions from
“Climate Strategy”
Scenario Results
Scenario Setting Modelling of Cause-Effect Relationships Effects
Narrative & Basic Parameters
—Companies are expected to align with IPCC &
IEA scenarios
—Large variety of IPCC scenarios
—Based on IPCC, NGFS has defined a set of
reference scenarios
—Expansion of scenario parameters w.r.t. countries / sectors (transition risk) or
regions / specific location of assets (physical risk)
—Many cause-effect-relationships to consider –necessary to prioritize based on
the portfolio
—Hardly any out of the box methodology available
—Horizon extending to 2050 or 2100
—Change of portfolio as a response to changes is part of the exercise
—Reporting to focus on measures and strategy
—Continuous involvement of CEO departments
Model Inputs Hong Kong Extreme Weather Simulator Property Impacts
Damage Curves
The KPMG tool leverages the
damage curves from Emanuel,
Kerry.
Hong Kong Weather
The KPMG tool leverages large
amounts of historical weather
data published by the HKO.
Portfolio Data
The KPMG tool can load loan
specific portfolio data, including
collateral values.
Climate Stress
Scenario
The KPMG tool is designed to
meet the requirements of the
HKMA stress test, including all
the key inputs (e.g.
temperature, sea level, tropical
cyclone occurrence and rainfall)
Extreme Weather Simulation Engine
•Use of historical tropical cyclone
information and stress assumptions to
simulate increased intensity and
frequency of tropical cyclones.
•Significant amounts of Hong Kong climate
data to forecast rainfall conditions and the
combined impact of rainfall, tropical
cyclones and sea level rises.
Moving up the Damage Curve..
•KPMG has sourced and developed damage
curves for Hong Kong.
•Storm surges, severe rainfall and sea level
rises combine to push extreme events further
up the damage curve.
•Once the shocks have been
translated to the damage curve
for a number of simulations by
the Monte Carlo method, the
damages will be converted into
shocks on the property price.
•Property damages can be
assessed and the impact on
insurance claims can be
assessed.
•Risk classification is also
conducted to single out the
Bank’s exposures that are highly
vulnerable to climate risk. Below
shows the visualization of the
Bank’s collateral by risk severity.
Hong Kong Damage Curve –tropical cyclone
Hong Kong tropical cyclones’ frequency distribution Hong Kong storm surge distribution under tropical cyclones