版本说明 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................2
引言 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................5
执行摘要 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................6
1 智能电网在德国的兴起 ..................................................................................................................................................................7
1.1 去中心化——智能电网的驱动力............................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 通过发展智能电网应对挑战 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 什么是智能电网? ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.4 信息通信技术的影响 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
2 德国智能电网的发展 ....................................................................................................................................................................12
2.1 观念的转变——智能电网的参与方......................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 智能电网运营 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
2.3 配电网扩建与智能电网规划 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.4 电动车接入电网 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.5 数据的使用 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
3 德国智能电网的挑战与尝试 .........................................................................................................................................................20
3.1 技术挑战 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2 监管挑战 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.3 运营挑战 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.4 相关研究和试点项目 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
4 德国的经验教训 - 智能电表的推广...............................................................................................................................................24
5 结论 .............................................................................................................................................................................................26
图片列表 .............................................................................................................................................................................................27
参考文献 .............................................................................................................................................................................................28