东盟节能建筑和建设路线图：实现净零碳建筑和施工的时间表和行动（英）-IEAVIP专享VIP免费

下载本文档

阅读 343
格式 pdf
大小 7.12 MB
约171页
2023-04-18
收藏
点赞(0)
海报
举报

Roadmap for

Energy-Eicient Buildings

and Construction in ASEAN

Timelines and actions towards net zero-carbon

buildings and construction

The IEA examines the

full spectrum

of energy issues

including oil, gas and

coal supply and

demand, renewable

energy technologies,

electricity markets,

energy efficiency,

access to energy,

demand side

management and

much more. Through

its work, the IEA

advocates policies that

will enhance the

reliability, affordability

and sustainability of

energy in its

31 member countries,

10 association

countries and beyond.

Please note that this

publication is subject to

specific restrictions that limit

its use and distribution. The

terms and conditions are

available online at

www.iea.org/t&c/

This publication and any

map included herein are

without prejudice to the

status of or sovereignty over

any territory, to the

delimitation of international

frontiers and boundaries and

to the name of any territory,

city or area.

Source: IEA. All rights

reserved.

International Energy Agency

Website: www.iea.org

IEA member

countries:

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Korea

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Mexico

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Slovak Republic

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

The European

Commission also

participates in the

work of the IEA

IEA association

countries:

Argentina

Brazil

China

Egypt

India

Indonesia

Morocco

Singapore

South Africa

Thailand

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY

AGENCY

Roadmap for Energy-Efficient Buildings and Construction in ASEAN Abstract

PAGE | 3

Abstract

The buildings sector plays a key role in decarbonising the global economy. In the

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), buildings account for close to a

quarter of the region’s total final energy consumption and energy-related CO2

emissions. With continued economic development, urbanisation and population

growth across the region, the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) analysis shows

that both final energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings will continue

to grow without ambitious policy actions. Improving the energy efficiency of

building envelopes and systems, increasing renewable energy utilisation, phasing

out the use of traditional biomass and switching to clean cooking and electricity,

while enhancing energy access for vulnerable households across the region, can

result in more than a 60% reduction in CO2 emissions from buildings by 2040 in

relation to 2020, and provide many other benefits to households, society and

governments.

The Roadmap for Energy-Efficient Buildings and Construction in ASEAN focuses

on the policy tools available for ASEAN Member States to drive energy efficiency

improvements in the building sector to help meet growing needs for residential

and non-residential floor space and energy services, while limiting the growth in

energy demand and related emissions. It identifies key energy-efficient and low-

carbon actions and activities that governments could consider for implementation

by 2025, 2030 and beyond, moving towards net zero-carbon buildings.

/171

下载本文档

文本预览下载提示常见问题

RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTimelinesandactionstowardsnetzero-carbonbuildingsandconstructionTheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,10associationcountriesandbeyond.Pleasenotethatthispublicationissubjecttospecificrestrictionsthatlimititsuseanddistribution.Thetermsandconditionsareavailableonlineatwww.iea.org/t&c/Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Source:IEA.Allrightsreserved.InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgIEAmembercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesTheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAassociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaMoroccoSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAbstractPAGE3IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.AbstractThebuildingssectorplaysakeyroleindecarbonisingtheglobaleconomy.IntheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN),buildingsaccountforclosetoaquarteroftheregion’stotalfinalenergyconsumptionandenergy-relatedCO2emissions.Withcontinuedeconomicdevelopment,urbanisationandpopulationgrowthacrosstheregion,theInternationalEnergyAgency’s(IEA)analysisshowsthatbothfinalenergyconsumptionandCO2emissionsinbuildingswillcontinuetogrowwithoutambitiouspolicyactions.Improvingtheenergyefficiencyofbuildingenvelopesandsystems,increasingrenewableenergyutilisation,phasingouttheuseoftraditionalbiomassandswitchingtocleancookingandelectricity,whileenhancingenergyaccessforvulnerablehouseholdsacrosstheregion,canresultinmorethana60%reductioninCO2emissionsfrombuildingsby2040inrelationto2020,andprovidemanyotherbenefitstohouseholds,societyandgovernments.TheRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANfocusesonthepolicytoolsavailableforASEANMemberStatestodriveenergyefficiencyimprovementsinthebuildingsectortohelpmeetgrowingneedsforresidentialandnon-residentialfloorspaceandenergyservices,whilelimitingthegrowthinenergydemandandrelatedemissions.Itidentifieskeyenergy-efficientandlow-carbonactionsandactivitiesthatgovernmentscouldconsiderforimplementationby2025,2030andbeyond,movingtowardsnetzero-carbonbuildings.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAcknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsPAGE5IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Acknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsTheRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANispartofacollaborativeprojectbetweentheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)andtheASEANMemberStates(AMS)throughtheEnergyEfficiencyandEnergyConservationSub-SectorNetwork(EE&C-SSN),theASEANSecretariat(ASEC)andtheASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE).ThereportbuildsontheworkoftheGlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction(GlobalABC),InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)andUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme’s(UNEP)RegionalRoadmapforBuildingsandConstructioninAsia(2020)andwaspreparedbytheEnergyEfficiencyDivision(EEFD)oftheDirectorateofEnergyMarketsandSecurityoftheIEAwithsupportfromtheEnergyandMineralsDivisionofASECandRenewableEnergyandEnergyEfficiencyandConservationDepartmentofACE.TheworkwasmadepossiblethankstoadedicatedcontributionfromtheAustralianGovernmentthroughtheASEAN-AustraliaDevelopmentCooperationProgramPhaseII(AADCPII).ThedevelopmentoftheRoadmapwasledbyMaxineJordan,EmilyMcQualterandKseniaPetrichenkofromtheIEA,andIanHamiltonfromtheUniversityCollegeLondonEnergyInstitute.OtherIEAcolleaguesprovidedimportantcontributionsincluding(inalphabeticalorder):HeymiBahar,StephanieBouckaert,FrancoisBriens,ClaraCamarasa,ChiaraDelmastro,TimothyGoodson,PaulineHenriot,ToruMuta,MichaelOppermannandAleksandraPaciorek.MelanieSlade,HeadoftheEnergyEfficiencyinEmergingEconomiesProgrammeandBrianMotherway,HeadoftheIEAEnergyEfficiencyDivision,providedstrategicguidanceandadvice.WearethankfultootherseniormanagersincludingPaoloFrankl,HeadoftheRenewableEnergyDivisionandKeisukeSadamori,DirectoroftheAgency’sEnergyMarketsandSecurityDirectoratefortheirsupport.TheauthorswouldalsoliketothankCatherineFrancesCorpuzoftheAADCPII,MarieGaildeSagon,GeraldGraciusY.PascuaandMuhammadIndraWahyudinofASEC,PrasertSinsukprasertandPongpanVorasayanfromtheDepartmentofAlternativeEnergyDevelopmentandEfficiency(DEDE),Thailand,MinistryofEnergy,asthecountrycoordinatoroftheEE&C-SSN,andNukiAgyaUtama,theExecutiveDirector,andChristopherG.ZamoratheSeniorManagerofACEfortheirguidance,inputsandadvice.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAcknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsPAGE6IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ThereportwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthetechnicalandstrategicsupportofACE,namely(inalphabeticalorder):KevinHor,NellaNabila,RioJonPiterSilitonga,KiandaSyahindra,BintangWidhana,ZulfikarYunaid,withcoordinationsupportfromSeptiaBuntaraSupendi.TheauthorswouldliketothanktheprojectfocalpointsfromeachASEANMemberStatewhosupportedthisreportwiththeirimportantcontributions,input,commentsandreview:MuhammadRifdibinHjSahari(BruneiDarussalam,MinistryofEnergy,);GnanBoraandKimTepsopheanith(Cambodia,MinistryofMinesandEnergy);AnggraeniRatriNurwini,FennyRahayuPrasetyaningsih,andPutriAnggraeniAsepRosanti(Indonesia,MinistryofEnergyandMineralResources);KhammanhSopraseurthandPhonesavanhSiphaseuth(LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic,MinistryofEnergyandMines);MohamedNadhirZainalAbidin(Malaysia,EnergyCommission);SteveAnthonyLojuntin(Malaysia,SustainableEnergyDevelopmentAuthority);NaingNaingLinnandAyeKayKhaingSoe(Myanmar,MinistryofIndustry);ArtemioP.Habitan,DanielCollinG.JornalesandChristianHarrisT.Hernaez(Philippines,DepartmentofEnergy);NgPeiChen(Singapore,NationalEnvironmentAgency);ChalermlukJitrumpuengandSuthaneeWachasit(Thailand,MinistryofEnergy).Theauthorswouldalsoliketothankthefollowingindividualsfortheirimportantinputs,commentsandreview:RanaYusuf(Indonesia,GreenBuildingCouncil);JeswynnYogaratnam(GlobalBuildingsPerformanceNetwork);JoyEstherGaiJiazi(WorldGreenBuildingsCouncil);BrendanColeman(OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment[OECD]),AndreasGruner(DeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbH);AlvinJoseandBrianDean(SustainableEnergyforAll);YannickMillet(UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme);NguyenAnhTuan(FacultyofArchitecture,UniversityofDanang–UniversityofScienceandTechnology);TranThiThuPhuong(Vietnam,EnergyEfficiencyNetwork);TranThanhVu(Edeecengineering);andJonathanDuwyn(UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme]).TheauthorswouldalsoliketothankthespeakersofthevariousASEAN-IEAwebinarsandworkshopfortheirinsightfuldiscussionsandkeyrecommendations:PradeepTharakan(AsiaDevelopmentBank);ChristopherC.Seeley(ClimateChangeSolutions);SokhaiNop(CambodiaMinistryofEnvironment);LyThiPhuongTrang(Vietnam,VISRAE/Daikin);VeraRevinaSari(DKIJakarta,DepartmentofSpatialPlanningandEnvironment);VuThiKimThoa(GIZ);KateWilson(Australia,GovernmentofNewSouthWales);MatthieuCaille(GreenBuildingSAS/GreenBuildingsPerformanceNetwork);MohammadSultonSahara(Indonesia,MinistryofPublicWorksandPublicHousing);ZulkifliZahari(Malaysia,AssociationofEnergyServicesCompanies);BrianDean(SustainableEnergyforAll);MariaAtkinsonAM(PowerLedger)BernadiaIrawatiTjandradewiRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAcknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsPAGE7IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.(UnitedCitiesandLocalGovernmentsAsia-Pacific);MichaelWaibel(UniversityofHamburg);DirkSchwede(UniversityofStuttgart)andXiaodongWang(WorldBank).TheauthorswouldalsoliketothankthepeoplewhocontributedtothedocumentbyprovidinglocalinsightsanddatabyansweringtheASEANRoadmapSurvey.Finally,theauthorswouldalsoliketothankthosewhoparticipatedintheSingapore-IEARegionalTrainingProgrammeonLowCarbonBuildings(heldJuly2021).ThanksalsototheIEACommunicationsandDigitalOfficefortheirhelpinproducingthepublication,especiallytoJadMouawad,HeadoftheCommunicationsandDigitalOffice,AstridDumond,ThereseWalsh,IsabelleNonain-SemelinandAllisonLeacu,fortheirassistance.WethankLushomoCommunicationsLtdfortheirsupportwithgraphicsandvisuals,andElspethThomsonforeditingthemanuscript.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTableofcontentsPAGE9IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TableofcontentsExecutivesummary..............................................................................................................11EnergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyarekeyinthetransitionoftheASEANbuildingssector..................................................................................................................................12Policydevelopmentandinvestmentwilldriveprogresstowardsnetzero-carbon...............13Transitiontowardsnetzero-carbonbuildingsoffersmultiplebenefits.................................14TheRoadmappavesthewaytowardsnetzero-carbonbuildings.......................................14KeyrecommendationsoftheRoadmap..............................................................................16TheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopment.......................................................19AboutthisRoadmap............................................................................................................20Theroadtonetzero-carbonbuildings.................................................................................21Energyandemissionstrendsshowneedforaction............................................................24Efficientandlow-carbonenergyuseinbuildingsiskey......................................................27Needforthermalcomfortandincreasingtemperaturesaredrivingelectricitydemand.......29Thegreenbuildingmarketneedsinvestmentsatscale.......................................................31Policiesandinitiativesvaryacrosstheregion.....................................................................31TheRoadmap’simplementationwillresultinmultiplebenefits...........................................34References..........................................................................................................................36ASEANRoadmap’sactionareas.........................................................................................39ActionArea1:Urbanplanning.............................................................................................43ActionArea2:Newbuildings..............................................................................................58ActionArea3:Existingbuildings.........................................................................................78ActionArea4:Materials......................................................................................................93ActionArea5:Systemsandoperations............................................................................111ActionArea6:Sustainableenergy....................................................................................130ActionArea7:Resilience..................................................................................................143Conclusionsandthewayforward.....................................................................................155Annex...................................................................................................................................165References........................................................................................................................165Abbreviationsandacronyms.............................................................................................170Unitsofmeasure...............................................................................................................172RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANExecutivesummaryPAGE11IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ExecutivesummaryBuildingsrepresentaround37%ofglobalenergyuseandenergy-relatedCO2emissionsfortheiroperationandwhentheproductionofmaterialsusedfortheirconstructionaretakenintoaccount.TomeettheParisAgreement’sgoalofkeepingglobaltemperatureincreasetowellbelow2°C,theglobaleconomyshouldaimtoachievenetzeroCO2emissionsby2050.The2021IEAreport,NetZeroby2050:ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector(hereafter,NetZeroby2050),illustrates“acost-effectiveandeconomicallyproductivepathway,resultinginaclean,dynamicandresilientenergyeconomydominatedbyrenewableslikesolarandwindinsteadoffossilfuels”.Thispathwayoutlinesatransitiontoanetzeroenergysystemby2050whileensuringstableandaffordableenergysupplies,providinguniversalenergyaccessandenablingrobusteconomicgrowthacrossdifferentsectors.Thebuildingssectorplaysakeyroleindecarbonisingtheglobaleconomy.TheNetZeroby2050reportestimatesthepotentialtoreduce97%ofthissector’sdirectCO2emissionsby2050,despitethesector’sactivitymorethandoublingthroughgrowingfloorarea,expandingaccesstoenergyservicesandincreasinglivingstandards.Thisbecomespossiblethroughthetransitiontozero-carbon-readybuildings–highlyenergy-efficientbuildingsthateitheruserenewableenergydirectly,orrelyonasourceofenergysupplythatcanbefullydecarbonised,suchaselectricityordistrictenergy.Energyefficiencyimprovementsandelectrificationcandrivea70%reductioninbuildings-relatedemissionsthroughto2050,withtheremainingreductioncomingfrombehaviourchangeandon-siterenewables.ThepurposeofthisRoadmapistoidentifypossibleenergy-efficientandlow-carbonactionsandactivitiesthatASEANMemberStates(AMS)couldconsiderforimplementationby2025,2030andbeyond,movingtowardsnetzero-carbonemissionbuildings.Theseactionsarebasedonareviewofthecurrentbuildingssectorattheregionallevelacrossthesevenactionareassetoutbelow.WhiletheRoadmapfollowsthevisonoftransitioningtowardsnetzero-carbonbuildings(inlinewiththeNetZeroby2050report),italsoacknowledgesthatdifferentmemberstateshavevaryingnationalcircumstances,targetsandprioritiesinrelationtoenergy-efficientandlow-carbonbuildings,andeachwillbeconfiguringitsownuniquepathandpacefortheimprovementsinthebuildingssector.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANExecutivesummaryPAGE12IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.InthisRoadmap,netzero-carbonbuildingsareunderstoodashighlyenergy-efficientbuildings,inwhichCO2emissionsfromalloperationalenergyconsumedoverthecourseofayeararebalancedouttoreachzerothroughrenewableand/orotherzero-emissionenergysupply.1TheRoadmapalsooutlinespossibleactionsthatcanreduceemissionsassociatedwithbuildingmaterialsthatcouldbeconsideredforthetransitiontowardswholelifecycle,netzero-carbonbuildings.TheRoadmappresentsawiderangeofpolicyoptionsthatgovernmentscouldchoosefromwhiletakingintoaccounttheiruniquecontext.ThisRoadmapshouldbeconsideredalongsidetheRoadmaptowardsSustainableandEnergy-EfficientSpaceCoolinginASEAN,whichhasbeendevelopedinparallel.Thiswillensurethatspacecooling,asoneofthefastestgrowingelectricity-consumingendusesintheregion,isapproachedholistically,includingtherolesofenergy-efficientbuildingfabric,passivedesignandurbanplanningandtheirimpactsonsustainablecooling.EnergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyarekeyinthetransitionoftheASEANbuildingssectorIn2020,energyconsumptioninbuildingsaccountedfor23%oftotalfinalenergyconsumptioninASEAN,and23%oftotalprocessandenergy-relatedCO2emissions,or0.4gigatonnesofCO2(GtCO2).The6thASEANEnergyOutlook(AEO6)isoneoftheflagshippublicationsoftheASEANMemberStatespreparedbytheASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE)toanalysekeyaspectsofenergytrends,policies,socio-economicdevelopmentandenvironmentalissuesrelatedtoenergyintheregionupto2040.AEO6showsthatiftheratesofenergyefficiencyimprovementandrenewableenergyutilisationaremaintainedalonghistoricalpatterns,2ASEAN’sbuildingenergyconsumptionisexpectedtogrowbyaround60%by2030andby120%by2040,whileenergyefficiencymeasurescouldhelptomitigatethisgrowthbyatleast20%.TheIEA’s2019SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlookreportestimatesthatundercurrentpolicydevelopmentsASEAN’selectricitydemandforspacecoolingcouldquadruplebetween2017and2040,accompaniedbyrapidlyincreasingownership1InthisRoadmapzero-emissionenergyincludesenergyfromrenewables,hydrogenandnuclearsources.2ThiscorrespondstotheBaselineScenario,underwhichASEANMemberStates’energysystemscontinuetodevelopalonghistoricaltrends,withlittleefforttomeettheirnationalorregionaltargetsonenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergy.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANExecutivesummaryPAGE13IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ofairconditionersfromlessthan20%topotentiallymorethan60%in2040.3ThisislikelytocauseconsiderablestrainonpowersystemsandincreaseinGHGemissionsifimprovementsinbuildings’energyefficiencyandpowersectordecarbonisationarenotimplemented.TheASEANPlanofActionforEnergyCooperation(APAEC)PhaseII:2021-2025(APAECPhaseII)setsoutagoalfortheAMStoachieveanenergyintensityreductiontargetof32%by2025basedonthe2005level.IntheAPAECPhaseII,buildingsareconsideredakeysectortosupportthetransition,alongsidethegoaltoachievetherenewableenergyshareof23%intotalprimaryenergysupply(TPES)andrenewableenergyshareof35%inpowergenerationby2025.Buildingscancontributethroughon-siterenewableenergygeneration.TomeetthegoalsofAPAECPhaseII,ASEAN’sbuildingswillneedtobecomehighlyenergy-efficientanduseprimarilyzero-carbonenergysources.Policydevelopmentandinvestmentwilldriveprogresstowardsnetzero-carbonInvestinginenergy-efficientandlow-carbonbuildingsisacost-effectivewaytoreduceemissionsandtheuseoffossilfuels,improveairqualityandprovidemanyotherbenefitstohouseholds,societyandgovernments.However,asignificantscale-upininvestmentandchangesinregulationswillhelptounlockthesepotentialbenefitsinASEAN.TheInternationalFinanceCorporation’s(IFC)2019reportonGreenBuildingsoutlineshowinvestmentopportunitiesingreenbuildingsareestimatedatUSD17.8trillioninEastAsiaandthePacificandSouthAsia,representingover70%oftheglobaltotal.Yet,theinvestmentpotentialremainslargelyuntapped.Thestatusofnetzeroandlow-carbonbuildingsandtherelatedbuildingenergyperformancepoliciesandprioritiesvarygreatlyacrosstheregion,thoughmostAMShavehigh-levelstrategiesandtargetsinplaceforbuildings’energyefficiency.AnumberofAMShavemadeprogressindevelopingbuildingenergycodesand/orbuildingstandards,however,theyarenotalwaysmandatoryandoftencoveronlypartofthebuildingssector,forexamplelargenon-residentialbuildings.Thispartialcoveragesubstantiallylimitstheirimpactontheoverallimprovementofthebuildingssector’senergyperformance.Giventhatbuildingenergycodestypically3TheseresultsarefortheStatedPoliciesScenariothatassesseswheretoday’spolicyframeworksandambitions,pluscontinuedevolutionofknowntechnologies,mighttakeSoutheastAsia’senergysectorintheperiodto2040.Thisscenarioonlytakesintoaccountpoliciesthathavebeenannounced(“stated”)anddoesnottakeapositiononhowthesepoliciesmightevolveinfuture(IEA2019a).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANExecutivesummaryPAGE14IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.focusonnewbuildings,theenergyperformanceofexistingbuildingsorofthoseundergoingmajorrenovationisoftennotcoveredbyenergyefficiencyregulation.WithintheASEANregion,thereareongoingeffortstowardsregionalharmonisationofMinimumEnergyPerformanceStandards(MEPS)forappliancesandequipment,whichcouldfurtherenableenergyefficiencyimprovementsinthebuildingssector.Inaddition,theSustainableASEANEnergyManagementTrainingandCertificationSchemeprovidescertificationforenergymanagersandtheEnergyManagementGoldStandard–forenergy-intensiveorganisation(buildingandindustry).Transitiontowardsnetzero-carbonbuildingsoffersmultiplebenefitsTransitioningtoanetzero-carbonbuildingssectorinASEANoffersmultiplebenefitsbeyondenergysavingsandemissionsreductions.Byconsideringmultiplebenefits,policymakerscantapintoseveralpolicyareasthatcansupportvarioussocietalgoals.Forexample,energyefficiencyimprovementsandrenewableenergyutilisationinbuildingsresultinlowerairpollutionandcorrespondinghealthimprovements.Efficientbuildingenvelopes,systemsandapplianceslowerenergybillsforhouseholdsandbusinesses,whileprovidingrequiredthermalcomfortandindoorairquality.Improvedbuildingfabriccanfurtherreduceheatexposureforbuildingoccupantsresultinginbetterhealthandincreasedproductivity.Energyefficiencyalsooffersjobcreationpotentialinhigh-performancebuildingconstructionandbuildingoperationmanagement,aswellasimprovementsinenergysystemsecurityandresilience.TheRoadmappavesthewaytowardsnetzero-carbonbuildingsThisRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANidentifiestimelines,milestones,actionsandactivitiesacrossseven‘actionareas’.Eachoftheseareasprovidesastructurethatincludesavision,aswellasoptionsforactionsandactivitiestosupportthetransitiontonetzero-carbonbuildingsandconstruction.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANExecutivesummaryPAGE15IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.RoadmapvisionandactionsforeachactionareaIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.EachactionareaoftheRoadmapcanbereadeitherinisolationorinconjunctionwithotherpartsofthedocument,dependingonthenationalprioritiesandresourcesavailableforimplementation.WhileworkingwiththisRoadmapitisimportanttokeepinmindseveraloverarchingprinciples:Adaptability–thisRoadmapisintendedasguidance,notasprescription.TheAMS,withtheirin-depthknowledgeofthespecificlocalcontext,haveanopportunitytoconfigureaneffectiveimplementationplanbasedontheRoadmap.Holisticapproach–thebuildingssectoriscomplexandfragmented.ThisRoadmapsuggestsmaintaininganintegratedviewofthesector.Strategicplanning–actionsoutlinedintheRoadmaparelikelytohaveahigherimpactiftheyareintegratedintoexistingpolicyprocessesandstrategicplans,orintonewlydevelopedones.Multi-stakeholdercollaboration–effectivecommunicationchannelsandcoordinationmechanismsbetweennational,subnationalandlocalgovernments,aswellastheinvolvementofvariousstakeholdergroups,areimportantforeffectiveimplementationofthisRoadmap.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANExecutivesummaryPAGE16IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ThefollowingstepscouldsupporttheAMStoidentifycontext-specificoptionsforactionstoachievehigherlevelsofenergyandcarbonperformanceofbuildingsintheirnationalcontext:assessingthecontext,existingpolicyenvironment,socio-economicandotherfactorsrelevanttothebuildingssectordefininginstitutionalconfigurationwiththeappointmentofaresponsiblegovernmentalentitytoleadtheimplementationprocessandotherinstitutionsthatcouldbeinvolvedintheprocessestablishingastakeholderengagementprocessinordertoidentifypriorityactionsforthebuildingssector,takingintoaccountdiverseinterestsofvariousstakeholdergroupsdevelopinganimplementationplanthatsetsoutactions,activities,responsibilitiesandtimelines,takingintoaccountlevelofeffort,expectedimpactsandrequiredresourcesestablishinganindicatoranddatacollectionframeworkformonitoringandprogresstracking.KeyrecommendationsoftheRoadmapThissectionoutlineskeyrecommendationsacrosssevenactionareasthatconstituteapossiblepolicypackagetosupporttransitiontowardsmoreenergyefficientandlow-carbonbuildings.Aneffectivepolicypackagecoversallsevenactionareasdescribedaboveandincludesacombinationofregulations,incentivesandinformationpolicyinstruments.4AnextensivelistofpotentialpolicyinstrumentsavailabletotheAMStosupportprogressonenergy-efficientandlow-carbonbuildingsisoutlinedinthisRoadmap.Acombinationofpolicyactionsisneededtoconstituteapolicypackagefornetzero-carbonbuildingsintheAMS.Thisprocesscouldbeginbysettingambitious,yetachievable,overarchingtargetsforimprovingenergyefficiency,decarbonisingthebuildingssectorandcommunicatingthemtokeystakeholdergroups.Regulatorypolicyinstrumentsarecriticalelementswhendevelopingapolicypackage.Buildingenergycodesareamongthe“mostwidelyrecognised,scalable”(UNEP,2018)andeffectivepolicyinstrumentsforbuildings(Boza-Kiss,Moles-GruesoandUrge-Vorsatz,2013).Theyareimplementedinover80countries.Mandatory4Formoreguidelinesondevelopingeffectivepolicypackagesforlow-carbonbuildings,seetheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP’s)HandbookofSustainableBuildingPolicies,2013.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANExecutivesummaryPAGE17IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.MEPSandlabelsforkeyappliancesandequipmentusedinbuildingsareotherfundamentalpolicyinstrumentswithproveneffectiveness:implementedinover120countriesaroundtheworld,MEPSandlabels“havehelpedmorethanhalvetheenergyconsumptionofmajorappliancesincountrieswiththelongest-runningprogrammes”(IEA,2021d).Onceregulatorypoliciesareinplace,theireffectiveimplementationandenforcementcouldbesupportedbyinformationpolicyinstrumentsandincentivestoensurecomplianceandfurtherprogress.Buildingcertificationandlabellingwithratingsbasedonenergyandcarbonperformanceofbuildingscanprovideclearsignalsforconsumers,propertydevelopersandotherpractitionersintheconstructionindustry,toencouragemoreinformedandsustainablechoicesandpractices.Arangeoffinancialandnon-financialincentivescouldbelinkedtothecertificationschemestosupportthebuildingandconstructionindustrytoadapttotheregulationatearlystagesofadoption,andtohelpovercomemarketbarrierssuchasupfrontcostandaccesstocapital,aswellastodriveactionbeyondminimumstandards.Finally,capacitybuildingprogrammesarecrucialtoensuringthattherearesufficientskillsandknowledgeonvariousaspectsofnetzero-carbonbuildings,aswellaswellanadequatenumberoflocalqualifiedexpertsandpractitioners.TheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN),consistingofthe10AMS,hasagreatvarietyofnationalcircumstancesinpolitical,economic,environmentalandsocialspheres.ThisregionalRoadmapacknowledgesthateveryAMShasitsuniquecontextinthebuildingssectorandbeyond.WhiletheRoadmapoffersacomprehensive“menu”ofactions,eachgovernmentcandevelopasuiteofactionsandpossibleapproachessuitabletoitscountrycontextandsufficientlyambitioustofollowthepathwaytowardsanetzero-carbonbuildingssector.Moreover,themilestonesoutlinedintheRoadmapforpolicyprogressatdifferentpointsinthefutureareintendedasindicative,anddonotsuggestaspecificcommitmentforeveryAMS.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANExecutivesummaryPAGE18IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Summarypolicypackagetowardsnetzero-carbonbuildingsinASEANPolicymeasureDescriptionRegulationBuildingEnergyCodesandBuildingStandardsMinimumenergyandthermalperformancerequirements,renewableenergysystemsinstallationorutilisation,maximumallowedamountofembodiedcarbonemissions,structuralandthermalresilience,coveringallbuildingtypes,newandexistingbuildings.ProductstandardsMandatoryminimumenergyperformancestandards(MEPS)foralltypesofappliancesandbuildingsystemsthatareprogressivelyandregularlyupdated.ProcurementregulationMandatoryrequirementsforpublicprocurementtouselow-carbonmaterialsandhighlyefficientequipmentandappliances;uselife-cycleapproachtoassessembodiedcarbonemissionsinbuildings’materials.RegulationonmaterialsMandatoryprotocolsforbuildings’deconstruction,plansandsystemsforcollectionandreuse/recyclingofconstructionanddemolitionwaste.FrameworkregulationsElectricityregulationthatsupportsdecentralisedproduction,sellingtothegrid,peer-to-peertradingofrenewableelectricity;phaseoutoffossilfuelsubsidies;mandatoryrequirementsforintegrationofrenewablesintourbanplanning.InformationCertificationCertificationofenergyandcarbonperformancefornewandexistingbuildingswithrequirementsformaterialsefficiency,useoflow-embodied-carbonmaterials.LabellingMandatoryratinglabelsfornewandexistingbuildingsbasedonenergyandcarbonperformance(includingmaterialsandsystems);harmonisedtesting.DisclosureandbenchmarkingMandatorydisclosureandbenchmarkingschemesforenergyandcarbonperformancefornewconstructionandlargerenovationprojects.TrainingprogrammesIntegratedpolicyportfoliostowardsnetzero-carbonsolutionsfornetzero-carbonbuildings;Life-cycleanalysisofembodiedcarbonemissionsandwaystoreducethem;useoflow-carbonmaterials;benefitsofandsolutionsforenergy-efficienthomeimprovements.EducationprogrammesAccreditationsystemsforprofessionalsonlow-carbonconstruction,renovation,buildingenergymanagement;relatedcurricularforalllevelsofeducation.AwarenessraisingAwarenessraisingprogrammesforconsumersonmultiplebenefitsofefficientandlow-carbonbuildings,energy-efficientrenovationpoliciesandincentives.DigitaltoolsanddataIntegrateddesigntoolstoassessenergyperformanceandembodiedcarbonforbuildingconstructionorrenovation,buildingenergymanagementsystems.IncentivesFinancialincentivesGrants,preferentialloans,taxrebates,tiedtoenergyandcarbonperformancelevelsofneworrenovatedbuildings,buildingmaterials,systemsandappliances.Non-financialincentivesExpediteddevelopmentreviewandapprovals,feereductions,densitybonusesanddevelopmentallowancesforenergy-efficientlow-carbonbuildings.TariffpoliciesReflectiveenergypricingandpreferentialtariffsforrenewableenergy,especiallythatproducedthroughdistributedenergysources.Note:Highlightedareasinthetablecouldbeconsideredaspotentialstartingpointsforestablishingapolicypackagesforbuildings.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE19IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentOveritslifetime,abuilding’sCO2emissionsfootprintconsistsoftheembodiedCO2emittedfromthemanufacturingandprocessingofbuildingmaterialsandconstruction,aswellastheoperationalCO2emissionsfromtheenergyusedduringitsoperation,andfinallyalsoCO2emissionsfromitsdecommissioninganddemolition.CO2emissionsfromenergy-relatedbuildingsoperationsandconstructionmaterialproductionaccountforaround37%ofglobalenergy-relatedemissions(IEA,2021a).TomeettheParisAgreement’sgoalofkeepingtheglobaltemperatureincreasetowellbelow2°C,theglobaleconomyshouldaimtoachievenetzeroCO2emissionsby2050.TheIEANetZeroby2050report(IEA,2021b)illustrates“acost-effectiveandeconomicallyproductivepathway,resultinginaclean,dynamicandresilientenergyeconomydominatedbyrenewableslikesolarandwindinsteadoffossilfuels”.Thispathway,reflectedintheNetZeroEmissionsby2050Scenario,outlinesatransitiontoanetzeroenergysystemby2050whileensuringstableandaffordableenergysupplies,providinguniversalenergyaccessandenablingrobusteconomicgrowthacrossdifferentTheNetZeroby2050reportshowsthatalthoughbuildingactivitymorethandoublesby2050withnewfloorareabeingadded,energyaccessexpandingandlivingstandardsincreasing,emissionsfallasaresultofreducingenergydemandthroughenergyefficiencyimprovements,behaviouralchangeandelectrification.Thenetzeroemissionsscenariosuggeststhat,byundertakingtheseefforts,itcouldbepossibletonearlyeliminateCO2emissionsfromthebuildingssectoroperationsby2050.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE20IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.GlobaldirectCO2emissionsreductionsthroughmitigationmeasuresinthebuildingssectorinthenetzeroenergyscenarioIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Notes:Activity=changeinenergyservicedemandrelatedtoincreasingpopulation,increasedfloorareaandincomepercapita.Behaviour=changeinenergyservicedemandfromuserdecisions,e.g.changingindoortemperaturesettings.Avoideddemand=changeinenergyservicedemandfromtechnologydevelopments,e.g.digitalisation.Source:IEA(2021b),NetZeroby2050.ThealignmentofthebuildingandconstructionsectorwiththeParisAgreementgoalsofdecarbonising,improvingaccessanduseofsustainableenergy5requiresacombinationofmeasures,suchas:sustainableplanning,improvementsinbuildingenergyperformanceincludingefficientdesign,highlyefficientsystemsandtheiroperations,increasingefficiencyofmaterialproductionandtheiruse,andimprovingaccesstosustainableenergyatboththebuildingandgridlevels.ThisRoadmapaimstosupporttheobjectivesoftheASEANPlanofActionforEnergyCooperation(APAEC)PhaseII:2021-2025,whicharetocarryoutmarkettransformationinitiativesinfavourofenergy-efficienttechnologiesinthebuildings,transportandindustrysectorstoachievethe32%energyintensityreductiontargetby2025basedon2005levels(ACE,2020).InAPAECPhaseII,buildingsareconsideredakeysectortosupportthetransition,alongsidearenewableenergyshareof23%intotalprimaryenergysupply(TPES)andrenewableenergyshareof35%inpowergenerationby2025(ACE,2020),towhichbuildingscancontributethroughon-siterenewableenergygeneration.AboutthisRoadmapInlate2020,theAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)commissionedtheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)todelivertheRoadmapsTowardsSustainableandEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandCoolinginASEANproject.The5InthisRoadmapweunderstand‘sustainableenergy’inthecontextofSustainableDevelopmentGoal7(SDG7)thatcoversaspectsofenergyaccess,energyefficiencyandrenewableenergy.01234ActivityMeasuresActivityMeasures202020302050GtCO2ActivityBehaviourandavoideddemandEnergyefficiencyElectrificationHydrogen-basedBioenergyOtherrenewablesOtherfuelshiftsMitigationmeasuresRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE21IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.projectisfundedbytheASEAN-AustraliaDevelopmentCooperationProgramPhaseII(AADCPII)andsupportedbytheASEANSecretariat(ASEC),EnergyEfficiencySub-SectorandConservationNetwork(EE&C-SSN)andtheASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE).ThisprojectformspartoftheASEANPlanofActionforEnergyCooperation(APAEC)PhaseII2021-2025.ItwilldeliverActionPlan3.1todevelopanddisseminatetheSustainableandEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandCoolingRoadmapsforASEANunderOutcome-basedStrategiesforEnergyEfficiencyandConservation2021-2025,whilesupportingtheoverallobjectiveoftheAPAECtoreduceenergyintensityby32%in2025comparedto2005levels.TheprojectaimstohelpaddressincreasingenergydemandandemissionsinASEANandimprovecollaborationbetweenstakeholdersintheregion,bydevelopinganddeliveringthefollowing:thepresentpublicationentitledRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANaparallelpublicationentitledRoadmapTowardsSustainableandEnergy-EfficientSpaceCoolinginASEANcapacitybuildingwebinarseriesoncoolingandbuildingsseriesofstakeholderconsultationworkshops.Theproject’soutputsareintendedtosupportpolicymakersindeveloping,adopting,andenforcingenergyefficiencypoliciesandprogrammes.Thisprojectalsoprovidesmilestonesfortheshort-term(2025),mid-term(2030)andlong-term(netzero-carbon).ThesemilestonesandtimelinesarenotintendedtorepresenttheviewsoftheAMS,buttoprovidefuturemilestonestowardsanenergy-efficient,low-carbonandeventuallynetzero-carbonbuildingssectorintheregion.Thereareanumberofdesignandtechnologicaloptionsavailabletokeepbuildingscool,including:buildingdesign,orientation,choiceofbuildingfabric,shadingandnaturalventilation.Treesandgreenspacesinurbanenvironmentscanalsoprovideshadetobuildingswhilereducingtheurbanheatislandeffect.Whilethesefeaturesareimportantcomponentsofsustainablespacecooling,thisRoadmapprimarilyfocusesonequipmentwithinthebuildings,namelyairconditioningandfans.However,theRoadmapTowardsSustainableandEnergy-EfficientSpaceCoolinginASEANdevelopedalongsidethisreportaddressesawiderrangeofconsiderationsthatinfluencesustainablecooling.Theroadtonetzero-carbonbuildingsThejourneytowardsthenetzero-carbonbuildingandconstructionsectorconsistsofmultiplesteps.Fromanoperationsperspective,thefirstobjectiveistoensureRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE22IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.thatbuildingsareconstructedandrefurbishedtoahighdegreeofenergyefficiencyandaresuppliedbylow-carbonenergy(low-carbon).Addingrenewableenergy(orotherzero-emissionenergysupply)toahighlyefficientbuildingoffersanabilitytoreduce(nearly-zero-carbon),neutraliseoveradefinedperiodoftime(netzero-carbon),oreliminatecompletelytheoperationalcarbonemissions(zero-carbon).Itisalsopossibletoconstructbuildingsthatgeneratemorerenewableenergythantheyconsumesendingthesurplusenergybackintoagrid(carbon-negative).Eachstageisdependentontheavailability–andsupply–ofrenewableordecarbonisedenergytothebuilding.Toshiftbuildingsandtheirconstructiontowardsfulldecarbonisation,itisnecessarytoapproach“carbonemissions”6fromtheperspectiveofthewholelifecycleofabuilding.Achievingthismayrequireasystemicshiftinproductionofmaterials,andlikelytheneedtorelyoncarbonoffsetsforsomematerialssuchasconcreteandotherCO2emittingmaterials.Differentlevelsofzero-carbonbuildingsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TheNetZeroby2050reportintroducesaconceptofazero-carbon-readybuilding,whichisabuildingthatis“highlyenergy-efficientandeitherusesrenewableenergydirectly,orfromanenergysupplysourcethatcanbepotentiallyfully6ForthepurposeofthisRoadmap,buildingCO2emissionsarereferredtoas“carbonemissions”.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE23IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.decarbonisedsuchaselectricityordistrictenergy”,alongsidedecarbonisedmaterials.Thismeansthatazero-carbon‐readybuildingcanbecomeazero-carbonemissionsbuildingwithoutanyfurtherchangestothebuildingenveloporitsequipmentbecauseithasalreadyachievedhighenergyperformance(IEA,2021b).ThegoalofthisRoadmapistosupportthevisiontotransitiontowardswholelifecycle,zero-carbonbuildings.However,recognisingthatdifferentAMSwillbeatdifferentstagesofaddressingbuildingandconstructionsectoremissions,andhavedifferentlevelsofresourcesandcapacityforimplementation,thisRoadmapfocusesonactionsthatsupportmovingtowardsnetzero-carbonbuildings,withthezero-carbonbuildingsbeingthenextstep.Italsosetsoutactionsthatreducetheemissionsassociatedwithbuildingmaterialsandthatcansupportachievingtheultimategoalofwholelifecycle,netzero-carbon(forsimplicity,wewillrefertothisoverallambitionas“netzero-carbon”throughoutthisRoadmap).Definingnetzero-carbonThereareanumberoftermsthatdescribetheCO2emissionsofbuildingsandconstructionandtheycanbeappliedtodifferentscopesandsiteboundaries;however,thisRoadmaputilisesthefollowingdefinitions,basedonthosedescribedintheNetZeroby2050report(IEA,2021b)andtheZeroEnergyBuildingDefinitionsandPolicyActivity–anInternationalReview(OECD/IPEEC,2018).Theseare:Energy-efficient:abuildingwithahighdegreeofenergyefficiencyinitsfabricandbuildingservicesthatconsumeenergy,e.g.heating,cooling,cooking,lighting,ventilation,hotwaterandappliancesLow-carbon:abuildingthatisenergy-efficient(low-energy)andissuppliedbylow-carbonenergy.Somebuildingservicesequipmentmaynotbecapableofdecarbonisingwithoutbeingreplaced(e.g.fossilgasboilers)Nearlyzero-carbon:abuildingthatisenergy-efficientandmayhavesomeavailablezero-emissionenergysupply(onsiteoroffsite),butthatdoesnotoffset100%ofthebuilding’senergydemandNetzero-carbon:abuildingthatisenergy-efficientandreliesonzero-emissionenergysourcesthatmeettheenergydemandoverthecourseofayear(oranotherestablishedtimeline,e.g.amonth)Zero-carbon:abuildingthatisenergy-efficientandhasitsenergydemandcompletelymetthroughzero-emissionenergygeneratedeitheronsiteoroffsiteCarbon-negative:anenergy-efficientbuildingthatgeneratesrenewableenergyonsitethatnotonlyfullycoversthebuilding’sownenergydemand,butalsoproducesexcessrenewableenergywhichisfedbackintoagridandcanbeusedforotheroffsitepurposesRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE24IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Wholelifecycle,netzero-carbon:zero-carbonbuildings,inwhichembodiedcarbonemissionsfromthematerialsusedintheirconstructionaredecarbonisedand/oroffset,alongsidetheoperationalcarbonemissions,overthebuilding’slifetime.Thesedefinitionscanbeappliedtothebuildinglevelaswellastotheneighbourhood,districtorcitylevel,i.e.achievingnetzero-carbonandzero-carbonneighbourhoods,districtsorcities.EnergyandemissionstrendsshowneedforactionIn2020,buildingsaccountedfor23%oftotalfinalenergyconsumptioninASEAN(with17%and6%forresidentialandservicebuildings,respectively),andfor27%oftotalenergyandprocess-relateddirectandindirectCO2emissions,thatamountedto0.4GtCO2(IEA,2021c).Inaddition,productionofconstructionmaterialsaccountedforapproximately11%ofemissionsglobally(IEA,2020c),makingdecarbonisationofbuildingsandconstructionsectorscriticaltoachievingthegoalsoftheParisAgreement.Shareofbuildings'finalenergyandCO2emissionsinASEAN,in2018IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Notes:Inthisfigure,“buildings”energyuseandemissionsrefertotheoperationalenergyconsumption,anddonotincludetheconstructionphaseortheenergyandemissionsassociatedwiththemanufactureofmaterials.Directemissionsincludethosefromcoal,oilandnaturalgas.Indirectemissionsaretheemissionsfrompowergenerationforelectricity.Source:AdaptedfromIEA(2021c),WorldEnergyOutlook2021.Othersectors77%Residentialbuildings…Servicebuildings6%Othersectors73%Buildingsdirect4%Buildingsindirect23%Buildings'shareintotalfinalenergyconsumptionBuildings'shareofenergyandprocessrelatedRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE25IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ResidentialbuildingsaccountforthevastmajorityofthetotalfinalenergyconsumptionoftheASEANbuildingssector,whilebuildingsrelatedtoservices(i.e.non-residentialandnon-industrial)accountforslightlyoveraquarterofitat26%(IEA,2021c).ACEandtheDeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GermanSocietyforInternationalCooperation)(GIZ)’s6thASEANEnergyOutlook2017-2040(AEO6)baselinescenario,whichseesstronggrowthinfloorspaceandconsumerdemand,estimatesthatASEAN’seconomy-widetotalfinalenergyconsumption(TFEC)willgrowbytwo-thirdsby2030from2017,andby120%by2040.However,achievementoftheexistingnationalandregionaltargetsonenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergycouldlimitthisgrowthtolessthanone-thirdby2030,andtolessthan50%by2040(ACE&GIZ,2020).IEA’sanalysisshows(seefigurebelow)thatbothfinalenergyconsumptionandCO2emissionsinbuildingswillcontinuetogrowwithoutambitiouspolicyactions(undertheStatedPoliciesScenario).7Achievementoftheenergy-relatedtargetsoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)attheregionallevel(undertheSustainableDevelopmentScenario)8andadoptingappropriateenergyefficiencypoliciesandtechnologieswillallowforoffsettingmostofthegrowthinenergyconsumption,whileprovidingenergyaccessforall.Improvingtheenergyefficiencyofbuildingenvelopesandsystems,increasingrenewableenergyutilisationfromon-siteandoffsitesources,phasingouttheuseoftraditionalbiomassandswitchingtocleancookingandelectricity,whileenhancingtheenergyaccessofvulnerablehouseholdsacrosstheregion,canresultinmorethana60%reductioninCO2emissionsfrombuildingsby2040fromthe2020levels(IEA,2021c).Theanalysisalsoshowsthatachievingenergy-relatedSDGsisnotgoingtobesufficientfortransitioningtheregion’sbuildingssectortothenetzero-carbonlevelandthatmoreambitiousactionswillberequiredinordertoreachthisgoal.7TheStatedPoliciesScenarioassesseswheretoday’spolicyframeworksandambitions,pluscontinuedevolutionofknowntechnologies,mighttakeSoutheastAsia’senergysectorintheperiodto2040.Itonlytakesintoaccountpoliciesthathavebeenannounced(“stated”)anddoesnottakeapositiononhowthesepoliciesmightevolveinthefuture(IEA2019c).8TheSustainableDevelopmentScenariopresumestheachievementofthekeyenergy-relatedcomponentsoftheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals:deliveringontheParisAgreement,achievinguniversalaccesstomodernenergyby2030anddramaticallyreducingenergy-relatedairpollution.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE26IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.FinalenergyconsumptionandCO2emissionsoftheASEANbuildingssectorIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Totalemissionsarecomprisedofdirectandindirectemissions.Directemissionsincludethosefromcoal,oilandnaturalgas.Indirectemissionsaretheemissionsfrompowergenerationplants.Note:Inthisfigure,“buildings”energyuseandemissionsrefertotheoperationalenergyconsumption,anddonotincludetheconstructionphaseortheenergyandemissionsassociatedwiththemanufactureofmaterials.Source:AdaptedfromIEA(2021c),WorldEnergyOutlook2021.With9%oftheglobalpopulation,ASEANhasrelativelylowCO2emissionspercapita:at3.9tonnesofCO2percapita(tCO2/capita)comparedto12.1tCO2/capitainNorthAmericaand5.8tCO2/capitainEurope(IEA,2020a).Populationgrowth,urbanisationandchangesinlifestyle,enabledbyincreasingincomes,aredrivingtheincreaseindemandforenergy-consumingservicesandproducts,aswellasconstructionmaterialsrelatedCO2emissions.Thepopulationisexpectedtogrowbyover100millionby2040fromacurrentpopulationof620million(UN,2019),withgrowthconcentratedinIndonesia,thePhilippinesandVietNam.Therateofurbanisationisexpectedtocontinuetoincreasefrom50%in2018toapproximately60%by2040,addinganother120millionurbandwellers,andresultinginanestimatedincreaseinfloorareaby60%fromtoday(GlobalABC/IEA/UNEP,2019).Thisislikelytocontinuecreatingdemandformaterialssuchassteel,cement,glassandaluminium,particularlyastheneedformorefloorareaincitiesisoftenmetbymedium-andhigh-risebuildings,alargeshareofwhichissuppliedbyconstructionmaterialsthroughunregulatedmarkets.TheAMSarefacingincreasingpressureontheirurbanareasduetoexistingandchangingstructuresofinformalsettlements(e.g.slumsortemporaryencampments).Itisestimatedthatmorethan95millionpeopleintheregionliveinurbanslums(UNESCAPandUNEP,2021).Slumsandinformalsettlementsacrosstheregiontakevariousformsandarecharacterisedbydifferentlevelsofpoverty,configurationofthebuiltenvironmentandinfrastructure.However,010002000300040005000600070002019202020302040PJStatedPoliciesScenarioSustainableDevelopmentScenarioFinalenergyconsumptionintheASEANbuildingssector01002003004005006007002019202020302040MtCO⁰₂TotalCO₂emissionsfromASEANbuildingssectorRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE27IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.challengesinaccessingreliableandsustainableenergyservicesandimplementingbuildingstandardseffectivelyarecommonforurbanslumsinmanyASEANcities.Takingactionsonaddressingtheissueofslumsandenhancingtheirdwellers’accesstobasicservices,includingenergy,offeragreatopportunitytoproceedinanefficientandlow-carbonwayinordertooffsetsomeoftheexpectedincreaseintheregion’senergydemand.GDPisalsoexpectedtocontinuetorise,withSingaporeandBruneiDarussalamdemonstratingthehighestGDPpercapitagrowthratesinASEANby2040.SignificantgrowthisexpectedinMalaysia,ThailandandIndonesia,followedbyVietNamandthePhilippines,whileCambodia,LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic(PDR)andMyanmarareexpectedtoexperiencemoremodestincreases.Withitscurrentlyhighrelianceonfossilfuels,constitutingalmost80%ofelectricityproduction,agrowingenergydemandandasmallshareofmodernrenewablesontheregion’senergymix,theachievementofSDG7by2030remainsachallengingtaskforASEAN(UNESCAP,2021a).AccesstoelectricityhasbeensteadilygrowinginASEAN,havingreached96%oftheregion’spopulationin2019(upfrom79%in2000)(UNESCAP,2021b).Progressoncleancookingremainslimited,withonly68%oftheregion’spopulationin2019beingabletoaccesscleancookingfuelsandtechnologies.Increasingutilisationofmodernrenewableenergy(excludingtheuseoftraditionalbiomass)isanotherareawhichneedstobeaddressed,asin2019theregionalshareforitwasquitemodestat12%ofTFEC.Improvementintheregion’slevelsofenergyefficiency,asmeasuredthroughtheprimaryenergyintensity,hasbeenshowingsomeprogress.In2018,energyintensitywas3.7megajoules(MJ)perone2011USDpurchasingpriceparity(PPP)in2018,downfrom5.3in2000,whichislowerthantheglobalaverage(4.6MJper2011PPPUSDin2018).However,thecompoundrateofprimaryenergyintensity(aproxyindicatorusedfortrackingimprovementsinenergyefficiency)intheregionhasbeenfluctuatingsignificantlyduringthepastdecade,influencedbyvariousstructuralfactorsandtheeconomicsituationindifferentcountries(UNESCAP,2021c).Efficientandlow-carbonenergyuseinbuildingsiskeyCurrentfinalenergyconsumptioninbuildingsisprimarilyfromelectricity(generatedfrommostlyfossilfuels),traditionaluseofbiomassandoilproducts.Currentpolicyactions(undertheStatedPoliciesScenario)areexpectedtoresultinalmosthalvingtheamountoftraditionalbiomassusedinbuildingsby2040,RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE28IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.whichwillstillaccountfor14%ofTFECinASEAN’sbuildingsin2040(IEA,2021c).Further,policyactionspromotingutilisationoflow-carbonenergysources,efficientandcleantechnologiesinbuildings,especiallyforcookingandheating,couldhelptosubstantiallyreducethisshareandincreasetheuseofmodernrenewables.Electricityuseinbuildingsdemonstratesasignificantgrowthof108%by2040over2019.IncreasedutilisationofdistributedrenewableenergysourcesisapromisingsolutionforthebuildingssectortoreduceGHGemissionsassociatedwiththeincreasingelectricitydemand.FinalenergyconsumptionofASEANbuildingsbyfueltypeIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.“Bioenergyandwaste”excludestheuseoftraditionalbiomass.Source:AdaptedfromIEA(2021c),WorldEnergyOutlook2021.Energydemandisexpectedtogrowamongalltheendusesby2040(withtheexceptionofcookingandheatingduetodecreasinguseoftraditionalbiomass).Spacecoolingisamongthefastestgrowingenduses,asitsenergyconsumptionisexpectedtomorethantripleby2040,followedbyappliancesforwhichdoublingofenergyconsumptionisestimatedwithinthesameperiod.05001000150020002500300035004000450050005500600065002019202020302040PJElectricityCoalOilproductsNaturalgasBioenergyandwasteOtherrenewablesTraditionaluseofbiomassRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE29IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.FinalenergyconsumptionofASEANbuildingsbyenduseIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Useoftraditionalbiomassisincludedinthecookingandspaceheatingcategory.Source:AdaptedfromIEA(2021c),WorldEnergyOutlook2021,basedondataforStatedPoliciesScenario.CookingisthenextlargestenergyenduseinASEANbuildings.In2018,208millionpeopleintheregionlackedaccesstocleancooking(UNESCAP,2021d).TheoveralltrendistowardsreplacementoftraditionalbiomasswithLPGandelectricalcookersfortheprovisionofcleancooking.However,theuseoftraditionalbiomassisstillverycommon,especiallyinruralareas.In2018,around74%ofresidentialcookinginASEANusedtraditionalbiomasssources,withwoodasthemostcommonfuel,andwithoutsubstantialpolicyinterventionsthehighshareofbiomassisexpectedtostayrelativelysteadythrough2040(ACE&GIZ,2020).Increasingenergydemandacrossbuildings’endusesandtheexpectedcontinuedheavyrelianceonfossilfuelsandtraditionalbiomassemphasisetheimportance,notonlyofimprovementsintheenergyperformanceofbuildingenvelopestoreducetheoverallenergyneeds,butalsoofincreasedefficiencyofenergy-consumingsystemsanddecarbonisationofbuildings’energysupply.NeedforthermalcomfortandincreasingtemperaturesaredrivingelectricitydemandAsGDP,incomesandelectrificationgrow,sowillthedemandforcomfortcooling,drivingtheownershipofairconditioners,fans,dehumidifiersandothercoolingequipmentupwards.TheASEANregionisamongstthewarmestandmosthumidintheworld,withconsequentlyveryhighCoolingDegreeDays,whichcanserveasameasureforthepotentialneedforspacecooling.AccordingtotheIEA’sanalysis(undertheStatedPoliciesScenario),theownershipofairconditionersintheASEANregionisestimatedtoincreasefrom05001000150020002500300035004000450050005500600065002019202020302040PJCookingandspaceheatingWaterheatingLightingAppliancesSpacecoolingRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE30IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.lessthan20%in2017,topotentiallymorethan60%in2040.Thismaycauseconsiderablestrainonpowersystems,andincreaserelatedGHGemissions.Asaresult,theelectricitydemandforspacecoolingwouldgrowfrom88TWhin2019to314TWhby2040(IEA,2021c).DuetoASEAN’sseasonalprofile,coolingisalsoestimatedtoaccountforalmost30%ofitspeakelectricitydemandby2040,upfromaround10%in2017,representingtheneedforabout150GWofadditionalgenerationcapacitytomeetthepeakdemand(IEA,2019a).ElectricitydemandforASEANresidentialendusesIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Notes:TWh=terawatt-hours;kWh=kilowatt-hour.Appliancesincludelargeappliancessuchasrefrigerators,freezers,washingmachines,clothesdryers,dishwashersandsmallappliancessuchastelevisionsandmicrowaves.Penetrationratesforbasicapplianceslikerefrigeratorsarealreadyhigh.Source:IEA(2019b),TheFutureofCoolinginSoutheastAsia.Intheabsenceofothersolutions(passivecooling,buildingenvelopeefficiency,naturalventilation,etc.),itisestimatedthatalargeshare(40%)oftheregion’spopulationwillstilllackaccesstocomfortcooling,andconsequentlyremainatriskofheatstress(IEA,2019b).Coolingneedswillalsoreinforcetheimportanceofurbandesign,nature-basedsolutions,passivecooling,districtcoolingandwhiteandgreenroofs,amongothers.Solutionswhichaddressissuesarounddemandresponseandflexibilityofenergyloadstolimitstrainsonthesystemduetopeaksindemand,andaroundadaptingconstructionpracticestominimisetheuseofcarbon-intensivematerialssuchassteelandcement,arebecomingparticularlyimportant.Decarbonisationoftheoverallpowersystemneedstoincreaserapidlyandtoplayamajorroleinthetransitionofthebuildingssectortowardsthenetzero-carbon.TheIEAestimatesthatforASEANthedecarbonisationoftheelectricitysectorwillrepresentover30%oftheCO2emissionsreductionsby2040neededundertheSustainableDevelopmentScenariothatpresumesdeliveringontheParis0100020003000400050000200400600800100020182025203020352040kWhperhouseholdTWhCoolingAppliancesLightingCookingWaterheatingSpaceheatingSoutheastAsiaaverageWorldaverageSoutheastAsiaavg.RightaxisAnnualelectricitycons.Worldavg.LeftaxisASEANelectricitydemandRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE31IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Agreement,achievinguniversalaccesstomodernenergyby2030anddramaticallyreducingenergy-relatedairpollution(IEA,2019c).ThegreenbuildingmarketneedsinvestmentsatscaleInvestinginzero-emission,efficientandresilientbuildingsisacost-effectivewaytoreducecarbonemissions,improveairqualityandcontributetomanyotherbenefitstohouseholds,societyandgovernments(IFC,2016).Asignificantscale-upininvestmentandchangesinregulationswillhelpunlockthesepotentialbenefits.AccordingtoaGreenBuildingInvestmentstudybytheIFC,theinvestmentopportunitiesingreenbuildingsareestimatedatUSD17.8trillionintheEastAsiaPacificandSouthAsia,representingover70%oftheglobaltotal(IFC,2019).Yet,despitethesenumerousbenefits,theinvestmentopportunitiesremainlargelyuntapped.Manyeconomies,especiallyindevelopingAsia,areprioritisingotherurgentenergypolicyissuessuchasenergyaccess,resilientnetworksandsecurityofsupply,whicharecriticaltoenablingamodernenergysystem.However,anumberofcountriesalsohavefossilsubsidiesinplaceforbothproducersandconsumers.InSouthAsiaandSoutheastAsia,forinstance,thesesubsidiesriskdistortingthemarketforlow-carboninvestmentdecisions(Evan,2017).Moreover,theregionisfacingrisingdebtlevelsthatareleadingtotighterlendingconditions.Thismakesaccesstofinancebysmall-andmedium-sizedenterprisesandindividualhouseholdsmoredifficult.Anenablingpolicyframeworkforinvestmentandfinancewillofferanopportunitytomobiliseandeffectivelychannelfinancetoinvestmentsinthelow-carbonbuildingsandconstructionsector.Thisincludessupportforlow-carbontechnologies,removingfossilfuelsubsidies,buildingcapacityamongpolicymakersandfinancialinstitutions,andestablishingeffectiveretailchannels.Examplesmayinclude:establishingeffectiveincentives,greenfinancingframeworks(e.g.greenbondframeworks,environmentalandsocialmanagementsystems,andenvironmental,socialandgovernance(ESG)reporting),andfinancingmechanismssuchasdedicatedfundsutilisingblendedfinancestructuresandlendingschemes.ThroughoutthisRoadmap,regulatoryandfinancialtoolswillbedescribedthatcanenabletheimplementationofactionstostimulateamarkettransformation.PoliciesandinitiativesvaryacrosstheregionRegulatorypolicyinstrumentsarecriticalelementswhendevelopingapolicypackage.Buildingenergycodesareamongthe“mostwidelyrecognised,scalable”RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE32IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.(UNEP,2018)andeffectivepolicyinstrumentsforbuildings(Boza-Kiss,Moles-GruesoandUrge-Vorsatz,2013).Theyareimplementedinover80countries.MandatoryMEPSandlabelsforkeyappliancesandequipmentusedinbuildingsareotherfundamentalpolicyinstrumentswithproveneffectiveness:implementedinover120countriesaroundtheworld,MEPSandlabels“havehelpedmorethanhalvetheenergyconsumptionofmajorappliancesincountrieswiththelongest-runningprogrammes”(IEA,2021d).Thestatusoflow-andzero-carbonbuildingsandbuildingenergyperformancepoliciesvariesgreatlyacrosstheregion.Whilemostcountrieshavehigh-levelstrategiesandtargetsinplaceforbuildingenergyefficiency,thelevelofpolicydevelopmentforimprovingenergyefficiencyinbuildingsdiffersacrosstheAMS.Attheregionallevel,thereareongoingeffortstowardsharmonisationofMinimumEnergyPerformanceStandards(MEPS)forappliancesandequipment,whichcouldfurtherenableenergyefficiencyimprovementsinthebuildingssectoracrosstheregion.Inaddition,theSustainableASEANEnergyManagementTrainingandCertificationSchemeprovidescertificationforenergymanagers,andtheEnergyManagementGoldStandardprovidescertificationforenergy-intensiveorganisations(buildingandindustry).Severalcountries,includingMalaysiaandSingapore,havehadbuildingcodesandstandardsformanyyears,whicharecomplementedbysubsidyschemesandotherincentivemechanisms,manyintheformoftaxincentives.Somehavedevelopedbuildingcodesmorerecently,andothersarestillintheprocessofdevelopingthem(seeNewBuildingssection).AlmostallcountrieswithinAsiahavereportedNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs),theprocessbywhichcountriesannouncetheirnational-levelcommitmentstoreducecarbonemissionsundertheParisAgreementinthecontextoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC).Todate,mostAsiancountries(72%ofthoseinCentral,South,EastandSoutheastAsia)mentionbuildings,althoughmostNDCsstilldonotincludeexplicitactionstoaddressbuildingssectorenergyuseandemissions.ThisRoadmapaimstosupporttheAMSintheirNDCdevelopmentbyprovidinganillustrationofthepathwaytowardsanetzero-carbon,efficientandresilientbuildingstock.Severalinitiativesareunderwayatnationalandregionallevelsthataretargetingemissionsreductionsfromthebuildingssector,andenergyefficiencyofgainsinbuildingsand/orappliances.InordertostrengthenandalignthisRoadmapwithotherrelatedinitiatives,inputandfeedbackweresoughtfromtheseinitiativesandotherswhererelevantandpossible.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE33IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Inaddition,arangeofinitiativesthatcomplementtheobjectivesofthisRoadmapfortheregionincludes:NDCRoadmapforaLow-Carbon,Climate-ResilientBuildingsandConstructionSectorinVietNam,bytheProgrammeforEnergyEfficiencyinBuildings(PEEB)andtheMinistryofConstructionofVietNamRoadmapforBuildingsandConstructioninCambodiabytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)andtheMinistryofLandManagement,UrbanPlanningandConstructionGGGIStrategy2030,includingcountryframeworksandbusinessplansformostAMSAsiaPacificPrimeronEmbodiedCarbon(WorldGreenBuildingCouncilAsiaPacific)thatdescribeswhatembodiedcarbonisandwhereitoccursthroughoutthebuildingandinfrastructureassetlifecycleACE’sZeroEnergyBuildingcategoryaspartoftheannualASEANEnergyAwardsUNEP-UnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(UNESCAP)SDG7Localization,AffordableandCleanEnergyinASEANcities(2021)reportAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation(APEC)LowCarbonModelTown(LCMT)projectACE6thASEANEnergyOutlook2017-2040(AEO6).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE34IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TheRoadmap’simplementationwillresultinmultiplebenefitsImprovingenergyefficiencyandthedecarbonisationofbuildingsoffersanumberofeconomic,socialandenvironmentalbenefitsbeyondenergysavingsandemissionsreductionsthatinclude:reducingairpollution,improvingenergysecurity,reducingthecostofenergyandimprovinghealthoutcomes(IEA,2015).Byaccountingformultiplebenefits,policymakersinASEANcanintegrateenergyefficiencyintoanumberofpolicyareasthatareabletosupportmultiplesocietalgoals(Bragge,etal.,2021).Multiplebenefitsofenergy-efficientandlow-carbonimprovementsinbuildingsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Theincreasingattentiongiventothemultiplebenefitsofenergyefficiencyhasledtoagrowingevidencebaseandtothedevelopmentofmethodsneededtoaccountforthosebenefits.Quantificationofthemonetaryvalueofsuchbenefits,whereitispossible,canbeusedindecision-makingduringpolicydevelopmentandconsumerchoices.Policyframeworkscapableofachievingdifferenteconomic,socialandenvironmentalgoalshavebeendevelopedandarebeingtested.Thishasincreasedtheconfidenceofpolicymakerstomakeacaseformultiplebenefits.Thepotentialbenefitsofbuildingssectordecarbonisationarediscussedbelow.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE35IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Energysavingsthroughimprovementsinbuildingenvelopeandsystemsareamongthemostreadilyidentifiedbenefitsofdecarbonisingthebuildingsstock.FortheASEANregion,comparedtotheStatedPoliciesScenario,theIEAestimatesthatenergyefficiencyimprovementstobuildingenvelopesandsystemsandbehaviouralchangestogethercouldreducepercapitaenergyintensityby20%by2030fromthe2019levels(IEA,2021a).CO2emissionreductionsfrombuildingssectordecarbonisationisthesecondmostreadilyidentifiedbenefit.Throughenergyefficiencyanddemandreduction,emissionsrelatedtodirectandindirectenergyuseinbuildingswillmakeasignificantcontributiontoenergy-relatedCO2emissionreductionsinASEAN.Fuelswitchingandimprovementstobuildingsystemperformancethatreducefuelusecandirectlyreduceairpollution(PM2.5),whichisoneoftheworld’ssinglelargestenvironmentalriskstohumanhealth.InASEAN,around80%ofthepopulationareexposedtolevelsoffineparticulatematterthatexceedthelowestWorldHealthOrganizationinterimtarget.Thisexposurewasresponsibleforaround450000deathsin2018.Long-termexposuretoairpollutantsincreasesthevulnerabilityofthepopulationtorespiratoryinfectionsanddiseases(Kim,etal,2018).Reducingtheexposuretobothindoorandoutdoorairpollutionwillleadtobetterhealthandwell-being.WithintheSustainableDevelopmentScenario,theIEAestimatedthatairpollution-relateddeathscouldfalltoaround190000peryear(IEA,2019c).Investmentinenergyefficiencycanleadtoskilledjobcreationthroughtheretrofittingofexistingbuildings,moreefficientnewconstructionsandincreasingaccesstocleanfuels.Measurestoimprovetheefficiencyofbuildingsandapplianceshavebeenshowntogenerate10to15job-yearspermilliondollarsinvested(IEA,2020b).Additionally,thereisfurtheropportunitytouseinvestmentintheenergyefficiencyofbuildingstoupskillworkers,particularlythroughtheadoptionofstandardsthatimprovethestringencyofbuildings’energyandcarbonperformance.Inemerginganddevelopingeconomies,energyefficiencyhasanimportantroletoplayinincreasingtheaffordabilityofenergy,whichhelpstoincreaseenergyuseandhasbeenshowntohavepositiveeconomicbenefitsforhouseholds.AccesstomodernlightingalonehasbeenshowntoincreasedisposableincomebyUSD5-16permonththroughproductivityforpoorhouseholdsindevelopingcountries(IRENA,2012).Forpopulationswithlittleornoaccesstomodernenergy,e.g.electricity,modernbiofuelsorlow-carbongas,thedeployingofenergy-efficientappliancescanreducethecostsofoff-gridsystemsoperations,makingenergyservicesmoreaffordable.Abilitytopayisoneofthelargestbarrierstoexpandingtheuptakeofoff-gridtechnologies.Super-efficientproductsreducethemaximumloadrequirementsonasystem,whichdecreasecapacityrequirementsforrenewableRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE36IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.energygenerationandresultinanoverallreductionincostsinceinvestmentsinbatteriesandsolarpanelsaccountformostoftheenergyaccesscosts(IRENA,2019).Inefficientbuildingfabricsandpoorventilationcharacteristicshavesignificantimpactsonhealth.Inwarmclimates,exposuretoheatisrelatedtostrokeandcardiorespiratorydisease(Gasparrinietal.,2015),whileheatwavesinASEANhavebeenshowntoincreasedeathsduringthehottestsummermonthsandposeasignificantrisktovulnerablepopulations(Campbelletal.,2018).Byinvestinginimprovementsinbuildingfabricsandenergysystems,amorecomfortableindoorenvironmentcanbeachieved,suchasmorestableindoortemperaturesorcleanerair(Maidmentetal.,2014).Energyefficiencyretrofitsinbuildings(forexampleinsulationretrofitsandweatherisationprogrammes)createconditionsthatcanimproveoccupanthealthandwell-being,particularlyamongvulnerablegroups.Energyefficiencycanenhanceenergysecuritythroughreducingdemandforsupplyfromdomesticproductionorimports,allowingforemergencyenergyreservesandexcesscapacity,andpromotingfuelswitchingand/ordemandrestraint.ScalingupenergyefficiencygainscanhelpASEANreducedomesticenergydemand,loweringdemandforimportsofoil,gasandcoal.Currently,ASEAN’senergyimportsaccountforapproximately40%oftotalfueldemand.ImprovingbuildingenergyefficiencywillhelptheAMSmeettheincreasingdemandforenergyandeasetheirrelianceonfossilfuels(IEA,2019c).Further,buildingenergyefficiencyimprovesresilienceofsupplyduringperiodsofintensiveweatherorwhencapacityisconstrained.Buildingsthataremoreefficientwillbemoreresilienttoclimatechange.Theywillbebetterequippedtomaintaincomfortconditionsduringheatwavesandhelpreducepeakdemandthroughmoreefficientcoolingsystemsandappliances.ReferencesACE(ASEANCentreforEnergy)(2020),ASEANPlanofActionforEnergyCooperation(APAEC)2016-2025PhaseII2021-2025,https://aseanenergy.org/asean-plan-of-action-and-energy-cooperation-apaec-phase-ii-2021-2025/.ACE&GIZ(DeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit[GermanSocietyforInternationalCooperation])(2020),The6thASEANEnergyOutlook2017-2040(AEO6),https://aseanenergy.org/the-6th-asean-energy-outlook/.Boza-Kiss,B.,Moles-Grueso,S.,andUrge-Vorsatz,D.(2013),Evaluatingpolicyinstrumentstofosterenergyefficiencyforthesustainabletransformationofbuildings.https://3csep.ceu.edu/sites/default/files/publications/boza-kiss-et-al-policy-instr-bldgs-2013-cosust.pdf.Bragge,P.,Lauren,N.,Pattuwage,L.,Waddell,A.&Lennox,A.(2021),Co-benefitsofsustainablebuildingandimplicationsforSoutheastAsia.ReviewDocument.Melbourne,Australia:MSDIEvidenceReviewService,MonashUniversityandGlobalRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE37IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.BuildingsPerformanceNetwork.https://www.gbpn.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Co-Benefits-of-Sustainable-Buildings-and-Implications-for-Southeast-Asia.pdf.Campbell,S.etal.(2018),Heatwaveandhealthimpactresearch:Aglobalreview.HealthandPlace,210-218.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.08.017.Evan,M.(2017),Globalkerosenesubsidies:Anobstacletoenergyefficiencyanddevelopment,WorldDevelopment,Vol.99,pp.463-480.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.036.Gasparrini,A.etal.(2015),Mortalityriskattributabletohighandlowambienttemperature:amulticountryobservationalstudy.TheLancet,Vol.386,Issue9991,pp.369-375.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62114-0.GlobalABC/IEA/UNEP(GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction,InternationalEnergyAgency,andtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme)(2020):GlobalABCRegionalRoadmapforBuildingsandConstructioninAsia:TowardsAZero-Emission,EfficientandResilientBuildingsandConstructionSector,IEA,Paris.GlobalABC/IEA/UNEP(GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction,InternationalEnergyAgencyandtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme)(2019),2019GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction:Towardsazero-emission,efficientandresilientbuildingsandconstructionsector.https://www.iea.org/reports/global-status-report-for-buildings-and-construction-2019.IEA(InternationalEnergyAgency)(2021a),TrackingBuildings2021,https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-buildings-2021.IEA(2021b),NetZeroby2050,https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050.IEA(2021c),WorldEnergyOutlook2021,https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2021.IEA(2021d),EnergyEfficiency2021,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency-2021.IEA(2020a),WorldEnergyOutlook2020,https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2020.IEA(2020b),SustainableRecovery,https://www.iea.org/reports/sustainable-recovery.IEA(2020c),EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2020,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2020.IEA(2019a),SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2019,https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast-asia-energy-outlook-2019.IEA(2019b),TheFutureofCoolinginSoutheastAsia,https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-cooling-in-southeast-asia.IEA(2019c),WorldEnergyOutlook2019,https://doi.org/10.1787/caf32f3b-en.IEA(2015),CapturingtheMultipleBenefitsofEnergyEfficiency,https://www.iea.org/reports/capturing-the-multiple-benefits-of-energy-efficiency.IFC(InternationalFinanceCorporation)(2019),GreenBuildings:AFinanceandPolicyBlueprintforEmergingMarkets.https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/a6e06449-0819-4814-8e75-903d4f56.IFC(2016),ClimateInvestmentOpportunitiesinEmergingMarkets.ttps://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/59260145-ec2e-40de-97e6-3aa78b82b3c9/3503-IFC-Climate_Investment_Opportunity-Report-Dec-FINAL.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=lBLd6Xq.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANTheASEANcontextfortheRoadmap’sdevelopmentPAGE38IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.IRENA(InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency)(2019),Behind-the-meterBatteries.https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Sep/IRENA_BTM_Batteries_2019.pdf?la=en&hash=86DF5CFBEDB71EB9A00A5E3680D72D6E346BD23A.IRENA(2012),RenewableEnergy-Jobs&Access.https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2012/Renewable_Energy_Jobs_and_Access.pdf.Kim,D.etal.(2018),Airpollutantsandearlyoriginsofrespiratorydiseases.ChronicDiseasesandTranslationalMedicine,Vol.4,No.2,pp.75-94.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.03.003.Maidment,C.etal.(2014),Theimpactofhouseholdenergyefficiencymeasuresonhealth:Ameta-analysis.EnergyPolicy,Vol.65,pp.583–593.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.054.OECD/IPEEC(OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentandInternationalPartnershipforEnergyEfficiencyCooperation)(2018),ZeroEnergyBuildingDefinitionsandPolicyActivity:AnInternationalReview,https://ipeec.org/upload/publication_related_language/pdf/766.pdf.UNEP(UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme)(2018),AGuideforIncorporatingBuildingsActionsinNDCs.https://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/GABC-NDC-GUIDE_ENGLISH.pdf.UN(UnitedNations)(2019),WorldPopulationProspects.http://population.un.org/wpp/UNESCAP(TheUnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific)(2021a),AsiaPacificEnergyPortal.Indicators:ElectricityproductionbyproductinASEAN,piechartfor2018.https://asiapacificenergy.org/#main/lang/en/graph/5/type/1/sort/0/time/[min,max]/indicator/[1896-M:2809]/geo/[ASEAN]/legend/1/inspect/0.UNESCAP(2021b),AsiaPacificEnergyPortal.Indicators:ProportionofpopulationwithaccesstoelectricityinASEAN,linechartfor2000-2019.https://asiapacificenergy.org/#main/lang/en/graph/0/type/0/sort/0/time/[min,min]/indicator/[7794:2554]/geo/[VNM,IDN,PHL,SGP,BRN,KHM,MYS,MMR,THA,LAO,ASEAN]/legend/1/inspect/0.UNESCAP(2021c),AsiaPacificEnergyPortal.Indicators:AnnualRateofEnergyIntensityImprovementinASEAN,linechartfor1998-2018.https://asiapacificenergy.org/#main/lang/en/graph/0/type/0/sort/0/time/[min,min]/indicator/[7794:2554]/geo/[VNM,IDN,PHL,SGP,BRN,KHM,MYS,MMR,THA,LAO,ASEAN]/legend/1/inspect/0.UNESCAP(2021d),AsiaPacificEnergyPortal.Indicators:PopulationwithoutaccesstocleancookinginASEAN,2019.https://asiapacificenergy.org/#main/lang/en/graph/0/type/0/sort/0/time/[min,max]/indicator/[5072:2571]/geo/[ASEAN]/legend/1/inspect/0.UNESCAPandUNEP(2021),SDG7Localisation.AffordableandCleanEnergyinASEANCities.https://www.unescap.org/kp/2021/sdg-7-localization-affordable-and-clean-energy-asean-cities.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE39IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ASEANRoadmap’sactionareasThisRoadmapisintendedtoidentifycommontargets,milestonesandtimelinesforkeyactionsacrossseven“actionareas”forthebuildingsandconstructionsector:urbanplanning,newbuildings,existingbuildings,materials,buildingsystemsandtheiroperation,sustainableenergyandresilience:ActionArea1:Urbanplanning.Thisareacoverslanduse,zoningandotherplanningissuesassociatedwithhowbuildings,transportandenergysystemsinteract.ActionArea2:Newbuildings.Thisareacoversallaspectsofthedesignandconstructionofnewbuildings,includingthedesignprocess,designstrategiesandpoliciessuchascodesandlabels.ActionArea3:Existingbuildings.Thisareacoversallaspectsoftheimprovementsofexistingbuildings.ActionArea4:Materials.Thisareacoversbuildingmaterialsforthebuildingenvelopeandstructuralmaterialsusedinbuildings(itdoesnotcoverthematerialsusedformanufacturingofappliancesandequipment).ActionArea5:Systemsandoperations.Thisareacoversallaspectsoftheoperationsandmanagementofbuildingsincludingheating,cooling,hotwaterandlightingsystemsthatareusedinbothnewandexistingbuildings.ActionArea6:Sustainableenergy.Thisareacoversthetransitiontosustainableenergyinbuildings,includingthegenerationofon-siterenewableenergy,districtenergysystemsandtheintegrationofvariablerenewablesintothegrid.ActionArea7:Resilience.Thisareacoverstheaspectsofbuildingresiliencethatenableincreasedcapacitytoadapttoandmitigatetheeffectsofchangingclimateandnaturaldisasters.Eachoftheactionareasprovidesastructurethatincludesavision,aswellasoptionsforkeyactionsandactivitiestosupportthetransitiontonetzero-carbonbuildingsandconstruction.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE40IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.RoadmapvisionandactionsforeachactionareaIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.EachactionareaoftheRoadmaphasasimilarstructure.StructureforeachactionareaIntroduction•Vision•GuidingprinciplesCurrentcontext•Trendsandchallenges•CurrentpoliciesSummaryofstrategy•Milestonestonetzerocarbon•Summaryofstrategyelements•StakeholdermappingActions,ActivitiesandTimelines•Timelines•Actions,Activities,Near-termrecommendations•ExamplesTrackingprogress•ProposedregionalandnationalindicatorsfortrackingRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE41IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.EachactivityareaoftheRoadmapcanbereadeitherinisolationorinconjunctionwiththeotherpartsofthedocument.Itisimportanttonote,however,thatthisRoadmapoutlinesactionsandtimelines,whichareimportantforacountrytotakeinordertoensurethatitsbuildingssectorisonitswaytowardsanetzero-carbonfuture.Aholisticapproachtoitsimplementationisthereforecrucial.ThisRoadmapofferstheopportunitytosetthenetzero-carbonvisionfornationalbuildingssectorsandstartimplementationfromanyareaoraction,withtheunderstandingthattheachievementofthisrequiresacomplexcombinationofvariousmeasuresfromalltheactivityareas.ThisregionalRoadmapacknowledgesthateverycountryhasitsuniquecontext,withitschallengesandprioritiesinthebuildingssectorandbeyond.Consistingoftenmemberstates,theASEANregionhasagreatvarietyofnationalcircumstancesinthepolitical,social,economic,environmentalandsocialspheres.WhiletheRoadmapoffersacomprehensivemenuofactions,eachgovernmentcandevelopasuiteofactionssuitabletoitslocalcontextandwhichissufficientlyambitioustofollowthepathwaytowardsanetzero-carbonbuildingssectorwithinitscountry.WhileworkingwiththisRoadmapitisimportanttokeepinmindseveraloverarchingprinciples:Adaptability.ThisRoadmapisintendedasguidance,notasaprescription.Itoutlinestheimportantoptionsacrosssevenkeyareas.However,theAMS,withtheirdiscretionandin-depthknowledgeoflocalcontext,canconfigureeffectiveimplementationplanswithauniqueconfigurationbasedonthesuggestedactions,andtailoredtolocalcircumstances,availabilityandqualityofdata,aswellasfinancialandhumanresources.Holisticapproach.Thebuildingssectoriscomplexandfragmented,coveringnumeroustechnologicalsystems,policyoptions,enduses,stakeholdersanddecisionmakers.WhenworkingwiththisRoadmapanintegratedviewonthebuildingssectorisimportant.Whiletheshort-termprioritiescouldbesetstartingfromanyofthesevenactionareasdiscussed,forthelong-termstrategytoachievenetzero-carbonbuildingsitisimportanttocoverallactionareasinaholisticmannersoastoavoidalock-ineffectofenergysavingsandGHGemissionsreductionsthroughalackofambition(Urge-Vorsatz,et.al,2013).Strategicplanning.TheRoadmapprovidesanoutlineofpotentialactionsthatcanbetakentowardstheachievementofthenetzero-carbongoalforbuildings.However,theactualrealisationofthisambitiondependsonpolicydevelopmentandtheimplementationactionstakenbyeachAMSinlinewiththeRoadmap.Keyforeffectiveimplementationaredeterminingpolicyprocessesandstrategicplans,inwhichthoseselectedfromtheRoadmap’sactionscouldbeintegrated,aswellasthedevelopmentofanimplementationplantodefinemoregranularactionstobeimplemented,identificationoftheinstitutionsresponsiblefortheirimplementationandtheresourcesthatcanbeallocated,RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE42IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Multi-stakeholdercollaboration.ActivitiesandactionsoutlinedinthisRoadmaprequiretheengagementofvariouslevelsofgovernanceandstakeholdergroups.Whileframeworkbuildingregulationsandnationalpoliciesarewithinthepurviewofnationalgovernments,theactualimplementationofactionsisusuallyexecutedatthesubnationalandlocallevelsofgovernance.Therefore,itiscrucialtoestablisheffectivecommunicationchannelsbetweennational,subnationalandlocalgovernments,aswellascoordinationmechanismsbasedontheprinciplesofmultilevelgovernance(Coopenergy,2015).Itisalsoimportanttoensurethattheinterestsofvariousstakeholdergroups(privatesectors,civilsociety,academia,generalpublic,etc.)aretakenintoaccountduringtheworkwiththisRoadmapandfurtherimplementationactivities.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE43IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ActionArea1:UrbanplanningIntroductionSustainableurbanplanningframesthesupplyanddemandforurbanenergywithaviewto:1)achievingeconomicandhumandevelopmentgoals;2)protectingtheenvironment(includingmitigatingclimatechange,reducingairpollutionandlimitingresourcedepletion);and3)improvingtheresilienceoflocalcommunitiesandurbanenergyinfrastructuretodisasters(IEA,2016;IPCC,2018).Asbuildingsaretypicallygovernedbyrulessetinurbanplanningregulations,itisimportantthattheirimpactonenergyconsumptionandtheirpotentialforlocalenergyproductionaretakenintoconsiderationwhendefiningurbanplanningandland-usepolicies,anddecidingondevelopmentprojects.Akeyconceptbehindsustainableurbanplanningistopromotemixeduse,adequatelycompactcitieswithappropriatedensitylevels(Lohrey&Creutzig,2016).Theyshouldalsostriveforpolycentricurbangrowth,transit-orienteddevelopment,9sprawlcontainment,vibrantpublicspaces,naturalisedandvegetatedspacesandintegratedinfrastructure.Tosupporttheproliferationofnetzero-carbonbuildings,urbanplansfornewdevelopmentmustconsiderhowurbanformimpactsenergydemandthroughshape,size,densityandconfigurationofthestreetnetwork,greeninfrastructureanduseofurbanspaces.Forexistingdevelopments,urbanplanningneedstopromoteredevelopment,infilldevelopmentandregenerationthattakeintoconsiderationenergysystemsandenergydemand.Atthebuildingscale,compactness,height,orientationandmutualshadinghaveagreatinfluenceonbuildings’energydemandandlocalrenewableenergypotential.Urbanplanningpoliciescanalsoplanandallowforlarge-scaledeploymentofrenewableswithintheurbanfabric.Increasedlinkagesbetweenurbanplanninganditsimpactonenergyuseandemissionsfrombuildingsandtransportthroughmoreintegratedurbanplanningpoliciescanplayasignificantroleinembeddingenergyefficiencyintospatialplanningtosupportthetransitiontowardszero-emissionbuildingsandconstruction,aswellasefficientandresilienturbanform.ThefollowingvisionsetsoutwhatcitiesacrosstheAMScouldachievebyembeddingsustainableurbanplanningprinciplesthroughtheRoadmap.9Transit-orienteddevelopment(TOD)isanurbanplanninganddesignstrategypromotingurbandevelopmentthatis“compact,mixed-use,pedestrian-andbicycle-friendly”,andcloselyintegratedwithmasstransitbybringingtogetherjobs,housing,servicesandamenitiesaroundpublictransportstations(Salat&Ollivier,2017).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE44IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.VisionforurbanplanningCitiesarecontextspecificanddevelopedusingintegratedapproachesandpoliciestobemoresustainable,resource-efficient,connectedandliveable.CurrentcontextUrbandevelopmentacrossASEANhasincreasedoverthelast15yearsandtheregionnowhasmorethan330millionpeoplelivinginurbanareas(estimatedonthebasisofUNESCAP,2021aandUNESCAP,2021b).Thisincreasedgrowthemphasisestheneedtodevelopwithafocusonsustainability,resilienceandinnovationthatpromotesimprovementsinlivelihoodsforallcitizens.TheimplicationforcitiesinASEANisthatthereisaneedtoexpandcityinfrastructure(e.g.energy,water,waste,transport)toallurbanpopulationsintheregionwhiletakingintoconsiderationfutureenergyrequirementsandreducingtheembodiedandoperationemissionsofthoseservices.UrbanpovertyisbeingtackledacrosstheSoutheastAsia.Theshareofurbanpopulationlivingunderthepovertylinehassubstantiallydecreasedintheregion,forexample,inIndonesiafrom19.4%in1999to8.3%in2014,inThailandfrom22.3%to9%between2000and2012andfrom35.2%to12%inVietNamfrom2002to2013(OECD,2016).Associatedwiththereductioninurbanpovertyistheshiftinreducingtheurbanpopulationlivinginslums,forexample,between2005and2018Cambodiareduceditfrom79%to45%,LaoPDRfrom80%to21%andVietNamfrom41%to13%,thoughothershavehadaninfluxininformaldevelopments(ADB,2013).TheCOVID-19pandemichashoweverexacerbatedtheseconditionsandarecentASEANreportsuggestsmorethan54millionpeopleareatriskofbeingforcedintopoverty(ASEANSecretariat,2020).ThemaincitiesofASEANhavearangeofurbanplanningpoliciesthatarefocusedonpromotinglow-energyandlow-carbonbuildings.However,toachievethemilestonessetoutinthisRoadmap,thereisaneedtofurtherleveragetheimportantrolesthatcitiesplayinpromotingzero-carbondevelopment.CurrentstatusofpoliciesforsustainableurbanplanningCountryUrbandevelopmentcontrolsSustainableurbanmasterplansDevelopmentIncentivesBruneiDarussalamLanduseplanningsystemandtheDevelopmentControlSystemareinforce.TheNLUMPincludesanUrbanFootprintZonetolimittheextentofurbangrowth.NationalLandUseMasterPlan2006-2025(NLUMP),revisedin2008,proposesfivenationallandusezones.ThereisalsotheBandarSeriBegawanDevelopmentPlan.NationalHousingProgramme(RPN)isapolicywhichassistscitizensinbuyinghomes.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE45IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountryUrbandevelopmentcontrolsSustainableurbanmasterplansDevelopmentIncentivesCambodia2011NationalSpatialPolicycoversplanninghierarchy.2014NationalHousingPolicycoversaccesstohousing.WhitePaperonLandPolicyof2015setsoutmeasuresformanaginganddistributinglands.Cambodia’sGreenCityStrategicPlanningMethodology(2016)isastep-by-stepguideforCambodia'scitiesregardinggreengrowth.PhnomPenhSustainableCityPlan(2020)andGreenCityStrategicPlan2016-2025focusontheimplementationofurbangreengrowth,economicdevelopment,povertyalleviationandsocialinclusion.IndonesiaLawoftheRepublicofIndonesiaN.26of2007concerningSpatialPlanningcoverssustainablemeasuresforthedevelopmentofzoning.RegulationofMinistryofPublicWorksandHousing21/2021regulatestheadministrationofspatialdevelopmentregulations,includingthedesignandfixingofaguidecomprisingspatialdevelopmentstandards,processesandcriteria.GreenCityActionPlans(GCAPs)(2014-2017)provideinvestmentplansandpolicydevelopment,institutionalrestructuring,capacitydevelopmentandtraining,technicalstudiesandactionsrelatedtofunding,financingandimplementingprojects.LaoPDRLawonUrbanPlanning(1999)determinesprinciples,regulationsandmeasuresregardingthemanagementanduseofland.VientianeCapitalMasterPlan(2020)considerssustainableurbanplanning.MalaysiaNationalPhysicalPlan(NPP)coverssustainabledevelopmentandlanduseplanning..NationalLowCarbonCitiesMasterplan(NLCCM)indevelopment.LowCarbonCitiesGuide.MelakaGreenCityActionPlan2020:creationofincentiveschemes,fundingmodels,greenprocurement,PPPs.GreenDevelopmentIncentivesforForestCity(2016)includetaxincentivesforgreendevelopers.SustainableCityAwards.LowCarbonCitiesAwards.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE46IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountryUrbandevelopmentcontrolsSustainableurbanmasterplansDevelopmentIncentivesMyanmarGuidelinesforUrbanPlanning(2020):coverssustainableurbanplanning.MyanmarSustainableDevelopmentPlan(2018-2030)andtheNationalTransportationMasterPlan(2011-2031)addresssustainablenationalurbanism.SmartCityPlansinMandalayandNayPyiTawPhilippinesNationalUrbanDevelopmentandHousingFramework(2017-2022)outlinestheframeworkforurbanplanning.MetropolitanDavao-SustainableUrbanMasterPlan(indevelopment)aimstoguidethefuturegrowthanddevelopmentofthemetropolis.SingaporePlanningActMasterPlanWrittenStatement(2019)liststheterritorialaspectsandsocial,economicandenvironmentalobjectivesofthegovernmentinordertoguidesustainableandresilientdevelopment.BuiltEnvironmentAcceleratetoMarketProgramme(BEAMP)(2020)andSkyriseGreeneryIncentiveScheme2.0(SGIS)(2018)ThailandSpatialPlanningSystemattheNationalandRegionalLevelsandThailandNationalSpatialDevelopmentPlan2057addressaspectsofsustainability.ClimateChangePolicyoftheKingdomofThailandandBangkokMetropolitan(2015),coversgreenurbanplanningandadaptationplanning.VietNamPlanforGreenGrowthUrbanDevelopmentofVietnamby2030[translatedfromVietnamese]outlinespriorityareasthatamongothersincludeapplicationofinformationtechnologyandgreenmeasuresintheprocessofplanning,designandconstructionofbuildingsandurbaninfrastructureASEANASEANSustainableUrbanisationStrategy(ASUS)(2018)employsaframeworkofsustainableurbanisationbasedonsixareas,includingqualityenvironmentandbuiltinfrastructure.MasterPlanonASEANConnectivity2025(2016)addressesfivemainthemes:sustainableinfrastructure,digitalinnovation,seamlesslogistics,regulatoryexcellenceandpeoplemobility.Note:Blankareasofthetableindicatethatnorelevantinformationwasfoundduringdatacollection.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE47IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofstrategyforurbanplanningSummaryofmilestonesforurbanplanningtowardsnetzero-carbonIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TheRoadmap’sstrategyforhowurbanplanningcanadvanceenergyefficiencyandthedecarbonisationofbuildingsinASEANincludesthreekeyactionsintheareaofurbanplanning(UP):1.Improveco-ordinationandpolicyalignment.2.Boostlow-carbonurbaninfrastructureandconstruction.3.Expandcapacitytodeliverlow-carbonurbandevelopment.Withintheseactions,theRoadmapsuggestssixactivities(e.g.UP.1.1,UP.2.2,etc.)relatedtourbanplanning.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE48IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofRoadmapstrategyforurbanplanningIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Asmulti-stakeholdercollaborationisoneoftheoverarchingprinciplesofthisRoadmapitisimportanttoconsiderwhichstakeholdergroupscouldbeinvolvedinthedeliveryofeachactivity.VariousstakeholdergroupsshouldbeinvolvedintheactivitiesundertheUrbanPlanningactionareainordertoensuretheireffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE49IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.StakeholdermappingforurbanplanningIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ofappliancesandmaterials.Includesproducttestersandcertifiers.includingacademia,non-governmentalorganisations(NGOs),researchinstitutions,socialnetworksandcommunityassociations.intheUrbanPlanningActionAreathisstakeholdergroupalsoincludesurbanplanners.Note:Thedarkerthecolour,thehighertheimportanceofthatstakeholdergroupfortheactivityandthemoreessentialthegroupisfortheactivity’seffectiveimplementation.Actions,activitiesandtimelinesUP.1:Improveco-ordinationandpolicyalignmentforlow-carbondevelopmentUP.1.1.Increaseadoptionofmultilevelgovernanceforlow-carbonbuildingsCurrentstatus:Effectivemultilevelgovernance(MLG)strategiesarerareinAMSand/ornotfullyimplemented.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllmemberstatesdevelopMLGframeworksthatcovertheareaoflow-carbonbuildings.Co-ordinationmechanismsunderMLGframeworksareestablishedinallAMS.Subnationalandlocalgovernmentsareparticipatinginthepolicy-makingforlow-carbonbuildings.MLGframeworksareeffectivelyoperatinginallAMS.Subnationalandlocalgovernmentsareimplementingactionsonlow-carbonbuildingsalignedwithnationalpolicies.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE50IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.UP.1.2.Promotemulti-sectoralintegratedcitymasterplansCurrentstatus:Minimalrequirementforintegrationacrosssectorsinmasterplandevelopmentcontrolsthatcanutilisesynergiesbetweensustainableenergy,water,wasteandtransport,cleanair,greenspaceandnaturallandscapeprotectionstrategies.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllAMShaveintroducedvoluntaryrequirementsforintegratedmultisectoralmasterplansdevelopmentatthesubnationalandlocallevels.AllAMShaveintroducedmandatoryrequirementsforintegratedmultisectoralmasterplansdevelopmentatthesubnationalandlocallevels.AllAMShaveintroducedrequirementsforintegratedmultisectoralmasterplansdevelopmentatthesubnationalandlocallevelsalignedwithnationalpolicies.Near-termrecommendationstosupportcoordinationandpolicyAdoptionofmultilevelgovernanceforlow-carbondevelopmentDevelopmentofthemultilevelgovernance(MLG)frameworktailoredtotheneedsandcontextofthecountry.“Multilevelgovernance”meansco-ordinatedactionsthatenable“workingtogetheracrossdifferentlevelsofgovernment,todeliverpoliciesmoreeffectively”(Coopenergy2015).Suchaframeworkcouldbeintegratedintothepolicydevelopmentprocessesbasedontheunderstandingof“thecomplexwebofinteractionsbetweendifferentlevelsofgovernments,non-stateandnon-governmentalactors”,allofwhichcontributetotheactionstakentoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofthecountry’sbuildingssectors(OECD,2010).Suchaframeworkisaimedatclosingapolicygapbetweendifferentlevelsofgovernmentbydevelopingtoolsforvertical(e.g.national,regionalandlocalgovernments)andhorizontal(e.g.stakeholderswithinthesamelevelofgovernance,e.g.withinonecityorco-operationwithothercities)co-operation.Verticalco-ordination.Nationalpolicyframeworksandeffectiveco-ordinatingmechanismsareimportanttoensureastrongeralignmentbetweennationalandlocalpoliciestowardssustainableurbanplanning.Subnationalandlocalgovernmentscanbeempoweredbyasufficientlevelofautonomytoenablethemtotakeactionsunderclearlydefinednationalgoalsandcommitments.Increaseddecentralisationofpolicymakingandawiderrangeof“powers”(e.g.todeveloppolicies,settargets,decideonthelocalenergymix,developormodifylocaltaxation,etc.)andresponsibilitiesgiventosubnationalandlocalgovernmentscouldacceleraterequiredimplementationactions.Nationalpolicycommitmentsandregulatorymechanismscouldbesupportedbyoutreachandcapacitybuildingprogrammesforlocalpolicymakerstoencourageacollaborativeapproachtosustainableurbanplanningandenergyefficiencyinbuildings(OECD,2016).Horizontalcollaboration.Nationalgovernmentscouldsupportandencouragehorizontalcollaborationbetweenvariousactorsandstakeholdersinvolvedinurbanplanningatsubnationalandlocallevels.DecentralisationofgovernanceRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE51IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.doesnotmeanawithdrawalofnationalgovernmentsfromlocalaffairs,butratheractiveparticipationandcontinuoussupport.Communityengagement.Developmentofstakeholderengagementinitiativesatthelocallevelcanbringlocalcitizensintothesustainableplanninganddevelopmentprocessandsupportlocalneeds.Itisespeciallyimportantinordertoensurethatlocalstrategiesarerelevantandappropriateforthelocalneedsandthattheyprovidethebasisforknowledgetransfertoothercommunities.PromotionofmultisectoralintegratedCityMasterplansDevelopmentoftheCityMasterplan.Putinplacethevision,policiesandstrategiestodeveloplow-carbondevelopmentpolicies.Convenecross-divisiondiscussionsandstakeholderconsultationsfordevelopmentofthemultisectoralofficialplan/citymasterplanfocusedondevelopingamendmentsforadoptingsustainabledevelopmentpoliciesandactions,includingthosethatlinklow-carbonbuildingswithurbanplanning.Integratedurbanplanningpolicies.Enacturbanplanningpoliciesthatconsiderthelong-termgoalofdecarbonisingthebuildingsandconstructionsector.Urbanplanningpolicieswouldincrementallyincreaseinscopetoincludenotonlytheformalcitybutalsoinformalsettlements.Involvecitizensandfavourtheiractiveparticipationintheplanningprocesstoimproveunderstandingofurbanissuesandfosterthesharingofknowledge.Utilisepotentialandsolutionsofferedbydigitalisationthatenableinterlinkagesbetweenenduses(IEA,2021a).Forexample,demand-sidemanagement,incombinationwithbuildingenergymanagementandinterconnectiontoheatrecoveryfacilitiesfromindustrialzones,datacentresandwaste-to-energysolutions,canempowerstakeholderstosetuplarge-scaleprogrammestoachievehigherdegreesofefficiencythroughsectorcoupling.Businesscaseforlow-carbondevelopment.Toleverageinvestment,producebusinesscasestudiestoinformlocalgovernmentsanddevelopersaboutthereducedoperatingexpenditurebenefitsoflow-carbonplanningpolicies.Showcaseofdata-drivendevelopmentplanning.Datacollectionandanalysisarefoundationalstepsinthedevelopmentoftheintegratedmasterplan.Utilisationofdigitalisationtoolsandrealdata(e.g.advancedspatialenergyplanning,includinggeographicinformationsystem[GIS],digitaltwinmodelling,etc.)inthisprocessenablesmappingoflocalrenewableenergypotential.Suchutilisationhelpstoidentifysourcesofinefficiencyinthebuildingssectorandopportunitiesforreducingbuildingenergyuseandrelatedcarbonemissions.Itcanalsoevaluatethebenefitsandimpactsofmeasuresandpoliciesbeyondenergysavings(IEA,2021a).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE52IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ExamplesTheAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation(APEC)Low-CarbonModelTown(LCMT)aimsto“combineenergy-efficientbuildings,transportandpowersystemstocreatecommunitiesthataffordablyreduceenergyuseandcarbonemissionswhilecreatingpleasantlivingconditions”.TheLCMTprojectisapartofAPEC'sEnergySmartCommunitiesInitiativeandconsistsoftwomainactivities:1)developmentoftheConceptoftheLow-CarbonTownintheAPECregion;and2)FeasibilityStudyandPolicyReviewofplanneddevelopmentprojectsasexamplesofreal-lifeapplicationsoftheconcept.Thelow-carbontowndevelopmentstrategiesincludetwoessentialdimensions:1)quantitativelow-carbonreductiontargetswithatimeframe;and2)selectionofthemostappropriatesetoflow-carbonmeasures.Asof2021,theLCMTprojectconductedpolicyreviewsofthefollowingsevencities:KrasnoyarskCity,Russia;Mandaue,Cebu,Philippines;Bitung,NorthSulawesi,Indonesia;SanBorja,Lima,Peru;DaNang,VietNam;KohSamui,Thailand;andYujiapuCentralBusinessDistrict,Tianjin,China.SmartcityinCambodia:Thisaimstocreateasmartcityandanefficientandintelligentenvironment.Singapore-basedLimestoneNetworkbeganthisdevelopmentprojectin2020.Covering100hectaresinthecentreofCambodia'scapital,PhnomPenh,thedevelopmentisenvisagedtobecompletedin2022,withresidentialandnon-residentialbuildings,malls,schoolsandaconventioncentre.A“’digitalpassport’forresidentsandworkerswillallowthemfullaccesstoallthefeaturesoftheLimestoneappafterthoroughverification”.Theywillbeable“tomakedigitalpurchasesandmovefrombuildingtobuildingwithinthesmartcity”.Theprojectadoptsblockchaintechnologytoenableefficientdatacollectionviaresidents'dailytouchpointsanditssharingwithoutinvadingconsumers'privacy.Thisallowsformonitoringofanumberofparameterstoprovidean“in-depthunderstandingofthecity'sfunctions,includingroadtraffic,powerandwaterconsumption,residentmovementsandmore”,whichisinvaluableforurbanplanningandimprovingenergyefficiencyinvariousareasofthecity’soperations.UP.2:Boostlow-carbonurbaninfrastructureandconstructionUP.2.1.Promoteamixoffinancialandnon-financialincentivesforlow-carboninfrastructureandconstructionCurrentstatus:Lackoffinancialandnon-financialincentivesfordevelopmentoflow-carbonorenergy-efficientbuildings.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonSeveralAMShaveincludedintheirbuildingpoliciesamixoffinancialandnon-financialincentivesfordeveloperswithenhancedsustainabilityprovisions.MostAMShaveincorporatedintonationalbuildingpoliciesamixoffinancialandnon-financialincentivesfordeveloperswithenhancedsustainabilityprovisions;theyhavealsoprovidedimplementationguidancetosubnationalandlocalgovernments.AllAMShaveaneffectivelyfunctioningmixoffinancialandnon-financialincentivesfordeveloperswithenhancedsustainabilityprovisions,implementedatthenational,subnational,andlocallevels.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE53IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.UP.2.2.PromotesustainabledevelopmentpracticesinurbanplanningCurrentstatus:Minimalplanningforaccesstoservices,andformixed-useandtransit-orienteddevelopment(TOD).By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonMostnewurbanplansincludeTODprinciplesandvoluntarymixed-use(e.g.residential,commercial)forlargedevelopments.AllurbanplansincludeTODprinciplesandmandatorymixed-useplanningforlargedevelopments.EfficienturbanspaceplanningandTODarefullyintegratedintoallplanningdecisions.Near-termrecommendationstosupportlow-carbonurbaninfrastructureandconstructionPromoteamixoffinancialandnon-financialincentivesforlow-carboninfrastructureandconstructionNon-financialincentives.Co-ordinatecityplanningdivisionstoexploreandadoptnon-financialincentivesfornewdevelopmentapplications,includingexpediteddevelopmentreviewandapproval,feereductions,densitybonusesanddevelopmentallowances.Non-financialincentivesaretypicallyused“topromoteprivatesectorparticipationandsocialacceptanceofsustainableandenergy-efficientconstructionprojects”through,forexample,reducingtimeforadministrativeprocedures,simplifyingconstructionprocessesandofferingprojectbonusesaswellasincentives,recognitionsandmarkettools(PEEB,2021).Financialincentives:Financialincentivescanbeofferedsuchasgrants,specificloanschemes,taxrebates,feerefundsandcontrolcapsputinplacetoencouragedevelopmentthatisinlinewiththeaimofreachingzero-carbon,efficientandresilientbuildingsandcities.PromotesustainabledevelopmentpracticesinurbanplanningandinfrastructureDistrictenergyplanning.Encouragelocalgovernmentstoapplyasystemicapproachthroughintegratedplanningofbothenergydemandandsupplyatthedistrictleveltodelivermoreefficientandlow-carbonsolutions,inlinewiththe“energyefficiencyfirst”principle.Focusonlinkingnewhigh-densitydevelopmentintonewdistrictutilitiesforcoolingandrenewableelectricitysystemsandincreasingsupplyoptionsinexistingdenseurbanenvironments.Transportandtransit-orienteddevelopment.EncouragelocalgovernmentstoimplementTODintheircity’sactionsoncompacturbanformandmixedlanduseincombinationwithpublictransportinfrastructure,safeactivemobilityinfrastructureandincreasedwalkability.Smarttechnologydeployment.Encouragelocalgovernmentstodeploysmartcitytechnologiestoincreasethecollectionofdata.Incentivisedevelopmentofsmartenergygridsincitiestoensurethatenergysystemsareoperatinginanoptimalway,withinefficienciesandfaultsquicklyidentifiedandaddressed.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE54IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Enforcementofspatialplans.Incorporateintothenationalbuildingregulationaprocessforenforcementofspatialplansandconstructionsitereviewsthatrequireson-siteinspectionstoensurethattheactualconstructioncorrespondstotheapproveddesignfeatures.ExamplesSingaporeLandTransportMasterPlan:AleaderinTOD,Singapore’sLandTransportMasterPlanincludestargetsfor80%ofresidentsby2030tolivewithina10-minutewalkingradiusofatrainstationandfor75%ofpeak-hourtripstobemadebypublictransport.AnimportantdimensionofSingapore’surbandesignprinciplesisastrongfocusonoverallwalkabilitythroughadensepedestriannetwork,whichincludescoveredwalkways,through-blocklinksandconnectionswhichlinkupperandbasementlevels.Importantly,Singapore’sadoptionofTODincludestheprovisionofaffordablepublichousinginwell-connectedareas.IskandarMalaysiaBusRapidTransit:IskandarinJohorState,Malaysiapilotedtheuseoflow-carbonelectricbusfleetsconnectedtotheRapidTransitSystem(IskandarRapidTransit),SenaiInternationalAirport,LarkinSentral,Gemas-JohorBaruelectrifieddouble-trackingprojectandferryservicesatStulangLautandIskandarPuteri.Stationswillbeplannedtoincorporatesolarpowerandwillhavededicatedlanestoreducetraveltime,whichhasoftenbeenthestigmaofpublictransportation.NewClarkCity,Philippines:TheprojecttocreateNewClarkCitywasapprovedin2014withagrandplantotransforma9,450-hectaresiteintoaplannedmetropoliswithGardenCitydesignprinciples.Dividedintophases,alldevelopmentisbeingmanagedandsupervisedbytheBasesConversionandDevelopmentAuthority.Thefirstphaseisexpectedtobedeliveredin2022.Mostofthecitywillbeapreservedareaforpublicgreenspaces,makingitoneofthelargestpublicparksinthePhilippines,limiting3,500hectaresoflandtoresidentialandcommercialbuildingsaswellasgovernmentoffices.KhonKaenMunicipality,Thailand:ThisisbeingimplementedundertheAPECLow-CarbonModelTown(LCMT)ProjectDisseminationPhase3.Thedistrictof46km2hasapopulationof120000.Amongtheinitiativesarestrategiesforgreenspace,energysavingandsustainabledevelopment,whichresultedinsome30000tonnesofCO2reductionin2018.Additionaldevelopmentplanningincludesan“energymanagementsystemwithelectricvehicles,buses,LRT(lightrailtransit),smarthouses,cleanenergysourcessuchassolar,hydro,naturalgasandnearzeroenergybuildings”(APECEnergyWorkingGroup,2020).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE55IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.UP.3:Expandcapacitytodeliverlow-carbonurbandevelopmentUP.3.1.ExpandsustainableurbandevelopmenttrainingandcapacityCurrentstatus:Currentinstitutionalcapacityforlow-carbonandsustainableurbandevelopmentislimitedamongnational,subnationalandlocalgovernments.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonSupportcreationand/oruptakeoftrainingprogrammesonsustainableurbanplanningforgovernmentofficialsintherelevantdepartmentsatthenational,subnationalandlocallevels.Officialstrainedinsustainableurbanplanningareemployedbythegovernmentatthenational,subnationalandlocallevelsinallAMS.Theseofficialsareactivelydevelopingsustainableurbanprojectsandaccessingfinancingfortheirimplementation.AllAMShavededicatedandhighlyqualifiedteamsworkingonsustainableurbanpoliciesandprojectsatthenational,subnationalandlocallevelswhichincorporaterelatedprinciplesintoallnewdevelopmentactivitiesinsupportofthenetzero-carbongoal.UP.3.2.IncreaseavailabilityofdataonbuiltenvironmentCurrentstatus:Limiteddatacollectionandmonitoringofenergy,wateruse,wasteandenvironmentalinfrastructure.Limitedutilisationofdigitaltoolsfordatacollectionandmonitoringofurbandevelopmentandlanduse.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonEstablishnationaldatacollectionframeworkonbuildingstockandbuildingenergyusewiththefocusonutilisationofdigitaltoolsandperformancemetricsfordevelopmentandmonitoringofpublicenvironmentalassets(energy,wateruse,waste,emissions).Developguidanceforimplementationoftheframeworkatthesubnationalandlocallevels.Establishopenaccessmonitoringnetworksandbenchmarksfordataonbuildingstock,energy,wateruse,waste,emissions,andenvironmentalinfrastructure.Widespreaduseofdigitaltoolstoefficientlycollectdataonbuildingstock,energy,wateruse,waste,emissions,andenvironmentalinfrastructure,withbenchmarksforperformanceassessmentatthenational,subnationalandlocallevels.Near-termrecommendationstosupportlow-carbondevelopmentcapacitybuildingExpansionofsustainableurbandevelopmenttrainingandcapacityTrainingwithingovernment:Providetrainingontheintegrationofsustainableurbanplanningstrategiesacrossallrelevantdepartmentsandlevelsofgovernment,includingthoseresponsibleforspatialplanning,zoningregulationsRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE56IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.andprocuringandmanagingservicessuchaswasteandwatermanagement.Buildcapacityincollectingandusingdatatoinformpoliciesandurbanplans.Providetrainingonhowtoworkincollaborationacrossstakeholdergroupsincludinggovernmentalandnon-governmentalactors.Trainingprofessionalsacrossterritorialscalesanddisciplines:Buildcapacityandawarenessamongserviceproviders,includingurbanplannersanddesigners,aswellastechnologyprovidersaboutthebroaderframeworkofUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),andtheimplicationsforurbanplanningsolutions.Thiswillbeimportanttoensureco-ordinationandsharedgoalsamongrelevantgovernmentandnon-governmentorganisationsforbetterimplementationandenforcementofurbanplanningpolicies.IncreaseavailabilityofdataonthebuiltenvironmentDatamanagementtools.Supporttheincreaseduseofrelevanttoolsthatallowthetreatmentofdataandinformation,suchasgeographicinformationsystem(GIS)mapping,buildinginformationmodelling,satelliteimages,costdata,benefitsanalysisandlifecycleanalysistomakeinformation-baseddecisionsintheurbanplanningprocess.Applicationsincludeamongothers:automatedstreetlights,buildingmanagementsystems,electricgridcontrolsandsensors,andoptimisedtrafficandtransitsolutions.Guidanceforotherlevelsofgovernance.Developguidanceandincentivesforsubnationalandlocalgovernmentsonhowtodevelopdatacollectionsystemsandframeworksonbuildingstock,energy,wateruseandenvironmentalinfrastructure.Providerecommendationsonhowthesesystemscouldbealignedwiththenationaldatarequirementsinordertoestablishbenchmarksforperformanceassessmentandensureeffectivemonitoringprocessesatthelocallevelsthatcouldbeaggregatedandconsolidatedintothenationaldatamanagementsystem.ExamplesDaNangCityLab:In2010,thepartnershipbetweenthecityofDaNang,VietNamandtheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram(UNDP)began,withsupportrangingfrompublicadministrationreformtothe“Chatbot”initiativetoprovidecitizenswithreal-timeinformationsuchasfloodfeedback.In2019,DaNangsetatargettobecomeagreen,resilientandsmartcityby2045,basedontheUNDPAcceleratorLaboratories.Calledthe“CityLab”,itaimstorethinkthecity'sdevelopmentforthe21stcentury.Singapore’sdigitaltwin:VirtualSingapore,isa“virtual3Dcopyofthecitystate.ItisamodelthatintegratesGISdatawithbuildingsinformation,modellingdatatoreplicatethecity’sinfrastructure,transportsystemsandbuildings.Inadditiontoprovidingstaticinformationlikeanyothermap,VirtualSingaporeisupdatedwithdynamicreal-timedata,ontrafficandclimateforexample.Thedigitaltwinsupportscitystakeholdersintheirdecision-makingondiverseoperations.Simulationsofemergenciescanbecarriedouttooptimiseevacuationroutes.Givenitsdensepopulationandbuiltenvironment,SingaporecanmakeuseoftheRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE57IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.tooltooptimisetheplanningofnewinfrastructure–theauthoritiesfortheYuhuaareainJurongEast,Singaporearealreadyexploitingtheopportunitytoinvestigatebuildinganewbridgeinabusyareaofthecity”(IEA,2021a).TrackingProgressIndicatorsareanimportanttoolforunderstandingthechangesinconditionsthataffectwhetherprogresstowardsatargetofnetzero-carbonbuildingsandconstructionisbeingmade.Forurbanplanning,indicatorsthattrackthepresenceandchangesinpoliciesthatdrivedevelopment,alongwiththosedevelopmentactivitiesandtheirfeatures,arevitaltounderstandingwhethernewandexistingurbanformsarecontributingtothetransition.Potentialindicatorsfortrackingprogressatanationalscalemayinclude:[UP.1.1]Presenceof/Numberofmultilevelgovernancestrategiescoveringzero/low-carbondevelopmentadoptedbyjurisdiction(e.g.city-state,city-state-national,state-nationalandcity-national).[UP.1.2]Presenceof/Numberofmultisectoralsustainablecitymasterplansorcitysustainabilitystrategies.Mayincludeintegratedurbanplansacrosstransport,buildings,energy,water,waste,environmentandclimateresilience.[UP.2.1]Presenceof/Typeofnon-financialincentivesforlow-carbondevelopmentconstruction.[UP.2.1]Presenceof/Typeof/Amountcommittedtofinancialincentivesforlow-carbondevelopmentconstruction.[UP.2.2]Presenceof/Numberofcitieswithplanssupportingtransit-orienteddevelopment.[UP.2.2]Proportionofpopulationlivinginnetzeroneighbourhoods/communities.[UP.3.1]Presenceof/Numberoftrainingprogrammesandmodulesforgovernmentandcityofficialsonsustainableandlow-carbonurbandevelopmentprinciplesandpractices.[UP.3.2]Presenceof/Numberofcitiesusingdatamanagementtoolsforurbanplanning.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE58IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ActionArea2:NewbuildingsIntroductionThissectionaddressesmeasurestoreducetheoperationalenergy,andconsequently,operationalcarboninnewbuildings,recognisingthatthedesignstageiswherethegreatestopportunitiesforsavingslie.Integratedpoliciesfornewbuildingscanavoidlockinginemissionsfrominefficientbuildingsformultipledecades.Fullydecarbonisingbuildingsovertheirwholelifecyclewillalsorequiremeasurestoreducetheembodiedcarbonofmaterials,addressedin“Activity4:Materials”,andmeasurestoincreasetheshareandintegrationofrenewableenergy,asdescribedin“ActionArea6:SustainableEnergy”.Strategiestoreduceenergydemandandimprovethermalcomfortinbuildingsinahotclimateinclude:optimisingbuildingformandorientationtolimitheatgainsreducingtheareaofglazing(orwalltowindowratio)andoptimisingairflowthroughopenings(suchaswindows)providingexternalandmovableshadingtoreducedirectsunlightandheatgainsselectingmaterialswithhighthermalresistance(i.e.providinginsulation)forwallsandroofsprovidingreflectivesurfacefinishestowallsandroofs.Otherstrategiesmayberequireddependingonthespecificclimate(humidity,seasonalanddiurnaltemperaturedifferences,etc.).Someofthesemeasurescouldbeincludedinprescriptiveorperformance-basedbuildingcodes,whileintegrateddesign10aimstoaddressthemultipledisciplinesinvolvedinbuildingdesigntomakethemostofsynergiesbetweenthearchitectureandactivebuildingsystems.Integrateddesignalsoensuresthatthedesignstrategyisadaptedtothespecificbuildinglocationanduse(IEA,2013).Thefollowingvisionsetsoutthelong-termaspirationtowardswhatcouldbeachievedacrossASEANintheconstructionofnewbuildings.VisionforNewBuildingsNewbuildingsaredesignedtobecomfortable,affordableandlow-carbon,resultinginhigherlevelsofthermalcomfortandenergyefficiency.10Integrateddesignisaninterdisciplinaryapproachthatfocusesonbringingtogethermultiplestakeholdersinacollaborativedesignanddevelopmentapproach.Itaimstofindoptimalsolutionsacrossstakeholders.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE59IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CurrentcontextAsiawillseeaconsiderableriseinfloorarea,withanadditional65%offloorareatobebuiltbetween2020and2050,amountingtomorethan70billionm2withinASEAN,ChinaandIndia(IEA,2017).Themajorityofthegrowthwilloccurintheresidentialsectorduetopopulationgrowthandincreasingincomeandtheincreaseinapplianceownershipandnumberofhouseholds(GlobalABC/IEA/UNEP,2020).Whileairconditionerownershiplevelsarestillverylow,hightemperaturesandhumiditycombinedwithrisingincomesaredrivinganincreaseinspacecoolingdemand,posingriskstotheenergysystem,whichisstillparticularlycarbonintensive.Asshowninthefigurebelowfromthe6thASEANEnergyOutlook,2017-2040(AEO6)(Ace&GIZ,2020),whileBruneiDarussalam,MalaysiaandSingaporeareexpectedtomaintainhighratesofACownership,asignificantshareoftheASEANpopulationisstillexpectedtorelyonpassiveandmixedsolutionslikefansforthermalcomfort.Buildingefficiencythereforebecomesakeypillartoreduceheatstressinthiscontext,whilecontributingtoreducingoveralldemandforcoolinginairconditionedhomes.PotentialevolutionofpenetrationratesofairconditionersinASEANhouseholdsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Source:6thASEANEnergyOutlook.Overall,thereremainsalackofmandatorybuildingenergycodesforallbuildingtypes,newandexisting,acrosstheregion.OnlySingaporehasamandatorybuildingenergycodecoveringboththeresidentialandnon-residentialsectors.Manyothercountrieshavevoluntarycodes,ormandatorycodesforpartofthesector,oronlytargetverylargebuildingareas.SeveralothercountriesarestillinRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE60IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.developmentphasesofbuildingcodesandstandards.However,regulatingtheconstructionindustryinsomejurisdictionsmaybelimitedand/orcodesarepoorlyenforced.Thegreenbuildingcertificationmarketisgrowingacrosstheregion,withseveralnationalandinternationalgreencertificationandratingprogrammesinuse,manyofwhicharelinkedtofinancialincentives.Further,insomejurisdictionswhiletheremaybefederallawstoimposecertainbuildingdesignimprovements,therearecountrieswherethefederalandstate/provincedividemakesenforcementofbuildingenergycodeschallenging.Thereisprogressbeingmadetowardsaregionalzero-carbonstandard.Forexample,thenewZeroEnergyBuilding(ZEB)categoryhasbeenrecentlyaddedtotheEnergy-efficientBuildingcategoryoftheASEANEnergyAwards,andprovidesaplatformforrefiningthedefinitionsforZEB-ready,near-ZEBandNet-ZEBbuildings.Thiscategorisationcouldbeusedtoformthebasisofaregionallyrecognisedstandard.CurrentstatusofpoliciesfornewbuildingsCountryEnergycodesLabelling/CertificationIncentivesBruneiDarussalamMinistryofDevelopmentPBD12:2017,withinputfromthePublicWorksDepartment,TownandCountryPlanningDepartment,MinistryofHealth,FireandRescueDepartment,MinistryofHomeAffairs.EE&CGuidelines:thetargettoreduceenergyintensityby45%by2035with2015baselinethroughbuildingguidelinesfornon-residentialsectoramongothermeasuresBruneiAccreditedGreenUnifiedSealcertification,mandatoryforgovernmentbuildings.Extensiontocommercialbuildings(underdevelopment).CambodiaMinistryofDevelopmentwithCambodiaMinistryofEnergyandIndustrylaunchedtheConstructionLawinNovember2019whichdeterminestheguidingprinciplesfortheregulatoryframeworkoftheconstructionsector.Thedevelopmentoftechnicalbuildingregulationswillfollowinthecomingyears.11CAMEELcertification:greencertificationforalltypesofbuildingsandallphases.EnergyServicesCompany(ESCO)Model(indevelopment):topromotefinancialincentivesforsmallandmediumESCOs.11EnergyEfficiencyandConservationMasterPlanofCambodia(CambodiaMinistryofMinesandEnergyandEconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia,2020).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE61IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountryEnergycodesLabelling/CertificationIncentivesIndonesiaGovernmentRegulationNo.36/2005:mandatoryfornewbuildingsabove5000m²(commercial)and500m²(residential),butnotstrictlyenforced.GovernmentRegulationNo.16/2021onBuildingsdefinesthefunctionandclassificationofbuildings,technicalstandards,buildingimplementation,administrativesanctions,theroleofcommunityandcapacitybuilding.GovernmentRegulationNo.21/2021ontheAssessmentofGreenBuildingPerformancewithmandatoryenergyefficiencyfordefinedbuildingtypes.NationalEnergyEfficiencyStandardforBuildings(updated2020):coveringenergyconservationmeasuresforbuildingenvelope,airconditioningsystem,lightingsystemandenergyauditproceduresforbuildings(SNI6389:2020).LocalBuildingenergycodesaremandatoryinJakarta,BandungandSemarang,indevelopmentinSurabaya.GREENSHIPcertification:RatingsystemforbuildingsdevelopedbytheGreenBuildingCouncilofIndonesia.IndonesianFinanceinstrument(GreenBondsandGreensukuk):Inforceuntil2023,thefinanceinstrumentcoversthesectorsofenergybuildings,transport,waterandwatermanagement,landuseandadaptation.LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublicProposalstodeveloppoliciesforbuildingcodescoveringfabric,heating/coolingsystemsandlightingandappliances(Indevelopment).MalaysiaCodeofPracticeUseofEnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergyforBuildings:Voluntaryforresidential(MS2680)andnon-residential(MS1525).Voluntarystandardsforresidential,Mandatoryfornon-residential(forthose>4000m2)12NationalBuildingEnergyLabel(non-residential).Multiplecertifications13(Voluntary)Severalsustainablebuildingcertifications(GreenBuildings/SustainableEnergyLowCarbonBuildings/ZeroEnergyBuildings).12MS1525/2014(MalaysiaDepartmentofStandards,2014).13PHJKRbyPWDin2012;GreenPASSbyCIDBin2012;MyCREST;GreenBuildingIndex(GBI),byprivatesector.GreenRealEstate(GreenRE).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE62IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountryEnergycodesLabelling/CertificationIncentivesMyanmarIndevelopment,asaGreenBuildingchapterinMyanmarNationalBuildingCode(MNBC).14Adoptedonvoluntarybasisbyonecity(Yangon),EE&CGuidelinesbeingdevelopedbytheMinistryofInformation.PhilippinesPhilippinesGreenBuildingCode(mandatory):seekstoimprovetheefficiencyofbuildingperformancethroughaframeworkofstandards.15PhilippinesBuildingforEcologicallyResponsiveDesignExcellenceProgram(BERDE):greenbuildingratingsystem.SingaporeCodeforEnvironmentalSustainabilityofBuildings3rdEdition(2012)-Mandatoryforallsectors.GreenMark(GM):voluntarybuildingratingtool.Multipleincentives(capitalfunding,loan,technicalassistance,creditguarantee,ESCOsandcashincentives).ThailandBuildingEnergyCode(BEC)fornewbuildings;Mandatoryforninetypesofbuildingswitharealargerthan2000m2.MinisterialRegulationPrescribingTypeorSizeofBuildingandStandard,CriteriaandProcedureinDesigningBuildingforEnergyConservationB.E.2563(2020).LEED(LeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign),TREES(ThailandRatingofEnergyandEnvironmentalSustainability),BECAwards,GreeningThailand’sGovernmentBuildings,whichincludegreenbuildinglabellingschemeforgovernmentbuildings.DirectSubsidySoftLoan(EnergyConservationFund)Efficientbuildingsareeligibleforhigherfloorarearatio(FAR)fromDepartmentofPublicWorksandTown&CountryPlanning.VietNamTheVietnamEnergyEfficiencyBuildingCode(QCVN09:2013/BXD)developedasthenationaltechnicalguideonenergyefficiencyforbuildings.EnergyEfficiencyBuildingCode(EEBC)developedin2013.Voluntaryforlargebuildings(allsectors).Developmentforhighrise,commercialandresidentialbuildingsongoing.ThevoluntarygreenratingtoolLOTUSwasformedbytheVietnamGreenBuildingCouncil(VGBC)in2010basedonvariousinternationalgreenbuildingratingsystems.LOTUSaimstopromotegreenbuildingstandardsbeyondenergyefficiencythatarespecifictoVietnam.OthercommonstandardsincludeLEED,EDGE(ExcellenceinDesignforGreaterEfficiencies).Incentivesindevelopmentforscienceandtechnologyresearchanddevelopment,andproductionandconsumptionofgreen/eco-products.ASEANZEBcategoryintheASEANEnergyAwardsNote:Blankareasofthetableindicatethatnorelevantinformationwasfoundduringdatacollection.14Myanmarbuildingcodedevelopmentplan(UNESCAP,2017).15PhilippinesGreenBuildingCode(PhilippinesDepartmentofPublicWorksandHighways,2015)and(PhilippinesDepartmentofEnergy,2020).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE63IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofstrategyfornewbuildingsSummaryofmilestonesfornewbuildingstowardsnetzero-carbonIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ThefigurebelowsummarisestheRoadmap’sstrategyforadvancingenergyefficiencyandthedecarbonisationofnewbuildingsinASEANincludesthreekeyactionsintheareaofNewBuildings(NB):1.Strengthentheadoptionofandcompliancewithmandatorybuildingenergycodes.2.Boostmarketdemandforefficient,low-carbonbuildings.3.Boostcapacityfordeliveryofefficient,low-carbonbuildings.WithintheseActionstheRoadmapsuggestseightActivities(e.g.NB.1.1,NB2.2,etc.)relatedtonewbuildings.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE64IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryoftheRoadmapstrategyforNewBuildingsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Asmulti-stakeholdercollaborationisoneoftheoverarchingprinciplesofthisRoadmap,itisimportanttoconsiderwhichstakeholdergroupscouldbeinvolvedinthedeliveryofeachactivity.VariousstakeholdergroupsshouldbeinvolvedintheactivitiesundertheNewBuildingsactionareainordertoensuretheireffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE65IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.StakeholdermappingforNewBuildingsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ofappliancesandmaterials.Includesproducttestersandcertifiers.includingacademia,non-governmentalorganisations,researchinstitutions,socialnetworksandcommunityassociations.Note:Thedarkerthecolour,thehighertheimportanceofthatstakeholdergroupfortheactivityandthemoreessentialthegroupisfortheactivity’seffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE66IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Actions,ActivitiesandTimelinesNB.1:StrengthentheadoptionofandcompliancewithmandatorybuildingenergycodesNB.1.1IncreasestrengthandcoverageofbuildingenergycodesCurrentstatus:AcrossASEAN,onlySingaporehasmandatorybuildingenergycodes(BECs)coveringallsectors(residential,commercialandpublic).SomeAMShavevoluntaryormandatorycodesforcertainpartsofthesector(oftenforbuildingswiththefloorareaaboveacertainthreshold),andinothers,buildingenergycodes(BECs)arestillunderdevelopment.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllAMShavemandatoryBECscoveringallsectors.NationalgovernmentsprovideguidancetosubnationalandlocalgovernmentsonimplementationofBECs.MostAMShavenationalstandardsfornetzero-carbonbuildings.AllAMSincluderequirementsforembodiedcarbon,urbanplanning,resilienceandcleanenergyintheirBECs,atleastfornewbuildings.NationalgovernmentsprovideguidancetosubnationalandlocalgovernmentsonimplementationofBECsandtheserequirements.AllAMShavestandardsfornetzero-carbonbuildingsatthenationalandsubnationallevels.AllAMS,subnationalandlocaljurisdictionshaveadoptednetzero-carboncompatibleBECs.NB.1.2StrengthenimplementationcapacityforbuildingenergycodesCurrentstatus:LowimplementationcapacityforBECsatthenationalandlocallevelsisabarriertoadoptionandenforcementofmandatoryBECs.LowadoptionofvoluntarystandardsacrossmanyAMS.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonToolsdevelopedtofacilitatecompliancecheckingandimplementationofBECsatthesubnationalandlocallevels.TrainingprogrammesonBECsimplementationandcompliancearerolledoutfornational,subnationalandlocalgovernmentalofficials.Mostsubnationaljurisdictionsadoptmandatorybuildingcodeforpublicbuildings.Continuationofcapacitybuildingandaccreditationprogrammestosupporttheroll-outofBECs.AllsubnationaljurisdictionsadoptmandatoryBECsforpublicbuildings.Mostlocal/municipaljurisdictionsimplementlocalBECsinlinewiththenationalguidanceandrequirements.Ongoingcapacitybuildingatalllevelsofgovernanceandimplementationchain.FullenforcementandcompliancewithBECsacrossallsubnationalandlocaljurisdictions.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE67IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Near-termrecommendationstosupporttheadoptionofmandatorybuildingenergycodesIncreasestrengthandcoverageofbuildingenergycodesWhereexistingBECsarevoluntary,considertransitiontomandatoryones.IntegrateBECsand/orenergyefficiencyandconservationguidelinesintonationalbuildingtechnicalregulations.WhereBECsexistbutapplyonlytolargebuildings,considerreducingthequalifyingfloorareathresholdtoincreasethenumberofbuildingstowhichthecodeapplies.WhereBECsexist,butonlyapplytocertaintypesofbuildings,considerexpandingBEC’sscopetoincludeadditionalbuildingtypes.IncorporateintoBECsclearminimalenergyefficiencyandthermalperformancestandardsthatcanbegraduallystrengthenedwithaspirationstowardsachievingnetzero-carbonbuildingperformanceduringtheperiodbetween2030and2040,withregularrevisionsandincreasingtheambitionevery3-5years.SetBECsorrefertoguidelinesforlocallyadaptedbioclimaticdesignprinciples,andincreasinglyincorporateclimateresilienceandcriteriaforlocally-sourced,bio-sourcedand/orlowembodiedcarbonmaterials.Developastandardfordefiningnetzero-carbonbuildings,andgraduallyclosethegapbetweenmandatorypoliciesandthisstandard.ThisprocesscanbuildontheworkundertakeninthenewZeroEnergyBuildingcategoryoftheASEANEnergyAwards.ProvideclearguidanceontheimplementationofBECs,aswellastheenforcementstrategyatthesubnationalandlocallevels,whichcouldincludecompliancecheckingmechanisms,developingorstrengtheningdigitalplatformstofacilitatecompliancechecking,monitoringandevaluation,aswellasincentives(e.g.awards,recognition,etc.)forsubnationalandlocalgovernments,aswellasdevelopers,togobeyondtherequirementsofthenationalBECs.StrengthenimplementationcapacityforbuildingenergycodesProvidetrainingprogrammesfornational,subnationalandlocalgovernmentalofficialsonimplementationofBECs,including:Howtocollaborateacrossmultiplestakeholdergroups,includinghowtomeasureandcommunicatethemultiplebenefitsofzero-carbon,energy-efficientandresilientbuildings.Thiswillrequiredatacollectionandanalysisontheoutcomesofpoliciesandprogrammes.Howtoimplementandmonitorpolicies,throughthedevelopmentoftools,checklistsanddatabases.Howtoestablishinter-ministryandmultistakeholdersupporttoenabledeploymentofrenewableenergytooffsetbuildingenergyuse.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE68IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Developpoliciesthatensurethatallnewgovernmentbuildingsarelow-emissionandefficient.Developandimplementdemonstrationorpilotprojectsonenergyefficiencystartingfrompublicbuildingstoillustratebestpracticesandleadbyexample.ExamplesSingapore’ssuperlowenergy(SLE)buildingprogramme:Singapore’sSLEprogrammewaslaunchedin2018andmarksSingapore’spushtowardsthenextstepinitsgreenbuildingjourney(SingaporeBCA,2018).TheSLEbuildingprogrammeintendstofurtherimproveenergyefficiencyinbuildings,andtoincreasetheuseofon-siteandoffsiterenewableenergyandotherintelligentenergymanagementstrategies.SLEbuildingsinSingaporeachieveenergysavingsatleast60%abovethe2005buildingcodelevels.Tomeetthisobjective,theSingaporegovernmenthaspublishedanSLEtechnologyroadmapandmadetheresearchanddatafromtheGreenBuildingsInnovationClusteravailabletothepublicthroughtheSLEBSmartHub.GiventhelandareaconstraintsofSingapore,thedeploymentofrenewablesisachallenge.Theemphasisisthereforeonresearchanddeploymentofinnovativecoolingtechnologiestoreachzeroenergyforbuildings.Cambodia’sdatacollectionexerciseforpolicydesign:“In2016,theMinistryofIndustry,MinesandEnergyofCambodiapublishedthefirstofficialenergystatisticsinCambodiatocontributetotheformulationofappropriateenergypoliciesrelatedtoenergyefficiencyandbuildingenergycodes,aswellasthegreenbuildingratingtooloftheMinistry.Theenergystatisticsidentifyandexploreareasforenergyefficiencyimprovements”inbuildingscoveredbybenchmarkingrequirements,andaimtosupportthedevelopmentofenergyefficiencystrategiesinCambodia.“Theenergystatisticsalsopresentandforecasttheprimaryenergysupplyandfinalenergyconsumptionbysectorandtheenergybalanceuntiltheyear2035,amongothers.Priortothis,therewerenoofficialstatisticsinCambodia;hencethesestatisticsareimportantinestimatingandmonitoringenergyconsumptionandplanningforfutureenergyuse”(AGEP,2018).NetZeroSchoolGuidelinesdeliveredtotheIndonesianGovernment:GBC(GreenBuildingCouncil)Indonesia,incollaborationwiththeJakartaProvincialGovernmentEducationOfficedevelopedtheGuidelinesforNetZeroEnergySchoolsinJanuary2021inconnectionwiththeNetZeroPilotProjectfortherebuildingofschoolsandgovernmenthousingprojects.TheGuidelinesconsistofBasicCriteriaandPrerequisitesforthebuildingofNetZeroHealthySchoolswhichcanbeusedinthetenderprocessforrebuildingschools(GBCIndonesia,2021[translatedfromBahasaIndonesia]).GBCIndonesiaCollaborationwithGBPNforBuildingsSectorDecarbonisationinIndonesia:GreenBuildingCouncilIndonesia(GBCIndonesia)incollaborationwiththeGlobalBuildingPerformanceNetwork(GBPN)launchedeffortstodecarbonisethebuildingssectorinIndonesia.ThiscollaborationwillsupportGBCIndonesia’scommitmenttotheWorldGreenBuildingCouncilRoadmapanditsRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE69IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.NetZero-CarbonBuildingsCommitment,whichtargetsallnewbuildingsintheworldtooperateatthenetzerolevelby2030,andallbuildingsintheworldby2050.Prototypeoflow-carbonapartmentsinthehot-humidclimatesofIndonesia:In2016-2020,theMinistryofPublicWorksandHousingconductedresearchanddevelopmentwiththeaimtoestablishthestandardforenergy-efficientapartmentbuildings.Aprototypeofanenergy-efficientapartmentbuildingwasconstructedintheCityofTegal,CentralJava.Itincorporatedbothactiveandpassivedesignconsideringlocalclimaticconditions.Itisexpectedthatbyusingthishybridtechnique,theenergyconsumptioncanbereducedby40%peryear.Thisprojecthasbeenextendedto2026,targetingaffordableapartmentsforlow-incomepeople.Thecurrentprototypeoftheapartmentswillrelyfullyonpassivetechniquesandprojectionsforthermalcomfortrequirements.AdaptivethermalcomfortfortropicalIndonesiainthefaceofawarmingclimateisbeingexplored(Kataoka,etal.2019).Lifecycleenergyandlifecyclecarbonassessmentswillbeappliedtoidentifytheoptimumdesignforlow-carbonapartments.Theresultsoftheprojectwillinformthedevelopmentofalow-carbonapartmentstandard.ItisalsoexpectedthatnewlyconstructedapartmentbuildingsinIndonesia,bothpublicandprivate,willusethisstandardasaguideline.Thailand’sStrengthenedBuildingEnergyCode(BEC):ThenewMinisterialRegulationPrescribingTypeorSizeofBuildingandStandard,CriteriaandProceduresinDesigningBuildingforEnergyConservation,B.E.2563wasadoptedin2020.TheBECrequiresthatneworretrofitbuildingswithafloorarealargerthan2000m2musthavetheirdesignsapprovedpriortoconstructionorrenovation.TheBECcoversninebuildingtypes:hospitals,condominiums,hotels,academicinstitutes,exhibitionbuildings,entertainmentservices,offices,theatresanddepartmentstores.InaccordancewiththeBEC,buildingsunderthesecriteriamustbedesignedtomeettheMinisterialRegulationsstandardsspecifiedtoachieveenergyconservation,including:1.Buildingenvelopepropertiessuchasoverallthermaltransfervalueandroofthermaltransfervalue;2.lightingsystem;3.airconditioningsystem;4.hotwatergeneratingsystem;5.renewableenergyutilisation;and6.wholebuildingperformance.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE70IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.NB.2:Boostmarketdemandforefficient,low-carbonbuildingsNB.2.1IncreaseadoptionofbuildingenergycertificationandlabellingCurrentstatus:Thegreenbuildingcertificationmarketisgrowing,with8outof10AMShavingimplementedtheirownratingsystems:Brunei(BAGUS),Cambodia(CAMEEL),Indonesia(PermenPUPR21/2021,GREENSHIP),Malaysia(multiple),Philippines(GREEN),Singapore(GreenMark),Thailand(TEEAM)andVietNam(LOTUS).Notallcertificationschemesincluderequirementsforenergyefficiency.Insomecases,incentivesareavailableandlinkedtothesecertificationprogrammes.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllAMShaveimplementedbuildingratingandcertificationsystems,alignedwithrequirementsfornetzero-carbon.Incentivesforachievinghigherlevelsofbuildingenergyperformanceareavailableatthenational,subnationalandlocallevels.LargeandpublicbuildingsinallAMSrequiremandatorybuildingenergyefficiencylabelling.Shareofcertifiedandlabelledbuildingswithhighlevelsofenergyperformanceaccordingtoadoptedcertificationschemesreaches25%ofthebuildingsinASEAN.Allcertificationschemesincludetargetsandrequirementstoreduceembodiedcarbonfrombuildingconstruction.Shareofcertifiedandlabelledbuildingswithhighlevelsofenergyperformanceaccordingtoadoptedcertificationschemesreachesatleast90%ofthebuildingsinASEAN.AllcertificationandratingsystemsintheAMSarealignedwithnetzero-carbonbuildingrequirements.NB.2.2Enhanceawarenessofconsumersandprivatesectoronthebenefitsoflow-carbonbuildingsCurrentstatus:Significantregionalvariationinawarenessofbenefitsoflow-energyandnetzero-carbonbuildingsandavailabletools,althoughseveralexcellentexamplesoflow-carbonbuildingsexist.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonIncreasedgeneralawarenessofthebenefitsoflow-carbonbuildings,basedoncollectedevidencefrompilots.Increasedawarenessofbuildingdesignersanddevelopersregardingcost-effectivetechnologiesanddesignsfornetzero-carbonbuildings.Growingbodyofevidenceonthemultiplebenefitsofefficientandlow-carbonbuildings,atalllevelsofsocietyandtheeconomy.Multiplebenefitsofefficientandlow-carbonbuildingsarewell-understoodbyvariousstakeholdersintheAMSandareincorporatedintothepolicydevelopmentprocesses.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE71IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.NB.2.3.Facilitateaccesstofinanceanddevelopmentofbusinessmodelsforlow-carbonbuildingsCurrentstatus:Regionalvariationinavailabilityofdedicatedfinancialproductsthatprovidefavourabletermsforenergy-efficientbuildings.Lowlevelofawarenessandadoptionoffinancialandbusinessmodelsonenergyefficiencyinbuildings.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonDedicatedloansavailableinallAMSforthepurchaseofnewlycertifiedorlabelledbuildings,withincreasinglyfavourabletermsuponachievementofhigherrating.SomeAMSattempttolinkbuildingenergycertificationschemestogreenmortgageandgreenbondsprogrammesandsupportlowerinterestratesforhigherperformingbuildings.Financialprogrammesforenergyefficiencyandlow-carbonbuildingsarewidelyavailableandwell-understoodbydevelopersandconsumersintheAMS.AllAMShavelinkedbuildingenergycertificationschemestogreenmortgageandgreenbondsprogrammes,andsupportlowerinterestratesforhigherperformingbuildings.Existingfinancialprogrammesaredrivingawideuptakeofenergy-efficientandlow-carbonbuildingsintheAMS.Near-termrecommendationstoboostdemandforenergy-efficientbuildingsIncreaseadoptionofgreenandenergybuildingcertificationandlabellingDevelopnewandexpandexistingbuildingcertificationschemesandsupportcreationoflocalisedratingtoolsonenergyandcarbonperformanceofbuildingstobeadoptedintheASEANregion,suchastheASEANEnergyManagementScheme(AEMAS)buildinggoldcertificationandratingsystem.Requireregularassessments(every3-5years)ofbuildingenergyandcarbonperformanceandrelatedupdatesofbuildinglabels.Learningfromexistingthirdpartycertificationschemescanbeagoodstartingpointtodeveloporexpandnationalbuildingenergycertificationschemestailoredtocountrycontext.Makedisclosureofbuildingenergyandcarbonperformanceinformationmandatory,especiallyatthepointofsalesorrenovations.Enhanceawarenessofconsumersandprivatesectoronbenefitsofnetzero-carbonbuildingsDeveloptoolsandprovidetrainingfordevelopersandfinancierstobeabletoassesstherelativebenefitsofzero-carbon,efficientandresilientbuildings,toenableincreasedaccesstofundingandincreaseddemandforhigh-performancebuildings.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE72IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Offertrainingtodevelopers,architects,designersandengineers,onenergy-efficientandlow-carbonsolutionssuitablefordifferentbuildingtypesinASEAN.Wherenecessary,accessinternationaltechnicalassistancetodevelopcapacitybuildingprogrammesforAMS,buildinguponinternationalbestpracticesinbuildings.Developbuildinglabelsthathavesufficientinformationtoexplaintheenergyandcarbonperformanceofbuildings,aswellastheimportanceandbenefitsoflow-carbonconsumerchoiceswhenitcomestobuyingorrentingbuildingspaces.Toenableconsumerstomakemorelow-carbonchoices,introduceawarenessraisingprogrammestoinformthemaboutthemultiplebenefitsofefficientandlow-carbonbuildings..Undertakepilotandawardprogrammesforbuildingsofdifferenttypes,collectingdataonconstructioncosts,constructiontimes,CO2reductions,energybillreduction,etc,togrowabodyofevidencetosupportinformationcampaignstargetedtodifferentstakeholdertypes(includinghomeowners,manufacturers,developers,banks,localgovernments,nationalgovernments,etc).Facilitateaccesstofinanceanddevelopmentofbusinessmodelsforenergy-efficientandnetzero-carbonbuildingsTheIFC’s“FinancialandPolicyBlueprintforGreenBuildings”estimatesthat“greenbuildings”provideatotalinvestmentopportunityofoverUSD16trillionintheEastAsiaPacific,USD7.6ofwhichisinthemulti-unitresidentialsector,andUSD2.6incommercialofficespace(IFC,2019).Inordertounlockthisinvestmentpotentialinenergyefficiencyandlow-carbonbuildingsinASEAN,accesstofinancemustbeimprovedandinformationregardinginnovativefinancialmechanismsmustbemadeaccessibletoawiderangeofstakeholders,butespeciallytodevelopersandconsumers.Commercialbankscouldstrivetodevelopandoffergreenfinancialproductsincludinggreenmortgagesforbuildingsthatcandemonstratehighlevelsofenergyandcarbonperformance.Suchfinancingmechanismscouldbelinkedtonationalandlocalbuildingenergycertificationschemes,offeringbetterfinancialtermssuchaslowerinterestratesandlongertenors,inrelationtohighercertificationratings.“Inreturn,bankscanexpandtheirclientbaseandproductofferings,buildhigher-valueandlower-riskportfolios,andaccessnewsourcesoffinancethroughgreenbonds,greensecuritisationsandgreencreditfacilities,potentiallyreducingtheircostofcapital”(IFC,2019).Institutionalinvestorsandnationalandmultinationaldevelopmentfinanceinstitutionsalsohavekeyrolestoplaybysupportinginter-coordination,riskguaranteesandinvestment.Creditguaranteesforgreenprojectsplayaroleinmanagingfinancialinstitutionrisks.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE73IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ExamplesGreenshipNetZeroBuildingRatingTools:GBCIndonesiahasdevelopedratingtoolsforbuildingstobeNetZeroBuildingCertifiedunderapilotprojectscheme.Theseratingtoolshavetwolevels1)NetZeroReadyBuilding(renewableenergyprovides10%ofbuildingenergyconsumption)and2)NetZeroCertifiedBuilding(renewableenergyprovides100%ofenergyconsumption).ZEBcategoryoftheASEANEnergyAwards:ThesecanformthebasisofaregionallyrecognisedZEBstandardandshowcaseleadersintheASEANregionforGreenBuildings.TheEE&CAwardisa“methodologicalsupporttooldesignedtoprovidepublicrecognitionforexcellenceinthefieldofenergyefficiencyandconservation.TheawardaimstoenhanceawarenessandencouragementtoprivatesectorparticipationinEE&C,specificallyinbuildingsandindustry”(ACE,AboutASEANEnergyAwards).Singapore’sGreenMarkratingtool:InanefforttoencouragetheearlyadoptionoftheGreenMarkratingtool,Singaporehadincentivisedbuildingdeveloperswiththeallowanceofahighergrossfloorareaasameanstooffsetthehighercostofgreenbuilding.ExistingprivatesectorbuildingsparticipateintheGreenMarkschemeonavoluntarybasis,whilethepublicsectorisheldtostrictermandatoryrequirements,undertheGreenGov.SGinitiatives.From2021,allnewandexistingpublicbuildingsundergoingmajorretrofittingmustattainPlatinumSuperLowEnergyStandards.GreenMark2021providesaholisticcertificationschemethatdriveshighlevelsofenergyefficiencywithbroadersustainabilityissuesbeingtackledthroughthesustainabilitysectionsthatcoverIntelligence,HealthandWell-being,WholeLifeCarbon,MaintainabilityandResilience,alignedtomeettheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoalsSDGs),globalESG(environmental,socialandgovernance)reportingframeworksandemergingsustainablefinancetaxonomies.TheWholelifeCarbonsectionlooksattheproject’scarbonfootprint,withafocusonembodied(orupfront)carbon,theuseofsustainableconstructionorretrofitmaterialsandmethods,aswellastheroleoftenanciesinthefittingoutoftheirspaces.Thesectionalsoevaluatesbuildingownersontheirtransitiontowardscarbonneutralityattheassetlevel,translatingthecorporateobjectivesintotangibleoutcomes,aswellastheirsupportfortenanciestodothesame.ThailandBECAwardtoincreaseawareness:In2010,theDepartmentofAlternativeEnergyDevelopmentandEfficiency(DEDE)inThailand’sMinistryofEnergyestablishedtheCoordinatingCenterofEnergyConservationBuildingDesign(BECCenter)toprovideinformationtoanygovernmentsector,stateenterpriseorprojectstakeholderregardingtheevaluationproceduresofbuildingplansforenergyconservationasrequiredbyrelatedministerialregulations.TheBECCentercreatescollaborativenetworksbetweenthegovernmentandprivatesectorsinordertolaythefoundationofenergyconservationbuildingdesign.BEChasbeentestingouttheBEClabellingschemeforenergy-efficientbuildingdesign,withthelabelsawardedinthreelevelsdependingontheenergysaving:30-50%(Good),50-70%(VeryGood)and>70%(Excellent).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE74IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.NB.3Boostcapacityfordeliveryofenergy-efficient,low-carbonbuildingsNB.3.1.BuildcapacityinintegratedpassivebuildingdesignCurrentstatus:Increasingdemandforspacecoolingbecauseofhightemperaturesandhumidity.Rapidurbanisationcreatesdemandforhigh-risebuildings,typicallywithhighembodiedcarbon.Integrateddesignthroughcharretteprocessesandthermalsimulationarenotwidespread,butarekeytomaximisingpassivedesignandreducingactivespacecoolingloads.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonTechnicalguidelinesforoptimisationofpassivemeasuresbybuildingtypearedeveloped.PoolofparticularlytrainedarchitectsandengineersiscreatedinallAMS.Supportforwiderutilisationofdigitaldesigntoolsisprovided.DigitaltoolslikeBuildingInformationModelling(BIM)andBuildingEnergyModelling(BEM)simulationmainstreamedinbuildingdesignphase.Technicalguidelinesforoptimisationofpassivemeasuresmainstreamedandregularlyupdated.Integrateddesignprocessandpassivemeasuresareeffectivelyutilisedinallnewbuildingprojectsinaccordancewithtechnicalguidelines.NB.3.2Mainstreamlifecycleanalysis(LCA)toolsfordesignofnewbuildingsCurrentstatus:AlmostnoLCAtoolsandmethodologiesareusedinthedesignofnewbuildings.Somegreenbuildingcertificationsrequiresomeformoflifecycleanalysis.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonMethodologiesadoptedinallAMSforassessmentofwholelifecycleenergyandcarbon,eveniftheassessmentofembodiedcarbonisnotquantitative.RequirementsforcarryingoutLCAfornewbuildingsareincorporatedintoallbuildingenergycertificationsystems.LCAmethodologiesavailableandusedinthedesignofmostnewbuildings,andincludedasarequirementinbuildingenergycodes.LCAassessmentsbasedonincreasinglyrobustandquantitativeinformation.ToolsavailabletoenablesystematiccomprehensiveLCA,guidingoptimaldesigndecisionsforwholelifecyclecarbon.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE75IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.NB.3.3.Increaseavailabilityofkeymaterialsandcomponentsforlow-carbonbuildingsCurrentstatus:Regionalvariabilityinavailabilityofkeymaterials;componentsforbuildinghighenergyperformanceandlow-carbonbuildings,suchasinsulation,lowthermaltransmittancewallingcomponentsanddoubleorsolarperformanceglazingarenotwidespread.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonInsulation,low-e/SHGC(solarheatgaincoefficient)glazinganddoubleglazingareincreasinglyavailableonthemarket,cost-effectiveandadoptedwhereappropriate.High-performancematerialsandtechnologiesarewidelyavailableonthemarketinthemajorityofAMSandthecostsaredecreasing.HighperformancematerialsandtechnologiesarewidelyavailableataffordablecostinallAMS.Near-termrecommendationstoboostcapacityfordeliveryofenergy-efficient,low-carbonbuildingsBuildcapacityforintegratedpassivebuildingdesignProvidetrainingprogrammesforserviceandproductprovidersofbuildingsandconstruction(architects,engineers,contractors,etc.)andbuildingownersregardinghowtodesignmoresustainablebuildings,andhowtocomplywithnewbuildingpolicies,programmesorincentivesforsustainablebuildingsandconstruction,prioritisingtheoptimisationofpassiveandmixed-modesolutions.Developeducationalprogrammesatprimary,secondary,vocational,universityandadulteducationlevelstoincreaseknowledgeaboutanddevelopskillsinsustainablenewbuildings.Providecertificationoraccreditationforprofessionalsinthesustainableconstructionsector.Increasetheuseofbuildingdesigntools.Theuseofmoreintegrateddesignprocessesandsimulationormodellingtoolssuchasbuildinginformationmodelling(BIM)whichcansupportdetailedbuildingenergymodelling(BEM)canhelpensurehigherperformanceinacost-effectivemanner.TheuseofadvanceddesigntoolsforwholebuildingsystemdesignandoperationisanidealapproachtosupportzeroenergybuildingsForexampletheASHRAE(AmericanSocietyofHeating,RefrigeratingandAirConditioningEngineers)EnergySimulation-AidedDesignStandard209(2018).MainstreamlifecycleanalysistoolsforthedesignofnewbuildingsDevelopandapplyappropriatemethodstoassessthewholelifecyclecarbonofabuilding:ifquantitativedataarelackinginitially,someestimatesmaybeavailableforthemostcommonlyusedmaterialsintheregion.Accountforthemostcarbon-intensivematerialsandthemostcommonconstructionmaterials(cement,steel,aluminium,timber,PVC,etc.)withthebestavailablefirstestimatesthatcanberefinedovertime.Materialscanbeclassifiedashigh/medium/lowembodiedRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE76IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.carbonandbytheircarbonreductionpotential(e.g.aluminiumwindowframesvsPVCortimber),toenablesimplifiedassessmentstoguidedecisions.Increaseavailabilityofkeymaterialsandcomponentsforlow-carbonbuildingsProvideincentives(e.g.taxrebatesandmorefavourableimportprocedures)tomanufacturersandproducersoflow-carbonmaterialsandcomponentstosupplymoreofsuchproductstothemarketatcompetitiveprices.ExamplesEDGE(ExcellenceinDesignforGreaterEfficiencies):Freesoftwarethatallowssimpleassessmentofenergyefficiencymeasuresandmaterialscomparedtoalocalbaseline.AbuildingcanbecertifiedwithEDGEifitachievesa20%savingwhencomparedtoabaseline.Publicationoftechnicalguidelines:ActiveandpassivetechnicaldesignguidelinedevelopmenthasbeensupportedpreviouslybymultilateralorganisationssuchastheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeinASEAN.ThailandBuildingEnergyCode(BEC):InpreparationfortheimplementationoftheBuildingEnergyCode,theDepartmentofAlternativeEnergyDevelopmentandEfficiency(DEDE)isprovidingtrainingcourseswhichconsistof:1.BECtrainingforauditors,engineers,andarchitects:atotalof600people(targetof2000peoplebyendof2022);2.Trainingforbuildingowners,energyconsultants,anddesigners:atotalof3500people;3.TrainingintheBECpermitapprovalprocessforlocalauthorities:targeting5000peoplebyend2022.ThailandTrainingforSustainableandEfficientBuildings:ThisDivisionofEnergyHumanResourceDevelopment,underDEDE,isresponsibleforeducatingandorganisingtrainingcoursesonenergytechnologyandefficientenergymanagementforinterestedpartiesfromboththeprivateandpublicsectors.ThesecoursesincludeenergyefficiencyincoolingsystemsaspartofprogrammessuchasthatforPersonnelResponsibleforEnergy.TheDivisionofEnergyHumanResourceDevelopmentisalsoinchargeofthelegalenergypersonnelcertification.Inaddition,therearefee-basedtrainingcoursesonairconditionersarrangedbytheAirConditioningEngineeringAssociationofThailand,Universitiesandrelevantcompanies.TrackingProgressIndicatorsareanimportanttoolforunderstandingthechangesinconditionsthataffectwhetherprogresstowardsatargetofnetzero-carbonbuildingsandconstructionisbeingmade.Fornewbuildings,indicatorsthattrackthepresenceandchangesinpoliciesthatsetstandardsforbuildingperformance,suchasbuildingcodes,bylawsandRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE77IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.minimumenergyperformancestandards,designfeaturerequirementsandsustainablebuildingcertifications,areimportantelementstounderstandingwhethernewbuildingsareconstructedmoreinthezero-carbondirection.Potentialindicatorsfortrackingprogressatanationalscalemayinclude:[NB.1.1]Presenceofnationaland/orstatelevelmandatoryBECswithenergyandcarbonperformancerequirementsforallbuildingtypes/newandexistingbuildings.[NB.1.1]Numberofissuedbuildingconstructionagreements/certificatesundercoderequirementsbybuildingtype.[NB.1.2]Numberofbuildingcontrolofficersperdevelopmentapplicationmadeand/orconstructionagreementsissuedbybuildingsizeornumberofunits.[NB.1.2]Presenceofbylawsthathaveintegratedminimumperformanceenergystandardsfornewbuildings.[NB.2.1]Numberof/Proportionofsustainablebuildingenergycertificationsissuedforalldevelopmentapplicationsorconstructioncertificatesissuedandbylevelofcertificationachieved[NB.2.2]Levelofawarenessofrequirementsofbuildingenergycodesorcertification,measuredthroughasurveyofconstructionprofessionals,and/orawarenessandrankingofbuildingcodes/certificationsthroughasurveyofbuildingpurchasers[NB.2.3]Proportionof/Amountofgreenbuildingfinancecommitted[accessed/issued]perquarter/yearforconstruction[NB.3.1]Numberofaccreditedtrainingcoursesandtrainedprofessionalswithintegratedpassivebuildingdesigncertifications[NB.3.2]Presenceof/NumberofbylawsrequiringLCAaspartofstandardbuildingconstructionapplication,orenhanced/voluntarybuildingconstructionapplication[NB.3.1]Presenceof/Numberoftechnicalguidelinesforsupportingzero-carbonbuildings[NB.3.1]NumberofZEBsubmissionstoASEANEnergyAwards.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE78IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ActionArea3:ExistingbuildingsIntroductionImprovingtheenergyperformanceofexistingbuildingsisanimportantwaytoreduceoperationalenergycosts,improvingthelifetimeofthebuildingsystemsthroughrecommissioning,improvingindoorenvironmentalcomfortconditions,reducingpollutionfromoldbuildingsystemsandreducingdirectandindirectcarbonemissions.Renovationofthebuildingenvelope(walls,roofandwindows)andservicesystems(e.g.cooling,heatingandventilation)isthefirstactiontoimprovetheenergyperformanceofexistingbuildings,andshouldbringthemtothestandardsfornewbuildingswhereverpossible.Existingbuildingenergyperformancecanbeassessedintermsoftheiroperationalusecomparedwithbenchmarksandintermsoftheefficiencyoftheappliancesandsystemstheyareequippedwith.Thefirstactiontoaddressingexistingbuildingperformanceistoaddresstherecommissioningofexistingsystemsthatarewithintheiroperationallifetime(addressedinActivity4:SystemsandOperations).Followingthis,addressingheatflowacrossthebuildingenvelopebyinsulatingagainstunwantedheatgainsorlossesonroofs,wallsandglazingwillensureresilienceagainstheatandcoldevents,andthemaintenanceofconditionedspaces.Solarcontrolglazinganddaylightingmanagementformamajorpartofreducingheatingandcoolingenergydemands.Alongsidethefabric,ventilationmustalsobeaddressedtoensureadequateairsupplyandalsoprovideanopportunityforpassiveheatingandcooling.Thereisalsoanopportunitytoconsiderstructural,technicalandsanitaryinfrastructurealongsideenergyefficiencyretrofits.ForASEAN,avisionforexistingbuildingsthroughenergyefficiencyrenovation,retrofitandrefurbishmentofexistingbuildingsrepresentsanopportunitynotonlytoupgradetheenergyperformanceofabuildingbutalsotoachievemultipleaimssuchasreducedfuelcostsandthermalcomfort.VisionforExistingBuildingsExistingBuildingsarerenovatedtoachievehighlevelsofenergyperformanceandlowerlevelsofembodiedcarbontoreducefuelcostsandimprovethermalcomfort.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE79IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CurrentcontextThereisalackofdataregardingthequalityandperformanceoftheexistingstock,andthereforealsoofthemosteffectiveretrofitmeasurestodeploy.Singaporehasanambitioustargetof“greening”80%ofitsbuildingstockby2030andhassetupfundingmechanismstoenablethis.Evendespitethehighconstructionratesunderwaytomeetthedemandforgrowingurbanpopulations,therefurbishmentofexistingbuildingstomeetambitiousperformancestandardscanbeprioritisedfromamaterialsefficiencyandlifecycleperspective.Thechallengesforexistingbuildingswillbetoadapttochangingclimates,risingownershipofdevices,growingdemandforspacecooling,increasingqualityofthebuiltenvironment,rapidlyexpandingcitiesandincreasingrisksofnaturaldisasters,whilereducingcarbonemissionsthroughimprovingtheirenergyperformanceandefficiency.Bothincentivesandregulationswillbeimperativeforenablingthesetransformations.Akeymeasurewillbetoseizetheopportunityofbuildingupgradescarriedoutforreasonsotherthanenergyperformancetoupgradethebuildingssystems,envelopesandoperations.CurrentstatusofpoliciesforexistingbuildingsCountryEnergyBenchmarkPoliciesAuditsandEnergyRenovationPoliciesMEPS/codesBruneiDarussalamBuildingguidelinesfornon-residentialsector:mandatoryforgovernmentbuildingsandvoluntaryforcommercialbuildings.CambodiaIndonesiaBenchmarktooldevelopedforhospitalitysector.VoluntarystandardforAuditprocedure;Financialsupportavailable.MandatoryminimumstandardsforcommercialbuildingsLaoPDRMalaysiaEnergyAuditConditionalGrant(EACG)forlargeenergyusers.Malaysia-MS1525:CodeofPracticeforEnergyEfficiencyandUseofRenewableEnergyfornewandexistingNon-ResidentialBuildings.MyanmarEnergyEfficiencyandConservationPolicy,StrategyandRoadmap.MyanmarGreenBuilding-NationalBuildingCodeRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE80IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountryEnergyBenchmarkPoliciesAuditsandEnergyRenovationPoliciesMEPS/codesPhilippinesThePhilippinesEnergyEfficiencyandConservationRoadmap2017-2040:promotesbenchmarkingandbuildingratings.EnergyEfficiencyandConservationAct(RepublicActNo.11285of2018):revealsnewobligationsregardingenergyauditing.Mandatoryminimumstandardsforcommercialbuildings.SingaporeSingaporeBCA(BuildingandConstructionAuthority)BuildingEnergyBenchmarkingReports.BuildingControlAct-PeriodicEnergyAudits-coversrequirementsforenergyauditsoncoolingsystemsinbuildingsMandatoryauditsfornewandexistingbuildingcoolingsystems.Financialincentivesandfinancingsupportforretrofits.Mandatoryminimumstandardsforcommercialbuildings.ThailandEnergyEfficiencyPlan2018(EEP2018)targetsreductioninenergyintensityby25%in2030,basedonthe2005level.Plantoupgradeenergyefficiencyofcommonequipment/appliancesusedinbuildingsandhomes.MinisterialRegulationPrescribingTypeorSizeofBuildingandStandard,CriteriaandProcedureinDesigningBuildingsforEnergyConservationB.E.2563(2020).BuildingEnergyCode(BEC)forlargecommercialbuildings.VietNamEnergyAuditOrder:Largebuildingownersincludedinenergyauditobligation:anynon-industrial(includingresidential,commercial,hospitalandeducation)buildingswithover500TOEorhigherperyear.Additionalrequirementtoproducefive-yearefficiencyplan.Mandatoryminimumstandardsforcommercialbuildings.ASEANMappingofGreenBuildingCodesandBuildingEnergyEfficiencyinASEAN:TowardsguidelinesforASEANGreenBuildingCodes.Note:Blankareasofthetableindicatethatnorelevantinformationwasfoundduringdatacollection.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE81IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofstrategyforexistingbuildingsSummaryofmilestonesforExistingBuildingstowardsnetzero-carbonIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TheRoadmap’sstrategyforadvancingenergyefficiencyandthedecarbonisationofexistingbuildingsinASEANincludesfourkeyactionsforExistingBuildings(EB):1.Promotetheuptakeofhigh-performancefabricsystems2.Boosttherateofenergyefficiencyretrofits3.Boostthequalityofenergyefficiencyretrofits4.Promotetheadoptionofperformancestandardsandcodes.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE82IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.WithintheseActionstheRoadmapsuggestselevenActivities(e.g.EB.1.1,EB.2.2,etc.)Thoserelatedtoexistingbuildingsarepresentedinthefigurebelow.SummaryofRoadmapstrategyforExistingBuildingsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Asmulti-stakeholdercollaborationisoneoftheoverarchingprinciplesofthisRoadmap,itisimportanttoconsiderwhichstakeholdergroupscouldbeinvolvedinthedeliveryofeachactivity.VariousstakeholdergroupsshouldbeinvolvedintheactivitiesundertheExistingBuildingsactionareainordertoensuretheireffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE83IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.StakeholdermappingforExistingBuildingsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ofappliancesandmaterials.Includesproducttestersandcertifiers.includingacademia,non-governmentalorganisations,researchinstitutions,socialnetworksandcommunityassociations.Note:Thedarkerthecolour,thehighertheimportanceofthatstakeholdergroupfortheactivityandthemoreessentialthegroupisfortheactivity’seffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE84IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Actions,ActivitiesandTimelinesEB.1:Promoteutilisationofhigh-performancefabricsystemsEB.1.1.Promoteutilisationofhigh-performanceinsulativeandemissivefabricmaterialsCurrentstatus:Insulationisnotwidelyappliedinroofsorwalls(whereappropriate)acrosstheregionandthereislimiteduseofhigh-emissivitymaterialsorcoatingsonroofsandwalls.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonPromoteinsulationofroofsinhighoccupancybuildingsandwhereeconomicallyfeasible.Insulateroofsandwallsinbuildingsundertakingmajorrefurbishment.Insulateroofsandwallsinallbuildingsundertakingmajorrefurbishmentwiththeuseofhigh-emissivitymaterialsorcoatings.Insulationofroofsandwallswiththeuseofhigh-emissivitymaterialsorcoatingsisappliedinallexistingbuildingsthroughredevelopmentcontrolsandtargetedrefurbishmentactions.EB.1.2.PromoteutilisationofsolarandthermalcontrolglazingCurrentstatus:Simple,unprotectedandsingleglazingiscommonacrossmostbuildingtypes.Somecountrieshavewideadoptionofdoubleglazingandsolarcontrolglazinginhigh-endcommercialbuildings.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonUseofsolarcontrolfilmsandemissivitycoatingsduringmajorrefurbishmentsisincreasingforbothresidentialandnon-residentialbuildings.Low-ecoatingsandsolarcontroldoubleglazingarewidelyappliedinresidentialandnon-residentialbuildingsduringmajorrefurbishment.Low-ecoatingsandsolarcontroldoubleglazingareappliedinallexistingbuildingsthroughredevelopmentcontrolsandtargetedrefurbishmentactions.EB1.3.PromoteutilisationofsolarshadingCurrentstatus:Useofexternalshadingisnotwidespreadinmostexistingbuildings;someexternalshadingintraditionalandhistoricdesignedbuildings.Solarshadingmarketisprimarilyfocusedoninternalshades.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonExternalshadingusepromotedforretrofitsandshadingappliedtoallmajorrefurbishmentsinresidentialandnon-residentialsector.Externalshadinginallretrofitsinbothresidentialandnon-residentialbuildings.Adoptionofsolarreflectiveinternalshadingstarted.Widespreaduseofstaticandmovableexternalshadingalongsideinternalsolarreflectiveshadingmaterials.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE85IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Near-termrecommendationstopromotehigh-performancefabricsystemsPromoteutilisationofinsulativeandemissivefabricmaterials,solarandthermalcontrolglazingandsolarshadingDevelopandadoptpoliciesandregulations.Improvingtheinsulation,solarglazingandcontrol,andsolarshadingforexistingbuildingsrequiresdevelopmentofpoliciestoraiseperformancestandards,initiatethephaseoutoflessefficientproductsandmandateminimumenergyperformancestandardsforrefurbishment.Inspectioncontrolscanbeappliedtolargerefurbishmentsinitiallyandthenphasedintotheremainderofthemarket.Developadecarbonisationstrategyforexistingbuildingstock.Developnationalgreenbuildingratingswithrequirementsforenergyefficiencyandstrategiesthatfocusontherefurbishingandretrofittingofexistingbuildingstowardslow-carbonbuildingperformance.Strategiesmayconsiderresidentialandnon-residentialtypologiesandoutlinerequirementsforbuildingfabricandglazingsystems,aswellasoverallenergyefficiencytargets.IntroduceMEPSforexistingpublichousingandpublicbuildings.Theuseofhigherperformancefabric,efficientmechanicalandelectricalequipmentandglazingsystemsshouldberequiredfortherefurbishmentofallpublichousingandpublicbuildings(schools,hospitalsandgovernmentoffices)tohelpdevelopthemarket.Likewise,energyperformancecontractsinpublicbuildingscouldbeofferedforthesameend.EB.2:BoosttherateofenergyefficiencyretrofitsEB.2.1.IncentiviseretrofitmarketactivityCurrentstatus:Lowrateofenergyretrofitofexistingbuildingstoimprovebuildingenergyperformance.Themarketforenergyperformanceretrofitsisfocusedonhigh-endcommercialbuildingssuchasofficesandhotels.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonIncentivestoaccelerateandscaleupretrofitactivitiesthroughgovernmentstimulusforenergy-efficientproducts;servicesandbusinessmodelsareadoptedinregulation.Benchmarktargetsforlargenon-residentialandresidentialbuildingsareset.Mandatoryminimumbenchmarktargetsforlarge(e.g.>10000m2m2)non-residentialandresidentialbuildingsareset.Energyperformancebenchmarksaredevelopedforallbuildingtypes.Highlyefficientlow-carbonrefurbishmentreceivesgovernmentalsupport.Minimumbenchmarktargetsforenergyperformancearemademandatoryforallbuildings.Highlyefficientlow-carbonrefurbishmenthasbecomeacompetitivecommonpracticeonthemarket.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE86IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.EB.2.2.Increaseavailabilityofenergy-efficientretrofitprofessionalsCurrentstatus:Buildingandconstructionprofessionalswithdeepenergyefficiencytrainingarerare.Moreprogrammesandtrainingareneededtoimprovetheavailabilityofenergyefficiencyretrofitexpertsandhigh-performanceproductinstallers.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonCertifiedtrainingprogrammesdevelopedandincludemodulesonhighperformanceproducts.Highereducationprogrammeswithdedicatedmodulesonenergy-efficientconstructionandrenovationpracticesareofferedinallAMS.Extendededucationandvocationaltrainingprogrammesonenergy-efficientconstruction,renovationpracticesandlow-carbontechnologiesforconstructionprofessionals,architects,engineers,designers,etc.Standardsandcertificationbodiesprovideaccreditedenergyefficiencyskillsaspartoflicensingrequirements.Alargepoolofwell-trainedconstructionprofessionals,architects,engineers,designerswithrespecttoenergy-efficientconstructionandrenovationpractices,aswellaslow-carbontechnologies,iswidelyavailableinallAMS.EB.2.3.IncreaseawarenessofbuildingenergyperformanceCurrentstatus:Knowledgeanddataavailabilityonbuildingenergyperformancearelimitedwithonlyfewstakeholdershavingtheinformationonperformancefeaturesandapproachestoimprovingoperationalperformance.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonSurveyinganddatacollectionworkisundertakentoevaluatestakeholders’understandingandrecognitionofenergyefficiencyinexistingbuildings.Basedonthesurvey’sresults,informationprogrammesandawarenessraisingcampaignstargetingvariousstakeholdergroupsaredeveloped.Informationprogrammesandawarenessraisingcampaignstargetingvariousstakeholdergroupsonenergy-efficientoperationpracticesinresidentialandnon-residentialbuildingsareimplemented.Disclosureprogrammesonbuildingenergyperformanceareintroducedandalignedwithbuildingenergyratingschemes.Understandingandrecognitionofenergy-efficientoperationpracticesarewell-establishedthroughawarenessraisingcampaignsandinformationprogrammes.Disclosureprogrammesonbuildingenergyperformancearewidelyimplementedandalignedwithbuildingenergyratingschemes.Near-termrecommendationstoboostrateofenergy-efficientretrofitsIncentiviseretrofitmarketactivityIncreaserenovationrates.Annualrenovationratesintheregionshouldideallyreach1.5%by2025and2%by2040(IEA,2020a)Avarietyofmeasures,includingRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE87IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.financialandnon-financialincentives,mandatorystandards,awarenessandeducationprogrammes,andgovernmentleadershipprogrammescansupportthisprocess.Suchincentivescouldbealignedwiththeretrofit‘triggerpoints’-suchaschangeofownership,renovationandendofequipmentlifetime.Usestimulusprogrammestoinvestinenergy-efficientretrofits.Usetheseprogrammesasameanstopromoteenergyefficiencymeasuresforexistingbuildingsthroughlow-interestloansandmicrogrants,value-addedtaxreductionsandpointofsalerebates.Promotebuildingenergyperformanceauditsthroughsubsidisedprogrammestoencourageutilisationofperformanceratings.Offerenergyperformancecontractsforpublicbuildingstoinvigoratethemarket.Increaseavailabilityofenergyefficiency-efficientretrofitprofessionalsDevelopandimplementenergyefficiencytrainingprogrammes.Supportindustrytoexpandavailabilityofenergyefficiencytrainingprogrammestocurrentandformerconstructionworkerstoboosttheirskillsandemployability.Promotebenchmarkingschemes.Developauditschemestoestablishbenchmarksforbuildingperformanceinordertoimprovebuildingowners’understandingoftheirrelativeperformance.IncreaseawarenessofbuildingenergyperformanceImprovedataavailabilityonbuildingperformancelevelsandmakethesedataavailablethroughenergyusedisclosureprogrammes.Developinformationprogrammesandawarenessraisingcampaignsonthebenefitsofenergy-efficientrenovation.ExamplesBruneiHouseholdSurvey:Datacollectionthroughhouseholdsurveystounderstandcurrentconsumptionpatterns(EconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia&BruneiNationalEnergyResearchInstitute,2020).SingaporeEnergyPerformanceContractingStandard:Anenergyperformancecontract(EPC)canguaranteeenergysavingsforanexistingbuildingwithoutaninitialfinancialoutlay.“Tohelpbuildingownersovercometheinitialfinancialbarriertoretrofittheirbuildings”,theBuildingandConstructionAuthority(BCA)developedapubliclyavailablestandardEPCtemplateforbuildingownersandEPCfirms.Thisdocumentaimsto“assistinacceleratingtheretrofitprocess”throughsimplifyingthelegalandadministrativeprocessforbothbuildingownersandtheEPCfirms(SingaporeBCA,2015).IndonesiaBuildingEndUseSurvey:Thissurveymeasuredbuildingenergyconsumptioninresidentialbuildingsand207commercialbuildingsanddevelopedbuildingenergyusebenchmarking.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE88IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Thailand:FinancialSupportforBuildingRetrofit.In2019,DEDEsetupasubsidyprogrammeforretrofittedbuildingsforninetypesofeligiblebuildings,subsidisingthecostofimprovingthebuildingenvelopeandtherooftopasstheBEC.Withinthesubsidyprogrammespecificimprovementsinclude:20%fordesignatedbuildingsandfactorieswhenreplacingwithefficientequipmentandmachinery30%fordesignatedbuildingsandfactorieswhenreplacingwithefficientequipmentandmachinerywithapprovedinnovativetechnologies30%fornon-designatedbuildingsandfactories,communityenterprises,start-ups,orthoseintheagriculturesectorSupportsuptoTHB3million(approximatelyUSD90000)perapplicantPaybackperiodnolongerthan7years.EB.3:BoostqualityofenergyefficiencyretrofitsEB.3.1.DevelopqualitystandardsforbuildingretrofitsCurrentstatus:UseofqualitystandardsinproductinstallationandrenovationpracticesarehighlylimitedandthereareonlyfewexistingcertificationschemesforbuildingrenovationactionsinASEANMemberStates.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonDevelopindustrystandardforqualitymarkcriteriaforapplicationtofabricandbuildingsystemretrofits.ConsumerCodeforBuildersandRenovatorsisdevelopedtosetmandatoryrequirementsthatbuildersandrenovatorsmustmeet.Requirequalitymarkforlargerenovationprojectsandforkeyproductsectors,i.e.coolingandhotwater.Morethan50%ofASEANMemberStateshaveenforcedutilisationofConsumerCodeforBuildersandRenovators.Qualitymarkschemesforretrofitinstallationsofmostbuildingssystemsarewidelyappliedinnon-residentialandresidentialbuildings.AllASEANMemberStateshaveenforcedutilisationofConsumerCodeforBuildersandRenovators.EB.3.2.ImproveconsumerconfidencethroughqualitystandardsCurrentstatus:Thereisalackofconsumerconfidenceinretrofitactionsandtheirunderstandingofqualitystandards.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonVoluntaryindustry-ledbuildingqualitymarkandcertificationschemeforbuildingrenovationactionsdeveloped.Mandatoryrequirementfortheadoptionofaqualitymarkinrenovationactionsforalllargebuildingsinresidentialandnon-residentialsectorestablished.Widespreadconfidenceinretrofitactionsandqualitystandardschemes.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE89IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Near-termrecommendationstoimprovethequalityofenergy-efficientretrofitsDevelopqualitystandardsforbuildingretrofitDevelopregionalornationaldatabasesofgreenandenergy-efficientproductsforbuildingrenovation(includingfabricandbuildingsystems).PrepareConsumerCodeforBuildersandRenovatorstosetmandatoryrequirementsforenergy-efficientrenovation.ImproveconsumerconfidencethroughqualitystandardsIncentivisetheuseofenergy-efficientproducts,materialsandsystemsduringbuildingrenovation.Developsuitableincentiveschemestoencouragethepurchaseanduseofcertifiedgreenbuildingmaterialsandenergy-efficientsystems.Enableprogrammeimplementationcoststobesubsidisedthroughlistingonaregulateddirectory.Establishenergyefficiencytechnicaltrainingandresearchcentres.Promulgatetheestablishmentofcentresonenergyefficiencyinbuildingsandinvestinhumanandtechnicalresources.Defineandimplementvocationaltrainingforenergy-efficientrenovationandpromotetheuseofenergy-efficienttechnologies,productsandmaterialsduringbuildings’refurbishment.ExamplesChulaSmartCity:In2018,ASEANlaunchedthe"SmartCityNetwork"inwhicheachmemberstatehasselecteduptothreepilotcitiestostructureanddevelopa"SmartCity"concept.ChulalongkornUniversityinThailand,recognisedasagreencampus,hasstrivedtotransformitscampusandsurroundingsintomorethanjustagreenuniversity.Theuniversitycreatedthe“ChulaSmartCity”,whereBigDataiscollectedandsharedinordertomanagethecampus'energy,waterconsumption,transportation,climateandpollution.ChulalongkornUniversityembracedthenotionof"Smart5"inleadingitscampustobecomeenergy-efficient,whichincludes:1)Smartenergy:assessmentofelectricitydemandateachpointoncampusandimplementationofsolarpanelsontheroofofcollegebuildingsasanalternativeenergysource;2)Smartmobility:cityconnectivityofferingelectricandhybridmotorisedbus(CUPOPBus),EVbikes,vehiclesharingandEVTuks;3)IntelligentCommunity:co-workingspaces,gymsandapublicparkwereincludedintheIntelligentCityofChula,ensuringcommunitydiversity;4)SmartSecurity:guaranteeofphysicalsecurityandonlinesecurityforthosewhouseresources,throughtheintegrationoftechnologyandbigdata;5)Smartenvironment:air,noiseandraindetectorswereimplemented.Energy-efficientbuildingsinBrunei:IntheTemburongDistrict,governmentandcommercialbuildingshaveundergoneenergyefficiencyauditsandhavebeencertifiedwithBuildingEnergyLabelCertificates.ThecertificationispartoftheMinistryofEnergy’sinitiativetoencourageandaccelerateenergyefficiencyRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE90IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.actionsinthebuildingssector.Theprogrammealsoprovidesinformationonenergyconsumptiondataandmeasurestoimproveenergyefficiencyandoccupants’comfort.Since2020,13ofthe24governmentandcommercialbuildingsinvolvedhavealreadymettheminimumEnergyEfficiencyIndex(EEI)16setbytheMinistry.EB.4:PromotetheadoptionofbuildingenergyperformancestandardsEB.4.1.EnactenergyperformancestandardsforexistingbuildingsCurrentstatus:ASEANcountrieshaveanumberofcertificationsbutalimitednumberofbuildingenergycodescoveringexistingbuildings.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonVoluntaryperformance-basedBECsorstandardsforenergy-efficientrenovationareintroducedformostbuildingssectorjurisdictions.SomeBECsorstandardsincludevoluntarynear-zerorequirementsforexistingbuildings.Mandatoryperformance-basedBECsorstandardsareadoptedforallexistingbuildingsinallAMS.AllAMShaveadoptedBECsorstandardsthatincludevoluntarynear-zerorequirementsforexistingbuildings.Allmemberstateshaveadoptedperformance-basedBECsorstandardsthatincludemandatorynetzero-carbonrequirementsforallexistingbuildings.EB.4.2.PromoteenergyperformancecertificationprogrammesCurrentstatus:CertificationprogrammesareavailableforexistingbuildingsinfewAMS,buttheyarenotwidelyadoptedoutsidecertainsectorsandbuildings.Certificationschemesaretypicallylimitedtospecificbuildingtypesorsectorsorsystems.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonVoluntarycertificationstandardsareadoptedforalltypesofexistingbuildingsinallAMS.Independentindustry-ledtestingfacilitiesareemergingforretrofitproducts’testingandcompliance.Mandatorycertificationrequirementsareadoptedformajorrenovationsinlargeexistingresidentialandnon-residentialbuildingsinallmemberstates.Voluntaryrequirementsfornetzero-carbonrenovationsareincludedinthecertificationforallexistingbuildings.Certificationforretrofitproductsismorewidelyadopted.Mandatorycertificationrequirementsareadoptedformajorrenovationsinallexistingresidentialandnon-residentialbuildingsinallAMS.Mandatoryrequirementsfornetzero-carbonrenovationsareincludedinthecertificationforallexistingbuildings.Allbuildingretrofitproductsarecertifiedaccordingtothestandards.16Considerationisforbuildingsabove1000m²,whiletheenergyefficiencyindex(EEI)forgovernmentofficebuildingsis130kWh/m²andforcommercialbuildingsis180kWh/m².RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE91IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.EB.4.3.AdoptbuildingenergylabellingCurrentstatus:FewlabellingprogrammesexistintheAMSforexistingbuildings.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonVoluntarylabellingschemesdevelopedforexistingbuildings.Mandatorylabellingschemesareadoptedfor50%ofexistingbuildingsinallAMS.MandatorybuildinglabellingisadoptedforallexistingbuildingsinallAMS.Near-termrecommendationstosupportbuildingperformancestandardsEnactenergyperformancestandardsforexistingbuildingsIncreasethedepthofrenovation.Enabledeepenergyrenovationsthatreduceenergyconsumptioninexistingbuildingsby30-50%ormore.InAsia,thebuildingstockthatwasconstructedmorethan25yearsagowillbegintorequiremoresubstantialmaintenanceandrefurbishment,particularlyinlargeurbancentresacrosstheregion.Theestablishmentofspecificstandardsandcodesfortherefurbishingofexistingbuildingenergyperformanceisneeded.Adoptenergyperformancecodesandstandardsforexistingbuildings.Implementstandardsthatrequireimprovementstothebuilding’senergyperformanceoftheenvelopeorsystemswhenundertakingsignificantworks,whethertheywerepartofanenergyretrofitornot.Itisimportantthatbuildingenergycodesaredevelopedwithrespecttoparticularsegments(e.g.commercial,multifamilyresidentialandsinglehomes)toensurethatrefurbishmentsarecarriedouttoaligntheperformanceofexistingbuildingswiththeircost-effectivepotential.Strengthencompliancewithcodesandstandardsanddefineappropriatecompliancecheckprocedures.PromoteenergyperformancecertificationprogrammesAdoptcertificationstandardsforexistingbuildingswiththerequirementsforminimalenergyperformanceaftertherenovation.Establishindependentindustry-ledtestingfacilitiesforretrofitproducts’testingandcompliance.AdoptbuildingenergylabellingBuildinglabelling:Quantitativebuildingenergylabellingcanbeusedtoassessbuildingenvelopeandsystemcharacteristicsonascalefromlesstomoreefficient.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE92IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TrackingProgressIndicatorsareanimportanttoolforunderstandingthechangesinconditionsthataffectwhetherprogresstowardsatargetofnetzero-carbonbuildingsandconstructionisbeingmade.Forexistingbuildings,indicatorsthattrackthepresenceandchangesinpoliciesthatseektoimprovebuildingperformance,suchasbuildingcodesandbylawsforexistingbuildings,minimumenergyperformancestandardsforsystems,buildingperformancelabellingandperformancebenchmarks,areimportantelementsfortheunderstandingofwhetherexistingbuildingsareareincreasingthezero-carbonstock.Potentialindicatorsfortrackingprogressatanationalscalemayinclude:[EB.1.1]Presenceofminimumrequirementsforinsulationandemissivefabricmaterialsinbuildingenergycodes[EB.1.2]Presenceofminimumrequirementsforsolarandthermalcontrolglazinginbuildingenergycodes[EB.1.3]Presenceofminimumrequirementsforsolarshadinginbuildingenergycodes[EB.2.1]Valueofretrofitmarketactivitybybuildingtypebasedonsurveysofcompanies’annualturnover[EB.2.2]Numberoftrainedandcertifiedretrofitprofessionals[EB.2.3]Levelofawarenessofbuildingenergycodesandcertificationfeaturesmeasuredthroughsurveysamongconstructionprofessionals[EB.2.3]Levelofawarenessandrankingofbuildingenergycodesandcertificationsmeasuredthroughsurveysofbuildingbuyersandtenants.[EB.3.1]Presenceofqualitystandardsforbuildingretrofits[EB.3.2]Presenceof/Adoptionofaqualitymarkorcertificationschemeforretrofits[EB.4.1]Presenceofbylawsthathaveintegratedminimumenergyperformancestandardsforexistingbuildings[EB.4.1]Presenceofnationaland/orstatemandatorybuildingenergycodesforrefurbishmentofresidential,commercialandpublicbuildings[EB4.2]Presenceof/Percentageof/NumberofGreencertifiedrefurbishedbuildings[EB4.3]Proportionof/NumberoftotalgreencertifiedrefurbishedbuildingsRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE93IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ActionArea4:MaterialsIntroductionThissectiondiscussesmeasurestoreducetheembodiedcarbonofbuildings,recognisingthatalmost11%ofglobalemissionsarecausedbytheextraction,manufacturingofbuildingmaterialsandconstructionofbuildings(IEA,2020b).Thisshareislikelytoincreaseinthefuture,giventhecontinuousinfloorareagrowth,80%ofwhichwillbebuiltinemergingeconomiesanddevelopingmarketsby2050(IEA,2021b),andahighdemandforhigh-risebuildingstoaccommodategrowingurbanpopulations.GHGemissionsandenergyconsumptionarelinkedtoeveryphaseofthelifecycleofmaterials,fromextractionorharvestingtomanufacturing,transportation,construction,useanddemolitionanddisposal.Therefore,embodiedcarbonisthesumimpactofallthecarbonemissionsattributedtothematerialsthroughouttheirlifecycle.Reducingtheembodiedcarbonfrommajorbuildingcomponentssuchascementandsteelwillbekeytodecarbonisingconstruction(IEA,2019a).Itisrecognisedthatthesesectorsareamongthehardesttodecarbonise.Thereforeitwillrequireconcertedactionalongmultipledimensions–fromloweringthedemandformaterials,promotingswitchestolow-carbonandbio-basedmaterials(i.e.theoriginofthematerialiseitherplant-basedoranimal-based),tomaximisingenergyefficiencyinmanufacturingandswitchingawayfromcarbon-intensivesourcesofenergy(ETC,2018).Therearealsosignificantopportunitiesforexpandingpracticesandsystemsthatenablethereuseandrecyclingofconstructionmaterials.CO2emissionsrelatedtosteelandcementuseinbuildingsbyscenario,cumulativefrom2019to2070IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Notes:Emissionsfrommaterialslostinsemi-manufacturingarenotincluded.STEPS=StatedPolicyScenario,SDS=SustainableDevelopmentScenario.Source:IEA(2020c).0.00.30.60.91.21.5201920302040205020602070GtCO2/yearMaterialmanufacturingLifetimeextensionPrecasting,prefabrication,reuse,recycling,materialpropertiesCement0.00.30.60.91.21.5201920302040205020602070SteelSTEPSSTEPSSDSSDSMaterialefficiencyRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE94IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.VisionforMaterialsMaterialsandconstructiontechniquesthatlowerembodiedcarbonandimproveenergyperformancearecommonlyappliedintheconstructionofnewbuildingsandrenovationofexistingones.CurrentcontextHighratesofurbanisationarepushingdemandformaterialsofhighembodiedcarbon,suchasiron,steel,cementandaluminium.Materialefficiencyincludinglightweighting,extendingbuildings’lifetimesandusingalternativematerialsandconstructiontechniquescouldreducetheGHGemissionsofresidentialbuildingsby50-80%(IRP,2020).TheAsiaPacificregionisoneofthelargestproducersandconsumersofbricksintheworld,withproductionestimatesofover1trillionannually,whichhavetraditionallybeenproducedusingtopsoilfromarablelands.Changestothesetraditionalmanufacturingapproachesrequirerethinkingproductionprocesses,labourandskillsandavailabilityofalternativehigher-gradematerials.Thechangealsorequiresatransformationofthemarkettomakeforbetterofferingsofandaccesstoproductsforboththeproducersandconsumersofbricks.Theneedtoshifttowardsaffordablelow-carbonandbio-basedmaterialsforuseinbuildingsconstructionintheregioniscriticaltoachievingawhole-lifenetcarbonisationofbuildings.Morewidespreadrecognitionofsuchmaterialswillhelppromotetheiradoption,alongsideshiftsintheprocurementprocess,andimportantly,certificationoflow-carbonmaterials.Examplesofgreenlabellingofmaterials,databasesandstandardsexistintheregion,e.g.inThailandandVietNam.However,dataonembodiedenergyorembodiedcarbonperunitofthematerialislargelyunavailable.Further,theadoptionofalternativeconstructionmethodscanhelpimprovetheenergyefficiencyofconstructionandthereductioninmaterialwastes,thoughitcomesatahighercostduetothedemandformoreskilledlabour.Goodexamplesofalternativeconstructionmethodsexist,e.g.useoflow-carbonconcreteandmassengineeredyimberinSingapore(DfMAinSingapore),whichcanreduceembodiedcarbonemissionswhilereducingconstructiontimesandwaste,andincreasingsafetyandreliability.TheWorldGreenBuildingCouncil’sAsiaPacificEmbodiedCarbonPrimer(2020)establishedacomprehensiveframeworktoreducetheembodiedcarbonemissionsofconstructionintheregion.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE95IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Currentstatusofpoliciesforlow-carbonmaterialsCountryStandardsorlabelsforembodiedcarbonorenergyLifecyleanalysis(LCA)methodologyGreenpublicprocurementBruneiDarussalamCarbonemissionsrequirements:Allfacilitiesandagentsthatemitandabsorbgreenhousegasesareexpectedtosubmittheircarbondataonamonthlyandyearlybasis.CambodiaGreenCityStrategicPlanningMethodology:Newbuildingpermitstoincludestandardsforenergy-efficientequipmentandmaterials.IndonesiaIncludedinRegulationofMinistryofPublicWorksNo.21/2021:fornewbuildings,assessmentparametersaretheuseofeco-labellingcertifiedmaterialsforconstruction;localconcretematerialsandmanufacturerscertifiedtoISO14001.IndonesianRoundtableonGreeningtheNationalDevelopmentPlan(2013)Includesprojectsthataimtoencouragetheproductionandconsumptionofsustainablematerials.LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublicMalaysiaConstructionIndustryStandard(CIS)20:2012(bothvoluntary).Malaysialifecycleinventorydatabase.GreenTechnologyMasterplan2017-2030aimstostrengthengreentechnologythroughGreenInvestmentTaxAllowancesongreentechnologyequipment/assetsandGreenIncomeTaxExemptionforgreentechnologyserviceproviders.TheMyHIJAUMarkcertifiesandinventoriesgreenproducts.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE96IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountryStandardsorlabelsforembodiedcarbonorenergyLifecyleanalysis(LCA)methodologyGreenpublicprocurementMyanmarPhilippinesIncludedinGREEENcertificationassessment.NewConstruction(BERDE-NC).BERDE(BuildingforEcologicallyResponsiveDesignExcellence)isusedtoassessbuildings.SingaporeSingaporeGreenBuildingsProducts,NEAMandatoryEnergyLabellingScheme.IncludedinGreenMark2021undertheWholeLifeCarbonsection.ProcurementrequirementsforanumberofproductsusedinthepublicsectorunderGreenGov.SGinitiativesThailandIncludedinThaiRatingofEnergyandEnvironmentalSustainability(TREES).Includingmaterialre-use,recyclingandlocallyproducedmaterialswithlowpollutionandenvironmentalimpact.HighEnergyPerformanceStandard(HEPS)andLabelling(BuildingMaterialsbyDEDE).TheConstructionCarbonReductionCertificationisavoluntaryinitiativeaimedatencouragingnon-residentialbuildingownerstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsbyreducingelectricityconsumption,fossilfuelconsumptionandwastegeneration.Greenpublicprocurementplan(PollutionControlDepartment).VietNamVietnamGreenBuildingCouncil(VGBC)establishedInventoryofGreenBuildingmaterialsASEANMRAindevelopmentforBuildingsandConstructionMaterials.AsiaPacificEmbodiedCarbonPrimer.Note:Blankareasofthetableindicatethatnorelevantinformationwasfoundduringdatacollection.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE97IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofstrategyformaterialsSummaryofmilestonesformaterialstowardsnetzero-carbonIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TheRoadmap’sstrategyforreducingtheembodiedenergyandembodiedcarbonemissionsofbuildingmaterialsinASEANincludesfourkeyactionsintheareaofMaterials(M):1.Promotenewdesignandconstructionpracticesformaterialefficiency.2.Collectdataandpromotedisclosureofembodiedcarbonemissions.3.Decarboniseproductionofcarbon-intensivematerials.4.Governmentsleadbyexampletocreatedemandforlow-carbonmaterials.WithintheseActionstheRoadmapsuggeststhirteenActivities(e.g.M.1.1,M2.2,etc.)relatedtomaterials.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE98IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofRoadmapstrategyforMaterialsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Asmulti-stakeholdercollaborationisoneoftheoverarchingprinciplesofthisRoadmap,itisimportanttoconsiderwhichstakeholdergroupscouldbeinvolvedinthedeliveryofeachactivity.VariousstakeholdergroupsshouldbeinvolvedintheactivitiesundertheMaterialsactionareainordertoensuretheireffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE99IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.StakeholdermappingforMaterialsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ofappliancesandmaterials.Includesproducttestersandcertifiers.includingacademia,non-governmentalorganisations,researchinstitutions,socialnetworksandcommunityassociations.Note:Thedarkerthecolour,thehighertheimportanceofthatstakeholdergroupfortheactivityandthemoreessentialthegroupisfortheactivity’seffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE100IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Actions,ActivitiesandTimelinesM.1:PromotenewdesignandconstructionpracticesformaterialefficiencyM.1.1.BoostcapacityofdesignersandmanufacturersCurrentstatus:Minimaladoptionoflocallow-carbonmaterialsortechniquesformaterialefficiency,whichincludesdesigningforlonglife,flexibility,deconstruction,lightweighting,etc.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonTrainingstrategyisdevelopedtobuildcapacityofdesignersandmanufacturersondesigningforlowembodiedcarbonemissions.Developguidelinesforapplyingmaterialefficiencyprinciplestocommonbuildingtypes,includinghigh-densityhousing.Guidelinesforreducingtheembodiedcarbonemissionsofnewconstructionsmainstreamedacrossallsectors,enablinga50%reductioninembodiedcarbonemissions.Principlesforlowembodiedcarbondesignaremainstreamedamongbuildingdesignersandmanufacturersofbuildingcomponentstoenablenetzeroembodiedcarbonemissionsfornewbuildings.M.1.2.ProvideincentivesforhighmaterialefficiencyCurrentstatus:Nospecificincentivesformaterialefficiencyidentified,thoughmaterialsmeasuresarecommoningreenbuildingcertificationprogrammes.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonIncentivesforre-useandrecyclingofmaterialsandcomponents,forbuildinglifetimeextensionetc.inallcountries.Promoteintensifieduseofexistingassets(i.e.limitbuildingvacancy,favourmixeduses).Incentiveslinkedtoperformancestandardsforembodiedcarbonemissions.Materialefficiencyoptimisedtozero-carbonacrossallsectors.M.1.3Reduceconstructionanddemolition(C&D)wasteCurrentstatus:VariationinpracticestoreduceC&Dwaste,lowuseofcirculareconomyprinciples,thoughcommonlyincludedincriteriaforgreenbuildingcertificationprogrammes.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllbuildingcodestoincludemandatorymeasurestoreduceC&Dwaste.Recyclingandreuseofmaterialsaremainstreamandreach40%formaterials,e.g.glass,steelandcompositewoodproducts.Reductionofon-siteC&Dwasteof30%.Recyclingandreuseofmaterialsaremainstreamandreach60%forbuildingmaterials,glass,steelandcompositewoodproducts.ReductionintotalamountofC&Dwasteto50%.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE101IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Near-termrecommendationstopromotenewdesignandconstructionpracticesformaterialefficiencyBoostcapacityofdesignersandmanufacturersTrainingofprofessionals:Providetrainingprogrammesforserviceandproductprovidersofbuildingsandconstruction(architects,engineers,contractors,etc.)regardinghowtodesignbuildingswithlowerembodiedlifecyclecarbonemissions.Includehowtoassessembodiedcarbonemissions,howtouseEnvironmentalProductDeclarations,howtoperformLCAs,howtoadaptdesignandconstructiontechniquestolowerembodiedcarbonemissionsinconstruction,howtoachievehigh-densitydevelopmentswithoutrelyingontallstructures(i.e.reducingrelianceonconcreteandsteel);howtocorrectlyplanforendoflife,andothercirculardesignprinciples.Thiswillrequiredatacollectionandanalysistoenablethecreationofdatabasesandresourceplatforms.Developanetwork/groupofgreenmaterialprovidersacrossandbeyondtheregionthatcouldfocusonincreasingtheavailabilityofmoreaffordablematerialstoASEANmarkets.Providetrainingonhowtocomplywithpoliciessuchaslabelling,EnvironmentalProductDeclarations,disclosureandLCA.Developeducationalprogrammesincludingprimary,secondary,vocational,universityandadulteducation,toenableincreasedknowledgeofsustainablebuildingmaterials.Developaccreditationsystemsforprofessionalswiththesedesignskills.Trainingofproduct/materialmanufacturers:Providetrainingtoindustryregardinghowtodecreasetheembodiedcarbonemissionsofmaterials,howtoincreaseefficiencyinmanufacturingandconstructionprocesses,howtoenhancetheuseoflocalmaterials,howtoplanforendoflife,howtoincreaserecyclingandreuse,andothercirculardesignprinciples.Providetrainingonhowtocomplywithpoliciesregardinglabelling,EnvironmentalProductDeclarations,disclosure.Topicstocoverincapacitybuilding:lightweightingstructures;achievinghigh-densitydevelopmentswithoutrelyingontallstructures(i.e.reducingrelianceonsteelandconcrete);usingappropriateLCAtoolsandmethodologies.ProvideincentivesforhighmaterialefficiencyReducedemand:Developapproachesforloweringthedemandforbuildingandconstructionmaterialsthroughdesignbriefsandconstructionapproachesthatreducetheneedforaddedmaterials.Thisinturnwillhelptoreduceextractionofkeynaturalresources,e.g.sandforbuildingmaterials.Encouragerelianceonrecycledorrepurposedmaterialsintheconstructionofnewbuildings:SupportthedevelopmentofmaterialreuseandrecyclingprocessesthatRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE102IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.canreducethelifecycleembodiedenergyandemissionsandincreasetheuseofrepurposedmaterialsinproductmanufacturingandinbuildingandconstructionprojects.ReduceconstructionanddemolitionwasteIncentiviserepurposingofbuildingsratherthandemolishingofthem,aswellasreusingandrecyclingofbuildingwasteattheendofbuildings’lifetimes.Mandateplansandsystemsforcollectionandreuse/recyclingofconstructionanddemolitionwaste.Improvedeconstructionprocessesincludingviathedevelopmentofguidelinesorprotocolsfordeconstructionandselectivesortingofwaste.ExamplesSingaporeprefabricatedmaterials:PrefabricatedmaterialsarebeingusedinSingaporetoreduceconstructiontime,increaseproductivityandreducewaste.Singapore’suseofprefabricatedprefinishedvolumetricconcretefortheBrownstoneExecutiveCondominiummeant55000fewerman-days,increased“productivityandefficiencyby40%”andalsoincreasedsafetyandreducedwasteanddust(SingaporeBCA,2021).SingaporeGreenBuildings:Singaporehasbeenadoptingmeasurestoincreasetheuseofrecyclablematerialsandgreentechnologiessince2005.Forexample,EunoiaJuniorCollegewasbuiltusingaMassEngineeredTimbersystem,forwhichthewoodisextractedfromsustainablymanagedforests,andhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanothermaterialssuchassteelandcarbon.Anotherexampleisthe11TampinesConcourse,acommercialbuildingthatwasbuiltusingimprovedconcrete,whichhaslesssandinitscomposition,beingreplacedbycopperslag,recycledconcreteaggregatesandgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslag.Thailand:HighefficiencybuildingmaterialsarepromotedthroughtheEnergySavingLabelProgrammeunderDEDE.Thebuildingmaterialsthathavelabelsincludefibreglassinsulation,glass,film,paint,rooftilesandbricks.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE103IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.M.2:CollectdataandpromotedisclosureofembodiedcarbonemissionsM.2.1.CreatedatabasesandadoptLCAmethodologiesCurrentstatus:MinimalLCAassessments,partlyduetoalackofdata.NolocalorregionalLCAmethodologiesortools.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonDevelopregionalmethodologyforassessmentofwholelifecarbonemissions,prioritisingmostcommonconstructionmaterialsandmostpromisingalternatives.LCArequiredinallgreenbuildingcertificationsystems.Incrementallyincreasetheaccuracy/detailofLCAcalculationsasdatabecomeavailable.Mandatorywhole-buildingLCAsforallnewprojectsandmajorrenovations.M.2.2.DevelopbenchmarksandtargetsCurrentstatus:Veryfewcountrieshaveminimumenvironmentalstandardsforbuildingmaterialsorbenchmarksofembodiedcarbonemissionsperbuildingtype.Somegreenbuildingcertificationincludestheassessmentofmaterials.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonBenchmarkingmethodologyisdevelopedforbuildingtypesbasedonLCAmethodologies.Embodiedcarbonemissionbenchmarksdevelopedtoinformcertificationandlabellingprogrammes.Embodiedcarbonemissionbenchmarksforallbuildingtypesandcountriesdrivecontinuousimprovement.M.2.3.PromotedisclosureofembodiedcarbonemissionsCurrentstatus:Minimaldisclosureoftotalembodiedcarbonemissionsofbuildingprojects.Verylittledataavailableondisclosedembodiedcarbon.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonReportingsystemandopenaccessdatabaseforassessmentofembodiedcarbonofcomponentsandprojects,feedingbenchmarkingandLCAtools.Requirementsfordisclosureingreenbuildingcertificationstandardsincluded.Disclosureofembodiedcarbonemissionsenablingthecreationofbenchmarksismainstream.Mandatorydisclosureofembodiedcarbonemissionsforcontinuousimprovementofbenchmarks.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE104IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.M.2.4.PromotecertificationandlabellingstandardsCurrentstatus:MinimaluseoflabelsforembodiedcarbonemissionsorenvironmentalimpactsofmaterialssuchasEnvironmentalProductDeclarations.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonEnvironmentalProductDeclarationsandmandatorylabellingformainmaterialsandcomponents.Requirementsincludedingreenbuildingcertificationstandards.Labellingandcertificationforallmaterials/componentsinallcountries.Widespreaduseofenvironmentalimpactlabelsofmaterialsandcomponents.Near-termrecommendationstosupportcollectionofdataandpromotionofdisclosureofembodiedcarbonCreatedatabasesandadoptmethodologiestoenableLCAReviewexistingLCAmethodologiesforassessingembodiedcarboninbuildingprojects.Identifythemostsuitableonesforthenationalcontextandrecommendthemforutilisationatthenational,subnationalandlocallevels.RegionalcooperationfordevelopmentofLCAmethodologyforembodiedcarbonemissionscouldbeparticularlyeffective,savetimeandresources,andimprovedataquality.IncludetherequirementofLCAsingreenbuildingcertificationandlabellingprogrammes.DevelopbenchmarksandtargetsDevelopadatabase,suchasformaterialinventoriesandaccountingsystemsthatcanbeaccessedbyallrelevantstakeholdersandthatallowscomparisonsandcalculations,whichcanbeanimportantfirststepintacklingembodiedemissions.Developguidanceontheuseofmethodologiesandstandardsformakingcalculationsandassessments.Developbenchmarksandtargetsbybuildingtypeandbysector,basedondatacollectedthroughdisclosureprogrammes.Ensureregularrevisionandupdateofbenchmarksandtargets,whicharebasedonregularupdatingofmaterialsdatabases.PromotedisclosureofembodiedcarbonDevelopreportingsystemsandopenaccessdatabasesforassessmentofembodiedcarbonofcomponentsandprojects,feedingbenchmarkingandLCAtools.Includerequirementsfordisclosureingreenbuildingcertificationstandards.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE105IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.IncludeembodiedcarbonemissionsdisclosureinsubmissiontoASEANEnergyAwardsEnergyEfficiency,GreenBuildingandZeroEnergyBuildingawardcategories,andeventuallyacategoryfornetzero-carbonbuildingsovertheirlifecyclePromotecertificationandlabellingstandardsDevelopmandatorylabellingformainmaterialsandcomponentsofbuildingprojects.Includerequirementsformaterialswithlowembodiedcarbonintogreenbuildingcertificationstandards.ExamplesMalaysiaGreenPerformanceAssessmentSystem:TheGreenPerformanceAssessmentSystem(GreenPASS)wasdevelopedbytheConstructionIndustryDevelopmentBoard(CIDB)in2012tofocuspurelyontheenvironmentalimpactsofcarbonemissionsfrombuildings’constructionandoperation.GreenPASSisalsoknownasConstructionIndustryStandard,CIS20:2021.Itincludesacomponentonmaterialswiththeaimtoreducetheenvironmentalimpactsofbuildingsthroughtheuseofmaterialswithlowembodiedcarbon(CIDB,2021).M.3:Decarboniseproductionofcarbon-intensivematerialsM.3.1.IncreaseinvestmentininnovationandR&DCurrentstatus:LowlevelsofinvestmentinR&Dintolow-carbonmaterialsandresourceefficiency,newmaterialsandmanufacturingprocesses.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonIncreasedregionalcollaborationforlow-carbonmaterialsandconstructiontechniques.Collaborationondevelopingastrategyfortheroleofnewtechnologies.Continuedregionalcollaborationoninnovation.Coordinatedinvestmentandregionalcollaborationforcontinuedinnovationandmarketdevelopment.M.3.2.PromotefuelswitchingandhigherefficienciesinmanufacturingofconstructionmaterialsCurrentstatus:Manufacturingprocesseswhichareenergy-intensiveandreliantonfossilfuelsarewidespreadwithheavyrelianceonimportedgoodsforconstructionmaterials.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonDevelopmentofstrategiesforthedecarbonisationofheat,e.g.usingbiomasswaste,wasteheatrecovery,heatpumps,solarthermalandgeothermalheat.Developmentoftheuseoflocalbiomasswastewhereappropriateandwasteheatrecoveryforprocesses.Electrificationofprocesses.ReductioninCO2fromenergyuseinmaterialproductionfromcurrentlevelsinalignmenttonetzero-carbon.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE106IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Acceleratedrolloutofauditsandenergymanagementsystemstooptimiseenergyefficiencyinindustry.Supportforlocalsupplyofmaterialstoreducetransport-relatedemissions.Encouragementofaswitchfromcementandsteeltolocally-sourcedbio-basedmaterialproduction,whichislesscarbonintensive.Adoptionofcurrentbuildingassessmenttools(BAT)inallsectors,aswellasEMS(energymanagementsystems)andenergynetworkstoshareknowledgeandexperiences.M.3.3.Developstrategiesfordecarbonisinghard-to-abatematerialproductionsectorsCurrentstatus:Thereislimitedinvestmentindecarbonisinglow-costmaterialsthatareusedforhigh-risedensitybuildingtypes.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonDevelopnationaldecarbonisationroadmapsforsteelandcement,includingthepotentialforcarboncaptureutilisationandstorage,aswellashydrogen.Specificdatesandtargetsfordecarbonisingkeysubsectorsasappropriatetothenationalcontextfor:steel,cement,aluminiumandglass.Establishedsupplychainstoimproveavailabilityoflow-costlow-carbonmaterials.Near-termrecommendationstosupportthedecarbonisationoftheproductionofcarbon-intensivematerialsIncreaseinvestmentininnovationandR&DDevelopmeasurestoenableandsupportbasicandappliedresearchintolow-carbon,bio-basedandlocally-sourcedmaterialsandsolutions;providesupporttodemonstrationprojects.Decarboniseenergy.ShiftinvestmentstowardsrenewableenergyonanenergysystemlevelaswellasonamanufacturingplantlevelPromotefuelswitchingandhigherefficienciesinthemanufacturingofconstructionmaterialsDevelopmeasurestoeffectivelyspeeduptheimplementationofenergyefficiencyinindustriesmanufacturingbuildingandconstructionmaterials.Promoteenergymanagement,developbestpracticeguidesandsupporttheadoptionofBATs.Includebuildingmaterialmanufacturingindustriesaspartofdemand-sidemanagementefforts.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE107IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Supportestablishment/engagementofmaterialdevelopment/testingfacilities/laboratoriesthroughinnovativeacademicandprivatesectoractorsandengagingofficialproductandmaterialcertificationbodies.Developstrategiesfordecarbonisinghard-to-abatematerialproductionsectorsImplementpoliciesthatenableimproveddesignandpurchasingdecisionsbasedonembodiedcarbonemissionsandenergy.Thiscouldbeachievedbycombiningpushlevers,suchascarbonpricing,taxincentives,subsidiesandregulationsonproductionofmaterials,withpulllevers,suchaspublicprocurementandregulationsontheconstructionsector.Developpoliciesthatensureallgovernmentbuildingsrelyonlow-carbonandefficientmaterialsbasedonLCAs.M.4:Governmentsleadingbyexampletocreatedemandforlow-carbonmaterialsM.4.1.MakecommitmentstoloweringembodiedcarbonemissionsofmaterialsCurrentstatus:Fewrequirementsforassessment,disclosure,orreductionintotalembodiedcarbonofbuildingprojects.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonGovernmentsandcompaniestodefinetargetsforreductioninembodiedcarbonemissionsinlinewithachievingnetzeroembodiedcarbonby2050orsoonthereafter.Targetof40%overallreductioninembodiedcarbonemissionsofnewconstructioncomparedtocurrentlevels.Netzeroembodiedcarbonemissionsformostnewbuildings,andnearzeroembodiedcarbonforallnewbuildings.M.4.2.PromotelowembodiedcarbonemissionsthroughpublicprocurementandpilotsCurrentstatus:Fewpublicprocurementrulesinvolvingembodiedcarbonemissions.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllfederalpublicprocurementusinglow-carbonmaterialsasarequirementwithintenderedcontracts.AtleastonezerowholelifecarbonemissionsdemonstrationprojectineachAMS,withextensivedatacollectionplanforevidenceofbenefitsandcosts.Allpublicprocurementusingzeroembodiedcarbonemissionswithintenderedcontracts.Supplychainsandmarketsforlow-carbonmaterialsestablishedforpublicandprivateprocurement.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE108IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.M.4.3.RaiseawarenessofbenefitsoflowembodiedcarbonconstructionCurrentstatus:Minimalawarenessofthebenefitsoflow-carbontechniquesormaterials.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonCollectdataonthebenefitsoflow-carbonconstructionasrelevanttocitizens,localgovernmentsandindustry.Keymaterialsforachievingnetzeroembodiedcarbonemissionsidentifiedandmainstreamed.Strongawarenesscampaignsbasedoncollectedevidencefrompilots.Continuousawarenessraisingwhichshowcasesthemultiplebenefitsoflow-carbonemissionsconstructionsothatitisviewedasthenorm.Near-termrecommendationstosupportgovernmentsleadingbyexampletoreduceembodiedcarbonofmaterialsMakecommitmentstoloweringembodiedcarbonofmaterialsRequireembodiedcarbonemissionsassessmentsorLCAstobeundertakenonallnewmajorandpublicinvestments.Requirepublicbodiestodiscloseinformationonportfolioand/orasset-levelembodiedcarbonemissions.Providefinancialproductstoinvestorstoincentiviselow-carbonprojectsandbusinessmodels,andsupporttheuseofpreferentialloansormortgagestostimulateamarketforlow-carbonmaterials.Promotelow-carbonpublicprocurementandpilotsIntegrateconsiderationsofembodiedcarbonemissionsinplanningandbuildingregulations,requiredisclosureforallnewconstructionandforlargerenovationprojects,initiatelow-carbonmaterialspilotprojectsandprovidedevelopmentincentivestoprojectdevelopers(seeUP2.1).Includerequirementsinpublictenderedcontractstouselow-carbonmaterialsforpublicprocurement.RaiseawarenessofthebenefitsoflowembodiedcarbonconstructionProvideinformationandraiseawareness.Promotecapacitybuildingonlow-carbonmaterialsandtechnologies(e.g.bio-basedmaterialssuchaswood,bamboo,strawandearthconstructionsandinnovativeconcrete)amongprofessionalsinvolvedinthebuildingdesignandconstructionprocess.Providetools,trainingandcapacitybuilding;conductorcommissionresearchintolow-carbonmaterialsandapproaches.Carryoutorcommissioncasestudiestoconveythebenefitsofusinglow-carbonmaterialsandraiseawareness.Providetrainingtogovernmentagenciesaboutcollectingdataonembodiedcarbonemissionsofmaterialsandbuildingprojects,andtrainingonthedevelopmentofanintegratedpolicyportfoliotowardszeroembodiedcarbonemissionsbuildingsandconstruction.ProvidetrainingonhowtodevelopRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE109IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.informationandassessmenttoolsforprojectdevelopers,designersandconsumerssuchasembodiedcarbonemissionsdisclosure,LCA,labellingandEPDs.Thesetoolsenableawarenessamongthebuildingcommunityandconsumers,allowingthemtomakeimprovedchoicesandpromotelower-carbondesign.ExamplesThailandGreenPublicProcurementProgramme:ThepromotionoftheGreenPublicProcurementPlan(GPPP)intheGovernmentofThailandstartedin2005withthePollutionControlDepartmentoftheMinistryofNaturalResourceandEnvironmentcommencingthedevelopmentofGreenPublicprocurementcriteriafor14productsand3servicesthatarecommonlyusedbygovernmentagencies.The2ndGPPP(2013-2016)focusedonincreasingadoptionofgreenprocurementingovernmentunits,supportingtheprivatesectortoincreaseavailabilityofgreenproductsonthemarketandpromotingbehaviourchangeamongconsumers.TheprogrammeispromotedbythePollutionControlDepartment,MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironment.AccordingtothePollutionControlDepartment,therearecurrently37productcategoriesintheGPPlist,andapproximately1400productsintheGPPdatabase.AdraftNationalActionPlanonPromotingGPP(2021-2027)hasbeenintheapprovalprocess.NationalbuildingmaterialsindustryinIndonesia:TheIndonesianbuildingmaterialsindustryproduceslightweightbricksor(autoclavedaeratedconcrete)thatcanbeusedinhigh-endbuildings.ThemanufacturingprocessusesGermanstandardsandthelightweightbrickshavemanyadvantages.Forexample,autoclavedaeratedconcretehelpsthebuildingtobemoreresistanttoshocksduringanearthquake,becauseitisalightermaterial,makingtheweightofthestructurelower.ThemarketforecologicalproductsisgrowinginIndonesia.TheecologicalproductcertificationGreenLabelIndonesiaisgiventoproductsandmaterialsthathavemetthecriteriarequiredbyanaudit,andprovidesalabelthatcanbeeasilyidentifiedinthemarket.TrackingProgressIndicatorsareanimportanttoolforunderstandingthechangesinconditionsthataffectwhetherprogresstowardsatargetofnetzero-carbonbuildingsandconstructionisbeingmade.Formaterials,indicatorsareimportantintrackingpoliciesthatseektoreduceembodiedcarbon,suchassettingminimumstandardsforembodiedcarbon,andawardingembodiedcarbonwithinbuildingperformancecertificates.Inaddition,toolsandinformationsuchastheapplicationofLCAmethods,datasharingandregistryofprojectswithlow-carbonspecification,areimportantelementstounderstandwhetherconstructionmaterialsarefosteringthemovementtozero-carbonbuildings.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE110IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Potentialindicatorsfortrackingprogressatanationalscalemayinclude:[M.1.1]Numberofcertifiedlow-carbonmaterialsbymaterialtypes.[M.1.1]Percentageornumberofaccreditedprofessionals(and/ortools)forassessingwholelifecarbonemissions.[M.1.1]Presenceofrequirementsforlow-carbonmaterialsingreenbuildingcertifications,adoptedinprogressive‘stretch’codes,andinregulations.[M.1.2]Availability/Amountofincentivesofferedforuseoflow-carbonmaterials.[M.1.3]Presenceofrequirementsforconstructionanddemolitionwasteminimisation,recyclingandreuseincertifications,adoptedinstretchcodes,andinregulations.[M.2.1]Presenceofdatabasesforlow-carbonmaterialsandLCAmethods.[M.2.2]Presenceofbenchmarksforlow-carbonmaterialsusingcomprehensiveLCAmethods.[M.2.3]Presenceofdisclosurerequirementsincertifications,adoptedinstretchcodesandinregulations.[M.2.4]Proportionof/NumberofbuildingsusingcertificationswithLCArequirements.[M.3.1]Amountspentonresearchanddevelopmentofzero-carbonmaterials.[M.3.2]Presenceofstrategiesandpolicyframeworksfordecarbonisingmanufacturingandconstructionmaterialsusedinbuildings.[M.3.3]Presenceofstrategiesandpolicyframeworkfordecarbonisinghard-to-abatematerialproductionsectors.[M.4.1]Presenceofcommitmentstolowerembodiedcarbonemissionsfrommaterials,theirlevelandtargetdates.[M.4.2]Presenceofpublicprocurementproceduresandtenderrulesthatrequireutilisationoflow-carbonmaterialsinconstructionandrenovationprojects.[M.4.2]Presence/Numberofprojectsthatcomplywithpublicprocurementproceduresandtenderrulesthatrequireutilisationoflow-carbonmaterialsinconstructionandrenovationprojects.[M.4.3]Levelofawarenessofbenefitsoflow-carbonconstructionmeasuredthroughsurveysofconstructionprofessionals.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE111IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ActionArea5:SystemsandoperationsIntroductionWhilethedeliveryofzero-emission,efficientandresilientneworrenovatedbuildingsisessential,itisequallyimportanttoensurethatbuildingssystemsareefficientandoperatingaccordingtotheirmanufacturedspecifications.Energy-consuminglighting,appliancesandequipmentsystemscommonlyhaveashorterlifetimethanthebuildingsthemselvesandoffersignificantopportunitiestoreduceemissionsinnewandexistingbuildings.Inaddition,adjustmentsofuserbehaviourandabuilding’soperationsmanagementinfluencetheenergyandemissionsperformanceofabuildingbydeterminingwhethersystemsareoptimisedtodelivertheirserviceonlywhenrequired,forexamplebyprovidingcoolingandlightingonlywhenspacesareoccupied,oriftheyinefficientlywasteresources,forinstancebyoperatingairconditionersattemperaturesetpointsthatarelowerthanneeded.Toachievesustainabilityoveritslifetime,abuildingneedstobeoperatedandmaintainedappropriatelythroughout.Adequateoperationandmaintenanceresultnotonlyinenergysavings,butalsoincreasedqualityoftheinternalenvironment,promotinghealth,well-beingandproductivity.Theyalsofacilitatemaintenanceprocedures,enablingalongerlifeofthebuildingsandtheircomponents.VisionforsystemsandoperationsEnergy-efficientsystemsandmodesofoperationsthatnotonlyincreasecomfort,butreduceenergybillsandemissions.arewidelyadopted.CurrentcontextThenumberofenergyandbuildingmanagersacrossASEANwithafocusonimprovingenergyperformanceisgrowing.In2016,therewerearound12000certifiedenergymanagersandanidentifiedneedofanadditional6000,especiallyinIndonesia,Malaysia,ThailandandVietNam.AcrosstheAMS,asnotedintheNewBuildingssection,therearenumerousbuildingratingandcertificationschemes.Buildingsystemsperformance,RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE112IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.operationandmaintenance,commissioning,sub-meteringandcalibration,energymonitoringcontrols,andbuildingsystemautomationareamongthemaincriteriautilisedintheseratingschemes.Intermsofpoliciesandregulations(seeTablebelow)thereareanumberofpoliciesthatfocusonminimumenergyperformancestandards(MEPS)forbuildingsystems,inparticularairconditioning.However,thereareminimalpoliciesregardingbuildingoperationandmaintenanceintheregionthatseektoensuresystemsaremaintained.AchallengethatmustbeovercomewithintheAMSistheimprovementintheenergyefficiencyofairconditioners.TheIEAprojectsthatundercurrentstatedpolicies,efficienciesareexpectedtochangeveryslowlyandreachonly5W/Wto6W/WSEER(SeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatings)by2050,(FutureofCoolinginSoutheastAsia[IEA,2019b]).Applianceswithefficiencyhigherthan6W/Warealreadyavailabletoday,andinsomemarketsarenomoreexpensivethantheaverageavailable.TheFutureofCoolinginSoutheastAsiaestimatesthatinordertoaccommodatetheexpectedriseincoolingdemandandstayontracktowardsclimategoals,theglobalaverageefficiencyofairconditionersintheregionwillhavetoreachover9W/WSEERby2050.Thisgapsuggeststhatmuchworkneedstobedoneinthisarea(seetheRoadmaptowardsSustainableandEnergy-efficientSpaceCoolinginASEAN).ThroughtheASEANSHINEprogramme,supportforaligningstandardsforappliancesisbeingaddressedandeffortsthroughharmonisationofstandardsforairconditionersforenergyperformancetesting(ISO5151:2010)andtestinglaboratoriesonISO/IEC17025aremade.WithmostofSoutheastAsia’sbuildingenergyconsumptionisprojectedtobefromappliancesandairconditioning(IEA,2019c)userbehaviourplaysasignificantroleinensuringthatthesesystemsareusedefficiently.CurrentstatusofpoliciesforsustainablesystemsandoperationCountrySmartanddigitalsystemspoliciesMEPSandLabelling(S&L)PoliciesEnergymanagementBruneiDarussalamStandardsandEnergyLabellingforProductsandAppliances(underdevelopment)EnergyManagementPolicyingovernmentandcommercialsectorindevelopmentRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE113IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountrySmartanddigitalsystemspoliciesMEPSandLabelling(S&L)PoliciesEnergymanagementCambodiaAdoptedregionalMEPSforairconditionersandlabellingforenergy-efficientappliancesinPhnomPenhtobefullyadoptedby2026Indonesia100SmartCityMovement(inforce2017-2019)includedincentiveplanforsmartbuildings,especiallycoolingandlightingsystemsMEPSandenergyefficiencylabelsforACwereupdatedin2021MEPSandstarratingsforrefrigerators,fans,ricecookerswereestablishedin2021MEPSfordifferentlampcategoriesareunderdevelopmentMinisterofEnergyandMineralResourcesRegulationNo.14of2021concerningtheapplicationofminimumenergyperformancestandardsforenergy-consumingequipmentLargeenergyusers(>6000toeperannum)areobligedtoimplementenergyconservationmeasuresthroughenergymanagement.GovernmentRegulationNo.70/2009Standardsandtheimplementationphaseofenergyefficiencymeasuresinbuildings.MinisterofEnergyandMineralRegulationNo.14/2012onEnergyManagementLaoPDRMEPSforACisunderdevelopmentMalaysiaSmartCitiesFrameworkMalaysiaAdoptedregionalMEPSforairconditioners.MandatoryMEPS:AC,refrigerators,fans,lighting.Voluntarystandardbasedoninternationalstandard(ISO)forenergymanagementsystems(MSISO50001:2011)MyanmarNationalPolicyRoadmap.AdoptedregionallyharmonisedtechnologyneutralandmandatoryMEPS.Adopted(ISO16358)testingstandardsin2020.EstablishednationalsystemforMV&EVoluntarystandardbasedoninternationalstandard(ISO)onenergymanagementsystems(MMSISO500001:2011)PhilippinesPhilippinesEnergyPlan2016-2030tofocusonpromotingsmartenergyconsumersandsmarttechnologiesasacorestrategy.AdoptedregionalMEPSforAirConditionersEnergyEfficiencyandConservationAct(RepublicActNo.11285of2018)requiringmanufacturers,importersanddealerstocomplywiththeMinimumEnergyPerformanceStandards(MEPS)andtodisplaytheEnergyLabelshowingtheenergyrequirementsandconsumptionefficiency.TheActcoverslighting,airconditioners,refrigerators,TVsandwashingmachinesRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE114IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountrySmartanddigitalsystemspoliciesMEPSandLabelling(S&L)PoliciesEnergymanagementSingaporeSuperLowEnergyBuildingTechnologyRoadmapexamines“awidespectrumofemergingenergytechnologies,analysestheirinteractionandintegration”,andexplorestheirfeasibilityinthetropicalurbancontext.Mandatorylabellingoflighting,airconditioners,refrigerators,clothesdryers.EnergymanagementsystemsSSISO50001:2018basedoninternationalISOspecifiestherequirementsforestablishingandmaintainingenergymanagementsystems.ThailandMaintenanceandoperationperformanceinThai’sRatingofEnergyandEnvironmentalSustainability(TREES)(TGBI,2017);Smartgridpolicyadvisedforrenewableenergyprogress(indevelopment);Thailand4.0todeliveronsmartenergygoals(indevelopment);SmartCityDevelopmentAdoptedregionalMEPSforairconditioners;MandatoryMEPS:fans,refrigerators,andlighting.DEDEandEGAT(theElectricityGeneratingAuthorityofThailand)setoutHighEnergyPerformanceStandard(HEPS)(Voluntaryprogramme)Mandatoryenergymanagementsystemrequiringdesignatedbuildingstoconductenergymanagementandassignanenergymanager,withreportstobesubmittedtoDEDEyearly.VietNam7thPowerDevelopmentPlan(PDPVII)callsfortheintroductionofmoderntechnologiestoimprovereliabilityofgridandqualitycontrol,increaserenewableenergyuse,andpromotedemand-sidemanagementMandatoryMEPSandlabelling:AC,fans,refrigerators,washingmachines,kettles,laptops,electriccookers,televisions,lighting,severaltypesofofficeandcommercialequipmentDesignatedindustrialenergyandcommercialenergyusers(e.g.factories,supermarkets,hotelsandofficebuildings)of>750kVAarerequiredtoestablishanenergymanagementsystemandreportenergyreductionplansLawNo.50/2010/QH12of2011onEconomicalandEfficientUseofEnergyrequiresindustrialproducerstoincorporateenergymanagementprogrammeswithintheirprogrammesonqualitycontrol.ASEANRegionalMEPSactionplantopromoteharmonisationandPromotionofEnergyEfficiencyStandardsandLabellingonAirconditioningandLightingproducts.ASEANcountriestonotifyaminimumenergyefficiencyratio(EER)of2.9W/Worcoolingseasonperformancefactor(CSPF)of3.08W/Wby2020asmandatoryMEPSforallRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE115IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountrySmartanddigitalsystemspoliciesMEPSandLabelling(S&L)PoliciesEnergymanagementfixedandvariabledriveACsbelow3.52kWcapacities.TheMEPSwouldbeperiodicallyreviewedandrevisedatanintervaloffiveyearsorless.Note:Blankareasofthetableindicatethatnorelevantinformationwasfoundduringdatacollection.SummaryofstrategyforsystemsandoperationsSummaryofmilestonesforSystemsandOperationstowardsnetzero-carbonIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE116IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TheRoadmap’sstrategyforadvancingenergyefficiencyintheoperationofbuildingsandtheirsystemsinASEANincludesfourkeyactionsintheareaofSystemsandOperations(SO):1.Improvequality,availabilityandefficiencyofappliancesandsystems.2.Encouragetheuptakeofsustainableenergydevicesandsystems.3.Improveefficiencyofbuildingoperations.4.PromoteawarenessofsystemandoperationalenergyperformanceWithintheseActions,theRoadmapsuggestsfifteenActivities(e.g.SO.1.1,SO.2.2,etc.)relatedtosystemsandoperations.SummaryofRoadmapstrategyforSystemsandOperationsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Asmulti-stakeholdercollaborationisoneoftheoverarchingprinciplesofthisRoadmap,itisimportanttoconsiderwhichstakeholdergroupscouldbeinvolvedinthedeliveryofeachactivity.VariousstakeholdergroupsshouldbeinvolvedintheactivitiesundertheSystemsandOperationsactionareainordertoensuretheireffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE117IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.StakeholdermappingforSystemsandOperationsIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ofappliancesandmaterials.Includesproducttestersandcertifiers.includingacademia,non-governmentalorganisations,researchinstitutions,socialnetworksandcommunityassociations.Note:Thedarkerthecolour,thehighertheimportanceofthatstakeholdergroupfortheactivityandthemoreessentialthegroupisfortheactivity’seffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE118IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Actions,ActivitiesandTimelinesSO.1:Improvequality,availabilityandefficiencyofappliancesandsystemsSO.1.1.IntroduceandtightenminimumenergyefficiencystandardsCurrentstatus:MostoftheAMShavemandatoryandvoluntaryminimumenergyperformancestandards(MEPS)formostappliances.Performancelevelsfornationalstandardsareunequalinmeetinglatestinternationalstandardsofenergyperformance.Notallsystemsarecovered.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonMostappliancesandsystemsarecoveredbymandatoryMEPSandaprogressivepathwayisestablishedtoimproveperformancelevels.MEPSareincreasedinstringencyby50-100%inrelationto2020.Mandatory.progressivelystringentMEPSareimplementedforallmaintypesofappliances.SO.1.2.ExpandappliancelabellingprogrammesCurrentstatus:Someconsumerawarenessoflabelsacrosstheregion,butgreaterneedforimprovedinformationonapplianceandsystemperformance.Manyapplianceshavemandatorylabels,thoughinefficientproductsarestillwidelyavailable.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllappliancesandmainbuildingsystemsarecoveredbymandatorylabels.LabellevelsareintegratedwithMEPSbenchmarkswithprogressivestrengtheningoflevels.Allapplianceshavemandatorylabelswithcomprehensiveinformationforconsumersonenergyperformance.PerformancelabelsareraisedandreclassedbasedonMEPS.Fulluseoflabelsforenergyperformanceofapplianceswithmandatoryphaseoutofproductsbelowacertainthresholdforenergyperformance.SO.1.3.IncreasespendingonR&DCurrentstatus:LimitedlevelsofinvestmentinR&Dofenergyefficiencyofappliancesandsystemswithinregion.Low-costapplianceslackinvestmentinenergyefficiencyandremainexpensive.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAppliancemanufacturersdoubletheirinvestmentsinenergyefficiencyR&Dinrelationtothe2020level.Manufacturerscontinuetoinvestinimprovingenergyperformanceforlow-costappliancesandsystems.InvestmentlevelsinefficiencyR&Dtriplethelevelsfromthe2020baselineandallappliancesareonapathwaytoleastcosthighperformance.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE119IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SO.1.4.IncreaselocalmarketmanufacturingcapacityCurrentstatus:Therearenowlevelsoflocalenergy-efficientappliancesandsystemsmanufacturingacrosstheAMS,thoughhigh-endproductsaredevelopedtocompetewithinternationalproducts.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonPromotelocalappliancemanufacturingtoprioritiselow-costhigherperformanceproductsthroughincentives(e.g.grants,developmenttax,fiscalincentives,specificloans,etc.).Enhanceincentivesforregionaltradeoflocalmanufacturingandhighefficiencyappliances.Stronglocalmarkedmanufacturingofhighenergyperformingappliancesandsystems.Near-termrecommendationstosupportavailabilityandefficiencyofappliancesandsystemsIntroduceandtightenminimumenergyefficiencystandardsEstablishataskforceforapplianceenergyimprovementthatbringstogetherandchallengesappliancemanufacturerstofindnewandcheaperwaystoimproveefficiencyandgenerateeconomiesofscale.Developregionaltestinglaboratoriesandadoptmutualrecognitionagreements.Localmanufacturersrequirecertificationtestingofappliancesbyindependenttestinglabsinordertodeterminetheapplianceperformancelevels.Developpartnershipsbetweengovernmentandindustrytodeveloptestinglabsforindustryuse.ImplementtheASEANProductRegistrationSystemtomonitorthecompliancewithstandardsandlabelling.SupporttheexchangeofproductinformationdatabaseswithotherAMStosupporttheMEPSharmonisationintheregion,suchasthroughtheProductRegistrationSystemdevelopedbyACEandUNEPforappliancesinASEAN.IncreaseparticipationinappliancelabellingprogrammesDevelopnationalenergyefficiencystandardsandlabellingprogrammeframeworksforeachAMSwithafocusonestablishingorexpandingapplianceratinglabelsandendorsementlabelsforappliancesandsystems.AlignperformancelevelsofthelabellingsystemwithMEPSandensurethatbothareregularlyupdated.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE120IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.IncreaselocalmarketmanufacturingcapacityProvideincentivestoimproveenergyperformanceoflocally-manufacturedappliances,forinstancethroughVATrebates,conditionalgrantsorloans,orR&Dtaxincentives.ExamplesVietNamMEPSRequirements:VietNamhasimplementedmandatoryMEPSandlabellingforarangeofappliances,includinglighting,refrigerators,washingmachines,televisions,ricecookersandfans.VietNamprovidestaxincentivesforbusinessesmanufacturingenergy-efficientappliancesandequipment,aninitialexemptionfromcorporatetaxandthena50%ratefortwotothreeyears.MalaysiaSustainabilityGrants:MalaysiaannouncedthethirdphaseofSustainabilityAchievedviaEnergyEfficiency(SAVE3.0),underwhichgrantsarebeingprovidedtothegeneralpublicforthepurchaseofhighlyefficientappliances.ThisprogrammeoffersaRM400(approximatelyESD95)e-rebateforhouseholdstopurchaseenergy-efficientappliancesthatreceiveda4-or5-starenergyefficiencylabelfromtheEnergyCommission.Theprogrammeallowshouseholdstobuyanenergy-efficientrefrigeratororairconditioner(maximumpriceofRM200)andalsooneofthefollowingappliances:television,washingmachine,microwaveovenorricecooker.Theprogrammeincludeslocally-manufacturedrefrigerators,airconditioners,washingmachinesandtelevisions.SO.2:EncouragetheuptakeofsustainableenergydevicesandsystemsSO.2.1.ExpandincentivesforpurchasingefficientsystemsCurrentstatus:Someincentivesforpurchasingspecifichigh-performancesystemsexistforsomebuildingtypesinsomeAMS,andlow-costconsumerappliancesaretypicallynotsubjecttoperformanceimprovementrequirementsorphaseout.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAstimulusscrappageschemeandsubsidies,rebates,taxcuts,zerointerestloansorgrantsforpurchaseofenergy-efficientproductsforreplacementoflow-costappliancesareintroduced.Incentiveschemetofocusonscrappageandreplacementsforlow-incomehouseholdsandmicro-financingforsmallbusinessesareintroduced.Strongadoptionofefficientsystemswithtargetedincentivesforhard-to-reachhouseholdsandsmallbusinessesistakingplace.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE121IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SO.2.2.Increaseavailabilityofsmartandefficientsystems&appliancesCurrentstatus:Fewbuildingsusedigitalsensors(e.g.smartmeters)andcontrolsinappliancesandsystems.Highperformancecoolingandapplianceshaveautomatisedandoptimisedcontrolsandthereisasmallmarketofappliancesusingdigitalsensorsandcontrols.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonStandardsforautomationofcoolingandventilationsystemsand“eco-mode”schedulinghavebeendeveloped.Abouthalfofallmid-rangeappliancesuseautomatedsystems.Severalmemberstatesarestartingtoadoptopenstandardsforautomatedsystems.Mostcoolingandventilationsystemsareautomated.Abouthalfhaveautomatedanddigitalcommunicationsystemsusingopenstandards.Automatedbuildingsystemswithdigitalsensorsandcontrolsareacommonpractice.Mostautomatedanddigitalcommunicationsystemsuseopenstandards.SO.2.3.ExpanduseofenergyperformanceandenergyservicecontractsCurrentstatus:SomeavailabilityofESCO(EnergyServicesCompany)contractingamongspecificbuildingtypes,particularlyinhigh-endbuildings,butthereislimitedfinancingandregulatoryallowanceforrisksharing.EmergingESCOmarketamongAMSwithstrongperformancemandates.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonPolicyframeworkthatsupportsESCOopportunitiesisdevelopedtofocusonreducingfinancingandoperationrisks.ASEANESCOassociationisestablishedtodemonstrateprojectsforESCOservicemodelsandtopromoteknowledgesharing.TheESCO-relatedlegislationisexpandedandrevisedtoreducelegalandfinancialbarriersforESCOoperations.StrongESCOmarketisfullyoperational,supportedthroughfinancialrisksharingandsavingsmodels.Near-termrecommendationstosupporttheuptakeofenergy-efficientandlow-carbondevicesandsystemsExpandincentivesforpurchasingefficientsystemsIncreasepartnerparticipationandengagement.Establishgovernmentandindustryinitiativesthatfocusonprovidingtheknowledgeandtoolsneededtohelpdesignandadaptstandardsandlabelling,procurement,andchangesinpolicysupport.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE122IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Developfinancialincentivesprovidedbyutilitiesandgovernmentsforconsumersandappliancemanufacturerstopromotethepurchaseofhighlyefficientappliances.Establishpoliciesforgovernmentprocurementofhighlyefficientequipmentandappliancesandguidelinesthatalsoincludeenergyefficiencyamonglow-costorlocal-contentrequirements.17Overcomingthesebarriersrequiresputtingbetterinformationandtoolsinthehandsoftheofficialsmakingprocurementdecisionsandoverseeingthoseprogrammes.Increaseavailabilityofsmartandenergy-efficientappliancesTheuseofsensorsandcontrolscanassistwithbettermanagementofkeyparametersofbuildingoperation,suchastemperature,amountoflightingandintensityofventilation.Installingenergymeteringandsystemcontrols,aswellaslinkingthemwiththebuilding’senergymanagementsystemwillenablebettermanagementofenergyuseandresultinenergysavings.Acrosstheregion,automatedcontrolscouldbeintegratedintodomesticappliances,suchasairconditioningsystems.Expanduseofenergyperformance/energyservicecontractsDevelopapolicyframeworkandsimplifiedadministrativeprocedures(wherepossible)toprovideguidanceonhowtomeasureandverifyenergysavingsachievedbyESCOs.InitiateenergyefficiencyprojectsinpublicbuildingsthroughESCOcompaniestoleadbyexampleanddemonstratefeasibilityofsuchprojects.ExamplesThailandInternetofThings(IoT):TheGovernmentBuildingMeteringprojectimplementstheIoTbyinstallingdigitalelectricitymetersandmanagementsystemstocollectandanalysereal-timeelectricityconsumptiondataofbuildings(suchastheirspecificenergyconsumption),thatcanhelptoimprovetheirenergyefficiency(DEDE,2012)Theprojectwasimplementedin2018andincludedasubsidyprogrammeforIoTtechnologyfordesignatedbuildingsandfactories.Theprogrammecoveredupto20%ofthetotalcostsoftheIoTsystem’sinstallation(limitedtoTHB2million–aroundUSD46000).Thepaybackmaximumwassevenyearsandtherewasarequirementforbothmonitoringandcontrols.Duringtheproject2146digitalmeterswereinstalledin261buildings(157hospitalsand104offices).17Local-contentrequirementsarepoliciesimposedbygovernmentsthatrequirefirmstousedomestically-manufacturedgoodsordomestically-suppliedservicesinordertooperateinaneconomy.Theyareknowntohavecostsandbenefitsthatmustbecarefullyconsidered.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE123IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SmartcitiesinThailand:Thecountryaimstoreach100smartcitiesby2024throughtheThailand4.0initiative,whichisgearedtopromotingandsupportinginnovation,R&Dandsuperiorandgreentechnologies,withsmartcitiesasacorepillar.Thegoalistoequipcitieswithsensors,integrateddatasystemsandabuildingleveldigitaltwintomonitorandpredictextremeweathereventsandnaturaldisasters.FromMaytoJuly2020,39citiessubmittedproposalsforevaluationandapprovaltotheNationalSteeringCommitteeonSmartCityDevelopmenttojointhescheme.Theproposalswereforestablishedcityareastoapplysmartcitygoals:aninfrastructureinvestmentandadevelopmentplan,animplementationprojectforanopenandsecurecitydataplatform,smartcitysolutionsandasustainablemanagementmodel.AnexampleoftheinitiativeisPhuket–Thailand'sfirstsmartcity.Localcompanieswereencouragedtousesustainableenergybecauseofthehighdemandinpeaktourismperiods.ThecityalsoworkedincollaborationwiththeElectricityGeneratingAuthorityofThailand(EGAT)toencourageefficientenergyuseandtheswitchtoalternativesourcessuchassolarphotovoltaics.SO.3:ImproveefficiencyofbuildingoperationSO.3.1.IncreasetheadoptionofBuildingandEnergyManagementSystems(BMS,EMS)Currentstatus:BMSsystemsarelimitedtohigh-endnon-residentialbuildingsandhigh-performancebuildingsystemsinrecentlyrenovateddevelopmentsacrosstheAMS.FewbuildingsareusingintegratedoptimisedBMSandEMS.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonBMSandEMSarebeingusedamonglargerandenergyintensivebuildings,suchashotels,hospitalsandcommercialoffices.MostlargebuildingsuseBMSand/orEMS.WideuseofoptimisedBMSand/orEMSinallbuildingtypes.SO.3.2.IncreaseadoptionofenergyauditsCurrentstatus:EnergyauditsarelimitedacrosstheAMSwithsomeauditingundertakenforlargebuildingsinfewjurisdictions.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAminimumsizeandenergyusethresholdforbuildings’usearedeveloped,abovewhichbuildingsaremandatedtoundertakeenergyaudits.Energyauditsarerequiredforpublicbuildingsataregularinterval(e.g.3-4years).Largenon-residentialandresidentialbuildingsarerequiredtoundertakeregularenergyaudits(e.g.every3-4years).Benchmarkrecommendationstopromotevoluntaryimprovementsareset.Allnon-residentialandresidentialbuildingsarerequiredtoundertakeregularenergyaudits(e.g.every3-4years).Benchmarkrecommendationsforimprovementsarebeingimplemented.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE124IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SO.3.3.IncreaseuseofmaintenancetoolsandrecommissioningCurrentstatus:Fewbuildingshaverobustoperationandmaintenancetoolsinplace.Therearesomeregulatedservices(i.e.gasappliancesandhotwatersystems)incommercialorpublicbuildingsusingoperationandmaintenancetools.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonOpenstandardsforoperationandmaintenancetoolsaredevelopedandvoluntaryadoptionthroughenergyauditschemesispromoted.Useofoperationandmaintenancetoolsgrows.Operationandmaintenancetools(includingopenstandarddigitaltools)andregistrationrequirementoftoolsforlargebuildingsarewidelyused.Allbuildingsareequippedwithoperationandmaintenancetools.SO.3.4.GrowcapacityofbuildingenergymanagersCurrentstatus:Thereislimitedenergyefficiencyliteracyamongbuildingmanagersandtherearefewcertificationschemesandtrainingprogrammesforenergyefficiency.Thereisagrowingnumberofcoursesandindustry-ledprogrammesforbuildingperformancemanagement.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonFrameworkforindustryandgovernment-ledtrainingprogrammesforbuildingenergymanagersisestablished.Associationofbuildingenergymanagersandrecertificationstandardsareestablished.Strongpresenceofhighlyskilledbuildingenergymanagersandassociations.Near-termrecommendationstosupportefficiencyofbuildingoperationsIncreasetheadoptionofBuildingandEnergyManagementSystems(BEMS)Withinthecommercialsector,advancedsystemssuchasBMSandEMS(buildingandenergymanagementsystems[BEMS])offersignificantpotentialforreducingenergyconsumedinbuildings,aswellasforprovidingimprovedcomfortandflexibilitytothebuildingusersandfacilitatingmaintenance.Trainingprofessionalstoinstallandoperatethesesystemsisrequiredtounlockthepotentialsavingswithintheexistingbuildingstock.TheuseofEMScanfacilitatetheadoptionofISO50001.ThedatacollectedbyEMSandBMSsystemsalsohavethepotentialtoenhancethebuildingdatastockquality,contributingtowardsbenchmarking,labelling,certificationormonitoringofbuildingspolicies,andtoenableenergymanagementstrategiessuchasthoseoutlinedintheISO50001standard.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE125IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.IncreaseadoptionofenergyauditsPromoteand,whererelevant,mandatetheuseofregularenergyauditstoidentifyinefficienciesinbuildingoperations.AcrossAsia,auditsarenotyetwidelyusedandwillprovideameaningfulprocessforregularcheckingofsystemperformance,particularlyamonglargeenergyusers.Theauditscanalsohelpcollectvaluabledataaboutthebuildingandequipmentstocks.IncreaseuseofmaintenancetoolsandrecommissioningAwarenessofgooduserhabitscanberaisedthroughcapacitybuildingandawarenesscampaigns,sustainedwithdatadescribingthebenefitsofusingenergymoreefficientlyandwithmoderation.Thisisparticularlyvalidintheresidentialsector,whereaccesstoappliancesandairconditionersisrisingrapidly.BuildcapacityofbuildingenergymanagersDevelopaframeworkfortrainingaswellasaccreditationmechanismsforbuildingenergymanagers.ExamplesVietNamincentivesforenergyefficiency:VietNamprovidestaxincentivesforbusinessesmanufacturingenergy-efficientappliancesandequipmentandrenewableenergy-consumingproductstobuildmanufacturefacilities,aswellasoffersimportdutyexemptionsandreductionsforenergy-efficientandrenewableenergy-consumingdevicesandequipment,whicharenotavailabledomestically.Cambodia’sfirstLEED-certifiedfactory:AgarmentfactoryinPhnomPenhisCambodia'sfirstLEED-gold-certifiedfactory,indicatingthatthesectorcancapitaliseonthesaleofcarboncreditsthroughtheClimateImpactX(CIX)platform.Cambodiaiscommittedtomeetingthe2030and2050carbonreductiontargets,withgreenbuildingsandnetzero-carbonbuildingsplayinganimportantparttoachievethisgoal.TheLEEDGoldandPlatinumbuildingscertificationgivestheopportunitytoissuegreenbonds.Thecarbonsavingscanbeconvertedintocarboncreditsandtraded,forexampleontheCIXexchange.Intheperiodof2016-2020,thegovernmentofCambodiasoldnearly10milliontonnesofcarboncredits.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE126IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SO.4:PromoteawarenessofsystemandoperationalenergyperformanceSO.4.1.IncreaseimplementationofenergyperformancedisclosureprogrammesCurrentstatus:ThereissomedisclosureofoperationalperformanceamongtheAMSmainlyforlargebuildings.Overall,fewcountriesrequireenergyusedisclosure.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonPolicyframeworkandlegislationforvoluntaryperformancedisclosureforlargebuildingsandspecificsectorsaredeveloped.Disclosureofenergyuseisrequiredforallpublicbuildings.Disclosureofenergyuseismandatoryforalllargeresidentialandnon-residentialbuildings.Disclosureofenergyuseismandatoryforallresidentialandnon-residentialbuildingsperformancewithwideconsumerawarenessofprogrammes.SO.4.2.IncreaseuseofratingtoolsandbenchmarkingCurrentstatus:VoluntarybenchmarkingprogrammesareusedinfewAMSandoveralldemandforenergybenchmarkingislow.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonVoluntarysystemforenergybenchmarkingforlargecommercialbuildingsisestablished.Allpublicbuildingsareratedandbenchmarksarepublishedforcomparison.Mandatorysystemforenergybenchmarkingisadoptedforalllargebuildings.Benchmarkingtoolsareavailableandwidelyusedinallbuildingtypes.SO.4.3.DevelopdigitalbuildingdataframeworkandlabellingplatformCurrentstatus:ThereislimitedbuildingenergyperformancedatasharingoraccessacrosstheAMS.Thereisabroadlackofdatainfrastructuretosupportrepositingandsharingofbuildings’dataandenergyperformance.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonNationaldataframeworkprotocolsforcollectingandreportingbuildingcharacteristicsandperformanceareestablished.Opendataframeworkisinplaceforbuildingdatarepositingandaccesstonon-sensitivemandatoryminimumdetailsregisteredforallbuildings.Digitallodgementandexchangeforbuildingcharacteristicsandenergyperformanceareestablished.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE127IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SO.4.4.PromoteuseofbuildingpassportsCurrentstatus:Limitedvoluntaryandsiloinformationcollection.Littlelife-coursedatacollectiononbuildingconstruction,operationanddeconstruction.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonVoluntaryrequirementsforbuildingpassportswithappropriatelegislationandstandardsfordigitalpassportdatastorageandsharingareestablished.AllpublicbuildingstohaveaPhase1buildingpassport.18Requirementsforalllargebuildingstohavebuildingpassportswithenergydata;requirementsfortheirbiannualupdateareintroduced.AllpublicbuildingstohavePhase2buildingpassportwithhighresolutiondata.Useofcomprehensivebuildingpassportsandtheirregularupdatearemandatoryforallbuildings.Near-termrecommendationstosupportawarenessofbuildingsystemoperationperformanceIncreaseimplementationofenergyperformancedisclosureprogrammesDevelopnationalorsubnationaltoolsthatenablethebenchmarkingandevaluationofabuilding’senergyperformance,developdisclosureschemestoenablecomparison,andincentiviseimprovedperformance.IncreaseuseofratingtoolsandbenchmarkingVariouscountriesinAsiahaveseveralratingtools;forexample,theGreenMarkinSingaporedisclosesenergyuseintensities.Expandingtheseprogrammesandstrengtheningtheiradoptionandreportingwillprovideabasisforimprovement.DevelopdigitalbuildingdataframeworksandlabellingplatformsImplementanenergyefficiencylabellingsystemforbuildings.Inthenear-term,establishavoluntaryenergyefficiencylabellingsystemforcommercialbuildings,andawardthefirstenergyefficiencycertificates.18ABuildingPassportisa“wholelifecyclerepositoryofbuildinginformation.Itcoversabuilding’sadministrativedocumentationaswellasdataregardingitsplotandlocation,itstechnicalandfunctionalcharacteristics,anditsenvironmental,socialandfinancialperformance”(GlobalABCandUNEP,2021).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE128IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.PromotetheuseofbuildingpassportsDevelopandmaintainasystemforregularinformationcollectionrelatedtooperationofbuildingsystemsandenergyusetoimproveavailabilityandsupportaccesstobuildinginformationforcurrentandsubsequentownersandthosewhoworkwiththebuilding.ExamplesSmartBuildingsinIndonesia:BuildingEnergyManagementSystems(BEMS)arebeingimplementedwithITsolutions-cloudcomputingandIoT-improvingtheenergyperformanceandtheoccupants’comfort,innewandexistingbuildings.Policysupport,taxincentivesandawarenesscampaignshelpthedevelopmentofsmart,greenbuildingsinIndonesia,whichcouldrepresent20-25%ofthecountry’sbuildingstockby2025.Forthisreason,in2018,JIExpotradeshowwasheldinJakarta,afairorganisedtoaddresstheevolutionofsmartwaystouseelectricity,including“smartgridsandmetering,energyefficiencysolutions,innovativelighting,buildingsystemsandautomation,smartsensorsandsecurity”(PTPamerindoIndonesia,2018).TrackingProgressPotentialindicatorsfortrackingprogressatanationalscalemayinclude:[SO.1.1]Presenceofminimumenergyefficiencystandardsforbuildingsystems(heating,cooling,ventilationandlighting),andappliances.[SO.1.2]Presenceofmandatorylabelswithcomprehensiveinformationforconsumersonenergyperformanceofallappliancetypes.[SO.1.2]Proportionof/NumberofproductsavailablethatarecompliantwithMEPS.[SO.1.3]Amountspentonresearchanddevelopmentforenergy-efficientsystemsandappliances.[SO.1.4]Presenceoflocalmanufacturingofenergy-efficientsystemsandappliancescompliantwiththeminimumperformancestandardsandlabels.[SO.2.1]Presenceofincentivesforpurchasinghighlyefficientsystemsbysectorandsystemperformancelevel.[SO.2.2]Proportionof/Salesvolumeofproductswithsmartcontrolsbysystemandappliancetypesandperformancelevels.[SO.2.3]Numberof/Valueofenergyperformanceandservicecontracts.[SO.3.1]Valueofbuildingenergymanagementsystemsservicesbysectorbasedonsurveysofsalesand/orcontractvalues.[SO.3.2]Proportionof/Numberofenergyauditscarriedannuallybybuildingtypeandsectorcomparedtoallrelatedbuildings.[SO.3.3]Valueofrecommissioningandmaintenancecontractsbysector.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE129IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.[SO.3.4]Presenceof/Numberofcertifiedtrainingprogrammesforbuildingenergymanagers.[SO.3.4]Numberofcertifiedbuildingenergymanagers.[SO.4.1]Presenceof/Numberofenergyperformancedisclosureprogrammes.[SO.4.1]Proportionof/Numberofbuildingsreportingenergyundertheperformancedisclosureprogrammes.[SO.4.2]Presenceofrequirementsforbuildingenergyperformancebenchmarksbysector.[SO.4.3]Presenceofdigitaldataframeworkforreportingbuildingenergyperformance.[SO.4.4]Presenceof/Requirementsforreportingonbuildingpassportinformation.[SO.4.4]Numberofbuildingpassportsissuedperyear.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE130IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ActionArea6:SustainableenergyIntroductionThepathtonetzero-carbonemissionssetoutintheIEAreport,NetZeroby2050isnarrowand“requiresimmediateandmassivedeploymentofallavailablecleanandefficientenergytechnologies”.(IEA,2021b)Sustainableenergycomprisesenergyfromrenewableandlow-carbonenergysources,excludingtraditionalbiomassandcleanenergythatisnotasourceofairorotherpollution.ASEANhasatargetof25%renewablessupplyand25%ofinstalledrenewableelectricitycapacityby2025.Withbuildingsaccountingformorethan27%offinalenergyconsumptionandCO2emissionsinAsia,atransitiontocleanenergysupplyiscriticaltoachieveenergyaccesswhilemitigatingCO2emissionsinlinewithclimategoals.Shiftingtocleanenergysourcesallowsforreducedfossilfueldependency,greaterenergyautonomy,reducedairpollution,reducedGHGemissionsandprovideslocalemploymentopportunities.Energyservicecompanies(ESCOs)canhelpovercomeupfrontcostsofrenewableenergies,acceleratingtheirdiffusion,whileenergyefficiency,demandresponseandenergystoragecanplayimportantrolesinenablingagreaterpenetrationofvariablerenewablesintotheenergymix.Theshifttowardsprovidingbuildingswithlow-carbonandrenewableenergyforessentialenergyservices,suchascookingandlighting,iscriticaltomeetingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsandParisAgreementgoals.Achievinglow-carbonenergyintegrationinbuildingsimpliesphasingouttheuseoffossilfuels,especiallyoilandcoal,forcooking,lightingandheating.However,italsomeansmakinguseoflow-andzero-carbonfuelswhereverfeasible,especiallyinelectricitypowergeneration.Assessingandmaximisingtheuseofon-siterenewableenergyresourcesandadoptingbuildingintegratedrenewables,suchassolarPVandsolarthermal,areeffectivemeanstoreducedirectcarbonemissions.Developinglow-carbonandrenewable-baseddistrictheatingandcoolingcanenhanceandoptimiserenewableenergyusethroughsharingandmutualisationoflocalresourcesacrossadistrict.IncreasingpenetrationofrenewableenergyintheelectricitymixisalsocriticaltolimitindirectGHGemissionsfrombuildings.VisionforSustainableEnergyBuildingshavenetzero-carbonoperationandprovideflexibilitytothelocalsustainableandintegratedenergysystemwiththerightpoliciesandregulationsinplace.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE131IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CurrentcontextASEANbenefitsfromsubstantialrenewableenergyresources,includinggoodsolarirradiance,aswellashydropowerpotential,withmultiplesmall-scaleprojectsintheregion,particularlyinIndonesia,Malaysia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietNam.Besidesthis,Indonesia,MalaysiaandVietNamhostmanufacturingindustriesforsolarPV,windandbatterytechnologies.Renewableenergyandlow-carbontechnologies(e.g.heatpumps)stillfaceimportantchallengesrelatedtorelativelyhighupfrontcostsandaccesstofinance,thelackofsupportingpoliciesandregulations,siteavailabilityforrenewablesystemsandlow-energypricesaffectingcostcompetitivenessanddiscouraginginvestments.Marketcompetitivenessoflow-carbonenergytechnologiesisstillachallenge.Botheconomicincentives(e.g.investmentgrants,loanschemes,taxreliefs,remunerationofPVoutput,possiblyallocatedthroughcompetitivetenders)andregulations(mandatesandbuildingcodes)canplayasignificantroleinboostingdeploymentofrenewableandlow-carbonenergytechnologiesinthebuildingssector.Technologiesthatcanbenefitfromsuchsupportincludeforinstancesolarthermalsystems(e.g.forhotwater),distributedsolarPVsystems,air-sourcedandgeothermalheatpumps,directgeothermalheatandrenewable-baseddistrictheatingandcooling.Anotherkeyissuetotackleisthelimitedspaceavailabilityforrenewableenergysystemsindenseurbancentres.Singaporehasstartedthesolar-readyroofprogrammewhereallnewresidentialblockswithmorethan400m2aredesignedtobesolar-ready.Thismeanstheservicesontheroofarearrangedinawaytooptimisetherooftopspacewithelectricalandstructuralsupportsforthepanelscateredfor.ElectrificationremainsachallengeinAsia,especiallyforruralareasandislandsnotconnectedtothegrid.ThetotalelectrificationacrossASEANoverallstandsat96%;whileforruralelectrificationitstandsat92.9%.However,ruralratesvaryacrossASEAN:Myanmarat57%,Cambodiaat90%,thePhilippinesat94%,etc.EnergyaccessandenergysecurityremainapolicypriorityforAsianpolicymakers.However,thosegoalsarecurrentlypursuedmainlythroughfossilfuelpowersources,suchascoal.TheshareofcoalinSoutheastAsia’spowermixisexpectedtoincreasethefastestintheworldduetonewinvestmentsinnewcoal-firedpowerplants(IEA,2019a)Giventhelonglifeofsuchassets,thiscouldcompromiseclimateobjectives,orposeafinancialriskoffuturestrandedassets.Morethan208millionpeopleinASEANdonothaveaccesstocleancookingfacilities,yetachievingSDG7.1impliesreaching100%accesstocleancookingby2030(UNESCAP2021).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE132IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CurrentstatusofpoliciesforsustainableenergyinbuildingsCountryCleanenergyaccesspoliciesBuildingREpoliciesBuildinggridflexibilitypoliciesBruneiDarussalamThePVNetMeteringProgrammeapprovedbythegovernmentallowsresidentialandcommercialelectricityfromPVtosellexcesselectricitybacktothenationalgrid.CustomersreceivecreditstooffsettheirelectricitybillsCambodiaNationalPolicyonRuralElectrificationbyRenewableEnergy(2011)facilitatesaccesstocleanandrenewableenergyintheruralenvironmentElectricityAuthorityofCambodia(EAC)regulation(2003)regulatestheinstallationandconnectionofsolarenergyprojectstothenationalpowergridIndonesiaMEMRRegulationn.13/2019(inforce):Operatinglicenceexemptionforsmall-scalerooftopphotovoltaicpowergenerationMEMRReg.No.50/2017andMEMRRegNo.53/2018-Build,Own,OperateandTransferschemeforrenewableenergyMEMRRegulationn.16/2021TheusageofrooftopsolarPVisregulated.SpecifiesthemainstandardsandprocessesfornationalproducerPerusahaanListrikNegaraconsumersinstallingrooftopPVSustainableEnergyforRemoteIndonesianGrids(SERIG)project(2016)aimstohelpsmallandremotegridsdeployrenewableenergymorequicklyLaoPDRRenewableEnergyDevelopmentStrategy(2011-2025)coversnewrenewableenergyresourcesRenewableEnergyDevelopmentStrategy(2011-2025)promotesbuildingintegratedsolarPVandoff-gridhybridsystemsMalaysiaMalaysianGreenTechnologyMasterPlan(GTMP)Feed-inTariffMalaysia–MS2680–EnergyEfficiencyandUseofRenewableEnergyforResidentialBuildingsCodeofPracticeNetEnergyMeteringGuidelineandSelf-consumptionGuidelineforsolarPVsystemsMyanmarNationalEnergyPolicy(NEP)coversbuildingenergyrequirementsandproposedincentivestoimplementgreentechnologiesandpoliciesforthedevelopmentofcleanenergyforalow-carboneconomyRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE133IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountryCleanenergyaccesspoliciesBuildingREpoliciesBuildinggridflexibilitypoliciesPhilippinesThePhilippinesRenewableEnergyAct(2008)coversdevelopmentandadvancementofrenewableenergyresources,andthedevelopmentofastrategicprogrammetoincreaseitsutilisationSingaporeSolarNovaprogrammetoaggregatedemandforsolarPVacrosspublichousingandgovernmentagencies.AdoptionofrenewableenergyisencouragedthroughGM2021schemeThailandCleanEnergyAccesspolicy:AlternativeEnergyDevelopmentPlan2015–toincludeREintheenergymixat30%by2037.SolarRooftopforResidentialbuildings(notmorethan10kWpperhousehold,2.2Baht(c.USD70.4)perkWhfor10years).ERCSandbox(Considerationofpeer-to-peerenergytrading,netmetering,netbilling,supplyandloadaggregator).VietNamLawonEconomicalandEfficientUseofEnergypromotesrenewableandcleanenergyaturbandevelopmentscaleandhouseholds.MillionGreenHomesispromotingsolarPVandenergyefficiencytechnologiestoamillionhousesorbuildingsby2030.Feed-intariffforroof-topsolarandbiomassCHP.DirectcorporateREprocurementbeingpilotedsoon.ASEANNote:Blankareasofthetableindicatethatnorelevantinformationwasfoundduringdatacollection.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE134IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofstrategyforsustainableenergySummaryofmilestonesforSustainableEnergytowardsnetzero-carbonIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Note:Themodernrenewableenergyshareincludesvarioustypesofrenewables(i.e.,biomass,geothermal,solar,hydro,windandbiofuels),butexcludestraditionalbiomass,whichtypicallyinvolvescombustionofbiomassintheformofwood,animalwasteandtraditionalcharcoal.Theseareusuallyharvestedandusedinanunsustainableandunsafeway.TheRoadmap’sstrategyforadvancingtheintegrationofsustainableenergyinbuildingsinASEANincludestwokeyactionsintheareaofSustainableEnergy(SE):1.Promotetheuptakeofsustainabledistributedenergyresources.2.Promotegrid-interactiveenergy-efficientbuildings.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE135IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.WithintheseActions,theRoadmapsuggestssixActivities(e.g.SE.1.1,SE.2.2,etc.)relatedtosustainableenergy.SummaryofRoadmapstrategyforSustainableEnergyIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Asmulti-stakeholdercollaborationisoneoftheoverarchingprinciplesofthisRoadmap,itisimportanttoconsiderwhichstakeholdergroupscouldbeinvolvedinthedeliveryofeachactivity.VariousstakeholdergroupsshouldbeinvolvedintheactivitiesundertheSustainableEnergyactionareainorderensuretheireffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE136IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.StakeholdermappingforSustainableEnergyIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ofappliancesandmaterials.Includesproducttestersandcertifiers.includingacademia,non-governmentalorganisations,researchinstitutions,socialnetworksandcommunityassociations.Note:Thedarkerthecolour,thehighertheimportanceofthatstakeholdergroupfortheactivityandthemoreessentialthegroupisfortheactivity’seffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE137IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Actions,ActivitiesandTimelinesSE.1:PromotetheuptakeofsustainabledistributedenergyresourcesSE.1.1.Promoteintegrationofon-siterenewableenergyCurrentstatus:TheAMSvaryintermsofpoliciespromotingonsiterenewableenergyforbuildings,withonlyseveralhavingadoptedthemandatestopromoterenewablereadinessorincentives.Asmallshareofbuildingsacrosstheregionhason-siterenewableenergysystems.Traditionalbiomassisstillwidelyused,especiallyforcookinginruralareasandinformalsettlements/slums.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonRenewableenergyprogrammesfornewbuildingsareinitiatedanddemandforrenewableenergysystemsforexistingbuildingsissupportedthroughincentiveprogrammesandregulation.Allpublicbuildingsaretargetedbytheseprogrammes.Programmestoenhanceaccesstocleancookingthroughenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergygenerationareintroducedforinformalsettlements/slumsandruralareas.Expandrenewableenergyprogrammesfor50%ofnewand25%ofexistingbuildingstobenefitfromacombinationofenergyefficiencymeasuresandon-siterenewableenergysystems.100%accesstocleanfuelsforcookingandprogrammesfordeliveringmoreefficientandrenewableenergy-basedappliancestoalllow-incomehouseholdsareimplemented.Allbuildingshaveenergyefficiencymeasuresandon-siterenewableenergysolutions.Universalaccesstocleanandaffordablerenewableenergy-basedandefficientcookingisachievedintheregion.SE.1.2.Supportcommunity/district-levelrenewableenergyCurrentstatus:Somejurisdictionspromotedistrict-levelrenewableenergyschemesfornewdevelopments.Existingcommunitieshavefewmechanismsforsupportingdistrict/communityrenewableenergyschemes.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonGuidelinesforfeasibilityassessment,developmentandimplementationofdistrictcoolingsystemswithintegrationofrenewableenergyaredeveloped.AssessmentsareconductedforseveraldistrictsinseveralAMStoevaluatethefeasibilityofrenewableenergy-baseddistrictcoolingprojects.PolicyincentivesforREcommunityprojects,micro-gridsRenewabledistrictcoolinginitiativesareimplementedthroughurbanplanningmeasuresinseveralnewdevelopmentsindifferentAMS,whichshowhighfeasibilityforrenewableenergy-baseddistrictcoolingbasedontheassessments.Allnewdevelopmentswithhighdensityandsubstantialenergyneedsidentifiedinthefeasibilitystudieshaveimplementedrenewableenergy-baseddistrictcoolingsystems.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE138IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.andrenewableenergy-baseddistrictcoolingnetworksareimplementedinseveraljurisdictions.SE.1.3.Enactpolicies/regulationsfordistributedenergygenerationCurrentstatus:FewAMShavepolicyframeworksinplacetosupportdistributedenergygenerationBy2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllAMShaveadopteddetailedregulatoryframeworkstosupportdistributedenergygenerationandgridflexibilitysolutions,andtosupportbuildingintegratedrenewableenergydevelopment.AllAMShavetesteddevelopedregulatoryframeworksandmadeadjustmentswherenecessary.Incentivesfortheimplementationofdistributedenergygenerationandgridflexibilitysolutionsareintroduced.Regularauditsandupdatesofregulationsandincentivestakeplacetotakeintoconsiderationevolvingcontexts(costsoftechnologies,renewableenergy-readinessofthebuildingstock,roll-outofsmartmeters,etc.).Distributedenergygeneration,gridflexibilitysolutionsandbuildingintegratedrenewableenergyprojectsarewidelyimplemented,supportedbythedevelopedregularlyupdatedpolicyframeworksthatallowforself-consumptionandsaleofexcessrenewableenergytothegrid,peer-to-peertrading,etc.Mostincentivesarenolongerneededasdistributedenergygenerationbecomesawell-integratedpartoftheenergymarketinASEAN.Near-termrecommendationstosupporttheuptakeofsustainabledistributedenergyresourcesPromoteintegrationofon-siterenewableenergyAcceleratetheadoptionofdecentralisedrenewableenergysystems,suchasPV,buildingintegratedPV,solarthermal,heatpumps,directuseofgeothermal,biogasandenergystorageprojects(e.g.thermalandelectricstorage)intheplanninganddesignofbuildingsandneighbourhoods.Promoteefficientandrenewableenergy-basedcookingsolutionsamongvulnerablegroupsofthepopulation(low-incomehouseholdslivinginslumsandruralareas)inordertophaseoutuseoftraditionalbiomass.Developpolicyframeworksforinvestmentandfinance.Thisframeworkiscriticaltomobilisegreenfinancingframeworksincludinggreenbondstocatalyseprivateinvestmentsingreenbuildings.“InASEAN,thenumberofgreenbondsissuedtofundgreenbuildingprojectsisprojectedtoincrease(CBI,2018).GreenbuildingsarerecognisedasalegitimateprojectthatmaybefinancedthroughgreenbondsundertheInternationalCapitalMarketAssociationGreenBondPrinciplesandtheASEANGreenBondStandards”(Kapooretal.,2020).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE139IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Supportcommunity/district-levelrenewableenergyEnableasystemicapproachthroughintegratedplanning(includingheat-mapping,prospectivedemandassessmentforenergyneeds,zoning,etc.)ofrenewableenergydevelopmentatthedistrictleveltodelivermoreefficientandlow-carbonsolutions.Exploitcrosssectoralsynergies(forexamplebywasteheatrecoveryfromindustriesintheneighbourhood).Developafeasibilityassessmentframeworkfordistrict-levelrenewableenergyanddistrictcoolingprojectsandencouragelocalgovernmentstouseittoidentifypotentialdevelopmentprojects.Enactpolicies/regulationsfordistributedenergygenerationDistrictrenewableenergyplanning.Enableasystemicapproachthroughintegrateddistrictrenewableenergyplanning(includingheat-mapping,prospectivedemandassessmentforenergyneeds,zoning,etc.)todelivermoreefficientandlow-carbonsolutions.Enactpoliciestoexploitcrosssectoralsynergies(wasteheatrecoveryfromindustriesintheneighbourhood,etc.).Provideadequatefinancialincentivesandreflectivepricingofenergy.Value-addedtaxexemptionsandnearzeroorzero-interestloanrateshelpspurinvestmentstowardscleanenergy.Measuressuchasfeed-intariffshelpspurutility-scaleinvestments,whiletheestablishmentofnetmeteringorpeer-to-peerenergytradinghelpstospurdistributedrenewableenergyinvestments.Suchinvestmentswouldbeusedwithacleartimelineoftheirapplicability.Stop/gopoliciesandretroactivechangesmustbeavoidedinordernottoreduceinvestorconfidence,disruptchainsandcompromisethefinancialstabilityofanemergingsupplychainandsmallactors.Continuephasingoutfossilfuelsubsidieswhilesupportingthemostvulnerablepeopleandgroups’transitiontorenewableenergysources.Thiswillimprovethecostcompetitivenessofrenewableenergyversusfossilfuels,andboosttheefficiencyofotherrenewableenergyincentives.Createacarbontaxorrenewableenergycertificatemarketplace.Incaseswherelocaldistributedgenerationisnotsufficienttomeetthelocalenergydemand,buildingsandneighbourhoodscanbuylow-carbonenergyfromthegridthroughpowerpurchaseagreements(PPAs).Dependingonthecountry’spowersectorstructure,someregulatorychangesmightbeneededtoallowforsuchprocurementtotakeplace.ExamplesMalaysia’sinvestmenttargetsforrenewableenergy:MalaysiawillseekinvestmentofRM33billion(approximatelyUSD8billion)toachieveitstargetof20%electricitygenerationfromrenewableenergysourcesby2025,andthisincludescleanenergyforbuildings.OutofthetotalelectricitygeneratedbyMalaysia,currentlyonly2%comesfromrenewableenergysources.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE140IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Singapore’splansforsolarinstallations:ToovercomeSingapore'slandconstraints,thegovernmentthroughthetendersadministeredbytheHousingBoard(HDB)hasbeenaggregatingandmaximisingsolarinstallationsonpublic-sectorbuildingsundertheSolarNovaProgramme.By2021,HDB“committedatotalsolarcapacityof380MWpforabout8,400HDBblocks".Singaporehasalsosetanewnationalsolartargetofatleast2gigawattspeakby2030.Thegovernmentwillbeworkingwithcompanies,researchersandthepublictoscaleuptheadoptionofsolarpoweronrooftopsandinnovativespacessuchasreservoirs,offshoreandbuildingfacades.Indonesiatoinvestmoreinsolarenergy:Toachievethe23%targetofrenewableenergyintheenergymixby2025,theGovernmentofIndonesiapromotestheinstallationofsolarrooftopPV.Thegovernmentaimstoincreasetheinstalledcapacityto2.14GWby2030,“focusingonthebuildingsandfacilitiesofstate-ownedenterprises(742MW),industriesandbusinesses(624.2MW),households(648.7MW),consumersofstateelectricitycompanyPLNandsocialgroups(6.8MW),andgovernmentbuildings(42.9MW)”(IndonesiaMinistryofEnergyandMineralResources,2021)SE.2:Promotegrid-interactiveenergy-efficientbuildingsSE.2.1.IncreaseadoptionofdigitaltoolstoenhanceflexibilityandsustainableenergydeploymentCurrentstatus:LimitedavailabilityofdigitalplanninganddeploymenttoolsforrenewableenergyacrosstheAMS.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonRegionalopenaccessdataframeworkisdevelopedforevaluatingbuilding-integratedREpotential,includinggeospatialandclimaticdataanalysisandtechnologydatabases.Openstandardsforrenewableenergysupply-demandmanagementaredeveloped.Onlineandmobiletoolsforestimatingbuildingintegratedrenewableenergyavailabilityandopportunitiesaredeveloped.Aregisterofcertifiedrenewableenergyproductsandinstallersisestablished.Mandatoryopenstandardsfordigitalintegrationofdemandmanagementofrenewableenergywithsuppliersareadopted.Digitaldemandmanagementsystemsforbuildingsaremademandatorytomonitorenergyconsumptionandrenewableenergygenerationandenableefficientinteractionbetweenenergyconsumers,prosumersandthegrid,aswellaspeer-to-peerenergytrading.SE.2.2.IntegrateprovisionsforrenewableenergyinBuildingEnergyCodes(BECs)Currentstatus:FewAMShaverequirementsforrenewableenergyintegrationintotheirBECs.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonNationalroadmapswithtargetsandrecommendationsforrenewableenergyintegrationintoBECfornewbuildingsaredeveloped.SeveralAMShaveincorporatedrequirementsforrenewableenergyintegrationintotheirBECs.AllAMShaveincorporatedrequirementsforrenewableenergyintegrationintotheirBECs.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE141IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SE.2.3.Promotedemand-sidemanagement(DSM),storageandautomationtooptimisebuildingenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyintegrationCurrentstatus:IntegrationofonsiteDSMprotocols,storageandrequirementsforbuildingenergymanagementandautomationarelargelylackinginbuildingpoliciesorcodes.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonNationalframeworkssettingoutguidanceforDSM,storage,buildingenergymanagementandautomationrequirementsfornewandexistingbuildings.MandatoryrequirementsforDSM,storageandbuildingenergymanagementandautomationareadoptedforallnewlargeorenergy-intensenon-residentialbuildingsintheregion.MandatoryrequirementsforDSM,storageandbuildingenergymanagementandautomationareadoptedforallbuildingsintheregion.Near-termrecommendationstosupportgrid-interactiveefficiencybuildingsIncreaseadoptionofdigitaltoolstoenhanceflexibilityandsustainableenergydeploymentDevelopregionalopenaccessdataframeworksforevaluatingbuildingintegratedrenewableenergypotential,includinggeospatialandclimaticdataanalysisandtechnologydatabases.IntegrateprovisionsforrenewableandsustainableenergyinBuildingEnergyCodesIncorporationofmeasuressuchasreadinessfordemand-sideresponsemeasures,obligationsforrenewableenergysystemsorprovisionsfortheirfutureinstallation(e.g.structuralintegrityrequirements)canbestipulatedinbuildingenergycodes.Thecodescouldbedevelopedjointlyamongnationalauthorities,buildersandotherstakeholders.Hence,appropriatetechnologiesareconsideredandmandatoryrequirementsareapplicable,enforceableandwell-designed.Buildingcodescouldalsoincluderequirementsinstructuralintegrityorotherrequirementswhichwillenablethesafeinclusionofon-siterenewableenergysystems.Promotedemand-sidemanagement,storageandautomationtooptimisebuildingefficiencyandrenewableenergyintegrationUpdateregulatoryframeworksandincorporaterenewablesinutilityplanning.ThecountriesofAsiahavevaryingdegreesofliberalisationanddecentralisationoftheirelectricpowerindustries.FortheAMSwithcentrallyplannedenergysectorstructures,aregulatoryenforcementofandresourceallocationforrenewableenergyintegrationareneeded.Forthosewithmoreliberalisedmarkets,updatesRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE142IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.oftheexistingregulatoryframeworktoincentiviseutility-scaleanddistributedrenewableenergydeveloperstomakesuchprojectsmorecompletivewouldbenecessary.TrackingProgressIndicatorsareanimportanttoolforunderstandingthechangesinconditionsthataffectwhetherprogresstowardsatargetofnetzero-carbonbuildingsandconstructionisbeingmade.Forsustainableenergy,indicatorsthattrackpoliciesthatseektoimprovesustainable(i.e.cleanandrenewable)energyaccesstocleanfueluseinhouseholdactivitiesofcookingandhotwaterheatingareimportant.Additionally,actionsthatintroduceregulationsaroundbuildingcoderequirementsforrenewableenergy,andthebuildingofintegratedstoragesystemswhereappropriateareneededtounderstandwhetherthefuelsusedarehelpingtoincreasethestockofzero-carbonbuildings.Potentialindicatorsfortrackingprogressinclude:[SE.1.1]Presenceofrequirementsforon-siterenewableenergyingreenbuildingcertifications,adoptedinstretchcodesandinregulations.[SE.1.1]Amountofinstalledcapacityofon-siterenewableenergybybuildingtype.[SE.1.1]Installedcapacityofbuildingintegratedthermalandelectricstorage.[SE1.1]Proportionofpopulationhavingaccesstocleanandrenewableenergyforcookingandhouseholdactivities.[SE.1.2]Presenceofrequirementsforcommunityanddistrict-levelrenewableenergyincertifications,adoptedinstretchcodesandinregulations.[SE.1.2]Amountofinstalledcapacityofcommunityanddistrict-levelrenewableenergy.[SE.1.3]Presenceofpoliciesandregulationsforrequirementsonon-sitedistributedrenewableenergygeneration.[SE.2.1]Proportionof/Numberofdigitalsmartmetersand/ordemandmanagementsystemsinstalledinbuildingscomparedtoallmeters.[SE.2.2]Presenceofrequirementsforrenewableenergyintegrationinbuildingsincorporatedintobuildingenergycodes.[SE.2.3]PresenceofrequirementsforDSMinbuildingregulations.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE143IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ActionArea7:ResilienceIntroductionThroughtheSendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReduction,countriesareengagedintakingmeasurestoreducedisasterrisksthroughsevenglobaltargetsaimedat:reducingglobaldisastermortality;reducingthenumberofaffectedpeople;reducingeconomicandinfrastructurelosses;strengtheninggovernanceandlocalcapacitytodevelopdisasterriskreductionstrategies,multihazardearly-warningsystemsanddisasterriskinformation,aswellasenhancinginternationalcooperationtodevelopingcountries(UNDRR,2015).Climateandclimatechangeaffectconstructionintwoprincipalways:1)astheclimatechanges,buildings’andbuildingmaterials’designstandardsmayhavetobeadaptedinordertowithstandnewweatherconditions;and2)asthepatternofnaturaldisasterschanges,achangeinthedemandforrebuildingandrepairmayoccur.Therefore,theobjectiveistouseintegratedapproachestoupgradethedurabilityandresilienceofallbuildingsbygraduallyaddressingthemostcriticalinfrastructures(e.g.thosewithsocial,economicandenvironmentalrelevance,suchashospitals,emergencyfacilities,schools,powerplants,hazardousmaterialfacilities),followedbythemostvulnerablebuildingsandtherestofthebuildingstock,(HotchkissandDane,2019)(NREL,2018).VisionforResilienceBuildingsaredesignedtoberesilienttoclimatechangerisksandextremeweatherevents,protectingvulnerablepopulations,withresilienceattributesintegratedintobuildingdesignandmaterials.CurrentcontextThefrequencyofclimate-relatednaturaldisastershasincreasedglobally.Between1980and2017inAsia,therewereover1.2millionrecordedfatalitiesandalossofUSD1.69trillioninassetsduetonaturaldisasters.Assetlosseshaveincreasedoverthepastdecadesnotonlybecausesuchdisastershavebeenmorefrequent,butalsobecausethevalueofpublicandprivateassetslocatedinvulnerablelocationshasincreased(OECD,2018).Anestimated54%ofAsia’spopulationiscurrentlylivinginlow-lyingcoastalzones.Theregionalimpactofclimate-relatedchanges,inparticularsea-levelrise,isRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE144IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.highlyuneven,withfouroutoffivepeopleaffected(UNHabitatandUNESCAP,2015).Becauseof“theconcentrationofhumanactivitiesinurbanareas,today,thenumberofhotdaysincitiesistwiceashighasinthehinterland.Bytheendofthe21stcentury,thisnumbercouldbetentimeshigher”(ADB,2017).Asiancitiesarelargelyunderpreparedfornaturaldisasterrisks,especiallywithrespecttovulnerabilityandriskassessmentpractices.Comprehensivehazardassessmentandmappingarenotuniformlyemployed.Thisisparticularlyharmfulforidentifyingandprotectinglow-incomecommunitiesatrisk.Land-usepoliciesdonotoftenconsiderresilienceanddisasterriskmanagement,andurbangrowthhasoftendevelopeduncontrolled,inrisk-proneareas.Inparticular,thelow-lyingcoastalcitiesofSoutheastAsiaareuniquelyexposedtotheeffectsofclimatechange(Bangkok,HoChiMinhCity,Jakarta,ManilaandYangon).AccordingtotheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB),thenumberofpeoplelivingincitieslocatedincoastalareasandfloodplainsinAsiaisprojectedtomorethandoublebetween2000and2060(ADB,2017).Ascitiesgrow,impermeablesurfaces(asphaltandconcrete)suchasroadsandpavementexpandandexacerbatefloodriskbycoveringlandthatcouldabsorbwater.Buildingresiliencestrategiesintourbanplansorbuildingcodesislimitedintheregion,withlowawarenessofthenecessarytoolsandpolicies.Todate,fewcountries,havenationalplansforclimatechangeresilience.Thisdoesnotalwaysincludethebuildingssector.Energyefficiencyanddecarbonisationactionshelpimprovetheresilienceofbuildingsagainstchangingclimatebyreducingheatgainsandbyprovidingadaptivecapacityagainstheatwaves.CurrentstatusofpoliciesforresilientbuildingsCountryAdaptationplansResiliencyinbuildingcodesOtherBruneiDarussalamBruneiNationalClimateChangePolicy(2020)coversreducingGHGemissionsthroughindustrialemissionsincludingrenewableenergy,powermanagementandcarbonpricingCambodiaCambodiaNationalAdaptationPlan-FinancingFrameworkandImplementationPlanaimstodecreasevulnerabilityandincorporateclimatechangeadaptationIndonesiaRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE145IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CountryAdaptationplansResiliencyinbuildingcodesOtherLaoPDRMalaysiaMyanmarNationalAdaptationPlanofAction(NAPA),2012;2018-2030);Indicatestheimportanceof‘climate-proof’infrastructure,including“weather-proofbuildings(particularlyschoolsandhospitals)”ClimateChangeActionPlanfortheUrbanSectorGuidelinesonClimateChange-ResilientArchitectureinMyanmarMNBC(MyanmarNationalBuildingCode)2020MyanmarActionPlanonDisasterRiskReduction2017andMyanmarSustainableDevelopmentPlan(2018-2030)PhilippinesSingaporeSustainableSingaporeBlueprint(2015)outlinesthenationalvisionandplansforamoreliveableandsustainableSingaporethroughresourcesustainabilityandairqualityGM2021ResilienceSectionwithinGreenMarkevaluatesbuildingsontheirclimatemitigationandadaptationstrategiesandencouragestheuseofnature-basedsolutionsandagreaterapproachtocircularityThailandClimateChangeMasterPlan(2015–2050)ClimateChangeMasterPlan:Strategy2Mitigationandlow-carbondevelopmentVietNamASEANNotes:Blankareasofthetableindicatethatnorelevantinformationwasfoundduringdatacollection.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE146IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofstrategyforresilienceSummaryofmilestonesforResiliencetowardsnetzero-carbonIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.TheRoadmap’sstrategyforincreasingtheresilienceofbuildingsinASEANincludesthreekeyactionsintheareaofResilience(R):1.Improveclimatechangeresilienceofthebuiltenvironment.2.Integrateclimatechangeresilienceinbuildingenergycodesandmaterialsregulations.3.Enhancedatamonitoringofdisasterrisksandtheirimpactsonthebuiltenvironment.WithintheseActionstheRoadmapsuggestsfiveActivities(e.g.R.1.1,R.2.2,etc.)relatedtoResilience.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE147IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.SummaryofRoadmapstrategyforResilienceIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Asmulti-stakeholdercollaborationisoneoftheoverarchingprinciplesofthisRoadmap,itisimportanttoconsiderwhichstakeholdergroupscouldbeinvolvedinthedeliveryofeachactivity.VariousstakeholdergroupsshouldbeinvolvedintheactivitiesundertheResilienceactionareainordertoensuretheireffectiveimplementation.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE148IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.StakeholdermappingforResilienceIEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ofappliancesandmaterials.Includesproducttestersandcertifiers.includingacademia,non-governmentalorganisations,researchinstitutions,socialnetworksandcommunityassociations.Note:Thedarkerthecolour,thehighertheimportanceofthatstakeholdergroupfortheactivityandthemoreessentialthegroupisfortheactivity’seffectiveimplementation.Actions,activitiesandtimelinesR.1:ImproveclimatechangeresilienceofthebuiltenvironmentR.1.1AdoptpolicyframeworksthatintegratestrategiesonclimatechangeadaptationandresilienceCurrentstatus:FewnationalresiliencestrategiescurrentlyexistintheAMS.Thereareonlyafewcity-levelresiliencestrategies.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE149IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.R.1.2.IncreasetechnicalcapacityandavailabilityofresourcesforimplementationofclimatechangeresiliencestrategiesCurrentstatus:Currentinstitutionalcapacityinsupportingresilienceinbuildingdevelopmentandurbanadaptationisavailablewiththenationalandlocalgovernments.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonCapacitybuildingprogrammesonclimatechangeadaptationstrategiesandresilienceareprovidedtolocalgovernments.Allhigh-risksubnationalandlocaljurisdictionshaveheldcapacitybuildingtrainingsessionsonclimatechangeadaptationstrategiesandresilience,andhaveallocatedresourcesfortheirimplementation.Allsubnationalandlocaljurisdictionshaveheldcapacitybuildingtrainingsessionsonclimatechangeadaptationstrategiesandresilience.SubnationalandlocalgovernmentsintheAMSregularlyallocateresourcesandaccessexternalsourcesoffinanceforrelatedprojectdevelopmentandimplementation.Near-termrecommendationstosupportimprovementofclimatechangeresilienceofthebuiltenvironmentAdoptpolicyframeworksthatintegrateefficientandeffectivestrategiesonclimatechangeresilienceDevelopanationalstrategyonclimatechangeadaptationthatidentifiesthelistofpoliciesandmeasuresthatcansupportincreasedresilienceofbuildingsinanintegratedmannerandaddressesthepotentialforrelocationandcrisisplansforhigh-risksettlements.Itisimportanttodevelopresiliencestrategiesatthenational,subnationalandlocallevelsthatwouldincludeplanningforcriticalinfrastructure(hospitals,schools,watersupply,energysupply,etc.),aswellastherequirementsfor“buildingbackbetter”duringreconstructionafteradisasterwithintegrationofsustainableenergymeasuresinordertoavoidlockinginenergysavings.Workacrossgovernmentsandstakeholderstodevelopassessmentplansthathelptoensurethatresiliencestrategiesarealignedacrossjurisdictionsandagencies.Usedataandinformationtodocumentpotentialriskexposurebylocationtoenableeffectiveurbanplanningthroughappropriateland-usestrategies,regulations,andrisk-sensitiveinvestmentsandresourceallocationdecisions.Thiswillleadtoimproveddecision-makingduringthebuildingandinfrastructuredesignprocess.Identifyareasofhighgrowthandmakeplanningframeworksthatintegrateclimateriskassessment.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE150IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.IncreasetechnicalcapacityandavailabilityofresourcesforimplementationofclimatechangeresiliencestrategiesProvidetrainingtonational,subnationalandlocalgovernmentalofficialsaboutassessingclimaterisks,developingvulnerabilitymapsandestablishingmulti-stakeholdercollaborationsonthedevelopmentofintegratedpoliciestoenhanceresilienceofthebuiltenvironment.Providetrainingonthecommunicationofrisksandbenefitsassociatedwithimprovedresilience.Thiswillrequiredatacollectionandanalysistoenablethecreationofdatabases,resourceplatformsandinformationcampaigns.ExamplesResilientDaNang:DaNangisahubfortransportation,servicesandtourismincentralVietNam.Thecityislocatedalongalongsectionoflow-lyingcoastlinewhereitisexposedtofloodingandstorms.Foryears,thecityhasbeendevelopinginnovativemodelstoenhanceresiliencetoclimatechange,includingearlyfloodwarningsystemsandimprovedurbanplanning(100ResilientCities,2017).In2016,DaNangwasthefirstcityinVietNamtodevelopandreleasearesiliencestrategy.Thesecondpillarofthestrategy:“Apreparedcity”exemplifiesarobustresilienceplanningframework.Itincludeskeyactions,suchas:1)“expandfloodwaterdrainagecorridorsanddevelopmechanismstomanageandrestorethesecorridors”;2)“assessfloodingriskinnewurbanisedareas’’;3)“adjustthedetailedplanswhichpotentiallyimpactdrainagecapacity”;4)‘’restructuretheurbandesigninhigh-flood-proneareas’’;5)“resettleresidentialareaswhicharelocatedinfloodplainsorfrequentlyaffectedbyflood”;6)‘’developthemodelofaflood-resilientcommunity’’,and7)“developmonitoringandearly-warningsystemsforfloodrisk”(100ResilientCities,2017).Co-ordinatingresilienceplanningintheBangkokMetropolitanRegion:Bangkok,thecapitalofThailand,supportingover8millionpeopleinthecityandover14millioninitsmetropolitanarea,ishighlyexposedandvulnerabletofloodscausedbyseasonalstorms.In2018,Bangkoklauncheditsresiliencestrategyalongthreestrategicactionareasfocusingonincreasingqualityoflife,reducingriskandincreasingadaptation,anddrivingastrongandcompetitiveeconomy(100ResilientCities,2018).Bangkok’sDisasterRiskManagementframeworkevidencestheneedtoalign“hard”investmentsinflood-resilienturbaninfrastructurewithland-useplanningandzoningpolicieswith“soft”instrumentsatthemetropolitanscale.Forexample,“Bangkok’sComprehensivePlan2014-2018providestoolsthatcanbeusedtoenhancefloodresilience,suchastheFARBonusSystem,minimumopenspaceratio,setbackalongrivers,canalsandmainroads,andcontrolofbuildingheightsandsizes.However,thesetoolshaveonlybeenadoptedbytheBangkokMetropolitanAuthority,andalllocalgovernmentsintheBangkokMetropolitanRegionshouldbeusingthem”,whereasthesetoolscouldbenefitthemetropolitanregionasawhole(OECD,2018).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE151IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.R.2:IntegrateclimatechangeresilienceinbuildingenergycodesandmaterialsregulationsR.2.1.Integrateresilience-relatedmeasuresintobuildingenergycodesCurrentstatus:ResiliencyriskassessmentofmaterialsintheAMSislimitedoverall,andgenerallylackingforlow-carbonmaterials.Minimalresiliencemeasuresareincorporatedintobuildingenergycodes(BECs).By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonRoadmapforintegratingresiliencemeasuresandmaterialsrequirementsintoBECsisdeveloped.Minimumstandardsforlow-carbonresilientmaterialsaredevelopedandincorporatedintoBECsalongsideotherresilience-relatedmeasurestargetingnewbuildings.AllAMShaveupdatedtheirBECstoincorporateminimumstandardsforlow-carbonresilientmaterialsalongsideotherresilience-relatedmeasurestargetingnewbuildingsandexistingbuildingsundergoingmajorrenovation.Near-termrecommendationstosupportintegrationofclimatechangeresilienceinbuildingcodesandmaterialsregulationsIntegrateresilience-relatedmeasuresandmaterialsintobuildingenergycodesIncorporatemeasuresintoBECstoincreasestructuralandthermalresilience,includingpassivemeasuresthatenableoccupantstousebuildingswhenenergyservicesarenotavailableinanextremeweathereventornaturaldisaster.Thisincludesinsulating,shading,load-bearingroofs,wind-andseismic-proofwalls,andwaterdrainageandstoragesystems.GiventhelonglifeofthemassivebuildingstockunderdevelopmentasAsiarapidlyurbanises,thereisauniqueopportunitytointegratethedimensionofresilienceintoBECswithinthenextdecadetoensurethatnewaswellasexistingbuildingswillbeabletowithstandlong-termclimatechangeeffects.Stakeholderfeedback:Therewasconsensusthatveryfewbuildingcodesincludedelementsofresilience,butthatmostwouldby2050.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE152IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.R.3:EnhancedatamonitoringofdisasterrisksandtheirimpactsonthebuiltenvironmentR.3.1.DevelopdatacollectionformonitoringofrisksCurrentstatus:Minimaldatacollectionandmonitoringofdisasterrisksandextremeevents.Lackofassessmentsofrisksofnaturaldisastersandextremeeventsonbuildings.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAbouthalfofAMSjurisdictionsmonitordisasterrisksandextremeevents.Early-warningsystemsareimplementedinmostvulnerableareas.AllAMSjurisdictionsmonitordisasterrisksandextremeevents.Comprehensivedataandmonitoringsystemsareavailableandprovidenecessarydatatodevelopmitigationstrategiesforbuildings.ComprehensivedatacollectionandmonitoringofrisksandeventsareimplementedinAMSalljurisdictions.Mitigationstrategiesforbuildingstocopewithdisasterrisksandextremeeventsinasustainablemanneraredeveloped.R.3.2.ConductcomprehensiveurbanriskassessmentandmappingCurrentstatus:FewAMShavemappedrisksandvulnerabilityofpopulation,includingriskstocriticalinfrastructureandinformalsettlementsinrisk-proneareas.By2025:By2030:Towardsnetzero-carbonAllAMShaveimplementedbasicnationalriskandvulnerabilitymapping.Allsubnationalandlocaljurisdictionshaveimplementedbasicriskandvulnerabilitymapping.AllAMS,subnationalandlocaljurisdictionshaveimplementedenhancedanalysisandvisualisationofriskandvulnerabilitymapping.Near-termrecommendationstosupportdatamonitoringofdisasterrisksandextremeeventsandtheirimpactsonthebuiltenvironmentDataandmonitoring.Settlementsaremappedusingplanetablemethodsthatshowplotboundaries.Spatialandsocio-economicdataarethenenteredintoaGISdatabase.Usingthisinformation,municipalgovernmentsandcommunitiescanprepareupgradingandresilienceplansbywideningroads,installingfloodprotectionandbuildingnewinfrastructure.Socialnetworks.Governmentsintheregionarestartingtoengagecitizensandlocalcommunitiesinpolicy-makingprocesses,aslocalstakeholdersaredirectlyaffectedbyfloods,landslidesandheatwavesandhavedeepunderstandingoftheirspecificneedsintermsofriskprevention.Whenresidentsandneighboursformcloserelationships,theycanbetterunderstandandrespondtothechangingneedsofthemostvulnerablepeopleintheircommunity,notablytheelderlyandchildren.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE153IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ExamplesHatYaiCityResilience:TheHatYaicityinThailandisoneoftheparticipantsinTheAsianCitiesClimateChangeResilienceNetwork-aparticipatorycommunityplanningprojectwhichaimstocatalyseactionsforbuildingtheclimatechangeresilienceofvulnerablecitiesinAsia.AsHatYaiisoneofthecitiesmostaffectedbyfloodsinthecountry,aco-operationprojectwasimplementedinthecityaimingtointegratethegovernment,civilsocietyandcommunitiesinfloodmanagementbasedonanintegrationpolicy.Aninnovationaspartoftheinformationdisseminationwastheuseofmediaasasignificantfactortocreatepublicawarenessandtofacilitateco-operationbetweenthepublicandprivatesectors.TheHatYaiAsianCitiesClimateChangeResilienceNetworkexperienceservedasthebasisforstudieslaunchedinSongkhlaprovince,Thailandin2018toobservethesuccessfactorsofpublicpoliciesindisastermanagementandtodrawupsustainableguidelines.Buildingresilienceagainstclimaterelatedhazards:ThemunicipalityofPakokku,Myanmar,suffersfromextremefloodingoftheAyeyarwadyRiverandsevereerosion.Cordaid,inpartnershipwithKarunaMissionSocialSolidarity,isimplementingadisasterriskreductionprogramme.Thegoalistobuildcommunityresilienceagainstextremeweather-relatedevents.Theworkinvolvescommunitiesandlocalactorstosystematicallymanagedisasterrisksinorderfortheregiontobecomesaferandmoreresilient.Theapproachisbasedonsixmainactivities:(1)capacitybuildingtraining;(2)disasterriskassessmentandanalysis;(3)communityactionplanning,throughContingencyandDevelopmentPlans;(4)creationofworkinggroups/committees;(5)implementationofDisasterRiskReductionmeasures;and(6)monitoring,evaluationandlearning.ACommunityActionPlanwiththecommunitieswasdevelopedforeachvillage,presentedtothemunicipalgovernmentand,afteritsapproval,theimplementationofthemeasureswasorganisedwiththesupportofallresidents.Inaddition,themunicipalgovernmenthasbeenintensivelyinvolved,participatingintrainingonDisasterManagementSystemsandEarlyWarning.TheDepartmentofMeteorologyandHydrologyalsoinstalledwatermetersinallprojectvillages.TrackingProgressPotentialindicatorsfortrackingprogressinclude:[R.1.1]Presenceofpolicyframeworksandstrategiesonclimatechangeadaptationandresilience.[R.1.2]Presenceofguidelinesandtrainingcoursesforadaptationplanningfordevelopmentprofessionals.[R.2.1]Numberoflocalgovernmentalofficialswhohavetakenthetrainingcourses.[R.2.1]Presenceofrequirementsforclimate-resilientmaterialsingreenbuildingcertifications,adoptedinstretchcodesandinregulations.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANASEANRoadmap’sactionareasPAGE154IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.[R.3.1]Presenceofdataframeworksforreportingbuildingclimaterisksandimpacts.[R.3.2]Presenceofstandardsforriskmappingandriskassessmentsforbuildingconstructions.[R.3.2]Presenceofcomprehensiveclimatesensitiveriskmappingforcitiesandmunicipalities.[R.3.2]Proportionof/Numberofmunicipalitiesundertakingregularandcomprehensiveclimateriskassessments.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE155IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.ConclusionsandthewayforwardAfterindustry,thebuildingssectoristhesecond-largestenergyconsumerinASEAN,accountingfor28%oftotalfinalenergyconsumption(IEA,2020c).Improvingenergyefficiencyandincreasingtheshareofrenewableenergyutilisationinbuildingsoperationreduceenergyandcarbonembodiedinbuildingmaterialsandequipment.IncreasedenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergymakebuildingsakeysectorforachievementoftheASEANtargetstoreduceenergyintensity(by30%by2025inrelationtothe2005levels),andincreasetheshareofrenewableenergyinthetotalprimaryenergysupply(toreach23%by2025).ThisRoadmaphascoveredsevenactionareasandoutlinedactionscrucialforachievingthenetzero-carbonlevelofbuildings’performanceinASEAN.WhiletheimplementationprocessoftheRoadmapcanstartfromanyarea,accordingtothenationalprioritiesandavailableresources,theimportanceofaholisticapproachcannotbeunderestimated–theseactivitiesandactionscouldbeconsideredaselementsoftheintegratedpolicydevelopmenttosupporttransitionofthebuildingssectortowardsthenetzero-carbon.Inordertoidentifyacombinationofthese“ingredients”tailoredtoacountry’suniquecontext,thefollowingstepscanbetakentomaximisetheimpactsoftheRoadmap:Contextualassessment.ItisimportanttostarttheprocessoftheRoadmap’simplementationwithacontextmappingofthecountry’sbuildingssectortoestablishafoundationforfurtherpolicydevelopment.Suchacontextualassessmentisbasedontheunderstandingofbuildingenergydemanddependingontheclimate,socio-economicfactors,currenttechnologicalandfuelmixusedforvariousbuildingenergyenduses,behaviouralpatternsofbuildings’users,etc.Theassessmentisalsobasedonpotentialgrowthdrivers,suchaspopulationgrowth,increasingaccesstoenergy(i.e.increasingnumberofenergyusers),incomegrowthtrends,urbanisation,trendsinnewconstructionandrenovation.Itisalsoimportanttoincludeintotheassessmentthemappingofexistingpolicies,commitments,programmes,projects,knowledgeresources(publications,policydocuments,training,etc.),andinstitutionalestablishmentsrelatedtoenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinbuildings.Planningandstakeholderengagement.Underidealcircumstances,acountrywouldembarkonthejourneyofimplementingalltheactionsoutlinedinallsevenareastoaccelerateitsprogresstowardsnetzero-carbonasmuchaspossible.Inreality,however,thisprocessislikelytobeconstrainedbyavarietyoffactors,RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE156IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.suchaspolicypriorities,existingcommitments,socio-economiccontext,availabilityofdata,resourcesandcapacity.ASEANMemberStates(AMS)havedifferentstartingpointsdependingonthestatusoftheirbuildingssectorsandthe“gap”whichhastobebridgedtoachievenetzero-carbon.Takingintoaccounttheseaspectsandbuildingupontheresultsofthecontextualassessment,anationalgovernmentcouldidentifyprioritiesforitsbuildingssectorandthescopefortheRoadmap’simplementationplan.Itisimportanttoinvolvevariousstakeholdergroupsintheseprocessesanddecisionsregardingwhichareasandactionstostartfrom.EachactionareaoftheRoadmapprovidesanoverviewofthestakeholdergroupsandassessmentoftheirimportanceforeachaction.Thefollowingstepscanbetakeninordertoensureeffectivestakeholderengagement:IdentifyagovernmentalentitythatwillbeleadingtheprocessoftheRoadmap’simplementation.Establishamechanismformulti-stakeholderengagement(e.g.cross-functionalteamsorthematictaskforces,regularstakeholderconsultationswithadequaterepresentationofavarietyofstakeholders,onlineplatformsfordialogues,provisionoffeedbackandcommentsonproposalsforaction,etc.).Establishadialoguewithsubnationalandlocalgovernmentstoensurealignmentofpolicyprioritiesbetweendifferentlevelsofgovernanceandco-ordinationofefforts.Setupopenreportingandcommunicationchannelsontheprocess(e.g.meetingreports,newsarticles,publicationsandupdatesongovernmentalwebsites)toengageawideraudienceanddocumenttheprogress.Implementationplan.Oncetheoutlineofactionsandactivitiesisestablishedthroughaseriesofstakeholderconsultations,itisimportanttoconsolidatethisinformationintoacoherentimplementationplanwithassignedrolestoandresponsibilitiesfordifferentinstitutionsforimplementationofeachaction.Itisimportantforacountrytoimplementtheactionsinawaythatbuildsuponlocalcontext,institutionalstructuresandpolicyframeworks(asreviewedduringthecontextassessment)andpavesthewayinaholisticmannerforfuturemeasuresandpathwaystowardsasustainablebuildingssector.Inordertoidentifypriorityactionsandestablishanimplementationtimelineforeachofthem,acountrymayconsiderthefollowingguidingcriteria(adaptedfrom[CoolCoalition,2021]):Levelofeffort.Thisentailsthelevelofeffortanticipatedtoimplementtheaction:thelowerthelevelofeffort,thesoonertheimplementationcanbecompleted.Itisimportanttoconsiderchallengesandenablersintheevaluationofthelevelofeffort.Theevaluatedlevelofeffortmayalsobeusedtodeterminethetimelineoftheimplementationofeachaction.ExpectedImpact.Thisrequirestheevaluationofthebenefitsandimpactsofeachactionintermsofbringingthebuildingssectorclosertowardsthenetzero-carbon.Expectedenergysavings,embodiedenergyandemissionsreductionsoverbuildings’lifetimes,aswellassocio-economicbenefitsandthecontributionstotheRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE157IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.achievementofothernationalpoliciesandinternationalcommitments,couldbeconsidered.ResourceRequirements.Evaluation(evenifanapproximateone)ofrequiredresources(intermsoftime,finances,humanandtechnicalcapacity)anditscomparisontothecurrentavailabilityoftheresourcesinthecountryisneededinordertoidentifypotentialbarriersanddelaysfortheimplementation.Whencalculatingthecostsitisimportanttotakeintoaccountthecostrequirementsandsavingsovertheaction’slifetimeandnotonlytheupfrontcostofimplementation.Animplementationplancouldincorporateastrategyfortrackingprogressacrossselectedactions.EachactionareaofthisRoadmapprovidessuggestionsforhigh-levelindicatorsforeachactivity.IntheImplementationplanitisimportanttoidentifydetailedindicatorsspecifictoeachactionthatwillenabledatatobecollectedandanalysedinordertoevaluatethesuccessoftheimplementation.Inordertoacceleratetheprogressalongthenetzero-carbonpathwayforthebuildingssector,acomprehensivepolicypackageisanessentialcornerstoneoftheimplementationplan.ThefollowingrecommendationsoftheRoadmaparenotprescriptive,buthighlightthemostimportantactionsthatneedtobetakenonthewaytowardsnetzero-carbonbuildings.Theseare:Performance-basedbuildingenergycodesareregulationsthatsetminimumrequirementsforvariousparametersthatmayincludebuildingfabricandsystemperformancelevels,aswellasthewholebuilding’sperformance,whichisrequiredtoincreaseovertime.Itisimportantthatbuildingenergycodesalsointegraterenewableenergyandresilience-relatedmeasures.Suchregulationsarecrucialtoreflectagovernment’scommitmenttolow-carbonandefficientbuildingsandtosendaclearsignaltoindustry,investors,ownersandoccupants,whichmakesclearthesupportformarkettransformation.Certificationandlabellingprogrammessetstandardsforbuildingsandsystemsandprovideidentificationlabelstoshowthatcertificationhasbeenachieved.Applyingthesetonewbuildingsandsystemsalongwithmajorrenovationsincreasesconsumerconfidenceandperformancecompliance.Renewableenergy,whetheron-siteordistrict-level,providesadirectsourceofzero-carbonenergytoreducebuilding-relatedCO2emissions.Policiesfordistributedrenewableenergygenerationanddemand-sidemanagementwithautomationtoolswillsupportrenewableenergyprojectsandenhancetheflexibilityofbuildings’interactionswiththegrid.Incentivesthatencourageenergyefficiencyperformanceimprovementsandlow-carbonsolutionsareoftenneededtopromptactions.Non-financialand,whereappropriate,financialincentivestiedtotheenergyandcarbonperformanceofRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE158IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.targetedtechnologiesandproductscanboostdemandforlow-carbonandenergy-efficientsolutions.Monitoringandtrackingframeworkssetouttherangeofindicatorstoinformpolicymakersandindustryoftheprogress,deliveryandperformanceofsustainableandlow-carbonbuildingsacrosstheregion.Datacollectionprovidesameansofgaininginformationformanagingbuildingenergyuseandoperation,renewableenergygeneration,buildingconstructionandrenovationpracticesinordertodevelopandregularlyupdatebaselinesfortrackingprogresstowardsanetzero-carbonbuildingssectorandevaluatingimpactsofpolicyinterventions.Robustdatacanalsohelptoaccessprojectfinanceanddevelopmorecompellingproposalsforinvestors.Financingandinvestingconditionsforsustainablelow-carbonbuildingprojects(bothconstructionandrenovation)throughharmonisingregulationsanddevelopingqualityassuranceprogrammesarevitaltoaddressingriskadversityandbroadeninginvestmentopportunities.Buildingcapacityamonggovernmentalofficials(national,subnationalandlocal)andindustrycanbroadensupportforlow-carbonbuildings.Providingaccessibletrainingonbuildingenergyperformancecertification,sustainableurbandevelopment,materialsdecarbonisation,etc.accompaniedbyprofessionalaccreditation(e.g.certifiedenergymanagers)iscriticaltomovingtowardsanetzero-carbonbuildingssector.Stakeholderengagementwithinpolicydevelopment,communicationofpolicypriorities,andenactingandupdatingpolicieswillbroadensupportforeffortstodeliverlow-carbonbuildingsbetweennational,subnationalandlocalgovernmentsbasedontheprinciplesofmultilevelgovernance.Takingintoaccounttherecommendationsoutlinedabove,theAMScouldconsiderworkingtowardstheimplementationofapolicypackage.AneffectivepolicypackagethatsupportstransitionoftheASEANbuildingssectortowardsnetzero-carboncoverspoliciesfromeachofthesevenactionareasdescribedabove(urbanplanning,newbuildings,existingbuildings,materials,systemsandoperations,sustainableenergyandresilience).Itincludesacombinationofregulations,incentivesandinformationpolicyinstruments:19Regulationssetminimumbenchmarksandtargetstogiveasignaltothemarkettophaseoutworstperformingbuildings,productsandmaterialsandsetoutapathwayforinvestmentstowardsmoreefficientandlow-carbonalternatives.Arangeofincentivesisdevotedtosupporttheindustrytoadapttotheregulationatearlystagesofadoptiontohelpovercomemarketbarrierssuchasupfrontcost19Formoreguidelinesondevelopingeffectivepolicypackagesforlow-carbonbuildings,seeUNEP’sHandbookofSustainableBuildingPolicies(2013).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE159IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.andaccesstocapitalandthentodriveactionbeyondminimumstandardsandbusinessasusual.Informationtoolsandawarenessraisingcampaignsintendtohelpconsumersanddevelopersmakeinformeddecisionsaboutlow-carbonchoicesforconstruction,renovation,purchaseandleaseofbuildingspaces.Capacitybuildingprogrammesaimtoensurethattherearesufficientskillsandknowledgeonvariousaspectsofnetzero-carbonbuildings,aswellasanadequatenumberoflocal,qualifiedexpertstoundertakeaneffectiveimplementationofpoliciesandtodrivethenecessarymarkettransformationtowardsnetzero-carbon.Thetablebelowsummariesthemainpolicyactionsthatcouldconstituteapolicypackagefornetzero-carbonbuildingsinASEANbasedonthisRoadmap.PoliceshighlightedintheDescriptioncolumnserveasanindicationforpotentialstartingpointsforestablishingthefoundationofthepolicypackage,whileadditionalactionscanbebuiltuponit.Establishingsuchafoundationcouldbeginfromsettingambitious,yetachievable,overarchingtargetsforimprovingenergyefficiency,decarbonisingthebuildingssectorandcommunicatingthesetargetstokeystakeholdergroups.Regulatorypolicyinstrumentsarecriticalelementswhendevelopingapolicypackage.Buildingenergycodesareamongthe“mostwidelyrecognised,scalable”(UNEP,2018)andeffectivepolicyinstrumentsforbuildings(Boza-Kiss,Moles-GruesoandUrge-Vorsatz,2013).Theyareimplementedinover80countriesaroundtheworld.Mandatoryminimumenergyperformancestandards(MEPS)andlabelsforkeyappliancesandequipmentusedinbuildingsareanotherfundamentalpolicyinstrumentswithprovenevidenceforitseffectiveness:implementedinover120countriesaroundtheworld.MEPSandlabels“havehelpedmorethanhalvetheenergyconsumptionofmajorappliancesincountrieswiththelongest-runningprogrammes”(IEA,2021c).Onceregulatorypoliciesareinplace,theireffectiveimplementationandenforcementcouldbesupportedbyinformationpolicyinstrumentsandincentivestoensurecomplianceandfurtherprogress.Buildingcertificationandlabellingwithratingsbasedonenergyandcarbonperformanceofbuildingscanprovideclearsignalsforconsumersandindustrytoencouragemoreinformedandsustainablechoicesandpractices.Arangeoffinancialandnon-financialincentivescouldbelinkedtothecertificationschemestosupportthebuildingsandconstructionindustrytoadapttotheregulationatearlystagesofadoptionandtohelpovercomemarketbarrierssuchasupfrontcostsandaccesstocapital,aswellastodriveactionbeyondminimumstandards.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE160IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Finally,capacitybuildingprogrammesarecrucialtoensuringthattherearesufficientskillsandknowledgeonvariousaspectsofnetzero-carbonbuildings,aswellasanadequatenumberoflocalqualifiedexpertsandpractitioners.TheASEANregion,consistingofthe10AMS,hasagreatvarietyofnationalcircumstancesinpolitical,economic,environmentalandsocialspheres.ThisregionalRoadmapacknowledgesthateveryAMShasitsuniquecontextinthebuildingssectorandbeyond.WhiletheRoadmapoffersacomprehensive‘menu’ofactions,eachgovernmentcandevelopasuiteofactionssuitabletoitslocalcontextandwhichissufficientlyambitioustofollowthepathwaytowardsthenetzero-carbonbuildingssectorintheircountry.Moreover,themilestonesforpolicyprogressatdifferentpointsinthefutureoutlinedintheRoadmapareintendedasindicative,anddonotsuggestaspecificcommitmentforeveryAMS.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE161IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Policypackagetowardsnetzero-carbonbuildingsinASEANPolicymeasureDescriptionRegulationBuildingenergycodesandbuildingstandards-clearminimalenergyefficiencyandthermalperformancestandardsthataregraduallystrengthenedwithaspirationforachievingnetzero-carbonbuildingperformanceforallbuildingtypes,bothnew(atthepointofconstruction)andexistingbuildings(atthepointofrenovation).-requirementsformaximumallowedamountofembodiedcarbonemissionsinbuildings’constructionandrenovation.-requirementsformandatoryrenewableenergysystemsinstallationorutilisationofrenewableenergy.-measuresonstructuralandthermalresilience,andpassivemeasurestomitigatetheimpactofextremeweathereventsornaturaldisasters.-requirementsforregularenergyauditstoidentifyinefficienciesinbuildingoperations-requirementsforregularrevisionstoimproveperformancelevels(atleastevery3-5years).Productstandards-mandatoryminimumenergyperformancestandards(MEPS)foralltypesofappliancesandbuildingsystems-requirementsforregularrevisionstoimproveperformancelevels(atleastevery3-5years).-mandatoryrequirementsforefficiencyofsystemsandequipmentusedforrenovation.Procurementregulation-requirementsforassessingembodiedcarbonemissionsusinglife-cycleapproachforallmajorandpublicinvestments.-mandatoryrequirementstoincluderesultsofembodiedcarbonemissionsinpublicprocurementcontracts.-mandatoryrequirementstousehighlyefficientequipmentandappliances,aswellaslow-carbonmaterialsforpublicprocurement.Regulationonmaterials-plansandsystemsforcollectionandreuse/recyclingofconstructionanddemolitionwaste.-mandatoryprotocolsforbuildingsdeconstructionandselectivesortingofwaste.Frameworkregulations-updatestoexistingelectricityregulationorintroductionofnewonestoallowdecentralisedproduction,sellingtothegridandpeer-to-peertradingofelectricityproducedfromrenewableenergysources.-mandatoryrequirementsforintegrationofdecentralisedrenewableenergyproductionintourbanplanning,aswellasdesignofbuildingsandneighbourhoods.-utilityregulationthatmandatesincorporationofrenewablesintoutilityplanning-mandatoryrequirementstocarryoutfeasibilityassessmentsfordistrict-levelrenewableenergyanddistrictcoolingprojectsfornewurbandevelopments.-phaseoutoffossilfuelsubsidieswhilesupportingthemostvulnerablepeopleandgroupstotransitiontorenewableandotherzero-emissionenergysourcesandenergy-efficientbuildings.-policyframeworksforinvestmentandfinancethatsupportspublic-privatepartnershipsandprivateinvestmentingreenbuildingprojects.-introductionofnewurbanplanningguidelinesorupdatestotheexistingonestorequirethatsubnationalandlocalgovernmentsdevelopmultisectoralintegratedCityMasterplansthatincludelow-carbondevelopmenttargets,policiesandprojects.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE162IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Certification-buildingcertificationschemesandlocalisedratingtoolsonenergyandcarbonperformanceofbuildings.-certificationstandardsforexistingbuildingswiththerequirementstoachieveminimalenergyperformanceaftertherenovation.-requirementsformaterialsefficiencyandutilisationofmaterialswithlowembodiedcarbonincorporatedintogreenbuildingcertification.-requirementsforlifecycleassessmentincludedingreenbuildingcertification.-regionalornationaldatabasesofgreenandenergy-efficientproductsforbuildingrenovation(includingfabric,materialsandbuildingsystems).Labelling-introductionofneworupdatestoexistingmandatoryratinglabelsandendorsementlabelsfornewandexistingbuildingsbasedonenergyandcarbonperformance.-inclusioninthebuildinglabelsofinformationonimportanceandbenefitsoflow-carbonconsumerchoiceswhenbuyingorrentingbuildingspaces.-mandatorylabellingformainmaterialsandcomponentsofbuildingprojectsthatratethembasedontheircarbonperformance.-introductionofneworupdatestoexistingmandatoryratinglabelsandendorsementlabelsforappliancesandbuildingsystems(tocoverallappliancetypes)basedontheenergyandcarbonperformance.-regionaltestinglaboratoriestodeterminetheirperformancelevelsandadoptmutualrecognitionagreementsamongASEANMemberStates.-ASEANProductRegistrationSystemtomonitorcompliancewithstandardsandlabelling.InformationDisclosureandbenchmarking-asystemforregularinformationcollectiononbuildingsystemoperationsandenergyuse.-disclosureandbenchmarkingschemestoenablecomparisonsandtoincentiviseimprovedperformanceofbuildings,appliances,buildingsystemsandmaterials.-mandatorydisclosureofenergyandcarbonperformanceinformationforallnewconstructionandforlargerenovationprojects,especiallyatthepointofsaleorlease.-benchmarksbybuildingtypebasedondatacollectedthroughdisclosureprogrammes.-regularrevisionandupdateofbenchmarksandtargets,whicharebasedonregularupdatingofmaterialsdatabases.TrainingprogrammesForgovernmentofficials(atthenational,sub-nationalandlocallevels):-onsustainabledevelopmentgoalsandtheimplicationsforurbanplanningsolutions-onintegratedpolicyportfoliostowardachievingnetzero-carbonbuildingsandtechnicalsolutionsfornetzero-carbonbuildings.-onimplementationandenforcementofbuildingenergycodes.-oncollectingdataonembodiedcarbonemissionsofmaterialsandbuildingprojects.-ondevelopmentofintegratedpolicyportfoliostowardszero-embodied-carbonemissionsbuildingsandconstruction.-onassessmentofclimaterisks,developingvulnerabilitymapsandestablishingmulti-stakeholdercollaborationsonthedevelopmentofintegratedpoliciestoenhanceresilienceofthebuiltenvironment.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE163IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.Fordevelopers,architects,designers,engineersandfinanciers:-onassessmentofbenefitsofzero-carbon,efficientandresilientbuildings.-onenergy-efficientandlow-carbonsolutionssuitablefordifferentbuildingtypesinASEAN.-onbuildingdesignandconstructionmaterialswithlowerembodiedlife-cyclecarbonemissions.-onlifecycleanalysis,assessmentofembodiedcarbonemissionsofconstructionandrenovationprojects,waystolowerembodiedcarbonemissionsandothercirculardesignprinciples.-oncompliancewithregulations,certification,labellinganddisclosure.Forconstructionandrenovationworkers:-onutilisationandinstallationofenergyefficiencymeasuresandproducts,aswellaslow-carbonmaterials.-ontheinstallationandoperationofbuildingenergymanagement.Forproductandmaterialmanufacturers:-onsolutionstodecreasetheembodiedcarbonemissionsofmaterials,increaseefficiencyinmanufacturingandconstructionprocesses,enhancetheuseoflocalmaterials,planforendoflife,increaserecyclingandreuse,andothercirculardesignprinciples.Forbuildingenergymanagers:-onenergyaudit,faultdetection,optimisationofbuildings’operationsandenergyuse.Forbuildingowners:-onbuildingenergyperformance,typesandbenefitsofenergy-efficienthomeimprovements,roleofbenchmarksandenergyaudits.Educationprogrammes-energyefficiencytechnicaltrainingandresearchcentres.-inclusionofinformationonenergy-efficientandlow-carbonbuildings,productsandmaterials,aswellastheirbenefitsandrelatedpoliciesintoprimary,secondaryanduniversitycurricula,aswellasintovocationalandadulteducationprogrammes.-accreditationsystemsforprofessionals(developers,architects,designers,engineers,financiers,workersandinstallers),whoobtainknowledgeandskillsonlow-carbonconstructionandrenovation.-accreditationmechanismsforbuildingenergymanagers.Awarenessraising-awarenessraisingprogrammesforconsumerstoinformthemaboutthemultiplebenefitsofefficientandlow-carbonbuildings.-informationandawarenessraisingcampaignsonbenefitsofenergy-efficientrenovation.-informationprogrammesforbuildingownersonsustainablebuildingdesignandrenovation,compliancewithbuildingpoliciesandexistingincentivesprogrammes.Digitaltoolsanddata-useofintegrateddesigntools(e.g.buildinginformationmodelling)thatincludeassessmentofenergyperformanceandembodiedcarbonofbuildingconstructionorrenovationprojects.-requirements(firstvoluntary,thenmandatory)forbuildingenergymanagementsystemsexpandingthescopetocoverallbuildingtypes,newandexistingbuildings.-openaccessdataframeworkforevaluatingbuilding-integratedrenewableenergypotential.-collectionofspatial,climaticandsocio-economicdataanddevelopmentofGISdatabasesforidentifyingresiliencemeasuresandbuildingnewinfrastructure.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANConclusionsandthewayforwardPAGE164IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.IncentivesFinancialincentives-taxrebatestomanufacturersandproducersoflow-carbonbuildingmaterialsandcomponentstosupplymoresuchproductstothemarketatcompetitiveprices.-taxrebatesanddiscountsforpurchaseanduseofcertifiedgreenbuildingmaterialsandenergy-efficientsystems.-grants,favourableloanconditions,taxrebates(e.g.propertytaxreduction),etc.basedonenergyandcarbon(alsoembodiedcarbon)performanceofnewandrenovatedbuildings.-preferentialloansormortgagestobuildmoreenergy-efficientbuildingswiththeuseoflow-carbonmaterialsandsystems.-financialincentivesforconsumersandappliancemanufacturerstopromotethepurchaseofhighlyefficientappliances.-stimulusprogrammestoencourageinvestmentsinenergy-efficientretrofitsthroughlow-interestloans,microgrants,valueaddedtaxreductionsandpointofsalerebates.-subsidiesforbuildingenergyperformanceauditstoencourageutilisationofbuildingenergyperformanceratingsandlabelling.-incentives(e.g.awardandpenaltyschemesduringtenderforachievementornon-compliancewithapre-definedwastereductiontarget)toencouragerelianceonrecycledorrepurposedmaterialsintheconstructionofnewbuildings.-energyperformancecontractsforconstructionandrenovationofpublicbuildingstostimulateESCO(EnergyServicesCompany)activities.Non-financialincentives-expediteddevelopmentreviewandapprovals,feereductions,densitybonusesanddevelopmentallowancesforbuildingswithhighenergyperformanceandlowlevelsofembodiedcarbon.-favourableimportprocedurestomanufacturersandproducersofcertifiedlow-carbonmaterialsandcomponentstosupplysuchproductstothemarketatcompetitiveprices.Tariffpolicies-reflectiveenergypricingandpreferentialtariffsforrenewableenergy,especiallyenergyproducedthroughdistributedenergysources(e.g.netmeteringandpeer-to-peerenergytrading).RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAnnexPAGE165IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.AnnexReferences100ResilientCities(2018),ResilientBangkok.https://www.100resilientcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Bangkok_-_Resilience_Strategy.pdf.100ResilientCities(2017),ResilientDaNang.https://www.100resilientcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Da-Nang-Resilience-Strategy_2.pdf.ACE&GIZ(DeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit[GermanSocietyforInternationalCooperation])(2020),The6thASEANEnergyOutlook2017-2040(AEO6).https://aseanenergy.org/the-6th-asean-energy-outlook/.ADB(AsianDevelopmentBank)(2017),ARegionatRisk:theHumanDimensionsofClimateChangeinAsiaandthePacific.https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/325251/region-risk-climate-change.pdf.ADB(2013),UrbanPovertyinAsia.https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/59778/urban-poverty-asia.pdf.AGEP(ASEAN-GermanEnergyProgramme)(2018),MappingofgreenbuildingcodesandbuildingenergyefficiencyinASEAN:towardsguidelinesonASEANgreenbuildingcodes.https://aseanenergy.org/report-on-mapping-of-green-building-codes-and-building-energy-efficiency-in-asean-towards-guidelines-on-asean-green-building-codes/.Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation(APEC)EnergyWorkingGroup(2020),3rdAPECLowCarbonModelTown(LCMT)SymposiumLima,Peru21-22October2019.https://aperc.or.jp/publications/reports/lcmt/The_3rd_LCMT_Symposium_Summary_Report.pdf.ASEANSecretariat(2020),ASEANRapidAssessment:TheImpactofCOVID-19onLivelihoodsacrossASEAN.https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ASEAN-Rapid-Assessment_Final-23112020.pdf.Boza-Kiss,B.,Moles-Grueso,S.,andUrge-Vorsatz,D.(2013),Evaluatingpolicyinstrumentstofosterenergyefficiencyforthesustainabletransformationofbuildings.https://3csep.ceu.edu/sites/default/files/publications/boza-kiss-et-al-policy-instr-bldgs-2013-cosust.pdf.Cambodia,MinistryofMinesandEnergyandEconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsia(2020),EnergyEfficiencyandConservationMasterPlanofCambodia,GeneralDepartmentofEnergy.https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/12326/Energy-Efficiency-and-Conservation-Master-Plan-of-Cambodia.pdf?sequence=1.CBI(ClimateBondsInitiative)(2018),Greenbonds:Thestateofthemarket.https://www.climatebonds.net/files/reports/cbi_gbm_final_032019_web.pdf.CIDB(LembagaPembangunanIndustriPembinaan)(2021),CIS20:2021GreenPerformanceAssessmentSysteminConstruction.https://www.cidb.gov.my/sites/default/files/2021-01/DerafCIS20GreenPASSpubliccomment.pdf.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAnnexPAGE166IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.CoolCoalition(2021),HolisticMethodologyforDevelopingaNationalCoolingActionPlan.https://www.unescap.org/kp/2021/national-cooling-action-plan-methodology.Coopenergy(2015),AGuidetoMulti-levelGovernanceforLocalandRegionalPublicAuthorities.https://www.local2030.org/library/210/A-Guide-to-Multi-level-Governance-For-Local-and-Regional-Public-Authorities.pdf.EconomicResearchInstituteforASEANandEastAsiaandBruneiNationalEnergyResearchInstitute(2020),BruneiDarussalamEnergyConsumptionSurvey:ResidentialandCommercialandPublicSectors.https://www.eria.org/uploads/media/Research-Project-Report/RPR-2020-03-Brunei-Darussalam-Energy-Consumption-Survey/Brunei-Darussalam-Energy-Consumption-Survey-Residential-and-Commercial-and-Public-Sectors.pdf.ETC(EnergyTransitionsCommission)(2018),MissionPossible:ReachingNet-ZeroCarbonEmissionsFromHarder-To-AbateSectorsByMid-Century.https://www.energy-transitions.org/publications/mission-possible/.GBCIndonesia(GreenBuildingsCouncilIndonesia)(2021),NetZeroHealthySchool(NZH)Guidelines[translatedfromBahasaIndonesia].https://www.gbpn.org/net-zero-healthy-school-guidelines-indonesia-0/.GlobalABCandUNEP(GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction,andtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme)(2021),TheBuildingPassport:AToolforCapturingWholeLifeDatainConstructionandRealEstate–PracticalGuidelines.http://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/GABC_The-Building-Passport_FINAL.pdf.GlobalABC/IEA/UNEP(GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstructionandtheInternationalEnergyAgencyandtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme)(2020),GlobalABCRegionalRoadmapforBuildingsandConstructioninAsia:TowardsAZero-Emission,EfficientandResilientBuildingsandConstructionSector.https://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Asia_Buildings%20Roadmap_FINAL.pdf.Hotchkiss,E.andDane,A.,(2019).ResilienceRoadmap:ACollaborativeApproachtoMulti-JurisdictionalResiliencePlanning.Golden,CO:NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.NREL/TP-6A20-73509.https://doi.org/10.2172/1530716.IEA(InternationalEnergyAgency)(2021a),EmpoweringCitiesforaNetZeroFuture,https://www.iea.org/reports/empowering-cities-for-a-net-zero-future.IEA(2021b),NetZeroby2050.https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050.IEA(2021c),EnergyEfficiency2021,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency-2021.IEA(2020a),TrackingBuildings2021,https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-buildings-2020.IEA(2020b),EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2020,https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2020.IEA(2019a),WorldEnergyOutlook2019.https://doi.org/10.1787/caf32f3b-en.IEA(2019b),TheFutureofcoolinginSoutheastAsia,https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-cooling-in-southeast-asia.IEA(2019c),SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2019,https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast-asia-energy-outlook-2019.IEA(2017),EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2017:CatalysingEnergyTechnologyTransformations,https://doi.org/10.1787/energy_tech-2017-en.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAnnexPAGE167IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.IEA(2016),EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2016,https://doi.org/10.1787/energy_tech-2016-en.IEA(2013),PolicyPathway-ModernisingBuildingEnergyCodes2013,https://www.iea.org/reports/policy-pathway-modernising-building-energy-codes-2013.IFC(InternationalFinanceCorporation)(2019),GreenBuildings:AFinanceandPolicyBlueprintforEmergingMarkets.https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/climate+business/resources/green+buildings+report.Indonesia,MinistryofEnergyandMineralResources(2021),IndonesiatoInvestMoreinSolarEnergy(PressRelease).https://www.esdm.go.id/en/media-center/news-archives/indonesia-to-invest-more-in-solar-energy.IPCC(IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange)(2018),Impacts,AdaptationandVulnerability's5thAssessmentReport.RetrievedfromIPCCWorkingGroupII.https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap8_FINAL.pdf.IRP(InternationalResourcesPanel)(2020),ResourceEfficiencyandClimateChange:MaterialEfficiencyStrategiesforaLow-CarbonFuture.Hertwich,E.,Lifset,R.,Pauliuk,S.,Heeren,N.AreportoftheInternationalResourcePanel.UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme,Nairobi,Kenya.https://www.unep.org/resources/report/resource-efficiency-and-climate-change-material-efficiency-strategies-low-carbon.Kapoor,Anant;Teo,En-Qi;Azhgaliyeva,Dina;Liu,Yang(2020).TheviabilityofgreenbondsasafinancingmechanismforgreenbuildingsinASEAN,ADBIWorkingPaperSeries,No.1186,AsianDevelopmentBankInstitute(ADBI),Tokyo.https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/238543/1/adbi-wp1186.pdf.Kataoka,K.,Matsumoto,F.,Ichinose,T.,Taniguchi,M.(2009),UrbanwarmingtrendsinseverallargeAsiancitiesoverthelast100years.ScienceofTheTotalEnvironment,407(9),3112–3119.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.015.Lohrey,S.andF.Creutzig(2016),A'sustainabilitywindow'ofurbanform.TransportationResearchPartD:TransportandEnvironment,45,96-111.https://www.mcc-berlin.net/~creutzig/LohreyCreutzig2015.pdf.Malaysia,DepartmentofStandards(2014),EnergyEfficiencyandUseofRenewableEnergyforNon-ResidentialBuildings–CodeofPractice(SecondRevision).https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/sites/default/files/CodeofPracticeonEnergyEfficiencyandUseofRenewableEnergyforResidentialBuildings.pdf.NREL(NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory)(2018),ResilienceRoadmap:ACollaborativeApproachtoMulti-JurisdictionalResiliencePlanning.https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/73509.pdf.OECD(OrganisationforEconomicandCooperativeDevelopment)(2018),BuildingResilientCities:AnAssessmentofDisasterRiskManagementPoliciesinSoutheastAsia.https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264305397-en.OECD(2016),UrbanGreenGrowthinDynamicAsia.https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264266360-en.OECD(2010),CitiesandClimateChange,Ch.6,MultilevelGovernance:AConceptualFramework,pp.171-178,https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264091375-enRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAnnexPAGE168IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.PEEB(ProgrammeforEnergyEfficiencyinBuildings)(2021),Non-monetaryIncentivesforGreenBuildings.MobilisingPrivateInvestments.https://www.peeb.build/imglib/downloads/PEEB_NonMonetary_Incentives.pdf.Philippines,DepartmentofEnergy(2020),DraftUpdatedBuildingsGuidelines.https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/announcements/draft-updated-building-guidelines-07092020-v2.pdf?withshield=1.Philippines,DepartmentofPublicWorksandHighways(2015),ThePhilippineGreenBuildingCode.https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/sites/default/files/PGBCodeUserGuideManual.pdf.PTPamerindoIndonesia(2018),IndonesiaMovesTowardsSmartBuildings.CISIONPRNewswire.https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/indonesia-moves-towards-smart-buildings-300641910.html.Salat,S.andG.Ollivier(2017),TransformingtheUrbanSpacethroughTransit-OrientedDevelopment:The3VApproach.WorldBank,Washington,DC.Retrievedfromhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26405.SingaporeBCA(BuildingandConstructionAuthorityofSingapore)(2021),PrefabricatedPrefinishedVolumetricConstruction.https://www1.bca.gov.sg/buildsg/productivity/design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly-dfma/prefabricated-prefinished-volumetric-construction-ppvc.SingaporeBCA(2018),Superlowenergybuildingtechnologyroadmap.https://www.bca.gov.sg/greenmark/others/SLE_Tech_Roadmap.pdf.SingaporeBCA(2015),Anewstandardtemplateforfinancingenergyefficiencyretrofitsforbuildings.https://www1.bca.gov.sg/docs/default-source/docs-corp-news-and-publications/media-releases/sgbc-bca_ecp_media_release(nocontacts).pdf?sfvrsn=f409c363_2.TGBI(ThaiGreenBuildingInstitute)(2017),Thai’sRatingofEnergyandEnvironmentalSustainabilityforExistingBuilding:OperationandMaintenance.Retrievedfromhttps://tgbi.or.th/uploads/trees/2017_03_TREES-EB-Eng.pdf.Thailand,DepartmentofAlternativeEnergyDevelopmentandEfficiency(DEDE),MinistryofEnergy)(2012),ResearchandDevelopmentinthefieldofEnergyConservationandRenewableEnergyinThailand.https://weben.dede.go.th/webmax/content/research-and-development-field-energy-conservation-and-renewable-energy-thailand.UNDRR(UnitedNationsOfficeforDisasterRiskReduction)(2015),SendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReduction2015-2030.https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030.UNEP(UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme)(2018),AGuideforIncorporatingBuildingsActionsinNDCs.https://globalabc.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/GABC-NDC-GUIDE_ENGLISH.pdf.UNESCAP(UnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific)(2021a),AsiaPacificEnergyPortal.Indicators:PopulationinASEAN,2020.https://asiapacificenergy.org/#main/lang/en/graph/0/type/0/sort/0/time/[min,max]/indicator/[2406:880]/geo/[ASEAN]/legend/1/inspect/0.UNESCAP(2021b),AsiaPacificEnergyPortal.Indicators:UrbanisationrateinASEAN,2020.https://asiapacificenergy.org/#main/lang/en/graph/0/type/0/sort/0/time/[min,max]/indicator/[484:2554]/geo/[ASEAN]/legend/1/inspect/0RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAnnexPAGE169IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.UNESCAP(2021c),AsiaPacificEnergyPortal.Indicators:PopulationwithoutaccesstocleancookinginASEAN,2019.https://asiapacificenergy.org/#main/lang/en/graph/0/type/0/sort/0/time/[min,max]/indicator/[5072:2571]/geo/[ASPA,ASEAN]/legend/1/inspect/0.UNESCAP(2017),RegionalCapacityDevelopmentWorkshop:MainstreamingDRRinSustainableDevelopmentPlanningMyanmar’sCountryDisasterProfile.https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/knowledge-products/Myanmar%20Country%20Presentation.pdf.UNHabitatandUNESCAP(2015),TheStateofAsianandPacificCities2015:UrbanTransformationsShiftingfromQuantitytoReality.https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/TheStateofAsianandPacificCities2015.pdf.Urge-Vorsatz,D.,Petrichenko,K.,Antal,M.,Staniec,M.(2013),Cuttingtheenergyuseofbuildings:Howdeepcantheplanetgo?https://www.eceee.org/library/conference_proceedings/eceee_Summer_Studies/2013/5b-cutting-the-energy-use-of-buildings-policy-and-programmes/cutting-the-energy-use-of-buildings-how-deep-can-the-planet-go/2013/5B-376-13_Urge-Vorsatz.pdf/.RoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAnnexPAGE170IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.AbbreviationsandacronymsAADCPIIASEAN-AustraliaDevelopmentCooperationProgramPhaseIIACEASEANCentreforEnergyAMSASEANMemberState[s]APAECASEANPlanofActionforEnergyCooperationAPECAsiaPacificEconomicCommunityASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsASECASEANSecretariatBATBuildingAssessmentToolBEC[s]BuildingEnergyCodeBEMSBuildingEnergyandManagementSystemBIMBuildingInformationModellingBMSBuildingManagementSystemCISconstructindustrystandardC&DConstructionandDemolitionCCUSCarboncapture,utilisationandstorageCOPConferenceoftheParties(totheUNFCCC)CHPcombinedheatandpowerCSPFcoolingseasonperformancefactorDEDEDepartmentofAlternativeEnergyDevelopmentandEfficiency,MinistryofEnergy,ThailandDSMdemand-sidemanagementEBExistingBuildingsEEenergyefficiencyEE&C-SSNEnergyEfficiencyandConservationSub-SectorNetworkEDGEMicrosoftEDGEEEFDEnergyEfficiencyDivisionoftheInternationalEnergyAgencyEERenergyefficiencyratioorratingEMGSEnergyManagementGoldStandardEMSEnergyManagementSystemESCOEnergyServicesCompanyESGenvironmental,social,governanceEPCEnergyPerformanceCertificatesEPDEnvironmentalProductDeclarationGBCGreenBuildingCouncilGDPgrossdomesticproductGHGGreenhouseGasGISgeographicinformationsystemGIZDeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GermanSocietyforInternationalCo-operation)GHGgreenhousegasRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAnnexPAGE171IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.GlobalABCGlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstructionGPBNGlobalBuildingsPerformanceNetworkIEAInternationalEnergyAgencyIFCInternationalFinanceCorporationIPEECInternationalPartnershipforEnergyEfficiencyCooperationIRENAInternationalRenewableEnergyAgencyLCMTLowCarbonModelTownLEEDLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesignLCAlifecycleassessmentNBNewBuildingsNDCnationallydeterminedcontributionNGOnon-governmentalorganisationNZCnetzero-carbonMMaterialsMEPSminimumenergyperformancestandardsOECDOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentOTTVoverallthermaltransfervalueO&MoperationsandmaintenancePEEBProgrammeforEnergyEfficiencyinBuildingPPPpublic-privatepartnership/purchasingpriceparity[whenusedwithacurrency]PVphotovoltaicPVCPolyvinylchlorideR&DresearchanddevelopmentRErenewableenergySAEMASSustainableASEANEnergyManagementTrainingandCertificationSchemeSDGSustainableDevelopmentGoalSDSSustainableDevelopmentScenarioSEERseasonalenergyefficiencyratioSHGCsolarheatgaincoefficientTFECTotalFinalEnergyConsumptionTPESTotalPrimaryEnergySupplyTODTransit-OrientedDevelopmentUNUnitedNationsUNDPUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeUNEPUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeUNESCAPUnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacificUNFCCCUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeUPurbanplanningZEBZeroEnergyBuildingRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANAnnexPAGE172IEAandASEAN.Allrightsreserved.UnitsofmeasuregCO2gramofcarbondioxidegCO2/kWhgramsofcarbondioxideperkilowatt-hourGtCO2gigatonneofcarbondioxideGWgigawattGWhgigawatt-hourKWhkilowatt-hourkWh/m2kilowatt-hourpersquaremetrem2squaremetreMJmegajouleMWmegawatttCO2/capitatonneofcarbondioxidepercapitaTWhterawatthourWwattW/WwattsperwattTheRoadmapforEnergy-efficientBuildingsandConstructioninASEANispartofacollaborativeprojectbetweentheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),theAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)MemberStatesthroughtheEnergyEfficiencyandEnergyConservationSub-SectorNetwork(EE&C-SSN),theASEANSecretariatandtheASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE).ThereportwaspreparedbytheIEA.ThereportwasmadepossiblethankstofinancialassistancefromASEAN-AustraliaDevelopmentCooperationProgramPhaseII(AADCPII).DisclaimerThisreportisastakeholder-drivendocumentthathasbeendevelopedinconsultationwithregionalenergyefficiencyexpertsandstakeholders.ThetimelinesandtargetsinthisreportreflectregionalandglobalexpertandstakeholderviewsanddiscussionsandtheviewsexpressedarenotnecessarilythoseoftheIEA,theindividualIEAmembercountries,ASEAN,ortheASEANMemberStates.Moreover,anycitingoftradenamesorcommercialprocessdoesnotconstituteendorsement.TheIEAandASEANdonotmakeanyrepresentationorwarranty,expressorimplied,inrespectofthereport’scontents(includingitscompletenessoraccuracy)andshallnotberesponsibleforanyuseof,orrelianceon,thereport.GeographicaldisclaimerThisreportandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthisreportdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheauthors,theIEAorASEANconcerningthenameorlegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorarea,norofitsauthorities,norconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.IEAandASEAN(2022).Allrightsreserved.NouseofthispublicationmaybemadeforresaleorforanyothercommercialpurposewhatsoeverwithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromtheIEA(rights@iea.org)and/orAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)/ASEANSecretariat(public@asean.org).IEAPublicationsInternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgContactinformation:www.iea.org/about/contactTypesetinFrancebyIEA–April2022Coverdesign:IEAPhotocredits:©GettyImages

1、当您付费下载文档后，您只拥有了使用权限，并不意味着购买了版权，文档只能用于自身使用，不得用于其他商业用途（如 [转卖]进行直接盈利或[编辑后售卖]进行间接盈利）。
2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。
3、如文档内容存在违规，或者侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权等，请点击“违规举报”。

碎片内容

碳中和的最新文档