双碳目标下电力系统转型对产业部门影响评估
——以粤港澳大湾区为例
许鸿伟 1,2,3,4,5,汪 鹏1,2,3*,任松彦 1,2,3,林泽伟 1,2,3 ,张 聪1,2,3 ,赵黛青 1,2,3
(1.中国科学院广州能源研究所,广东 广州 510640;2.中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室,广东 广州 510640;3.广东省新
能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室,广东 广州 510640;4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;5.广东省环境科学研
究院,广东 广州 510045)
摘要:为评估双碳目标路径实现对产业部门变化的影响,本研究通过构建粤港澳大湾区动态 CGE 模型,设计基准情景、碳中和情景和强化碳中和情
景,评估双碳目标约束下电力系统转型对不同等级电力依赖产业微观及宏观影响。结果表明:(1)相比基准情景,碳中和情景电力部门 2045 年实
现零碳电力对大湾区经济发展和外购电占比带来一定程度影响,双碳限制作用将促进 2050 年能源消耗总量和碳排放量分别降低 8.9%、67%,导致外
购电力占比提高 11%和GDP 总量损失 3.9%,但各产业部门的电能替代性、碳减排贡献性和增加值柔韧性存在差异,其中高等电力依赖部门电能替
代性和碳减排潜力较小,同时经济受影响最小,每部门增加值损失约 790 亿元;中等电力和低等电力依赖部门的碳减排贡献较大,单个部门碳减排
空间在 400-700 万吨之间,每个部门平均经济损失在 1000-3200 亿元之间,经济发展受限较大,应推动向高电气化部门和清洁能源替代方向调整。(2)
相比碳中和情景,强化碳中和情景电力部门 2040 年更早实现零碳,绿电增长有利于湾区加强电力供应安全性和社会经济增长,2050 年外购电力占比
降低 11%,促进 GDP 增长 1.5%,增长来自电力部门和中高等电力依赖产业部门,同时促进各等级电力依赖部门电气化率提升。本研究定量评估了
双碳目标下产业部门的正负影响程度及对宏观经济的促进作用,为政府制订产业低碳转型政策和设计碳中和路径提供参考依据。
关键词:粤港澳大湾区;混合动态 CGE;电力系统转型;双碳目标;产业部门
中图分类号:X321 文献标识码:A
Impact assessment of power system transition on industrial sectors under dual carbon targets
-- Take the Greater Bay Area as an example
XU Hong-Wei1, 2, 3, 4,5,WANG Peng1, 2,3*, REN Song-Yan1, 2, 3 ,LIN Ze-Wei1, 2, 3 ,ZHANG Cong1, 2, 3 ,ZHAO Dai-Qing1, 2, 3
(1 Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; 2 Key Laboratory of
Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and
Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640 China; 4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100049, China;5 Guangdong Academy of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510045 China)
Abstract:In order to evaluate the impact of the realization of the dual carbon target path on the change of industrial sectors, this
study constructed a dynamic CGE model of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and designed baseline scenarios,
carbon neutralization scenarios and enhanced carbon neutralization scenarios to evaluate the micro and macro impacts of the power
system transformation on different levels of power-dependent industries under the constraints of the dual carbon target. The results
show that: (1) Compared with the baseline scenario, the realization of zero-carbon electricity in the carbon-neutral power sector in
2045 will have a certain impact on the economic development of the Greater Bay Area and the proportion of outsourced power to
some extent. Dual carbon constraints will promote the reduction of total energy consumption and carbon emissions by 8.9% and 67%
respectively in 2050, resulting in an 11% increase in the proportion of outsourced power and a 3.9% loss in total GDP. However,
there are differences in electric energy substitution, carbon emission reduction contribution and added value flexibility among
different industrial sectors. Among them, the energy substitution and carbon emission reduction potential of the high power
dependent sector is smaller, and the economy is least affected, with the added value loss of each sector of about 79 billion yuan.
Medium and low power dependent sectors have a greater contribution to carbon emission reduction, with the space for carbon
emission reduction in a single sector ranging from 4 million to 7 million tons, and the average economic loss in each sector ranging