2021年世界能源统计报告- 英国石油公司VIP专享VIP免费

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Statistical Review

of World Energy

2021 | 70th edition

Contents

Introduction

1 Chief executive ofﬁcer’s

introduction

2 2020 at a glance

3 Chief economist’s analysis

Primary energy

1 0 Consumption

11 Consumption by fuel

13 Consumption per capita

CO2Carbon

1 5 Carbon dioxide emissions

Oil

1 6 Reserves

1 8 Production

22 Consumption

2 8 Prices

3 0 Reﬁning

3 2 Trade movements

Natural gas

3 4 Reserves

3 6 Production

3 8 Consumption

4 1 Prices

4 2 Trade movements

Coal

46 Reserves

48 Production

49 Consumption

51 Prices and trade movements

Nuclear energy

5 2 Consumption

Hydroelectricity

5 3 Consumption

Renewable energy

5 5 Renewables consumption

56 Renewable power generation

57 Generation by source

58 Solar capacity

59 Wind capacity

60 Biofuels production

61 Biofuels consumption

Electricity

6 3 Generation

65 Generation by fuel

Key minerals

6 6 Production

67 Reserves

67 Prices

Appendices

6 8 Approximate conversion factors

6 9 Deﬁnitions

6 9 More information

Discover more online

All the tables and charts found in the printed edition are available

at bp.com/statisticalreview plus a number of extras, including:

The energy charting tool – view predetermined reports or chart

speciﬁc data according to energy type, region, country and year.

Historical data from 1965 for many sections. Additional

country and regional coverage for all consumption tables.

Additional data for reﬁned oil production demand, natural gas, coal,

hydroelectricity, nuclear energy and renewables.

PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of the charts, maps

and graphs, plus an Excel workbook and database format of

the data.

Download the bp World Energy app

Explore the world of energy from your tablet or smartphone.

Customise charts and perform the calculations. Review

the data online and ofﬂine. Download the app for free from

the Apple App Store and Google play store.

For 66 years, the BP Statistical Review of World

Energy has provided high-quality objective and

globally consistent data on world energy markets.

The review is one of the most widely respected

and authoritative publications in the ﬁeld of energy

economics, used for reference by the media,

academia, world governments and energy

companies. A new edition is published every June.

Discover more online

All the tables and charts found in the latest printed

edition are available at bp.com/statisticalreview

plus a number of extras, including:

•The energy charting tool – view

predetermined reports or chart speciﬁc data

according to energy type, region, country

and year.

•Historical data from 1965 for many sections.

•Additional data for reﬁned oil production

demand, natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity,

nuclear energy and renewables.

•PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of

the charts, maps and graphs, plus an Excel

workbook of the data.

•Regional and country factsheets.

•Videos and speeches.

Energy Outlook

Watch the BP Energy Outlook 2017 video,

containing our projections of long-term energy

trends to 2035. Download the booklet and

presentation materials at bp.com/energyoutlook

Join the conversation

#BPstats

Download the BP World Energy app

Explore the world of energy from your tablet or

smartphone. Customize charts and perform the

calculations. Review the data online and ofﬂine.

Download the app for free from the Apple

App Store and Google play store.

Disclaimer

The data series for proved oil and gas reserves in BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2017 does not necessarily

meet the deﬁnitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at company level, for instance, as

published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent BP’s view of proved

reserves by country. Rather, the data series has been compiled using a combination of primary ofﬁcial sources and

third-party data.

1bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021

Chief executive ofﬁcer’s introduction

The fall in carbon emissions from energy use was equally striking,

with emissions falling by over 6% in 2020 – again, the largest decline

since 1945. Although unmatched in modern peacetime, the rate of

decline in carbon emissions last year is similar to what the world needs

to average each year for the next 30 years to be on track to meet the

aims of the Paris Agreement.

Not just green but greening

There are worrying signs that last year’s COVID-induced dip in carbon

emissions will be short lived as the world economy recovers and

lockdowns are lifted. The challenge is to achieve sustained, comparable

year-on-year reductions in emissions without massive disruption to our

livelihoods and our everyday lives.

Since the Paris Conference of Parties (COP21) in 2015 there has been

a huge increase in countries’ ambitions to decarbonize. Around 70% of

the world’s carbon emissions are now covered by net zero targets and

pledges. But this rising ambition has yet to be translated into a decisive

reduction in emissions. The next big staging post for that challenge

will occur later this year in Glasgow, Scotland which will host COP26

– arguably the most important UN climate change conference since

the Paris meeting. I hope that, in years to come, we all talk about the

Glasgow Agreement with the same importance and reverence as we

do the Paris goals.

I sincerely believe that companies like bp with net zero ambitions,

coherent plans, and near, medium, and long-term aims – companies

that are committed to ‘greening’ – have a hugely signiﬁcant part to play

in achieving the Paris goals. Yes, the world needs more low carbon

companies. But maybe more than anything, it also needs existing energy

companies to decarbonize and in so doing use their scale and expertise

to help bring about the deep and complex rewiring and replumbing of the

global energy system that the world wants and needs to see over the

next 30 years.

It will take producers and consumers, as well as companies,

governments, and society, all working together to bring about the

necessary change.

100th anniversary of the Statistical Review

In 30 years, the Statistical Review will celebrate its 100th anniversary

reporting and analyzing energy developments in 2050, a year which has

become the focal point for so many net zero ambitions and aims. What

events and developments will our successors be able to look back on in

30 years’ time? Did the world respond quickly and decisively enough to

reduce the impacts of climate change?

We at bp are committed to playing our role. And I hope this year’s

Statistical Review will be useful to everyone pursuing a similar transition.

The Review would not be possible without the continuing co-operation

and transparency of governments and statistical agencies around the

world who each year contribute their ofﬁcial data, and the bp team who

make it so accessible and useful. You have my heartfelt thanks. And as

ever, Spencer Dale and the team welcome any feedback you might have.

Bernard Looney

Chief executive ofﬁcer

July 2021

2020 will forever be remembered as the year COVID-19 turned our daily

lives upside down.

Above all, this is a human tragedy. At the time of writing, around four

million people are estimated to have died due to COVID-19. The true

number is almost certainly far higher, and it continues to rise.

The combination of the pandemic and the actions taken to limit its

impact led to the largest recession in modern peacetime, with that loss

falling disproportionately on those in the world’s poorest and least-

developed countries. The economic scars from the pandemic will likely

persist for years to come. And, of course, the pandemic and resulting

economic turmoil spilled over into unparalleled volatility and disruption

in global energy markets.

Companies that are committed to ‘greening’

have a hugely signiﬁcant part to play in

achieving the Paris goals.

This year’s 70th edition of the bp Statistical Review provides all of us

with the objective and timely data needed to help make sense of the

most tumultuous events affecting energy markets in any of the past

seven decades.

Energy in 2020

Global energy demand is estimated to have fallen by 4.5% in 2020.

This is the largest recession since the end of World War II, driven by an

unprecedented collapse in oil demand, as the imposition of lockdowns

around the world decimated transport-related demand. The drop in oil

consumption accounted for around three-quarters of the total decline in

energy demand. Natural gas showed greater resilience, helped primarily

by continuing strong growth in China.

Despite the disorder of 2020, renewable energy, led by wind and solar

energy, continued to grow proliﬁcally. Remarkably, wind and solar capacity

increased by a colossal 238 GW last year – 50% larger than any previous

expansion. Likewise, the share of wind and solar generation in the global

power mix recorded its largest ever increase. The relative immunity of

renewable energy to the events of last year is encouraging.

/72

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StatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202170theditionContentsIntroduction1Chiefexecutiveofficer’sintroduction22020ataglance3Chiefeconomist’sanalysisPrimaryenergy10Consumption11Consumptionbyfuel13ConsumptionpercapitaCO2Carbon15CarbondioxideemissionsOil16Reserves18Production22Consumption28Prices30Refining32TrademovementsNaturalgas34Reserves36Production38Consumption41Prices42TrademovementsCoal46Reserves48Production49Consumption51PricesandtrademovementsNuclearenergy52ConsumptionHydroelectricity53ConsumptionRenewableenergy55Renewablesconsumption56Renewablepowergeneration57Generationbysource58Solarcapacity59Windcapacity60Biofuelsproduction61BiofuelsconsumptionElectricity63Generation65GenerationbyfuelKeyminerals66Production67Reserves67PricesAppendices68Approximateconversionfactors69Definitions69MoreinformationDiscovermoreonlineAllthetablesandchartsfoundintheprintededitionareavailableatbp.com/statisticalreviewplusanumberofextras,including:Theenergychartingtool–viewpredeterminedreportsorchartspecificdataaccordingtoenergytype,region,countryandyear.Historicaldatafrom1965formanysections.Additionalcountryandregionalcoverageforallconsumptiontables.Additionaldataforrefinedoilproductiondemand,naturalgas,coal,hydroelectricity,nuclearenergyandrenewables.PDFversionsandPowerPointslidepacksofthecharts,mapsandgraphs,plusanExcelworkbookanddatabaseformatofthedata.DownloadthebpWorldEnergyappExploretheworldofenergyfromyourtabletorsmartphone.Customisechartsandperformthecalculations.Reviewthedataonlineandoffline.DownloadtheappforfreefromtheAppleAppStoreandGoogleplaystore.For66years,theBPStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergyhasprovidedhigh-qualityobjectiveandgloballyconsistentdataonworldenergymarkets.Thereviewisoneofthemostwidelyrespectedandauthoritativepublicationsinthefieldofenergyeconomics,usedforreferencebythemedia,academia,worldgovernmentsandenergycompanies.AneweditionispublishedeveryJune.DiscovermoreonlineAllthetablesandchartsfoundinthelatestprintededitionareavailableatbp.com/statisticalreviewplusanumberofextras,including:•Theenergychartingtool–viewpredeterminedreportsorchartspecificdataaccordingtoenergytype,region,countryandyear.•Historicaldatafrom1965formanysections.•Additionaldataforrefinedoilproductiondemand,naturalgas,coal,hydroelectricity,nuclearenergyandrenewables.•PDFversionsandPowerPointslidepacksofthecharts,mapsandgraphs,plusanExcelworkbookofthedata.•Regionalandcountryfactsheets.•Videosandspeeches.EnergyOutlookWatchtheBPEnergyOutlook2017video,containingourprojectionsoflong-termenergytrendsto2035.Downloadthebookletandpresentationmaterialsatbp.com/energyoutlookJointheconversation#BPstatsDownloadtheBPWorldEnergyappExploretheworldofenergyfromyourtabletorsmartphone.Customizechartsandperformthecalculations.Reviewthedataonlineandoffline.DownloadtheappforfreefromtheAppleAppStoreandGoogleplaystore.1bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Chiefexecutiveofficer’sintroductionThefallincarbonemissionsfromenergyusewasequallystriking,withemissionsfallingbyover6%in2020–again,thelargestdeclinesince1945.Althoughunmatchedinmodernpeacetime,therateofdeclineincarbonemissionslastyearissimilartowhattheworldneedstoaverageeachyearforthenext30yearstobeontracktomeettheaimsoftheParisAgreement.NotjustgreenbutgreeningThereareworryingsignsthatlastyear’sCOVID-induceddipincarbonemissionswillbeshortlivedastheworldeconomyrecoversandlockdownsarelifted.Thechallengeistoachievesustained,comparableyear-on-yearreductionsinemissionswithoutmassivedisruptiontoourlivelihoodsandoureverydaylives.SincetheParisConferenceofParties(COP21)in2015therehasbeenahugeincreaseincountries’ambitionstodecarbonize.Around70%oftheworld’scarbonemissionsarenowcoveredbynetzerotargetsandpledges.Butthisrisingambitionhasyettobetranslatedintoadecisivereductioninemissions.ThenextbigstagingpostforthatchallengewilloccurlaterthisyearinGlasgow,ScotlandwhichwillhostCOP26–arguablythemostimportantUNclimatechangeconferencesincetheParismeeting.Ihopethat,inyearstocome,wealltalkabouttheGlasgowAgreementwiththesameimportanceandreverenceaswedotheParisgoals.Isincerelybelievethatcompanieslikebpwithnetzeroambitions,coherentplans,andnear,medium,andlong-termaims–companiesthatarecommittedto‘greening’–haveahugelysignificantparttoplayinachievingtheParisgoals.Yes,theworldneedsmorelowcarboncompanies.Butmaybemorethananything,italsoneedsexistingenergycompaniestodecarbonizeandinsodoingusetheirscaleandexpertisetohelpbringaboutthedeepandcomplexrewiringandreplumbingoftheglobalenergysystemthattheworldwantsandneedstoseeoverthenext30years.Itwilltakeproducersandconsumers,aswellascompanies,governments,andsociety,allworkingtogethertobringaboutthenecessarychange.100thanniversaryoftheStatisticalReviewIn30years,theStatisticalReviewwillcelebrateits100thanniversaryreportingandanalyzingenergydevelopmentsin2050,ayearwhichhasbecomethefocalpointforsomanynetzeroambitionsandaims.Whateventsanddevelopmentswilloursuccessorsbeabletolookbackonin30years’time?Didtheworldrespondquicklyanddecisivelyenoughtoreducetheimpactsofclimatechange?Weatbparecommittedtoplayingourrole.AndIhopethisyear’sStatisticalReviewwillbeusefultoeveryonepursuingasimilartransition.TheReviewwouldnotbepossiblewithoutthecontinuingco-operationandtransparencyofgovernmentsandstatisticalagenciesaroundtheworldwhoeachyearcontributetheirofficialdata,andthebpteamwhomakeitsoaccessibleanduseful.Youhavemyheartfeltthanks.Andasever,SpencerDaleandtheteamwelcomeanyfeedbackyoumighthave.BernardLooneyChiefexecutiveofficerJuly20212020willforeverberememberedastheyearCOVID-19turnedourdailylivesupsidedown.Aboveall,thisisahumantragedy.Atthetimeofwriting,aroundfourmillionpeopleareestimatedtohavediedduetoCOVID-19.Thetruenumberisalmostcertainlyfarhigher,anditcontinuestorise.Thecombinationofthepandemicandtheactionstakentolimititsimpactledtothelargestrecessioninmodernpeacetime,withthatlossfallingdisproportionatelyonthoseintheworld’spoorestandleast-developedcountries.Theeconomicscarsfromthepandemicwilllikelypersistforyearstocome.And,ofcourse,thepandemicandresultingeconomicturmoilspilledoverintounparalleledvolatilityanddisruptioninglobalenergymarkets.Companiesthatarecommittedto‘greening’haveahugelysignificantparttoplayinachievingtheParisgoals.Thisyear’s70theditionofthebpStatisticalReviewprovidesallofuswiththeobjectiveandtimelydataneededtohelpmakesenseofthemosttumultuouseventsaffectingenergymarketsinanyofthepastsevendecades.Energyin2020Globalenergydemandisestimatedtohavefallenby4.5%in2020.ThisisthelargestrecessionsincetheendofWorldWarII,drivenbyanunprecedentedcollapseinoildemand,astheimpositionoflockdownsaroundtheworlddecimatedtransport-relateddemand.Thedropinoilconsumptionaccountedforaroundthree-quartersofthetotaldeclineinenergydemand.Naturalgasshowedgreaterresilience,helpedprimarilybycontinuingstronggrowthinChina.Despitethedisorderof2020,renewableenergy,ledbywindandsolarenergy,continuedtogrowprolifically.Remarkably,windandsolarcapacityincreasedbyacolossal238GWlastyear–50%largerthananypreviousexpansion.Likewise,theshareofwindandsolargenerationintheglobalpowermixrecordeditslargesteverincrease.Therelativeimmunityofrenewableenergytotheeventsoflastyearisencouraging.2bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021EnergydevelopmentsPrimaryenergyconsumptionfellby4.5%in2020–thelargestdeclinesince1945.Thedropinenergyconsumptionwasdrivenmainlybyoil,whichcontributedalmostthree-quartersofthenetdecline,althoughnaturalgasandcoalalsosawsignificantdeclines.Wind,solarandhydroelectricityallgrewdespitethefallinoverallenergydemand.Bycountry,theUS,IndiaandRussiacontributedthelargestdeclinesinenergyconsumption.Chinapostedthelargestincrease(2.1%),oneofonlyahandfulofcountrieswhereenergydemandgrewlastyear.CarbonemissionsCarbonemissionsfromenergyusefellby6.3%,totheirlowestlevelsince2011.Aswithprimaryenergy,thiswasthelargestdeclinesincetheendofWorldWarII.OilTheoilprice(DatedBrent)averaged$41.84/bblin2020–thelowestsince2004.Oilconsumptionfellbyarecord9.1millionbarrelsperday(b/d),or9.3%,toitslowestlevelsince2011.OildemandfellmostintheUS(-2.3millionb/d),theEU(-1.5millionb/d)andIndia(-480,000b/d).Chinawasvirtuallytheonlycountrywhereconsumptionincreased(220,000b/d).Globaloilproductionshrankby6.6millionb/d,withOPECaccountingfortwo-thirdsofthedecline.Libya(-920,000b/d)andSaudiArabia(-790,000b/d)sawthelargestOPECdeclines,whileRussia(-1.0millionb/d)andtheUS(-600,000b/d)lednon-OPECreductions.Refineryutilizationfellbyarecord8.0percentagepointsto74.1%,thelowestlevelsince1985.NaturalgasNaturalgaspricesdeclinedtomulti-yearlows:USHenryHubaveraged$1.99/mmBtuin2020–thelowestsince1995,whileAsianLNGprices(JapanKoreaMarker)registeredtheirlowestlevelonrecord($4.39/mmBtu).Naturalgasconsumptionfellby81billioncubicmetres(bcm),or2.3%.Nevertheless,theshareofgasinprimaryenergycontinuedtorise,reachingarecordhighof24.7%.DeclinesingasdemandwereledbyRussia(-33bcm)andtheUS(-17bcm),withChina(22bcm)andIran(10bcm)contributingthelargestincreases.Inter-regionalgastradereducedby5.3%,completelyaccountedforbya54bcm(10.9%)dropinpipelinetrade.LNGsupplygrewby4bcmor0.6%,wellbelowthe10-yearaveragerateof6.8%p.a.USLNGsupplyexpandedby14bcm(29%),butthiswaspartiallyoffsetbydeclinesinmostotherregions,notablyEuropeandAfrica.CoalCoalconsumptionfellby6.2exajoules(EJ),or4.2%,ledbydeclinesintheUS(-2.1EJ)andIndia(-1.1EJ),withOECDcoalconsumptionfallingtoitslowestlevelinourdataseriesbackto1965.ChinaandMalaysiawerenotableexceptions,increasingtheirconsumptionby0.5EJand0.2EJrespectively.Globalcoalproductionwasdown8.3EJ(5.2%).Aswithconsumption,productiongrowthinChina(1.1EJ)wasoutweighedbysharpdeclinesinseveralcountries,includingtheUS(-3.6EJ),Indonesia(-1.3EJ)andColombia(-1.0EJ).Renewables,hydroandnuclearRenewableenergy(includingbiofuelsbutexcludinghydro)roseby9.7%,slowerthanthe10-yearaverage(13.4%p.a.)buttheincrementinenergyterms(2.9EJ)wassimilartoincreasesseenin2017,2018and2019.Solarelectricityrosebyarecord1.3EJ(20%),however,wind(1.5EJ)providedthelargestcontributiontorenewablesgrowth.Solarcapacityexpandedby127GW,whilewindcapacitygrew111GW–almostdoubleitsprevioushighestannualincrease.Chinawasthelargestindividualcontributortorenewablesgrowth(1.0EJ),followedbytheUS(0.4EJ).Europe,asaregion,contributed0.7EJ.Hydroelectricitygrewby1.0%,againledbyChina(0.4EJ),whilenuclearenergyfell4.1%,drivenmainlybydeclinesinFrance(-0.4EJ),theUS(-0.2EJ)andJapan(-0.2EJ).ElectricityElectricitygenerationfellby0.9%–morethanthedeclinein2009(-0.5%),theonlyotheryearinourdataseries(whichstartsin1985)whenelectricitydemandfell.Theshareofrenewablesinpowergenerationincreasedfrom10.3%to11.7%,whilecoal’ssharefell1.3percentagepointsto35.1%–anewlowinourdataseries.KeymineralsLithiumproductionfell4.6%onadropinAustralianoutput,whileCobaltoutputrose2.9%asproductionintheDemocraticRepublicofCongopartiallyrecoveredfromitsdipin2019.Rareearthmetalsproductionexpandedby23.2%,drivenbystronggrowthinAustraliaandtheUS.TheCOVID-19pandemichadadramaticimpactonenergymarkets,withbothprimaryenergyandcarbonemissionsfallingattheirfastestratessincetheSecondWorldWar.Nevertheless,renewableenergycontinuedtogrow,withsolarpowerrecordingitslargesteverincrease.-4.5%and-6.3%Declineinglobalprimaryenergyconsumptionandcarbonemissions,thelargestfallssince19452020ataglance3bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021developedeconomies–isexpectedtopersistformanyyearsafterthevirusisbroughtundercontrol.LongCOVIDcantakemanydifferentforms.Fortheglobalenergysystem,thecombinationofthepandemic,togetherwitheffortstomitigateitsimpact,ledtodevelopmentsandoutturnsunmatchedinmodernpeacetime.Forenergy,2020wasayearlikenoother.TheaiminthisanalysisistousethenewStatisticalReviewdatatotrytoshedlightonthosedevelopments,focusingonthreekeyquestions.First,overthepastyear,wehavebeenbombardedwithdailyheadlinesofunprecedenteddevelopmentsandvolatility.Standingbackfromallthenoise,whatexactlyhappenedlastyearintheworldofenergyandhowsurprisingwasit?Second,theglobalpandemicwasthemotherofallstresstests.Engineerswilltellyouthatwecanlearnalotfromhowsystemsbehaveunderextremepressure.Inthatspirit,whathavewelearntfromtheresponseoftheglobalenergysystemtotheCOVID-19crisis?Andfinally,thisalltookplaceagainstabackdropofincreasingsocietalandpoliticaldemandsforanacceleratedtransitiontoanetzeroenergysystem.Indeed,GlasgowinScotlandwasduetohostCOP26lastyear–arguablythemostimportantUNclimateconferencesinceParis.Intheevent,theconferencehadtobedelayeduntilNovember2021.So,asweprepareforGlasgow,whatlessonscanwedrawfromthepastyear–and,moregenerally,fromthedevelopmentssinceParis–forthechallengesandopportunitiesforthisyear’sCOP?Energyin2020:whathappenedandhowsurprisingwasit?Startingfirstwithwhatactuallyhappenedlastyearandhowsurprisingwasit?Theheadlinenumbersaredramatic:worldenergydemandisestimatedtohavefallenby4.5%andglobalcarbonemissionsfromenergyuseby6.3%.Thesefallsarehugebyhistoricalstandards–thelargestfallsinbothenergydemandandcarbonemissionssinceWorldWarII.Indeed,thefallofover2GtofCO2meansthatcarbonemissionslastyearwerebacktolevelslastseenin2011.It’salsostrikingthatthecarbonintensityoftheenergymix–theaveragecarbonemittedperunitofenergyused–fellby1.8%,alsooneofthelargesteverfallsinpost-warhistory.Energyin2020:theyearofCOVIDThisisthe70thanniversaryofthebpStatisticalReview–somethingweareincrediblyproudof.Sinceitwasfirstpublishedin1952,theStatisticalReviewhasprovidedaconstantsourceofobjective,comprehensive–and,mostimportantly–trusteddatatohelpindustry,governmentsandcommentatorsmakesenseofdevelopmentsinglobalenergymarkets.Overthose70years,theStatisticalReviewhasbornewitnesstosomeofthemostdramaticepisodesinthehistoryoftheglobalenergysystem:theSuezCanalcrisisin1956,theoilembargoof1973,soonfollowedbytheIranianrevolutionin1979,andmorerecently,theFukushimadisasterin2011.Allmomentsofgreatturmoilinglobalenergy.Butallpaleincomparisontotheeventsoflastyear.Mostimportantly,thepandemicthatengulfedtheworldlastyearisahumanitariantragedy.AsofthebeginningofJuly,closetofourmillionpeoplewerereportedtohavediedasaresultofCOVID-19.Thetruenumberislikelytobefarhigher,anditcontinuestorise.Thepandemicalsoledtohugeeconomicloss.GlobalGDPisestimatedtohavefallenbyover3.5%lastyear–thelargestpeacetimerecessionsincetheGreatDepression.TheIMFestimatethataround100millionpeoplehavebeenpushedintopovertyasaresultofthevirus.Andtheeconomicscarringfromthepandemic–especiallyfortheworld’spoorestandleast-Chiefeconomist’sanalysis-2.1Gtfallincarbonemissions,takingCO2emissionstolowestlevelsince201104-42-26PredictedenergyconsumptionPrimaryenergyconsumption20002004200220062008201020122014201620182020Globalenergydemand:actualversuspredicted-6Annualchange,%Annualchange1940507080900010602020-5%-10%5%0%10%-20%15%-15%GlobalenergydemandandcarbonemissionsPrimaryenergyconsumptionCO2emissionsfromenergyuseAnnualchange1940507080900010602020-5%-10%5%0%10%-20%15%-15%4bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021totaldeclineinenergyconsumption.It’salsothekeyfactoraccountingforthenear-recordfallinthecarbonintensityoftheenergymix.Theyellowbarsintheenergydemandgrowthchartuseasimilarmodellingapproachtoderivepredictedmovementsforeachofthedemandcomponents.Asyoucansee,thefallinoilconsumptionin2020wasfarbiggerthanexpectedbasedonpastrelationships.Andtheextentofthatdiscrepancywasfargreaterthanforanyoftheotherdemandcomponents.Thedeclineinnaturalgaswasprettymuchbang-in-linewiththemodelpredictionandelectricityconsumptionactuallyfellbylessthanpredicted.Indeed,forthoseofyouwholiketothinkinstatisticalterms,theonlystatisticallysignificantpredictionerrorswerethosefortotalenergydemandandoildemand.Andthesurpriseintotalenergydemandcanbeentirelyexplainedbythegreater-than-expectedfallinoildemand.Ofcourse,forallofuswhoexperiencedextendedlockdownslastyear,thisishardlysurprising.Thelockdownsdetractedfromoildemandinacompletelydifferentwaytoanormaleconomicdownturn,crushingtransport-relateddemand.Mobilitymetricsfellacrosstheboard.Useofjetfuelandkeroseneisestimatedtohaveplungedby40%(3.2Mb/d)asaviationacrossmuchoftheworldwasgrounded.Howshouldwethinkaboutthesereductions?Fromahistoricalperspective,thefallsinenergydemandandcarbonemissionsareobviouslydramatic.Butfromaforward-lookingperspective,therateofdeclineincarbonemissionsobservedlastyearissimilartowhattheworldneedstoaverageeachandeveryyearforthenext30yearstobeontracktomeettheParisclimategoals.Putmoreconcretely,ifcarbonemissionsdeclinedatthesameaveragerateaslastyearforthenext30years,globalcarbonemissionswoulddeclinebyaround85%by2050.Forthoseofyoufamiliarwithbp’slatestEnergyOutlook,thatisroughlymid-waybetweentheRapidandNetZeroscenarios,whicharebroadlyconsistentwithmaintainingglobaltemperatureriseswellbelow2˚Candbelow1.5˚Crespectively.Lastyear’sfallincarbonemissionswasobviouslydrivenbyahugelossineconomicoutputandactivity.Asimplecalculationcomparingthefallinemissionswiththedeclineinworldoutputequatestoanimpliedcarbonpriceofalmost$1400/pertonne.Scarilyhigh.Thechallengeistoreduceemissionswithoutcausingmassivedisruptionanddamagetoeverydaylivesandlivelihoods.It’sinterestingtoaskhowsurprisingthefallsinenergydemandandcarbonemissionswerelastyear.Yes:theywerethebiggestfallsseenfor75years,buttheyoccurredagainstthebackdropofaglobalpandemicandthelargesteconomicrecessioninpost-warhistory.Sohowsurprisingweretheygiveneverythingelsethatwasgoingon?Theyellow‘predicted’lineintheglobalenergydemandchartisbasedonthesamesimpleframeworkwhichweusedinthe2019StatisticalReviewtoanalysemovementsinenergydemand.TheframeworkusesGDPgrowth,changesinoilprices(asaproxyforenergyprices),andthenumberofunusuallyhotandcolddaystopredictthegrowthofenergydemandatacountrylevelandthenaggregatestoglobalenergy1.Theneatthingabouttheframeworkisthat,despitebeingembarrassinglysimple,itcanexplainmostofthebroadcontoursinenergydemandoverthepast20yearsorso.Thekeyfeatureoflastyear’sfallinenergydemandisthatitwassurprisinglybig.Evenaftercontrollingforthecollapseineconomicactivity,thedeclineinenergydemandwasclosetotwicethesizeofthe‘predicted’fall:4.5%comparedwithapredictedfallofaround2.5%.Thesourceofthissurprisecanbebetterunderstoodbylookingatthesizeofthefallsinthedifferentcomponentsofenergydemand.Oildemandisestimatedtohavefallenbyanunprecedented9.3%(9.1millionbarrels/day,orMb/d)in2020–farbiggerthananythingseeninhistoryandfarbiggerthanthefallsintheotherdemandcomponents.Indeed,thefallinoildemandaccountsforaroundthree-quartersofthe-9.3%declineinoilconsumption,thelargestinhistory0%10%5%-5%15%194019501960197019801990200020102020Growthinoildemand-10%Annualchange1Thecountry-levelmodelforChinaalsoincludesavariabletocapturetheindustrialcompositionofGDPgrowth.Formoredetails,seehttps://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf-8%-10%-4%-6%-2%Predicted2020AnnualchangePrimaryenergyOilNaturalgasCoalElectricity-12%Energydemandgrowthin20200%5bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021needstohappen.Thereisstillalongwaytogotosqueezecoaloutofthepowersector.Inthedevelopedworld,thereneedstobegreaterprogressonenergyefficiency.Andaswehighlightedinthe2020EnergyOutlook,formanyemergingmarketeconomiestomakesignificantinroadsintotheroleofcoalwhilestillensuringimprovingenergyaccess,theywilllikelyneedtoseeanexpansioninnaturalgasalongsiderenewableenergyoverthenext15-20years.Finally,intermsofthissection,how‘surprising’waslastyear’sfallincarbonemissions?Orputdifferently,whatmessageshouldwetakefromthisfallforfuturecarbontrends?IsthisthebeginningofthemuchhopedfordownwardtrendinemissionsorjustatemporaryCOVID-induceddip?Thetwoelementscombiningtoproducethenear-recorddeclineincarbonemissions–thefallsinenergydemandandinthecarbonintensityoftheenergymix–canbothbelargelytracedbacktotheunprecedenteddeclineinoildemandtriggeredbythelockdowns.Thissuggeststhataslockdownsaroundtheworldareeasedandeconomicactivitybeginstorecover,thereisasignificantriskthatlastyear’sfallincarbonemissionswillbereversed.Indeed,theIEArecentlyestimatedthatthelevelofcarbonemissionslastDecemberwasalreadybackabovepre-crisislevels.WhatcanwelearnfromtheCOVID-inducedstresstest?Movingtothesecondquestionfortoday:whatcanwelearnfromthebehaviouroftheenergysysteminresponsetotheextremestresstestinducedbythepandemic?Thefocushereisonthesupplyresponse:howdiddifferentpartsoftheenergyindustryreacttothesudden,unexpectedfallindemand?AsIhavealreadymentioned,it’sstrikingthattherelentlessexpansionofrenewableenergywasrelativelyunscathedbythepandemic.Impressiveresilience.Iwillsaymoreaboutthegoodnewsstorythatisrenewableslater.Fornow,Iamgoingtoconcentrateonoilandnaturalgasmarketswhichwereaffectedmoreseverelybytheeventsoflastyear.Moreover,oilandnaturalgasmarketscouldbecomeincreasinglychallengedastheenergytransitiongatherspace.So,it’sinterestingtoaskwhetherwecanlearnanythingabouttheirfuturebehaviourfromtheirresponsetothestressesoflastyear.Similarly,gasolinedemandfellbyaround13%(3.1Mb/d)asroadmobilitymeasurescrashed.Incontrast,productsmostcloselyrelatedtothepetrochemicalssector(naphtha,ethaneandLPG)werebroadlyflat,supportedinpartbyincreasingdemandforPPEandothermedical-andhygiene-relatedsupplies.Incomparison,naturalgasshowedfargreaterresilience.Gasdemandisestimatedtohavefallenby2.3%(81bcm)in2020,abroadlysimilardeclinetothatseenin2009intheaftermathofthefinancialcrisis.Consumptionfellinmostregions,withthenotableexceptionofChina,wheregasdemandgrewbyalmost7%.Therelativeimmunityofnaturalgaswashelpedbysharpfallsingasprices,whichallowedgasgenerationtogainshareintheUSpowermarketandholditsownintheEU.Electricityconsumptionisestimatedtohaveexperiencedthesmallestfallacrossthemaincomponentsoffinalenergydemand,decliningbyjust0.9%in2020.Therelativeresilienceofelectricityusagewasaidedbythenatureofthelockdowns,withfallingpowerdemandinindustryandcommercialbuildingspartiallyoffsetbyincreaseddomesticusebyhome-basedworkersandlocked-downfamilies.Therelativeresilienceofoverallpowergenerationdisguisesamoresignificantshiftinthegenerationmix.Inparticular,despitethefallinoverallpowerdemand,generationfromrenewables(wind,solar,bioenergyandgeothermalenergy,andexcludinghydroelectricity)recordeditslargesteverincrease(358TWh).Thisgrowthwasdrivenbystrongincreasesinbothwind(173TWh)andsolar(148TWh)generation.Encouragingly,theshareofrenewablesinglobalgenerationrecordeditsfastesteverincrease.Thatcontinuesthestronggrowthseeninrecentyears.Overthepastfiveyears,renewablegenerationhasaccountedforaround60%ofthegrowthinglobalpowergeneration,withwindandsolarpowermorethandoubling.Thegrowthinrenewableslastyearcamelargelyattheexpenseofcoal-firedgeneration,whichexperiencedoneofitslargestdeclinesonrecord(405TWh,4.4%).Inadditiontofallingpowerdemandandincreasingdeploymentofrenewables,coalwasalsohurtbyalossofcompetitivenessrelativetonaturalgas,especiallyintheUSandEU.Thesetrendsareexactlywhattheworldneedstoseeasittransitionstonetzero:stronggrowthinrenewablegenerationcrowdingoutcoal.Thatsaid,the‘morethandoubling’inwindandsolargenerationoverthepastfiveyearshasn’tmadeeventhesmallestdentintotalcoalgeneration.Thelevelofcoalgenerationin2020wasessentiallyunchangedfromitslevelin2015aslastyear’sfallsimplyoffsetincreasesfromthepreviousfewyears.Itwilltakemorethanjuststronggrowthinrenewableenergytoremovecoalfromtheglobalpowersector,especiallyatthepaceit358TWhincreaseinrenewablepowergeneration,thelargestever100200RenewablesCoalSolarWindGeothermal,biomassandotherShareAnnualchange,TWh2010201220142016201830%40%10%20%50%20202010201220142016201820200%400300PowergenerationRenewablepowergenerationShareofrenewablesandcoalinglobalpowergeneration06bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021OilStartingfirstwithoil.Overtheyearasawhole,globaloilproductionisestimatedtohavefallenby6.6Mb/d–againthelargestfallinpost-warhistory.Togetasenseofthetimingandcompositionofthatsupplyresponseitishelpfultosplittheyearintothreephases.Phase1coverstheonsetoftheglobalpandemicfromDecember2019toApril2020.Thisistheperiodinwhichglobaloilconsumptionliterallycollapsed,withdemandreachingatroughinAprilofmorethan20Mb/dbelowpre-COVID-19levels.Offthechartsrelativetoanythingseeninhistory.Theinitialsupplyresponsewastotallyunderwhelming.Infact,itwascounterproductive.TheobvioussourceofsupplythatcouldreactquicklywasOPEC.Butasyouknow,thekeyOPEC+meetinginearlyMarchendedindisagreement,withsupplyactuallyincreasingforaperiodasabriefpricewarbrokeout.Oilinventoriesaccumulatedatarecordpace,increasingbyaround750millionbarrelsinjustfourmonths.Thatscaleofimbalanceisunheardofandgeneratedseverelogisticalissues,intermsofboththeavailabilityofstorageandtheabilityofexcesssuppliestoaccessstoragesufficientlyquickly.Pricesrespondedaccordingly.Brentreachedalowofbelow$20/bblinApril.AndoilmarketsmadefrontpagenewsasUSWTIpricesturnednegativeforthefirsttimeever.Thesecondphase,fromApriltoAugust,sawasignificantsupplyresponse.ThemainsupplyreactioncamefromOPEC+,whoagreedtocutoilproductionby9.7Mb/dbetweenMayandJune,laterextendedtoJuly.UStightoilalsoresponded,withproductionfallingbyaround2Mb/dbetweenMarchandMay.Theresponsivenessoftightoilistypicallyframedintermsoftherapiddeclineratesintightoilbasinscombinedwiththespeedwithwhichnewinvestmentcanbehalted.ButthepaceofresponseseenintheUSlastspringwasfarquickerthannaturaldecline,andwaslargelydrivenbyproducingwellsbeingshut-in,duetoacombinationoflogisticsandeconomics.ThefallsinUStightoilwerecompoundedbyfallsinconventionalsupplies.Alltold,NorthAmericanproductionfellbyaround4Mb/dbetweenMarchandMay–roughlytwicethatofRussia.Atthesametime,demandpartiallyrecoveredaslockdownswereeased,initiallyinAsiaandincreasinglyintheUSandEurope.Thisresultedinaconvergenceofproductionandconsumptionlevels,withinventoriesbroadlystableattheirnewelevatedlevel.Thethirdandfinalphase,fromAugustthroughtotheendoftheyear,wasoneofgradualadjustment.Demandcontinuedtoedgeup,althoughsecondwavesofCOVID-19spreadingacrossdifferentregionsslowedthepaceofrecovery.Someofthesupplyresponse,frombothOPEC+andUStightoil,waspartiallyunwound.ButcontinuingOPEC+constraintandcompliancemeantthemarketmovedintodeficitandstocksbegantonormalize.Bytheendoftheyear,aroundhalfoftheexcessstocksaccumulatedduringthefirstpartoftheyearhadbeenunwound.Andpriceshadrecoveredtoaround$50/bbl.Whatlessonscanwedrawfromthisreal-worldstresstestofglobaloilmarkets?Forme,themainlessonwasOPEC+wasbothableandwillingtostepinandstabiliseoilmarkets.Butwhetherthismeansitwillalwaysbeabletodoso,dependsonthetypeofshockaffectingoilmarkets.ThenatureofOPEC’spowertoshiftsupplyintertemporallyfromoneperiodtoanothermeansithastheabilitytooffsettemporary,short-livedshocks.Indeed,inresponsetoaneconomicsexamquestionofwhattypeofdemandshockisOPECbestabletostabilise–aglobalpandemicfollowedbyasuccessfulvaccinewouldbeclosetotheperfectanswer:relativelyshort-lived,temporaryshocks.WhichiswhatmakestheinitialfailureofOPECtoreachagreementinMarch2020allthemoresurprising.Incontrast,theability–andincentive–forOPECtooffsetasustainedandgrowingfallinoildemandastheworldtransitionstonetzeroislessclear.Inthiscase,theremaybeagreaterincentiveforindividualOPECmemberstoworrymoreaboutprotectingandgrowingtheirmarketsharesandlessaboutstabilizingmarkets.-6.6Mb/dFallinglobaloilproduction,thelargestdropinpost-warhistoryPhase1(Dec‘19–April)Phase2(April–Aug)Phase3(Aug–Dec)-30-1010-2020Change(frombeginningtoendofphase),Mb/dSource:EIA(demand),IEA(supply),S&PGlobalPlatts(prices).Oilmarketin2020DemandSupplyOildemandandsupply0880084009200MbblsGlobaloilstocks8000604020080$/bblOilprices(Brent)7bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021NaturalgasTurningtonaturalgasmarkets.IwanttofocusontheEuropeangasmarket,bothbecauseit’sthelargestmarketinwhichthereisactivegas-on-gascompetition;andbecauseofthekeyroleitplaysasthebalancingmarketforliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)cargoes.So,whatcanwelearnfromitsbehaviourinresponsetothestresscausedbythepandemic,withEuropeangasimportsfallingbyover8½%lastyear?Thegas-on-gascompetitioninEuropetakestheformofpipelineimports–predominantlyfromRussia–competingagainstLNGimports–largelyfromtheUSasthemarginalsourceofLNG.AsLNGimportshaveincreasedinrecentyearsithasraisedthequestionoftheextenttowhichRussiaandotherpipelinegasexporterswillcompeteagainstLNGtomaintaintheirmarketshareorinsteadforgosomeofthatsharetoavoiddrivingpricestoolow.ThisissuecouldbecomemoreacuteinatransitioninwhichEuropemovesawayfromnaturalgasandcompetitionbetweendifferentgassuppliesintensifies.Althoughthereislotsofcomplicatingdetail,itappearsthatRussianexporterswerepreparedtoforgosomemarketsharelastyear.PipelineimportsfromRussiaasashareofEuropeangasdemandfellfrom35%in2019to31%in2020,withmuchofthereductionhappeninginthefirsthalfoflastyear.Someofthatreductioninitiallyreflectedtherecordstoragelevelswhichhadbeenbuiltuptowardstheendof2019.ButRussianvolumesremainedlowthroughthesecondquarterwhentheimpactofthepandemiconEuropeangasdemandwasatitsheight.Incontrast,LNGimportswereupyear-on-yearinthefirsthalfof2020andtheirshareofEuropeandemandfortheyearasawholewasbroadlyunchangedat21%.However,astowhetherthisprovidesaguidetothefuturebehaviourofRussianpipelineexportsislessclear.TheargumenthereissimilartothepointwejustdiscussedinthecontextofOPEC.Inresponsetoafallindemandthatisexpectedtoberelativelyshort-lived,itmaybeentirelyrationalforpipelineexporterstousetheirflexibilitytoreducesupplytemporarilytohelpstabilisethemarketandsupportprices.ButthepossibleresponsetoasustainedandgrowingcontractioningasimportsasEuropetransitionsawayfromfossilfuelscouldbeverydifferent,withastrongerincentiveforRussianpipelineexporterstocompetetobethelastproducerstanding.OneofthefactorsaffectingtheresponseofpipelineexporterslastyearwastheirperceptionofhowlowEuropeanpriceswouldneedtofalltoshut-inLNGexports.WhichtakesustothesecondaspectImentioned,EuropeasthebalancingmarketforLNGflows.Untillastyear,thisquestionoftheshut-inpriceforLNGexportswaslargelyhypothetical–shut-inshadneverreallyoccurredatscale.Thatallchangedlastyear.AsEuropeanLNGforwardpricesfellbelowtheseoperatingcosts,thistriggeredasignificantshut-inofUSLNGexports.AverageutilizationratesofUSLNGfacilitiesbegantofallinAprillastyear,reachingalowofaround30-35%attheheightofthesummer.USLNGexportsstillincreasedbyaround30%in2020helpedbythreenewLNGtrainscomingonstreamandseveralothersrampingup.Buthaditnotbeenforthecancellingofcargoes,thegrowthinUSexportswouldhavebeencloserto80%.ProgresssinceParis–howistheworlddoing?Finally,questionthree.Withthebuild-uptotheGlasgowCOPgatheringpace,Iwanttospendafewminutesputtinglastyear’sdevelopmentsintothebroadercontextofprogressmadesincetheParisCOPin2015.ThegoalsagreedatParisarewidelyseenasawatershedintermsofachievingglobalalignmentonambitionsforlimitingtemperaturerisesandallcountriesagreeingtomaketheircontributiontoachievingthoseaims.SoalmostsixyearsonfromParis,howistheworlddoing?Oneofthebiggestchangessince2015isthemarkedincreaseinfocusandambitionongettingtonetzero.AtthetimeoftheParisconvention,nomajorcountryhadmadeaformalcommitmenttoachievenetzero.ThataccoladewenttoSweden,whichinJune2017pledgedtoreachcarbonneutralityby2045.Fastforwardtotoday,and10countriestogetherwiththeEuropeanUnionhavepassednetzerotargetsintolawandafurther34countrieshaveeitherproposedlegislationoroutlinedformalpolicyintentionswiththesameintent.TheIEArecentlyestimatedthattogetherthesecommitmentsandintentionsaccountforaround70%ofglobalcarbonemissions2.Althoughstillearlydays,thereareencouragingsignsthatthecollectivejoltandhugecostsofCOVID-19mayhaveledtoreneweddeterminationtopreventanevenmoredamagingglobaltraumaintheformofclimatechange.Thatrisinglevelofambitionisalsoevidentatthecorporatelevel.Onlastcount,thenumberofcompanieswithstatedaimsorambitionstogettonetzerohadincreasedmorethansix-foldsince2019tomorethan3000companies.Thisriseincorporateambitionhascoincidedwithgrowingsocietalexpectationsforcompaniestobothincreasefurthertheirtransparencyaboutclimate-relatedrisksanddemonstratetheirstrategiesandactionsareconsistentwithParis.OnemanifestationofthosechangingsocietalexpectationsistheexplosioninESG-relatedinvestments.InflowsintoESG-relatedfundsJan19Apr19Jul19Oct19Jan19Apr19Jul19Oct19USLNG:operatingcostsandutilizationratesUSLNGutilizationrateUKNBPrepresentstheaverageofforwardprices2monthsahead†USexportersoperatingcoststoEurope=HenryHub1.15+LNGvoyagecosts(Platts)50%100%$/mmBtu864USexporters’operatingcosts(Europe)†UKNBPforward20100%2https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/20959e2e-7ab8-4f2a-b1c6-4e63387f03a1/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf(page33).8bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202133323029353420102012201120132014201520162017201820192020IEA’s2015WorldEnergyOutlookandcarbonemissions31GtCO2Forthepurposesofcomparison,actualcarbonemissionshavebeenrebasedtomatchthelevelofemissionsreportedfor2013intheInternationalEnergyAgency’s2015WorldEnergyOutlook.CurrentPoliciesScenarioNewPoliciesScenario450ScenarioActualcarbonemissionshaveincreasedfromlessthan$30billionin2015toover$330billionin2020–an11-foldincreaseinjustfiveyears.Theworldofinvestingseemstohavechangedforgood–inbothsensesoftheword.Althoughthesedevelopmentsarehugelyencouraging,theycomewithtwomajorcaveats.First,countries’pledgesstilldon’tgofarenough.Despitethesubstantialincreaseinnetzeroaimsandintentionsatnationalandregionallevels,theUNNDCSynthesisReport,publishedlastDecember,concludedthat‘thecurrentlevelsofclimateambitionarenotontracktomeetourParisAgreementgoals’3.Second,thereisamismatchbetweentheseambitionsandtheoutcomestheworldneedsandwantstosee.TheParisagreementwasmetwithhugehopeandoptimism,butthathasn’tyetbeenreflectedinamarkedimprovementintheactualemissionsdata.TheIEA’sWorldEnergyOutlook(WEO)publishedinNovember2015,justpriortotheParisCOP,containedthreescenariosforcarbonemissionsbasedondifferentassumptionsaboutthefuturesettingofglobalenergypolicies:acontinuationofcurrentpolicies(showninredinthechart);theimplementationofdeclaredpolicyintentions(ingreen);andasetofpoliciesconsistentwithlimitingglobaltemperatureincreasesto2˚C(inpurple).Untillastyear,carbonemissionshadcontinuedtheirunrelentingrise,broadlyinlinewiththepolicyintentionsthathadbeendeclaredpriortotheParismeeting.Importantly,therewasnosignofthedecisiveshiftenvisagedbythe‘lessthan2˚C’purplescenario.TheCOVID-inducedfallincarbonemissionslastyearputemissionsclosertothe2-degreepathway,butasdiscussedearlier,thereisagoodchancethatmuchofthatdipprovestransitory.Hopeandambitionneedtobetranslatedintotangible,concretedifferences.EnergyaccessAlthoughmuchoftheattentionoftheParisAgreementisontheresponsetoclimatechange,theAgreementstipulatesthatthisresponseshouldbein‘thecontextofsustainabledevelopmentandeffortstoeradicatepoverty’4.TheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoalsfor2030(UNSDGs),whichwereadoptedaroundthesametimeastheParisCOP,provideanaturalbenchmarkformonitoringprogressonthisaspectoftheParisAgreement.Thereareseveralstronginter-connectionsbetweenthesegoalsandtheenergysystem,includingonconservationandbiodiversity,bothonland(SDG15)andinouroceans(SDG14).ButperhapstheclosesttohomeisSDG7:‘ensureaccesstoaffordable,reliable,sustainableandmodernenergyforall’.Thegoodnewsisthattherehavebeensignificantimprovementsinenergyaccessoverthepastsixyears.Thenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstoelectricityhasfallenfromcloseto1billionin2015,toalittleover750millionby2019–around10%oftheworld’spopulation,downfrom15%in2015.Encouragingprogress.However,justaswithemissions,theprogresscomeswithcaveats.Theimprovementshavebeenuneven,withthree-quartersoftheglobalpopulationwithoutaccesstoelectricitysituatedinsub-SaharanAfrica.Moreover,theimpactofCOVID-19hasreversedsomeofthatprogress.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthepandemichasmadebasicelectricityservicesunaffordablefor30millionmorepeople,thefirsttimethenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstoelectricityhasincreasedforsixyears.Andaccesstocleancookingfacilities–theotherfocusofSDG7–lagsfarbehindwitharound2.6billionpeopleestimatednottohaveaccess.Moreover,theconceptof‘energyaccess’issomewhatnebulous.TheUNdefinesaccesstoelectricityintermsofaminimumlevelofresidentialconsumption.Butthelevelofenergyneededtosupportstrong,sustainableeconomicgrowthislikelytofarexceedthat.Energyisvitalforproductiveusesaswellashouseholdconsumption.Forexample,theEnergyforGrowthHubproposeaModernEnergyMinimumof1000kWhperpersonperyear,whichtheyargueisconsistentwithcountriesreachingalower-middleincomestatus5.ThisisaroundfourtimesgreaterthantheUNdefinition.Importantly,theEnergyforGrowthHubestimatesthatmorethan3.5billionpeople–closetohalftheworld’spopulation–arelivingbelowtheModernEnergyMinimum.Halftheworld’spopulation–itmakesyouthink.RenewablesArguably,thesinglemostimportantelementoftheenergysystemneededtoaddressbothaspectsoftheParisAgreement–respondtothethreatofclimatechangeandsupportsustainablegrowth–istheneedforrapidgrowthinrenewableenergy.Iampleasedtosaythattheprogressonrenewableenergyoverthepastfiveorsixyearshasbeenaperfectexampleofthattangible,concreteprogressImentioned.Ifwestartwithwhathappenedlastyear,focusingonwindandsolarenergywhichiswheremostoftheactionis.DespitethehugedisruptionsassociatedwiththeglobalpandemicandthecollapseinGDP,windandsolarcapacityincreasedbyacolossal238GWin2020–50%largerthanatanytimeinhistory.ThemaindriverwasChina,whichaccountedforroughlyhalfoftheglobalincreaseinwindandsolarcapacity.TheexpansioninChinesewindcapacity(72GW)isparticularlystrikingandit’slikelythatsomeofthereportedincreasereflectsvariouschangestoChinesesubsidyandaccountingpractices.Butevencontrollingforthat,itseemsclearthat2020wasarecordyearforthebuild-outofwindandsolarcapacity.Viewedoveraslightlylongerperiod,windandsolarcapacitymorethandoubledbetween2015and2020,increasingbyaround800GW,whichequatestoanaverageannualincreaseof18%.Toputthatincontext,inbp’sRapidandNetZeroscenarios,windandsolarcapacityincreaseatanaverageannualrateofaround14%and18%respectivelyoverthenext10years.So,thecurrentpaceofgrowthisbroadlyontrackwiththosescenarios.3AdditionaltargetshavebeenannouncedsinceDecemberandtheUNwillpublishanupdatedreportpriortoCOP26.4https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf5https://www.energyforgrowth.org/projects/modern-energy-minimum/238GWincreaseinwindandsolarcapacity,50%largerthananyincreaseinhistory9bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021AcknowledgementsWewouldliketoexpressoursinceregratitudetothemanycontactsworldwidewhoprovidethepubliclyavailabledataforthispublication,andtotheresearchersattheCentreforEnergyEconomicsResearchandPolicy,Heriot-WattUniversitywhoassistinthedatacompilation.IndetailCarbondioxideemissionsnowincludeCO2emissionsfromnaturalgasflaring.Windandsolarcapacitydatahavebeenincludedinthebookforthefirsttime.Additionalinformation–includinghistoricaltimeseriesforthefuelsreportedinthereview;additionalcountryandregionalcoverageforfuelsconsumption;furtherdetailsonrenewableformsofenergy–togetherwiththefullversionofSpencerDale’spresentationisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.Thechallengeistomaintaintherecentpaceofgrowthastheoverallsizeofrenewableenergyexpands.Inthatcontext,whathasunderpinnedthestronggrowthoverthepastfiveyears?Alongwithmanyotherforecasters,wemateriallyunderestimatedthegrowthofwindandsolarpoweroverthepastfiveyears.Akeyfactorunderpinningthisunder-estimationisthatcostsofrenewableenergyhavefallenbyfarmorethanprojectedinbp’s2016EnergyOutlook.Thecostsofonshorewindandsolarpowerhavefallenbyaround40%and55%respectivelyoverthepastfiveyears6.Farmorethanthe15%and20%assumedinthe2016Outlook.Althoughit’sagrosssimplification,costreductionsforrenewablesareoftensummarisedintermsofa‘learning-by-doing’framework.Asever-increasingamountsofrenewablecapacityareproducedandinstalled,thesupplychainlearnshowtobecomemoreandmoreefficient,drivingcostsprogressivelylower.Viewedinthisway,renewablecostscanfallbymorethanexpected,eitherbecausethebuild-outofrenewablesisgreater–henceallowingfor‘morelearning’–orbecausecostsfallbymoreforagivenlevelofbuildout–‘fasterlearning’.Ouranalysisshowsthatthebiggestfactoraccountingforthelarger-than-expectedfallsinrenewablescostsis‘fasterlearning’–whichexplainsaroundthree-quartersoftheerroronwindcostsandtwo-thirdsforsolarcosts.Interestingly,themajorityofthe‘morelearning’contributionsforbothwindandsolaroverthepastfiveyearsstemfromChina,asrenewableshavegainedsharefromcoalmorequicklythanexpected.Thistransitionhasgonehand-in-handwithamassivescalingupofChina’srenewablemanufacturingcapacity,whichhashelpedreducethecostofwindandsolarpoweraroundtheworld.So,anupbeatmessageonrenewables.Butit’simportanttorememberthatthispaceofprogressonrenewableenergyneedstobematchedbythemanyotherdimensionsoftheenergytransition:energyefficiency;thegrowthofnewenergyvectors,suchashydrogen,tohelpdecarbonizehard-to-abatesectors;andthebuild-outofcarboncapture,useandstorage(CCUS).Continuedrapidgrowthinrenewableenergyisnecessarytogettonetzero,butit’snotsufficient.Conclusion70thbirthdaysareimportantmilestones,providinganopportunitytoreflectontheeventsthathaveshapedyourlife.Therehavecertainlybeenmany,manychangesinglobalenergymarketssincetheStatisticalReviewwasfirstconceivedin1952.Butasmymother-in-lawsaidtomerecently,evenat70youcanstillbesurprised.AndfortheStatisticalReview–likesomanyofus–2020willgodownasoneofthemostsurprisingandmostdramaticyearsinitslife,withthelargestdeclinesinenergydemandandcarbonemissionsseeninmodernpeacetime.Buttheimportanceofthepast70yearspalesintoinsignificanceasweconsiderthechallengesfacingtheenergysystemoverthenext10,20,30yearsastheworldstrivestogettonetzero.Will2020beseenasaturningpointwhentheshockofCOVID-19finallycausedtheworldtotakedecisiveactiontomitigatethethreatofclimatechange?Willthegoodintentionsandincreasedambitionsofthepastfewyearsbetranslatedintoasharpandsustainedfallinemissions?Willrenewableenergybeabletomaintaintherapidratesofgrowthseenoverthepastfiveyears?Andhowimportantwilltheprivatesector–intheformofgreenandgreeningcompanies,promptedandsupportedbygrowingsocietalexpectations–beintheeventualsuccessorotherwiseoftheenergytransition?If70thbirthdaysareimportant,100-yearanniversariesarereallyspecial.Whateventswillthe100-year-oldStatisticalReviewreportasitanalysesenergydevelopmentsin2050?SpencerDaleChiefeconomistJuly202120406080RestofworldChinaAnnualchange,GWAnnualchange,GW201020122014201620182020140100120WindandsolarpowercapacityWindcapacitySolarcapacity20102012201420162018202002040608014010012006CostsbasedonLCOE(levelizedcostofelectricity)averagedacrossthreemajordemandcentres(US,ChinaandEurope).10bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021PrimaryenergyConsumptionExajoules20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada13.2713.7813.8114.1414.1914.2614.1114.2414.4414.4513.63-5.9%1.0%2.4%Mexico7.317.667.717.747.707.697.797.907.847.556.48-14.5%0.6%1.2%US92.9192.0589.6292.0492.9992.0991.9692.2695.6494.9087.79-7.7%0.5%15.8%TotalNorthAmerica113.50113.49111.14113.92114.88114.04113.85114.40117.92116.90107.90-8.0%0.6%19.4%Argentina3.233.343.463.593.593.663.633.643.593.383.15-7.1%0.8%0.6%Brazil10.9511.4611.6712.1012.3812.2011.8912.0412.1212.4212.01-3.6%2.2%2.2%Chile1.331.441.481.491.461.501.571.581.641.681.61-4.9%2.4%0.3%Colombia1.441.481.591.601.681.701.781.821.851.911.77-7.7%3.4%0.3%Ecuador0.550.590.620.640.670.670.660.690.730.740.65-13.6%4.1%0.1%Peru0.810.900.930.940.971.021.091.111.171.191.00-16.1%5.2%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago0.840.830.810.830.820.800.710.750.710.710.62-12.5%-0.9%0.1%Venezuela3.363.443.613.653.473.432.992.932.471.951.44-26.3%-5.6%0.3%OtherS.&Cent.America3.673.793.843.843.844.014.214.204.294.353.95-9.3%1.9%0.7%TotalS.&Cent.America26.1927.2727.9928.7028.8928.9728.5328.7528.5828.3326.19-7.8%1.3%4.7%Austria1.481.381.451.441.381.381.431.461.431.501.38-7.9%0.5%0.2%Belgium2.762.582.472.542.362.392.582.612.592.672.19-18.1%0.3%0.4%CzechRepublic1.841.791.781.751.711.681.651.721.721.701.54-9.7%-0.4%0.3%Finland1.301.221.181.191.151.141.161.131.161.131.10-2.8%-0.6%0.2%France10.6510.2410.2310.339.899.959.799.729.889.678.70-10.3%-0.7%1.6%Germany13.7013.2013.3713.7413.1613.4013.6213.7813.4413.0512.11-7.5%-0.1%2.2%Greece1.341.311.231.161.091.101.081.131.131.191.00-16.4%-1.6%0.2%Hungary0.990.960.900.850.850.900.910.960.970.980.97-1.5%0.1%0.2%Italy7.277.136.926.606.246.426.456.526.576.455.86-9.3%-0.9%1.1%Netherlands4.103.923.793.683.473.523.593.533.533.513.37-4.2%-1.0%0.6%Norway1.731.751.941.821.871.891.911.921.901.781.938.2%-0.1%0.3%Poland4.184.204.074.093.933.974.154.314.374.244.01-5.5%0.8%0.7%Portugal1.081.030.941.031.051.031.101.071.081.030.93-9.8%◆0.2%Romania1.421.461.401.311.351.361.361.381.411.381.33-3.5%-0.3%0.2%Spain6.085.975.935.625.515.595.645.725.795.604.97-11.4%-0.6%0.9%Sweden2.162.132.262.122.112.172.142.212.162.242.20-2.2%1.0%0.4%Switzerland1.231.171.231.261.211.181.111.111.131.181.08-8.6%-0.7%0.2%Turkey4.504.815.115.075.235.726.016.376.296.516.29-3.6%4.3%1.1%Ukraine5.105.275.174.894.333.593.753.493.623.423.31-3.3%-3.3%0.6%UnitedKingdom8.928.438.538.487.998.087.997.967.957.736.89-11.0%-1.2%1.2%OtherEurope6.706.556.266.326.116.256.406.526.636.535.97-8.8%0.1%1.1%TotalEurope88.5386.5086.1885.2982.0182.7283.8184.6484.7483.4677.15-7.8%-0.2%13.9%Azerbaijan0.470.520.540.550.560.620.610.600.620.650.62-4.3%3.2%0.1%Belarus1.091.081.171.031.070.970.960.981.071.050.98-7.0%0.3%0.2%Kazakhstan2.242.532.662.672.732.742.732.943.243.153.11-1.7%4.2%0.6%RussianFederation27.9928.9228.9828.6528.7228.2328.8229.0030.1129.9028.31-5.5%1.1%5.1%Turkmenistan0.901.001.090.971.001.201.191.171.311.431.40-1.9%5.5%0.3%Uzbekistan1.881.951.931.962.021.931.851.851.921.921.87-2.8%0.2%0.3%OtherCIS0.670.710.740.710.730.720.730.760.830.800.821.5%2.1%0.1%TotalCIS35.2336.7137.1036.5336.8236.4136.8837.3039.0838.9037.12-4.8%1.4%6.7%Iran8.729.119.219.559.989.9310.4010.7911.4211.9712.030.2%3.4%2.2%Iraq1.451.541.631.761.691.681.931.912.002.202.06-6.3%4.9%0.4%Israel0.991.021.060.980.971.021.041.091.091.131.05-7.4%1.9%0.2%Kuwait1.411.451.511.551.571.611.621.651.651.671.51-9.9%3.1%0.3%Oman0.870.941.031.151.141.211.211.301.371.391.37-1.8%6.7%0.2%Qatar1.201.401.601.731.872.132.082.021.781.931.71-11.3%6.4%0.3%SaudiArabia8.749.189.749.7810.4910.8210.9610.9310.6510.6810.56-1.4%3.1%1.9%UnitedArabEmirates3.503.673.874.084.044.464.644.654.594.554.19-8.2%3.2%0.8%OtherMiddleEast2.462.322.202.112.081.951.941.961.921.991.96-1.8%-2.0%0.4%TotalMiddleEast29.3330.6331.8432.6833.8334.8235.8236.3036.4737.5136.44-3.1%3.1%6.5%Algeria1.581.671.831.932.112.222.222.252.422.502.30-8.4%4.5%0.4%Egypt3.243.303.473.453.443.523.693.803.853.863.65-5.8%2.3%0.7%Morocco0.700.730.750.770.780.790.800.840.860.940.88-7.1%4.1%0.2%SouthAfrica5.265.205.125.145.205.095.335.305.105.214.90-6.1%◆0.9%OtherAfrica5.215.145.485.826.226.476.556.857.277.366.86-7.0%4.1%1.2%TotalAfrica15.9916.0416.6417.1017.7518.0918.5919.0319.5019.8718.58-6.7%2.5%3.3%Australia5.335.485.425.495.545.675.705.675.705.885.57-5.5%0.9%1.0%Bangladesh0.900.981.051.081.121.311.331.381.471.641.59-3.2%6.4%0.3%China104.29112.54117.05121.38124.82126.53128.63132.80137.58142.03145.462.1%3.8%26.1%ChinaHongKongSAR1.161.191.141.171.141.181.211.291.301.240.93-25.3%1.1%0.2%India22.4823.8025.0426.0227.7928.6829.9531.1433.1433.8931.98-5.9%4.7%5.7%Indonesia6.406.887.327.567.027.097.177.478.078.657.63-12.0%4.0%1.4%Japan21.1120.0219.8919.7319.2218.9218.7018.9118.8018.3717.03-7.5%-0.8%3.1%Malaysia3.353.473.733.903.944.004.214.274.334.434.11-7.4%3.1%0.7%NewZealand0.830.830.840.840.880.890.890.910.910.930.84-9.9%1.4%0.2%Pakistan2.652.652.472.692.772.923.183.373.483.513.47-1.4%2.9%0.6%Philippines1.221.241.281.381.451.591.731.901.962.021.82-9.7%5.5%0.3%Singapore2.872.993.003.063.153.353.483.593.613.533.42-3.4%2.8%0.6%SouthKorea10.8211.3311.4411.4711.5711.7512.0312.2712.4312.2511.79-4.0%2.1%2.1%SriLanka0.240.250.250.250.270.290.310.330.350.360.33-8.8%4.9%0.1%Taiwan4.774.734.704.804.904.904.904.934.994.904.82-2.0%1.0%0.9%Thailand4.394.564.874.955.095.215.325.415.535.515.12-7.4%2.9%0.9%Vietnam1.872.132.242.352.572.863.093.313.734.174.09-2.1%9.7%0.7%OtherAsiaPacific1.941.932.021.972.132.222.412.462.503.233.250.1%6.3%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific196.60206.99213.73220.09225.38229.36234.24241.41249.85256.54253.25-1.6%3.3%45.5%TotalWorld505.38517.64524.61534.32539.56544.41551.74561.82576.13581.51556.63-4.5%1.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD234.19231.74229.51231.63229.65230.25231.16233.28236.85234.48217.11-7.7%0.4%39.0%Non-OECD271.19285.90295.10302.69309.91314.16320.58328.54339.28347.04339.52-2.4%3.1%61.0%EuropeanUnion65.0763.1262.3661.8259.5960.3561.0361.8061.7960.7455.74-8.5%-0.3%10.0%Inthisreview,primaryenergycomprisescommerciallytradedfuels,includingmodernrenewablesusedtogenerateelectricity.Energyfromallsourcesofnon-fossilpowergenerationisaccountedforonaninput-equivalentbasis.Seetheappendixorbp.com/statisticalreviewformoredetailsonthismethodology.◆Lessthan0.05%.Note:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.11bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Primaryenergy:Consumptionbyfuel20192020ExajoulesOilNaturalgasCoalNuclearenergyHydro-electricityRenew-ablesTotalOilNaturalgasCoalNuclearenergyHydro-electricityRenew-ablesTotalCanada4.784.240.630.903.380.5114.454.264.050.500.873.420.5413.63Mexico3.243.170.540.100.210.307.552.463.110.210.100.240.366.48US37.1330.5711.347.602.545.7194.9032.5429.959.207.392.566.1587.79TotalNorthAmerica45.1537.9812.528.596.146.52116.9039.2737.119.918.356.227.04107.90Argentina1.151.680.030.080.330.123.381.031.580.030.090.270.133.15Brazil4.811.290.650.143.551.9912.424.611.160.580.143.522.0112.01Chile0.760.230.31–0.190.181.680.690.220.30–0.180.211.61Colombia0.680.480.20–0.480.061.910.550.500.27–0.390.051.77Ecuador0.490.02––0.220.010.740.400.02––0.220.010.65Peru0.540.300.03–0.280.041.190.400.250.02–0.270.051.00Trinidad&Tobago0.080.63–––†0.710.080.54–––†0.62Venezuela0.590.92†–0.43†1.950.480.68†–0.28†1.44OtherS.&Cent.America2.740.330.23–0.760.294.352.370.290.28–0.720.293.95TotalS.&Cent.America11.845.881.450.226.252.6928.3310.625.241.480.235.872.7526.19Austria0.550.320.12–0.360.151.500.480.310.09–0.360.141.38Belgium1.330.630.130.39†0.192.670.930.610.110.31†0.232.19CzechRepublic0.420.300.600.270.020.091.700.370.300.490.270.020.091.54Finland0.390.070.150.220.110.191.130.350.070.130.210.140.191.10France3.141.570.273.560.500.639.672.681.460.193.140.540.688.70Germany4.663.192.250.670.182.1013.054.213.121.840.570.172.2112.11Greece0.640.190.22–0.040.121.190.510.210.11–0.030.141.00Hungary0.350.350.080.15†0.050.980.330.370.070.14†0.060.97Italy2.552.550.28–0.410.656.452.132.440.21–0.410.675.86Netherlands1.641.330.270.03†0.233.511.511.320.180.04†0.333.37Norway0.390.160.03–1.120.071.780.370.160.03–1.250.111.93Poland1.360.751.86–0.020.254.241.280.781.67–0.020.274.01Portugal0.500.220.05–0.080.181.030.410.220.02–0.110.170.93Romania0.450.390.210.100.140.101.380.440.410.150.100.130.101.33Spain2.701.300.160.520.200.735.602.211.170.070.520.240.774.97Sweden0.590.040.080.590.580.362.240.550.040.070.480.650.412.20Switzerland0.440.12†0.230.340.041.180.370.12†0.200.330.051.08Turkey2.011.561.76–0.790.396.511.821.671.66–0.690.456.29Ukraine0.481.021.080.740.060.053.420.451.060.980.680.060.093.31UnitedKingdom3.082.780.220.500.051.097.732.392.610.190.450.061.206.89OtherEurope2.591.081.340.340.600.586.532.281.071.100.340.590.605.97TotalEurope30.2719.9311.138.295.608.2483.4626.0719.489.407.445.828.9477.15Azerbaijan0.210.42†–0.01†0.650.180.43†–0.01†0.62Belarus0.300.690.06–††1.050.280.640.06–††0.98Kazakhstan0.760.631.66–0.090.013.150.750.601.64–0.090.033.11RussianFederation6.7216.003.571.861.730.0229.906.3914.813.271.921.890.0428.31Turkmenistan0.291.14––††1.430.281.13––††1.40Uzbekistan0.191.600.08–0.06†1.920.161.550.10–0.06†1.87OtherCIS0.180.200.090.020.32†0.800.160.220.110.020.31†0.82TotalCIS8.6420.675.451.882.210.0438.908.1919.385.171.942.360.0837.12Iran3.538.040.070.060.260.0111.973.318.390.070.060.190.0112.03Iraq1.470.70––0.02†2.201.290.75––0.02†2.06Israel0.500.390.21––0.031.130.420.410.17––0.051.05Kuwait0.830.830.01––†1.670.760.74†––†1.51Oman0.480.900.01––†1.390.420.930.01––†1.37Qatar0.601.32–––†1.930.451.26–––†1.71SaudiArabia6.674.00†––0.0110.686.514.04†––0.0110.56UnitedArabEmirates1.862.570.08––0.044.551.512.510.110.01–0.054.19OtherMiddleEast1.090.840.01–0.020.031.991.030.860.01–0.020.041.96TotalMiddleEast17.0319.600.400.060.300.1237.5115.7119.880.380.070.230.1736.44Algeria0.851.630.02–†0.012.500.721.550.02–†0.012.30Egypt1.482.120.08–0.120.063.861.332.080.03–0.120.093.65Morocco0.560.040.28–0.010.060.940.500.030.28–0.010.060.88SouthAfrica1.170.153.640.120.010.115.211.020.153.480.14†0.114.90OtherAfrica4.211.660.30–1.080.117.363.621.700.30–1.130.116.86TotalAfrica8.285.594.320.121.220.3419.877.195.514.110.141.270.3818.58Australia2.111.521.75–0.130.375.881.831.471.69–0.130.455.57Bangladesh0.381.110.14–0.01†1.640.331.100.15–0.01†1.59China27.9411.1081.793.1111.346.75142.0328.5011.9082.273.2511.747.79145.46ChinaHongKongSAR0.870.110.26––†1.240.610.180.14––†0.93India9.992.1318.600.401.441.3333.899.022.1517.540.401.451.4331.98Indonesia3.161.583.41–0.150.358.652.341.503.26–0.170.377.63Japan7.323.894.910.590.661.0118.376.493.764.570.380.691.1317.03Malaysia1.591.610.95–0.230.044.431.381.371.14–0.180.044.11NewZealand0.360.180.06–0.230.100.930.300.160.06–0.220.100.84Pakistan0.901.600.560.080.320.053.510.881.480.620.080.360.043.47Philippines0.910.150.73–0.070.152.020.750.140.73–0.060.151.82Singapore3.050.450.02––0.013.532.930.450.02––0.013.42SouthKorea5.162.023.441.300.020.3012.254.902.043.031.420.030.3611.79SriLanka0.25–0.06–0.040.010.360.21–0.07–0.040.010.33Taiwan1.980.841.670.290.050.074.901.890.901.630.280.030.094.82Thailand2.621.830.71–0.060.285.512.391.690.73–0.040.285.12Vietnam1.100.352.07–0.600.044.170.980.312.10–0.610.084.09OtherAsiaPacific0.960.411.23–0.610.013.230.940.421.23–0.640.023.25TotalAsiaPacific70.6730.89122.375.7715.9710.87256.5466.6831.02120.975.8216.4112.36253.25TotalWorld191.89140.54157.6424.9337.6928.82581.51173.73137.62151.4223.9838.1631.71556.63ofwhich:OECD90.1664.8032.3017.7812.8716.56234.4878.5263.2827.4616.6713.1418.04217.11Non-OECD101.7375.74125.347.1524.8112.26347.0495.2174.34123.967.3125.0213.67339.52EuropeanUnion23.1714.087.326.822.836.5160.7420.0313.685.916.113.046.9755.74Inthisreview,primaryenergycomprisescommerciallytradedfuels,includingmodernrenewablesusedtogenerateelectricity.Energyfromallsourcesofnon-fossilpowergenerationisaccountedforonaninput-equivalentbasis.Seetheappendixorbp.com/statisticalreviewformoredetailsonthismethodology.†Lessthan0.005.12bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021OilremainsthedominantfuelinAfrica,EuropeandtheAmericas,whilenaturalgasdominatesinCISandtheMiddleEast,accountingformorethanhalfoftheenergymixinbothregions.CoalisthedominantfuelintheAsiaPacificregion.In2020coal’sshareofprimaryenergyfelltoitslowestlevelinourdataseriesinNorthAmericaandEuropeto12%and9%,respectively.Oilcontinuestoholdthelargestshareoftheenergymix(31.2%).Coalisthesecondlargestfuelin2020,accountingfor27.2%oftotalprimaryenergyconsumption,aslightincreasefrom27.1%inthepreviousyear.Theshareofbothnaturalgasandrenewablesrosetorecordhighsof24.7%and5.7%respectively.Renewableshasnowovertakennuclearwhichmakesuponly4.3%oftheenergymix.Hydro’sshareofenergyincreasedby0.4percentagepointslastyearto6.9%,thefirstincreasesince2014.Primaryenergyconsumptiondecreasedby4.5%lastyear,thefirstdeclineinenergyconsumptionsince2009.Thedeclinewasdrivenlargelybyoil(-9.7%),whichaccountedforalmostthreequartersofthedecrease.Consumptionforallfuelsdecreased,apartfromrenewables(+9.7%)andhydro(+1.0%).Consumptionfellacrossalltheregions,withthelargestdeclinesinNorthAmerica(-8.0%)andEurope(-7.8%).ThelowestdecreasewasinAsia-Pacific(-1.6%)duetothegrowthinChina(+2.1%),theonlymajorcountrywhereenergyconsumptionincreasedin2020.Intheotherregions,thedeclineinconsumptionrangedbetween-7.8%inSouthandCentralAmericato-3.1%intheMiddleEast.WorldconsumptionExajoules600500400300200100RenewablesNuclearenergyCoalNaturalgasOilHydroelectricity9505001510200Regionalconsumptionpattern2020PercentageAsiaPacificAfricaMiddleEastEuropeCISS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmerica0100806040107050309020HydroelectricityNuclearenergyRenewablesOilCoalNaturalgas50102030401510200500950SharesofglobalprimaryenergyPercentage13bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Primaryenergy:ConsumptionpercapitaGigajoulespercapita20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020Growthrateperannum20202009-19Canada388.8398.9395.5400.7398.0395.9387.7387.8389.4386.3361.1-6.8%-0.1%Mexico64.166.265.765.164.063.163.163.362.159.250.2-15.4%-0.6%US300.7295.4285.4290.9291.8287.0284.7283.8292.4288.4265.2-8.3%-0.2%TotalNorthAmerica248.2245.7238.4242.1242.0238.2235.9235.1240.5236.6216.8-8.6%-0.3%Argentina79.180.782.985.284.284.983.582.980.975.569.7-8.0%-0.2%Brazil56.058.058.560.261.159.757.757.957.858.956.5-4.3%1.4%Chile77.983.884.984.982.483.286.285.587.888.984.1-5.7%1.3%Colombia31.832.534.534.435.835.737.137.137.337.934.7-8.6%2.2%Ecuador36.838.439.940.642.041.240.340.942.542.836.6-14.9%2.4%Peru28.030.731.431.732.233.335.135.436.736.530.2-17.3%4.0%Trinidad&Tobago633.9618.8605.3612.4605.4584.0515.4544.4513.1509.5445.7-12.8%-1.5%Venezuela118.2119.1122.8122.7115.7114.1100.299.585.668.450.7-26.0%-5.8%OtherS.&Cent.America35.135.835.835.435.036.137.637.037.537.633.8-10.3%0.8%TotalS.&Cent.America54.956.557.458.358.157.756.356.255.454.449.9-8.6%0.4%Austria175.7163.7170.7168.5160.4159.5163.5166.0160.8167.2153.6-8.4%-0.2%Belgium252.6234.2223.0227.6210.2211.9227.1228.2225.3231.2189.0-18.4%-0.3%CzechRepublic174.3169.8168.5165.0161.3158.0155.6162.0161.2158.9143.6-9.9%-0.6%Finland242.8225.8218.5218.8210.1207.9210.9205.7209.5203.4197.9-3.0%-1.0%France169.4161.9161.0161.7154.1154.4151.3149.8152.1148.5133.3-10.5%-1.1%Germany169.6163.3165.1169.3161.6163.8165.7166.7161.6156.3144.6-7.8%-0.4%Greece123.1121.2114.5107.8101.8103.3101.7107.1107.6113.996.0-16.0%-1.2%Hungary99.897.290.986.586.691.593.898.799.6101.2100.2-1.2%0.3%Italy122.6119.6115.6109.7103.3106.0106.3107.5108.4106.597.0-9.2%-1.1%Netherlands245.5234.4225.9218.5205.7208.0211.3207.5206.8205.4196.8-4.5%-1.2%Norway354.0354.3386.3358.0363.9364.4364.5362.9356.2330.6356.07.4%-1.2%Poland109.1109.8106.6107.1103.3104.5109.3113.7115.1111.8106.0-5.4%0.9%Portugal101.797.389.398.1100.699.2106.3103.8105.8100.991.5-9.6%0.4%Romania69.471.769.464.867.568.268.670.472.271.169.2-2.9%0.4%Spain129.5126.8126.1119.7117.9119.8121.0122.5124.0119.7106.3-11.4%-0.6%Sweden229.8225.2236.6220.3217.5222.6217.3222.8216.6223.4217.8-2.8%0.2%Switzerland157.4147.6153.8155.9146.8142.0132.3131.4132.3136.9124.5-9.3%-1.8%Turkey62.265.568.466.767.772.975.378.676.478.074.6-4.6%2.7%Ukraine111.3115.6113.7108.095.979.983.978.581.877.775.8-2.8%-2.8%UnitedKingdom140.5131.6132.1130.5122.1122.7120.5119.3118.4114.4101.6-11.5%-1.9%OtherEurope106.7104.5100.1101.398.2100.6103.3105.4107.3105.896.8-8.7%0.3%TotalEurope134.4130.9129.9128.2122.8123.5124.7125.5125.3123.1113.6-8.0%-0.6%Azerbaijan51.957.058.058.859.264.062.660.761.964.561.3-5.2%1.9%Belarus115.6115.1124.3109.5113.1102.7102.1104.0113.2111.5103.9-7.0%0.2%Kazakhstan137.5153.6158.7157.1157.6156.1152.9162.6176.8169.8165.4-2.8%2.7%RussianFederation195.1201.2201.3198.5198.5194.7198.4199.3206.6204.9194.0-5.6%0.9%Turkmenistan176.6192.7206.4180.0183.1215.3209.5203.9223.4240.1232.7-3.3%3.7%Uzbekistan66.067.465.465.466.462.458.757.959.058.256.0-4.2%-1.4%OtherCIS33.435.336.234.034.433.733.534.336.935.335.40.1%0.6%TotalCIS152.1157.5158.1154.7154.8152.0153.0153.7160.0158.4150.4-5.3%0.8%Iran118.2122.1121.9124.8128.9126.5130.8133.8139.6144.4143.2-1.1%2.1%Iraq48.850.051.253.149.047.352.850.852.055.951.3-8.4%1.7%Israel135.0135.6139.3127.3123.2128.0128.1131.7129.9132.5121.0-8.9%0.2%Kuwait472.6458.7451.1438.6425.9420.9408.3406.1398.4396.6352.9-11.3%-1.0%Oman284.9289.8293.5304.9283.8283.1270.2278.7283.9279.5268.2-4.3%1.0%Qatar646.7686.1726.4740.3759.6829.6783.2740.8639.7679.7594.2-12.8%0.9%SaudiArabia318.6324.9334.0325.5339.4341.1337.7330.2315.9311.7303.3-2.9%0.5%UnitedArabEmirates409.2410.7423.2443.9438.2481.9495.9490.6476.7466.0423.7-9.3%1.0%OtherMiddleEast39.636.734.332.531.829.529.029.028.028.627.6-3.7%-3.4%TotalMiddleEast135.3138.2140.6141.4143.6145.2146.7146.2144.5146.2139.6-4.7%1.2%Algeria43.945.648.950.754.256.054.854.257.258.152.4-10.1%2.4%Egypt39.239.140.239.038.138.039.139.439.238.535.6-7.6%0.1%Morocco21.622.422.422.722.722.822.723.524.025.923.8-8.2%2.8%SouthAfrica102.799.996.995.795.391.994.892.988.288.982.7-7.3%-1.5%OtherAfrica6.26.06.26.46.76.76.66.87.06.96.2-9.4%1.3%TotalAfrica15.415.015.215.215.415.315.315.315.315.213.9-9.0%-0.1%Australia240.5243.3236.5235.9234.8237.0234.8230.5228.8233.2218.4-6.6%-0.6%Bangladesh6.16.66.97.17.38.48.48.69.110.19.7-4.1%5.2%China76.281.884.687.289.289.991.093.596.499.1101.11.7%3.3%ChinaHongKongSAR166.0169.2161.7165.1160.2163.5166.5177.0176.6166.9123.9-25.9%0.4%India18.219.019.820.321.421.922.623.324.524.823.2-6.8%3.5%Indonesia26.528.129.530.027.527.427.428.230.132.027.9-13.0%2.7%Japan164.2155.8154.9153.7149.9147.9146.4148.3147.8144.8134.7-7.3%-0.6%Malaysia118.8121.1128.3132.5131.9132.0137.1137.2137.3138.7127.1-8.6%1.7%NewZealand188.9187.9187.1186.2192.6192.3191.7193.2191.1194.4174.3-10.6%0.4%Pakistan14.814.413.214.014.214.615.616.216.416.215.7-3.4%0.8%Philippines13.013.013.213.914.415.516.718.118.318.616.7-10.9%3.8%Singapore559.5567.1558.3561.8570.5599.5615.3628.8626.3607.8583.9-4.2%1.2%SouthKorea218.3227.5228.5227.8228.6231.2235.9240.1242.9239.1229.9-4.1%1.7%SriLanka11.712.212.212.313.013.914.715.516.316.815.3-9.2%4.3%Taiwan205.5203.1201.3204.7208.7208.0207.6208.0210.4206.2202.3-2.1%0.7%Thailand65.367.571.872.774.375.877.178.279.679.273.3-7.6%2.5%Vietnam21.324.024.925.928.130.933.035.039.043.242.0-3.0%8.6%OtherAsiaPacific11.611.311.711.312.012.413.313.413.417.117.0-1.2%4.9%TotalAsiaPacific50.752.954.055.155.956.457.158.359.860.959.6-2.3%2.4%TotalWorld72.673.573.674.173.973.873.974.475.575.471.4-5.5%0.7%ofwhich:OECD182.1179.0176.1176.6174.0173.4173.1173.6175.3172.7159.1-8.1%-0.2%Non-OECD47.849.750.751.351.851.952.352.954.054.652.8-3.6%1.8%EuropeanUnion148.1143.4141.4140.0134.8136.3137.7139.2139.0136.5125.2-8.5%-0.5%Inthisreview,primaryenergycomprisescommerciallytradedfuels,includingmodernrenewablesusedtogenerateelectricity.Energyfromallsourcesofnon-fossilpowergenerationisaccountedforonaninput-equivalentbasis.Seetheappendixorbp.com/statisticalreviewformoredetailsonthismethodology.Note:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.14bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Averageglobalenergyconsumptionpercapitadecreasedby5.5%in2020to71.4GJ/head,drivenbydeclinesinNorthAmerica(-8.6%)andEurope(-8%).Energydemandperheadfellinallotherregions.NorthAmericaistheregionwiththehighestconsumptionpercapita(217GJ/head),followedbyCIS(150GJ/head)andtheMiddleEast(140GJ/head).Africaremainstheregionwiththelowestaverageconsumption(14GJ/head).In202063.7%oftheglobalpopulationlivedincountrieswhereaverageenergydemandpercapitawaslessthan100GJ/head,asignificantdecreasefrom81%in2019,asenergydemandpercapitainChinaincreasedto101GJ/headfrom99GJ/headin2019.Theshareoftheglobalpopulationconsuminglessthan75GJ/headincreasedfrom57%in2019to60.6%lastyear.EnergypercapitabyregionGigajoulesperheadS.&Cent.AmericaAfricaNorthAmericaMiddleEastCISWorldEuropeAsiaPacific11121314151617181910200907080506879392919089889899000103029796959404300250200501001500202020001980250Energypercapita(GJ/head)Cumulativeshareofworldpopulation%200350300150501000802040600100Energypercapita:Distributionacrosscountries15bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021CO2CarbonCarbondioxideemissionsMilliontonnesofcarbondioxide20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada550.1554.7551.1564.6571.8570.2553.3565.9576.2578.0517.7-10.7%0.8%1.6%Mexico454.8473.0476.7483.2471.2475.2480.4486.1477.1459.8373.2-19.0%0.1%1.2%US5495.05348.45101.55268.35277.65165.65060.85003.25166.05029.44457.2-11.6%-0.5%13.8%TotalNorthAmerica6499.96376.16129.46316.16320.56211.06094.56055.26219.46067.15348.1-12.1%-0.4%16.6%Argentina168.8174.8183.7189.4189.5192.8191.5189.7187.5175.8164.1-6.9%0.9%0.5%Brazil403.1427.2445.7485.8508.0490.7454.1460.6445.5444.9417.5-6.4%2.2%1.3%Chile76.187.089.491.288.589.094.292.593.194.787.7-7.6%2.4%0.3%Colombia73.470.579.082.387.388.392.786.788.694.992.7-2.6%3.4%0.3%Ecuador33.133.835.238.140.439.637.736.438.837.530.7-18.4%2.6%0.1%Peru40.845.446.447.348.450.855.354.256.956.744.6-21.6%4.9%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago26.126.025.526.325.424.522.621.821.121.118.6-12.4%-1.1%0.1%Venezuela180.6185.6200.2203.1194.5192.2169.8162.4138.3112.388.5-21.4%-4.8%0.3%OtherS.&Cent.America196.3203.8203.1201.5203.7214.0221.8218.4224.0236.5213.3-10.1%2.0%0.7%TotalS.&Cent.America1198.51254.11308.21365.01385.71381.91339.71322.71293.81274.51157.7-9.4%1.3%3.6%Austria67.864.762.262.958.660.761.664.562.263.755.3-13.5%◆0.2%Belgium133.5120.6116.2117.4108.9115.3117.0118.9125.5121.788.8-27.2%-0.2%0.3%CzechRepublic116.5113.1109.3105.0102.0102.8104.8102.7101.798.585.1-13.8%-1.4%0.3%Finland63.956.650.851.947.644.847.745.046.543.439.0-10.3%-2.5%0.1%France360.4333.8335.3334.8301.4307.4313.0317.7306.7299.0251.1-16.2%-1.7%0.8%Germany783.2763.7773.0797.6751.2755.7770.5761.0734.5681.5604.9-11.5%-1.0%1.9%Greece94.694.588.279.275.673.369.974.072.176.758.2-24.3%-2.9%0.2%Hungary48.748.744.642.241.343.945.046.947.547.545.7-3.9%-0.2%0.1%Italy397.1388.5371.0341.5318.9334.5331.3335.3335.9330.3287.2-13.3%-1.7%0.9%Netherlands226.5219.4212.2208.3197.6206.9210.0202.9198.7194.1175.9-9.6%-1.1%0.5%Norway38.638.438.137.036.236.335.134.635.133.932.0-5.8%-0.9%0.1%Poland323.8324.0308.1310.5293.4293.4306.2315.6320.3301.5279.6-7.5%-0.1%0.9%Portugal51.551.450.749.449.653.152.557.354.350.741.3-18.8%-1.2%0.1%Romania78.285.181.769.971.272.069.673.073.471.666.3-7.7%-1.2%0.2%Spain300.1308.5306.3274.8272.2288.0280.7298.4291.3271.0220.4-18.9%-1.5%0.7%Sweden56.952.049.148.246.146.446.645.744.747.245.4-4.0%-1.2%0.1%Switzerland42.140.141.443.638.739.538.038.837.238.232.4-15.3%-1.5%0.1%Turkey276.3298.8314.4303.3335.2340.7359.1397.2390.9385.5369.5-4.4%3.4%1.1%Ukraine287.9302.5299.1286.1247.3195.4215.8188.4199.0185.6177.4-4.7%-3.8%0.5%UnitedKingdom530.0495.2512.5500.8458.8440.5416.4404.0397.8380.2319.4-16.2%-3.0%1.0%OtherEurope399.8400.7377.0370.4352.2361.9370.1378.8375.7369.7321.9-13.2%-0.5%1.0%TotalEurope4677.54600.44541.34434.74204.14212.44260.84300.54251.04091.33596.8-12.3%-1.1%11.1%Azerbaijan27.430.730.831.131.734.133.632.434.035.934.1-5.3%2.2%0.1%Belarus60.257.058.558.257.353.153.554.559.358.654.6-7.0%0.3%0.2%Kazakhstan183.9208.5218.4220.8223.8222.2216.9232.2255.3246.3241.0-2.4%3.6%0.7%RussianFederation1526.61591.11605.01581.11579.21549.51567.01548.61606.01595.71482.2-7.4%0.7%4.6%Turkmenistan55.160.966.662.864.575.274.573.580.687.286.2-1.4%5.4%0.3%Uzbekistan104.6109.6109.7113.9116.7110.7105.8105.0111.3110.7108.2-2.5%0.4%0.3%OtherCIS23.124.626.625.527.428.629.229.433.231.333.15.4%2.9%0.1%TotalCIS1980.92082.32115.72093.52100.52073.42080.42075.62179.72165.62039.5-6.1%1.2%6.3%Iran537.5549.8557.2569.2583.4576.9605.3616.1653.7674.7678.20.2%2.5%2.1%Iraq113.7123.0134.6146.4143.7148.1167.4165.6170.9181.5170.0-6.6%5.5%0.5%Israel71.672.979.069.366.769.869.171.069.872.164.5-10.8%0.5%0.2%Kuwait87.889.492.497.799.5100.1100.5101.7101.7101.591.6-10.0%2.8%0.3%Oman51.654.060.170.370.373.574.679.581.482.980.4-3.2%6.4%0.2%Qatar61.969.879.990.197.9112.3110.0106.092.7101.887.7-14.2%5.6%0.3%SaudiArabia472.0499.8525.0539.5574.6592.4605.3599.6581.3579.6570.8-1.8%3.1%1.8%UnitedArabEmirates215.7222.6233.9249.9245.7267.9278.2280.3275.2272.0245.9-9.8%2.8%0.8%OtherMiddleEast153.9146.8139.1134.7134.3123.8121.4124.2120.3124.1121.1-2.7%-2.3%0.4%TotalMiddleEast1765.61828.11901.21967.12016.12064.82131.82143.92146.92190.22110.1-3.9%2.7%6.5%Algeria104.4107.7115.8133.3142.1148.4147.2149.4156.7160.9148.6-7.9%4.2%0.5%Egypt186.8188.3198.6201.8207.5210.9219.5222.0222.9222.1204.3-8.2%2.3%0.6%Morocco49.152.953.954.356.556.757.060.061.667.762.8-7.6%4.1%0.2%SouthAfrica474.9466.3462.1463.3467.7455.5474.4470.1451.9462.4434.5-6.3%-0.3%1.3%OtherAfrica356.4346.8368.0375.0389.8402.8408.1426.4449.7451.4403.8-10.8%3.0%1.3%TotalAfrica1171.61162.01198.41227.81263.61274.41306.21327.91342.71364.51254.0-8.4%1.8%3.9%Australia396.5400.7393.1391.3396.4405.4403.2400.7396.6401.0372.3-7.4%-0.1%1.2%Bangladesh50.656.560.462.765.478.179.283.189.3100.698.0-2.9%7.4%0.3%China8145.88827.29004.29247.49293.29279.79279.09466.49652.79810.59899.30.6%2.4%30.7%ChinaHongKongSAR88.392.088.791.589.790.592.798.999.594.768.2-28.2%0.9%0.2%India1652.11730.01844.51930.22083.82151.92243.22324.72449.42471.92302.3-7.1%4.5%7.1%Indonesia446.5488.3529.0538.6487.6502.6502.3526.9575.3624.5545.4-12.9%4.5%1.7%Japan1197.91206.11292.11279.81246.51207.11190.01181.41158.41117.71027.0-8.4%-0.1%3.2%Malaysia215.3216.2229.3239.5249.4253.7258.3247.4255.0263.0256.0-2.9%3.1%0.8%NewZealand34.834.736.335.735.836.635.737.837.739.434.1-13.6%1.2%0.1%Pakistan145.7144.1145.7146.7153.3160.9176.6190.4198.3197.4196.0-1.0%3.1%0.6%Philippines80.581.383.892.197.7106.7116.8129.1134.0140.9127.4-9.8%6.5%0.4%Singapore185.3192.7192.0191.7191.1202.8217.1229.0225.4217.2211.0-3.1%2.1%0.7%SouthKorea578.9604.5601.3608.0602.8609.4614.5631.1646.4623.2577.8-7.5%1.8%1.8%SriLanka13.114.816.114.017.317.920.321.721.423.320.8-10.8%5.8%0.1%Taiwan273.2278.1272.0273.8281.1281.4283.9292.5290.5284.9275.9-3.4%1.2%0.9%Thailand248.7253.5270.6274.8281.6289.7296.4297.1299.6294.3277.1-6.1%2.2%0.9%Vietnam123.1136.1134.0140.2156.7185.5198.1199.5241.0292.1283.9-3.1%10.9%0.9%OtherAsiaPacific120.9112.6116.8108.9120.8128.5141.0143.4147.2206.7205.2-1.0%6.1%0.6%TotalAsiaPacific13997.514869.515309.815667.015850.115988.316148.516501.116917.617203.316778.0-2.7%2.6%52.0%TotalWorld31291.432172.532504.033071.233140.733206.133361.933726.934351.134356.632284.1-6.3%1.4%100.0%ofwhich:OECD13046.112857.612667.912767.212553.912473.112377.712396.312494.812140.110778.1-11.5%-0.4%33.4%Non-OECD18245.319314.919836.120303.920586.720733.120984.221330.621856.322216.521506.0-3.5%2.5%66.6%EuropeanUnion3386.43300.33218.73147.02982.43045.63077.23115.33070.52936.72550.9-13.4%-1.2%7.9%◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Thecarbonemissionsabovereflectonlythosethroughconsumptionofoil,gasandcoalforcombustionrelatedactivitiesandnaturalgasflaring,andarebasedon‘DefaultCO2EmissionsFactorsforCombustion’listedbytheIPCCinitsGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories(2006).Thisdoesnotallowforanycarbonthatissequestered,forothersourcesofcarbonemissions,orforemissionsofothergreenhousegases.Ourdataisthereforenotcomparabletoofficialnationalemissionsdata.Separatedataforgasflaringandassociatedcarbonemissionsareavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.16bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021TotalprovedreservesAtend2000Atend2010Atend2019Atend2020ThousandmillionbarrelsThousandmillionbarrelsThousandmillionbarrelsThousandmillionbarrelsThousandmilliontonnesShareoftotalR/PratioCanada181.5174.8169.1168.127.19.7%89.4Mexico24.610.46.16.10.90.4%8.7US30.435.068.868.88.24.0%11.4TotalNorthAmerica236.5220.3243.9242.936.114.0%28.2Argentina3.02.52.52.50.30.1%11.3Brazil8.514.212.711.91.70.7%10.8Colombia2.01.92.02.00.30.1%7.1Ecuador2.72.11.31.30.20.1%7.4Peru0.91.20.80.70.1◆15.5Trinidad&Tobago0.90.80.20.2†◆8.7Venezuela76.8296.5303.8303.848.017.5%OtherS.&Cent.America1.30.80.70.80.1◆10.9TotalS.&Cent.America96.0320.1324.0323.450.818.7%151.3Denmark1.10.90.40.40.1◆16.2Italy0.60.60.60.60.1◆14.7Norway11.46.88.57.91.00.5%10.8Romania1.20.60.60.60.1◆22.7UnitedKingdom4.72.82.52.50.30.1%6.6OtherEurope2.11.91.61.60.20.1%14.9TotalEurope21.013.614.213.61.80.8%10.4Azerbaijan1.27.07.07.01.00.4%26.7Kazakhstan5.430.030.030.03.91.7%45.3RussianFederation112.1105.8107.8107.814.86.2%27.6Turkmenistan0.50.60.60.60.1◆7.6Uzbekistan0.60.60.60.60.1◆34.7OtherCIS0.30.30.30.3†◆17.3TotalCIS120.1144.2146.2146.219.98.4%29.6Iran99.5151.2157.8157.821.79.1%139.8Iraq112.5115.0145.0145.019.68.4%96.3Kuwait96.5101.5101.5101.514.05.9%103.2Oman5.85.55.45.40.70.3%15.4Qatar16.924.725.225.22.61.5%38.1SaudiArabia262.8264.5297.6297.540.917.2%73.6Syria2.32.52.52.50.30.1%158.8UnitedArabEmirates97.897.897.897.813.05.6%73.1Yemen2.43.03.03.00.40.2%86.7OtherMiddleEast0.20.30.20.2†◆2.6TotalMiddleEast696.7765.9836.0835.9113.248.3%82.6Algeria11.312.212.212.21.50.7%25.0Angola6.09.17.87.81.10.4%16.1Chad0.91.51.51.50.20.1%32.5RepublicofCongo1.52.02.92.90.40.2%25.7Egypt3.64.53.13.10.40.2%14.0EquatorialGuinea0.81.71.11.10.10.1%18.7Gabon2.42.02.02.00.30.1%26.4Libya36.047.148.448.46.32.8%339.2Nigeria29.037.236.936.95.02.1%56.1SouthSudann/an/a3.53.50.50.2%56.4Sudan0.35.01.51.50.20.1%47.9Tunisia0.40.40.40.40.1◆32.7OtherAfrica0.72.33.73.80.50.2%33.2TotalAfrica92.9124.9125.0125.116.67.2%49.8Australia4.93.82.42.40.30.1%13.9Brunei1.21.11.11.10.10.1%27.3China15.223.326.026.03.51.5%18.2India5.35.84.74.50.60.3%16.1Indonesia5.14.22.52.40.30.1%9.0Malaysia2.13.62.72.70.40.2%12.5Thailand0.50.40.30.3†◆1.7Vietnam2.04.44.44.40.60.3%58.1OtherAsiaPacific1.31.11.41.30.20.1%17.4TotalAsiaPacific37.747.845.345.26.12.6%16.6TotalWorld1300.91636.91734.81732.4244.4100.0%53.5ofwhich:OECD262.7238.5261.5260.038.315.0%25.2Non-OECD1038.21398.31473.31472.4206.185.0%66.9OPEC833.01137.71214.71214.7171.870.1%108.3Non-OPEC468.0499.1520.1517.772.629.9%24.5EuropeanUnion3.93.22.42.40.30.1%16.8Canadianoilsands:Total174.9169.2162.4161.426.29.3%ofwhich:Underactivedevelopment11.725.919.918.93.11.1%Venezuela:OrinocoBelt–220.0261.8261.842.015.1%Sourceofdata–theestimatesinthistablehavebeencompiledusingacombinationofprimaryofficialsources,third-partydatafromtheOPECSecretariat,WorldOil,Oil&GasJournalandChinesereservesbasedonofficialdataandinformationinthepublicdomain.†Lessthan0.05.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Morethan500years.Notes:Totalprovedreservesofoil–generallytakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertaintycanberecoveredinthefuturefromknownreservoirsunderexistingeconomicandoperatingconditions.Thedataseriesfortotalprovedoilreservesdoesnotnecessarilymeetthedefinitions,guidelinesandpracticesusedfordeterminingprovedreservesatcompanylevel,forinstanceaspublishedbytheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommission,nordoesitnecessarilyrepresentbp’sviewofprovedreservesbycountry.Reserves-to-production(R/P)ratio–ifthereservesremainingattheendofanyyeararedividedbytheproductioninthatyear,theresultisthelengthoftimethatthoseremainingreserveswouldlastifproductionweretocontinueatthatrate.Canadianoilsands‘underactivedevelopment’areanofficialestimate.VenezuelanOrinocoBeltreservesarebasedontheOPECSecretariatandgovernmentannouncements.ReservesandR/PratioforCanadaincludesCanadianoilsands.ReservesandR/PratioforVenezuelaincludestheOrinocoBelt.SaudiArabia’soilreservesincludeNGLsfrom2017.Reservesincludegascondensateandnaturalgasliquids(NGLs)aswellascrudeoil.SharesoftotalandR/Pratiosarecalculatedusingthousandmillionbarrelsfigures.Oil17bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Globalprovedoilreserveswere1732billionbarrelsattheendof2020,down2billionbarrelsversus2019.TheglobalR/Pratioshowsthatoilreservesin2020accountedforover50yearsofcurrentproduction.OPECholds70.2%ofglobalreserves.ThetopcountriesintermsofreservesareVenezuela(17.5%ofglobalreserves),closelyfollowedbySaudiArabia(17.2%)andCanada(9.7%).8.448.32.60.81.60.87.214.018.72020Total1732.4thousandmillionbarrels2010Total1636.9thousandmillionbarrels19.68.87.22.946.813.52000Total1300.9thousandmillionbarrels18.22.97.19.27.453.6Distributionofprovedreservesin2000,2010and2020PercentageMiddleEastS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmericaCISAfricaAsiaPacificEurope0150120609030NorthAmericaS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeCISMiddleEastAfricaAsiaPacific2020byregionReserves-to-production(R/P)ratiosYears150906030090950005101520NorthAmericaS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeCISMiddleEastAfricaAsiaPacificWorldHistory12018bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:ProductioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada33323515374040004271438844644813524453725135-4.4%5.3%5.8%Mexico29592940291128752784258724562224206819181910-0.4%-4.3%2.2%US7559788389291010011804127891236113154153341707216476-3.5%8.9%18.6%TotalNorthAmerica1385014338155801697518859197631928020192226462436323521-3.5%6.1%26.6%Argentina712667657644638646610590591620600-3.2%-1.6%0.7%Brazil212521732132209623412525259127212679287630265.2%3.6%3.4%Colombia78691594410109901006886854865886781-11.8%2.8%0.9%Ecuador488501505527557543548531517531479-9.7%0.8%0.5%Peru165159157171175153141136139144131-8.8%-0.8%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago1451361171161141099799878276-7.3%-5.9%0.1%Venezuela284227552704268026922631234720961475918540-41.2%-11.3%0.6%OtherS.&Cent.America14414414715215514613513312814820740.0%0.9%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America74077450736273977662775873557160648162065841-5.9%-1.7%6.6%Denmark24922520417816715814213811610372-30.0%-9.0%0.1%Italy1061101121141201137886978911226.4%-0.7%0.1%Norway2139204019171838188619461997197118511737200115.2%-3.0%2.3%Romania9089838684837976757572-3.3%-2.2%0.1%UnitedKingdom1358111494786585496410151005109211181029-8.0%-2.7%1.2%OtherEurope342336336344339331313303308302292-3.3%-1.6%0.3%TotalEurope428439133600342634503596362335793538342435794.5%-3.0%4.0%Azerbaijan1037932882888861851838793796775716-7.6%-2.8%0.8%Kazakhstan16761684166417371710169516551838190419191811-5.6%1.8%2.0%RussianFederation1037910533106561080710927110871134211374115621167910667-8.7%1.4%12.1%Turkmenistan226234244256263271270271260253216-14.7%1.4%0.2%Uzbekistan7877686361595861646247-25.1%-4.1%0.1%OtherCIS36363535353636373839391.3%0.7%◆TotalCIS1343113496135491378613857139981419914374146241472713496-8.4%1.1%15.3%Iran44214452381036093714385345784854460833993084-9.3%-2.3%3.5%Iraq24692773307930993239398644234538463247794114-13.9%6.9%4.7%Kuwait25642918317331343106306931503009305029762686-9.7%1.7%3.0%Oman8658859189429439811004971978971951-2.1%1.8%1.1%Qatar16301824192819911975193319381882189818631809-2.9%2.8%2.0%SaudiArabia986511079116221139311519119981240611892122611183211039-6.7%2.0%12.5%Syria385353171593327252524344327.8%-21.9%◆UnitedArabEmirates29373300342535663603389840383910391239993657-8.6%3.6%4.1%Yemen306220178197153634371949595-0.1%-11.1%0.1%OtherMiddleEast192201184208214213214208207214188-12.5%1.1%0.2%TotalMiddleEast2563428007284872819928498300213181831359316653016227664-8.3%1.9%31.3%Algeria16891642153714851589155815771540151114871332-10.4%-1.8%1.5%Angola18121670173417381701179617451671151914201324-6.8%-2.1%1.5%Chad122114101918911111798116127126-0.5%0.7%0.1%RepublicofCongo314301280243253234232270330336307-8.8%2.0%0.3%Egypt725714715710714726691660674653616-5.7%-1.1%0.7%EquatorialGuinea3063013202822842602231951761601610.4%-7.0%0.2%Gabon233236221213211214221210193218207-5.0%-1.0%0.2%Libya17995161539104851843741292911651306390-70.2%-2.8%0.4%Nigeria25332461241222792276220119001969200721021798-14.5%-0.5%2.0%SouthSudann/an/a31100155148137147144172170-1.2%n/a0.2%Sudan462291103118120109104951009886-12.2%-14.6%0.1%Tunisia8377827671646048524236-16.2%-7.4%◆OtherAfrica149198196225231262255300300331314-5.0%6.2%0.4%TotalAfrica102278520927086078213811876728134828884526865-18.8%-1.6%7.8%Australia5504834794074363843593273444584702.5%-1.7%0.5%Brunei172165159135126127121113112121110-9.3%-3.2%0.1%China407740744155421642464309399938463798383639011.7%0.1%4.4%India901937926926905893874885869830771-7.2%-0.1%0.9%Indonesia1003952917883847838876838808781743-4.9%-2.4%0.8%Malaysia733659663627649696726718718663596-10.1%-0.4%0.7%Thailand393429471466464481489486472471418-11.3%2.0%0.5%Vietnam312316347346325352317284257236207-12.4%-3.6%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific318302291274296298281273234231210-9.0%-3.5%0.2%TotalAsiaPacific84598318840782818295837780417771761076287425-2.7%-0.6%8.4%TotalWorld8329384042862558667088834916329198992568948529496188391-6.9%1.5%100.0%ofwhich:OECD1934119513204642166923600246162401924828272582899228216-2.7%4.2%31.9%Non-OECD6395264529657916500165235670156796967741675936596860175-8.8%0.6%68.1%OPEC3378434404358533476934706361343725137084368403493330636-12.3%0.5%34.7%Non-OPEC4950949638504025190154129554985473855484580126002857755-3.8%2.2%65.3%EuropeanUnion626600572560552535471465448415394-4.9%-4.4%0.4%Source:includesdatafromFGEIranService.Includescrudeoil,shaleoil,oilsands,condensates(leasecondensateorgascondensatesthatrequirefurtherrefining)andNGLs(naturalgasliquids–ethane,LPGandnaphthaseparatedfromtheproductionofnaturalgas).Excludesliquidfuelsfromothersourcessuchasbiofuelsandsyntheticderivativesofcoalandnaturalgas.Thisalsoexcludesliquidfueladjustmentfactorssuchasrefineryprocessinggain.Excludesoilshales/kerogenextractedinsolidform.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Note:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.19bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:ProductioninmilliontonnesMilliontonnes20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada160.6170.1182.9195.4209.8216.1218.8236.6257.7263.5252.2-4.5%5.6%6.1%Mexico145.6144.5143.9141.8137.1127.5121.4109.5102.394.995.1-0.1%-4.3%2.3%US333.1346.1395.1448.5524.5567.4542.9574.9670.2747.8712.7-5.0%8.8%17.1%TotalNorthAmerica639.4660.7721.9785.8871.4911.0883.1921.01030.31106.21060.0-4.4%5.9%25.4%Argentina33.331.230.830.229.830.028.627.227.528.827.6-4.4%-1.6%0.7%Brazil111.3113.8111.9109.7122.5132.2136.2142.3140.2150.8159.25.3%3.6%3.8%Colombia41.448.249.953.252.253.046.845.045.646.741.3-11.8%2.8%1.0%Ecuador26.126.827.128.229.829.129.528.527.728.525.8-9.7%0.9%0.6%Peru7.37.06.97.37.56.55.85.75.96.15.4-11.9%-1.2%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago6.25.95.25.15.14.84.34.43.93.73.4-6.4%-6.0%0.1%Venezuela145.8141.5139.3137.8138.5135.4121.0107.675.646.627.4-41.4%-11.4%0.7%OtherS.&Cent.America7.37.37.47.67.87.36.86.76.47.210.240.9%0.5%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America378.7381.7378.6379.1393.1398.4379.1367.4332.9318.3300.3-5.9%-1.7%7.2%Denmark12.210.910.08.78.17.76.96.75.65.03.5-30.0%-9.0%0.1%Italy5.15.35.45.55.85.53.84.14.74.35.426.4%-0.7%0.1%Norway98.693.487.082.985.087.690.388.983.378.592.016.8%-3.2%2.2%Romania4.34.24.04.14.14.03.83.63.63.63.5-3.3%-2.3%0.1%UnitedKingdom63.052.044.640.639.945.347.446.650.951.848.1-7.4%-2.7%1.2%OtherEurope16.916.716.717.116.916.515.615.015.215.014.6-3.1%-1.6%0.3%TotalEurope200.0182.5167.7159.0159.8166.6167.9165.0163.3158.2167.15.3%-3.1%4.0%Azerbaijan51.346.143.743.842.542.041.439.139.238.035.1-7.9%-2.9%0.8%Kazakhstan79.780.179.382.381.180.278.687.090.591.086.1-5.7%1.8%2.1%RussianFederation512.3519.5526.7532.2537.4544.6558.5558.5567.9573.4524.4-8.8%1.4%12.6%Turkmenistan11.111.512.012.512.913.213.213.112.612.210.3-15.4%1.2%0.2%Uzbekistan3.63.63.22.92.82.72.62.82.92.82.1-24.2%-4.5%0.1%OtherCIS1.81.81.81.81.81.81.81.81.91.92.01.3%0.7%◆TotalCIS659.9662.5666.7675.5678.4684.5696.1702.4714.9719.4660.1-8.5%1.1%15.8%Iran212.0212.5180.5169.7174.0180.2216.1231.4218.7157.8142.7-9.8%-2.7%3.4%Iraq120.8135.8151.3151.9158.8195.6217.6222.4227.0234.2202.0-14.0%6.9%4.9%Kuwait123.4140.9154.0151.4150.2148.2152.7145.0146.8143.4130.1-9.5%1.7%3.1%Oman42.243.245.046.146.248.049.347.647.847.346.1-2.8%1.8%1.1%Qatar70.977.782.284.283.581.281.679.179.577.775.9-2.6%2.2%1.8%SaudiArabia463.3522.7549.2538.4543.8568.0586.7559.3576.8556.6519.6-6.9%1.9%12.5%Syria18.516.98.12.71.51.21.11.11.11.52.029.7%-22.5%◆UnitedArabEmirates135.2150.5156.2162.8163.4176.1182.4176.2176.7180.5165.6-8.5%3.4%4.0%Yemen14.310.28.19.06.92.61.63.04.14.14.1-0.1%-11.8%0.1%OtherMiddleEast9.49.99.010.310.510.510.610.210.210.49.1-12.8%1.0%0.2%TotalMiddleEast1210.11320.41343.71326.51338.91411.81499.81475.21488.61413.51297.3-8.5%1.8%31.1%Algeria73.871.767.264.868.867.268.466.665.364.357.6-10.7%-1.8%1.4%Angola88.982.085.385.283.388.285.881.674.169.164.5-6.8%-2.2%1.5%Chad6.46.05.34.84.75.86.15.26.16.76.6-0.5%0.7%0.2%RepublicofCongo16.015.314.212.312.911.911.913.816.917.215.8-8.8%2.0%0.4%Egypt35.034.634.734.435.135.433.832.232.831.830.0-5.9%-1.0%0.7%EquatorialGuinea14.514.215.213.213.312.110.39.08.17.47.51.0%-7.2%0.2%Gabon11.611.811.110.710.510.711.010.59.710.910.4-5.0%-1.0%0.2%Libya84.624.372.649.424.420.519.343.854.961.518.3-70.3%-2.8%0.4%Nigeria122.1118.4116.4109.5109.3105.791.394.596.4101.186.9-14.3%-0.6%2.1%SouthSudann/an/a1.54.97.77.36.87.37.18.48.4-1.2%n/a0.2%Sudan22.814.35.15.85.95.45.14.74.94.84.2-12.2%-14.6%0.1%Tunisia3.93.63.83.53.32.92.82.22.42.01.7-16.5%-7.3%◆OtherAfrica7.49.89.811.211.413.012.714.814.816.315.5-4.9%6.0%0.4%TotalAfrica487.0406.0442.2409.5390.5386.1365.4386.1393.5401.6327.3-18.7%-1.6%7.9%Australia24.621.521.417.819.117.015.514.114.719.319.71.8%-2.2%0.5%Brunei8.48.17.86.66.26.25.95.55.45.95.4-9.1%-3.3%0.1%China203.0202.9207.5210.0211.4214.6199.7191.5189.1191.0194.81.7%0.1%4.7%India41.342.942.542.541.641.240.240.439.537.635.1-6.8%-0.1%0.8%Indonesia48.646.344.642.741.040.642.841.039.538.236.4-4.9%-2.3%0.9%Malaysia33.129.730.128.729.832.233.332.932.730.227.2-10.1%-0.5%0.7%Thailand15.215.817.317.116.917.618.117.616.916.815.0-10.7%1.2%0.4%Vietnam15.315.417.016.915.917.215.513.912.411.410.0-12.6%-3.7%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific14.013.212.812.113.313.412.612.210.510.39.5-8.5%-3.4%0.2%TotalAsiaPacific403.5395.8400.9394.4395.1399.8383.6368.9360.7360.8353.1-2.4%-0.7%8.5%TotalWorld3978.64009.64121.64129.84227.24358.14375.14385.94484.24478.04165.1-7.2%1.4%100.0%ofwhich:OECD898.9906.1953.91008.31095.61140.91107.01138.91247.31323.61281.4-3.5%4.0%30.8%Non-OECD3079.63103.53167.83121.43131.53217.23268.13247.03236.93154.42883.8-8.8%0.5%69.2%OPEC1612.11641.71712.61657.01651.21719.81774.71761.61747.11650.71448.4-12.5%0.4%34.8%Non-OPEC2366.52367.92409.12472.82575.92638.22600.42624.22737.12827.32716.7-4.2%2.0%65.2%EuropeanUnion30.529.228.027.427.026.123.022.721.920.219.3-4.9%-4.4%0.5%Source:includesdatafromFGEIranService.Includescrudeoil,shaleoil,oilsands,condensates(leasecondensateorgascondensatesthatrequirefurtherrefining)andNGLs(naturalgasliquids–ethane,LPGandnaphthaseparatedfromtheproductionofnaturalgas).Excludesliquidfuelsfromothersourcessuchasbiofuelsandsyntheticderivativesofcoalandnaturalgas.Thisalsoexcludesliquidfueladjustmentfactorssuchasrefineryprocessinggain.Excludesoilshales/kerogenextractedinsolidform.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Note:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingmilliontonnesfigures.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.20bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:CrudeoilandcondensateproductioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada28493021325034863758386338684216459646904469-4.7%5.7%5.8%Mexico257725532548252224292267215419481833170117050.3%-4.2%2.2%US54845667652174948789944688529371109641224811315-7.6%8.6%14.8%TotalNorthAmerica1091111241123191350214976155761487315536173941863917489-6.2%5.7%22.8%Argentina589553549540532532511480489509480-5.6%-1.7%0.6%Brazil205521052061202422552437251026222587278829405.5%3.6%3.8%Colombia78691594410109901006886854865886781-11.8%2.8%1.0%Ecuador486500504526557543548531517531479-9.7%0.9%0.6%Peru1231171121181211049188929577-18.9%-2.0%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago9892828181797172635957-3.8%-5.8%0.1%Venezuela269526232580256425782514224219921386839488-41.8%-11.6%0.6%OtherS.&Cent.America12512613113514013312211811410917157.3%-1.0%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America69577031696369987255734769826757611458155475-5.9%-1.7%7.1%Denmark24922520417816715814213811610372-30.0%-9.0%0.1%Italy1061101121141201137886978911226.4%-0.7%0.1%Norway1871175816121532156216081647162015161437171319.2%-3.5%2.2%Romania8684798382807673727168-3.3%-2.4%0.1%UnitedKingdom1234102888581079190393391310021019947-7.1%-2.6%1.2%OtherEurope319316317327324317297284289286277-3.0%-1.5%0.4%TotalEurope386535213209304530453180317331143092300531906.2%-3.2%4.2%Azerbaijan1023919872877849840826781783762702-7.8%-2.8%0.9%Kazakhstan16761684166217201701167216371813190019031796-5.6%1.7%2.3%RussianFederation1015010287103951052810479106171086310898110831118610192-8.9%1.2%13.3%Turkmenistan216224231239246254250248236228189-16.9%0.8%0.2%Uzbekistan7877686361595861646247-25.1%-4.1%0.1%OtherCIS36363535353636373839391.3%0.7%0.1%TotalCIS1317913226132631346313371134781367113838141041418012965-8.6%1.0%16.9%Iran40684048339831923273339240904490424030202730-9.6%-2.8%3.6%Iraq24242728303730583198394543754473456847124049-14.1%7.0%5.3%Kuwait23072645289028472830278228602704273726782438-9.0%1.6%3.2%Oman8658859189429439811004971978971951-2.1%1.8%1.2%Qatar13071399149115201508146314651432142713871359-2.0%1.9%1.8%SaudiArabia8423956699879875994110420106881017510533101459430-7.0%1.9%12.3%Syria350319146452319171716253334.0%-23.6%◆UnitedArabEmirates26032853294630843063328433843279330833603087-8.1%3.0%4.0%Yemen284197154173128381644676767–-13.5%0.1%OtherMiddleEast182191173199204203204198196196169-13.5%0.7%0.2%TotalMiddleEast2281324831251402493325112265272810427783280692655924314-8.5%1.7%31.7%Algeria14611416132012751329129013161287125912391098-11.4%-2.0%1.4%Angola17931656171417161672178017221632147913731277-7.0%-2.3%1.7%Chad122114101918911111798116127126-0.5%0.7%0.2%RepublicofCongo307292268234245227225263323329300-8.9%2.0%0.4%Egypt663649649643667662631603617597560-6.2%-1.1%0.7%EquatorialGuinea2862802992612662422041741571441461.4%-7.4%0.2%Gabon233236221213211214221210193218207-5.0%-1.0%0.3%Libya17485081499102551042239790911441279374-70.7%-2.7%0.5%Nigeria24552373233021932188211918221890192220141734-13.9%-0.6%2.3%SouthSudann/an/a31100155148137147144172170-1.2%n/a0.2%Sudan462291103118120109104951009886-12.2%-14.6%0.1%Tunisia7970706459545143434033-17.3%-7.1%◆OtherAfrica149198196225231262255300299330313-5.0%6.2%0.4%TotalAfrica97598083880281587742763971997651779779596424-19.3%-1.7%8.4%Australia473411405335353322290263284361356-1.4%-2.4%0.5%Brunei159153146122114115109101100110100-8.3%-3.4%0.1%China407740744155421642464309399938463798383639011.7%0.1%5.1%India762793786789778771744744719677636-6.0%-0.2%0.8%Indonesia945902859825789786831801772745708-5.0%-2.4%0.9%Malaysia653583598588610662667660653604541-10.5%-0.9%0.7%Thailand242224239241233248258240228228202-11.5%-0.4%0.3%Vietnam304308339337315342308275243225195-13.0%-3.8%0.3%OtherAsiaPacific270256246237261265250241208205189-7.9%-3.1%0.2%TotalAsiaPacific78857705777376907699782074557171700469916828-2.3%-0.8%8.9%TotalWorld7536875638774697779079201815678145781851835748314876685-7.8%1.2%100.0%ofwhich:OECD1590215951167361774119227199511909719645215042275921687-4.7%3.7%28.3%Non-OECD5946759687607346004959974616166236062205620706038954999-8.9%0.4%71.7%OPEC3080431226324893153731305326313354533479332493134927359-12.7%0.3%35.7%Non-OPEC4456544412449804625347896489364791248372503255179949326-4.8%1.7%64.3%EuropeanUnion606581556546540523457451436403385-4.6%-4.3%0.5%Source:includesdatafromFGEIranService.Includescrudeoil,shale/tightoil,oilsands,leasecondensateorgascondensatesthatrequirefurtherrefining.Excludesliquidfuelsfromothersourcessuchasbiomassandsyntheticderivativesofcoalandnaturalgas.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Note:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.21bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:NaturalgasliquidsproductioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada483.0493.4489.9514.4513.0525.2595.4596.8647.4682.0666.3-2.3%3.2%5.7%Mexico382.3387.7363.2352.6355.4319.7302.3275.9235.1217.4204.5-5.9%-5.4%1.7%US2074.12216.12408.12605.83014.63342.33509.23783.04369.54824.35161.27.0%9.7%44.1%TotalNorthAmerica2939.43097.23261.33472.93883.04187.24406.94655.75252.05723.86032.05.4%7.5%51.5%Argentina122.5113.8107.3104.4105.5113.999.1110.4101.8111.8120.07.4%-1.2%1.0%Brazil70.467.770.472.186.887.581.499.292.388.585.6-3.2%2.5%0.7%Colombian/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aEcuador2.01.01.01.0–––––––n/a-100.0%–Peru42.441.945.553.753.849.349.848.447.048.654.011.1%2.4%0.5%Trinidad&Tobago47.244.035.234.432.930.125.226.923.823.419.6-16.0%-6.0%0.2%Venezuela146.8131.8123.9116.0114.0117.0105.0104.088.479.651.7-35.0%-6.7%0.4%OtherS.&Cent.America19.218.916.116.614.412.912.514.613.938.735.3-8.8%9.9%0.3%TotalS.&Cent.America450.6419.1399.3398.4407.4410.8373.0403.5367.3390.5366.3-6.2%-1.5%3.1%Denmarkn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aItalyn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aNorway268.0281.1305.9305.3324.0337.9349.0351.5335.3299.4288.1-3.8%0.2%2.5%Romania3.84.73.92.82.83.23.73.12.94.03.9-3.4%1.3%◆UnitedKingdom124.685.961.855.062.460.381.592.089.698.882.0-17.0%-3.5%0.7%OtherEurope22.720.118.717.015.214.416.318.618.716.615.3-8.2%-4.2%0.1%TotalEurope419.0391.7390.3380.1404.4415.8450.5465.1446.5418.9389.3-7.1%-1.0%3.3%Azerbaijan13.513.310.411.412.210.811.111.312.313.214.27.6%0.6%0.1%Kazakhstan0.10.11.716.69.022.817.725.03.915.514.5-6.8%45.1%0.1%RussianFederation228.3246.8260.4278.5448.1470.2479.2475.5479.1492.7474.9-3.6%8.2%4.1%Turkmenistan10.510.513.616.816.816.820.023.223.925.526.85.1%9.3%0.2%Uzbekistann/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aOtherCIS–––––––––––n/an/a–TotalCIS252.3270.6286.2323.3486.1520.7528.0535.0519.2546.9530.4-3.0%8.2%4.5%Iran352.2404.1412.0417.6441.2460.5488.0364.0368.0379.0354.0-6.6%3.5%3.0%Iraq44.845.141.541.540.340.747.664.564.467.764.3-5.0%5.2%0.5%Kuwait257.4272.6282.9287.0276.0287.8289.7305.0313.1298.4248.0-16.9%2.9%2.1%Omann/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aQatar322.8425.8436.7471.1466.2469.8473.3450.2470.8476.1450.3-5.4%6.1%3.8%SaudiArabia1441.81513.01635.01518.11577.41577.71717.81717.01728.31687.31609.0-4.6%2.7%13.7%Syria35.033.825.014.210.08.08.08.08.09.010.011.1%-12.7%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates333.8446.8479.1482.5539.5613.8653.6630.5604.3638.9569.3-10.9%7.9%4.9%Yemen22.623.223.824.525.125.726.327.027.627.627.6-0.3%2.3%0.2%OtherMiddleEast10.310.810.59.610.210.010.19.611.018.618.1-2.6%6.6%0.2%TotalMiddleEast2820.73175.33346.53266.03385.83494.03714.63575.83595.63602.73350.6-7.0%3.9%28.6%Algeria228.4225.1216.4210.1260.2267.8261.2253.6251.7247.4233.6-5.6%-0.4%2.0%Angola19.214.019.922.329.716.123.239.040.346.746.6-0.3%8.9%0.4%Chadn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aRepublicofCongo7.08.811.59.08.07.07.07.07.07.06.7-3.6%–0.1%Egypt61.365.265.966.747.064.260.057.357.656.155.9-0.3%-1.5%0.5%EquatorialGuinea19.720.720.220.718.817.419.421.219.116.715.2-8.7%-2.9%0.1%Gabonn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aLibya50.58.540.022.47.515.015.020.021.227.115.3-43.7%-6.2%0.1%Nigeria78.288.081.685.688.282.378.279.784.888.063.6-27.7%1.9%0.5%SouthSudann/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aSudann/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aTunisia4.26.612.512.211.810.08.74.88.62.82.8-0.3%-10.9%◆OtherAfrican/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a0.50.80.82.1%n/a◆TotalAfrica468.5436.8468.0449.1471.3479.9472.8482.7490.8492.6440.5-10.6%-0.3%3.8%Australia77.171.373.272.282.562.069.364.060.197.7114.317.0%1.5%1.0%Brunei12.712.812.913.112.111.411.812.612.011.79.6-18.5%-1.5%0.1%Chinan/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/aIndia139.6143.7139.6136.4127.5122.3129.5140.9150.4153.8134.9-12.3%0.4%1.2%Indonesia58.150.258.058.058.351.944.736.936.436.234.7-4.1%-2.2%0.3%Malaysia79.376.365.138.838.834.759.357.764.958.254.7-6.0%7.1%0.5%Thailand151.6204.9232.1224.9231.0232.7231.0246.5243.6242.5215.7-11.0%5.1%1.8%Vietnam7.77.88.29.59.69.29.99.313.411.811.7-0.7%3.7%0.1%OtherAsiaPacific48.246.145.037.635.632.730.732.025.925.621.1-17.6%-6.6%0.2%TotalAsiaPacific574.2613.0634.1590.6595.5556.9586.1599.9606.6637.5596.8-6.4%1.9%5.1%TotalWorld7924.88403.78785.68880.29633.510065.210531.910717.711277.811812.911705.9-0.9%4.7%100.0%ofwhich:OECD3439.23562.03727.83927.94372.64665.84922.55182.05754.26233.96529.84.7%6.5%55.8%Non-OECD4485.64841.75057.84952.35260.85399.45609.45535.75523.65579.05176.1-7.2%3.1%44.2%OPEC2979.83178.63364.03232.73400.83503.23705.93605.63590.73583.93277.3-8.6%2.8%28.0%Non-OPEC4944.95225.15421.75647.56232.66562.06826.07112.27687.18229.08428.52.4%5.7%72.0%EuropeanUnion19.818.416.614.112.612.613.613.712.111.19.7-13.3%-6.5%0.1%Includesethane,LPGandnaphthaseparatedfromtheproductionofnaturalgas.Excludescondensates.Source:IncludesdatafromFGEIranService,ICIS.†Lessthan0.05.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Note:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.22bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:TotalliquidsconsumptioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada24142445248224772478249825072486256626052342-10.1%1.2%2.6%Mexico20432068208620381965194519561890184217051319-22.6%-1.7%1.4%US1917818896184821896719100195321969219952205122054318120-11.8%0.9%19.9%TotalNorthAmerica2363423408230502348123544239752415524327249202485221781-12.4%0.7%23.9%Argentina597629669713709727711711680603525-12.9%0.9%0.6%Brazil27142832288431003214313829573030302631423019-3.9%2.3%3.3%Chile343371376362353355377364379379347-8.6%-0.1%0.4%Colombia266275296294310330337332344358294-17.9%3.6%0.3%Ecuador220226233247260254240237255249203-18.6%2.7%0.2%Peru196216220231229244260270278285219-22.9%4.6%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago4542404541454744413938-2.6%-1.2%◆Venezuela739721785835746697537493410296242-18.3%-8.3%0.3%OtherS.&Cent.America11751204119311721177124212871293131013311151-13.5%1.3%1.3%TotalS.&Cent.America62946517669570007039703467556773672366826038-9.6%1.1%6.6%Austria273256256263255256261263267277240-13.3%0.6%0.3%Belgium671632611633629646654664703662490-26.0%0.3%0.5%CzechRepublic194199196188199191179213214218191-12.4%0.7%0.2%Finland210204197212206206210208209206188-8.7%0.2%0.2%France17601721166916571610161115961607160515991370-14.4%-1.3%1.5%Germany24412365235224042344233623742443232523392127-9.1%-0.3%2.3%Greece369352307285284297297301298308249-19.2%-2.7%0.3%Hungary146142133132147157157168180182171-6.0%1.6%0.2%Italy15381495140112891220129312841304133112771079-15.5%-2.0%1.2%Netherlands964972926900866837854830858826771-6.7%-1.3%0.8%Norway229225218229218223217223231223217-2.5%0.1%0.2%Poland593591570537538558605662685702660-6.1%2.2%0.7%Portugal272256231241247246248246245253208-17.8%-0.8%0.2%Romania184191191174187191202213219230225-2.2%1.7%0.2%Spain14301370128511911188123312781291132513251078-18.7%-0.8%1.2%Sweden329310309307305303319321305325290-10.6%◆0.3%Switzerland242234238249224227216222215220183-17.0%-1.6%0.2%Turkey69467370475677491797610259931000906-9.4%3.5%1.0%Ukraine284283287267245214226234241247234-5.0%-2.0%0.3%UnitedKingdom16221589153215171522156316121619160215721230-21.7%-0.5%1.4%OtherEurope12151188113811211118116512091256126912681114-12.1%0.3%1.2%TotalEurope1565915248147511455214328146701497515312153211525813221-13.4%-0.3%14.5%Azerbaijan72899210199100989910410492-11.8%3.7%0.1%Belarus150172211144164139137137151144132-8.5%-2.3%0.1%Kazakhstan206270288297304364344385409387379-2.0%6.8%0.4%RussianFederation28783074311931633300319732663273332333983243-4.6%2.0%3.6%Turkmenistan118125129137143145143144145149142-4.8%3.4%0.2%Uzbekistan9280778880808487959886-12.6%0.1%0.1%OtherCIS6365757876788682969179-12.3%3.6%0.1%TotalCIS35793874399240094166410341584207432343714154-5.0%2.3%4.6%Iran16851715176318761764158215851644171718411715-6.8%0.4%1.9%Iraq569628665715680686757723704716628-12.4%3.0%0.7%Israel241255295223214227231255250254213-16.1%0.9%0.2%Kuwait480467467477488467449470468446411-7.8%0.5%0.5%Oman135146157178185184187224232240209-12.7%7.3%0.2%Qatar186244260302312357371337348375296-21.0%8.3%0.3%SaudiArabia31243285345134443760387938653799361736353544-2.5%2.6%3.9%UnitedArabEmirates653723767849858949103410171015969798-17.7%4.9%0.9%OtherMiddleEast723714677625625544523531529535507-5.3%-3.7%0.6%TotalMiddleEast77968176850386908885887390029000887990118321-7.7%1.9%9.1%Algeria329349370387401425412408416430366-14.9%2.8%0.4%Egypt749707733743795820840786731734659-10.2%0.3%0.7%Morocco258275277282272268275290286292261-10.5%2.2%0.3%SouthAfrica526533543554546602577577576569492-13.5%1.2%0.5%OtherAfrica16061520163217271737176418031896203720751783-14.1%3.1%2.0%TotalAfrica34673384355536933750387939073957404741003561-13.1%2.2%3.9%Australia89894096810001003992994103510451036895-13.6%1.6%1.0%Bangladesh81104110108120127138156178176154-12.2%9.3%0.2%China944297951023510744112071213812572132041366114103143141.5%5.5%15.7%ChinaHongKongSAR359361344352336368380428435409285-30.2%2.1%0.3%India33393510370837513871418845934767503252144738-9.1%4.8%5.2%Indonesia14501587167716771676157015621657171617391346-22.6%2.5%1.5%Japan44294419468345034288412440003967383937043282-11.4%-1.7%3.6%Malaysia688725760807809759847809811851737-13.5%2.3%0.8%NewZealand148153150152155161165175176179148-17.1%1.9%0.2%Pakistan411414402442458505566589498446437-1.9%0.7%0.5%Philippines313298309326347397427459464474391-17.6%4.7%0.4%Singapore11571208120212171259132913721406143114011332-4.9%2.9%1.5%SouthKorea23192339240424142408251327062747273527192575-5.3%1.8%2.8%SriLanka879295829290105114114123104-15.6%3.5%0.1%Taiwan10779959881024105310781083106810751022974-4.7%-0.1%1.1%Thailand11231186124913001310135613921439145314641329-9.2%3.1%1.5%Vietnam332361371380391437466492525557491-11.9%6.2%0.5%OtherAsiaPacific310320331349374424426438464479472-1.6%6.1%0.5%TotalAsiaPacific2796328807299863062931157325573379534948356523609434003-5.8%3.3%37.3%TotalWorld88392894149053292055928689509196746985259986510036991078-9.3%1.6%100.0%ofwhich:OECD4691646386459754603745658464084694747477479644766841761-12.4%0.3%45.9%Non-OECD4147643028445574601847210486834979951048519015270149318-6.4%3.1%54.1%EuropeanUnion1228211935114831124311057112281140711656117101166610149-13.0%-0.5%11.1%Inlanddemandplusinternationalaviationandmarinebunkersandrefineryfuelandloss.Consumptionofbiogasoline(suchasethanol),biodieselandderivativesofcoalandnaturalgasarealsoincluded.◆Lessthan0.05%.Note:Differencesbetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,consumptionofnon-petroleumadditivesandsubstitutefuels,andunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofoilsupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.23bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:ConsumptioninthousandsofbarrelsperdayThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada23862400242424192419244224522423250125372282-10.0%1.1%2.6%Mexico20402065208320341960193919501883183616981312-22.7%-1.7%1.5%US1832217997175861801118131185241862218878194471947517178-11.8%0.8%19.4%TotalNorthAmerica2274722462220932246522510229062302523184237842371020772-12.4%0.6%23.5%Argentina585612647688678694675670640563503-10.7%0.2%0.6%Brazil22712432250926552725255824332481239224382323-4.8%1.6%2.6%Chile343371376362353355377364379379347-8.6%-0.1%0.4%Colombia252259279277292312320313322337275-18.5%3.4%0.3%Ecuador220226233247260254239236255249202-18.7%2.7%0.2%Peru191211212222221235251259268275210-23.8%4.4%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago4542404541454744413938-2.6%-1.2%◆Venezuela739721785835746697537493410296242-18.3%-8.3%0.3%OtherS.&Cent.America11621190117911581162122712711277129313141137-13.5%1.3%1.3%TotalS.&Cent.America58096065626064916478637761516136600058895274-10.4%0.6%6.0%Austria261244244252242241249252255265230-13.3%0.7%0.3%Belgium663624602624620640644653692650476-26.8%0.2%0.5%CzechRepublic189191189181192184172205207209182-13.1%0.5%0.2%Finland206199192207196195206199201196178-9.1%-0.1%0.2%France17031666160915961544154415291540153815281305-14.6%-1.4%1.5%Germany23732294227623362273226923072374225522702045-9.9%-0.3%2.3%Greece366350305282281294293298294304244-19.7%-2.8%0.3%Hungary142138129129142153152164175177164-7.3%1.6%0.2%Italy15081465136712611196126412551274130012591054-16.2%-2.0%1.2%Netherlands957962916889856826843818843807746-7.5%-1.5%0.8%Norway227222215226216219210211222212206-2.5%-0.4%0.2%Poland577574552520521542594646663679637-6.1%2.1%0.7%Portugal265249225235241238242240239247202-18.0%-0.9%0.2%Romania181186186170184186195206212221216-2.2%1.4%0.2%Spain13961330123711691165120912521260128612871050-18.4%-1.1%1.2%Sweden315295292291285279289287273291260-10.7%-0.8%0.3%Switzerland242234238249224226214219212216179-17.3%-1.8%0.2%Turkey6946727027487719159731022989996903-9.3%3.5%1.0%Ukraine284283287265244212225233240244232-4.9%-2.1%0.3%UnitedKingdom15931561150814901491153815871594156915311192-22.2%-0.6%1.3%OtherEurope12041175112111031099114411881234124312391085-12.4%0.1%1.2%TotalEurope1534414914143931422313980143191461914929149081482612788-13.8%-0.4%14.5%Azerbaijan72899210199100989910410492-11.8%3.7%0.1%Belarus149172210143163139136137151144132-8.5%-2.3%0.1%Kazakhstan206270288297304364344385409387379-2.0%6.8%0.4%RussianFederation28783074311931633300319732653271332033933238-4.6%2.0%3.7%Turkmenistan118125129137143145143144145149142-4.8%3.4%0.2%Uzbekistan9280778880808487959886-12.6%0.1%0.1%OtherCIS6365757876788682969179-12.3%3.6%0.1%TotalCIS35783873399140084165410241564205432043674149-5.0%2.2%4.7%Iran16851715176318761764158215851644171718411715-6.8%0.4%1.9%Iraq569628665715680686757723704716628-12.4%3.0%0.7%Israel241254295223214226230255250254213-16.1%0.9%0.2%Kuwait480467467477488467449470468446411-7.8%0.5%0.5%Oman135146157178185184187224232240209-12.7%7.3%0.2%Qatar186244260302312357371337348375296-21.0%8.3%0.3%SaudiArabia31243285345134443760387938653799361736353544-2.5%2.6%4.0%UnitedArabEmirates653723767849858949103410171015969798-17.7%4.9%0.9%OtherMiddleEast723714677625625544523531529535507-5.3%-3.7%0.6%TotalMiddleEast77968176850286908885887390029000887990118321-7.7%2.0%9.4%Algeria329349370387401425412408416430366-14.9%2.8%0.4%Egypt749707733743795820840786731734659-10.2%0.3%0.7%Morocco258275277282272268275290286292261-10.5%2.2%0.3%SouthAfrica525532542552544601576576574567490-13.5%1.2%0.6%OtherAfrica16051519163217271737176418031896203720751783-14.1%3.1%2.0%TotalAfrica34673383355336913749387739063956404540983559-13.1%2.2%4.0%Australia892933961992994985988103010411031890-13.7%1.6%1.0%Bangladesh81104110108120127138156178176154-12.2%9.3%0.2%China939097391017010668111201206612499131371357614005142251.6%5.4%16.1%ChinaHongKongSAR359360344352336367380428435408285-30.2%2.1%0.3%India33083475367437173832414745444724497451484669-9.3%4.8%5.3%Indonesia14431579166316571642155215081610164916261230-24.4%1.9%1.4%Japan44244412467644964279411339883953382436893268-11.4%-1.7%3.7%Malaysia688724757803802751838801801841728-13.5%2.2%0.8%NewZealand148152150152155161165175175178148-17.1%1.9%0.2%Pakistan411414402442458505566589498446437-1.9%0.7%0.5%Philippines307292301316336384413445450459378-17.7%4.5%0.4%Singapore11571208120212171259132913721406143114011332-4.9%2.9%1.5%SouthKorea23122331239624022398250326962738272027032560-5.3%1.8%2.9%SriLanka879295829290105114114123104-15.6%3.5%0.1%Taiwan10769949861022105210771083106710741022973-4.7%-0.1%1.1%Thailand11041167122512661270131313471390140014051271-9.5%2.9%1.4%Vietnam332361371380391437466492525557491-11.9%6.2%0.6%OtherAsiaPacific310320331349374424426438464479472-1.6%6.1%0.5%TotalAsiaPacific2782828658298153042130911323323352334690353303569833615-5.8%3.2%38.0%TotalWorld8656887530886078998890677927879438196099972659759888477-9.3%1.5%100.0%ofwhich:OECD4568445074446284465644239449504542645916463724605640282-12.5%0.2%45.5%Non-OECD4088442456439794533346438478364895450184508925154248195-6.5%3.0%54.5%EuropeanUnion119981163211154109541074810911110901131811348112989774-13.5%-0.7%11.0%Inlanddemandplusinternationalaviationandmarinebunkersandrefineryfuelandloss.Consumptionofbiogasoline(suchasethanol),biodieselandderivativesofcoalandnaturalgasareexcluded.Derivativesofcoalandnaturalgasareincluded.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Differencesbetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,consumptionofnon-petroleumadditivesandsubstitutefuels,andunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofoilsupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.24bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:ConsumptioninexajoulesExajoules20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada4.574.584.644.614.614.624.614.574.734.784.26-11.1%0.9%2.5%Mexico3.913.974.043.933.753.703.733.593.513.242.46-24.0%-1.8%1.4%US35.6134.9134.1134.7034.9435.6635.9236.2837.1437.1332.54-12.6%0.6%18.7%TotalNorthAmerica44.0843.4642.7843.2443.3043.9944.2744.4445.3845.1539.27-13.3%0.4%22.6%Argentina1.181.221.301.381.371.391.351.341.271.151.03-10.1%0.5%0.6%Brazil4.544.834.985.265.435.094.834.904.724.814.61-4.5%1.5%2.7%Chile0.690.760.760.730.710.720.760.730.760.760.69-9.1%-0.3%0.4%Colombia0.510.520.570.560.590.630.650.630.650.680.55-19.0%3.5%0.3%Ecuador0.450.460.470.500.530.510.480.470.510.490.40-19.8%2.5%0.2%Peru0.380.420.420.440.430.460.490.510.520.540.40-24.9%4.1%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago0.100.090.090.100.090.090.100.090.090.080.08-3.2%-1.2%◆Venezuela1.511.461.591.711.521.421.081.000.820.590.48-18.6%-8.4%0.3%OtherS.&Cent.America2.452.512.502.432.442.572.672.662.692.742.37-13.7%1.1%1.4%TotalS.&Cent.America11.8012.2712.6713.1213.1112.9012.4212.3312.0411.8410.62-10.6%0.5%6.1%Austria0.550.510.510.530.500.500.520.530.530.550.48-13.4%0.5%0.3%Belgium1.381.291.241.281.261.301.321.341.421.330.93-30.2%◆0.5%CzechRepublic0.380.390.380.370.390.380.350.420.420.420.37-12.6%0.4%0.2%Finland0.420.410.390.410.390.390.410.400.400.390.35-9.4%-0.4%0.2%France3.533.453.343.293.193.193.173.183.173.142.68-15.1%-1.5%1.5%Germany4.894.734.704.804.674.674.764.874.634.664.21-9.9%-0.3%2.4%Greece0.770.740.640.590.590.610.610.630.620.640.51-20.0%-2.9%0.3%Hungary0.280.280.260.260.280.300.300.330.350.350.33-7.4%1.5%0.2%Italy3.072.982.782.542.422.562.542.572.632.552.13-16.6%-2.1%1.2%Netherlands1.941.971.871.771.691.651.711.641.681.641.51-8.0%-1.5%0.9%Norway0.440.430.420.440.410.420.400.400.410.390.37-4.9%-0.9%0.2%Poland1.161.161.111.041.041.091.201.301.331.361.28-5.8%2.1%0.7%Portugal0.540.510.460.480.490.480.490.490.490.500.41-18.4%-1.0%0.2%Romania0.370.380.380.350.380.380.400.420.430.450.44-1.9%1.4%0.3%Spain2.942.812.622.472.462.542.632.642.692.702.21-18.4%-1.1%1.3%Sweden0.660.610.600.590.580.570.590.580.550.590.55-8.1%-1.0%0.3%Switzerland0.500.480.490.510.460.470.440.450.430.440.37-17.1%-1.8%0.2%Turkey1.371.341.411.511.551.851.982.072.002.011.82-9.4%3.6%1.0%Ukraine0.570.570.580.530.480.430.450.460.470.480.45-5.2%-2.4%0.3%UnitedKingdom3.203.143.053.003.003.083.183.193.153.082.39-22.8%-0.5%1.4%OtherEurope2.532.472.362.312.302.402.492.582.602.592.28-12.5%0.1%1.3%TotalEurope31.5030.6429.6229.0728.5329.2529.9330.4730.4130.2726.07-14.1%-0.5%15.0%Azerbaijan0.140.170.180.200.200.200.200.200.210.210.18-12.6%3.7%0.1%Belarus0.310.360.440.300.340.290.290.290.320.300.28-8.5%-2.5%0.2%Kazakhstan0.420.550.590.600.620.730.690.770.810.760.75-1.6%6.5%0.4%RussianFederation5.776.166.266.306.606.346.486.466.566.726.39-5.1%1.9%3.7%Turkmenistan0.240.250.260.270.280.280.280.280.280.290.28-5.3%3.0%0.2%Uzbekistan0.190.160.150.170.150.150.160.160.180.190.16-13.6%-0.5%0.1%OtherCIS0.130.130.150.150.150.150.170.160.190.180.16-12.9%3.2%0.1%TotalCIS7.207.798.047.998.348.168.268.328.558.648.19-5.5%2.1%4.7%Iran3.373.433.543.773.503.093.073.133.273.533.31-6.5%-0.2%1.9%Iraq1.161.281.361.461.391.401.551.481.451.471.29-12.5%3.0%0.7%Israel0.480.510.600.440.420.450.460.500.490.500.42-16.1%0.7%0.2%Kuwait0.910.880.880.900.920.880.840.880.880.830.76-8.6%0.3%0.4%Oman0.280.290.320.360.370.380.390.460.470.480.42-13.0%7.2%0.2%Qatar0.290.360.380.460.480.570.600.540.550.600.45-25.4%8.5%0.3%SaudiArabia5.746.036.346.366.987.247.166.996.606.676.51-2.6%2.5%3.7%UnitedArabEmirates1.341.441.511.681.671.821.971.951.941.861.51-18.9%4.1%0.9%OtherMiddleEast1.491.471.391.281.281.111.071.091.081.091.03-5.4%-3.8%0.6%TotalMiddleEast15.0515.6916.3216.7117.0216.9217.1117.0116.7317.0315.71-8.0%1.6%9.0%Algeria0.650.690.740.770.800.850.830.810.830.850.72-15.3%2.8%0.4%Egypt1.521.431.491.511.631.681.721.601.471.481.33-10.4%0.2%0.8%Morocco0.520.550.560.560.530.520.540.570.550.560.50-11.4%1.9%0.3%SouthAfrica1.081.101.131.151.131.251.201.191.191.171.02-13.7%1.2%0.6%OtherAfrica3.303.113.353.543.563.613.693.864.144.213.62-14.3%2.9%2.1%TotalAfrica7.086.887.267.537.657.917.978.038.188.287.19-13.4%2.1%4.1%Australia1.791.881.942.002.011.992.002.092.132.111.83-13.5%1.8%1.1%Bangladesh0.170.220.230.230.260.270.300.330.380.380.33-12.2%9.5%0.2%China18.9919.6820.6321.5422.3924.2425.0626.2027.0627.9428.501.7%5.3%16.4%ChinaHongKongSAR0.770.770.740.750.720.780.810.920.930.870.61-29.8%2.1%0.4%India6.606.917.337.387.598.208.999.269.689.999.02-9.9%4.5%5.2%Indonesia2.903.163.333.293.253.052.963.153.223.162.34-26.2%1.5%1.3%Japan8.788.789.378.958.508.167.947.827.587.326.49-11.5%-1.7%3.7%Malaysia1.291.381.451.541.541.431.601.511.521.591.38-13.9%2.2%0.8%NewZealand0.300.310.310.310.320.330.340.360.360.360.30-17.3%1.9%0.2%Pakistan0.880.880.860.940.971.061.181.221.020.900.88-2.5%0.2%0.5%Philippines0.620.590.610.640.680.770.830.890.890.910.75-18.2%4.3%0.4%Singapore2.572.682.672.692.762.913.023.103.143.052.93-4.0%2.7%1.7%SouthKorea4.484.514.654.644.624.845.225.275.225.164.90-5.3%1.7%2.8%SriLanka0.180.190.200.170.190.180.210.230.230.250.21-16.2%3.1%0.1%Taiwan2.121.961.941.992.062.112.122.092.091.981.89-5.0%-0.2%1.1%Thailand2.072.162.262.342.352.442.542.602.612.622.39-9.3%2.7%1.4%Vietnam0.670.730.740.760.780.870.930.971.041.100.98-11.7%6.0%0.6%OtherAsiaPacific0.640.660.680.710.760.860.860.880.940.960.94-2.4%5.8%0.5%TotalAsiaPacific55.8157.4659.9460.8861.7264.5066.9168.9170.0370.6766.68-5.9%3.0%38.4%TotalWorld172.53174.19176.64178.54179.65183.63186.87189.50191.33191.89173.73-9.7%1.4%100.0%ofwhich:OECD90.5089.2688.5388.0287.0788.4389.5390.2090.8690.1678.52-13.1%◆45.2%Non-OECD82.0284.9388.1090.5292.5895.2097.3499.30100.46101.7395.21-6.7%2.8%54.8%EuropeanUnion24.7824.0223.0522.4722.0222.3822.8123.2023.2523.1720.03-13.8%-0.8%11.5%Inlanddemandplusinternationalaviationandmarinebunkersandrefineryfuelandloss.Consumptionofbiogasoline(suchasethanol),biodieselandderivativesofcoalandnaturalgasareexcluded.Derivativesofcoalandnaturalgasareincluded.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Differencesbetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,consumptionofnon-petroleumadditivesandsubstitutefuels,andunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofoilsupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.Oilconsumptiondataexpressedinmilliontonnesisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.25bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Worldoilproductionfellforthefirsttimesince2009by6.6millionb/din2020drivenbybothOPEC(-4.3millionb/d)andnon-OPEC(-2.3millionb/d).Countrywise,Russia(-1millionb/d),Libya(-920,000b/d)andSaudiArabia(-790,000b/d).Productiononlyincreasedinafewcountries,mainlyNorway(260,000b/d)andBrazil(150,000b/d).Oilconsumptionalsodroppedforthefirsttimesince2009byamassive9.1millionb/d.ThedeclinewasinboththeOECD(-5.8millionb/d)andthenon-OECD(-3.3millionb/d).TheUS(-2.3millionb/d),theEuropeanUnion(-1.5millionb/d)andIndia(-480,000b/d)reportedthelargestdeclines.Chinawasoneofthefewcountrieswheredemandincreasedin2020(220,000b/d).100907080205040306010AsiaPacificAfricaMiddleEastCISEuropeS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmerica9505001510200Oil:ProductionbyregionMillionbarrelsdaily0100907080205040306010950500151020Oil:ConsumptionbyregionMillionbarrelsdailyOil:Consumptionpercapita2020GJpercapita0-2020-4040-6060-100>10026bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:Regionalconsumption–byproductgroupThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19NorthAmericaEthaneandLPG302230983116329332303314338034103744380938741.7%2.8%18.6%Naphtha379366332379350337329285291263228-13.4%-1.4%1.1%Gasoline96969432935694929566980199679945994998998456-14.6%0.1%40.7%Jet/kerosene16181604158216311676176718421920196420001199-40.0%2.4%5.8%Diesel/gasoil49405010479048145032498647944880514450354554-9.6%0.7%21.9%Fueloil803727657580451423472517472396304-23.1%-7.1%1.5%Others22892226225922762206227722402227221923092158-6.6%0.2%10.4%TotalNorthAmerica2274722462220932246522510229062302523184237842371020772-12.4%0.6%100.0%ofwhich:USEthaneandLPG216222122239244123842446246825272875293529841.7%3.7%17.4%Naphtha256254236270231223219228233207185-10.8%-1.7%1.1%Gasoline81687926785879938056828083948393840083727222-13.7%0.1%42.0%Jet/kerosene14521438140314401479155516231687171217501086-38.0%2.2%6.3%Diesel/gasoil39954022381638384060400538453925413340943756-8.3%0.7%21.9%Fueloil532459367317256258325341317275217-21.1%-5.9%1.3%Others17561685166617111665175717491776177718411729-6.1%0.7%10.1%TotalUS1832217997175861801118131185241862218878194471947517178-11.8%0.8%100.0%S.&Cent.AmericaEthaneandLPG640675712715707695711716715674667-1.0%0.4%12.7%Naphtha187184185161156168154171150179156-13.1%-0.2%3.0%Gasoline12581382145015041526148815161525144313771153-16.3%1.6%21.9%Jet/kerosene270284297303322326330331346352190-46.0%3.6%3.6%Diesel/gasoil20292120221923262317228922132204221722202104-5.2%1.8%39.9%Fueloil709688698677689684624561525518477-8.0%-3.4%9.0%Others716732699805761727604628604568527-7.2%-1.8%10.0%TotalS.&Cent.America58096065626064916478637761516136600058895274-10.4%0.6%100.0%ofwhich:BrazilEthaneandLPG267290300316307296299305304305302-1.1%1.7%13.0%Naphtha173168169147142155145163142171149-13.0%0.2%6.4%Gasoline393468514549575522541556483481449-6.5%3.9%19.4%Jet/kerosene10812012612512912711611512412061-49.3%2.5%2.6%Diesel/gasoil84990196110091034986933944959987988◆3.0%42.5%Fueloil1521261261391611491121109091943.8%-6.5%4.1%Others329359315371376323287287290282279-1.1%-1.1%12.0%TotalBrazil22712432250926552725255824332481239224382323-4.8%1.6%100.0%EuropeEthaneandLPG10211010100311231147116012071241126012081131-6.4%1.6%8.8%Naphtha11199969639479068818979218377828123.8%-2.9%6.3%Gasoline23012201208420151983193219351939200820371768-13.2%-1.8%13.8%Jet/kerosene1249125312261247127813471391147415421571737-53.1%2.3%5.8%Diesel/gasoil63816256613762006105639664966642659766206077-8.2%0.5%47.5%Fueloil1325127711581033959914953967979941661-29.7%-4.3%5.2%Others19471921182316581601168917401745168616671602-3.9%-1.7%12.5%TotalEurope1534414914143931422313980143191461914929149081482612788-13.8%-0.4%100.0%ofwhich:EuropeanUnionEthaneandLPG667662677786796781798822838799720-9.9%1.9%7.4%Naphtha10459318968848488088178357627007425.9%-3.3%7.6%Gasoline16731602151614701466144114491463154315731377-12.5%-1.2%14.1%Jet/kerosene82583681781782485889896110121036463-55.3%2.4%4.7%Diesel/gasoil50874947478248104713491349735068503650774673-7.9%0.1%47.8%Fueloil114811061003885820784822825852824568-31.0%-3.9%5.8%Others15531547146313021280132713341344130512871230-4.5%-2.1%12.6%TotalEuropeanUnion119981163211154109541074810911110901131811348112989774-13.5%-0.7%100.0%CISEthaneandLPG3874424684214184394564764885235648.0%2.8%13.6%Naphtha1931911761191151251261381561511510.2%-1.7%3.6%Gasoline97198410311075108710691063105610671052971-7.8%1.3%23.4%Jet/kerosene280312317313291271350391362345293-15.0%2.7%7.1%Diesel/gasoil87097098510961137115010601111116611911126-5.4%4.2%27.2%Fueloil332354352398467380401340357376323-14.1%1.0%7.8%Others545620661586649668700694724729720-1.3%2.0%17.4%TotalCIS35783873399140084165410241564205432043674149-5.0%2.2%100.0%MiddleEastEthaneandLPG15781736184418061892192320502106214120762047-1.4%4.8%24.6%Naphtha2582913002753333353353423063653680.9%3.5%4.4%Gasoline13791416149515871613163916781785182318521521-17.9%3.3%18.3%Jet/kerosene437428442504488575601573558588282-52.1%2.8%3.4%Diesel/gasoil18521971204621212057190017981704167717731732-2.3%-0.4%20.8%Fueloil191819472010203621232064203820431964192519963.7%0.6%24.0%Others374386365361379437502447411432376-12.9%0.2%4.5%TotalMiddleEast77968176850286908885887390029000887990118321-7.7%2.0%100.0%AfricaEthaneandLPG363373381387388386396414430439432-1.6%2.3%12.1%Naphtha277346567776-10.3%-13.7%0.2%Gasoline8108108668808989751043108011821204999-17.1%4.5%28.1%Jet/kerosene320304308319301261254261263262161-38.6%-1.2%4.5%Diesel/gasoil13121323138014801539163416051636164316791522-9.3%3.2%42.8%Fueloil442379429428427418410379338321275-14.6%-2.8%7.7%Others192187186194192198192179183186165-11.2%-1.0%4.6%TotalAfrica34673383355336913749387739063956404540983559-13.1%2.2%100.0%◆Lessthan0.05%.Tablecontinuesonnextpage.27bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:Regionalconsumption–byproductgroup(continued)Thousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19AsiaPacificEthaneandLPG27572872295830583228336937454012422242914240-1.2%5.0%12.6%Naphtha350435233690382339754228428744604494453145340.1%3.5%13.5%Gasoline46194796507554565579610763436550676669916458-7.6%4.9%19.2%Jet/kerosene22082216224823192361244125842720283128351925-32.1%3.3%5.7%Diesel/gasoil77678115852486178646884388479068922392838650-6.8%2.4%25.7%Fueloil305331053225296828012812286627372574232823581.3%-2.6%7.0%Others391940304094417943224532485151445220543954510.2%4.6%16.2%TotalAsiaPacific2782828658298153042130911323323352334690353303569833615-5.8%3.2%100.0%ofwhich:ChinaEthaneandLPG6776916897718841028120713511408140314583.9%8.2%10.2%Naphtha77881186891410321115118812771338144415698.7%9.2%11.0%Gasoline15911738186321432236260127072813298331112942-5.4%8.2%20.7%Jet/kerosene437459495546588654731821903956795-16.9%10.2%5.6%Diesel/gasoil300531963453350335063540342034273435343035012.1%2.2%24.6%Fueloil66658856056458462259355555656364414.5%-1.6%4.5%Others223522572243222722902505265328952953309833167.0%5.6%23.3%TotalChina939097391017010668111201206612499131371357614005142251.6%5.4%100.0%ofwhich:IndiaEthaneandLPG490534548558613661750858971104710560.9%8.6%22.6%Naphtha23124326225024028528823823822525011.2%-1.3%5.4%Gasoline288302321353382441490539575621553-11.0%9.1%11.8%Jet/kerosene301300279274276280274249254235132-44.0%-2.4%2.8%Diesel/gasoil12161299140414081416149115711627170117281477-14.5%4.3%31.6%Fueloil199178147117107113136122120114110-3.3%-6.5%2.4%Others58361871375679887510351092111511781092-7.3%7.0%23.4%TotalIndia33083475367437173832414745444724497451484669-9.3%4.8%100.0%ofwhich:JapanEthaneandLPG492496536508492443419424402352324-7.8%-3.5%9.9%Naphtha677632614666637680642675621632574-9.2%◆17.6%Gasoline1001974975945915905896881865842774-8.1%-1.6%23.7%Jet/kerosene550527539528516495504514499486367-24.4%-1.1%11.2%Diesel/gasoil841816821817803786786782782771722-6.4%-0.8%22.1%Fueloil442577824646532433371284269210190-9.5%-7.3%5.8%Others422391367387384373370393388397317-20.1%-0.7%9.7%TotalJapan44244412467644964279411339883953382436893268-11.4%-1.7%100.0%WorldEthaneandLPG976910207104831080311009112871194512374129981302012955-0.5%3.5%14.6%Naphtha56665558564957085841607961336324624062786255-0.4%1.9%7.1%Gasoline2103421022213582200922251230112354523881242372441221325-12.6%1.6%24.1%Jet/kerosene63846401642066366717698873527670786579534787-39.8%2.6%5.4%Diesel/gasoil2515025764260812665526832271982681327243276692780125765-7.3%1.5%29.1%Fueloil85838477852981187917769577647544720968056393-6.0%-2.4%7.2%Others998210102100871006010109105281082811063110461133010998-2.9%1.7%12.4%TotalWorld8656887530886078998890677927879438196099972659759888477-9.3%1.5%100.0%OECDEthaneandLPG49244968500852655190522253565408574157315686-0.8%1.8%14.1%Naphtha30992986298730573000304230473145299128842726-5.5%◆6.8%Gasoline1350013111129431301113044132671345413428134871345911615-13.7%-0.2%28.8%Jet/kerosene37773744371637813851400641604340445345102565-43.1%2.0%6.4%Diesel/gasoil1285512838125661266512790130671299313244134731337912250-8.4%0.7%30.4%Fueloil27892769284824492097193219861903185016371282-21.7%-5.7%3.2%Others47414658456144284267441544304448437844574159-6.7%-0.7%10.3%TotalOECD4568445074446284465644239449504542645916463724605640282-12.5%0.2%100.0%Non-OECDEthaneandLPG48455239547555375819606565896966725872897269-0.3%5.1%15.1%Naphtha256725712662265128423037308631793249339435294.0%3.8%7.3%Gasoline753479118415899992089744100911045310751109549710-11.4%4.5%20.1%Jet/kerosene26072656270528542866298231923330341234432222-35.5%3.5%4.6%Diesel/gasoil1229612926135151399014042141311381914000141961442213515-6.3%2.2%28.0%Fueloil57945709568156705820576357785641535951675111-1.1%-1.0%10.6%Others52415444552656325842611363986615666868736839-0.5%3.5%14.2%TotalNon-OECD4088442456439794533346438478364895450184508925154248195-6.5%3.0%100.0%◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Gasolineincludesmotorandaviationgasoline,gasolinesandlightdistillatefeedstock(LDF).Diesel/gasoilincludesmarinegasoil.‘Fueloil’includesmarinebunkersandcrudeoiluseddirectlyforfuel.‘Others’consistsofrefinerygas,solvents,petroleumcoke,lubricants,bitumen,wax,otherrefinedproductsandrefineryfuelandloss.Gasolineandnaphthabelongtothecategory‘LightDistillates’.Diesel/gasoilandjet/kerosenemakeup‘MiddleDistillates’.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.28bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021SpotcrudepricesUSdollarsperbarrelDubai$/bblBrent$/bbl†NigerianForcados$/bblWestTexasIntermediate$/bbl‡198527.5327.5627.7527.98198613.1014.4314.4615.05198716.9518.4418.3919.19198813.1814.9215.0015.98198915.5918.2318.3019.67199020.2123.7323.8524.46199116.7020.0020.1121.53199217.1819.3219.6120.57199314.9916.9717.4118.45199414.6915.8216.2517.21199516.0817.0217.2618.42199619.2620.6721.1622.16199718.3119.0919.3320.61199812.3012.7212.6314.39199916.9017.9717.9819.31200026.2728.5028.4230.37200122.7824.4424.2325.93200223.6025.0225.0426.16200326.7528.8328.6831.06200433.5138.2738.1341.49200546.7854.5255.6956.59200661.4865.1467.0766.04200767.9272.3974.4872.20200894.2897.26101.43100.06200961.1461.6763.3561.92201077.7879.5081.0579.452011105.93111.26113.6595.042012109.06111.67114.2194.132013105.47108.66111.9597.99201497.0298.95101.3593.28201551.2252.3954.4148.71201641.0243.7344.5443.34201753.0254.1954.3150.79201870.1571.3172.4765.20201963.7164.2164.9557.03202042.4141.8442.3139.251973-1985ArabianLight,1986-2020Dubaidated.Source:S&PGlobalPlatts,©2020,S&PGlobalInc.†1976-1983Forties,1984-2020Brentdated.‡1976-1983PostedWTIprices,1984-2020SpotWTI(Cushing)prices.1861-1944USaverage.1945-1983ArabianLightpostedatRasTanura.1984-2020Brentdated.$2020(deflatedusingtheConsumerPriceIndexfortheUS)$moneyofthedayEastTexasfielddiscovered1861-691870-791880-891890-991900-091910-191920-291930-391940-491950-591960-691970-791980-891990-992000-092010-192020-29DiscoveryofSpindletop,TexasPost-warreconstructionSuezcrisisIranianrevolutionIraqinvadedKuwaitGrowthofVenezuelanproductionLossofIraniansuppliesNetbackpricingintroducedAsianfinancialcrisisYomKippurwarRussianoilexportsbeganSumatraproductionbeganFearsofshortageinUSPennsylvanianoilboomInvasionofIraq‘ArabSpring’Covid-191020304050607080901001101401201300Crudeoilprices1861-2020USdollarsperbarrelWorldevents29bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Note:Therefiningmarginspresentedarebenchmarkmarginsforthreemajorglobalrefiningcentres.USGulfCoast(USGC),NorthWestEurope(NWE–Rotterdam)andSingapore.Ineachcasetheyarebasedonasinglecrudeoilappropriateforthatregionandhaveoptimizedproductyieldsbasedonagenericrefineryconfiguration(cracking,hydrocrackingorcoking),againappropriateforthatregion.Themarginsareonasemi-variablebasis,i.e.themarginafterallvariablecostsandfixedenergycosts.Globalrefinerythroughputdroppedby7.4millionb/d(-9.0%)in2020reflectingtheweaknessindemandforoilproducts.Thisisthelargestfallincruderunsonrecord,surpassingthepreviousrecord-5.4%fallin1981.ReducedrunswereseeninallregionsandweregreatestinNorthAmerica(-2.6millionb/d,-13.6%),andEurope(-1.5millionb/d,-11.8%).Refiningcapacityrosebyjust0.2millionb/d,withadditionsinAsiabeingoffsetbyclosuresintheUSandEurope.Asaresult,globalrefineryutilizationalsofelldramaticallyby8.0percentagepointsto74.1%,thelargestannualdeclineonrecord.UtilizationinSouthandCentralAmericaandAfricafelltonewall-timelowsof53.3%and54.6%respectively.10111213141516171819201009060705080NorthAmericaS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeCISMiddleEastAfricaAsiaPacificWorldRefineryutilizationPercentage(basedonaverageannualcapacity)1011121314151617182019-52520151050USGCMediumSourCokingNWELightSweetCrackingSingaporeMediumSourHydrocrackingRegionalrefiningmarginsUSdollarsperbarrelOilproductprices(Rotterdam)USdollarsperbarrelSource:S&PGlobalPlatts,©2021,S&PGlobalInc.02040608010012014016005060708091011121314151617191820GasolineGasoilHighsulphurfueloilProductdifferentialstocrude(RotterdamproductsminusDatedBrent)USdollarsperbarrelSource:S&PGlobalPlatts,©2021,S&PGlobalInc.-50-40-30-20-1001020403005060708091011121314151617191820GasolineGasoilHighsulphurfueloil30bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:RefinerythroughputThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada17701681175317191615164015941757165318221585-13.0%0.5%2.1%Mexico118411661199122311551064933767612592591-0.2%-6.7%0.8%US1472414806149991531215848161881618716590169691656314212-14.2%1.5%18.8%TotalNorthAmerica1767817653179511825418618188921871419114192341897716387-13.6%1.0%21.7%Argentina531516530527526536511500470476417-12.4%-1.1%0.6%Brazil178718131889203520851972181217411733175117691.0%-0.2%2.3%Chile159173164174174165163172172186177-4.8%-0.3%0.2%Colombia300306305284247244339355383384330-14.1%2.4%0.4%Curacao6416416517018917815684294–-100.0%-31.4%–Ecuador137156152141125121150156159142116-18.1%-0.9%0.2%Peru201193190186188188194213209192105-45.2%-0.3%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago12613710713210512514813199––n/a-100.0%–Venezuela969991936952920863654544306135123-8.9%-17.8%0.2%OtherS.&Cent.America7007043262862772752312012492412503.4%-11.2%0.3%TotalS.&Cent.America49745153476448874836466743594097380835123288-6.4%-3.9%4.4%Austria158168170174173179164162180183161-12.1%0.8%0.2%Belgium668598634555645644640685663693544-21.5%1.0%0.7%Bulgaria11010211811310412112513611813798-28.4%0.9%0.1%CzechRepublic159143145134151145109158151158122-22.9%0.6%0.2%Denmark146137153144139147140151152154142-7.3%-0.2%0.2%Finland211225215227225197226226233240219-8.6%0.9%0.3%France131413131138111710961152112211491085978662-32.3%-3.9%0.9%Germany19151876190118571833187518871870177517631701-3.5%-1.4%2.3%Greece393331410399416436464483489462445-3.7%3.0%0.6%Hungary128132122120131130133131141137135-1.6%0.7%0.2%Italy16731570147512591198134712931399134613551115-17.7%-1.7%1.5%Lithuania190189181192160170187197195191167-12.6%0.9%0.2%Netherlands11561115111010651090115711721180119212171134-6.8%1.0%1.5%Norway259289287292274293230281305265235-11.3%-0.5%0.3%Poland458482505488486532517508540546513-6.1%3.0%0.7%Portugal227206221239217278279284252223214-4.4%0.7%0.3%Romania217194182189194208228225232244206-15.5%-0.1%0.3%Slovakia1101201081161051191151121091031128.8%-1.1%0.1%Spain10601051118611681185130613021326136313181105-16.2%2.2%1.5%Sweden4063744173323804013953924063373493.6%-1.6%0.5%Turkey392394398421406526531542472675654-3.1%6.1%0.9%Ukraine24920610885696464775964685.9%-12.9%0.1%UnitedKingdom1395143313481197112511181071107310411044886-15.1%-3.2%1.2%OtherEurope184158132136128141148165166123112-8.7%-4.7%0.1%TotalEurope1332712953127931217312082128101266613032127871271511211-11.8%-0.5%14.8%Azerbaijan124127124132135130120118122124118-5.4%0.3%0.2%Belarus330411434425448462372364366359313-12.7%-1.9%0.4%Kazakhstan257326331341361342339355374392367-6.4%5.2%0.5%RussianFederation50185185543856365926577357155703586458245498-5.6%2.0%7.3%Turkmenistan170164156146136127118125117122118-3.4%-2.1%0.2%Uzbekistan7369626150575758706057-4.9%-3.7%0.1%OtherCIS332247891174-43.9%10.8%◆TotalCIS59756286654867427060689967306732692368896475-6.0%1.7%8.6%Bahrain265259263264257266258262260264222-16.1%0.3%0.3%Iran18301874193320001941186818751961202722362182-2.4%2.0%2.9%Iraq520543579598487409440527596611536-12.3%3.9%0.7%Israel217218220221226232213223238242193-20.2%0.9%0.3%Kuwait892852916873879905841686679663539-18.6%-2.7%0.7%Oman167201193187180190178232304257238-7.1%2.4%0.3%Qatar294278292270261253280379397396366-7.6%9.6%0.5%SaudiArabia19221884195318762201244727532802277026492326-12.2%3.2%3.1%UnitedArabEmirates57163563865064310981078111910961037871-16.0%7.7%1.2%OtherMiddleEast3813492682382301811441611531651660.6%-8.1%0.2%TotalMiddleEast70597092725471777306784780598351851985197639-10.3%2.3%10.1%Algeria548520478492615591584573601569557-2.2%1.8%0.7%Egypt5805235345145305305095085195626027.1%-0.6%0.8%Morocco11010311111110453–––––n/a-100.0%–Nigeria961089297642262814470-95.6%-17.1%◆SouthAfrica400393413422440453474447455453338-25.4%1.3%0.4%OtherAfrica701512586594444455459429446447328-26.5%-4.3%0.4%TotalAfrica24342160221422302197210320872038206520391826-10.5%-1.2%2.4%Australia606627600588538427433419474465388-16.5%-2.1%0.5%China8408868691999599101651082411304118441257413433138573.2%6.1%18.4%India38994085430244624475456149305010515451194493-12.2%3.5%6.0%Indonesia853880820822848836885885916918826-10.0%0.2%1.1%Japan36193410340034533289325832803214305930462492-18.2%-1.7%3.3%Malaysia470516575557552514574570566586491-16.2%0.6%0.6%NewZealand10010810910510110910710810311076-30.9%1.4%0.1%Pakistan190193192223232257242261275243210-13.8%1.5%0.3%Philippines181190170158168212216211237180106-41.1%2.0%0.1%Singapore97910351020936839901929994974930798-14.2%1.0%1.1%SouthKorea23902533258224842516278429283061303129222679-8.3%2.4%3.5%Taiwan876809897847850838861848889890726-18.5%-0.7%1.0%Thailand96393498610561005110710561093113110251005-2.0%0.9%1.3%Vietnam121137126148129155155141221276276-0.1%25.7%0.4%OtherAsiaPacific96100899895871031009813024184.8%3.0%0.3%TotalAsiaPacific2377524267250902556325826268962802628788297273030328685-5.3%3.1%38.0%TotalWorld7522375564766147702777925801138064182152830638295475512-9.0%1.3%100.0%ofwhich:OECD3763537321375833721237297383873827939096389053847833449-13.1%0.4%44.3%Non-OECD3758838244390313981540628417274236243056441584447642063-5.4%2.1%55.7%EuropeanUnion108411045210513100051002910670106271090710755105429240-12.4%-0.3%12.2%Atmosphericdistillationcapacityonacalendar-daybasis.Source:includesdatafromICIS.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.31bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:RefiningcapacityThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada191320052015192919291931193419701939205420650.5%0.4%2.0%Mexico14631606160616061522152215221546155815581558–0.6%1.5%US1773617367178231792517967183171861718598188081897418143-4.4%0.8%17.8%TotalNorthAmerica2111220977214432146021418217702207322113223052258621766-3.6%0.7%21.4%Argentina625625657657657657657657580580580–-0.7%0.6%Brazil19922014200420972238228122892285228522902290–1.4%2.2%Chile242250254254258258258258258258258–0.6%0.3%Colombia350336336336336421421421421421421–1.9%0.4%Curacao320320320320320320320320320320320––0.3%Ecuador175175175175175175175175175175175––0.2%Peru252252252253253253253253253253253–◆0.2%Trinidad&Tobago165165165165165165165165165165165––0.2%Venezuela13031303130313031303130313031303130313031303––1.3%OtherS.&Cent.America9341046420380395403403403403403403–-8.1%0.4%TotalS.&Cent.America63586486588659406100623662446240616361686168–-0.3%6.1%Austria201193193193193193193193193193193–-0.4%0.2%Belgium787788753776776776776776776776776–-0.1%0.8%Bulgaria195195195195195195195195195195195–0.8%0.2%CzechRepublic193193175175175175175175175175175–-1.0%0.2%Denmark189181181181180180180181181181181–-0.4%0.2%Finland261261261261261261261261261261261––0.3%France17021610151313751375137512451245124512451245–-3.9%1.2%Germany20912077209720612077204920512069208520852085–-1.2%2.0%Greece490495498498498528528528528528528–2.2%0.5%Hungary165165165165165165165165165165165––0.2%Italy23962276209818611900190019001900190019001900–-2.3%1.9%Lithuania241241241241241241241241241241241––0.2%Netherlands12741276127912791279129812981299129912911229-4.9%0.1%1.2%Norway316329342342342342342342342342342–0.8%0.3%Poland560580582582582581581568581581581–1.7%0.6%Portugal306306330330330330330330330330330–0.7%0.3%Romania247229214235228239256247254252252–-1.2%0.2%Slovakia122122122122122122122122122122122––0.1%Spain14211542154615461546156215621562156415861586–1.5%1.6%Sweden454454454454454454454454454454454––0.4%Turkey613596596596596596596596818822822–3.0%0.8%Ukraine686700314-258250250250250250250–-10.3%0.2%UnitedKingdom175717871526149813371337122712271227122712512.0%-3.5%1.2%OtherEurope490432460410410410410393355355311-12.5%-3.2%0.3%TotalEurope1737417244163151559115735157031548215460156831570015617-0.5%-1.2%15.3%Azerbaijan325325325325325325325205120120120–-9.5%0.1%Belarus460460460460460460460490520520520–1.2%0.5%Kazakhstan330330330350350350350360390400400–1.9%0.4%RussianFederation552756735767622963666472654365456551667667360.9%2.2%6.6%Turkmenistan251251251251251271271271271271271–0.8%0.3%Uzbekistan232232232232232232232232232232232––0.2%OtherCIS141316183544454848516119.3%12.2%0.1%TotalCIS713972847381786580198154822681518132827083400.8%1.7%8.2%Bahrain260260260260260260260260260260260––0.3%Iran19501950204220752075207520752220233024952475-0.8%2.5%2.4%Iraq914935971917791763779779849919919–0.7%0.9%Israel280292292294301301301301301301301–0.9%0.3%Kuwait9369369369369369369367367367368008.7%-2.4%0.8%Oman222222222222222222222304304304304–3.2%0.3%Qatar283283283283283283429429429429429–4.2%0.4%SaudiArabia21092107210725072899289929012826283529052905–3.3%2.8%UnitedArabEmirates7027077127127281149114912291229130713311.8%6.4%1.3%OtherMiddleEast496496496496496496496496496496496––0.5%TotalMiddleEast81528188832187028991938495489580976910152102200.7%2.3%10.0%Algeria554652652647651651651657657657657–1.7%0.6%Egypt810810810810810810810810795795795–-0.2%0.8%Morocco131131201201201201201201201201200-0.4%4.4%0.2%Nigeria321446446446449449449449454460460–7.7%0.5%SouthAfrica520520520520520520520520520520520––0.5%OtherAfrica97310141014724726726726706711711711–-3.1%0.7%TotalAfrica33093573364333473357335733573343333833443343◆0.4%3.3%Australia7407426636625364434524544544554560.1%-4.7%0.4%China12323130151368114503152531502414895152311565516199166913.0%3.6%16.4%India370337954279431943194307462046994972499450180.5%3.4%4.9%Indonesia109910991099109910991111111111111094111111271.4%0.1%1.1%Japan42914274425441233749372136003343334333433285-1.7%-3.2%3.2%Malaysia58260160661261261261862562562595552.8%0.9%0.9%NewZealand136136136136136136136136136136136––0.1%Pakistan2792792753903903893894014014014112.5%3.8%0.4%Philippines264261261270271271271271271271180-33.6%0.1%0.2%Singapore14271427142214141514151415141514151415141514–0.6%1.5%SouthKorea277428642878287831233128325932983346339335725.3%2.1%3.5%Taiwan1197119711971197119798898810831083108311314.4%-1.0%1.1%Thailand123012301230123712521252123512351235123512450.8%◆1.2%Vietnam162159159159159159163167367367367–8.5%0.4%OtherAsiaPacific1831841841901971971971971973573580.1%6.9%0.4%TotalAsiaPacific30427313023236333231338493329433490338083473535527364922.7%1.8%35.8%TotalWorld93871950549535396136974709789898420986961001251017481019470.2%0.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD4568045560453884489344501447874486944700451934554144804-1.6%-0.1%43.9%Non-OECD48191494944996551243529695311153550539955493356207571431.7%1.8%56.1%EuropeanUnion1354413432131431277712824128711276112757127581277012663-0.8%-0.8%12.4%Atmosphericdistillationcapacityatyearendonacalendar-daybasis.Source:includesdatafromICIS.◆Lessthan0.05%.32bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Oil:TrademovementsThousandbarrelsdaily20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19ImportsUS1168911338105879859924194511005610148994391427863-14.0%-2.2%12.1%Europe1240712489127211292012957139931435414700141511486612611-15.2%1.5%19.4%China5886629566756978739883339214102411102811826128658.8%8.8%19.8%India37493823416843704155438049454920519653945030-6.7%4.4%7.7%Japan45674494474346374383433241804142394037803310-12.4%-1.2%5.1%RestofWorld1704817634178122001221193220262377625663258532539723381-7.9%4.0%35.9%TotalWorld5534656072567065877659328625156652669814701117040465061-7.6%2.6%100.0%ExportsCanada25992798305632963536383638904241450046894427-5.6%6.4%6.8%Mexico15391487136613471293132313801290131612721252-1.6%-1.3%1.9%US215424952682356340334521507858887041809581170.3%15.3%12.5%S.&Cent.America35683755383037903939410741473958373934633455-0.2%-0.8%5.3%Europe19662139218125452467292630823392337531482742-12.9%4.3%4.2%Russia73977448745779487792831388148992811783807433-11.3%1.4%11.4%OtherCIS20392180196221662092210020962201202321352073-2.9%1.4%3.2%SaudiArabia75958120846883657911796886068404858184748027-5.3%1.5%12.3%MiddleEast(exSaudiArabia)1197612188117421224212699135371532116255161541492113915-6.7%2.4%21.4%NorthAfrica28781951260221271743170117272226242225511550-39.2%-1.4%2.4%WestAfrica47554759472445904849488044014531455747304244-10.3%0.4%6.5%AsiaPacific(exJapan)62266088629963076450678073567811773179927399-7.4%3.6%11.4%RestofWorld653663338491524525625625555555428-22.8%-8.4%0.7%TotalWorld5534656072567065877659328625156652669814701117040465061-7.6%2.6%100.0%Notes:Unlessotherwisestated,thistableshowsinter-regionaltradebasedontheregionalclassificationinthetable‘Oiltradein2019and2020’.Bunkerfueluseisnotincludedasexports.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountrieswithinEurope)areexcluded.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsdailyfigures.Oil:Inter-areamovements2020ToCrude(milliontonnes)FromCanadaMexicoUSS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeRussiaOtherCISMiddleEastAfricaAustralasiaChinaIndiaJapanSingaporeOtherAsiaPacificTotalCanada––179.70.54.7––†††3.21.0–†0.3189.3Mexico––32.80.18.4––0.1––0.48.00.1–7.056.8US21.3––8.557.9†0.11.90.23.319.810.72.02.726.9155.3S.&Cent.America0.4†30.3–12.3†–1.20.6–72.016.02.25.35.2145.7Europe0.9–2.10.7–†0.10.50.4†18.81.6–0.12.928.2Russia––3.70.4138.2–14.80.10.10.783.42.65.10.210.6260.0OtherCIS†–0.90.166.0†–7.10.90.26.33.60.90.36.993.2Iraq––8.90.344.9††1.01.4–60.147.30.51.013.6178.9Kuwait––1.0–2.5––†3.6–27.59.911.33.237.596.5SaudiArabia3.7–24.92.941.9–0.110.68.40.284.937.649.64.879.5349.1UAE––0.3†0.4†–†1.13.931.222.238.310.934.6142.7OtherMiddleEast–––†1.0–†5.70.10.253.112.911.57.915.3107.7NorthAfrica––0.91.031.8–0.10.9†2.03.44.50.51.14.751.0WestAfrica1.6–7.13.365.4††4.38.11.271.821.40.23.116.0203.7East&S.Africa†–0.4†0.3†–††–2.10.60.1†0.33.8Australasia†––††––0.2†–1.40.10.31.85.69.4China†––††–†††––0.10.10.20.71.1India–––††––†††–––††0.1Japan–––†––––††––––††Singapore–––†–––††0.2–†––1.51.7OtherAsiaPacific†–0.8††––0.40.56.817.84.01.03.4–34.6Totalimports27.9†293.717.8475.9†15.234.025.518.7557.2203.9123.546.1269.02108.6Product(milliontonnes)FromCanada–1.025.10.90.70.1††††1.1†1.20.20.330.5Mexico†–4.50.20.1–††0.2†††0.20.30.15.5US24.449.9–71.824.6††2.16.21.58.69.612.13.725.6240.2S.&Cent.America0.10.66.1–3.2††0.43.0†1.30.10.76.14.225.7Europe3.21.817.47.2–0.11.013.243.60.52.11.10.54.97.8104.4Russia0.2–22.31.257.5–1.02.93.0†3.01.31.13.99.5106.8OtherCIS††0.50.16.70.3–0.10.4†0.40.1††1.39.9Iraq––†††††0.5†–0.34.00.15.33.613.7Kuwait––0.4†1.7–†4.12.1†1.42.41.81.18.023.0SaudiArabia†–1.10.212.4††5.69.2†3.36.81.12.77.149.7UAE†–0.70.74.1††5.511.10.45.37.63.55.123.467.4OtherMiddleEast0.1†1.10.55.9†0.110.35.0†7.26.95.22.713.458.4NorthAfrica††1.70.812.6††0.80.5†2.30.30.81.83.825.4WestAfrica††0.80.92.0†††0.6†1.40.1†0.61.57.9East&S.Africa†††0.20.2††1.40.5††††0.10.22.7Australasia††–0.11.2††††–1.1†1.51.40.65.9China0.20.90.24.73.4†0.11.63.94.1–0.70.812.632.165.2India0.2–3.82.86.1††11.910.71.30.7–1.35.911.155.9Japan†0.11.10.20.3†††0.14.11.80.1–1.84.514.2Singapore0.1†1.20.90.9††2.23.48.18.61.60.4–44.071.5OtherAsiaPacific0.20.17.01.14.10.20.21.65.412.332.02.87.836.8–111.5Totalimports28.754.495.094.5147.70.72.464.2108.932.381.945.440.197.1201.91095.2†Lessthan0.05.Notes:Doesnotincludebiofuelstrade.Bunkerfueluseisnotincludedasexports.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountrieswithinEurope)areexcluded.Crudeimportsandexportsincludecondensates.33bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy202167.3195.7775.75.738.3114.999122.81212274.346644.644.66632.811157.51549.820.140.22235.7232345.5454545.586.419.636.473.221.573.2444.444204.872.780.337.249.945.819.152.528.342.044.044.04040004444.26.082.6USCanadaMexicoS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeMiddleEastAfricaAsiaPacificCISMajortrademovements2020Tradeflowsworldwide(milliontonnes)Oiltradein2019and202020192020MilliontonnesCrudeimportsProductimportsCrudeexportsProductexportsCrudeimportsProductimportsCrudeexportsProductexportsCanada34.832.8197.734.427.928.7189.330.5Mexico†60.358.25.0†54.456.85.5US338.7111.9142.5250.3293.795.0155.3240.2S.&Cent.America21.1109.4146.824.617.894.5145.725.7Europe556.0177.028.1123.6475.9147.728.2104.4Russia†0.6289.0123.3†0.7260.0106.8OtherCIS18.51.793.912.015.22.493.29.9Iraq†7.2204.413.4†3.2178.913.7Kuwait†0.799.924.1†0.896.523.0SaudiArabia0.110.0366.053.70.113.6349.149.7UnitedArabEmirates8.833.3135.477.411.630.2142.767.4OtherMiddleEast26.018.8120.560.722.316.4107.758.4NorthAfrica5.832.097.828.18.732.151.025.4WestAfrica0.436.1226.88.40.538.1203.77.9East&S.Africa19.641.65.52.616.338.63.82.7Australasia22.932.211.75.618.732.39.45.9China507.378.40.472.5557.281.91.165.2India221.844.90.166.2203.945.40.155.9Japan146.939.7†18.7123.540.1†14.2Singapore49.6112.41.976.946.197.11.771.5OtherAsiaPacific287.3210.439.0110.1269.0201.934.6111.5TotalWorld2265.61191.52265.61191.52108.61095.22108.61095.2ThousandbarrelsdailyCanada69968639717195585983791636Mexico‡12611169104‡11341138114US68022340286252335883198131105007S.&Cent.America4242287294951435719692918537Europe1116736995642583953230795642177Russia‡1358032577‡1652072226OtherCIS372361885250304501866207Iraq‡1504105280‡683583285Kuwait‡162005503‡161933479SaudiArabia120873511123228369911035UnitedArabEmirates1776962719161823362928571405OtherMiddleEast5223932421127044634321561217NorthAfrica11666919635871736701021529WestAfrica97544555175117954079165East&S.Africa393870110533278057756Australasia459672234117374673187122China10187163991516111581707221360India445594011384408494611165Japan2950830‡3912474836‡295Singapore99723503916089242025331490OtherAsiaPacific576943997822302538742106932325TotalWorld4549724907454972490742229228324222922832†Lessthan0.05.‡Lessthan0.5.Notes:Doesnotincludebiofuelstrade.Bunkerfueluseisnotincludedasexports.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountrieswithinEurope)areexcluded.Crudeimportsandexportsincludecondensates.34bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021TotalprovedreservesAtend2000Atend2010Atend2019Atend2020TrillioncubicmetresTrillioncubicmetresTrillioncubicmetresTrillioncubicmetresTrillioncubicfeetShareoftotalR/PratioCanada1.61.92.02.483.11.3%14.2Mexico0.80.40.20.26.30.1%5.9US4.88.312.612.6445.66.7%13.8TotalNorthAmerica7.310.514.815.2535.08.1%13.7Argentina0.80.30.40.413.60.2%10.1Bolivia0.20.30.20.27.50.1%14.8Brazil0.20.40.40.312.30.2%14.6Colombia0.10.10.10.13.0◆6.5Peru0.20.30.30.39.20.1%21.6Trinidad&Tobago0.50.40.30.310.20.2%9.8Venezuela4.66.16.36.3221.13.3%333.9OtherS.&Cent.America0.10.10.10.11.9◆19.7TotalS.&Cent.America6.88.17.97.9278.94.2%51.7Denmark0.10.1††1.0◆20.3Germany0.20.1††0.7◆4.4Italy0.20.1††1.5◆10.9Netherlands1.61.20.10.14.60.1%6.5Norway1.22.01.51.450.50.8%12.8Poland0.10.10.10.12.6◆18.4Romania0.20.10.10.12.8◆9.1Ukraine0.80.71.11.138.50.6%57.5UnitedKingdom0.70.30.20.26.60.1%4.7OtherEurope0.20.10.10.13.2◆14.3TotalEurope5.44.73.33.2111.91.7%14.5Azerbaijan1.01.02.52.588.41.3%96.9Kazakhstan1.71.72.32.379.71.2%71.2RussianFederation33.234.137.637.41320.519.9%58.6Turkmenistan1.813.613.613.6480.37.2%230.7Uzbekistan0.90.90.80.829.90.4%18.0OtherCIS††††0.1◆9.1TotalCIS38.651.356.856.61998.930.1%70.5Bahrain0.30.20.10.12.3◆3.9Iran25.432.332.132.11133.617.1%128.0Iraq3.03.03.53.5124.61.9%336.3Israel†0.20.60.620.80.3%39.7Kuwait1.51.71.71.759.90.9%113.2Oman0.80.50.70.723.50.4%18.0Qatar14.925.924.724.7871.113.1%144.0SaudiArabia6.07.56.06.0212.63.2%53.7Syria0.20.30.30.39.50.1%89.6UnitedArabEmirates5.85.95.95.9209.73.2%107.1Yemen0.30.30.30.39.40.1%2618.8OtherMiddleEast††††0.2◆24.7TotalMiddleEast58.377.875.875.82677.140.3%110.4Algeria4.44.34.32.380.51.2%28.0Egypt1.42.12.12.175.51.1%36.6Libya1.21.41.41.450.50.8%107.4Nigeria3.94.95.55.5193.32.9%110.7OtherAfrica1.01.21.61.655.40.8%54.8TotalAfrica11.914.014.912.9455.26.9%55.7Australia1.72.92.42.484.41.3%16.8Bangladesh0.30.30.10.13.90.1%4.5Brunei0.40.30.20.27.90.1%17.6China1.42.78.48.4296.64.5%43.3India0.71.11.31.346.60.7%55.6Indonesia2.73.01.41.344.20.7%19.8Malaysia1.11.00.90.932.10.5%12.4Myanmar0.30.20.40.415.30.2%24.4Pakistan0.50.60.40.413.60.2%12.6PapuaNewGuinea†0.10.20.25.80.1%13.7Thailand0.40.30.10.15.10.1%4.4Vietnam0.20.60.60.622.80.3%74.1OtherAsiaPacific0.20.30.20.26.70.1%11.5TotalAsiaPacific9.813.516.816.6584.88.8%25.4TotalWorld138.0179.9190.3188.16641.8100.0%48.8ofwhich:OECD13.617.620.020.3716.210.8%13.7Non-OECD124.4162.4170.3167.85925.689.2%70.6EuropeanUnion2.51.60.40.415.60.2%9.2Sourceofdata–theestimatesinthistablehavebeencompiledusingacombinationofprimaryofficialsourcesandthird-partydatafromCedigazandtheOPECSecretariat.Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15ºCand1013mbar)andhavebeenstandardizedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.†Lessthan0.05.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Totalprovedreservesofnaturalgas–generallytakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertaintycanberecoveredinthefuturefromknownreservoirsunderexistingeconomicandoperatingconditions.Thedataseriesfortotalprovednaturalgasdoesnotnecessarilymeetthedefinitions,guidelinesandpracticesusedfordeterminingprovedreservesatacompanylevel,forinstanceaspublishedbytheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommission,nordoesitnecessarilyrepresentbp’sviewofprovedreservesbycountry.Reserves-to-production(R/P)ratio–ifthereservesremainingattheendofanyyeararedividedbytheproductioninthatyear,theresultisthelengthoftimethatthoseremainingreserveswouldlastifproductionweretocontinueatthatrate.Naturalgas35bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Worldprovedgasreservesdecreasedby2.2Tcmto188.1Tcmin2020.ArevisiontoAlgeria(-2.1Tcm)providedthelargestdecrease,partiallyoffsetbya0.4TcmincreaseinCanadianreserves.Russia(37Tcm),Iran(32Tcm)andQatar(25Tcm)arethecountrieswiththelargestreserves.ThecurrentglobalR/Pratioshowsthatgasreservesin2020accountedfor48.8yearsofcurrentproduction.TheMiddleEast(110.4years)andCIS(70.5years)aretheregionswiththehighestR/Pratio.120406080100200NorthAmericaS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeMiddleEastAfricaCISAsiaPacific2020byregionReserves-to-production(R/P)ratiosYears600500400300100200909500051015200NorthAmericaS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeCISAfricaMiddleEastAsiaPacificWorldHistoryDistributionofprovedreservesin2000,2010and2020Percentage8.140.34.21.76.930.18.828.54.57.82.643.27.52020Total188.1trillioncubicmetres2010Total179.9trillioncubicmetres2000Total138.0trillioncubicmetres7.142.23.98.64.928.05.85.3MiddleEastCISAsiaPacificNorthAmericaAfricaS.&Cent.AmericaEurope36bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgas:ProductioninbillioncubicmetresBillioncubicmetres20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada149.6151.1150.3151.9159.0160.8172.0173.9176.8169.0165.2-2.5%0.9%4.3%Mexico51.252.150.952.551.347.943.738.335.231.330.1-4.2%-5.1%0.8%US575.2617.4649.1655.7704.7740.3727.4746.2840.9930.0914.6-1.9%5.2%23.7%TotalNorthAmerica775.9820.5850.3860.1915.0949.0943.0958.31052.91130.31109.9-2.1%4.0%28.8%Argentina39.037.736.734.634.535.537.337.139.441.638.3-8.2%0.3%1.0%Bolivia13.715.017.119.620.319.618.818.217.015.014.4-3.9%2.3%0.4%Brazil15.017.219.821.923.323.824.127.225.225.723.9-7.3%7.7%0.6%Colombia10.810.511.513.212.311.612.012.312.913.213.30.2%2.7%0.3%Peru7.311.512.012.413.112.714.013.012.813.512.1-10.7%14.2%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago40.338.738.538.738.136.031.331.934.034.629.5-15.0%-1.1%0.8%Venezuela30.530.231.930.631.836.137.238.631.625.618.8-26.9%-2.2%0.5%OtherS.&Cent.America3.83.23.02.72.62.93.13.13.03.22.7-16.3%-1.7%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America160.4164.1170.6173.8176.0178.0177.9181.4175.9172.3152.9-11.5%1.2%4.0%Denmark8.56.96.05.04.84.84.75.14.33.21.4-57.0%-9.6%◆Germany11.110.59.58.68.17.56.96.45.55.34.5-15.9%-8.3%0.1%Italy8.08.08.27.46.86.45.55.35.24.63.9-16.4%-4.9%0.1%Netherlands75.369.568.472.460.445.944.337.932.327.820.0-28.5%-8.2%0.5%Norway106.2100.5113.9107.9107.5116.1115.9123.7121.3114.3111.5-2.7%1.0%2.9%Poland4.34.54.54.44.34.34.14.04.04.03.9-1.7%-0.7%0.1%Romania10.010.110.110.010.210.29.110.010.09.68.7-9.8%-0.8%0.2%Ukraine19.419.519.420.220.218.819.019.419.719.419.0-2.5%-0.5%0.5%UnitedKingdom57.946.139.237.037.440.741.741.940.739.539.5-0.4%-4.3%1.0%OtherEurope9.39.28.47.26.36.18.79.08.47.46.3-15.0%-2.2%0.2%TotalEurope310.1284.8287.5280.0266.1260.8259.9262.7251.4235.2218.6-7.3%-2.5%5.7%Azerbaijan16.316.016.817.418.418.818.317.819.024.325.86.0%4.3%0.7%Kazakhstan27.829.329.731.131.731.932.134.534.134.031.7-7.2%2.5%0.8%RussianFederation598.4616.8601.9614.5591.2584.4589.3635.6669.1679.0638.5-6.2%2.4%16.6%Turkmenistan40.156.359.059.063.565.963.258.761.563.259.0-6.9%6.6%1.5%Uzbekistan57.156.656.555.956.353.653.153.457.257.347.1-18.1%-0.2%1.2%OtherCIS0.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.3-0.5%0.3%◆TotalCIS740.0775.4764.2778.3761.4754.9756.3800.2841.3858.2802.4-6.8%2.5%20.8%Bahrain12.412.613.114.014.714.614.414.514.616.316.40.8%3.0%0.4%Iran143.9151.0156.9157.5175.5183.5199.3213.8232.0241.4250.83.6%5.9%6.5%Iraq7.16.36.37.17.57.39.910.110.611.010.5-4.6%4.8%0.3%Kuwait11.112.914.715.514.316.116.416.216.917.915.0-16.7%5.1%0.4%Oman25.727.128.330.829.330.731.532.336.336.736.90.4%4.4%1.0%Qatar123.1150.4162.5167.9169.4175.8174.5170.5169.1172.1171.3-0.7%6.4%4.4%SaudiArabia83.387.694.495.097.399.2105.3109.3112.1111.2112.10.6%4.1%2.9%Syria8.47.46.15.04.64.13.53.53.53.33.0-10.1%-5.9%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates50.051.052.953.252.958.659.559.558.058.055.4-4.7%2.0%1.4%Yemen6.39.47.610.49.82.90.50.30.10.10.11.0%-18.6%◆OtherMiddleEast3.34.22.56.37.38.19.09.510.110.215.046.3%14.1%0.4%TotalMiddleEast474.6520.0545.5562.6582.6600.8624.1639.5663.3678.2686.61.0%5.1%17.8%Algeria77.479.678.479.380.281.491.493.093.887.081.5-6.6%1.3%2.1%Egypt59.059.158.654.047.042.640.348.858.664.958.5-10.2%0.7%1.5%Libya16.07.511.612.215.714.714.813.613.214.513.3-8.5%-0.4%0.3%Nigeria30.936.439.233.140.047.642.647.248.349.349.4◆7.8%1.3%OtherAfrica18.218.018.920.520.721.722.826.927.628.128.61.6%5.7%0.7%TotalAfrica201.5200.6206.7199.1203.5208.0211.9229.5241.4243.8231.3-5.4%2.5%6.0%Australia52.654.258.060.364.974.194.0110.1126.0143.1142.5-0.7%11.9%3.7%Bangladesh19.319.621.322.023.025.926.526.626.625.324.7-2.5%3.0%0.6%Brunei12.012.512.311.912.713.312.912.912.613.012.6-2.9%1.6%0.3%China96.5106.2111.5121.8131.2135.7137.9149.2161.4177.6194.09.0%7.5%5.0%India47.442.937.331.129.428.126.627.727.526.923.8-11.9%-2.9%0.6%Indonesia87.082.778.377.676.476.275.172.772.867.663.2-6.8%-1.4%1.6%Malaysia65.167.069.372.672.276.876.778.577.279.373.2-7.9%1.8%1.9%Myanmar12.212.612.512.916.519.218.317.817.018.517.7-4.6%5.0%0.5%Pakistan35.335.336.635.635.035.034.734.734.232.730.6-6.6%-0.6%0.8%Thailand33.733.838.438.939.137.537.335.934.735.832.7-8.8%2.0%0.8%Vietnam9.18.29.09.49.910.310.29.59.79.98.7-11.8%2.5%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific17.917.717.718.223.027.928.929.127.028.728.4-1.5%4.5%0.7%TotalAsiaPacific488.1492.6502.1512.2533.3560.0579.0604.6626.6658.2652.1-1.2%4.0%16.9%TotalWorld3150.83258.03326.83366.13437.93511.73552.13676.23852.93976.23853.7-3.3%3.1%100.0%ofwhich:OECD1130.91151.01187.01196.41242.11281.01296.71331.11430.91510.81478.5-2.4%3.2%38.4%Non-OECD2019.92107.02139.82169.62195.82230.62255.42345.12422.02465.42375.2-3.9%3.0%61.6%EuropeanUnion125.6117.5113.9113.999.984.382.376.868.861.147.8-21.9%-6.3%1.2%Excludesgasflaredorrecycled.Includesnaturalgasproducedforgas-to-liquidstransformation.Source:includesdatafromCedigaz,FGEMENAgasservice.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Notes:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar);astheyarederiveddirectlyfrommeasuresofenergycontentusinganaverageconversionfactorandhavebeenstandardizedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3,theydonotnecessarilyequatewithgasvolumesexpressedinspecificnationalterms.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingbillioncubicmetresfigures.Naturalgasproductiondataexpressedinbillioncubicfeetperdayisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.37bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgas:ProductioninexajoulesExajoules20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada5.395.445.415.475.725.796.196.266.366.085.95-2.5%0.9%4.3%Mexico1.841.881.831.891.851.731.571.381.271.131.08-4.2%-5.1%0.8%US20.7122.2223.3723.6025.3726.6526.1826.8630.2733.4832.93-1.9%5.2%23.7%TotalNorthAmerica27.9329.5430.6130.9632.9434.1633.9534.5037.9040.6939.96-2.1%4.0%28.8%Argentina1.401.361.321.241.241.281.341.341.421.501.38-8.2%0.3%1.0%Bolivia0.490.540.620.700.730.700.680.660.610.540.52-3.9%2.3%0.4%Brazil0.540.620.710.790.840.860.870.980.910.930.86-7.3%7.7%0.6%Colombia0.390.380.410.480.440.420.430.440.460.470.480.2%2.7%0.3%Peru0.260.410.430.450.470.460.500.470.460.490.44-10.7%14.2%0.3%Trinidad&Tobago1.451.391.391.391.371.291.131.151.221.241.06-15.0%-1.1%0.8%Venezuela1.101.091.151.101.141.301.341.391.140.920.68-26.9%-2.2%0.5%OtherS.&Cent.America0.140.110.110.100.090.100.110.110.110.110.10-16.3%-1.7%0.1%TotalS.&Cent.America5.785.916.146.266.346.416.406.536.336.205.50-11.5%1.2%4.0%Denmark0.310.250.220.180.170.170.170.180.150.120.05-57.0%-9.6%◆Germany0.400.380.340.310.290.270.250.230.200.190.16-15.9%-8.3%0.1%Italy0.290.290.300.270.250.230.200.190.190.170.14-16.4%-4.9%0.1%Netherlands2.712.502.462.612.171.651.591.371.161.000.72-28.5%-8.2%0.5%Norway3.823.624.103.893.874.184.174.454.374.114.01-2.7%1.0%2.9%Poland0.150.160.160.160.160.150.150.150.140.140.14-1.7%-0.7%0.1%Romania0.360.360.360.360.370.370.330.360.360.350.31-9.8%-0.8%0.2%Ukraine0.700.700.700.730.730.680.680.700.710.700.68-2.5%-0.5%0.5%UnitedKingdom2.081.661.411.331.351.461.501.511.471.421.42-0.4%-4.3%1.0%OtherEurope0.340.330.300.260.230.220.310.320.300.270.23-15.0%-2.2%0.2%TotalEurope11.1610.2510.3510.089.589.399.369.469.058.477.87-7.3%-2.5%5.7%Azerbaijan0.590.570.610.630.660.680.660.640.690.880.936.0%4.3%0.7%Kazakhstan1.001.061.071.121.141.151.161.241.231.231.14-7.2%2.5%0.8%RussianFederation21.5422.2121.6722.1221.2821.0421.2122.8824.0924.4522.99-6.2%2.4%16.6%Turkmenistan1.442.032.122.122.292.372.282.112.212.272.12-6.9%6.6%1.5%Uzbekistan2.062.042.032.012.031.931.911.922.062.061.69-18.1%-0.2%1.2%OtherCIS0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01-0.5%0.3%◆TotalCIS26.6427.9127.5128.0227.4127.1827.2328.8130.2930.8928.89-6.8%2.5%20.8%Bahrain0.450.450.470.500.530.530.520.520.530.590.590.8%3.0%0.4%Iran5.185.445.655.676.326.617.187.708.358.699.033.6%5.9%6.5%Iraq0.260.230.230.250.270.260.360.360.380.390.38-4.6%4.8%0.3%Kuwait0.400.460.530.560.510.580.590.580.610.650.54-16.7%5.1%0.4%Oman0.930.981.021.111.061.111.131.161.311.321.330.4%4.4%1.0%Qatar4.435.415.856.046.106.336.286.146.096.206.17-0.7%6.4%4.4%SaudiArabia3.003.163.403.423.503.573.793.934.044.004.040.6%4.1%2.9%Syria0.300.270.220.180.170.150.130.130.120.120.11-10.1%-5.9%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates1.801.841.911.921.902.112.142.142.092.092.00-4.7%2.0%1.4%Yemen0.230.340.270.370.350.100.020.01†††1.0%-18.6%◆OtherMiddleEast0.120.150.090.230.260.290.330.340.360.370.5446.3%14.1%0.4%TotalMiddleEast17.0918.7219.6420.2520.9721.6322.4723.0223.8824.4224.721.0%5.1%17.8%Algeria2.792.872.822.862.892.933.293.353.383.132.93-6.6%1.3%2.1%Egypt2.122.132.111.941.691.531.451.762.112.342.10-10.2%0.7%1.5%Libya0.580.270.420.440.570.530.530.490.470.520.48-8.5%-0.4%0.3%Nigeria1.111.311.411.191.441.711.531.701.741.771.78◆7.8%1.3%OtherAfrica0.660.650.680.740.740.780.820.970.991.011.031.6%5.7%0.7%TotalAfrica7.267.227.447.177.337.497.638.268.698.788.33-5.4%2.5%6.0%Australia1.891.952.092.172.342.673.383.964.545.155.13-0.7%11.9%3.7%Bangladesh0.690.700.770.790.830.930.950.960.960.910.89-2.5%3.0%0.6%Brunei0.430.450.440.430.460.480.470.460.450.470.46-2.9%1.6%0.3%China3.483.824.014.394.724.884.975.375.816.396.989.0%7.5%5.0%India1.711.551.341.121.061.010.961.000.990.970.86-11.9%-2.9%0.6%Indonesia3.132.982.822.792.752.742.702.622.622.432.27-6.8%-1.4%1.6%Malaysia2.342.412.492.612.602.772.762.822.782.852.64-7.9%1.8%1.9%Myanmar0.440.450.450.460.600.690.660.640.610.670.64-4.6%5.0%0.5%Pakistan1.271.271.321.281.261.261.251.251.231.181.10-6.6%-0.6%0.8%Thailand1.211.221.381.401.411.351.341.291.251.291.18-8.8%2.0%0.8%Vietnam0.330.290.320.340.350.370.370.340.350.350.31-11.8%2.5%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific0.640.640.640.660.831.011.041.050.971.031.02-1.5%4.5%0.7%TotalAsiaPacific17.5717.7318.0818.4419.2020.1620.8521.7722.5623.7023.47-1.2%4.0%16.9%TotalWorld113.43117.29119.77121.18123.76126.42127.87132.34138.70143.14138.73-3.3%3.1%100.0%ofwhich:OECD40.7141.4442.7343.0744.7246.1246.6847.9251.5154.3953.22-2.4%3.2%38.4%Non-OECD72.7275.8577.0378.1179.0580.3081.1984.4287.1988.7685.51-3.9%3.0%61.6%EuropeanUnion4.524.234.104.103.603.032.962.762.482.201.72-21.9%-6.3%1.2%Excludesgasflaredorrecycled.Includesnaturalgasproducedforgas-to-liquidstransformation.Source:includesdatafromCedigaz,FGEMENAgasservice.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Note:Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.38bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgas:ConsumptioninbillioncubicmetresBillioncubicmetres20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada92.0101.199.8105.9110.4110.5106.4110.3116.4117.8112.6-4.7%2.7%2.9%Mexico66.070.873.777.878.880.883.086.087.688.086.3-2.2%3.0%2.3%US648.2658.2688.1707.0722.3743.6749.1740.0821.7849.2832.0-2.3%3.2%21.8%TotalNorthAmerica806.3830.1861.6890.8911.5934.8938.6936.31025.71055.11030.9-2.6%3.2%27.0%Argentina42.143.845.746.046.246.748.248.348.746.643.9-5.9%1.1%1.1%Brazil27.627.532.638.440.742.937.137.635.935.732.1-10.4%5.6%0.8%Chile5.75.85.35.34.44.85.95.65.66.56.1-6.3%8.8%0.2%Colombia8.78.59.510.511.411.212.112.413.213.413.93.3%4.8%0.4%Ecuador0.60.60.70.90.90.80.90.80.70.60.5-13.9%0.7%◆Peru5.46.36.96.77.47.68.57.58.08.27.1-14.4%9.4%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago20.720.520.220.420.519.616.918.317.417.515.1-13.7%-0.9%0.4%Venezuela31.333.334.632.334.037.037.238.631.625.618.8-26.9%-2.9%0.5%OtherS.&Cent.America5.15.86.36.97.27.17.37.28.09.28.1-11.9%6.4%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America147.3152.1161.8167.3172.6177.8174.2176.3169.2163.3145.6-11.1%1.9%3.8%Austria9.69.08.68.27.58.08.39.18.78.98.5-4.5%0.1%0.2%Belgium19.416.516.716.514.515.816.216.416.917.417.0-2.5%-0.1%0.4%CzechRepublic9.47.98.08.17.27.58.28.48.08.38.51.4%0.5%0.2%Finland4.13.63.23.02.72.32.01.82.12.02.0-4.1%-5.9%0.1%France49.643.044.445.137.940.844.544.842.843.740.7-7.1%-0.2%1.1%Germany88.180.981.185.073.977.084.987.785.988.786.5-2.7%0.5%2.3%Greece3.74.64.23.72.83.14.04.84.75.25.79.7%4.3%0.1%Hungary11.410.99.79.18.18.79.39.99.69.810.23.1%-0.8%0.3%Italy79.174.271.466.759.064.367.571.669.270.867.7-4.7%-0.5%1.8%Netherlands46.840.939.339.134.534.135.236.135.437.036.6-1.5%-1.1%1.0%Norway4.14.04.04.04.34.54.44.64.44.64.4-3.2%1.0%0.1%Poland16.216.517.417.417.017.118.319.219.920.921.62.9%3.3%0.6%Portugal5.25.34.64.34.14.85.16.35.86.16.0-2.6%2.5%0.2%Romania12.512.912.511.410.910.410.511.311.610.711.35.1%-1.4%0.3%Spain36.233.633.230.327.528.529.131.731.536.032.4-10.1%-0.1%0.8%Sweden1.51.21.11.00.80.91.01.01.01.01.13.4%-1.2%◆Switzerland3.53.13.43.63.13.33.53.53.33.43.2-5.4%0.8%0.1%Turkey35.841.843.344.046.646.044.551.647.243.446.46.6%2.5%1.2%Ukraine54.656.151.847.740.332.031.430.230.628.329.33.4%-5.3%0.8%UnitedKingdom98.581.976.976.370.172.080.778.579.577.372.5-6.5%-1.6%1.9%OtherEurope33.532.330.829.827.228.128.930.330.130.029.6-1.3%0.1%0.8%TotalEurope622.9580.4565.7554.4500.0509.2537.4558.8548.3553.5541.1-2.5%-0.4%14.2%Azerbaijan8.18.99.49.49.911.110.910.610.811.811.90.6%3.2%0.3%Belarus20.719.219.419.319.117.917.818.219.319.217.9-7.0%1.2%0.5%Kazakhstan9.510.611.412.013.413.614.215.117.417.416.6-4.8%7.1%0.4%RussianFederation423.9435.6428.6424.9422.2408.7420.6431.1454.5444.3411.4-7.7%1.1%10.8%Turkmenistan18.320.722.919.320.025.425.124.828.431.531.3-1.0%6.3%0.8%Uzbekistan44.047.446.246.248.546.343.343.144.444.443.0-3.4%0.1%1.1%OtherCIS5.25.55.74.85.35.25.15.15.95.66.19.7%0.4%0.2%TotalCIS529.8548.0543.7535.7538.4528.2537.1547.9580.6574.2538.2-6.5%1.4%14.1%Iran144.4153.2152.5153.8173.4184.0196.3205.0219.6223.4233.14.0%5.2%6.1%Iraq7.16.36.37.17.57.39.911.414.619.520.86.4%11.0%0.5%Israel5.14.72.46.67.28.19.29.910.510.811.34.6%10.4%0.3%Kuwait14.015.917.517.817.920.321.121.021.223.020.6-10.7%6.9%0.5%Oman16.418.119.721.721.323.022.923.425.025.025.93.4%6.3%0.7%Qatar25.428.733.635.338.443.341.241.234.136.735.0-4.9%5.6%0.9%SaudiArabia83.387.694.495.097.399.2105.3109.3112.1111.2112.10.6%4.1%2.9%UnitedArabEmirates59.361.663.964.763.471.571.972.471.271.569.6-2.9%2.2%1.8%OtherMiddleEast25.622.120.621.320.922.523.123.222.023.423.91.8%0.4%0.6%TotalMiddleEast380.5398.2411.0423.4447.4479.2500.9516.7530.3544.5552.31.2%4.6%14.4%Algeria25.326.829.932.136.137.938.639.543.445.143.1-4.8%5.6%1.1%Egypt43.447.850.649.546.246.049.455.959.658.957.8-2.2%3.7%1.5%Morocco0.70.91.21.11.11.11.11.11.01.00.8-23.0%4.2%◆SouthAfrica4.14.34.44.14.34.33.74.04.44.24.1-4.8%2.5%0.1%OtherAfrica24.626.428.730.236.443.144.344.445.646.047.32.4%7.2%1.2%TotalAfrica98.1106.1114.7117.0124.1132.5137.1145.0154.0155.3153.0-1.8%5.1%4.0%Australia31.732.833.034.737.238.837.937.135.842.140.9-3.1%3.7%1.1%Bangladesh19.319.621.322.023.025.926.526.627.430.930.4-1.9%5.1%0.8%China108.9135.2150.9171.9188.4194.7209.4241.3283.9308.4330.66.9%13.1%8.6%ChinaHongKongSAR3.62.92.62.52.43.03.13.13.03.14.958.2%0.7%0.1%India59.060.355.749.048.547.850.853.758.159.359.60.3%1.9%1.6%Indonesia44.042.743.044.544.045.844.643.244.543.941.5-5.7%0.4%1.1%Japan99.9112.0123.2123.5124.8118.7116.4117.0115.7108.1104.4-3.7%1.6%2.7%Malaysia38.038.342.044.644.746.845.045.044.744.738.2-14.9%1.1%1.0%NewZealand4.44.04.54.75.24.94.85.04.54.94.6-7.2%2.0%0.1%Pakistan35.335.336.635.635.036.538.740.743.644.541.2-7.5%2.5%1.1%Philippines3.53.83.63.43.53.33.83.84.14.23.8-9.1%1.2%0.1%Singapore8.38.38.910.010.411.611.912.312.312.512.60.1%3.2%0.3%SouthKorea45.048.452.555.050.045.647.649.857.856.056.60.8%4.7%1.5%SriLanka–––––––––––n/an/an/aTaiwan15.517.017.917.918.920.221.023.223.723.324.96.7%6.4%0.7%Thailand43.244.348.648.949.951.050.650.150.050.946.9-8.3%2.9%1.2%Vietnam9.18.29.09.49.910.310.29.59.79.98.7-11.8%2.5%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific6.87.58.58.610.311.511.011.110.911.411.72.4%7.6%0.3%TotalAsiaPacific575.6620.7662.0686.1706.0716.4733.3772.6829.7858.1861.60.1%5.2%22.5%TotalWorld3160.53235.73320.53374.63400.13478.23558.63653.73837.93903.93822.8-2.3%2.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD1553.31547.51583.61616.61591.21623.71657.61678.71763.91800.01757.7-2.6%2.1%46.0%Non-OECD1607.11688.21736.91758.11808.91854.51901.01975.02074.02104.02065.1-2.1%3.6%54.0%EuropeanUnion422.8389.0382.2374.5331.4346.7368.2385.2378.1391.2379.9-3.1%-0.1%9.9%Source:includesdatafromCedigaz,FGEMENAgasservice.Excludesnaturalgasconvertedtoliquidfuelsbutincludesderivativesofcoalaswellasnaturalgasconsumedingas-to-liquidstransformation.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Notes:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar);astheyarederiveddirectlyfrommeasuresofenergycontentusinganaverageconversionfactorandhavebeenstandardizedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3,theydonotnecessarilyequatewithgasvolumesexpressedinspecificnationalterms.Thedifferencebetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandtheworldproductionstatisticsisduetovariationsinstocksatstoragefacilitiesandliquefactionplants,togetherwithunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofgassupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingbillioncubicmetresfigures.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.Naturalgasconsumptiondataexpressedinbillioncubicfeetperdayisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.39bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgas:ConsumptioninexajoulesExajoules20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada3.313.643.593.813.973.983.833.974.194.244.05-4.7%2.7%2.9%Mexico2.382.552.652.802.842.912.993.103.153.173.11-2.2%3.0%2.3%US23.3323.7024.7725.4526.0026.7726.9726.6429.5830.5729.95-2.3%3.2%21.8%TotalNorthAmerica29.0329.8931.0232.0732.8133.6533.7933.7136.9337.9837.11-2.6%3.2%27.0%Argentina1.521.581.641.661.661.681.741.741.751.681.58-5.9%1.1%1.1%Brazil0.990.991.171.381.461.551.341.351.291.291.16-10.4%5.6%0.8%Chile0.210.210.190.190.160.170.210.200.200.230.22-6.3%8.8%0.2%Colombia0.310.310.340.380.410.400.440.450.480.480.503.3%4.8%0.4%Ecuador0.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.02-13.9%0.7%◆Peru0.200.230.250.240.270.280.310.270.290.300.25-14.4%9.4%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago0.750.740.730.730.740.710.610.660.630.630.54-13.7%-0.9%0.4%Venezuela1.131.201.251.161.221.331.341.391.140.920.68-26.9%-2.9%0.5%OtherS.&Cent.America0.180.210.230.250.260.260.260.260.290.330.29-11.9%6.4%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America5.305.485.826.026.216.406.276.356.095.885.24-11.1%1.9%3.8%Austria0.350.330.310.300.270.290.300.330.310.320.31-4.5%0.1%0.2%Belgium0.700.590.600.600.520.570.580.590.610.630.61-2.5%-0.1%0.4%CzechRepublic0.340.290.290.290.260.270.290.300.290.300.301.4%0.5%0.2%Finland0.150.130.120.110.100.080.070.070.080.070.07-4.1%-5.9%0.1%France1.781.551.601.631.361.471.601.611.541.571.46-7.1%-0.2%1.1%Germany3.172.912.923.062.662.773.063.163.093.193.12-2.7%0.5%2.3%Greece0.130.170.150.130.100.110.140.170.170.190.219.7%4.3%0.1%Hungary0.410.390.350.330.290.310.340.360.350.350.373.1%-0.8%0.3%Italy2.852.672.572.402.122.322.432.582.492.552.44-4.7%-0.5%1.8%Netherlands1.681.471.411.411.241.231.271.301.281.331.32-1.5%-1.1%1.0%Norway0.150.150.140.140.150.160.160.170.160.160.16-3.2%1.0%0.1%Poland0.580.590.630.630.610.620.660.690.720.750.782.9%3.3%0.6%Portugal0.190.190.160.160.150.170.180.230.210.220.22-2.6%2.5%0.2%Romania0.450.460.450.410.390.370.380.410.420.390.415.1%-1.4%0.3%Spain1.301.211.201.090.991.031.051.141.131.301.17-10.1%-0.1%0.8%Sweden0.060.040.040.040.030.030.040.030.040.040.043.4%-1.2%◆Switzerland0.130.110.120.130.110.120.130.130.120.120.12-5.4%0.8%0.1%Turkey1.291.511.561.581.681.651.601.861.701.561.676.6%2.5%1.2%Ukraine1.962.021.871.721.451.151.131.091.101.021.063.4%-5.3%0.8%UnitedKingdom3.552.952.772.752.522.592.902.832.862.782.61-6.5%-1.6%1.9%OtherEurope1.211.161.111.070.981.011.041.091.081.081.07-1.3%0.1%0.8%TotalEurope22.4320.9020.3719.9618.0018.3319.3520.1219.7419.9319.48-2.5%-0.4%14.2%Azerbaijan0.290.320.340.340.350.400.390.380.390.420.430.6%3.2%0.3%Belarus0.750.690.700.690.690.640.640.660.700.690.64-7.0%1.2%0.5%Kazakhstan0.340.380.410.430.480.490.510.540.630.630.60-4.8%7.1%0.4%RussianFederation15.2615.6815.4315.3015.2014.7115.1415.5216.3616.0014.81-7.7%1.1%10.8%Turkmenistan0.660.750.830.700.720.910.900.891.021.141.13-1.0%6.3%0.8%Uzbekistan1.591.701.661.661.751.671.561.551.601.601.55-3.4%0.1%1.1%OtherCIS0.190.200.210.170.190.190.190.180.210.200.229.7%0.4%0.2%TotalCIS19.0719.7319.5719.2919.3819.0219.3419.7320.9020.6719.38-6.5%1.4%14.1%Iran5.205.515.495.546.246.627.077.387.918.048.394.0%5.2%6.1%Iraq0.260.230.230.250.270.260.360.410.530.700.756.4%11.0%0.5%Israel0.180.170.090.240.260.290.330.360.380.390.414.6%10.4%0.3%Kuwait0.500.570.630.640.640.730.760.760.760.830.74-10.7%6.9%0.5%Oman0.590.650.710.780.770.830.820.840.900.900.933.4%6.3%0.7%Qatar0.911.031.211.271.381.561.481.481.231.321.26-4.9%5.6%0.9%SaudiArabia3.003.163.403.423.503.573.793.934.044.004.040.6%4.1%2.9%UnitedArabEmirates2.132.222.302.332.282.572.592.612.562.572.51-2.9%2.2%1.8%OtherMiddleEast0.920.790.740.770.750.810.830.840.790.840.861.8%0.4%0.6%TotalMiddleEast13.7014.3414.8015.2416.1117.2518.0318.6019.0919.6019.881.2%4.6%14.4%Algeria0.910.961.081.161.301.371.391.421.561.631.55-4.8%5.6%1.1%Egypt1.561.721.821.781.661.661.782.012.152.122.08-2.2%3.7%1.5%Morocco0.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.03-23.0%4.2%◆SouthAfrica0.150.150.160.150.150.160.130.140.160.150.15-4.8%2.5%0.1%OtherAfrica0.880.951.031.091.311.551.601.601.641.661.702.4%7.2%1.2%TotalAfrica3.533.824.134.214.474.774.945.225.545.595.51-1.8%5.1%4.0%Australia1.141.181.191.251.341.401.361.341.291.521.47-3.1%3.7%1.1%Bangladesh0.690.700.770.790.830.930.950.960.991.111.10-1.9%5.1%0.8%China3.924.875.436.196.787.017.548.6910.2211.1011.906.9%13.1%8.6%ChinaHongKongSAR0.130.100.090.090.090.110.110.110.110.110.1858.2%0.7%0.1%India2.122.172.011.761.751.721.831.932.092.132.150.3%1.9%1.6%Indonesia1.591.541.551.601.591.651.611.561.601.581.50-5.7%0.4%1.1%Japan3.604.034.444.454.494.274.194.214.173.893.76-3.7%1.6%2.7%Malaysia1.371.381.511.601.611.691.621.621.611.611.37-14.9%1.1%1.0%NewZealand0.160.140.160.170.190.180.170.180.160.180.16-7.2%2.0%0.1%Pakistan1.271.271.321.281.261.321.391.471.571.601.48-7.5%2.5%1.1%Philippines0.130.140.130.120.130.120.140.140.150.150.14-9.1%1.2%0.1%Singapore0.300.300.320.360.370.420.430.440.440.450.450.1%3.2%0.3%SouthKorea1.621.741.891.981.801.641.721.792.082.022.040.8%4.7%1.5%SriLanka–––––––––––n/an/an/aTaiwan0.560.610.640.650.680.730.750.840.850.840.906.7%6.4%0.7%Thailand1.561.601.751.761.801.831.821.801.801.831.69-8.3%2.9%1.2%Vietnam0.330.290.320.340.350.370.370.340.350.350.31-11.8%2.5%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific0.240.270.310.310.370.410.400.400.390.410.422.4%7.6%0.3%TotalAsiaPacific20.7222.3523.8324.7025.4225.7926.4027.8129.8730.8931.020.1%5.2%22.5%TotalWorld113.78116.49119.54121.49122.40125.22128.11131.53138.16140.54137.62-2.3%2.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD55.9255.7157.0158.2057.2858.4559.6760.4363.5064.8063.28-2.6%2.1%46.0%Non-OECD57.8660.7762.5363.2965.1266.7668.4471.1074.6775.7474.34-2.1%3.6%54.0%EuropeanUnion15.2214.0113.7613.4811.9312.4813.2513.8713.6114.0813.68-3.1%-0.1%9.9%Source:includesdatafromCedigaz,FGEMENAgasservice.Excludesnaturalgasconvertedtoliquidfuelsbutincludesderivativesofcoalaswellasnaturalgasconsumedingas-to-liquidstransformation.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Notes:Thedifferencebetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandtheworldproductionstatisticsisduetovariationsinstocksatstoragefacilitiesandliquefactionplants,togetherwithunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofgassupplyanddemanddata.Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfigures.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.40bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgasconsumptiondecreasedby2.3%or81billioncubicmetres(bcm),similartothefallseenin2009duringthefinancialcrisis.Gasconsumptionfellinmostregions,withanotableexceptioninChinawheredemandgrewby6.9%.Incontrast,gasdemanddroppedinNorthAmericaandEuropeby2.6%and2.5%respectively.Gasproductionfellby123bcm(-3.3%),withthelargestdropsseeninRussia(-41bcm)andtheUS(-15bcm).40003500250030005001500100020009505001510200Naturalgas:ConsumptionbyregionBillioncubicmetres4000250030003500500150010002000AsiaPacificAfricaMiddleEastCISEuropeS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmerica9505001510200Naturalgas:ProductionbyregionBillioncubicmetresNaturalgas:Consumptionpercapita2020GJpercapita0-2020-4040-6060-80>8041bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021PricesLNGNaturalgasCrudeoilUSdollarspermillionBtuJapanCIF1JapanKoreaMarker(JKM)2AverageGermanImportPrice3UK(HerenNBPIndex)4NetherlandsTTF(DAHerenIndex)4USHenryHub5Canada(Alberta)5OECDcountriesCIF619903.64–2.78––1.641.053.8219913.99–3.23––1.490.893.3319923.62–2.70––1.770.983.1919933.52–2.51––2.121.692.8219943.18–2.35––1.921.452.7019953.46–2.43––1.690.892.9619963.66–2.501.87–2.761.123.5419973.91–2.661.96–2.531.363.2919983.05–2.331.86–2.081.422.1619993.14–1.861.58–2.272.002.9820004.72–2.912.71–4.233.754.8320014.64–3.673.17–4.073.614.0820024.27–3.212.37–3.332.574.1720034.77–4.063.33–5.634.834.8920045.18–4.304.46–5.855.036.2720056.05–5.837.386.078.797.258.7420067.14–7.877.877.466.765.8310.6620077.73–7.996.015.936.956.1711.95200812.55–11.6010.7910.668.857.9916.7620099.065.288.534.854.963.893.3810.41201010.917.728.036.566.774.393.6913.47201114.7314.0210.499.049.264.013.4718.55201216.7515.1210.939.469.452.762.2718.82201316.1716.5610.7310.649.753.712.9318.25201416.3313.869.118.258.144.353.8716.80201510.317.456.726.536.442.602.018.7720166.945.724.934.694.542.461.557.0420178.107.135.625.805.722.961.588.97201810.059.766.668.067.903.121.1811.6820199.945.495.034.474.452.511.2710.8220207.814.394.063.423.071.991.587.19.1Source:EDMCEnergyTrend.2Source:S&PGlobalPlatts©2020,S&PGlobalInc.3Source:1986-1990GermanFederalStatisticalOffice,1991-2020GermanFederalOfficeofEconomicsandExportControl(BAFA).4Source:ICISHerenEnergyLtd.5Source:EnergyIntelligenceGroup,NaturalGasWeek.6Source:©OECD/IEA2020,Oil,Gas,CoalandElectricity,QuarterlyStatisticswww.iea.org/statistics.Note:CIF=cost+insurance+freight(averageprices).03691218USHenryHubAverageGermanImportPriceUKNBPNetherlandsTTFIndexJapanLNGCIFJapanKoreaMarker(JKM)20181917161503060504080907101213111415Prices$/mmBtu42bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgas:Inter-regionaltradeBillioncubicmetres20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19USPipelineimports90.285.080.875.971.871.679.580.576.673.368.2-7.2%-2.0%7.3%LNGimports12.19.94.92.71.72.52.42.22.11.51.3-12.3%-19.3%0.1%Totalimports102.394.985.678.673.574.182.082.778.874.769.5-7.3%-3.1%7.4%Pipelineexports29.239.145.342.540.447.258.765.767.875.476.10.6%10.3%8.1%LNGexports1.51.80.80.20.40.74.017.128.647.461.429.2%50.1%6.5%Totalexports30.740.946.142.740.847.962.782.896.3122.8137.511.6%15.5%14.6%OtherNorthAmericaPipelineimports29.239.145.342.540.447.258.765.767.875.476.10.6%10.3%8.1%LNGimports8.17.06.58.89.87.45.97.07.57.13.4-53.0%4.1%0.4%Totalimports37.346.151.751.350.254.764.572.775.382.679.5-4.0%9.6%8.5%Pipelineexports90.285.080.875.971.871.679.580.576.673.368.2-7.2%-2.0%7.3%LNGexports–0.1––††††0.1††-54.0%n/a◆Totalexports90.285.180.875.971.971.679.680.676.773.368.2-7.2%-2.0%7.3%BrazilPipelineimports9.39.39.511.011.411.29.88.47.66.46.2-3.9%-1.8%0.7%LNGimports2.80.73.55.27.16.82.61.72.93.23.33.4%22.6%0.4%Totalimports12.19.913.016.318.518.012.410.110.59.79.5-1.4%1.8%1.0%LNGexports––0.50.10.2†0.60.20.1––n/an/a–Totalexports––0.50.10.2†0.60.20.1––n/an/a–OtherS.&Cent.AmericaLNGimports6.49.311.112.912.512.112.611.711.69.910.56.1%12.4%1.1%Totalimports6.49.311.112.912.512.112.611.711.69.910.56.1%12.4%1.1%Pipelineexports9.39.39.511.011.411.29.88.47.66.46.2-3.9%-1.8%0.7%LNGexports21.423.423.424.123.321.419.919.121.422.519.9-11.7%1.4%2.1%Totalexports30.732.732.935.134.732.629.727.529.028.926.1-9.9%0.6%2.8%EuropePipelineimports224.8234.4228.5234.1209.4214.9230.6247.2247.3237.0211.3-11.1%0.8%22.5%LNGimports89.189.268.251.852.156.056.464.771.3119.1114.8-3.8%5.4%12.2%Totalimports313.9323.6296.7285.8261.4270.9287.0311.9318.6356.0326.1-8.6%2.1%34.7%LNGexports5.16.18.19.013.011.010.67.911.78.85.6-35.9%10.1%0.6%Totalexports5.16.18.19.013.011.010.67.911.78.85.6-35.9%10.1%0.6%RussiaPipelineimports33.441.239.732.933.126.524.328.624.630.611.0-64.2%-2.3%1.2%Totalimports33.441.239.732.933.126.524.328.624.630.611.0-64.2%-2.3%1.2%Pipelineexports194.0210.6201.5210.7189.6194.2202.0219.7222.4221.0197.7-10.8%1.5%21.0%LNGexports13.514.314.314.513.614.614.615.424.939.140.43.1%19.0%4.3%Totalexports207.5224.9215.8225.2203.2208.8216.7235.2247.3260.1238.1-8.7%2.8%25.3%OtherCISPipelineimports26.525.425.224.026.325.426.328.830.429.826.7-10.6%2.8%2.8%Totalimports26.525.425.224.026.325.426.328.830.429.826.7-10.6%2.8%2.8%Pipelineexports51.171.869.769.575.472.672.878.080.885.561.8-27.8%5.2%6.6%Totalexports51.171.869.769.575.472.672.878.080.885.561.8-27.8%5.2%6.6%MiddleEastPipelineimports13.413.05.36.37.69.67.34.62.11.81.1-38.4%-16.3%0.1%LNGimports3.04.44.24.35.39.813.713.09.49.49.2-3.1%26.0%1.0%Totalimports16.417.49.410.612.919.421.117.711.511.210.3-8.8%-0.4%1.1%Pipelineexports8.29.19.08.99.38.18.011.08.88.07.7-4.0%3.9%0.8%LNGexports103.8128.7130.3135.2132.2125.4126.0122.3125.9127.5126.9-0.8%5.9%13.5%Totalexports112.0137.9139.3144.2141.5133.5133.9133.2134.8135.6134.6-1.0%5.8%14.3%AfricaPipelineimports––––––––––2.1n/an/a0.220%LNGimports–––––3.910.78.33.2––n/an/a–Totalimports–––––3.910.78.33.2–2.1n/an/a0.2%Pipelineexports48.236.139.334.429.430.138.737.237.528.026.1-6.9%-4.3%2.8%LNGexports58.856.454.247.049.548.546.255.753.661.256.4-8.1%0.9%6.0%Totalexports106.992.493.581.478.878.684.992.991.189.282.5-7.7%-1.1%8.8%ChinaPipelineimports3.413.620.826.430.332.436.839.947.947.745.1-5.8%n/a4.8%LNGimports13.016.920.125.127.327.036.852.973.584.794.010.6%26.6%10.0%Totalimports16.430.540.851.557.559.473.592.8121.3132.5139.14.7%32.4%14.8%LNGexports–––––––––0.1–-100.0%n/a–Totalexports–––––––––0.1–-100.0%n/a–IndiaLNGimports11.517.418.418.019.120.024.326.130.632.435.810.2%9.6%3.8%Totalimports11.517.418.418.019.120.024.326.130.632.435.810.2%9.6%3.8%LNGexports–––––0.40.10.1–0.1–-100.0%n/a–Totalexports–––––0.40.10.1–0.1–-100.0%n/a–OECDAsiaPipelineimports5.25.35.05.95.25.85.54.94.94.34.41.7%-3.1%0.5%LNGimports141.4156.3169.6175.7173.6161.6159.9165.4173.2161.1157.3-2.6%2.6%16.7%Totalimports146.5161.6174.6181.6178.8167.4165.3170.2178.1165.5161.7-2.5%2.4%17.2%LNGexports25.826.028.330.632.240.160.576.891.9104.7106.31.3%15.3%11.3%Totalexports25.826.028.330.632.240.160.576.891.9104.7106.31.3%15.3%11.3%OtherAsiaLNGimports15.017.318.522.425.229.833.040.245.555.358.35.1%16.2%6.2%Totalimports15.017.318.522.425.229.833.040.245.555.358.35.1%16.2%6.2%Pipelineexports5.25.35.06.18.19.59.28.17.88.78.3-4.9%3.9%0.9%LNGexports72.571.565.066.269.375.075.878.572.472.471.0-2.2%0.9%7.6%Totalexports77.676.870.072.377.584.585.086.680.281.179.3-2.5%1.2%8.4%WorldInter-regionalpipelinetrade435.3466.3460.0459.0435.4444.6478.7508.7509.3506.3452.2-10.9%1.8%48.1%LNGtrade302.4328.3324.9326.8333.6337.1358.3393.3430.6483.8487.90.6%6.8%51.9%Totaltrade737.7794.6784.9785.9769.1781.7836.9902.0939.9990.1940.1-5.3%4.0%100.0%LNGexportsincludere-exports.Pipelinetradeexcludesintra-regionaltrade.†Lessthan0.05.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Notes:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15°Cand1013mbar)andhavebeenstandardizedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.43bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgas:LNGimportsBillioncubicmetres20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada2.03.21.61.00.50.60.30.40.60.50.856.1%-6.1%0.2%Mexico6.13.84.97.89.36.85.66.66.96.62.5-62.0%5.8%0.5%US12.19.94.92.71.72.52.42.22.11.51.3-12.3%-19.3%0.3%TotalNorthAmerica20.216.811.411.411.510.08.39.29.68.64.6-46.0%-6.8%1.0%Argentina1.93.74.76.36.25.65.14.63.61.81.80.7%5.7%0.4%Brazil2.80.73.55.27.16.82.61.72.93.23.33.4%22.6%0.7%Chile3.13.74.03.83.53.74.54.44.33.33.79.6%17.3%0.8%OtherS.&Cent.America1.41.92.42.82.82.83.02.83.74.85.15.5%13.3%1.0%TotalS.&Cent.America9.29.914.618.119.618.915.213.514.513.113.95.4%14.2%2.8%Belgium6.56.34.13.12.93.62.41.33.37.25.1-29.8%0.5%1.0%France14.714.49.88.36.96.49.110.912.723.019.6-15.1%5.6%4.0%Italy9.39.17.15.84.55.95.98.28.213.512.1-10.7%16.1%2.5%Spain28.223.921.415.716.213.713.816.615.021.920.9-5.1%-2.2%4.3%Turkey7.85.97.65.97.17.57.610.911.412.914.814.9%8.0%3.0%UnitedKingdom18.824.713.99.211.213.710.76.67.217.118.68.2%5.4%3.8%OtherEU3.94.94.43.73.35.26.910.213.423.423.71.1%20.2%4.9%RestofEurope†–†–†––0.1––0.1n/an/a◆TotalEurope89.189.268.251.852.156.056.464.771.3119.1114.8-3.8%5.4%23.5%Egypt–––––3.910.78.33.2––n/an/a–Kuwait2.83.02.82.33.64.34.74.84.35.15.710.6%18.6%1.2%UnitedArabEmirates0.21.41.41.61.62.94.23.01.01.61.6-4.3%n/a0.3%OtherMiddleEast&Africa–––0.50.12.74.85.34.02.71.9-28.3%n/a0.4%TotalMiddleEast&Africa3.04.44.24.35.313.724.521.412.59.49.2-3.1%26.0%1.9%China13.016.920.125.127.327.036.852.973.584.794.010.6%26.6%19.3%India11.517.418.418.019.120.024.326.130.632.435.810.2%9.6%7.3%Japan96.4108.6119.8120.4121.8115.9113.6113.9113.0105.5102.0-3.6%1.7%20.9%Malaysia–––2.02.22.21.52.01.83.33.69.3%n/a0.7%Pakistan–––––1.54.06.19.411.810.6-10.0%n/a2.2%Singapore–––1.32.63.03.24.14.55.05.715.3%n/a1.2%SouthKorea45.047.749.755.351.845.846.351.460.255.655.3-0.9%4.6%11.3%Taiwan15.016.317.117.218.619.620.422.722.922.824.78.0%6.3%5.1%Thailand–1.11.42.01.93.63.95.26.06.77.511.4%n/a1.5%OtherAsiaPacific––0.1–––––0.85.76.16.4%n/a1.3%TotalAsiaPacific180.9207.9226.6241.2245.2238.5253.9284.6322.7333.6345.43.3%7.8%70.8%TotalLNGimports302.4328.3324.9326.8333.6337.1358.3393.3430.6483.8487.90.6%6.8%100.0%GrossLNGtrade◆Lessthan0.05%.Source:includesGIIGNL,IHSMarkit.†Lessthan0.05.n/anotavailable.Note:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.LNGimportsbysource:ChinaBillioncubicmetresLNGimportsbysource:SouthKoreaBillioncubicmetres1401001202040608014010012020406080AlgeriaQatarNigeriaUSRussiaOthers0105031307110915181920170402120610081416010503130711091518192017040212061008141601050313071109151820191704021206100814160105031307110915182019170402120610081416AustraliaQatarMalaysiaIndonesiaRussiaOthers100709080405060102030100709080405060102030AustraliaQatarMalaysiaIndonesiaUSOthersAustraliaQatarMalaysiaIndonesiaUSOthers0000LNGimportsbysource:EuropeBillioncubicmetresLNGimportsbysource:JapanBillioncubicmetres1401001202040608014010012020406080AlgeriaQatarNigeriaUSRussiaOthers0105031307110915181920170402120610081416010503130711091518192017040212061008141601050313071109151820191704021206100814160105031307110915182019170402120610081416AustraliaQatarMalaysiaIndonesiaRussiaOthers100709080405060102030100709080405060102030AustraliaQatarMalaysiaIndonesiaUSOthersAustraliaQatarMalaysiaIndonesiaUSOthers000044bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgas:Trademovements2020asLNGBillioncubicmetresFromToCanada––0.8–––––––––––––––––––0.8Mexico0.90.10.6––0.1––––––––0.20.10.1–0.3–––2.5US––1.0†0.1–––––––––0.2–––––––1.3NorthAmerica0.90.12.5†0.10.1––––––––0.40.10.1–0.3–––4.6Argentina0.5–0.3–––0.1–0.9–––––––––––––1.8Brazil2.8–0.40.1––––––––0.1–†–––––––3.3Chile2.1–0.7––––––––––––0.70.1–––––3.7OtherS.&Cent.America1.8–2.80.30.1†–––––0.1––––––––––5.1S.&Cent.America7.1–4.20.40.1†0.1–0.9––0.10.1–†0.70.1–––––13.9Belgium1.3–––†–0.9–2.8–––0.1–––––––––5.1France2.60.10.5–0.8–5.0–1.9––4.30.2–4.2–––––––19.6Italy2.1–0.1––†––6.8––2.8––0.20.1––––––12.1Spain5.40.22.20.20.50.13.4–3.1––0.50.40.14.01.0––––––20.9Turkey2.8–0.6–0.1–0.2–3.1––5.70.10.11.80.3––––––14.8UnitedKingdom4.7–1.0–0.4–2.9–9.0––†–0.20.3–––––––18.6OtherEU6.70.10.9–2.30.24.7–3.5––0.70.40.14.00.2––––––23.7RestofEurope––––––0.1–––––––––––––––0.1Europe25.60.45.20.24.10.317.2–30.2––13.91.10.414.61.6––––––114.8Egypt–––––––––––––––––––––––Kuwait0.5––––0.2–0.23.1––0.10.40.11.00.2––––––5.7UnitedArabEmirates0.3–0.2–––0.30.3––––0.2–0.3–––––––1.6OtherMiddleEast&Africa0.6–0.7–––0.3–0.1–––––0.2–––––––1.9MiddleEast&Africa1.3–0.9––0.20.60.53.2––0.10.50.11.50.2––––––9.2China4.41.50.3†–0.66.91.411.20.4–0.20.50.23.30.740.61.07.48.34.11.194.0India3.3–0.7––0.20.71.814.14.8–0.33.10.24.01.31.40.1––––35.8Japan6.40.9––––8.43.311.91.4–––0.11.9–39.75.43.014.84.70.2102.0Malaysia––––––––––––––0.1–2.61.0––––3.6Pakistan1.0–––––0.20.27.10.5–0.40.10.40.6–––0.10.1––10.6Singapore0.8–0.1–––0.10.20.5–––0.30.1–0.13.20.10.4–––5.7SouthKorea8.02.20.1–––2.85.413.00.3––0.50.10.50.310.90.43.76.70.40.155.3Taiwan1.5–0.2–––3.30.16.90.3–––0.20.5–6.70.31.61.02.2–24.7Thailand0.7–0.2––––0.23.0––––0.10.30.11.10.20.31.30.1–7.5OtherAsiaPacific0.4–––––0.1–4.1––0.1––0.80.1–––0.6–0.16.1AsiaPacific26.44.61.5†–0.722.512.771.87.6–0.94.41.311.92.5106.08.416.432.811.51.4345.4Totalexports61.45.014.30.54.31.340.413.2106.17.6–15.06.11.828.45.1106.28.416.832.811.51.4487.9Includesre-exports.Source:includesGIIGNL,IHSMarkit.†Lessthan0.05.Note:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15ºCand1013mbar)andhasbeenstandardizedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.NorwayPeruUSOtherAmericasTrinidad&TobagoOtherEuropeRussianFederationOmanQatarUnitedArabEmiratesYemenAlgeriaEgyptAngolaNigeriaOtherAfricaAustraliaBruneiIndonesiaMalaysiaPapuaNewGuineaOtherAsiaPacificTotalimportsNaturalgas:LNGexportsBillioncubicmetres20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19US1.51.80.80.20.40.74.017.128.647.461.429.2%50.1%12.6%Peru1.95.25.15.75.75.05.55.54.85.35.0-4.9%n/a1.0%Trinidad&Tobago19.618.218.318.417.616.414.313.516.617.114.3-16.3%-1.3%2.9%OtherAmericas–0.10.50.10.2†0.60.30.10.10.5392.3%n/a0.1%TotalAmericas22.925.224.724.323.922.124.536.550.169.981.316.0%13.2%16.7%Russia13.514.314.314.513.614.614.615.424.939.140.43.1%19.0%8.3%Norway4.64.44.63.84.65.66.15.46.86.94.3-37.8%8.2%0.9%OtherEurope0.51.73.65.28.45.44.52.55.01.91.3-29.3%22.7%0.3%TotalEurope&CIS18.620.422.423.526.625.625.323.436.747.946.0-4.1%16.7%9.4%Oman11.711.011.111.510.610.211.011.413.614.113.2-6.3%1.7%2.7%Qatar77.8100.7104.0105.8103.6105.6107.3103.6104.9105.8106.1◆7.4%21.7%UnitedArabEmirates8.78.38.17.98.67.67.77.37.47.77.6-1.0%-0.2%1.6%Yemen5.58.87.19.99.41.9–––––n/a-100.0%–TotalMiddleEast103.8128.7130.3135.2132.2125.4126.0122.3125.9127.5126.9-0.8%5.9%26.0%Algeria19.516.714.915.017.416.615.516.413.116.615.0-10.3%-2.5%3.1%Angola–––0.40.4–0.95.05.25.86.15.4%n/a1.2%Egypt10.09.06.93.90.4–0.81.22.04.51.8-60.4%-10.0%0.4%Nigeria24.125.727.922.526.126.924.628.227.928.828.4-1.5%6.0%5.8%OtherAfrica5.35.04.65.25.05.04.44.95.55.55.1-7.5%0.2%1.0%TotalAfrica58.856.454.247.049.548.546.255.753.661.256.4-8.1%0.9%11.6%Australia25.826.028.330.532.039.960.476.691.8104.7106.21.2%15.3%21.8%Brunei9.09.69.29.58.68.78.69.18.58.88.4-4.2%-0.3%1.7%Indonesia32.428.724.423.121.721.622.421.720.816.516.81.6%-4.8%3.4%Malaysia31.033.231.433.634.034.333.636.133.035.232.8-6.9%1.5%6.7%PapuaNewGuinea––––5.010.110.911.19.511.611.5-0.9%n/a2.4%OtherAsiaPacific–––0.10.20.80.50.80.60.51.4163.9%n/a0.3%TotalAsiaPacific98.397.593.396.8101.5115.5136.4155.4164.3177.2177.3-0.3%6.8%36.3%TotalLNGexports302.4328.3324.9326.8333.6337.1358.3393.3430.6483.8487.90.6%6.8%100.0%GrossLNGtrade.Source:includesGIIGNL,IHSMarkit.Largelyconsistsofre-exports.◆Lessthan0.05%.†Lessthan0.05.n/anotavailable.Note:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.Source:IncludesdatafromCISStat,FGE,IHSMarkit,PIRAEnergyGroup,Waterborne,WoodMackenzie.45bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Naturalgas:Trademovements2020bypipelineBillioncubicmetresFromToCanada––21.8–––––––––––––––––––21.8Mexico––54.3–––––––––––––––––––54.3US68.2†––––––––––––––––––––68.2NorthAmerica68.2†76.1–––––––––––––––––––144.3Argentina–––5.2––––––––––––––––––5.2Brazil–––6.2––––––––––––––––––6.2OtherS.&Cent.America––––1.1–––––––––––––––––1.1S.&Cent.America–––11.41.1–––––––––––––––––12.5Belgium–––––8.47.51.7––––––––––––––17.6France–––––3.817.61.7––2.6–––––––––––25.8Germany–––––13.031.21.6––56.3–––––––––––102.0Italy–––––1.65.48.4†–19.7–––––11.54.2––––50.8Netherlands––––––20.07.2––11.2–––––––––––38.4Spain––––––1.22.1––––––––9.1–––––12.3Turkey––––––––11.1–15.6––5.1––––––––31.8Ukraine–––––––14.7––––––––––––––14.7UnitedKingdom–––––1.023.70.3––4.7–––––––––––29.7OtherEU––––––0.356.7†–55.2–––––0.4–––––112.6RestofEurope–––––0.3–6.32.2–2.5–––––––––––11.3Europe–––––28.1106.9100.713.4–167.7––5.1––21.04.2––––447.1Belarus––––––––––17.6–––––––––––17.6Kazakhstan––––––––––3.20.10.7–––––––––4.1RussianFederation–––––––––7.1–3.80.1–––––––––11.0OtherCIS–––––––––0.15.30.50.50.5––––––––6.8CIS–––––––––7.226.14.31.30.5––––––––39.5UnitedArabEmirates––––––––––––––20.2–––––––20.2OtherMiddleEast––––––––0.2––––10.31.62.1––0.9–––15.1MiddleEast––––––––0.2––––10.321.82.1––0.9–––35.3SouthAfrica––––––––––––––––––3.7–––3.7OtherAfrica–––––––––––––––2.15.2–1.0–––8.2Africa–––––––––––––––2.15.2–4.7–––11.9Australia–––––––––––––––––––––4.44.4China–––––––––6.83.927.23.3–––––––3.9–45.1Malaysia–––––––––––––––––––0.4––0.4Singapore–––––––––––––––––––7.0–1.48.4Thailand––––––––––––––––––––6.9–6.9AsiaPacific–––––––––6.83.927.23.3––––––7.310.85.965.2Totalexports68.2†76.111.41.128.1106.9100.713.614.0197.731.64.616.021.84.126.14.25.67.310.85.9755.8†Lessthan0.05.Source:includesdatafromFGEMENAgasservice,IHSMarkit.Note:Asfaraspossible,thedataaboverepresentsstandardcubicmetres(measuredat15ºCand1013mbar)andhasbeenstandardizedusingagrosscalorificvalue(GCV)of40MJ/m3.BoliviaCanadaUSMexicoOtherS.&Cent.AmericaNetherlandsNorwayOtherEuropeAzerbaijanKazakhstanRussianFederationOtherMiddleEastUzbekistanTurkmenistanIranQatarAlgeriaLibyaOtherAfricaIndonesiaMyanmarOtherAsiaPacificTotalimports68.221.854.325.65.26.215.626.1152.16.93.97.33.726.46.113.921.05.24.221.811.137.33.96.77.250.611.135.440.613.139.25.16.920.8PipelinegasLNG11.05.14.417.25.84.67.148.64.117.2106.97.84.04.520.68.430.2USCanadaMexicoS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeMiddleEastAfricaAsiaPaciﬁcCISMajortrademovements2020Tradeflowsworldwide(billioncubicmetres)46bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Totalprovedreservesatend2020MilliontonnesAnthraciteandbituminousSub-bituminousandligniteTotalShareofTotalR/PratioCanada4346223665820.6%166Mexico11605112110.1%185US2189383000324894123.2%TotalNorthAmerica2244443229025673423.9%484Brazil1547504965960.6%Colombia4554–45540.4%90Venezuela731–7310.1%OtherS.&Cent.America17842418080.2%TotalS.&Cent.America86165073136891.3%240Bulgaria192217423660.2%192CzechRepublic1081251435950.3%113Germany–35900359003.3%334Greece–287628760.3%205Hungary276263329090.3%475Poland225305865283952.6%282Romania11280291◆19Serbia402711275140.7%189Spain86831911870.1%282Turkey55010975115251.1%168Ukraine320392336343753.2%UnitedKingdom26–26◆16OtherEurope1109517262810.6%189TotalEurope590847815613724012.8%299Kazakhstan25605–256052.4%226RussianFederation717199044716216615.1%407Uzbekistan1375–13750.1%333OtherCIS1509–15090.1%336TotalCIS1002089044719065517.8%367SouthAfrica9893–98930.9%40Zimbabwe502–502◆153OtherAfrica43766644420.4%280MiddleEast1203–12030.1%TotalMiddleEast&Africa1597466160401.5%60Australia737197650815022714.0%315China135069812814319713.3%37India105979507311105210.3%147Indonesia2314111728348693.2%62Japan34010350◆453Mongolia1170135025200.2%58NewZealand825675075750.7%Pakistan207285730640.3%396SouthKorea326–326◆320Thailand–106310630.1%80Vietnam311624433600.3%69OtherAsiaPacific142172621470.2%33TotalAsiaPacific34531311443745975042.8%78TotalWorld7536393204691074108100.0%139ofwhich:OECD33130317713050843347.3%363Non-OECD42233614333956567552.7%90EuropeanUnion2553953051785907.3%266Morethan500years.Source:FederalInstituteforGeosciencesandNaturalResources(BGR)EnergyStudy2021.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Totalprovedreservesofcoal–generallytakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertaintycanberecoveredinthefuturefromknownreservoirsunderexistingeconomicandoperatingconditions.Thedataseriesfortotalprovedcoalreservesdoesnotnecessarilymeetthedefinitions,guidelinesandpracticesusedfordeterminingprovedreservesatcompanylevel,forinstanceaspublishedbytheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommission,nordoesitnecessarilyrepresentbp’sviewofprovedreservesbycountry.Reserves-to-production(R/P)ratio–ifthereservesremainingattheendofanyyeararedividedbytheproductioninthatyear,theresultisthelengthoftimethatthoseremainingreserveswouldlastifproductionweretocontinueatthatrate.Reserves-to-production(R/P)ratiosarecalculatedexcludingothersolidfuelsinreservesandproduction.SharesoftotalandR/Pratiosarecalculatedusingmilliontonnesfigures.Coal47bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Worldcoalreservesin2020stoodat1074billiontonnesandareheavilyconcentratedinjustafewcountries:US(23%),Russia(15%),Australia(14%)andChina(13%).Mostofthereservesareanthraciteandbituminous(70%).ThecurrentglobalR/Pratioshowsthatcoalreservesin2020accountedfor139yearsofcurrentproductionwithNorthAmerica(484years)andCIS(367years)theregionswiththehighestratios.50030035025040045010015020050NorthAmericaS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeCISMiddleEast&AfricaAsiaPacific2020byregion0Reserves-to-production(R/P)ratiosYears18.515.124.32.15.434.732.83.71.627.321.613.02000Total1059053milliontonnes2010Total897226milliontonnes2020Total1074108milliontonnes17.812.823.91.31.542.8Distributionofprovedreservesin2000,2010and2020PercentageAsiaPacificNorthAmericaCISEuropeMiddleEast&AfricaS.&Cent.America80070050060030040010020000005101520NorthAmericaS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeCISMiddleEast&AfricaAsiaPacificWorldHistory48bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Coal:ProductionExajoules20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada1.481.481.491.531.511.361.371.331.221.140.89-22.0%-2.0%0.6%Mexico0.310.390.310.300.300.290.250.310.280.230.15-33.1%-1.0%0.1%US22.0922.2720.7220.0520.3317.9914.7015.6615.4014.2910.71-25.2%-4.1%6.7%TotalNorthAmerica23.8824.1522.5321.8722.1519.6416.3317.3016.9015.6611.76-25.1%-3.9%7.4%Brazil0.110.110.120.150.150.120.110.090.100.090.093.9%-3.4%0.1%Colombia2.142.472.562.462.552.462.602.602.422.431.46-40.2%1.5%0.9%Venezuela0.080.080.060.040.020.020.010.01†0.010.02181.9%-22.8%◆OtherS.&Cent.America0.010.020.020.070.120.100.080.050.050.030.03-10.5%7.4%◆TotalS.&Cent.America2.352.682.762.722.852.702.812.762.572.561.60-37.6%0.9%1.0%Bulgaria0.210.260.230.200.210.250.210.240.220.200.16-20.6%0.6%0.1%CzechRepublic0.870.880.850.740.710.710.670.640.620.560.43-24.3%-4.3%0.3%Germany1.921.962.001.891.851.791.661.651.581.190.98-17.9%-4.8%0.6%Greece0.310.310.340.280.270.240.170.190.180.210.11-49.0%-4.6%0.1%Hungary0.070.070.070.070.070.060.060.050.050.040.04-10.8%-4.4%◆Poland2.322.332.422.392.262.222.182.081.981.871.68-10.1%-2.3%1.1%Romania0.250.280.270.190.190.200.180.190.170.160.11-30.9%-5.0%0.1%Serbia0.300.330.310.320.240.300.300.300.280.290.291.7%-0.7%0.2%Spain0.140.110.100.070.070.050.030.050.030.070.0814.3%-8.4%◆Turkey0.730.750.710.650.680.540.650.630.690.730.60-18.1%◆0.4%Ukraine1.351.521.641.601.090.720.760.570.590.580.54-8.0%-8.0%0.3%UnitedKingdom0.480.480.440.330.310.230.120.090.070.060.05-23.0%-18.0%◆OtherEurope0.660.660.590.690.660.600.560.570.820.510.46-8.6%-2.4%0.3%TotalEurope9.609.949.969.448.607.907.567.257.286.485.53-14.8%-4.0%3.5%Kazakhstan1.992.082.162.152.051.931.852.022.132.072.04-1.7%1.3%1.3%RussianFederation6.326.607.057.257.397.808.128.629.239.238.37-9.6%4.5%5.2%Uzbekistan0.040.050.040.050.050.040.050.050.050.050.051.8%1.2%◆OtherCIS0.040.050.050.060.060.070.070.090.120.120.12-2.3%12.8%0.1%TotalCIS8.398.779.319.519.569.8410.1010.7811.5211.4710.58-8.0%3.9%6.6%TotalMiddleEast0.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.050.05-0.3%3.8%◆SouthAfrica6.036.006.146.086.205.966.015.976.016.215.97-4.1%0.6%3.7%Zimbabwe0.070.070.040.080.160.120.070.080.090.070.0924.5%4.7%0.1%OtherAfrica0.040.050.180.210.240.250.330.610.760.550.41-25.8%34.3%0.3%TotalAfrica6.156.116.366.386.596.336.426.666.876.846.47-5.6%1.4%4.1%Australia10.4910.2611.1311.9712.8112.8012.8312.5013.0913.2112.42-6.2%2.7%7.8%China69.7277.5378.4479.3278.0576.5970.8273.1776.8779.7680.911.2%2.2%50.7%India10.5710.4910.6810.7111.2811.7711.8911.9912.8012.6012.680.4%2.0%7.9%Indonesia6.798.729.5211.7111.3011.3911.2511.3813.7615.2013.88-9.0%9.2%8.7%Japan0.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.021.5%-4.5%◆Mongolia0.480.630.590.640.470.460.670.941.041.090.82-24.8%14.7%0.5%NewZealand0.140.130.130.120.100.090.070.070.080.080.07-8.6%-3.7%◆Pakistan0.060.060.060.060.060.060.080.080.080.130.1514.0%6.8%0.1%SouthKorea0.040.040.040.030.030.030.030.030.020.020.02-6.3%-7.9%◆Thailand0.210.250.200.200.190.160.180.170.160.150.14-7.3%-2.8%0.1%Vietnam1.051.090.990.960.960.980.910.900.991.091.144.5%0.5%0.7%OtherAsiaPacific0.870.930.960.980.991.061.331.141.061.481.37-7.5%6.2%0.9%TotalAsiaPacific100.45110.16112.76116.72116.30115.40110.09112.41119.99124.81123.62-1.2%2.9%77.5%TotalWorld150.84161.85163.71166.66166.07161.85153.33157.20165.17167.86159.61-5.2%1.6%100.0%ofwhich:OECD43.9944.3943.7043.4344.4241.3137.8138.2838.1836.4229.93-18.0%-1.7%18.8%Non-OECD106.85117.46120.00123.23121.65120.54115.52118.92127.00131.44129.67-1.6%2.8%81.2%EuropeanUnion6.456.576.596.245.995.835.445.395.204.563.79-17.1%-3.6%2.4%Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Includescoalproducedforcoal-to-liquidsandcoal-to-gastransformations.†Lessthan0.005.◆Lessthan0.05%.Note:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.Coalproductiondataexpressedinmilliontonnesisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.49bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Coal:ConsumptionExajoules20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada1.030.930.890.860.820.820.770.780.650.630.50-22.2%-4.5%0.3%Mexico0.530.620.540.530.530.530.520.640.570.540.21-61.5%2.3%0.1%US20.8819.7017.4218.0818.0415.5814.2613.8713.2811.349.20-19.1%-5.4%6.1%TotalNorthAmerica22.4521.2518.8519.4819.3916.9415.5515.2914.5012.529.91-21.1%-5.1%6.5%Argentina0.050.050.050.050.060.060.040.050.050.030.038.8%-1.7%◆Brazil0.610.650.640.690.730.740.670.700.690.650.58-10.9%3.4%0.4%Chile0.190.240.280.320.320.310.310.320.310.310.30-4.4%6.5%0.2%Colombia0.200.160.200.210.220.210.230.170.160.200.2731.4%1.8%0.2%Ecuador––––––––––––––Peru0.030.030.040.040.040.030.040.040.050.030.02-26.8%-0.9%◆Trinidad&Tobago––––––––––––––Venezuela0.010.010.010.010.010.010.01††††-35.1%-21.9%◆OtherS.&Cent.America0.100.110.110.130.140.150.160.130.150.230.2821.6%9.5%0.2%TotalS.&Cent.America1.181.261.321.451.521.501.451.421.411.451.481.5%4.1%1.0%Austria0.140.150.130.140.130.140.130.130.120.120.09-21.8%-0.1%0.1%Belgium0.160.150.140.150.140.140.130.130.130.130.11-17.6%0.5%0.1%CzechRepublic0.790.770.740.710.690.680.690.650.650.600.49-19.0%-2.3%0.3%Finland0.280.230.190.210.190.160.180.170.180.150.13-10.4%-4.1%0.1%France0.480.410.460.480.360.360.350.380.340.270.19-27.9%-5.1%0.1%Germany3.233.283.373.473.333.293.203.012.902.251.84-18.2%-2.9%1.2%Greece0.330.330.340.290.280.240.180.200.190.220.11-47.3%-4.7%0.1%Hungary0.110.110.110.100.090.100.090.090.090.080.07-6.7%-3.3%◆Italy0.570.640.660.570.550.520.460.400.370.280.21-26.1%-6.0%0.1%Netherlands0.320.310.340.340.380.460.430.390.350.270.18-33.4%-1.5%0.1%Norway0.030.040.030.030.040.030.030.030.030.030.03-0.3%3.4%◆Poland2.312.302.142.232.072.042.072.082.091.861.67-10.4%-1.5%1.1%Portugal0.070.090.120.110.110.140.120.140.110.050.02-53.8%-7.9%◆Romania0.290.340.320.250.240.250.220.230.210.210.15-27.0%-4.1%0.1%Spain0.290.540.650.480.490.570.440.560.460.160.07-53.7%-8.8%◆Sweden0.120.100.090.090.080.080.080.080.080.080.07-9.3%-0.2%◆Switzerland0.010.010.010.010.010.01†††††-0.3%-4.7%◆Turkey1.321.421.531.321.511.451.611.651.711.761.66-5.8%3.1%1.1%Ukraine1.601.741.791.731.491.141.361.081.171.080.98-8.9%-3.3%0.6%UnitedKingdom1.291.321.631.551.250.970.460.380.320.220.19-11.3%-16.0%0.1%OtherEurope1.601.711.551.551.421.441.441.431.391.341.10-18.0%-1.4%0.7%TotalEurope15.3415.9916.3415.8114.8414.2113.7013.2312.9011.139.40-15.8%-2.7%6.2%Azerbaijan†††††††††††-0.3%-16.4%◆Belarus0.030.030.030.040.030.030.030.040.050.060.06-0.7%8.0%◆Kazakhstan1.401.521.581.571.551.431.421.521.701.661.64-1.8%2.5%1.1%RussianFederation3.793.944.123.793.673.863.743.513.633.573.27-8.5%-0.8%2.2%Turkmenistan––––––––––––––Uzbekistan0.030.040.050.070.070.050.060.060.090.080.1032.4%6.6%0.1%OtherCIS0.040.050.050.060.070.080.080.090.090.090.1127.9%7.8%0.1%TotalCIS5.295.575.845.525.395.455.335.225.565.455.17-5.2%0.3%3.4%Iran0.050.060.050.060.070.070.060.070.070.070.07-0.3%2.7%◆Iraq––––––––––––––Israel0.320.330.370.300.280.270.230.210.200.210.17-19.8%-4.3%0.1%Kuwait††–0.010.010.010.010.010.010.01†-82.3%–◆Oman†††††††††0.010.0190.7%61.6%◆Qatar––––––––––––––SaudiArabia††††0.010.01†††††-0.3%16.4%◆UnitedArabEmirates0.030.020.060.070.080.070.080.090.080.080.1130.6%21.9%0.1%OtherMiddleEast0.010.020.020.020.030.020.020.020.020.010.010.4%6.1%◆TotalMiddleEast0.420.430.500.470.470.440.410.400.380.400.38-3.9%-0.1%0.3%Algeria0.010.010.010.010.010.01†0.010.020.020.02-0.3%-1.6%◆Egypt0.020.020.020.020.020.030.050.050.090.080.03-62.1%12.3%◆Morocco0.120.120.130.130.170.190.180.190.220.280.280.1%9.4%0.2%SouthAfrica3.893.793.703.703.753.523.783.723.533.643.48-4.6%-0.8%2.3%OtherAfrica0.150.180.170.220.320.280.260.310.350.300.30-0.4%7.8%0.2%TotalAfrica4.194.134.024.074.264.024.284.274.204.324.11-5.1%0.2%2.7%Australia2.192.132.001.891.881.951.941.881.831.751.69-4.0%-2.9%1.1%Bangladesh0.030.050.040.050.030.090.070.080.090.140.1511.1%11.0%0.1%China73.2279.7180.7182.4482.4980.9480.2180.5981.1181.7982.270.3%1.5%54.3%ChinaHongKongSAR0.260.310.310.330.340.280.280.260.260.260.14-46.9%-1.5%0.1%India12.1612.7513.8214.7916.2316.5516.8417.4418.5918.6017.54-6.0%4.7%11.6%Indonesia1.651.962.222.391.892.142.232.392.843.413.26-4.9%9.4%2.2%Japan4.874.624.885.074.995.035.025.104.994.914.57-7.0%1.4%3.0%Malaysia0.620.620.660.630.640.730.780.870.930.951.1418.7%7.9%0.8%NewZealand0.060.060.070.060.060.060.050.050.060.060.06-4.8%-0.5%◆Pakistan0.190.170.170.130.200.190.220.300.500.560.6211.0%10.5%0.4%Philippines0.290.320.340.420.450.490.550.650.680.730.73-0.9%11.2%0.5%Singapore†††0.010.020.020.020.040.020.020.022.3%60.6%◆SouthKorea3.233.503.383.413.533.583.413.613.633.443.03-12.2%1.8%2.0%SriLanka†0.010.020.020.040.050.050.060.050.060.077.0%38.1%◆Taiwan1.631.691.651.681.701.651.641.701.701.671.63-2.5%1.0%1.1%Thailand0.650.660.690.680.750.730.750.750.800.710.731.6%1.3%0.5%Vietnam0.610.730.670.720.871.101.191.191.582.072.101.4%16.0%1.4%OtherAsiaPacific0.670.560.580.450.510.490.620.620.631.231.23-0.6%6.0%0.8%TotalAsiaPacific102.34109.85112.20115.19116.62116.07115.90117.57120.30122.37120.97-1.4%2.3%79.9%TotalWorld151.21158.47159.08161.97162.50158.64156.61157.40159.26157.64151.42-4.2%0.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD45.9945.1243.2943.6342.9440.2437.9637.6536.3332.3027.46-15.2%-2.9%18.1%Non-OECD105.22113.36115.79118.34119.56118.40118.65119.75122.93125.34123.96-1.4%2.2%81.9%EuropeanUnion10.4410.7510.7010.5010.009.999.589.449.037.325.91-19.4%-3.0%3.9%Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Excludescoalconvertedtoliquidorgaseousfuels,butincludescoalconsumedintransformationprocesses.†Lessthan0.005.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Differencesbetweentheseworldconsumptionfiguresandtheworldproductionstatisticsareaccountedforbystockchanges,andunavoidabledisparitiesinthedefinition,measurementorconversionofcoalsupplyanddemanddata.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.50bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Worldcoalconsumptionfellby4.2%,itsfourthdeclineinsixyears.Inthenon-OECD,theonlynotableincreasesinconsumptionwereinChina(0.3%)andMalaysia(18.7%),whilesignificantconsumptiondeclineswererecordedforIndia(-6.0%)andIndonesia(-4.9%).OECDdemandfellsharply,ledbytheUS(-19.1%)andSouthKorea(-12.2%),tothelowestlevelinourdataseries(whichgoesbackto1965).Globalcoalproductiondeclinedby-5.2%,withChinaprovidingtheonlysignificantincrease(1.2%).ThelargestdeclinesinproductionalsocamefromtheUS(-25.2%)andIndonesia(-9.0%).018016014010012060402080950005101520Coal:ConsumptionbyregionExajoules018016014010012060402080950005101520AsiaPacificAfricaMiddleEastCISEuropeS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmericaCoal:ProductionbyregionExajoulesNorthwestEuropemarkerpriceUSCentralAppalachiancoalspotpriceindexJapansteamspotCIFpriceChinaQinhuangdaospotprice20181917161506050809071012131114200050100150CoalpricesUSdollarspertonne51bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Coal:TrademovementsExajoules20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19ImportsCanada0.360.240.230.220.260.220.190.220.230.210.18-14.7%-5.3%0.6%Mexico0.220.210.220.200.220.230.210.340.340.240.03-87.1%3.1%0.1%US0.510.360.270.240.280.280.250.190.150.170.14-15.3%-11.5%0.4%S.&Cent.America0.850.990.881.061.061.001.061.211.191.121.04-7.4%5.3%3.3%Europe4.825.636.095.856.096.035.405.866.445.123.90-24.0%0.2%12.3%CIS0.370.590.530.560.560.530.480.560.610.650.58-11.0%2.3%1.8%MiddleEast0.350.430.490.440.490.380.340.360.370.340.31-9.3%-1.7%1.0%Africa0.320.340.310.810.370.440.500.590.800.640.49-23.0%9.2%1.6%China4.455.206.717.636.624.695.655.876.136.406.613.1%6.9%20.8%India2.002.373.093.664.654.926.465.255.684.704.22-10.4%10.1%13.3%Japan4.844.614.875.065.005.055.015.065.014.904.56-7.2%1.5%14.3%SouthKorea3.113.383.303.323.433.543.533.893.923.733.26-12.8%3.3%10.3%OtherAsiaPacific3.183.293.653.612.733.964.605.055.555.576.4515.6%7.1%20.3%TotalWorld25.3927.6430.6132.6531.7631.2733.6934.4536.4233.7831.78-6.2%4.0%100.0%ExportsCanada0.921.030.991.131.000.860.780.941.041.020.97-5.9%3.5%3.0%US2.022.503.022.882.381.891.522.382.882.191.62-26.4%4.2%5.1%Colombia1.782.022.252.052.272.192.332.482.432.081.66-20.5%2.5%5.2%Europe0.120.160.200.680.130.100.130.190.250.240.22-10.0%0.3%0.7%Russia2.502.863.233.553.784.114.475.095.785.795.66-2.4%9.0%17.8%OtherCIS0.350.580.500.510.510.480.450.470.510.520.52-0.1%0.4%1.6%SouthAfrica1.982.042.222.102.182.302.162.713.031.621.640.9%-1.7%5.2%OtherAfrica0.110.040.130.110.180.262.020.620.220.270.15-43.3%25.4%0.5%Australia7.467.047.969.199.129.959.879.709.779.639.25-4.3%3.3%29.1%China0.590.440.280.280.360.450.510.420.420.340.18-47.7%-5.3%0.6%Indonesia6.207.188.168.578.427.487.738.088.568.498.51◆5.3%26.8%Mongolia0.480.580.630.490.530.410.730.950.991.040.79-24.3%19.8%2.5%OtherAsiaPacific0.761.010.900.920.770.650.770.300.390.300.25-17.0%-9.6%0.8%RestofWorld0.130.160.150.190.140.140.220.120.150.250.3749.6%5.0%1.2%TotalWorld25.3927.6430.6132.6531.7631.2733.6934.4536.4233.7831.78-6.2%4.0%100.0%◆Lessthan0.05%.Note:Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Intra-areamovements(forexamplebetweencountriesinEurope)areexcluded.Coal:Inter-areamovements2020ToExajoulesFromCanadaMexicoUSS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeCISMiddleEastAfricaChinaIndiaJapanSouthKoreaOtherAsiaPacificTotalCanada––0.010.040.10†–†0.140.060.230.310.070.97US0.130.02–0.260.60††0.070.030.140.250.100.021.62Colombia0.030.010.090.460.67†0.110.010.050.070.020.130.021.66Europe†††0.01–0.07†0.020.010.08††0.010.22Russia0.01†0.010.091.960.100.090.231.000.160.580.710.735.66OtherCIS––––0.100.41††0.01–†–†0.52SouthAfrica––0.010.010.08–0.070.12†0.62†0.040.691.64OtherAfrica––†0.010.02–†0.02†0.07†0.02†0.15Australia–––0.150.33†0.010.022.100.872.731.241.799.25China†††0.01††††–0.010.030.040.080.18Indonesia––0.01–0.01–0.01†2.342.040.690.642.788.51Mongolia––––†–––0.79––†–0.79OtherAsiaPacific††††0.01†0.01†0.150.120.020.010.260.58RestofWorld††††0.02†–††0.02†††0.04Totalimports0.180.030.141.043.900.580.310.496.614.224.563.266.4531.78†Lessthan0.005.Note:Commercialsolidfuelsonly,i.e.bituminouscoalandanthracite(hardcoal),andligniteandbrown(sub-bituminous)coal,andothercommercialsolidfuels.Intra-areamovements(forexample,betweencountriesinEurope)areexcluded.Coal:PricesUSdollarspertonneNorthwestEuropemarkerprice†USCentralAppalachiancoalspotpriceindex‡JapansteamspotCIFprice†ChinaQinhuangdaospotprice†200035.9929.90–27.52200139.0350.1537.6931.78200231.6533.2031.4733.19200343.6038.5239.6131.74200472.1364.9074.2242.76200560.5470.1264.6251.34200664.1157.8265.2253.53200788.7949.7395.5961.232008147.67117.42157.88104.97200970.3960.7383.5987.86201092.3567.87108.47110.082011121.4884.75126.13127.27201292.5067.28100.30111.89201381.6969.7290.0795.42201475.3867.0876.1384.12201556.7951.5760.1067.53201659.8751.4571.6671.35201784.5163.8395.5794.72201891.8372.84112.7399.45201960.8657.1677.6385.89202050.2842.7769.7783.10†Source:IHSMarkitNorthwestEuropepricesfor2000aretheaverageofthemonthlymarker,2001-2020theaverageofweeklyprices.IHSMarkitJapanpricesbasis=6,000kilocaloriesperkilogramNARCIF.Chinesepricesaretheaveragemonthlypricefor2000-2005,weeklyprices2006-2020,5,500kilocaloriesperkilogramNAR,includingcostandfreight(CFR).‡Source:S&PGlobalPlatts©2020,S&PGlobalInc.PricesareforCentralAppalachian12,500Btu,1.2SO2coal,FOB.Pricesfor1999-2000arebycoalpricepublicationdate,2001-2005bycoalpriceassessmentdate.2006-2020weeklyCAPP12,500Btu,1.6SO2coal,FOB.Note:CIF=cost+insurance+freight(averageprices);FOB=freeonboard.52bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021ConsumptionExajoules(input-equivalent)20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada0.850.870.870.950.980.920.910.910.900.900.87-3.6%0.6%3.6%Mexico0.060.090.080.110.090.110.100.100.090.100.10-0.8%0.3%0.4%US7.977.767.517.667.697.647.687.637.607.607.39-3.0%-0.4%30.8%TotalNorthAmerica8.878.728.468.718.758.678.698.638.588.598.35-3.1%-0.3%34.8%Argentina0.070.060.060.060.050.060.080.050.060.080.0925.5%-0.3%0.4%Brazil0.140.150.150.140.140.130.140.140.140.140.14-5.8%1.6%0.6%Chile––––––––––––––Colombia––––––––––––––Ecuador––––––––––––––Peru––––––––––––––Trinidad&Tobago––––––––––––––Venezuela––––––––––––––OtherS.&Cent.America––––––––––––––TotalS.&Cent.America0.200.210.210.200.190.200.220.200.200.220.235.0%0.9%1.0%Austria––––––––––––––Belgium0.450.450.370.390.310.240.390.380.260.390.31-21.6%-1.4%1.3%CzechRepublic0.260.260.280.280.280.240.220.260.270.270.27-1.3%0.5%1.1%Finland0.220.220.220.220.220.210.210.200.210.220.21-3.1%-0.4%0.9%France4.024.133.943.914.003.983.653.593.693.563.14-11.9%-0.8%13.1%Germany1.321.010.920.900.890.840.770.690.680.670.57-14.8%-6.2%2.4%Greece––––––––––––––Hungary0.150.150.150.140.140.140.150.140.140.150.14-2.1%◆0.6%Italy––––––––––––––Netherlands0.040.040.040.030.040.040.040.030.030.030.043.8%-1.4%0.2%Norway––––––––––––––Poland––––––––––––––Portugal––––––––––––––Romania0.110.110.110.110.110.110.100.100.100.100.101.0%-1.0%0.4%Spain0.580.540.570.520.530.520.530.520.500.520.52-0.8%0.4%2.2%Sweden0.540.560.590.610.590.510.570.590.610.590.48-19.1%1.8%2.0%Switzerland0.250.250.240.240.250.210.190.180.220.230.20-9.6%-1.4%0.9%Turkey––––––––––––––Ukraine0.840.840.840.770.810.800.730.770.760.740.68-8.8%-0.6%2.8%UnitedKingdom0.580.640.650.650.580.640.650.630.580.500.45-11.1%-2.6%1.9%OtherEurope0.330.350.340.320.350.330.330.330.330.340.340.6%-2.5%1.4%TotalEurope9.699.559.269.099.098.828.538.438.388.297.44-10.5%-1.3%31.0%Azerbaijan––––––––––––––Belarus––––––––––––––Kazakhstan––––––––––––––RussianFederation1.601.611.651.591.661.781.781.831.831.861.922.7%1.9%8.0%Turkmenistan––––––––––––––Uzbekistan––––––––––––––OtherCIS0.020.020.020.020.020.030.020.020.020.020.02-5.1%-1.8%0.1%TotalCIS1.621.641.671.611.681.811.801.851.851.881.942.6%1.8%8.1%Iran–†0.010.040.040.030.060.060.060.060.06-1.9%–0.2%Iraq––––––––––––––Israel––––––––––––––Kuwait––––––––––––––Oman––––––––––––––Qatar––––––––––––––SaudiArabia––––––––––––––UnitedArabEmirates––––––––––0.01––0.1%OtherMiddleEast––––––––––––––TotalMiddleEast–^0.010.040.040.030.060.060.060.060.0723.2%n/a0.3%Algeria––––––––––––––Egypt––––––––––––––Morocco––––––––––––––SouthAfrica0.130.120.120.130.130.110.140.130.100.120.1413.7%◆0.6%OtherAfrica––––––––––––––TotalAfrica0.130.120.120.130.130.110.140.130.100.120.1413.7%◆0.6%Australia––––––––––––––Bangladesh––––––––––––––China0.700.810.911.031.221.561.932.232.643.113.254.3%16.7%13.6%ChinaHongKongSAR––––––––––––––India0.220.300.310.310.320.350.340.340.350.400.40-1.8%9.7%1.7%Indonesia––––––––––––––Japan2.741.520.170.13–0.040.160.260.440.590.38-34.9%-13.8%1.6%Malaysia––––––––––––––NewZealand––––––––––––––Pakistan0.020.040.030.040.040.040.050.070.080.080.081.1%13.0%0.3%Philippines––––––––––––––Singapore––––––––––––––SouthKorea1.391.441.391.281.431.501.471.341.191.301.429.1%-0.7%5.9%SriLanka––––––––––––––Taiwan0.390.390.370.380.390.330.290.200.250.290.28-3.4%-3.0%1.2%Thailand––––––––––––––Vietnam––––––––––––––OtherAsiaPacific––––––––––––––TotalAsiaPacific5.474.513.183.173.403.824.234.444.955.775.820.6%1.0%24.3%TotalWorld25.9924.7522.9122.9523.2823.4623.6623.7424.1324.9323.98-4.1%-0.2%100.0%ofwhich:OECD21.6120.1418.1918.2118.2217.9817.8617.6417.5917.7816.67-6.5%-1.8%69.5%Non-OECD4.384.614.724.745.075.475.806.106.547.157.312.0%5.6%30.5%EuropeanUnion8.027.827.537.437.457.176.956.846.826.826.11-10.7%-1.3%25.5%Basedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.’Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableintheappendicesanddefinitionspageandatbp.com/statisticalreview.†Lessthan0.005.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.Nucleardataexpressedinterawatt-hoursisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.Nuclearenergy53bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021ConsumptionExajoules(input-equivalent)20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada3.303.513.533.613.503.483.493.553.453.383.420.7%-0.3%9.0%Mexico0.350.340.300.260.360.280.280.290.290.210.2412.9%-1.8%0.6%US2.412.952.542.462.342.242.392.672.592.542.560.5%-0.1%6.7%TotalNorthAmerica6.066.796.366.336.206.016.166.516.336.146.221.0%-0.3%16.3%Argentina0.380.370.340.380.370.380.350.370.370.330.27-18.1%-1.5%0.7%Brazil3.794.003.853.603.423.283.453.343.483.553.52-0.9%-0.4%9.2%Chile0.200.190.190.180.210.220.180.190.210.190.18-4.3%-2.2%0.5%Colombia0.380.450.440.410.410.410.420.520.510.480.39-19.3%2.3%1.0%Ecuador0.080.100.110.100.100.120.140.180.190.220.22-0.2%9.7%0.6%Peru0.190.200.200.210.200.220.220.260.280.280.27-3.7%4.1%0.7%Trinidad&Tobago––––––––––––––Venezuela0.720.780.760.770.720.670.560.530.510.430.28-35.4%-6.1%0.7%OtherS.&Cent.America0.840.850.880.900.840.830.900.910.890.760.72-5.3%-0.5%1.9%TotalS.&Cent.America6.586.946.776.546.296.126.216.306.436.255.87-6.4%-0.5%15.4%Austria0.360.320.410.390.380.340.360.340.340.360.360.6%-0.7%1.0%Belgium†††††††††††-7.2%-1.4%◆CzechRepublic0.030.020.020.030.020.020.020.020.010.020.026.0%-2.5%◆Finland0.120.120.160.120.120.150.140.130.120.110.1426.7%-0.8%0.4%France0.590.420.550.650.580.500.540.440.570.500.548.7%-0.7%1.4%Germany0.200.160.200.210.180.170.190.180.160.180.17-8.3%◆0.4%Greece0.070.040.040.060.040.060.050.040.050.040.03-14.1%-3.5%0.1%Hungary†††††††††††10.7%-1.0%◆Italy0.480.430.390.490.540.400.370.310.440.410.410.1%-1.2%1.1%Netherlands†††††††††††-37.9%-3.2%◆Norway1.101.121.311.181.241.251.291.281.241.121.2511.9%-0.6%3.3%Poland0.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.027.5%-2.5%–Portugal0.150.110.050.130.140.080.140.050.110.080.1140.2%◆0.3%Romania0.190.140.110.140.170.150.160.130.160.140.13-3.8%-0.5%0.4%Spain0.390.290.190.340.360.260.330.160.310.200.2421.5%-2.1%0.6%Sweden0.620.630.730.570.580.690.560.580.560.580.6511.8%-0.6%1.7%Switzerland0.340.300.360.350.350.350.310.310.310.340.33-0.5%-0.1%0.9%Turkey0.490.490.540.550.370.610.610.520.540.790.69-12.7%8.8%1.8%Ukraine0.120.100.100.130.080.050.070.080.090.060.06-4.2%-6.4%0.1%UnitedKingdom0.030.050.050.040.050.060.050.050.050.050.068.5%0.7%0.2%OtherEurope0.790.560.580.710.680.650.670.590.710.600.59-3.6%-0.9%1.5%TotalEurope6.105.315.806.105.905.795.895.265.795.605.823.7%◆15.3%Azerbaijan0.030.020.020.010.010.010.020.020.020.010.01-32.2%-4.4%◆Belarus†††††††††††◆22.1%◆Kazakhstan0.080.070.070.070.080.080.110.100.090.090.09-2.6%3.2%0.2%RussianFederation1.561.521.521.671.591.531.671.671.711.731.898.6%0.5%4.9%Turkmenistan†††††††††††-0.6%-0.6%◆Uzbekistan0.080.050.060.060.060.050.070.080.050.060.064.4%-0.6%0.2%OtherCIS0.290.310.310.300.290.280.280.310.320.320.31-2.3%1.7%0.8%TotalCIS2.041.981.982.112.031.962.142.172.192.212.366.2%0.7%6.2%Iran0.100.100.120.130.130.120.140.160.100.260.19-27.4%15.1%0.5%Iraq0.030.030.040.040.030.020.030.020.020.020.02-1.3%-1.9%0.1%Israel††††††––––––-100.0%–Kuwait––––––––––––––Oman––––––––––––––Qatar––––––––––––––SaudiArabia––––––––––––––UnitedArabEmirates––––––––––––––OtherMiddleEast0.030.040.040.040.020.010.010.010.010.020.023.1%-4.3%◆TotalMiddleEast0.160.170.200.220.180.150.180.190.130.300.23-23.8%10.0%0.6%Algeria†††††††††††-67.3%-8.3%◆Egypt0.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.110.120.12-1.2%-1.0%0.3%Morocco0.030.020.020.030.020.020.010.010.020.010.01-9.7%-7.4%◆SouthAfrica0.010.030.010.010.020.010.010.020.010.01†-49.1%-4.5%◆OtherAfrica0.840.860.880.930.980.950.920.991.051.081.134.4%3.5%3.0%TotalAfrica1.011.031.031.081.131.091.061.131.191.221.273.2%2.6%3.3%Australia0.130.180.160.180.130.130.160.120.160.130.132.3%0.5%0.3%Bangladesh0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01-15.4%6.4%◆China6.686.428.008.389.7110.1510.4410.4910.7311.3411.743.2%6.9%30.8%ChinaHongKongSAR––––––––––––––India1.021.231.071.221.271.211.161.221.251.441.450.4%3.7%3.8%Indonesia0.160.120.120.160.140.130.170.170.150.150.1716.8%3.2%0.5%Japan0.830.770.710.730.750.780.720.710.730.660.694.6%-0.1%1.8%Malaysia0.060.080.090.110.120.130.180.240.240.230.18-21.7%13.4%0.5%NewZealand0.230.230.210.210.220.220.230.220.240.230.22-5.9%◆0.6%Pakistan0.280.290.100.290.300.300.310.270.260.320.3610.3%1.8%0.9%Philippines0.070.090.100.090.080.080.070.090.080.070.06-11.0%-2.5%0.2%Singapore––––––––––––––SouthKorea0.030.040.040.040.030.020.030.030.030.020.0338.2%-0.7%0.1%SriLanka0.050.040.030.060.040.050.040.040.060.040.042.1%1.6%0.1%Taiwan0.040.040.050.050.040.040.060.050.040.050.03-45.8%3.4%0.1%Thailand0.050.070.080.050.050.030.030.040.070.060.04-28.5%-1.6%0.1%Vietnam0.270.380.490.530.570.520.600.800.760.600.611.2%7.9%1.6%OtherAsiaPacific0.380.440.440.490.490.450.530.550.530.610.643.7%6.7%1.7%TotalAsiaPacific10.3010.4311.7012.6013.9414.2614.7415.0415.3215.9716.412.5%5.7%43.0%TotalWorld32.2532.6633.8434.9935.6835.3836.3836.6037.3737.6938.161.0%2.1%100.0%ofwhich:OECD13.1313.4013.3713.4513.1712.9513.1213.0113.2512.8713.141.8%◆34.4%Non-OECD19.1219.2620.4821.5422.5022.4323.2623.5924.1224.8125.020.6%3.3%65.6%EuropeanUnion3.502.873.073.383.383.043.102.623.072.833.047.2%-1.0%8.0%Basedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.‘Input-equivalent’energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableintheappendicesanddefinitionspageandatbp.com/statisticalreview.†Lessthan0.005.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.Hydroelectricitydataexpressedinterawatt-hoursisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.Hydroelectricity54bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Nuclearconsumptionfellby4.1%(onaninput-equivalentbasis),itssharpestdeclinesincetheFukushima-relateddeclinein2011and2012.COVID-19andtheassociatedeconomicshockdrovepowergenerationlower,andnucleargenerationfellthemostinFrance(-0.4EJ)andtheUS(-0.2EJ).Hydroelectricconsumptionroseby1%,belowthe10-yearaverageof2.1%.GrowthwasledbyChina(0.4EJ)andRussia(0.2EJ),whilehydroconsumptionfellacrosstheSouth&CentralAmericaregion.Renewableenergyconsumption(includingbiofuelsbutexcludinghydro)grewby2.9EJ.Theannualgrowthrateof9.7%wasbelowthehistorical10-yearaveragebuttheabsoluteincreaseinenergytermswasroughlyin-linewiththelast4yearsandthelargestforanyfuelin2020.Bycountry,Chinawasbyfarthelargestcontributortorenewablesgrowth(1.0EJ),followedbytheUS(0.4EJ),thenJapan,theUnitedKingdom,IndiaandGermany(all0.1EJ).Windprovidedthelargestcontributiontothegrowthofrenewableselectricitygeneration(173TWh)followedcloselybysolar(148TWh).Theshareofsolarinthepowergenerationmixhascontinuallyincreasedoverthelast10yearsandsolarnowcomprises27%ofrenewablegeneration,albeitjust3.2%oftotalpowergeneration.403530202510515950005101520AsiaPacificAfricaMiddleEastCISEuropeS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmerica0HydroelectricityconsumptionbyregionExajoules30251520510950005101520RestofworldAsiaPacificCISEuropeNorthAmerica0NuclearenergyconsumptionbyregionExajoulesRenewablesconsumptionbyregionExajoules353010152025500041012161802060814200AsiaPacificAfricaMiddleEastCISEuropeS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmericaRenewablesgenerationbysourceTerawatt-hours35003000100020002500150050000041012161802060814200SolarWindOther55bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021RenewablesconsumptionExajoules(input-equivalent)20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada0.220.260.290.300.310.440.490.460.510.510.544.1%11.0%1.7%Mexico0.090.090.100.110.130.160.170.190.240.300.3619.9%13.8%1.1%US2.703.033.273.703.984.194.745.175.445.716.157.4%9.3%19.4%TotalNorthAmerica3.003.383.664.104.424.785.415.826.196.527.047.7%9.6%22.2%Argentina0.040.050.070.070.080.080.080.090.080.120.1310.0%22.0%0.4%Brazil0.890.850.871.021.191.411.461.591.801.992.010.7%10.0%6.3%Chile0.040.040.060.070.060.080.110.130.160.180.2112.9%18.9%0.7%Colombia0.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.05-6.6%9.0%0.2%Ecuador†††††0.010.010.010.010.010.019.4%13.2%◆Peru0.010.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.057.0%14.4%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago†††††††††††-0.6%-15.1%◆Venezuela†††††††††††-0.6%–◆OtherS.&Cent.America0.100.110.120.140.160.200.230.240.270.290.290.3%12.8%0.9%TotalS.&Cent.America1.121.111.191.371.571.861.962.152.412.692.751.9%11.1%8.7%Austria0.080.080.090.100.110.120.120.130.130.150.14-4.0%6.0%0.4%Belgium0.070.090.110.120.130.140.140.160.170.190.2321.7%13.5%0.7%CzechRepublic0.040.060.070.070.080.080.080.080.080.090.091.1%11.3%0.3%Finland0.110.120.120.130.140.140.140.170.180.190.190.2%7.7%0.6%France0.240.280.340.370.410.460.470.520.560.630.687.5%11.1%2.1%Germany0.901.111.251.301.431.661.641.881.972.102.214.7%9.7%7.0%Greece0.030.040.060.080.080.090.090.100.100.120.1418.6%14.6%0.4%Hungary0.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.050.0617.5%4.1%0.2%Italy0.300.400.530.600.610.630.650.670.640.650.672.6%10.7%2.1%Netherlands0.110.130.130.130.120.140.150.180.190.230.3339.1%7.1%1.0%Norway0.020.020.020.030.030.030.040.050.050.070.1152.0%16.9%0.4%Poland0.100.130.170.170.190.220.210.220.210.250.276.0%11.4%0.8%Portugal0.130.130.140.160.160.160.160.160.160.180.17-3.8%5.5%0.5%Romania0.010.020.030.050.070.090.090.100.090.100.100.7%30.4%0.3%Spain0.570.590.700.720.690.670.660.680.690.730.774.8%4.7%2.4%Sweden0.170.190.210.220.240.290.300.330.320.360.4114.0%9.6%1.3%Switzerland0.010.020.020.020.020.030.030.040.040.040.0510.0%13.6%0.2%Turkey0.040.050.070.110.120.150.210.270.340.390.4513.4%34.1%1.4%Ukraine††0.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.050.0975.9%40.3%0.3%UnitedKingdom0.260.320.370.490.590.740.740.880.991.091.209.9%16.8%3.8%OtherEurope0.240.290.330.360.390.430.430.490.510.580.603.6%11.1%1.9%TotalEurope3.484.114.795.265.646.326.417.147.528.248.948.2%10.6%28.2%Azerbaijan†––††††††††-3.5%60.2%◆Belarus†††††††††††4.2%12.2%◆Kazakhstan–††††††††0.010.03234.3%–0.1%RussianFederation0.010.01††0.010.010.010.010.020.020.0471.3%16.6%0.1%Turkmenistan†††††††††††-0.6%–◆Uzbekistan––––––†††††-0.6%–◆OtherCIS†††††††††††-2.5%41.7%◆TotalCIS0.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.020.030.040.0896.9%20.5%0.2%Iran††††††††0.010.010.013.4%14.5%◆Iraq–––††††††††-0.6%–◆Israel†††0.010.010.010.020.020.020.030.0570.1%39.4%0.2%Kuwait–––††††††††-0.6%–◆Oman–––††††††††1136.7%–◆Qatar–††††††††††-0.6%–◆SaudiArabia†††††††††0.010.01-0.6%109.2%◆UnitedArabEmirates†††††††0.010.010.040.0532.3%90.2%0.2%OtherMiddleEast††††††0.010.010.020.030.0422.7%71.8%0.1%TotalMiddleEast†0.010.010.010.020.020.030.050.070.120.1734.2%43.0%0.5%Algeria††††††††0.010.010.01-3.3%–◆Egypt0.010.020.020.010.010.020.020.020.030.060.0948.8%19.4%0.3%Morocco0.010.010.010.010.020.020.030.030.040.060.0610.3%31.2%0.2%SouthAfrica†0.010.010.010.030.060.070.100.110.110.114.1%34.1%0.4%OtherAfrica0.040.040.040.050.060.080.080.090.100.110.11-2.3%13.6%0.3%TotalAfrica0.060.070.070.080.120.180.220.250.280.340.3810.4%21.0%1.2%Australia0.090.110.130.160.180.210.230.240.290.370.4519.9%17.2%1.4%Bangladesh†††††††††††17.1%26.9%◆China0.771.051.361.812.232.643.444.615.816.757.7915.1%28.9%24.6%ChinaHongKongSAR†††††††††††44.5%56.1%◆India0.360.440.500.560.630.650.790.951.181.331.437.6%16.2%4.5%Indonesia0.100.100.110.120.160.130.200.210.260.350.376.3%13.7%1.2%Japan0.290.300.330.390.490.640.670.800.901.011.1311.9%14.8%3.6%Malaysia0.010.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.040.040.045.4%12.3%0.1%NewZealand0.080.080.080.090.090.100.100.100.100.100.100.3%4.1%0.3%Pakistan††††0.010.010.020.040.050.050.04-7.0%98.6%0.1%Philippines0.100.100.110.110.110.130.140.140.150.150.15-0.5%3.3%0.5%Singapore0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.011.4%5.5%◆SouthKorea0.060.080.090.120.150.180.190.240.270.300.3618.5%27.0%1.1%SriLanka†††††††0.010.010.010.0142.1%36.5%◆Taiwan0.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.050.060.070.0929.4%10.5%0.3%Thailand0.060.070.090.120.150.160.180.210.240.280.28-3.3%18.7%0.9%Vietnam†††††††††0.040.08128.1%48.7%0.3%OtherAsiaPacific†††††0.010.010.010.010.010.0212.4%26.8%◆TotalAsiaPacific1.952.402.883.554.284.926.067.639.3810.8712.3613.4%21.5%39.0%TotalWorld9.6311.0812.6014.3816.0418.1020.1123.0625.8828.8231.719.7%13.4%100.0%ofwhich:OECD7.048.119.1210.1210.9612.2013.0114.3515.3116.5618.048.6%10.5%56.9%Non-OECD2.592.973.484.265.085.907.108.7010.5712.2613.6711.2%19.4%43.1%EuropeanUnion3.113.654.254.554.815.305.335.846.006.516.976.7%9.3%22.0%Includesrenewablepower(apartfromhydro,whichisreportedseparately)andbiofuels.Consumptionofrenewablepowerisbasedongrossgenerationandnotaccountingforcross-borderelectricitysupply.“Input-equivalent”energyistheamountoffuelthatwouldberequiredbythermalpowerstationstogeneratethereportedelectricityoutput.Detailsonthermalefficiencyassumptionsareavailableintheappendicesanddefinitionspageandatbp.com/statisticalreview.†Lessthan0.005.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingexajoulesfiguresandincorporateadjustmentsforassumedchangesinthermalefficiency.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.Otherrenewablesdataexpressedinterawatt-hoursisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.Renewableenergy56bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Renewables:RenewablepowergenerationTerawatt-hours20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada19.321.023.123.724.739.846.341.647.547.151.28.4%11.6%1.6%Mexico8.79.110.511.613.816.618.119.925.932.339.220.9%14.7%1.2%US173.7201.9228.3266.2296.8315.8367.4417.7451.6483.7551.713.8%12.4%17.5%TotalNorthAmerica201.7231.9261.9301.5335.3372.2431.9479.3525.0563.1642.113.7%12.5%20.4%Argentina2.02.22.82.92.93.02.53.02.06.411.274.5%13.8%0.4%Brazil34.135.340.847.659.371.684.996.1106.3117.6120.32.1%17.2%3.8%Chile3.74.76.47.46.99.011.715.017.920.723.613.4%19.6%0.7%Colombia1.11.41.51.41.81.92.02.02.22.62.60.1%9.5%0.1%Ecuador0.20.30.30.40.50.50.60.50.50.70.74.0%12.4%◆Peru0.70.70.71.21.71.71.91.82.72.93.310.8%20.4%0.1%Trinidad&Tobago†††††††††††-0.3%-14.6%◆Venezuela†††††††††††-0.3%–◆OtherS.&Cent.America9.09.411.513.015.419.422.724.127.830.331.12.1%14.3%1.0%TotalS.&Cent.America50.954.064.173.888.6107.1126.4142.6159.4181.4192.96.1%16.6%6.1%Austria6.66.67.48.49.010.311.012.812.413.913.6-2.3%8.3%0.4%Belgium6.28.210.111.312.014.214.015.616.819.223.522.0%14.2%0.7%CzechRepublic3.15.26.06.57.37.67.47.77.88.08.0-0.2%13.6%0.3%Finland11.311.711.612.712.813.714.516.718.819.419.50.3%8.0%0.6%France15.519.625.528.631.537.539.144.049.557.164.312.2%16.3%2.0%Germany84.2106.4121.3129.3142.9169.8169.1196.2206.8222.7232.44.1%11.3%7.4%Greece3.14.15.78.07.78.89.49.810.412.114.620.0%15.7%0.5%Hungary2.82.52.42.62.83.03.03.33.54.55.114.5%5.3%0.2%Italy25.837.150.359.262.163.465.667.765.669.570.30.8%13.2%2.2%Netherlands11.112.312.412.111.613.614.617.418.822.732.040.9%7.8%1.0%Norway1.21.61.92.32.52.82.43.14.15.910.374.3%17.1%0.3%Poland8.010.814.814.617.720.720.721.619.623.525.68.7%14.1%0.8%Portugal12.212.613.815.716.015.716.516.717.018.618.1-2.9%6.4%0.6%Romania0.41.62.95.26.59.68.99.88.59.19.21.7%84.3%0.3%Spain54.655.666.474.271.168.968.269.569.873.880.58.8%4.5%2.6%Sweden15.717.619.421.322.027.127.129.928.933.540.119.3%9.2%1.3%Switzerland1.41.61.92.22.62.83.23.73.94.24.712.8%12.4%0.2%Turkey3.95.87.49.812.016.523.029.037.843.349.814.7%34.8%1.6%Ukraine0.20.30.81.31.71.71.61.92.65.39.783.4%40.0%0.3%UnitedKingdom22.629.535.948.558.677.177.693.0104.6114.6127.811.2%19.1%4.1%OtherEurope23.628.832.035.339.342.943.250.452.459.061.74.3%11.4%2.0%TotalEurope313.6379.5449.9509.2549.7627.5640.2719.7759.9840.0921.09.4%12.0%29.3%Azerbaijan†––0.10.10.10.10.10.20.20.2-3.1%61.1%◆Belarus0.10.10.10.10.10.10.20.30.30.50.54.7%22.3%◆Kazakhstan–††††0.20.40.40.51.13.7235.6%–0.1%RussianFederation0.50.60.50.50.81.01.11.21.41.83.592.4%13.8%0.1%Turkmenistan†††††††††††-0.3%–◆Uzbekistan––––––†††††-0.3%–◆OtherCIS††††††††0.10.10.1-2.2%42.5%◆TotalCIS0.60.70.60.71.01.41.82.12.53.88.1113.0%20.9%0.3%Iran0.20.20.20.20.20.30.30.40.80.91.03.8%15.2%◆Iraq–––†0.10.10.10.10.40.40.4-0.3%–◆Israel0.10.30.50.50.91.31.81.82.03.35.771.5%46.0%0.2%Kuwait–––††††0.10.10.20.2-0.3%–◆Oman–––†††††††0.21141.3%–◆Qatar–0.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.1-0.3%–◆SaudiArabia†††††††0.10.21.01.0-0.3%110.5%◆UnitedArabEmirates†††0.10.30.30.30.81.34.25.632.8%91.3%0.2%OtherMiddleEast††††0.10.31.11.72.73.64.523.1%72.8%0.1%TotalMiddleEast0.40.70.91.11.82.43.85.07.713.818.634.8%45.4%0.6%Algeria††††0.10.10.30.50.60.60.6-3.0%–◆Egypt1.41.71.81.61.21.92.62.73.56.59.749.3%20.1%0.3%Morocco0.70.70.71.21.92.53.43.54.86.37.010.7%32.0%0.2%SouthAfrica0.50.50.50.82.66.27.910.611.412.012.64.6%37.4%0.4%OtherAfrica3.83.94.55.26.78.99.49.710.812.612.4-1.9%14.3%0.4%TotalAfrica6.36.97.68.812.519.723.627.031.238.042.310.9%21.9%1.3%Australia8.411.113.216.418.321.724.125.732.241.249.920.6%18.6%1.6%Bangladesh0.10.10.10.10.20.20.20.30.30.40.417.5%27.6%◆China75.0104.3136.8183.8229.5279.1369.5502.0636.4742.0863.116.0%31.3%27.4%ChinaHongKongSAR†††††0.10.10.10.10.10.160.5%52.7%◆India33.941.949.555.963.065.179.899.1123.9139.2151.28.3%17.4%4.8%Indonesia9.49.59.69.510.210.311.013.114.514.916.812.8%4.8%0.5%Japan29.731.034.241.252.268.272.387.598.7111.2125.612.7%15.3%4.0%Malaysia1.31.51.51.20.91.01.11.12.02.63.119.4%6.6%0.1%NewZealand8.18.89.09.210.211.011.010.710.711.011.10.7%4.8%0.4%Pakistan††0.10.30.61.02.34.25.45.45.0-6.7%99.8%0.2%Philippines10.010.110.59.910.712.313.913.613.914.014.42.6%3.0%0.5%Singapore0.60.60.60.70.80.90.90.90.91.01.01.8%6.1%◆SouthKorea4.57.68.610.214.717.318.924.127.230.537.021.0%32.8%1.2%SriLanka0.10.10.20.30.30.40.50.70.70.81.142.6%37.3%◆Taiwan2.93.43.43.83.94.34.55.26.47.910.330.4%12.0%0.3%Thailand3.44.15.27.29.010.012.514.917.921.420.5-4.5%25.0%0.7%Vietnam0.10.10.10.10.10.30.30.40.54.19.5128.9%49.5%0.3%OtherAsiaPacific0.20.20.20.30.40.60.70.91.21.51.712.8%27.6%0.1%TotalAsiaPacific187.6234.5282.9350.4425.2504.0623.6804.3992.91149.21322.014.7%22.9%42.0%TotalWorld761.2908.21067.91245.51414.01634.41851.32180.22478.62789.23147.012.5%15.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD569.3672.8778.7886.7977.41113.91197.91347.81456.61599.31788.611.5%12.5%56.8%Non-OECD191.9235.4289.2358.8436.6520.5653.4832.41022.01189.91358.413.8%23.5%43.2%EuropeanUnion279.7336.0396.7439.7466.8521.3527.0583.2599.9658.5710.47.6%10.6%22.6%Basedongrossoutput.†Lessthan0.05.◆Lessthan0.05%.Notes:Annualchangesandshareoftotalarecalculatedusingterawatt-hours.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.57bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Renewableenergy:Generationbysource2020GrowthrateTerawatt-hoursWindSolarOtherrenewables‡2019TotalWindSolarOtherrenewables‡2020TotalWindSolarOtherrenewables‡TotalCanada32.74.210.347.136.14.410.751.210.2%4.6%3.9%8.4%Mexico16.77.48.232.319.711.97.639.217.5%60.7%-7.9%20.9%US298.9108.076.8483.7340.9134.076.8551.713.8%23.7%-0.3%13.8%TotalNorthAmerica348.3119.695.3563.1396.7150.395.1642.113.6%25.3%-0.5%13.7%Argentina5.00.80.66.49.51.30.411.289.0%67.6%-33.7%74.5%Brazil56.06.754.9117.657.08.055.4120.31.6%19.3%0.5%2.1%Chile4.96.39.520.75.67.610.323.614.6%20.5%8.0%13.4%Colombia0.10.12.42.6†0.22.42.6-54.3%36.3%-0.5%0.1%Ecuador0.10.20.50.70.10.20.50.7-0.3%-0.3%6.3%4.0%Peru1.70.80.52.91.80.80.73.38.7%1.7%30.6%10.8%Trinidad&Tobago–†–†–†–†–-0.3%–-0.3%Venezuela–†–†–†–†–-0.3%–-0.3%OtherS.&Cent.America11.14.315.030.311.44.715.031.12.5%10.5%-0.5%2.1%TotalS.&Cent.America78.819.183.5181.485.422.884.7192.98.2%19.0%1.1%6.1%Austria7.51.74.713.96.81.65.313.6-9.4%-6.8%10.4%-2.3%Belgium9.74.25.219.213.05.15.323.533.6%20.6%1.5%22.0%CzechRepublic0.72.35.08.00.72.25.18.0-0.4%-2.6%0.9%-0.2%Finland6.10.113.219.48.10.311.219.531.9%73.7%-15.1%0.3%France34.611.710.757.140.613.110.664.317.0%11.0%-1.7%12.2%Germany125.946.450.4222.7131.050.650.8232.43.7%8.8%0.5%4.1%Greece7.34.40.412.19.34.90.414.627.7%9.7%-7.5%20.0%Hungary0.71.52.24.50.62.42.15.1-12.0%58.0%-5.8%14.5%Italy20.223.725.669.518.726.025.770.3-7.7%9.3%-0.2%0.8%Netherlands11.55.35.822.715.38.18.732.032.3%50.6%48.9%40.9%Norway5.50.10.35.99.90.10.310.378.5%26.1%2.4%74.3%Poland15.10.77.723.515.72.07.925.63.8%179.3%2.5%8.7%Portugal13.71.33.618.612.41.74.018.1-9.8%25.9%12.5%-2.9%Romania6.81.80.59.17.01.70.69.22.4%-4.5%13.8%1.7%Spain53.115.15.673.853.220.86.580.5◆37.3%14.9%8.8%Sweden19.80.713.033.528.11.111.040.141.1%58.9%-15.9%19.3%Switzerland0.12.21.94.20.22.61.94.715.7%20.1%4.0%12.8%Turkey21.79.212.443.324.810.814.249.813.6%16.8%14.9%14.7%Ukraine2.02.90.35.33.26.20.49.756.6%110.3%8.4%83.4%UnitedKingdom64.312.937.3114.675.612.839.4127.817.2%-1.2%5.3%11.2%OtherEurope1.70.30.22.21.70.40.32.44.4%22.1%23.6%8.7%TotalEurope460.0152.8227.2840.0510.1178.9232.0921.010.6%16.8%1.9%9.4%Azerbaijan0.1†0.10.20.1†0.10.2-10.0%6.5%◆-3.1%Belarus0.20.20.10.50.20.20.10.510.5%1.3%1.6%4.7%Kazakhstan0.70.4†1.11.12.6†3.760.1%555.6%5.7%235.6%RussianFederation0.31.00.51.81.11.90.53.5260.5%88.5%-1.8%92.4%Turkmenistan–†–†–†–†–-0.3%–-0.3%Uzbekistan–†–†–†–†–-0.3%–-0.3%OtherCIS†0.1†0.1†0.1†0.1-0.6%-4.0%-0.3%-2.2%TotalCIS1.31.70.83.82.64.80.88.193.4%180.0%-0.9%113.0%Iran0.60.3†0.90.60.3†1.00.1%12.5%-0.3%3.8%Iraq–0.4–0.4–0.4–0.4–-0.3%–-0.3%Israel†3.10.23.3†5.50.25.7-0.3%75.8%-0.3%71.5%Kuwait†0.2–0.2†0.2–0.2-0.3%-0.3%–-0.3%Oman–†–†–0.2–0.2–1141.3%–1141.3%Qatar–†0.10.1–†0.10.1–-0.3%-0.3%-0.3%SaudiArabia–1.0–1.0–1.0–1.0–-0.3%–-0.3%UnitedArabEmirates–4.2†4.2–5.6†5.6–32.8%-0.3%32.8%OtherMiddleEast0.92.7†3.61.33.2†4.538.5%18.1%-0.3%23.1%TotalMiddleEast1.611.90.313.81.916.40.318.622.4%37.4%-0.3%34.8%Algeria†0.6–0.6†0.6–0.6-20.2%-2.7%–-3.0%Egypt4.61.9–6.56.82.9–9.748.5%51.3%–49.3%Morocco4.71.6–6.35.41.6–7.014.4%-0.3%–10.7%SouthAfrica6.74.90.412.07.05.20.412.64.4%5.3%-0.3%4.6%OtherAfrica2.91.97.812.62.62.17.612.4-10.2%12.9%-2.3%-1.9%TotalAfrica18.910.98.238.021.812.48.142.315.2%13.5%-2.2%10.9%Australia19.518.33.541.222.623.83.449.915.8%30.0%-1.9%20.6%Bangladesh†0.3†0.4†0.4†0.4-0.3%17.9%5.2%17.5%China405.3224.0112.7742.0466.5261.1135.5863.114.8%16.2%19.9%16.0%ChinaHongKongSAR††0.10.1††0.10.121.7%5.6%61.7%60.5%India63.346.329.7139.260.458.732.1151.2-4.8%26.5%7.9%8.3%Indonesia0.50.114.314.90.50.515.916.8-2.2%773.0%10.4%12.8%Japan6.772.332.2111.27.882.934.9125.615.1%14.4%8.1%12.7%Malaysia–0.71.92.6–1.21.93.1–68.8%0.7%19.4%NewZealand2.30.18.611.02.30.28.611.11.8%24.2%–0.7%Pakistan3.11.60.65.42.71.70.65.0-13.5%3.1%2.3%-6.7%Philippines1.01.211.714.01.01.412.014.4-1.7%9.9%2.2%2.6%Singapore–0.20.81.0–0.30.71.0–51.2%-10.9%1.8%SouthKorea2.713.014.930.53.116.617.337.016.9%27.1%16.4%21.0%SriLanka0.30.40.10.80.60.40.11.195.6%6.9%-0.3%42.6%Taiwan1.94.02.07.92.36.11.910.320.7%51.2%-2.2%30.4%Thailand2.24.614.621.42.24.613.720.5-0.3%-0.3%-6.4%-4.5%Vietnam†4.1†4.1†9.5†9.560.7%129.0%-7.0%128.9%OtherAsiaPacific0.50.80.31.50.51.10.21.7-0.3%27.4%-10.9%12.8%TotalAsiaPacific509.4392.0247.81149.2572.6470.3279.11322.012.1%19.6%12.3%14.7%TotalWorld1418.2707.9663.12789.21591.2855.7700.13147.011.9%20.5%5.3%12.5%ofwhich:OECD830.8378.8389.81599.3932.9455.7400.01788.612.0%20.0%2.3%11.5%Non-OECD587.3329.2273.41189.9658.3400.0300.11358.411.8%21.2%9.5%13.8%EuropeanUnion364.5125.2168.8658.5394.7146.1169.6710.48.0%16.4%0.2%7.6%Basedongrossoutput.‡Includeselectricitygeneratedfrom:geothermal,biomassandothersourcesofrenewableenergy(notalreadyitemized).†Lessthan0.05.◆Lessthan0.05%.Amoreextensivetimeseriesofrenewablesbysourceisavailableatbp.com/statisticalreview.Note:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.58bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Renewableenergy:SolarcapacityInstalledphotovoltaic(PV)powerGigawatts20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada0.20.50.81.21.82.52.72.93.13.33.30.2%42.6%0.5%Mexico††0.10.10.10.20.40.72.54.45.626.9%67.8%0.8%US2.05.28.111.816.021.733.041.451.458.973.824.9%47.8%10.4%TotalNorthAmerica2.35.79.013.117.924.436.044.957.166.782.823.8%48.2%11.7%Argentina–†††††††0.20.40.872.4%n/a0.1%Brazil††††††0.11.32.54.67.970.3%n/a1.1%Chile––††0.20.61.11.82.12.63.121.2%n/a0.4%Honduras†††††0.40.40.50.50.50.5-0.3%64.7%0.1%OtherS.&Cent.America0.10.20.30.40.60.81.01.72.12.62.85.9%46.3%0.4%TotalS.&Cent.America0.10.20.30.50.81.82.75.27.510.815.139.6%67.4%2.1%Austria0.10.20.30.60.80.91.11.31.51.72.230.1%42.6%0.3%Belgium1.02.02.62.93.03.13.33.64.04.65.621.4%28.2%0.8%Bulgaria†0.21.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.12.1%87.0%0.2%CzechRepublic1.71.92.02.12.12.12.12.12.12.12.1-1.0%16.2%0.3%Denmark††0.40.60.60.80.90.91.01.11.320.0%71.2%0.2%France1.03.04.45.36.07.17.78.69.710.811.78.3%44.2%1.7%Germany18.025.934.136.737.939.240.742.345.249.053.89.4%16.6%7.6%Greece0.20.61.52.62.62.62.62.62.72.83.214.3%51.0%0.5%Hungary††††0.10.20.20.30.71.42.039.1%106.4%0.3%Italy3.613.116.818.218.618.919.319.720.120.921.63.2%32.4%3.1%Netherlands0.10.10.30.71.01.52.12.94.67.210.241.9%59.1%1.4%Poland––†††0.10.20.30.61.53.9155.0%n/a0.6%Portugal0.10.20.20.30.40.40.50.60.70.91.013.5%22.9%0.1%Romania†††0.81.31.31.41.41.41.41.4-1.1%159.7%0.2%Slovakia–†0.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.60.60.2%n/a0.1%Spain3.94.34.64.74.74.74.74.74.89.011.831.0%10.1%1.7%Sweden††††0.10.10.20.20.40.71.497.9%54.9%0.2%Switzerland0.10.20.40.81.11.41.71.92.22.63.222.8%41.8%0.5%Turkey†††††0.20.83.45.16.06.710.9%104.4%0.9%Ukraine†0.20.40.70.80.81.01.22.05.97.323.2%n/a1.0%UnitedKingdom0.11.01.82.95.59.611.912.813.113.313.61.3%86.0%1.9%OtherEurope0.10.60.30.50.60.70.91.11.31.72.125.8%41.5%0.3%TotalEurope30.153.671.781.988.897.5104.7113.5124.4146.3167.814.4%24.1%23.7%RussianFederation––†††0.10.10.20.51.11.433.9%n/a0.2%OtherCIS††††0.10.10.20.20.51.21.850.5%97.7%0.3%TotalCIS††††0.10.20.20.41.02.33.242.7%110.6%0.5%Israel0.10.20.20.40.70.80.91.01.11.21.2-0.3%47.4%0.2%Jordan––††††0.30.40.81.11.423.1%n/a0.2%UnitedArabEmirates†††††††0.30.51.82.433.8%68.3%0.3%OtherMiddleEast†††0.10.10.20.30.51.01.41.511.1%68.0%0.2%TotalMiddleEast0.10.20.30.50.81.01.52.13.35.56.518.6%62.7%0.9%Algeria––––††0.20.40.40.40.4-0.3%n/a0.1%Egypt†††††††0.20.71.61.71.7%104.2%0.2%Morocco††††††††0.20.20.2-0.3%31.3%0.0%SouthAfrica†††0.31.11.32.03.14.44.45.524.3%n/a0.8%OtherAfrica0.20.20.20.40.50.60.71.01.31.61.76.7%33.1%0.2%TotalAfrica0.20.30.30.71.61.93.04.77.18.39.514.5%54.5%1.3%Australia1.12.53.84.65.46.16.97.68.913.617.629.6%44.7%2.5%China1.03.16.717.728.443.577.8130.8175.0204.6253.823.7%85.9%35.9%India0.10.61.01.43.45.49.717.927.134.939.011.5%97.1%5.5%Japan3.64.96.412.119.328.638.444.255.561.567.08.6%37.2%9.5%Malaysia†††0.10.20.20.30.40.50.91.568.8%109.6%0.2%Pakistan†††0.10.20.30.60.70.70.70.73.1%69.2%0.1%Philippines†††††0.20.80.90.91.01.07.4%99.0%0.1%SouthKorea0.70.71.01.62.53.64.55.87.110.514.638.4%35.0%2.1%Taiwan†0.10.20.40.60.81.21.82.74.15.839.8%83.7%0.8%Thailand†0.10.40.81.31.42.42.73.03.03.0-0.3%55.1%0.4%Vietnam††††††††0.14.916.5236.0%106.3%2.3%OtherAsiaPacific0.80.10.20.20.30.40.60.80.91.42.044.5%16.5%0.3%TotalAsiaPacific7.312.119.839.161.690.6143.2213.6282.5341.0422.623.6%54.9%59.7%TotalWorld40.172.0101.4135.7171.6217.5291.3384.5482.9580.8707.521.5%38.3%100.0%Source:IRENA(2021),Renewablecapacitystatistics2021InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA),AbuDhabi.Endofyear.†Lessthan0.05.Notes:CapacityfiguresinthistableareonanACbasis.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.59bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Renewableenergy:WindcapacityInstalledwindturbinecapacityGigawatts20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada4.05.36.27.89.711.212.012.412.813.413.60.9%15.1%1.9%Mexico0.50.61.82.12.63.34.14.24.96.68.123.0%31.5%1.1%US39.145.759.160.064.272.681.387.694.4103.6117.713.4%11.7%16.1%TotalNorthAmerica43.651.567.169.976.587.197.3104.2112.1123.6139.412.5%12.5%19.0%Argentina†0.10.10.20.20.20.20.30.81.62.662.6%50.1%0.4%Brazil0.91.41.92.24.97.610.112.314.815.417.211.1%38.3%2.3%Chile0.20.20.20.30.70.91.01.31.51.62.132.3%25.8%0.3%CostaRica0.10.10.10.10.20.30.30.40.40.40.4-4.4%13.1%0.1%Uruguay††0.10.10.50.91.21.51.51.51.5-0.3%47.7%0.2%OtherS.&Cent.America0.20.40.60.71.01.41.61.61.82.12.523.6%28.8%0.3%TotalS.&Cent.America1.52.23.13.67.511.214.517.320.822.626.416.4%35.2%3.6%Austria1.01.11.31.72.12.52.72.93.13.23.2-0.3%12.4%0.4%Belgium0.91.11.41.81.92.22.42.83.33.94.721.1%20.3%0.6%Bulgaria0.50.50.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.7-0.3%7.8%0.1%Denmark3.84.04.24.84.95.15.25.56.16.16.21.9%5.8%0.9%Finland0.20.20.30.40.61.01.62.02.02.32.58.1%31.6%0.3%France5.96.87.68.29.210.311.613.514.916.417.45.5%13.6%2.4%Germany26.928.731.033.538.644.649.455.658.760.762.22.1%9.0%8.5%Greece1.31.61.81.82.02.12.42.62.93.64.114.3%11.9%0.6%Ireland1.41.61.72.02.32.52.83.33.74.24.33.1%12.8%0.6%Italy5.86.98.18.58.79.19.49.710.210.710.81.2%8.1%1.5%Netherlands2.22.32.42.72.93.44.34.24.44.56.646.8%7.3%0.9%Norway0.40.50.70.80.90.90.91.21.72.94.036.1%21.3%0.5%Poland1.11.82.63.43.84.95.75.85.85.86.37.1%23.5%0.9%Portugal3.84.34.44.64.94.95.15.15.25.25.20.0%4.6%0.7%Romania0.41.01.82.83.23.13.03.03.03.03.0-0.8%70.1%0.4%Spain20.721.522.823.022.922.923.023.123.425.627.15.6%2.9%3.7%Sweden2.02.83.64.25.15.86.46.67.38.79.711.3%19.4%1.3%Turkey1.31.72.32.83.64.55.86.57.07.68.816.0%25.4%1.2%Ukraine0.10.10.20.40.50.50.50.60.61.31.411.2%30.8%0.2%UnitedKingdom5.46.69.011.313.114.316.119.621.824.124.72.1%18.5%3.4%OtherEurope1.01.31.61.71.92.22.52.83.13.43.75.6%16.3%0.5%TotalEurope86.296.4109.4121.0133.8147.5161.5177.1189.0203.9216.65.9%10.3%29.5%RussianFederation††††††††0.10.10.9824.8%26.1%0.1%OtherCIS††††0.10.10.10.20.20.40.653.4%55.3%0.1%TotalCIS††††0.10.10.10.20.30.51.5218.3%41.7%0.2%Iran0.10.10.10.10.10.20.20.30.30.30.30.0%12.6%0.0%Jordan†††††0.10.20.20.30.40.538.8%74.7%0.1%OtherMiddleEast†††††††††0.10.1-0.1%29.5%0.0%TotalMiddleEast0.10.10.10.10.20.30.40.50.60.80.918.7%22.5%0.1%Egypt0.60.60.60.60.60.80.80.81.11.41.4-0.3%12.2%0.2%Morocco0.20.30.30.50.80.80.91.01.21.21.414.4%18.7%0.2%SouthAfrica†††0.30.61.11.52.12.12.12.625.5%73.6%0.4%Tunisia0.10.10.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.2-0.3%16.5%0.0%OtherAfrica†0.10.10.20.20.50.50.50.80.80.8-0.3%62.1%0.1%TotalAfrica0.81.01.11.72.43.33.84.65.55.86.512.2%23.1%0.9%Australia1.92.12.63.23.84.24.34.85.77.19.532.2%15.4%1.3%China29.646.461.676.796.8131.0148.5164.4184.7209.5282.034.2%28.1%38.5%India13.216.217.318.422.525.128.732.835.337.538.62.5%13.1%5.3%Japan2.32.42.62.62.82.83.23.53.73.84.210.8%6.6%0.6%NewZealand0.50.50.60.60.70.70.70.70.70.70.813.5%3.3%0.1%Pakistan††0.10.10.20.30.60.81.21.21.2-0.3%70.4%0.2%Philippines††††0.30.40.40.40.40.40.4-0.3%29.7%0.1%SouthKorea0.40.40.50.60.60.81.11.21.41.51.67.9%15.7%0.2%Taiwan0.50.50.60.60.60.60.70.70.70.80.8-0.3%8.5%0.1%Thailand††0.10.20.20.20.50.61.11.51.5-0.3%76.6%0.2%OtherAsiaPacific0.10.10.20.20.30.40.40.50.70.91.232.4%30.1%0.2%TotalAsiaPacific48.568.786.0103.4128.8166.7189.2210.5235.6265.1341.928.6%23.0%46.6%TotalWorld180.9220.1267.1300.3349.7416.2466.9514.4563.8622.2733.317.5%15.3%100.0%Source:IRENA(2021),Renewablecapacitystatistics2021InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA),AbuDhabi.Endofyear.†Lessthan0.05.Notes:CapacityfiguresinthistableareonanACbasis.Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.60bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Renewables:BiofuelsproductionThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada1518171822212222222421-10.2%5.4%1.3%Mexico–––––––––––n/an/a–US499556531555588605642664684665602-9.6%4.6%35.9%TotalNorthAmerica514574548574609625664686707689623-9.6%4.7%37.2%Argentina3242433849385358514627-40.3%9.1%1.6%Brazil292251257299315338317320384411395-4.0%4.5%23.5%Colombia811121213131312141312-9.0%8.2%0.7%OtherS.&Cent.America4556781010111312-3.1%13.7%0.7%TotalS.&Cent.America336309316356384396392399461482446-7.5%5.1%26.6%Austria777767877773.2%0.3%0.4%Belgium788811778888-0.7%12.8%0.5%Finland6456782656714.7%3.9%0.4%France4342494647494544514743-8.0%0.7%2.6%Germany5958545864596061636665-0.6%3.3%3.9%Italy151169101010121315167.7%0.4%0.9%Netherlands712242833362837363837-1.7%23.7%2.2%Poland881213141517171718193.4%9.2%1.1%Portugal56556666676-15.6%4.6%0.3%Spain1916111419212235403932-19.0%8.7%1.9%Sweden44444443787-9.9%8.9%0.4%UnitedKingdom5369761014131110-5.7%10.6%0.6%OtherEurope2022262828313335393936-6.4%7.1%2.2%TotalEurope204201217234256260252286304309295-4.6%5.6%17.6%TotalCIS1†1††††††††◆-3.7%◆TotalMiddleEast†††††††††††–2.7%◆TotalAfrica22222332333–-6.0%0.2%Australia34455422233-4.5%-4.3%0.2%China293638424740394745556316.0%6.4%3.8%India35555101211182120-8.1%26.2%1.2%Indonesia427334159245450911241262.1%46.0%7.5%SouthKorea65777888131312-4.9%12.2%0.7%Thailand1617243034363137404544-3.6%14.2%2.6%OtherAsiaPacific816212835363432374541-8.3%18.3%2.5%TotalAsiaPacific681091321581911591801882463063101.1%17.1%18.5%TotalWorld11251195121513251443144414911562172117901677-6.3%6.2%100.0%ofwhich:OECD73579278582888690693598810351020938-8.0%4.9%56.0%Non-OECD391404430497557537557574686770738-4.1%8.3%44.0%EuropeanUnion198195210223247252239267287293279-4.7%5.4%16.7%BiofuelsproductionbyfueltypeThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19BiogasolineCanada&Mexico1316161617161616171816-12.2%4.0%1.7%US480502475479516534554575580569501-12.0%3.7%52.2%Brazil257212217256264280261256305324300-7.4%3.0%31.2%OtherS.&Cent.America79101417192123242421-10.6%13.9%2.2%Europe3640465251565256575449-7.7%5.9%5.1%CIS–––††††††††-0.3%n/a◆MiddleEast†††††††††††–2.7%◆Africa22222332333–-6.0%0.3%AsiaPacific3139404753575158657670-7.7%10.0%7.3%TotalWorld82582080786692096595998710521067960-10.0%4.0%100.0%ofwhich:OECD534564543553590613628652660647572-11.6%3.8%59.5%Non-OECD292256264313330353331336391420389-7.5%4.4%40.5%EuropeanUnion3340444645524748515047-6.4%5.5%4.9%Biodiesel‡Canada&Mexico22125466655-3.1%12.5%0.7%US1954557671708789104961014.6%12.8%14.1%Brazil35394043505856637987958.7%13.9%13.2%OtherS.&Cent.America3748494353405457524830-36.8%8.0%4.2%Europe168160171183205203200230248255245-4.0%5.5%34.2%CIS1†1††††††††–-3.8%◆MiddleEast–––––––––––n/an/a–Africa––†††††––––n/an/a–AsiaPacific3771911111381021291291812302404.0%21.1%33.5%TotalWorld300375409459523478532575670723716-0.9%10.8%100.0%ofwhich:OECD201227242274296294307337375373367-1.7%7.2%51.2%Non-OECD99148167184227185225238295349349◆16.8%48.8%EuropeanUnion165156166177201199192219236243233-4.3%5.3%32.5%Source:includesdatafromIHSMarkit;USEnergyInformationAdministration(March2021).Totalbiofuelsincludesbiogasoline(suchasethanol),biodieselandbiojet.Volumeshavebeenadjustedforenergycontent.‡Biodieselproductionincludesbiojetwhichiscurrently<1kboedgloballybutmorethandoubledrelativeto2019.†Lessthan0.5.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsadayoilequivalentfigures.61bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Renewables:BiofuelsconsumptionThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada1727353536343238394236-13.2%11.2%2.2%Mexico222233344440.4%7.5%0.2%US478515513556564586632633626626558-10.9%4.2%33.2%TotalNorthAmerica497543551593603623668675669671598-11.0%4.5%35.6%Argentina1014171922242630282916-46.5%n/a0.9%Brazil257235222261288341310326378420418-0.4%5.7%24.9%Colombia1012121213131314151614-10.9%9.0%0.8%OtherS.&Cent.America1112141515161718171716-8.2%7.1%0.9%TotalS.&Cent.America287272265307338395365387439482464-3.8%6.5%27.6%Austria10101081012109998-11.5%-0.4%0.5%Belgium77668589991123.6%13.5%0.6%Finland233488376773.8%11.9%0.4%France4444484952535354535549-10.3%2.1%2.9%Germany515356505350505153526321.8%0.2%3.8%Italy262528242025252526152141.2%-3.1%1.3%Netherlands4777788911141831.3%7.2%1.1%Poland121314141312811171817-5.7%4.7%1.0%Portugal66555755555-11.7%2.3%0.3%Spain2732391718182124313123-28.1%18.5%1.3%Sweden910121216192528272725-9.6%17.8%1.5%UnitedKingdom2120171922171817243129-4.4%5.2%1.8%OtherEurope22263138363743505261610.8%12.2%3.7%TotalEurope2412552762532692712762983233363391.0%5.2%20.2%TotalCIS111†††1223312.6%21.9%0.2%TotalMiddleEast†††††††††††-26.4%-4.4%◆TotalAfrica†1111111111-0.9%8.9%0.1%Australia444564433332.4%-0.1%0.2%China3235415059444442546156-8.1%6.7%3.3%India18201919222328253338393.2%10.3%2.3%Indonesia571117281546395696982.5%39.4%5.8%SouthKorea767109888131313-0.9%10.7%0.8%Thailand1414182428303134374242-0.2%12.2%2.5%OtherAsiaPacific810131619222425262724-10.9%17.8%1.4%TotalAsiaPacific8696114142171147184176223279274-1.6%14.0%16.3%TotalWorld11121168120612971382143814951538165817721679-5.2%6.2%100.0%ofwhich:OECD75882084887189892096799610211033961-6.9%4.8%57.2%Non-OECD354348359425484518528542636739718-2.8%8.7%42.8%EuropeanUnion2172332552242412482482652852872942.2%4.7%17.5%BiofuelsconsumptionbyfueltypeThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19BiogasolineUS464465463477485503516522520525454-13.4%2.8%45.6%Canada&Mexico1522282830303032333431-10.5%8.5%3.1%Brazil222197181218238283254263300333324-2.7%4.3%32.5%OtherS.&Cent.America1213151820222426272723-14.4%10.2%2.3%Europe5355565252535254566158-5.9%3.6%5.8%CIS––––––†11229.9%n/a0.2%MiddleEast††††††††††0-26.4%-4.4%◆Africa†1111111111-0.9%8.9%0.1%AsiaPacific525760667382888297110105-5.0%9.0%10.5%TotalWorld81981080486190097496598110361093997-8.8%4.1%100.0%ofwhich:OECD541552556567579598610620623632555-12.2%3.2%55.6%Non-OECD278258248294322377355361413461442-4.1%5.6%44.4%EuropeanUnion4749484343434244465049-3.2%2.4%4.9%BiodieselUS1549508079831161111061011042.5%18.9%15.2%Canada&Mexico3798876910119-17.2%28.0%1.3%Brazil35384043505856637987958.6%14.2%13.9%OtherS.&Cent.America1824282830313135343522-36.3%21.1%3.3%Europe1872002212012172192242442672742812.6%5.6%41.2%CIS111†††1111116.6%11.4%0.2%MiddleEast–––––––––––n/an/a–Africa–––––––––––n/an/a–AsiaPacific34405475976697931261691700.6%19.3%24.9%TotalWorld2943584024364824645305566226786820.5%11.1%100.0%ofwhich:OECD2182692923043193223583763994014061.4%8.1%59.5%Non-OECD7690110131163142173180223278276-0.6%18.1%40.5%EuropeanUnion1691842071811982042062212392372453.4%5.2%35.9%Includesbiogasoline(suchasethanol)andbiodiesel.Volumeshavebeenadjustedforenergycontent.†Lessthan0.5.◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Annualchangesandsharesoftotalarecalculatedusingthousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperdayfigures.62bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Biofuelsproductionfell6%globallyin2020(113,000barrelsofoilequivalentperdayorboe/d)incontrasttothe6%averagegrowthforthe10yearsprior.ModerategrowthinAsia(4,000boe/d)wasmorethancompensatedbyadeclineintheUS(64,000boe/d),Argentina(19,000boe/d)andBrazil(16,000boe/d).Asia’sproductionwasresilientduetoanincreaseinbiodieselwhereasethanolproductiondecreasedinallmajorregionsby7to12%(107,000boe/dglobally).BiodieselisthedominantfuelproducedinEuropeandAsiaPacific(makingup83%and77%ofbiofuelsrespectivelyin2020),whileethanolisthemainfuelinNorthAmerica(83%oftotal)andSouthandCentralAmerica(72%).Biofuelsconsumptionfellby5%(92,000boe/d).Aswithproduction,thedeclinewaslargestintheUS(68,000boe/d),mostofwhichwasethanol,butalsoinArgentina(13,000boe/d),duetoreducedbiodieselconsumption.Europeanbiofuelconsumptiongrew1%in2020(3,000boe/d).Atthegloballevel,ethanolmadeup59%ofbiofuelsin2019,buttheshareofbiodieselhasrisencontinually.Forexample,biodiesel’ssharewas26%in2010butroseto41%lastyear.2000100015005000002040608101214161820RestofWorldAsiaPacificEuropeS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmerica0WorldbiofuelsproductionThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday2000100015005000002040608101214161820BiodieselEthanol0750625500375250125NorthAmericaS.&Cent.AmericaEuropeAsiaPacificRestofWorldEthanol2019Ethanol2020Biodiesel2019Biodiesel202002000100015005000002040608101214161820RestofWorldAsiaPacificEuropeS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmerica0WorldbiofuelsconsumptionThousandbarrelsofoilequivalentperday63bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021ElectricityElectricitygenerationTerawatt-hours20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Canada607.0638.3636.5655.7647.6659.3663.7660.1655.8648.7643.9-1.0%0.6%2.4%Mexico275.6292.1296.4297.1303.3310.3319.4325.1335.1322.6313.2-3.2%1.9%1.2%US4394.34363.44310.64330.34363.34348.74347.94302.54461.64411.24286.6-3.1%0.5%16.0%TotalNorthAmerica5276.85293.85243.55283.15314.25318.45331.15287.75452.55382.45243.6-2.8%0.6%19.5%Argentina126.0129.5136.0139.4138.6145.4147.2145.6146.8139.5142.51.9%1.3%0.5%Brazil515.8531.8552.5570.8590.5581.2578.9589.3601.4626.3620.1-1.3%3.0%2.3%Chile61.365.269.773.071.674.577.778.682.383.684.30.5%3.4%0.3%Colombia64.766.267.769.872.775.074.475.178.380.075.0-6.5%2.4%0.3%Ecuador19.520.522.823.324.326.027.328.029.732.932.0-2.7%6.0%0.1%Peru35.938.841.043.345.548.351.752.754.957.052.7-7.7%5.6%0.2%Trinidad&Tobago8.58.89.19.59.910.310.09.99.29.79.0-7.0%2.2%◆Venezuela116.7122.9127.9130.0128.3123.8113.8109.4105.189.858.4-35.1%-3.2%0.2%OtherS.&Cent.America192.1197.5204.6208.4205.7212.1224.5218.1223.2220.3208.7-5.5%1.6%0.8%TotalS.&Cent.America1140.51181.11231.41267.61287.31296.61305.61306.81330.91339.01282.8-4.5%2.1%4.8%Austria71.165.972.468.065.164.968.371.368.674.271.7-3.6%0.7%0.3%Belgium95.290.282.983.572.669.885.886.875.193.790.4-3.8%0.3%0.3%CzechRepublic85.987.687.687.186.083.983.387.088.087.081.4-6.6%0.6%0.3%Finland81.173.770.571.468.269.269.267.970.669.068.8-0.6%-0.5%0.3%France569.3565.0565.2575.5564.9571.8556.2554.0574.0562.8524.9-7.0%0.5%2.0%Germany633.1613.1630.1638.7627.8647.6649.7652.9642.9609.4571.9-6.4%0.2%2.1%Greece57.459.461.057.250.551.954.455.353.345.542.6-6.6%-3.0%0.2%Hungary37.436.034.630.329.430.431.932.932.034.234.61.1%-0.5%0.1%Italy302.1302.6299.3289.8279.8283.0289.8295.8289.7293.9282.7-4.0%◆1.1%Netherlands118.1113.0102.5100.9103.4110.1115.2117.3114.1121.1122.40.8%0.6%0.5%Norway123.6127.6147.7134.0142.0144.5149.0149.4147.1134.9154.514.2%0.2%0.6%Poland157.7163.5162.1164.6159.1164.9166.6170.5170.0164.0157.8-4.0%0.8%0.6%Portugal54.152.546.651.752.852.460.359.459.653.254.11.5%0.6%0.2%Romania61.062.259.058.963.366.365.164.364.859.556.2-5.7%0.3%0.2%Spain300.4291.8297.6285.3278.8281.0274.6275.6274.5267.5255.8-4.7%-1.0%1.0%Sweden148.3151.2166.3153.2153.7162.1156.1164.3163.4168.4169.20.2%2.1%0.6%Switzerland68.064.870.070.472.066.361.961.867.672.170.4-2.5%0.5%0.3%Turkey211.2229.4239.5240.2252.0261.8274.4297.3304.8303.9305.40.2%4.5%1.1%Ukraine188.8194.9198.9194.4182.8163.7164.6156.0159.9154.1149.0-3.6%-1.2%0.6%UnitedKingdom382.1368.0363.9358.3338.1338.9339.2338.2332.8324.8312.8-4.0%-1.5%1.2%OtherEurope320.0307.1295.4309.2297.2298.2305.9303.2312.8299.0294.7-1.7%-0.2%1.1%TotalEurope4065.84019.44053.14022.23939.23982.74021.44061.34065.53992.13871.3-3.3%0.2%14.4%Azerbaijan18.720.323.023.424.724.725.024.325.226.122.8-12.7%3.3%0.1%Belarus34.932.230.831.534.734.233.634.538.940.538.7-4.6%2.9%0.1%Kazakhstan82.686.690.692.694.691.694.6103.1107.3106.5109.22.2%3.1%0.4%RussianFederation1038.01054.91069.31059.11064.21067.51091.01091.21109.21118.11085.4-3.2%1.2%4.0%Turkmenistan16.717.217.818.920.121.522.622.824.225.426.64.4%4.7%0.1%Uzbekistan51.952.853.054.955.457.359.160.862.963.165.02.7%2.3%0.2%OtherCIS41.144.646.043.344.144.043.546.348.649.249.40.3%2.3%0.2%TotalCIS1284.01308.51330.41323.71337.91340.91369.31383.01416.41428.81397.1-2.5%1.5%5.2%Iran235.7235.6248.8258.9273.5279.5286.1305.2314.4318.7331.63.8%3.7%1.2%Iraq41.742.247.862.171.275.386.393.6100.2131.9131.3-0.7%12.3%0.5%Israel58.559.363.061.461.364.367.467.769.372.374.32.4%2.7%0.3%Kuwait57.157.562.761.065.168.370.172.974.275.274.9-0.7%3.5%0.3%Oman19.821.925.026.229.132.834.236.137.738.338.91.1%7.6%0.1%Qatar28.130.734.834.738.741.542.345.647.949.950.51.1%7.5%0.2%SaudiArabia240.1250.1272.1284.5312.3338.8345.5349.5344.0343.7340.9-1.1%4.7%1.3%UnitedArabEmirates93.999.1106.2110.0116.5127.4129.6134.6136.0138.5138.4-0.3%4.9%0.5%OtherMiddleEast98.793.488.383.783.581.882.185.483.785.284.4-1.2%-0.6%0.3%TotalMiddleEast873.7889.7948.6982.41051.41109.71143.71190.51207.41253.61265.20.6%4.5%4.7%Algeria45.753.157.459.964.268.871.076.076.781.578.8-3.6%6.6%0.3%Egypt144.4149.6162.8165.1171.2181.8188.2193.2199.4200.6198.6-1.2%4.1%0.7%Morocco23.725.427.728.129.330.330.731.634.440.138.2-5.2%6.4%0.1%SouthAfrica259.6262.5257.9256.1254.8250.1252.7255.1256.3252.6239.5-5.5%0.1%0.9%OtherAfrica198.8198.9215.3234.8248.4257.3253.9268.9280.3288.6288.9-0.2%4.9%1.1%TotalAfrica672.3689.4721.1744.0767.9788.4796.5824.8847.2863.4843.9-2.5%3.2%3.1%Australia251.0256.3250.7249.6247.6254.0258.2259.0262.6265.9265.2-0.5%0.6%1.0%Bangladesh40.844.248.754.457.461.870.073.481.189.789.1-0.9%9.2%0.3%China4207.24713.04987.65431.65794.55814.66133.26604.47166.17503.47779.13.4%7.3%29.0%ChinaHongKongSAR38.339.138.839.139.838.038.237.036.536.935.2-4.8%-0.5%0.1%India937.51034.01091.81146.11262.21317.31401.71471.31579.21603.71560.9-2.9%6.2%5.8%Indonesia169.8183.4200.3216.2228.6234.0247.9254.7267.1278.9275.2-1.6%5.9%1.0%Japan1156.01104.21106.91087.81062.71030.11035.11042.11053.21030.31004.8-2.7%-0.8%3.7%Malaysia125.0127.1134.1141.0147.5150.1156.7160.6170.6171.5159.6-7.2%4.0%0.6%NewZealand44.944.444.243.343.744.443.843.244.444.844.2-1.7%0.3%0.2%Pakistan99.4100.699.5101.0106.3110.5116.0127.7138.3138.6137.8-0.9%3.4%0.5%Philippines67.769.272.975.377.382.490.894.499.8106.0101.8-4.3%5.5%0.4%Singapore45.446.046.948.049.350.351.652.252.954.153.1-2.2%2.6%0.2%SouthKorea495.0518.2531.2537.2540.4547.8561.0576.4592.9585.3574.0-2.2%2.6%2.1%SriLanka10.811.611.912.012.913.214.415.016.216.816.9◆5.3%0.1%Taiwan247.1252.2250.4252.3260.0258.1264.1270.3275.5274.1279.81.8%1.8%1.0%Thailand157.6153.3169.0168.6173.8177.8179.8176.7177.6186.5176.4-5.7%2.5%0.7%Vietnam91.7101.5115.1124.5141.3157.9175.7191.6209.2227.5234.52.8%10.9%0.9%OtherAsiaPacific72.576.878.284.588.691.4109.3119.7116.0127.5131.83.1%6.9%0.5%TotalAsiaPacific8257.78875.19278.19812.310333.710433.910947.611569.812339.312741.612919.31.1%5.4%48.2%TotalWorld21570.722257.022806.323435.224031.724270.524915.225623.926659.127001.026823.2-0.9%2.9%100.0%ofwhich:OECD11062.811014.311023.711015.610956.611005.011082.811119.511312.811168.410880.8-2.8%0.5%40.6%Non-OECD10507.911242.711782.612419.713075.213265.513832.414504.415346.415832.515942.40.4%5.1%59.4%EuropeanUnion2982.62931.32932.32912.92851.12899.12920.12952.42937.52892.52770.6-4.5%0.2%10.3%Basedongrossoutput.◆Lessthan0.05%.Note:Growthratesareadjustedforleapyears.64bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Atagloballevel,coalisthedominantfuelforpowergeneration,howeveritssharefell1.3percentagepointsto35.1%in2020,thelowestlevelinourdataseries.Theshareofrenewablesrosetorecordlevelslastyear(11.7%),withthecombinedshareofrenewablesandgas-firedpower(35.1%)equallingcoalforthefirsttime.Europe’sshareofrenewablesinpowergenerationreached23.8%,surpassingnuclearenergyandmakingEuropethefirstregionwhererenewablesarethedominantsourceofpowergeneration.NaturalgasisthedominantfuelusedforpowergenerationinNorthAmerica,CIS,theMiddleEastandAfrica.MorethanhalfofthepowerinSouthandCentralAmericaishydroelectricity,whileinAsia,coalcomprises57%ofthegenerationmix–afarhighersharethananyotherregion.InEurope,renewables(includingbiopower)arethelargestsourceofpowergenerationwith23.8%forthefirsttime,overtakingnuclearon21.6%.GenerationinEuropeisspreadfairlyevenlybetweenrenewables,nuclear,gas(19.6%)andhydro(16.9%).Regionalelectricitygenerationbyfuel2020PercentageOilNaturalgasCoalNuclearHydroelectricityRenewablesOther(includessourcesnotspecifiedelsewheree.g.pumpedhydro,non-renewablewasteandstatisticaldifferences)0100806040107050309020AsiaPacificAfricaMiddleEastEuropeCISS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmericaRenewablesshareofpowergenerationbyregionPercentage2015105WorldAsiaPacificAfricaMiddleEastCISEuropeS.&Cent.AmericaNorthAmerica0004101216180206081420250ShareofglobalelectricitygenerationbyfuelPercentageHydroelectricityNuclearenergyRenewablesOilCoalNaturalgasOther2088969204000816125010203040065bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Electricitygenerationbyfuel20192020Terawatt-hoursOilNaturalGasCoalNuclearenergyHydroelectricRenew-ablesOther‡TotalOilNaturalGasCoalNuclearenergyHydroelectricRenew-ablesOther‡TotalCanada3.269.547.9100.5379.747.10.7648.73.370.935.697.5384.751.20.7643.9Mexico34.8187.732.711.423.632.3–322.633.7183.118.911.426.839.2–313.2US19.71705.21051.1852.0285.5483.714.04411.218.81738.4844.1831.5288.7551.713.44286.6TotalNorthAmerica57.81962.41131.7963.9688.7563.114.75382.455.81992.4898.6940.4700.2642.114.15243.6Argentina3.082.91.18.437.16.40.5139.57.479.82.510.730.511.20.4142.5Brazil9.960.424.516.1397.9117.6–626.37.556.322.915.3396.8120.31.0620.1OtherS.&C.America98.5103.248.8–265.957.4†573.278.697.451.1–233.161.3†520.2TotalS.&C.America111.4246.674.424.6700.9181.4†1339.093.5233.576.426.0660.5192.90.11282.8Germany4.890.0171.475.120.2222.725.2609.44.391.9134.864.418.6232.425.5571.9Italy11.8141.721.3–46.469.53.2293.99.7136.216.7–46.770.33.1282.7Netherlands1.470.417.43.90.122.75.2121.11.372.18.84.1†32.04.0122.4Poland1.814.8121.0–2.023.51.0164.01.416.7111.0–2.125.61.1157.8Spain12.383.214.158.322.573.83.3267.510.768.75.658.227.580.54.6255.8Turkey0.357.3112.9–88.843.31.2303.90.170.0106.1–78.149.81.3305.4Ukraine0.710.247.483.06.55.31.0154.10.713.941.276.26.39.71.0149.0UnitedKingdom1.1131.96.956.25.9114.68.1324.80.9114.15.450.36.5127.87.7312.8OtherEurope19.4174.7177.0653.5435.6264.528.71753.517.2175.4145.2584.3469.5292.829.11713.5TotalEurope53.6774.2689.5930.0627.9840.076.93992.146.3759.1574.8837.4655.3921.077.43871.3Kazakhstan–21.374.1–10.01.1–106.5–21.373.0–9.83.71.4109.2RussianFederation12.0519.2176.8209.0194.41.84.91118.110.7485.5152.3215.9212.43.54.91085.4OtherCIS0.8151.84.02.244.10.90.4204.20.8151.14.22.143.40.90.1202.5TotalCIS12.8692.3254.9211.2248.53.85.31428.811.6657.9229.4218.0265.68.16.41397.1Iran82.5199.20.76.429.00.9–318.782.1220.40.76.321.21.0–331.6SaudiArabia136.6206.0–––1.0–343.7132.8207.0–––1.0–340.9UnitedArabEmirates†134.3–––4.2†138.5†131.2–1.6–5.6–138.4OtherMiddleEast144.8274.221.9–4.27.6†452.8142.6277.419.0–4.311.0–454.3TotalMiddleEast363.9813.722.66.433.213.8†1253.6357.5836.119.78.025.418.6–1265.2Egypt27.4153.5––13.26.5–200.625.8150.0––13.19.7–198.6SouthAfrica1.31.9218.213.61.012.04.6252.61.41.9202.415.60.512.65.1239.5OtherAfrica47.2182.237.5–123.019.50.8410.242.4180.333.6–128.920.00.6405.8TotalAfrica75.9337.5255.713.6137.238.05.4863.469.6332.2236.015.6142.642.35.7843.9Australia4.755.7149.8–14.141.20.3265.94.553.1142.9–14.549.90.3265.2China10.8232.54849.7348.71272.5742.047.27503.411.4247.04917.7366.21322.0863.151.67779.1India5.167.51184.545.2162.0139.20.21603.74.970.81125.244.6163.6151.20.61560.9Indonesia10.662.3174.5–16.514.90.1278.96.851.3180.9–19.516.8†275.2Japan53.5363.7307.265.673.6111.255.51030.341.6353.5298.843.077.5125.664.81004.8Malaysia1.166.875.3–25.82.6–171.50.945.689.6–20.33.1–159.6SouthKorea8.1154.0239.6145.92.830.54.3585.37.0153.3208.5160.23.937.04.1574.0Taiwan5.791.2126.432.35.57.95.0274.14.299.9126.031.43.010.34.9279.8Thailand1.1121.835.8–6.321.4†186.50.7113.936.8–4.520.5†176.4Vietnam1.442.5110.8–67.74.10.9227.51.235.1118.6–69.09.51.2234.5OtherAsiaPacific43.1239.2143.79.2144.534.10.8614.540.5233.5141.49.3149.334.90.8609.7TotalAsiaPacific145.11497.17397.4646.91791.51149.2114.312741.6123.81456.97386.4654.81847.21322.0128.312919.3TotalWorld820.56323.89826.22796.64227.92789.2216.727001.0758.06268.19421.42700.14296.83147.0231.826823.2ofwhich:OECD172.33358.62450.21994.61444.21599.3149.111168.4150.43360.02067.81876.71479.71788.6157.610880.8Non-OECD648.22965.27376.0802.02783.71189.967.615832.5607.62908.17353.6823.42817.11358.474.315942.4EU49.2566.7475.1765.5317.1658.560.32892.542.7552.9373.4687.9342.0710.461.22770.6Basedongrossoutput.‡Includessourcesnotspecifiedelsewheree.g.pumpedhydro,non-renewablewasteandstatisticaldiscrepancies(whichcanbepositiveornegative).†Lessthan0.05.66bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021KeymineralsfortheenergytransitionCobaltproductionMineproductionThousandtonnes20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Australia3.93.95.96.46.26.05.55.84.95.75.7-1.0%2.1%4.4%Canada4.66.83.74.03.94.34.23.73.53.33.2-4.3%-1.6%2.5%China1.51.51.51.51.51.51.51.53.12.52.3-8.3%3.1%1.8%Cuba4.85.14.74.03.74.35.15.04.54.74.7-0.5%0.2%3.7%DemocraticRepublicofCongo84.099.586.476.676.584.469.090.3109.478.085.99.8%3.3%67.3%Madagascar0.20.50.62.43.44.03.83.42.82.90.7-75.8%n/a0.5%Morocco3.12.22.02.02.22.32.72.52.12.31.9-17.6%-1.3%1.5%NewCaledonia2.93.12.73.24.03.73.42.81.71.20.7-45.2%-4.7%0.5%PapuaNewGuinea–n/a0.51.02.12.52.23.33.32.92.8-4.0%n/a2.2%Philippines2.12.02.72.84.64.34.14.64.44.64.5-3.7%12.7%3.5%RussianFederation6.26.16.36.36.36.25.55.96.16.36.3–10.3%4.9%SouthAfrica1.81.62.53.03.02.92.32.32.32.11.8-14.5%13.2%1.4%Zambia8.67.75.45.94.63.05.02.61.64.34.3–1-3.2%3.3%RestofWorld5.88.39.911.47.57.14.84.02.83.03.13.1%-2.6%2.4%TotalWorld129.5148.2134.7130.5129.4136.5119.1137.8152.6123.8127.72.9%2.8%100.0%1Zero(notleapyearadjusted).Source:includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey,BritishGeologicalSurvey©UKRIandWorldMiningData.n/anotavailable.Note:Othergrowthratesareadjustedforleapyears.LithiumproductionMineproductionThousandtonnesoflithiumcontent20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Argentina3.03.02.72.53.23.65.85.76.46.36.2-1.9%11.0%7.2%Australia8.511.712.710.112.411.914.021.357.045.040.0-11.4%23.4%46.4%Brazil0.20.30.20.40.20.20.20.20.32.41.9-21.0%31.1%2.2%Chile10.413.613.911.712.010.915.215.818.822.120.6-7.0%14.0%23.9%China4.04.14.54.72.32.02.36.87.110.814.029.3%11.1%16.2%Portugal0.80.80.60.60.30.20.40.80.80.90.9–1n/a1.0%US1.01.01.00.90.90.90.90.90.90.90.9–1-5.0%1.0%Zimbabwe0.50.51.11.00.90.91.00.81.61.21.2–111.6%1.4%RestofWorldn/an/a––––0.21.12.30.50.5–15.6%0.6%TotalWorld28.235.036.631.932.230.740.053.395.290.286.3-4.6%16.3%100.0%1Zero(notleapyearadjusted).Source:includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey,BritishGeologicalSurvey©UKRIandWorldMiningData.n/anotavailable.Note:Othergrowthratesareadjustedforleapyears.NaturalgraphiteproductionMineproductionThousandtonnes20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Brazil192.4105.288.191.987.075.185.085.095.096.095.0-1.3%4.9%10.5%Canada20.025.024.020.030.030.030.040.040.011.010.0-9.3%-3.1%1.1%China700.0800.0820.0750.0780.0780.0780.0625.0630.0700.0650.0-7.4%4.5%71.7%India2115.7153.3134.7146.4116.7134.6122.435.035.035.034.0-3.1%-11.9%3.7%Madagascar3.83.62.94.35.38.19.213.348.153.629.0-45.9%31.6%3.2%Mexico6.67.37.57.09.26.53.81.74.11.61.6–3-11.0%0.2%Mozambiquen/an/an/an/an/an/an/a0.3104.0153.012.0-92.2%n/a1.3%Norway6.37.87.06.28.39.29.69.612.016.015.0-6.5%13.4%1.7%RussianFederation7.720.714.320.217.615.919.419.511.917.517.5–32.3%1.9%SriLanka3.43.44.23.14.04.24.03.54.04.03.5-12.7%2.3%0.4%Turkey–5.331.528.73.9–––16.810.010.0–315.3%1.1%Ukraine2.80.64.66.913.814.514.614.915.015.015.0–313.3%1.7%RestofWorld22.419.217.220.731.920.618.014.917.715.514.0-9.9%-11.7%1.5%TotalWorld981.11151.31156.11105.51107.71098.71096.1862.71033.51128.2906.7-19.9%◆100.0%1Includingbeneficiatedanddirectlyshippedmaterial.Source:includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey,BritishGeologicalSurvey©UKRIandWorldMiningData.2Runofthemine.3Zero(notleapyearadjusted).◆Lessthan0.05%.n/anotavailable.Note:Othergrowthratesareadjustedforleapyears.RareearthmetalsproductionMineproductionThousandtonnes120102011201220132014201520162017201820192020GrowthrateperannumShare202020202009-19Australia–2.23.21.36.211.913.917.318.617.641.4134.6%n/a15.5%Brazil0.10.11.60.3-0.92.21.71.10.71.040.5%15.4%0.4%China89.293.893.893.8105.0105.0105.0105.0120.0132.0140.05.8%0.2%52.3%Indian/an/an/a0.31.71.01.51.52.93.03.0–268.8%1.1%Madagascarn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a2.04.08.099.5%n/a3.0%RussianFederation1.51.42.11.42.12.33.12.52.62.62.6–23.2%1.0%Thailand5.63.10.10.11.90.81.61.31.01.92.05.0%-7.2%0.7%US––3.05.55.45.9––18.028.038.035.3%n/a14.2%RestofWorld0.60.60.30.30.20.62.10.621.026.631.618.5%114.3%11.8%TotalWorld97.0101.3104.2103.0122.6128.3129.4129.8187.2216.4267.723.3%4.8%100.0%1Thousandtonnesofrareearthoxideequivalent.Source:includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey,BritishGeologicalSurvey©UKRIandWorldMiningData.2Zero(notleapyearadjusted).n/anotavailable.Note:Othergrowthratesareadjustedforleapyears.67bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021CobaltpricesThousandsofUSdollarspertonneLithiumcarbonatepricesThousandsofUSdollarspertonne†0102030405060807090030405060708091011121314151819171620036912150304050607080910111213141518191716202000-2012spotgradeforcathodes,sourceUSGeologicalSurvey.Datafrom2013onwards:minpurity99.8%,sourceLondonMetalExchange.†2000-2008unitvalue,dataseries140,sourceUSGeologicalSurvey.Datafrom2009onwards:FOBSouthAmerica,sourceBenchmarkMineralIntelligence.ReservesofkeymineralsCobaltreservesThousandtonnesAtendof2020ShareR/PratioAustralia140020.3%247Canada2203.2%69China801.2%35Cuba5007.2%107DemocraticRepublicofCongo360052.2%42Madagascar1001.4%143Morocco140.2%7NewCaledonia640.9%94PapuaNewGuinea510.7%18Philippines2603.8%58RussianFederation2503.6%40SouthAfrica400.6%22Zambia2703.9%63RestofWorld530.8%17TotalWorld6902100.0%54LithiumreservesThousandtonnesAtendof2020ShareR/PratioArgentina190010.0%306Australia470024.8%118Brazil950.5%50Chile920048.5%446China15007.9%107Portugal600.3%67US7504.0%833Zimbabwe2201.2%183RestofWorld5302.8%994TotalWorld18955100%220RestofWorldisthesumofonlyrecordedreserves.n/anotavailable.NaturalgraphitereservesThousandtonnesAtendof2020ShareR/PratioBrazil7000020.0%737Canadan/an/an/aChina7300020.9%112India80002.3%235Madagascar260007.4%895Mexico31000.9%1948Mozambique250007.2%2083Norway6000.2%40RussianFederation257037.4%1469SriLanka15000.4%428.6Turkey9000025.8%9009.0Ukrainen/an/an/aRestofWorld266007.6%1893TotalWorld349503100.0%385RareearthmetalsreservesThousandtonnesAtendof2020ShareR/PratioAustralia41003.3%99Brazil2100016.9%21000China4400035.4%314India69005.6%2300Madagascarn/an/an/aRussianFederation2060216.6%7924Thailandn/an/an/aUS15001.2%39RestofWorld2604021.0%824TotalWorld124142100.0%464Source(foralltables):includesdatafromUSGeologicalSurvey.68bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021AppendicesUnits1metrictonne=2204.62lb=1.1023shorttons1kilolitre=6.2898barrels=1cubicmetre1kilocalorie(kcal)=4.1868kJ=3.968Btu1kilojoule(kJ)=1,000joules=0.239kcal=0.948Btu1petajoule(Pj)=1quadrillionjoules(1x1015)1exajoule(EJ)=1quintillionjoules(1x1018)1Britishthermal=0.252kcalunit(Btu)=1.055kJ1tonneofoil=39.683millionBtuequivalent(toe)=41.868millionkJ1barrelofoil=5.8millionBtuequivalent(boe)=6.119millionkJ1kilowatt-hour(kWh)=860kcal=3600kJ=3412BtuCalorificequivalentsOneexajouleequalsapproximately:Heatunits239trillionkilocalories948trillionBtuSolidfuels40milliontonnesofhardcoal95milliontonnesofligniteandsub-bituminouscoalGaseousfuelsSeeNaturalgasandLNGtableElectricity278terawatt-hoursAllfuelenergycontentisnetorlowerheatingvalue(i.e.,netofheatofvaporisationofwatergeneratedfromcombustion).1barrelofethanol=0.58barrelsofoilequivalent1barrelofbiodiesel=0.86barrelsofoilequivalent1tonneofethanol=0.68tonnesofoilequivalent1tonneofbiodiesel=0.88tonnesofoilequivalentMethodologyMethodologyforconvertingnon-fossilelectricitygenerationtoprimaryenergyPrimaryenergyconsumptionnumbersfornon-fossilbasedelectricity(nuclear,hydro,wind,solar,geothermal,biomassinpowerandotherrenewablessources)arecalculatedonan‘input-equivalent’basis–i.e.basedontheequivalentamountoffossilfuelinputrequiredtogeneratethatamountofelectricityinastandardthermalpowerplant.Thethermalefficiencyassumptionforthestandardpowerplantistimevarying,basedonasimplifiedrepresentationofmeasuredaverageefficiencylevels:1965-2000:assumedconstantefficiencyof36%2000-2017:alinearincreasefrom36%to40%basedonobserveddata2018onwards:theannualrateofefficiencyimprovementisbasedonthesimplifiedassumptionthatefficiencywillincreaselinearlyto45%by2050.Thetablebelowquantifiestheseassumptions:Thermalequivalentefficiencyfactorsusedtoconvertnon-fossilelectricitytoprimaryenergyEfficiencyEfficiencyYear(s)factorYear(s)factor1965-200036%201138.6%200136.2%201238.8%200236.5%201339.1%200336.7%201439.3%200436.9%201539.5%200537.2%201639.8%200637.4%201740.0%200737.6%201840.2%200837.9%201940.4%200938.1%202040.5%201038.4%Formoredetailsonthechangeinmethodologypleasegoto‘aboutthereview’atbp.com/statisticalreview.Primaryenergyconsumptionisreportedinnetterms.Thegrosscalorificvaluetonetcalorificvalueadjustmentisfuelspecific.Fuelsusedasinputsforconversiontechnologies(gas‑to-liquids,coal-to-liquidsandcoal-to-gas)arecountedasproductionforthesourcefuelandtheoutputsarecountedasconsumptionfortheconvertedfuel.PercentagesCalculatedbeforeroundingofactuals.RoundingdifferencesBecauseofrounding,sometotalsmaynotagreeexactlywiththesumoftheircomponentparts.TonnesMetricequivalentoftons.ApproximateconversionfactorsCrudeoilFromTotonnes(metric)kilolitresbarrelsUSgallonstonnesperyearMultiplybyTonnes(metric)11.1657.33307.86–Kilolitres0.858116.2898264.17–Barrels0.13640.159142–USgallons0.003250.00380.02381–Barrelsperday––––49.8Basedonworldwideaveragegravity.ProductsToconvertbarrelstotonnestonnestobarrelskilolitrestotonnestonnestokilolitrestonnestogigajoulestonnestobarrelsoilequivalentMultiplybyEthane0.05916.8500.3732.67949.4008.073Liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)0.08611.6000.5411.84946.1507.542Gasoline0.1208.3500.7531.32844.7507.313Kerosene0.1277.8800.7981.25343.9207.177Gasoil/diesel0.1347.4600.8431.18643.3807.089Residualfueloil0.1576.3500.9911.01041.5706.793Productbasket0.1248.0580.7811.28143.0767.039Naturalgas(NG)andliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)FromTobillioncubicmetresNGbillioncubicfeetNGpetajoulesNGmilliontoemilliontonnesLNGtrillionBtumillionboeMultiplyby1billionm3NG1.00035.31536.0000.8600.73534.1215.8831billionft3NG0.0281.0001.0190.0240.0210.9660.1671petajouleNG0.0280.9811.0000.0240.0210.9520.1641milliontoe1.16341.07141.8681.0000.85539.6836.8421milliontonnesLNG1.36048.02848.7471.1691.00046.4058.0011trillionBtu0.0291.0351.0500.0250.0221.0000.1721millionboe0.1706.0036.0930.1460.1255.8001.000DefinitionsMoreinformationQuotingfromthereviewPublishersarewelcometoquotefromthisreviewprovidedthattheyattributethesourcetobpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021.However,whereextensivereproductionoftablesand/orchartsisplanned,permissionmustfirstbeobtainedfrom:TheeditorStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergyBPp.l.c.1StJames’sSquareLondonSW1Y4PDUKsr@bp.comTheredistributionorreproductionofdatawhosesourceisS&PGlobalPlattsisstrictlyprohibitedwithoutpriorauthorizationfromS&PGlobalPlatts.bpdisclaimsanyobligationtoupdatethisreviewortocorrectanyinaccuracieswhichmaybecomeapparent:NeitherBPp.l.c.noranyofitssubsidiaries(northeirrespectiveofficers,employeesandagents)acceptliabilityforanyinaccuraciesoromissionsorforanydirect,indirect,special,consequentialorotherlossesordamagesofwhatsoeverkindinconnectiontothisrevieworanyinformationcontainedinit.EnergyOutlookViewthebpEnergyOutlookonline.TheEnergyOutlookexplorestheforcesshapingglobalenergymarkets.Downloadthedataandcharts,watchthevideoatbp.com/energyoutlookJointheconversation#bpstatsAcknowledgementsDatacompilation:CentreforEnergyEconomicsResearchandPolicy,Heriot-WattUniversity,ceerp.hw.ac.ukDesignandproduction:WhitehouseAssociates,London69bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2021Statisticspublishedinthisreviewaretakenfromgovernmentsourcesandpublisheddata.Nouseismadeofconfidentialinformationobtainedbybpinthecourseofitsbusiness.Country,regionsandgeographicgroupingsCountryandgeographicgroupingsaremadepurelyforstatisticalpurposesandarenotintendedtoimplyanyjudgementaboutpoliticaloreconomicstandings.NorthAmericaUS(excludingUSterritories),Canada,Mexico.South&CentralAmericaCaribbean(includingPuertoRicoandUSVirginIslands),Bermuda,CentralandSouthAmerica.EuropeEuropeanmembersoftheOECDplusAlbania,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,Georgia,Gibraltar,Latvia,Lithuania,Malta,Montenegro,NorthMacedonia,Romania,SerbiaandUkraine.CommonwealthofIndependentStates(CIS)Armenia,Azerbaijan,Belarus,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Moldova,RussianFederation,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan.MiddleEastArabianPeninsula,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Jordan,Lebanon,Syria.NorthAfricaTerritoriesonthenorthcoastofAfricafromEgypttoWesternSahara.WestAfricaTerritoriesonthewestcoastofAfricafromMauritaniatoAngola,includingCapeVerde,Chad.EastandSouthernAfricaTerritoriesontheeastcoastofAfricafromSudantoRepublicofSouthAfrica.AlsoBotswana,Madagascar,Malawi,Namibia,Uganda,Zambia,Zimbabwe.AsiaPacificBrunei,Cambodia,China†,ChinaHongKongSAR,ChinaMacauSAR,Indonesia,Japan,Laos,Malaysia,Mongolia,NorthKorea,Philippines,Singapore,SouthAsia(Afghanistan,Bangladesh,India,Myanmar,Nepal,Pakistan,SriLanka),SouthKorea,Taiwan,Thailand,Vietnam,Australia,NewZealand,PapuaNewGuinea,Oceania.†MainlandChina.SpecialAdministrativeRegion.AustralasiaAustralia,NewZealand.OECDmembersEurope:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,UK.Othermembercountries:Australia,Canada,Chile,Colombia,Israel,Japan,Mexico,NewZealand,SouthKorea,US.OPECmembersMiddleEast:Iran,Iraq,Kuwait,SaudiArabia,UnitedArabEmirates.NorthAfrica:Algeria,Libya.WestAfrica:Angola,EquatorialGuinea,Gabon,Nigeria,RepublicofCongo.SouthAmerica:Venezuela.EuropeanUnionmembersAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden.Non-OECDAllcountriesthatarenotmembersoftheOECD.©BPp.l.c.2021

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