促进可持续性的标准（英）-UNIDOVIP专享VIP免费

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2023-04-18
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STANDARDS FOR

SUSTAINABILITY

UNIDO’s Contribution to Voluntary

Sustainability Standards

International trade is a powerful tool to stimulate economic progress and

reduce poverty, for which standards play an important role. Research shows

that standards that uphold not only the quality, but also the sustainability

of methods of production can be the key for developing countries to unlock

new markets.

Such voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) specify requirements that

producers, traders, manufacturers, retailers or service providers may be asked

to meet, relating to a wide range of sustainability metrics, including respect

for basic human rights, worker health and safety, environmental impacts,

community relations, and land-use planning. VSS play an important role in

guiding buyers and producers to better social and environmental outcomes

in supply chains.

They also play a role in meeting genuine consumer interest to understand and

improve the conditions under which the products they buy are manufactured

and traded. The COVID-19 pandemic has further increased interest among

retailers and consumers who want more clarity on where their products

originate. In this regard, certifications and quality standards are important

tools to achieve transparency and traceability of product origins in international

trade, especially considering their efficiency to detect any possible causes of

diseases. Additional benefits of certification relate to consumer protection,

Good Manufacturing Practice, and corporate social responsibility. VSS have

thus become highly desirable for brands that want to build trust with consumers.

The social and environmental issues associated with international trade that

are concerning to many consumers of imported products have salience in light

of international commitments made by countries to protect the environment

and defend human rights. With rising consumer awareness on sustainability

issues stimulating demand for VSS—and big retailers and private businesses

requiring VSS, thus making them mandatory—VSS serve as an entry point

for many producers from developing countries, creating greater export

opportunities.

The private sector can contribute to more sustainable business practices

through trade with VSS, which also have the potential to generate significant

economic, social and environmental benefits. This highlights the relevance

of VSS for three of the five Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) pillars,

namely people, planet and prosperity, thereby also making VSS key to

the operationalization of the SDGs and to supporting both developed and

developing countries to meet SDG targets. The sustainable practices promoted

by the more than two hundred existing VSS align to some extent with the SDGs.

THE ROLE OF VOLUNTARY

SUSTAINABILITY STANDARDS

RELEVANCE OF VSS FOR PEOPLE,

PLANET AND PROSPERITY

There are substantial VSS linkages for SDGs focusing on social issues (e.g.

SDGs 1, 2, 3 and 4), and almost all existing VSS address both social and

environmental issues. Given this, VSS can also affect outcomes such as

child education, nutrition, and gender equality (in addition to environmental

protection) through various intended and unintended channels.

Sustainability standards also generate gender-sensitive assurances in

the operational procedures and norms established by companies to drive

systemic changes for women in supply chains and improve their overall working

conditions. VSS can potentially contribute to higher incomes for women in

agriculture and women can also receive financial support provided through

certification. This includes pre-financing or premiums that can contribute

to women’s ability to access productive inputs and credit. When producer

organizations support these measures, it can enhance women’s rights to

productive agriculture resources.

Fairtrade and UTZ are examples of VSS involving specific gender and non-

discrimination policies that could help promote women’s status and reduce

prevalent gender disparities in access to information, inputs, and services.

Furthermore, VSS promote gender equality in agriculture by potentially

contributing to household food security; women’s rights to productive

agricultural resources; gender equality in education; women’s unpaid domestic

labour; women’s decision making and empowerment; and decent work for

women.

The SDGs with the most VSS linkages primarily concern the economic

dimensions of sustainable development (i.e. SDGs 8 and 12). Agriculture

is the sector most covered by VSS and, on average, participating farmers in

agricultural value chains are found to derive economic benefits from them.

For example, the implementation of VSS can help farmers in developing

countries improve their farming techniques and product quality, allowing

them to participate in high-value added supply chains and markets. In turn,

VSS can lead to higher and more stable prices for certified farmers.

There are also substantial VSS linkages for SDGs focusing on the environment

(e.g. SDG 15). VSS such as Fairtrade, Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC), Marine

Stewardship Council (MSC), Organic, Rainforest Alliance, and UTZ are designed

to address ecological and ethical concerns, and are often seen as a promising

market-based tool to enforce standards where functioning governmental

regulation mechanisms are absent.

People

Prosperity

Planet

/13

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STANDARDSFORSUSTAINABILITYUNIDO’sContributiontoVoluntarySustainabilityStandardsInternationaltradeisapowerfultooltostimulateeconomicprogressandreducepoverty,forwhichstandardsplayanimportantrole.Researchshowsthatstandardsthatupholdnotonlythequality,butalsothesustainabilityofmethodsofproductioncanbethekeyfordevelopingcountriestounlocknewmarkets.Suchvoluntarysustainabilitystandards(VSS)specifyrequirementsthatproducers,traders,manufacturers,retailersorserviceprovidersmaybeaskedtomeet,relatingtoawiderangeofsustainabilitymetrics,includingrespectforbasichumanrights,workerhealthandsafety,environmentalimpacts,communityrelations,andland-useplanning.VSSplayanimportantroleinguidingbuyersandproducerstobettersocialandenvironmentaloutcomesinsupplychains.Theyalsoplayaroleinmeetinggenuineconsumerinteresttounderstandandimprovetheconditionsunderwhichtheproductstheybuyaremanufacturedandtraded.TheCOVID-19pandemichasfurtherincreasedinterestamongretailersandconsumerswhowantmoreclarityonwheretheirproductsoriginate.Inthisregard,certificationsandqualitystandardsareimportanttoolstoachievetransparencyandtraceabilityofproductoriginsininternationaltrade,especiallyconsideringtheirefficiencytodetectanypossiblecausesofdiseases.Additionalbenefitsofcertificationrelatetoconsumerprotection,GoodManufacturingPractice,andcorporatesocialresponsibility.VSShavethusbecomehighlydesirableforbrandsthatwanttobuildtrustwithconsumers.Thesocialandenvironmentalissuesassociatedwithinternationaltradethatareconcerningtomanyconsumersofimportedproductshavesalienceinlightofinternationalcommitmentsmadebycountriestoprotecttheenvironmentanddefendhumanrights.WithrisingconsumerawarenessonsustainabilityissuesstimulatingdemandforVSS—andbigretailersandprivatebusinessesrequiringVSS,thusmakingthemmandatory—VSSserveasanentrypointformanyproducersfromdevelopingcountries,creatinggreaterexportopportunities.TheprivatesectorcancontributetomoresustainablebusinesspracticesthroughtradewithVSS,whichalsohavethepotentialtogeneratesignificanteconomic,socialandenvironmentalbenefits.ThishighlightstherelevanceofVSSforthreeofthefiveSustainableDevelopmentGoal(SDG)pillars,namelypeople,planetandprosperity,therebyalsomakingVSSkeytotheoperationalizationoftheSDGsandtosupportingbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriestomeetSDGtargets.ThesustainablepracticespromotedbythemorethantwohundredexistingVSSaligntosomeextentwiththeSDGs.THEROLEOFVOLUNTARYSUSTAINABILITYSTANDARDSRELEVANCEOFVSSFORPEOPLE,PLANETANDPROSPERITYTherearesubstantialVSSlinkagesforSDGsfocusingonsocialissues(e.g.SDGs1,2,3and4),andalmostallexistingVSSaddressbothsocialandenvironmentalissues.Giventhis,VSScanalsoaffectoutcomessuchaschildeducation,nutrition,andgenderequality(inadditiontoenvironmentalprotection)throughvariousintendedandunintendedchannels.Sustainabilitystandardsalsogenerategender-sensitiveassurancesintheoperationalproceduresandnormsestablishedbycompaniestodrivesystemicchangesforwomeninsupplychainsandimprovetheiroverallworkingconditions.VSScanpotentiallycontributetohigherincomesforwomeninagricultureandwomencanalsoreceivefinancialsupportprovidedthroughcertification.Thisincludespre-financingorpremiumsthatcancontributetowomen’sabilitytoaccessproductiveinputsandcredit.Whenproducerorganizationssupportthesemeasures,itcanenhancewomen’srightstoproductiveagricultureresources.FairtradeandUTZareexamplesofVSSinvolvingspecificgenderandnon-discriminationpoliciesthatcouldhelppromotewomen’sstatusandreduceprevalentgenderdisparitiesinaccesstoinformation,inputs,andservices.Furthermore,VSSpromotegenderequalityinagriculturebypotentiallycontributingtohouseholdfoodsecurity;women’srightstoproductiveagriculturalresources;genderequalityineducation;women’sunpaiddomesticlabour;women’sdecisionmakingandempowerment;anddecentworkforwomen.TheSDGswiththemostVSSlinkagesprimarilyconcerntheeconomicdimensionsofsustainabledevelopment(i.e.SDGs8and12).AgricultureisthesectormostcoveredbyVSSand,onaverage,participatingfarmersinagriculturalvaluechainsarefoundtoderiveeconomicbenefitsfromthem.Forexample,theimplementationofVSScanhelpfarmersindevelopingcountriesimprovetheirfarmingtechniquesandproductquality,allowingthemtoparticipateinhigh-valueaddedsupplychainsandmarkets.Inturn,VSScanleadtohigherandmorestablepricesforcertifiedfarmers.TherearealsosubstantialVSSlinkagesforSDGsfocusingontheenvironment(e.g.SDG15).VSSsuchasFairtrade,ForestryStewardshipCouncil(FSC),MarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC),Organic,RainforestAlliance,andUTZaredesignedtoaddressecologicalandethicalconcerns,andareoftenseenasapromisingmarket-basedtooltoenforcestandardswherefunctioninggovernmentalregulationmechanismsareabsent.PeopleProsperityPlanetUNITEDNATIONSFORUMONSUSTAINABILITYSTANDARDSDespitetheseopportunitiespresentedbyVSS,manydecision-makersindevelopingcountrieshavedifficultyfindingcrediblestandards,complianceiscostly,small-scaleproducersriskexclusion,andstandardsarenotharmonized,causingunnecessaryduplication.Asaresultofthislackofinfrastructureandthenecessarypublicfinance,manybusinessesindevelopingcountriesarepreventedfromexportingtomoreprofitablemarketsindevelopedcountries.Inresponsetothesechallengesfacingdecision-makersindevelopingcountries,theUnitedNationsForumonSustainabilityStandards(UNFSS)wasestablishedin2013asajointinitiativeoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),theInternationalTradeCentre(ITC),theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD),theUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),andtheUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO).Servingasaneutral,independentdialogueforum,theUNFSShelpsproducers,traders,consumers,standards-setters,certificationbodies,tradediplomats,non-governmentalorganizationsandresearcherstofindrelevantinformationonVSS,sharetheirexperiences,obtaintechnicalhelpandinfluencedecision-makersattheintergovernmentallevel.TheUNFSSisrootedintheexistingmandatesandactivitiesofthefiveparticipatingagenciesandaddressesthesustainabledevelopmentvalueofVSSbypoolingresourcesandsynchronizingefforts.Moreover,theUNFSSassurespolicycoherence,coordinationandcollaborationamongtheagenciesthatcompriseit,whileeachmemberagencyhasitsownprojectsandrelatedworkonVSSandsustainabledevelopment.Aseriesofanalysisandinformation-sharingactivitiesareundertakentofacilitatethisdialogue,includingtheproductionofaflagshipreportontopicalVSSissues;supportfornationalinitiativesthroughNationalPlatforms;InformedPolicyDialogueonVSSanditscontributiontoachievingtheSDGs;anddisseminationofinformationandawarenessbuilding,includingthroughtheUNFSSwebsite.UNIDO’SCONTRIBUTIONTOVSSTheUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO)isthespecializedUnitedNationsagencysupportingdevelopingcountriestofacilitateindustrialdevelopmentforpovertyeradication,globalizationoftradeandenvironmentalsustainability.UNIDO’smandateisbestcapturedinSDG9whichspeakstoinclusiveandsustainableindustrialdevelopment(ISID),andaimsatenhancedeconomiccompetitiveness,socialinclusionandsafeguardingtheenvironment.UNIDOconsidersVSStobeamajortoolforopeningopportunitiesfortheintegrationofbusinessoperatorsintoglobalmarketsandvaluechains.UNIDO’sinterventionswithrespecttoVSShelpbusinesses—particularlysmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)—toachieveandproveconformitywithmarketrequirements,competeoninternationalmarketsandconnecttoglobalvaluechains.ItsworkspanspolicyandgovernanceadvicetothedevelopmentofQualityInfrastructure(QI)institutionsandconformityassessmentservices,includingthesupportoftheprivatesectorinachievingcompliancewithinternationalpublicandprivatestandardsandtechnicalregulations.Theseactionsarearesponsetothefactthatglobaltradeincreasinglytakesplacewithinvaluechains,andinasystemthatisgovernedbymultilateraltraderulessuchasWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)agreementsonbehind-the-borderregulationsliketechnicalbarrierstotrade(TBT)andsanitaryandphytosanitarymeasures(SPS).Inaddition,thequalityandcomplianceofproductsandserviceswithmarketrequirementsandstandardsonconsumerhealthandsafety,environmentalimpact,laborconditionsand/orsustainability(includingvoluntarystandards)havebecomekeyelementsofcompetitivenessinglobalbusinessrelations.AsUNIDOrecognizesthepotentialofVSStocontributetoexport-ledgrowth,wealthcreationandpovertyreduction,and,ifproperlyusedbycountries,toserveasaneffectivetooltoachievetheSDGs,itcontributestoVSSthrough:»»knowledgesharingandawarenessraising;»»partnerships;and»»technicalcooperation.UNIDOcontributestotheUNFSS’sbiennialFlagshipReport,whichisapivotaltoolforallstakeholdersfromthepublicandprivatesectorstogainsubstantialinformation,throughatransparentnetwork,ontrendingtopicsimportanttotheevolutionofVSS.Thereport,inpublicationsince2013,hascoveredtopicsrangingfrompublicpolicyissuesandobjectives,toVSSandtheroleofgovernment,toVSStradeandsustainabledevelopment,toscalingupVSSthroughsustainablepublicprocurementandtradepolicy.IntheUNIDOpublicationMakingPrivateStandardsWorkforYou:Aguidetoprivatestandardsingarmentsfootwearandfurnituresectors,producersintherespectivesectorsareprovidedwithinsightsintothelandscapeofprivatestandardsandwithguidanceforturningprivatestandardstotheiradvantage.UNIDO’sRebootingQualityInfrastructureforaSustainableFutureexplainsthat“throughvoluntarymeasures,theprivatesectorcanalsogiveasubstantialcontributiontosustainabilityintradealongvaluechains,byactivelysupportingtheexchangeofenvironmentallyandsociallyfriendlygoods,servicesandtechnologies”.Theprivatesector’scontributiontoachievingtheSDGsthroughtheadoptionofsustainabilitystandardswasfurthershowcasedduringtheInternationalQualityInfrastructureForum,organizedbyUNIDOincooperationwiththeAfricanUnionCommission,andheldinBrussels,in2019.WorkingwithinitsInformedPolicyDialoguefunction,theUNFSSinteractsregularlywithleadinginstitutionsandexpertsfromboththepublicandprivatesectors,whiledrawingdecision-makersandnationalexpertsfromdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesintothedialoguessupportedbytheForum.Thesedialoguesusuallytaketheformofconferences,expertmeetings,casestudiesortechnicalreports.ThisformofdialogueprovidesthemostaccurateandcredibleinformationonVSS,giventheheightenedconcernsexpressedbydevelopingcountries.TheUNFSSInformedPolicyDialoguefeedsintotheInternationalConventiononSustainableTradeandStandards(ICTS),whichservestocreateawarenessonthechallengesandopportunitiesofVSSschemessuchthatthecentralreasontocomplywithVSSistheachievementoftheSDGs.Mostimportantly,theICTSprovidesaspacefornationalandlocalstakeholderstoparticipateininternationaldialoguesthataresupportedbytheUnitedNations,particularlythefiveUnitedNationsagenciesbehindUNFSS.UNIDORepresentativeshaveparticipatedinbothICTSsheldtodate,inBrazil(2019)andIndia(2018).AdditionalknowledgeexchangetakesplacewithintheUNFSS’sVSSAcademicAdvisoryCouncil(AAC),designedtopursuethescientificobjectiveofunderstandingthedeterminantsandeffectivenessofVSS.TheAACbringstogetheraglobalmixofexpertsfromawidevarietyofacademicbackgrounds,rangingfrompublicinternationallaw,internationalpoliticaleconomy,economicsandpublicmanagement,tohumanrightsandsustainabilitystudies.KNOWLEDGESHARING&AWARENESSRAISINGNationalPlatformsInseveralemergingcountries,includingBrazil,China,Colombia,IndiaandMexico,theUNFSSsupportsNationalPlatforms,whicharenationalinitiativescreatedandsharedbystakeholdersundereachcountries’respectivecoordinatingbodytoreflectlocalpriorities.TheyprovideaneutralforumtoexchangeinformationandlearnaboutVSS,aswellastocollectinformationonnationalstandards,assesstheneedsofdecision-makers,policymakersandotherstakeholders,linknationaldemandswithinternationalexpertise,andinstitutionalizeVSStostrengthencommunication.TheexperiencesandlessonslearnedfromtheseNationalPlatformsarefedintopolicydialoguesoftheForum,andappliedtoothercountriesinsimilarsituations.ISEALAtthegloballevel,inadditiontoitscontributiontotheUNFSS,UNIDOispartneringwithkeyplayersinVSS,includingtheISEALmembershipallianceofcrediblesustainabilitystandards.AstrategicalliancewithISEALhasresultedinpromotingsustainabilitystandardsthroughmajorglobaleventsincludingoneassociatedwithprojectsinColombia(2016)andinIndonesia(2017).GlobalSustainableSeafoodInitiative(GSSI)Atthesectorallevel,UNIDOjoinedtheGlobalSustainableSeafoodInitiative(GSSI)in2020asanAffiliatedPartner.TheGSSIaimstoensureclarity,confidenceandchoiceinthesupplyandpromotionofcertifiedseafoodaswellastopromoteimprovementsinseafoodcertificationschemes.UNIDOjoiningFAOinthispartnershipwithGSSIwillstrengthentheglobaleffortstopromotesustainablefisheriesdevelopment,andincreaseitslong-termcontributiontosecuringbetterlivelihoodsinproducercommunitiesandprotectingthenaturalenvironment.PARTNERSHIPSTECHNICALCOOPERATIONThereisageneraltrendtowardsstandardizationandapplicationofstandardsdrivenbyvalidmotivesthatincludeconsumersbecomingmoredemandingregardingthesafetyandqualityofproductsaswellasmanagerialandtechnologicalinnovations(e.g.inproductionprocessesandproductdesign).Othermotivesincludeincreasedawarenessandconcernforsocialandenvironmentalsustainabilityissuesamongmanygovernments,consumers,non-governmentalorganizationsandcivilsocietyorganizations.Despitethistrend,theabilityofdevelopingcountriesandeconomiesintransitiontocompeteinglobalmarketsandparticipateininternationalvaluechainsisoftenhamperedbytheirdifficultiesindemonstratingcompliancewithqualityrequirementsdefinedinstandards(includingVSSwhich,aspreviouslymentioned,havebecomedefactomandatorystandards)andtraderules.AsallVSSrequireproducerstoincurcertaincostsassociatedwithchangingtheirproductiontechniquesandobtainingcertificationfortheiroutput,thoseunabletoadaptfaceexclusionfromglobalmarkets.Atthesametime,becauseVSSalsogeneratepotentialbenefits—certificationmayexpanddemand(improveaccesstoimportingmarkets)andtheshifttowardsgreatersustainabilitymaybeassociatedwithproductivityimprovements—overcomingsuchchallengesisessentialtohelpproducersmeetincreasedglobaldemandforVSSandreaptheirbenefits.UNIDOhelpsitsMemberStatestotacklerelatedchallengesbyworkingwiththemtosetupaQI,whichisoneofthespecializedservicestheOrganizationprovidestopromoteISID.Thisapproachcontributestoeconomicdevelopmentandthewell-beingofpeoplethroughthestrengtheningofacountry’sindustrialbaseasaplatformforsocialinclusiveness,economiccompetitiveness,environmentalsustainabilityandintegrationintotheglobaltradingsystem.UNIDO’sapproachtoQIdevelopmentissystemicandholistic,frombuildingawarenesstohelpinginitiate,developandstrengthenafit-for-purposeQIthatrunsefficientlyandcost-effectively.UNIDOpromotesgoodpractice,capacitybuildingandtraining,andfostersglobalcooperationinthedevelopmentofstandards-setting,measurementandcompliancealongvaluechains.Itworkswithpartnersfromthepublicandprivatesectors,academia,nationalandinternationalorganizationsengagedinstandardsdevelopment,andglobalmetrology,standardsandconformityassessmentpractice.InsupportingitsMemberStateswithstrengtheningtheirqualitysystems,UNIDOcontributestotheworkonVSSinitsprojectcountries,examplesofwhichincludeColombia,IndonesiaandPeru.TheGlobalQualityandStandardsProgramme(GQSP)PeruprojectisstrengtheningthequalityofthePeruviancoffeeandcocoavaluechainbyimprovingthetechnicalcompetenceandsustainabilityoftheNationalQualitySystem,enhancingSMEcompliancewithstandardsandtechnicalregulations,andpromotingcultureforquality.AfteramappingofmandatoryandvoluntarystandardsfortheEUandUSmarkets,andidentifyingqualityrequirements,theprojectdesignedtargetedinterventionstoaddressqualitygapsinthepublicandprivatesectors.TheGQSPPeruiscurrentlysupportingtheNationalQualityInstitute(INACAL)todeveloprelevantstandards,includingonGoodManufacturingPractices,sensoryevaluationforchocolateandenvironmentalfootprint.Additionally,UNIDOishelpingINACALtopromotestandardsonGoodManufacturingPracticesandGoodAgriculturalPractices,amongothers.TheprojectisalsosupportingtheNationalServiceofAgrarianHealth(SENASA)tostrengthenitsfunctionstocontroltheorganicproductionbystrengtheningitsseedsauthority,improvingtheirorganicproductioncontrolsystems,andsupportingtheimplementationofinternalsystemscontrolsandtheimplementationoftheorganicseal.AspartofthesupporttoSMEstocomplywithVSS,andincreaseawarenessonqualityculture,theprojectdesignedaseriesoffivewebinarsonorganiccertificationforcoffeeandcocoa.Theseriesincludedtheparticipationof16nationalandinternationalexpertswhopresentedanddiscussedorganicagriculture,voluntarystandards,certifications,benefitsandtrends,organicandspecialitycoffee,organicandfinearomacocoa,mainchallengesoftheorganiccertificationinPeruandtheorganiccertificationprocess.Additionally,theprojectsupportedtheCocoaandChocolateShoworganizedbythePeruvianAssociationofCocoaProducers(APPCACAO)throughaConferenceonISO34140–SustainableCacaotogetherwiththeISOCocoaCommitteeChairmanMr.J.H.M.Steijn.EnsuringsustainabilityofcoffeeandcocoafromPeruColombiaseekstoberecognizedasaregionalleaderintheproductionandexportofcosmeticsmanufacturedusingnaturalingredientsby2032.However,toexporttointernationalmarkets,thesectorneedstomeetthetechnicalrequirementsintermsofqualitythroughouttheentirevaluechain.ClosingthisgapwastheobjectiveoftheSafe+qualityprogrammeforthecosmeticsector.UNIDOhassupportedColombia’seffortstointegrateintotheregionalandmultilateraltradingsystemsbyenhancingitstradecapacitiesandperformance.Thiswascarriedoutthroughaqualityprogrammeaimedatthecosmeticsector’sproductionchain.ThemainoutcomesofUNIDO’sinterventionhavebeenstrengtheningoftheNationalQualityInfrastructure;fosteringColombia’sintegrationintotheregionalandmultilateraltradingsystems;andimprovingthecosmeticsector’scapacitytocomplywithinternationalquality,privateandsustainabilitystandards.Throughitstechnicalcooperationactivities,theQualityProgrammefortheChemicalValueChain,aspartoftheGlobalQualityStandardsProgrammeColombia,haspromotedtheadoptionofstandardsandtechnicalqualityrequirementstopreparemorethan50micro,smallandmediumenterprisesforthechallengesanddemandsofinternationalmarketsbygeneratingtechnicalcapabilitieswithintheircompanies.Thesetechnicalcapabilitieswillenablethemtoofferproductswithgreateraddedvalue,reducingtheirimpactonhumanhealthandtheenvironment.ThetechnicalassistanceprovidedrelatestosustainabilityinthecontextofVSSandbeyond,andincludesthe:»»AdoptionoftheGloballyHarmonizedSystem(GHS);»»Implementationofgreenseals;and»»Sustainabilitypilotforcontainersandpackaginginthechemicalsector.SustainablepracticesinColombiaForenteringglobalmarketsForpreservingtheenvironmentStandardsforsustainabilityoffisheriesandaquacultureinIndonesiaInIndonesia,undertheSMART-Fishprogramme(2015–2019)andtheGlobalQualityandStandardsProgramme(2019–2022),UNIDOhassoughttocontributetostrengtheningthetradecapacityofshrimp,seaweed,poleandlinetuna,milkfish,pangasiusandcatfishtoincreaseexports,whileensuringtheconservationofbiodiversitybypromotingsustainabilitystandards.InthecourseofdevelopmentoftheSeaweedProductionStandardoftheAquacultureandMarineStewardshipCouncil(ASC/MSC),theprogrammeincollaborationwithWWFIndonesiafacilitatedinvolvementofseaweedindustrystakeholders,whichmainlyconsistsofsmallfarmers,toensuretheirneedsandinterestsareaccommodatedinthestandard.Inaddition,UNIDOsupportedthedevelopmentofASEANTunaEcoLabel(ATEL).ATELcertificationisexpectedtobeamoreaffordableandlesscumbersomesustainabilitystandardthatisconsistentwithFAOguidelines.TheprogrammesupportedPole&LineandHandLineTunaAssociationofIndonesia(AP2HI)since2015intheireffortstoobtainMSCcertification.Regularpublic–privateroundtableserieswereheldtodrawaroadmapforMSCcertificationtogetherwithlocalandinternationalorganizations.TheprogrammealsosupportedcompliancewiththeChainofCustody(CoC)standardofMSC.In2020,AP2HI’sP&LtunasuccessfullyobtainedMSCcertificate.UNIDOsupportsdevelopmentofIndonesianGoodAquaculturePractices(IndoGAP)asathird-partycertificationcoveringsustainability,safetyandsocialaspects.In2015,theprogrammesupportedtheMinistryofMarineAffairsandFisheries(MMAF)tojointhepilotbenchmarkingofGlobalSustainableSeafoodInitiative(GSSI)asabasisforfurtherdevelopingtheIndoGAPstandardandcertificationschemeinlinewithFAOguidelines.TheIndoGAPcertificationisplannedtoberolledoutin2021,andfullyassessedbytheGSSIin2022.Lookingtobuildfuturehumanresourcesinlinewithsustainableindustry,UNIDOhassupportedtheJakartaPolytechniqueUniversityofFisheriestodiversifydegreecoursesinaquaculture,fisheriesandseafoodprocessingtechnologiesandengineering,andmainstreamedsustainability,productivity,traceabilityandinnovationinuniversitycurriculumandcourseoutlines.VSSsupporttheintegrationofsociallyandenvironmentallyresponsiblebehavior,particularlyintheprivatesector,whichisanimportantstakeholderforrealizingthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentandrelatedSDGs.TherisingdemandfromretailersandconsumersfortransparencyinvaluechainshasbeenfurtherexacerbatedbytheCOVID-19pandemic,makingVSSmoreimportantthanever.Inviewofthis,UNIDOwillcontinueitswork,incooperationwithrelevantstakeholders,toassistcountriesinleveragingVSStobuildbackmoresustainablyandinclusivelypost-pandemicandtoreachtheirSDGtargets,takingintoaccountthetriplebottomlineofpeople,planetandprosperity.THEWAYFORWARDDepartmentofDigitalization,TechnologyandInnovation(DTI)ViennaInternationalCentre,P.O.Box300,1400Vienna,AustriaEmail:dti@unido.orgwww.unido.org

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