2050年氢气预测（英）-DNV免费下载

HYDROGEN FORECAST TO 2050Energy Transition Outlook 20222DNV — Hydrogen forecast to 2050 CONTENTS Foreword 3 Highlights 41 Introduction 8 1.1 Properties of hydrogen 9 1.2 Today’s industrial use and ambitions 12 1.3 Hydrogen value chains 15 1.4 Safety, risks and hazards 20 1.5 Hydrogen investments risks 262 Hydrogen policies and strategies 30 2.1 Policy and the hydrogen transition 30 2.2 Details on the policy and regulatory landscape 34 2.3 Regional hydrogen policy developments 37 2.4 Policy factors in our hydrogen forecast 463 Producing hydrogen 48 3.1 Ways of producing hydrogen 48 3.2 Hydrogen from fossil fuels: methane reforming and coal gasification 50 3.3 Hydrogen from electricity: electrolysis 524 Storage and transport 56 4.1 Ways of transporting and storing hydrogen 56 4.2 Storage 58 4.3 Transmission transport system 61 4.4 Distribution pipelines 65 4.5 Shipping hydrogen 665 Hydrogen: forecast demand and supply 70 5.1 Hydrogen production 73 5.2 Hydrogen as feedstock 78 5.3 Hydrogen as energy 816 Trade infrastructure 92 6.1 Seaborne interregional transport 93 6.2 Pipeline transport 947 Deep dive: evolution of value chains 96 7.1 Four competing hydrogen value chains 96 7.2 Solar PV in Southern Spain 98 7.3 Geothermal energy in Iceland 101 7.4 Offshore wind on the North Sea 104 7.5 Nuclear power 106 7.5 Comparison and conclusion 108 References 110 Project team 113 3ForewordFOREWORDRemi EriksenGroup president and CEODNVWelcome to DNV’s first standalone forecast of hydrogen in the energy transition through to 2050.While there are ambitious statements about the prominent role that hydrogen could play in the energy transition, the amount of low-carbon and renewable hydrogen currently being produced is ne...