投资·设计·运营打造房地产可持续发展生态视野第2期2021本报告合作方:融资可持续性投资话题探索APREA:亚太区ESG锁定增长赛道设计施工未来城市话题探索SOM:低碳设计+TOD—城市改造双管齐下管理运营房地产科技—赋能绩效提升话题探索IWBI:WELL健康空间的运营及管理目录10418114181472216923322021进博会savills.com.cn第一太平戴维斯是一家在伦敦股票交易所上市的全球领先房地产服务提供商。公司于1855年创立,具有悠久的历史传承以及无可匹敌的增长态势。第一太平戴维斯是行业引领者而非跟随者,在全球设有600多家分公司与联营机构,广泛分布于美洲、欧洲、亚太、非洲和中东地区。本报告仅作一般信息用途。未经事先许可,任何人不得对其相关内容或全部内容进行出版、复制或引用。同时本报告亦不构成任何合同、计划书、协议或其他文档的依据。第一太平戴维斯已尽全力确保报告内容的准确性,但对于该报告的使用而导致直接或间接的相关损失不承担任何责任。本报告版权所有,未经第一太平戴维斯研究部书面许可,不得以任何形式对该报告的部分或全部内容进行复制。视野2021savills.com.cn降负债率,任重道远房地产是资本密集性行业。过去房地产开发多靠银行贷款及房屋预售来实现资金周转,而近几年发行债券、证券化产品以及依靠其他个人贷款也成了开发商选择的融资方式。但随着房地产销售环境放缓,开发商负债率不断攀升,开发商债券对投资者的吸引力也有所下降。倘若行业出现的负债问题进一步蔓延到金融市场,将对整体市场的稳定性带来威胁。为有效控制市场负债水平,中国有关机构在2017年出台了一系列包括严厉打击影子银行在内的政策。2020年又提出“三道红线”方针,对开发商是否具备投融资条件设置了明确的限制,另外还严格要求银行控制对房地产行业的贷款审批,同时对开发商土拍资金来源也提出严格的要求。然而房地产市场仍是国家经济发展的主要动力之一。房地产行业为市场带动大量资金和劳动力,也是国家收入的主要来源。因此,为整个行业寻求一条可持续的发展道路,保障整个房地产行业的信心和稳定性至关重要。机构投资者和公众买家投资房地产投资信托基金,为开发商带来了新的融资渠道,另外房地产投资信托基金有对外借款总额不得超过全资产20%的杠杆房地产投资信托基金是世界上许多市场中重要的长期资本来源,为房地产及金融市场带来更高的流动性、稳定性及透明度。基于中国特色的政治、金融及税务环境,中国一直都在通过发行各类资产证券化产品和类REITs产品(这些产品大部分本质是债务产品)不断摸索发行房地产投资信托基金的可能性。在2021年6月,中国在上交所和深交所首次发行了9只房地产投资信托基金。尽管这9只基金相比于其他成熟市场的产品,仍有许多局限性,但对中国资本市场以及房地产市场却有着里程碑式的意义,从长远来看将对市场起到巨大积极作用。为保证中国基础设施不动产投资信托基金平稳成功发行,获批项目需底层资产能够产生稳定且有吸引力的现金流,能够符合长期投资策略,同时能带动政府积极推进区域发展。中国基础设施不动产投资信托基金底层资产目前仅包括基础设施,其中包括收费公路和污水处理设施的经营权以及产业园区和仓储设施。但随着有关部门、原始权益人及投资者对该投资产品更加了解、更有信心,相信在不久的将来会有更多资产类别被允许作为底层资产。事实上,就在中国基础设施不动产投资信托基金推出不久后,国家发改委再出指导意见允许保障性租赁住房纳入底层资产。中国基础设施不动产投资信托基金广受机构投资者及公众买家欢迎,目前要求原始权益人和战略投资者持股比例较高,公众买家仅可收购4%-13%的份额。9只中国基础设施不动产投资信托基金中有6只溢价发行,其中中金普洛斯仓储物流REIT溢价率最高,达9%。向公众买家开放的份额首日获15倍超额认购。房地产投资信托基金可持续性投资过去二十年中国房地产市场发展迅速。开发商通过大规模建设实现收益,基金买家也在物业价值不断上升的过程中收获颇丰。随着中国发展进入新时期,势必出现新的买家类别和投资策略。以出售物业实现价值增长为主、租金为辅的投资收益模式将发生改观。长期投资者与长期投资理念得到更多关注,通过积极的资产管理来获得长期收益、实现远期资产增值有望成为新的发展路径。图1:销售额前99位中国开发商有息负债额及增速万亿元来源:CRIC、第一太平戴维斯研究部有息负债额增速45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%9876543210201520162017201820192020一直以来中国缺少风险可控但收益率高于国债并适合长期投资的产品。目前两年期国债收益率为2.43%,2年期固定存款收益率为2.1%。另外,在过去两年的新冠疫情期间,基础设施,特别是仓储物流不动产展现出了高于其他资产类别的韧性,该资产类别也有长期的租赁需求推动,这都给投资者带来投资中国基础设施不动产投资信托基金的信心。周期长、流动性强中国房地产价格高速增长的时代似乎已告一段落,现在的投资者需要拉长投资周期,通过加强资产管理和项目管理来实现远期的租金和资产价值升值。而房地产投资信托基金的魅力在于原始权益人(通常而言为开发商)能够长期持有对于项目的部分所有权,并拥有决策权和管理权,与此同时释放出开发商在项目中的资金,以偿还债务或投资其他项目。表1:首批中国基础设施不动产投资信托基金来源:中国证监委、上交所、深交所、第一太平戴维斯研究部中国基础设施不动产投资信托基金─意义远大于300亿元人民币当其他国家仍在试图控制新冠疫情时,中国除个别城市地区临时封锁之外,已基本从新冠疫情的影响中恢复。大家已经从居家办公回归到办公室办公,并纷纷进入商场进行购物娱乐。另外,金融市场持续开放;新经济下本土自主技术投资不断增强,生命科技领域持续进步,高新制造业投入不断加强;消费者产品和服务领域中,本土企业扩张迅速。这些需求端的持续增长将为房地产市场提供强大的发展基础,也为长期投资者的投资提供可靠的收入增长来源。作为过去十年发展最迅速的产业之一,科技行业在去年至今面临一系列新政监管。尽管这些新政短期内对行业情绪和股价产生了一定的负面影响,但对降低行业系统风险、打破垄断、鼓励数据分享等方面将起到积极作用,从而确保整个市场的稳定性,增加竞争,保护数据的同时实现数据价值最大利用,利好行业长期发展。基金名称基金管理人底层资产土地权限/经营管理权基金期限(年)资产总额(亿元)中金普洛斯仓储物流REIT中金基金仓储土地使用权限5053.5红土创新盐田港仓储物流REIT红土创新资产管理仓储土地使用权限3617.0博时招商蛇口产业园REIT博时基金产业园区土地使用权限5025.3东吴苏州工业园区产业园REIT东吴基金产业园区土地使用权限4033.5华安张江光大园REIT华安基金产业园区土地使用权限2014.7浙商证券沪杭甬高速REIT浙商证券资产管理收费公路经营管理权2045.6平安广州交投广河高速公路REIT平安基金收费公路经营管理权9996.7中航首钢生物质REIT中航基金生物质能源等处理经营管理权2112.5富国首创水务REIT富国基金水处理经营管理权2617.5率要求,这也在一定程度上控制了开发商的债务水平。随着中国房地产投资信托基金的底层资产类别不断扩大,将有助于投资者控制整体负债率,降低整体借款成本,进而能够通过资金循环,开发新项目,进行长期性的战略投资。5视野2021savills.com.cn4融资视野2021savills.com.cn可持续投资理念来源:第一太平戴维斯研究部图3:房地产投资信托基金管理要点收购‧聚焦位置好且高质量的开发项目‧项目必须有稳定的现金收入及未来增值空间‧配置良好的投资组合来实现投资者收益最大化,并降低整体波动性‧以优势价格收购资产管理‧积极管理,提高运营效率及回报率‧提供预防性的管理措施确保项目保持良好状态‧资产优化,提高竞争力融资及风险管理‧优化资本结构‧优化资本/负债比率‧风险管理‧确保多方利益协调一致话题探索来源:第一太平戴维斯研究部图4:「三大功能」和「五大支柱」资源配置风险管理三大功能市场定价积极拓展绿色金融国际合作空间完善绿色金融标准体系强化金融机构监管和信息披露要求逐步完善激励约束机制不断丰富绿色金融产品和市场体系五大支柱图5:中国绿色债券发行额来源:ClimateBondInitiative、第一太平戴维斯研究部2520151050十亿美元2016年3月2016年6月2016年9月2016年12月2017年3月2017年6月2017年9月2017年12月2018年3月2018年6月2018年9月2018年12月2019年3月2019年6月2019年9月2019年12月2020年3月2020年6月2020年9月2020年12月2021年3月国际标准非国际标准绿色金融2021年2月中国人民银行确立了“三大功能”、“五大支柱”的绿色金融发展政策思路,助力碳达峰碳中和。来源:中国人民银行、第一太平戴维斯研究部图6:中国的绿色贷款规模2018年12月2019年3月2019年6月2019年9月2019年12月2020年3月2020年6月2020年9月2020年12月2021年3月2021年6月占贷款总额比例(右轴)绿色贷款额(左轴)万亿元8%7%6%5%4%3%2%1%0%1614121086420包括保险公司在内的长期投资者同时也发现房地产投资信托基金除了能为他们提供长期稳定的收益,还能为他们的投资组合增加流动性;也能够通过基础设施不动产投资信托基金实现对例如收费公路及水处理设施等基础设施的资产配置。收费权为底层资产的房地产投资信托基金提供的现金分红率也比较高。因此,本次认购中保险公司表现积极,是战略投资者中认筹比例最高的,达约10%。资产管理成关键长期来看,房地产投资信托基金能否成功很大程度上取决于资产管理人有没有积极提高底层资产的质量和水平。资产管理人需要不断提高管理效率和水平,在获得高营业收入的情况下分派出更高的收益给到投资者,这样才能获得投资者长期的认可和支持。成功的房地产投资信托基金的管理需要相关多方的积极配合。只有这样,房地产投资信托基金才能打造高韧性且积极有效的生态系统,在这样的生态系统中促进各方进一步发展。整个有效循环过程可以实现价值最大化及长期可持续发展。相比短期投资者,房地产投资信托基金管理人更可能做出一些对资产起到长远影响的决定,通过适时资本支出,为项目获得未来的发展韧性和升值空间。譬如成立一个熟悉物业和行业的全方位管理团队,或改造物业使项目“更绿”。与直接收购不动产不同,通过投资于房地产投资信托基金,公众买家能获得由专业团队管理的物业的机会。相比私营企业,房地产投资信托基金及上市公司都需要遵守更为严格的披露和监管要求。股东会要求房地产投资信托基金和上市公司定期提供详尽的运营报告,并会对其中的内容提出疑问。这一系列的监督将有利于这些基金及企业不断提高管理和营收水平。同时,越来越多的公司意识到基于收入来源及所承担风险的差别,投资者对开发公司和投资管理公司的估值是有所区别的。例如,凯德置地近期宣布将其业务拆分重组为房地产投资管理业务和房图2:上海写字楼资产价值指数,2010年一季度─2021年二季度来源:第一太平戴维斯研究部4003503002502001501005001999/Q2=100201020112012201320162014201720152018201920202021Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1地产开发业务两部分。其中房地产投资管理部分会以新的主体在新加坡交易所上市,而房地产开发业务部分将会实现私有化。这样做将能有利于公司真正成为一家轻资产和资本高效的企业,为投资者提供更高的收益。76绿色债券2019年中国绿色债券发行量达到高峰,总额为556亿美元,其中314亿美元符合国际标准。2020年一方面受疫情影响,另一方面发行公司也在等待更明确的新政公布,市场走向尚不明朗,整体发行规模有所下降。然而到了2021年第一季度随着市场重新回升,发行额又重回170亿美元。绿色贷款2018年末绿色贷款仅占全国贷款余额4%,而近几年绿色贷款迅速发展,到2021年6月绿色贷款总额达人民币13.9万亿元,占总贷款余额的7.3%。绿色贷款通过金融杠杆来具体实现环保调控,直接从源头上切断高耗能、高污染行业的无序发展,为生态保护、生态建设和绿色产业融资打下基础。可持续发展贷款、可持续发展债券及绿色过渡债券绿色贷款和绿色债券通常需要用于某一特定的ESG项目,而借款人和发行人在获得可持续发展贷款和可持续发展债券时则需要设定ESG相关目标,若未实现目标,将面临一定惩罚。可持续发展贷款中,若贷款人超指标完成任务,贷款利率会有所下调。作为一种较新的融资工具,可持续发展贷款和可持续发展债券在海外市场已有一定规模。而绿色过渡债券则是主要针对被绿色金融市场排除在外的化石燃料与其他大型高排放企业开发,以改变这些企业只能利用高排放、高污染业务的盈利去进行业务转型的窘迫。未来金融机构会对绿色贷款、绿色债券以及可持续发展贷款和可持续发展债券提供更多的资金发放额度,也会为这类型贷款和债券提供更低的利率。如果房地产行业更加注重绿色环保概念,未来的融资成本也可能实现进一步下降。视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cnESG企业股票表现若无金融行业及企业租户的支持,环境问题很难有效解决。过去企业都把利润和股东权益当作重中之重,现在他们开始意识到投资者的关注点有所改变,企业价值并不仅仅和利润相关,还与企业为社会环境方面带来的贡献有关。一些相比于同行业企业在ESG方面表现更突出的公司的股票指数表现也证实了这一点。资本市场对于ESG披露要求越来越高,而ESG企业指数表现也好于同行业其他企业,这些都不断驱使各企业积极审视其可持续及碳排放情况。对于服务型企业来说,在其办公楼和零售商场的选址过程中,将LEED/BREAM/三星认证作为“最好有”还是“一定要有”的标准将对碳排放议程产生很大影响。预计ESG对项目入驻率和未来的租金表现将起到愈发重要的作用。ESG报告越来越多的国家要求上市公司披露更多ESG指标。香港交易所在2012年首次发布《ESG报告指引》,其中指出上市公司可自愿披露ESG信息。该规范在接受市场讨论后于2016年进行了调整,2019年12月又在2016年的基础上对ESG报告结构提出了扩展。2021年6月中国证监会发布了上市企业信息披露新规,其中增加了关于环境和社会责任的章节,要求企业披露污染排放情况,企业生产对环境的影响及因环境问题受行政处罚情况。同时,据消息称国内交易所正在与伦敦交易所讨论关于碳排放披露的问题。目前全世界已有包括英国、众多欧盟成员国、北美、澳大利亚、日本等40个国家立法要求碳排放情况报告,不久南非也会成为其中之一。来源:WorldResourcesInstitute亚太区ESG锁定增长赛道亚太区约占全球GDP的35%,不仅占比高于美国、欧洲,更通过大力发展经济使成百上千万人摆脱了贫困。但与此同时,亚太区也是煤炭消费“大户”,约占全球煤炭用量的80%,二氧化碳排放量高达全球的60%。亚太区经济的快速发展无疑是以牺牲环境为代价。过去,经济发展与环境保护或许无法兼得,如今我们已无需做非此即彼的选择。新冠疫情在全球范围内造成的巨大影响促使政府和组织进行了迫切反思。同时,亚太区继续面临的脆弱性也暴露出来,并未因为经济的突飞猛进而消除。环境恶化被认为是疫情爆发的原因之一,而疫情期间未能抑制感染人数突增则凸显了社会分化问题。大流行病不可预见的风险与环境问题(如气候变化)之间的相似性为人们敲响了警钟,对可持续发展的反思被加速提上议程,环境、社会及治理(ESG)问题也被置于优先地位。据亚洲开发银行估计,新冠疫情已使亚太区7,500万至8,000万人陷入贫困。这提醒了我们一个严酷的现实——如不进行干预,亚太区多年的经济增长有可能被逆转。房地产全球中心虽然疫情干扰了亚太区的经济增长,但考虑到亚太区长期的结构性基本面,持续的健康危机只是一个小小插曲——前提是能够正确应对。助力亚太区成为全球增长引擎的驱动因素仍可继续发挥作用,亦可借力后疫情时期的复苏势头,助推ESG议程的进一步推广。到2030年,亚太区将拥有七个全球十大超级城市;中产阶级约占全球的三分之二,城镇人口将增至近30亿。随着城镇化日益推进,亚太区持续增长的城市将需要大量的房地产和基础设施投资来打造城市核心区。按照这样的增长轨迹,我们预计到2030年底,亚太区可投资房地产资产存量将增加一倍以上,总值达到40-45万亿美元。其中部分增长将来自区内的基础设施存量——到2030年末基础设施还需增加92%,才能与经济增长预期保持同步。据亚洲开发银行估计,截至2030年末还需要增加2万亿美元的投资来应对气候变化。房地产资产证券化亚太区的房地产上市公司阵营不断扩大,为经济绿色复苏的策划与运作提供了大好机会。证券化的上市工具能够很好地抓住ESG标签带来的机会。随着资产证券化比例不断提高,其在ESG领域和实现可持续发展目标方面将发挥巨大作用。除了加速经济数字化,疫情对于亚太区的证券化趋势也起到了催化作用。疫情爆发后,有能力回收资金的不动产投资信托基金(REITs)成为经济复苏的重要工具。各国政府均将REITs作为优先扶持对象,开设快速通道构建必要框架。目前这一工作进展迅速。菲律宾已经成为2021年亚太区REIT上市的热点关注之一,已经有四支基金完成首次公开募股。中国备受期待的REIT试点项目终于在今年6月落地,首批共九个基础设施不动产投资信托基金上市,是亚太区发展REIT的一个里程碑。印度的REIT和基础设施投资信托(InVIT)制度在该国巨大的增长潜力支撑下,有望维持一个较长的增长周期。亚太区多家证券交易所已经或正在强制要求上市企业提供可持续报告,提升可持续政策和操作的透明度和规范度。新加坡交易所正就要求上市公司提供气候相关信息和披露董事会多样性的建议进行意见征询,作为合规性的一部分。REIT有望走在行业转型的最前沿。REIT有责任通过收购或资产增值持续进行收益增强型投资以维持派息,因此有动力推动这些变化。可持续性投资的崛起可持续投资也已在亚太区启动,机构型投资者在资本配置阶段加速采用ESG标准。他们认为此次危机吹响了投资方式多元化的号角。亚太不动产协会今年早些时候进行的ESG成员调查显示,93%的受访者认为ESG政策的适当实施可在业务中发挥积极作用。亚太区的跨区域机构型资本实力雄厚,将成为一股变革的力量。此外,亚太区高净值人士群体不断壮大,对社会责任投资组合的要求越来越高,也将为变革提供重要的推动力。亚太区各国纷纷制定零碳排放目标,充分说明政策环境已开始转变。MSCI指出,过去三年里,亚太区各市场80%以上行业的ESG整体得分均有所提升。中国作为目前全球最大的碳排放国,承诺到2060年实现碳中和。中国已经超过日本成为亚洲最大的绿色债券发行国,而其成为全球最大的绿色债券发行国只是时间问题。新加坡和香港也于近期宣布将打造亚太区绿色金融中心,填补ESG生态关键环节,激励ESG项目发展。亚太区这类倡议将推动大量资本流入低碳经济领域。这些宏远目标无疑为投资者带来了重大机会。无限机遇虽然气候变化的影响无一地区能够幸免,但在许多方面,亚太区更容易受到影响,这主要源于区域经济对自然资源和农业部门的依赖,以及城市人口密集、沿海城市海拔较低等社会及地理因素。9据麦肯锡全球研究院估计,亚太区每年损失的GDP约占全球损失总额的三分之二以上,预计到2050年,洪水可能导致1.2万亿美元左右的GDP损失。如不采取适应和缓解措施,亚洲社会和经济将越发容易受到气候风险的影响。城镇化进程仍在推进,亚太区可在当下采取措施提升韧性,为未来发展提供更多保障,同时捕捉可持续发展催生的机会。根据安永的“可再生能源国家吸引力指数”,中国、印度在可再生能源投资和部署机会方面位于全球前三位。亚太区正处于经济扩张过程之中,有充足的时间和充分的资源来调整优先事项排序,为自己也为世界打造更可持续的未来。未来,亚太区仍然能够从容应对各类挑战。亚太不动产协会一直倡导在房地产行业推广ESG和可持续发展的最佳实践,可持续投资决策正日益融入协会成员的DNA。我们致力于成为通向净零排放世界的桥梁。文:SigridZialcita亚太不动产协会(APREA)首席执行官8视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn亚太区可投资资产总值增长预测亚太区的房地产上市公司阵营不断扩大,为经济绿色复苏的策划与运作提供了大好机会。证券化的上市工具能够很好地抓住ESG标签带来的机会。随着资产证券化比例不断提高,其在ESG领域和实现可持续发展目标方面将发挥巨大作用2030202040~45万亿美元未来城市未来城市将促进可持续/循环经济的发展,同时也需要变得更加智能、安全,具备更强的韧性及适应能力。要实现这一目标,必须采用自上而下的整体策略,从初期设计开始环环相扣,并贯穿至各个微观层面,让所有关键利益相关者参与进来,尤其是在建筑环境等领域。设计施工5建筑环境不仅是全球最大的财富库,触及社会、经济、商业的方方面面,同时也是温室气体排放量的最主要来源之一。未来发展框架的制定需要所有利益相关方群策群力。城市一体化能源系统净零排放目标的实现需要遵循三个重要原则:一是降低能源生产环节的碳强度;二是打造更智能/适应性更强的电网;三是降低建筑环境的能量强度(提升能效)。利益相关者1政府政策制定者、监管者、市长及行政管理者,通过制定框架政策(尤其是税收相关)来鼓励特定行为,协调并引导基础设施投资。深层架构高效的城市形态可以加速推进城市的绿色低碳进程。新时期的城市设计要以密度为核心,优化土地利用、交通基础设施、住房供应等。将循环经济思维融入建筑设计及施工,可以实现多重利益,包括释放建筑及土地价值,通过材料回收再利用使剩余价值最大化,通过建筑设计及运营优化提高资产寿命,等等。利益相关者主要包括以下几类:超高能效建筑建筑物的绝大部分能耗来自供暖、制冷和照明。必须确保充分的外墙隔热,同时探索区域热泵供热解决方案,采用能效更高的空调系统,充分利用自然光线。应实现建筑物与电网的更紧密融合,同时推进充电基础设施建设,以更好地利用分布式可再生能源(如屋顶太阳能电池板发电)。最后,还需要一个强大的建筑管理系统来统一协调复杂的动态能源系统。102投资者在短期回报基础之上,可持续性、社会及道德标准也日益成为投资决策的主要依据,以长远眼光提前布局,应对未来可能的监管限制。3能源服务商在能源生产环节实现降碳减排,开发智能、高效的传输网络,推动城市电气化进程。4建筑及基础设施利益相关方负责协调房地产各环节、各细分领域的从业者,打造并管理服务于社区的物业资产。市民终端消费者,其对生活、工作及消费方式的思考及谨慎选择能够左右未来发展方向。综合性政策11视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn公平、包容性及社会影响隐私及透明度安全及韧性开放性及互操作性运营及金融方面的可持续性‧信息及通讯技术(ICT)无障碍‧将可及性纳入采购标准,确保残障人士能够使用数字相关服务‧隐私印象评估‧确定流程来评估新城市技术部署对隐私的影响‧网络安全问责制‧明确落实可追责性的关键措施,保护城市及市民的资产‧开放数据‧为城市开放数据战略制定示范政策‧数字基础设施‧制定规划政策,促进城市利益相关者之间的协调合作,降低数字基础设施的推广成本和复杂程度智能城市随着创新步伐继续加快,数字主导型商业策略及数字原生不断升温,技术领域的更新迭代也同样冲击着我们生存的物理环境。与其被动卷入全新的数字时代,以零散、孤立、脆弱、成本效率低、缺乏连贯性的方式存续,无法从容应对未来挑战,建筑环境可以围绕安全性、互操作性、可持续性、隐私和公平等核心要素,主动采用优化发展框架。世界经济论坛及G20全球智慧城市联盟在近期发布智慧城市治理报告,制定了一个政策路线图,供政策制定者和技术提供商参考,作为健全技术治理的基准。路线图围绕五个核心原则:韧性及适应性没有人能有把握地预测未来是什么模样。社会、产业、商贸等领域的变化意味着城市将需要提供不同的资源和服务。随着技术的进步,城市及社会的很多互动(如移动性)都将发生本质变化,同时也会产生更多数据,洞察人们使用空间的方式,使新型应用的出现成为可能。极端天气等外部力量将给城市带来新的压力。需要在效率和韧性之间取得平衡。在以效率为目标时,所有参数都围绕效率同步调整,以创造额外价值;而当外部力量介入破坏这一平衡时,一味追求效率可能会使系统陷入混乱。在互联网高度发展的今天,如果城市发生洪灾,可能会出现移动支付系统、叫车软件、酒店预订平台、食品配送、在线导航等各类系统软件的瘫痪。反映性智慧性稳健性冗余性灵活性包容性韧性原则图7:中国可再生能源分类来源:国家统计局、第一太平戴维斯研究部可再生天然气原油煤40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%788004921684089688120082069418861098901402图8:中国的城镇化进程来源:联合国人口司、第一太平戴维斯研究部城镇人口净增长城镇化率百万人140120100806040200-2019501955196019651970197519801985199019952000200520102015202020252030203530402045205090%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%紧凑型城市的生产力水平往往更高,并可通过对流动性基础设施解决方案的更高效投资,服务于低收入社会群体,从而创造更大的社会效益。无论是巴黎的“15分钟生活圈”,还是墨尔本的“20分钟街区”,这些新型城市规划理念通过确保日常必需资源和服务(工作、食物、健康、教育和娱乐)均在一定距离之内,鼓励市民绿色出智能能源基础设施许多城市的能源基础设施仍采用数十年前的设计,多为输出稳定的集中式电力系统。推动传统设施向可再生能源系统和分布式发电模式转变,意味着需要改造能源基础设施,以适应发电、存储和消费因为时间和地域迁移而产生的变化和差异。需要使用智能电表和物联网设备来收集更多数据,从而实现动态控制,探索通过定价来平滑需求波动的可能;同时识别技术瓶颈以及未来投资的重点领域,特别是在电动化覆盖面更广、供电趋于紧张的情况下。电网还应该允许接入更多充电点,因为在维持城市日常运作的同时,电网还将搭载更多系统,提供更广泛的服务(如新能源汽车)。理论上来说,分布式网络的韧性高于传统电网,但也应对其进行加固,以抵御自然或人为灾害,同时配备冗余供电系统应对突发事件。电气化及低碳化随着越来越多的系统过渡到电气化,用电需求增加,让发电变得更加绿色、环保已是势在必行。系统的电气化有利于各领域统一协调、提高兼容性,未来有望实现建筑和车辆相互供电等场景。此外,全面电气化意味着电力成为单一能源,可避免设备重复安装,降低施工和维护成本。紧凑型城市确定正确的城市发展形态是发展更可持续社会的重要前提,为整体建筑环境以及企业与社区提供基础支撑。高效的城市形态可以加速推进城市各组成要素的脱碳进程。城市设计要以密度为核心,这一点极为关键,即采用新城市主义原则,优化土地利用、设计规划、交通服务和住房供应。正确应用这些原则,可以打造出紧凑、互联、清洁的城市,无论建设还是运行,对土地、材料和能源的需求都更为节约。提高城市密度,亦能提升交通网络和社会基础设施的投资回报率。行。步行或者骑行不仅有助于交通网络脱碳,亦可促进市民的身心健康,增进社区归属感并提升参与度。1213视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn建筑信息建模(BIM)与数字孪生数字孪生体是对物理空间的动态虚拟复制,将设计、施工及实时运营数据融为一体。数字孪生技术可以进行模拟、预测并辅助决策。其工作原理是将建筑的系统、传感器和水电表数据与智能多维数字模型相结合。真正的数字孪生体会对建筑运行及使用行为等方面进行映射,从而进行模拟、预测,并基于现实场景辅助合理决策。数字孪生体对资产的设计和运行情况提供了多维视角,包括用户行为、使用模式、空间利用和动线模式等。数字孪生体可以收集特定环境中的大量数据,对不同的假设场景进行模拟、测试,例如设计变更、天气干扰和安全事件的影响。对现实世界进行建模的能力使得低成本的迭代设计成为可能,即模拟资产或资产组合的行为,对之进行分析,探索提高效能的途径,从而解决具有挑战性的设计问题。借助人工智能辅助设计技术,按照期望的结果和参数进行模拟,同时使用打分系统来评估可能的设计方案,将可制定出高效的创新策略。建筑施工技术麦肯锡全球研究院在2015年对美国22个经济行业进行了数字化评估,结果显示,建筑施工是业务运营数字化程度最低的行业之一,仅次于农业及狩猎。这表明建筑施工行业的数字化水平以及效率还有显著提升的空间。材料据估计,全球约40%的温室气体排放量来自房地产业。此前行业关注点都在运营碳排放方面,如今日益向建筑环境的隐含碳排放转移。出现了类似于mindfulMATERIALS的服务平台,免费提供健康和环境可持续发展相关的产品信息,帮助买家做出更好选择。另一方面,领先国际开发商也开始统一战线,利用购买力向供应商施压,开发更具可持续性的环保产品。当下,行业日益重视现有材料的回收利用,同时也在探索更具可持续性的材料。环保混凝土以及混凝土替代材料(如:交错层级材,一种话题探索新型木建筑材料)已经开始在部分小体量项目中得到应用。循环经济循环经济概念指的是尽可能地重复使用或回收现有产品,从而延长其生命周期,将浪费降到最低限度。这与传统的线性经济业务形成鲜明对比;后者注重生产,并没有在最初的产品设计阶段考虑处置问题。考虑到建筑的高昂成本和隐含碳排放,如今循环经济原则也开始应用到建筑环境当中。建筑的生命周期一般在50至80年,显著超过汽车、手机或衣服的使用寿命;但在这段时间里,建筑可能要经历数次翻新甚至重新定位,最终报废时将产生大量浪费。将循环经济思维融入建筑设计及施工,可以实现多重利益:•释放未使用建筑及土地的价值•通过在翻新或拆除阶段对材料的回收和再利用,使剩余价值最大化•通过建筑设计及运营优化提高资产寿命•实现维修、再利用和再制造(现代建筑方法)现代建筑方法使用现代建筑方法可减少建筑施工对环境的影响,包括隐含碳排放及运营碳排放。传统建筑方法会造成大约20%的原材料浪费,场外施工产生的浪费则少得多,占比低至1%。工厂通过严格控制加工环境、优化生产流程,能够实现浪费最小化。除此之外,模块式施工可以减少材料运送需求,有效降低运输过程中的碳排放。完工后的建筑本身能效也更高,可减少运营阶段的能源成本。组装更快、周期缩短也是现代建筑方法的一大优势。虽然现代建筑方法的成本要比传统技术高出10%左右,但现代建筑方法在打造净零碳建筑方面更具竞争力。未来随着工厂订单增多,实现规模化生产,现代建筑方法的成本将进一步降低。图9:麦肯锡全球研究院行业数字化指数,2015来源:麦肯锡全球研究院、第一太平戴维斯研究部整体数字化数字支出数字资产存量交易互动业务流程员工数字支出数字资本深化工作数字化信息通讯技术传媒专业服务金融与保险批发贸易先进制造石油与天然气公共设施化工与医药原材料制造业采矿业房地产运输与仓储教育零售贸易娱乐与休闲专业本地服务政府医疗保健酒店建筑施工农业及狩猎14数字化水平相对较高数字化水平相对较低15视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn低碳TOD的当务之急以下总结了成功的TOD设计的战略要求,并突出了价值创造的各个方面。交通导向开发多交通模式共享互为联系的功能混合使用方式直接连接商业领域紧凑且增加的密度步行可达/舒适低碳领域公共空间的可达性=价值创造未来可变的使用灵活性全天候商业设施成就经济活力为宜居性而改善的环境质量172021年进博会报告savills.com建立多模式的交通连接可达性与机动性是城市有效运行的基本要素。TOD可以在多种交通方式之间建立高效连接,实现舒适换乘,同时连接区域经济,减少交通阻塞和空气污染,促进健康的生活方式。结合项目开发,这些中心枢纽会成为城市的重要节点。职/住社区的混合土地使用一个在住宅、商业、就业和市政用途之间取得良好平衡的项目有助于打造充满活力的城市生态系统,为生活/工作的社区提供支持。项目多样性可通过混合土地用途来实现,这也有助于支撑社区的社会价值体系、提升住房可负担性,并为未来的人口结构变化做好准备。增加密度以实现紧凑开发换乘站点之间的聚集性密度可辐射更大的发展区域,为更多人口提供便利交通。TOD必须紧凑、密集,通过最大限度地提升便利度、尽可能靠近区域交通网来促进步行可达性,同时充分释放换乘站点周围的土地价值。将低碳高性能的标准与高效交通一体化开发相结合,将为未来的综合城市规划和新城市环境的宜居性奠定基础。然而,设计策略会因为城市或城区的开发密度及交通辐射范围而有所不同,例如SOM参与设计的雄安新城和杭州地铁杭钢站社区。增强经济活力,提升土地价值通过连接就业密集区域和商业枢纽,车站可以成为城市门户和重要的增长型资产。多项研究均表明,靠近交通站点的住宅和商业物业价格可上涨5%到30%。TOD还将通过各种配套设施、开放空间、社交和文化活动实现社区利益的最大化。提升环境质量,打造健康城市多模式交通联运和TOD可减少43%-78%的家庭温室气体和碳排放(Haas2020)。在中国,公共和私人交通方式的电气化已使得二氧化氮和碳排放量得到显著降低,这在大城市中尤为明显,未来这些城市将逐步转变为低能耗的健康城市。SOM:低碳在中国的快速城市化进程中,许多城市逐步推出针对“交通为导向的开发项目”(TOD)的指导方针,并出台综合城市开发和交通规划的具体政策。虽然具体政策因城而异,但均包含以下三大方面的战略目标以及标准:1.整合运输系统和服务2.制定全面计划和一体化发展3.吸引投资和其它资金TOD通过在集中发展区域内精心整合多种交通方式,借助低碳宜居设计实现城市转型。而至关重要的是,应通过城市设计针对不同的开发规模匹配优秀的TOD设计原则,打造具备商业可持续性的混合用途城市环境。低碳设计+TOD—城市改造双管齐下用优秀设计实现收益未来的TOD及低碳城市环境1716文:PeterDuncan,SOM区域运营负责人雄安新城规划雄安新区将发展成为中国智慧城市新样板,区域战略和环保绩效都将走在全球最前列。关键设计策略包括将多模式联运与相连的开发区域全面整合。基础设施与自然景观融为一体。杭州杭钢地铁TOD规划全新的杭钢站将包括多模式交通和步行友好的公共空间,在低碳区域内鼓励步行方式。城市的公共空间可激活商业开发,同时引导各种地下交通线路之间的连接动线。视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn调查覆盖房地产科技从空间使用设计到筹集资金等多个不同领域。在物业管理技术这一类别,94%的公司表示整体而言技术应用对运营和服务有积极影响,82%的公司称对财务表现有积极影响,80%的公司称对决策有积极影响。房地产科技在中国物业管理领域的应用似乎比其他市场更加普遍,这可能是因为技术以客户端应用为主,例如在家居环境中日益普及的智能产品系列。从监控摄像头到动作感应夜灯,小米推出一系列低成本、高颜值的智能设备。智能门/窗传感器可以检测到门/窗的意外开启或关闭并通知主人,官方售价仅49元。在商务场景中,越来越多的办公楼采用人脸识别门禁系统,租户和访客需要通过微信或短信预先登记,且只可进入指定楼层。智能服务机器人在商场、酒店、餐厅、商务园区、机场和火车站等场所也越来越常见,负责安全巡逻、包裹投递、提供指引、区域消毒等。阿里巴巴、腾讯、字节跳动等本土互联网巨头也对房地产科技在日常生活中的深度渗透起到了重要的推动作用。看重用户参与度的互联网企业在进入房地产相关领域开展业务时,也将类似指标“移植”过来,捕捉个人用户关注。助推可持续议程房地产科技的更广泛采用将有助于房地产业实现净零排放,特别是在现有建筑中的应用。除了在屋顶安装太阳能电池板等方案以外,资产管理方还要安装传感器和控制器,以提高能源使用效率,实现温度及照明的自动调节。现有建筑在未来进行更大规模翻新乃至重新定位时,将可实现更加可观的能源收益。许多国家纷纷制定目标提高绿色电力生产比重,中国计划到2060年将绿色电力生产比例提升到85%。因此,一些分析家认为,只要建筑实现电气化并从电网购买绿色能源,即可实现净零能耗运营。然而,论述忽略了一个事实,即只有当企业和社会同时降低能源强度时,可再生能源组合目标才有可能实现。业主必须与租户合作,确保所有利益相关者朝着共同目标推进。绿色租约就是其中一种合作形式,在传统租约基础上增加了业主和租户对房产的可持续经营/使用承担特定责任/义务的条款。这个概念通常包括对建筑高效运营进行具有可操作性的标准细化,例如装修需要遵循最低可持续性标准,对租户空间进行分户计量等等。透明度作为运营的关键要素,可以通过房地产科技得到保障。传感器和数据平台的应用使租户和业主能够实时共享数据。通过实时反馈,租户可以了解自身行为如何改变用电情况,从而做出相应调整。与财务表现相关性较弱的措施也可以搭建,例如,将大楼里的租户与同行进行比较,确保租户和员工更加了解其行为对碳足迹的影响;或是针对某些特定功能建立闭环反馈系统。房地产科技对物业管理公司也很有帮助,特别是在现有建筑中。通过实时收集详细数据,可以发现管理安排的疏漏,稍作调整就可能显著减少能源消耗并降低管理成本。挑战房地产界已达成一个共识——建筑运营期间可以做出很多工作来实现更广泛的可持续性目标,且有必要做出这些努力。前期高昂成本及较长的回报周期是众所周知的两大挑战,但随着成本下降,有效性及效率提升,挑战难度会有所下降,但仍需业主做出最终决策。图11:物业管理技术应用的影响来源:城市土地学会、第一太平戴维斯研究部0%30%60%10%40%70%20%50%80%90%100%决策财务表现运营及服务显著积极影响一定积极影响(几乎)没有影响为时尚早无法评论科技加持房地产科技将助推房地产业朝着净零排放目标迈进,有必要在建筑运营阶段增加科技投入,努力实现可持续发展。现有建筑节能改造市场拥有巨大潜力,但同时面临全面翻新成本高昂的障碍。可对建筑进行定期的节能升级维护,将可持续理念贯穿建筑生命周期。行业融资房地产科技在过去十年中录得稳步增长,未来在房地产市场的支撑下,增势将得以维持甚至加速。PitchBook数据显示,未来五年全球房地产市场总值预计可实现8.6%的年均复合增长率,从2020年的4,876亿美元增长到2025年的7,371亿美元。据统计,2021年前8个月全球共计达成753笔投资交易;亚洲仅占102笔,但单笔成交额中位数继续走高,达到906万美元,美国为1,077万美元。疫情持续影响经济正常运行,拖累2020年全球风投活动放缓,但进入2021年增势得以恢复。疫情冲击叠加商业运营及人类行为的变化,迫使房地产公司重新思考自身的数字战略。德勤近期一项调查1显示,82%的受访者认为疫情暴露了自身数字能力的缺陷,很多公司计划加速推进数字化转型。类似趋势可从Crunchbase的数据中找到支撑。数据还显示,专攻物业管理的技术企业在2021年前七个月共计募得20亿美元。城市土地学会(ULI)近期发布一份全球调查报告,探讨了房地产科技在过去三年中的应用情况、当前应用的广度、对商业功能的影响以及未来发展计划。1(德勤)2021年商业房地产展望报告图10:全球房地产科技风投交易来源:Pitchbook、第一太平戴维斯研究部交易数量20122013201420152016201720182019202020219008007006005004003002001000亚洲美国欧洲18房地产科技赋能绩效提升管理运营19视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn图13:商业楼宇的物联网信息价值关联来源:楼宇物联网;德勤金融服务业分析中心无处不在的分析能力支持移动端访问的应用界面第三方应用使用及运动感应器温度传感器光传感器暖通空调照明停车能量门禁及安保入驻情况监控器健身追踪器消防安全电梯垃圾化学传感器可扩展云端分析能力企业应用一体化平台标准化、安全性高的一体化IP网络完全不同的建筑系统多用途可兼容的高级传感器水服务商分散及兼容性问题建筑运营是一个复杂问题,涉及暖通空调、照明、水气、电梯、停车等若干种复杂系统。这些系统原先均由各自对应的服务商负责供应、安装及管理。而随着新的房地产科技解决方案出现并对单个系统进行管理,复杂程度倍增,因为不同系统采用不同的命名规则、API标准及数据形式,实现系统之间的互操作性非常困难。因此,公共及私营领域制定数据标准化标准及框架的努力对于房地产科技的加速采用及扩张至关重要。所有权碎片化系统的推出可能经历一个漫长的过程。系统安装相对简单直接,真正繁琐耗时的是用户教育——用户群体呈现明显的碎片化特征;不仅要让用户了解系统的好处,还要根据独特的建筑结构、资产类别、使用类型、法规和环境为用户定制系统平台。黑石集团是全球规模最大的房地产商之一,管理着价值3,000亿至4,000亿美元的资产,但在估值280万亿美元的全球房地产市场面前也只是沧海一粟。即使是这些大型业主也很难在大规模投资组合中推出统一的房地产科技战略。技能差距房地产科技仍处于概念验证阶段,且信息技术和房地产两大行业之间仍存在巨大的技能和知识差距。毕马威2019年一项全球调查显示,房地产公司领导数字化转型的人员中,65%没有数字技术相关背景。安永的调查结果与之类似,53%的调查对象表示缺乏必需的技术人才。房地产公司必须着手提高员工技能并进行政策调整,培养创新文化。超级应用加速赛道中国科技行业的发展环境与世界其他地区相对隔绝,涌现出包括腾讯、阿里巴巴在内的一批本土成功企业,在相对宽松的监管环境下蓬勃发展,直到近年监管加码后才有所放缓。这些公司以各自特有的方式发展,打造了独特的商业模式和生态系统。微信目前在国内拥有超过10亿活跃用户,全球用户约12.4亿,来自各行各业。博圣轩2020年分析显示,微信用户年龄层与中国人口的年龄层存在一定相关性。这一分析结果并不意外,因为支付宝、微信支付几乎已经取代了传统支付方式。疫情爆发后,支付宝、微信亦迅速启动健康码,为疫情防控常态化之下的出行健康需求提供便利与保障。然而,真正改变格局的是2017年微信小程序的出现。第三方可在微信生态系统中搭建无需下载即可应用的程序。小程序的开发相对简单,无需下载即可流畅体验,用户反响非常热烈。博圣轩数据显示,截至2020年6月,每十个微信用户中就有六个经常使用用户。此外,微信支付、企业微信及其他后台管理系统的关联促使更多企业入驻微信平台及小程序,实现系统绑定。技术企业在零售、金融、传媒、通信等领域站稳脚跟后,又将目光转向中国最大行业之一的房地产。这类企业的优势在于他们在用户参与、行为及偏好等方面拥有丰富的知识与经验。然而,房地产业的挑战不同其他,包括行业对变化的抗拒,利益相关方及用户的庞大数量,所有权的分散以及管理的碎片化。负责监控并调节办公楼暖通空调系统及照明的公司,同时服务于业主、物业管理公司、企业租户及员工。房地产科技企业需要保证系统兼容性、通讯畅通度并妥善权衡优先事项,来确保技术的成功采用。技术企业的优势在于已经拥有广泛且深入的市场基础,对于用户参与也有着透彻的认识。通过收集用户偏好及行为相关数据,物业管理公司可在用户访问高峰期借助人工智能推荐服务或产品。另一方面,本地技术企业能够迅速响应市场需求,迅速扩展垂直细分市场并提升现有服务。房地产科技将两者优势结合,成功维持了用户的关注度。20来源:第一太平戴维斯研究部图12:物业管理市场房地产科技企业图鉴运营平台能量管理及追踪安全及消防商业租户管理美国中国物业管理21视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn打造更具可持续性的建筑,这一目标在新建建筑中更容易实现,成本效益也更高。但现有建筑体量庞大,必须对其进行翻新或改造,才能达到建筑减排的显著成效。全面翻新成本高昂,通常只在建筑不堪使用时才会进行整体翻新,而对系统和局部的调整则会贯穿建筑的整个生命周期。这与人体有些类似——成年人体内细胞的平均寿命只有7到10年,体内大部分组织都在不断更新。建筑亦如此。业主和物业管理人员不断修复、更换建筑物的部件,选择能源效率和可持续性更高的替换系统对于建筑的定期维护非常重要。世界银行曾在2013年与上海市长宁区政府合作,制定了基于二氧化碳减排成本曲线和情景分析的低碳发展战略。研究确定了58项减排措施,评估各项措施的减排成本及其对减排的潜在贡献,并筛选出相对容易落实的措施。58项减排措施中有九项的减排成本为负值,但对减排仍有重大影响,具体包括:优化空调系统、采用太阳能供热系统、燃油锅炉改燃气锅炉、鼓励节能行为、使用自洁式冷凝器、电力锅炉改燃气锅炉、回收电梯能量、在线监控温度和使用软膜灯箱。利益相关方的参与据估算,房地产约占全球能源相关碳排放的39-40%,其中运营期间排放量约占28%,隐含排放量约占11-12%。虽然直接对隐含碳排放量负责的是制造商、规划方、设计师、施工企业及开发商,在建筑运营阶段,碳排放量控制是全社会的责任,因为我们都以某种方式在使用建筑环境。监控所有的努力都需要优质数据做为支撑,以便与业内同行及历史表现进行横、纵向比较,成为ESG投融资的敲门砖;亦可评估存在改善空间的板块以及某些楼宇翻新话题探索来源:世界银行、第一太平戴维斯研究部图14:虹桥板块评估,2015年减排量(千吨二氧化碳当量)14121086420-4,000-2,00002,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,000分布式能量系统太阳能供热系统65%节能标准门窗节能改造减排成本(人民币每吨二氧化碳当量)75%节能标准遮阳改造在线温度监控电梯能量回收燃油锅炉改燃气锅炉自洁式冷凝器节能行为电力锅炉改燃气锅炉空调优化外墙翻新WELL健康空间的运营及管理图15:WELL条款分类来源:国际WELL建筑研究院0%30%60%10%40%70%20%50%80%90%100%WELL健康—安全评价准则WELL健康社区标准试行版WELL健康建筑标准v2性能评估(%)运营管理策略(%)设计施工(%)运营WELL健康空间WELL健康空间的运营管理,需要通过建筑评估手段对建筑空间进行客观和主观评估,包括性能检测和持续监测,以及住户调查。除此之外,还需要制定和实施各项支持人体健康福祉的政策和运营策略,并将评估结果用于对运营管理策略制定和实施的调整之中,从而创造一个更为健康和高效的空间。前言近10年来,人们进一步认识到健康建筑是改善民生、政策落地和行业发展的需求[1]。相较于传统建筑,健康建筑更关注建筑如何直接为建筑使用人群的健康做出贡献。WELL健康建筑标准TM(WELLTM)依托最新的研究成果以及行业内的最佳实践,在全球范围内逐步推进并保障民众的健康和福祉。尤其在中国,健康建筑市场在充满挑战的2020性能评估WELL健康建筑标准中的建筑评估采用了性能检测和住户调查的方式从客观和主观的角度对建筑空间的实际表现进行评估。年出现逆势上扬的势头,我们看到了市场对于健康建筑表现出的极大需求。建筑中的健康风险因素可通过运营管理手段更好地控制[2]。国际WELL建筑研究院TM(IWBITM)长期以来一直致力于通过全方位的手段为人们打造健康建筑。通过WELL健康建筑标准、WELL健康社区标准以及WELL健康─安全评价准则等健康建筑评价体系,在关注建性能检测和持续监测性能检测和持续监测作为对建筑环境性能表现客观评估的最佳途径,是WELL认证过程中极其重要的环节。WELL健康建筑标准不仅要求由第三方性能检测代理在项目完工和/或入住后进行对空气、水、光、声和热舒适性能的综合检测,也要求项目在其运营阶段进行环境数据的持续监测,并每三年进行再认证的综合性能评估。筑设计与施工的同时,也关注着建筑后运营阶段的性能评估和运营管理策略在提升建筑健康中所扮演的重要角色。运营或行为变化的影响,打造子系统的反馈闭环。5G时代的到来、技术的进步以及人工智能/机器学习等技术的成熟使得部署更加简单、迅速,成本也更低。如今的挑战在于对业主进行数据安全教育,培训员工如何挖掘信息背后的价值。租户报告许多国家已经要求企业进行碳排放报告。碳排放一般分为三个关键组别。一类是直接排放,是指通过燃烧燃料、驾驶汽油车等直接排放的温室气体;二类是能源间接排放,主要是指电力消费,以及蒸汽、加热和冷却产生的碳排放;三类是其他间接排放,减排挑战性更高,但也是碳排放的最大来源。报告要求各企业了解与其业务相关但不属其所有的上游和下游排放。培训/教育虽然业主可以投资基础设施,可以安装系统来实现建筑监测和自动化,随着时间推移建筑也会不断完善,但起着关键甚至决定性作用的因素往往是人,尤其是在系统未精确校准或操作员没有正确理解、使用系统的情况下。空调运行时窗户大开的实例并不少见。因此,为确保共同可持续发展目标的实现,需要让建筑的所有用户都参与进来。2223视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn文:徐玫,国际WELL建筑研究院,亚洲区副总裁242021进博会savills.com.cn-242021年进博会报告savills.com图16:中国WELL认证项目性能检测结果统计(截止2021年7月)来源:国际WELL建筑研究院空气已获得WELL认证的中国项目实际现场性能检测的各项污染物暴露浓度平均值低于WELL阈值。昼夜节律照明中国WELL认证项目办公工位垂直面等效黑视素勒克斯平均值为307EML,超出WELL推荐的最高分值档阈值。等效黑视素勒克斯0100200300400水中国WELL认证项目水平均浊度为0.2NTU,低于WELL阈值1.0NTU。所有项目均未检出大肠杆菌,符合WELL要求。浊度NTU大肠杆菌10.80.60.40.20PM2.5μg/m3PM10μg/m3甲醛ppb苯μg/m3甲苯μg/m3一氧化碳ppm臭氧ppb氡pCi/L020601001404080120160声环境中国WELL认证项目开放办公区和封闭办公室的背景噪声平均值均低于WELLv2试行版推荐的最高分值档阈值。会议室背景噪声平均值低于标准要求的第二高分值档阈值。开放办公区封闭办公区会议室34分贝38分贝44分贝36分贝40分贝42分贝46分贝一般建筑和住户信息,包括工作类型或在室内所处时间员工支持政策(如带薪假期、育儿假期、灵活办公等)室内空气、水、光、声、热舒适等环境质量工作效率和敬业度(如工作时间、积极性等)运营维护、清洁卫生、防疫标准的社会人口信息(至少包括年龄和性别)健康政策和健康设施影响行为的满意度(如身体锻炼、健康饮食等)人体工程学、室内布局和美学健康福祉的自我评估健康设施的提供:亲自然、视野、营养、运动、母婴室、恢复空间等工作场所健康政策和服务的普及度和参与度(如身体锻炼激励计划、健康福利等)住户调查在性能评估手段中,除了对环境参数的客观测量外,定期收集和反馈建筑使用人员的主观评价也被认为是理解和评估使用者对建筑环境、健康设计和政策、以及运营维护满意度的有效工具。通过住户调查跟踪个体对空间的体验和满意度,可为确定需要优先采取的健康干预措施、解决人员不满问题、制定运营管理调整计划等提供有价值的信息,使建筑空间更加健康并更具生产力。图17:WELL健康建筑标准条款C04住户调查涵盖内容来源:国际WELL建筑研究院图18:中国WELL项目最受欢迎运营管理策略排名来源:国际WELL建筑研究院0%20%40%60%80%100%无烟环境推广健康教育实施住户调查健康食品广告清洁产品和规范推广身体锻炼军团菌控制定期水质检查饮用水设施维护车辆怠速限制微生物和霉菌控制提供水果和蔬菜提供食品营养信息限制高加工食品空气质量监测优化清洁作业优化清洁产品加强紧急应变能力制定健康返工计划推广健康与福祉管理霉菌和潮湿减少表面接触制定应急准备计划无烟环境制定业务连续性计划WELL健康建筑标准WELL健康─安全评价准则运营管理策略健康空间的后运营离不开全面支持人员健康和福祉的运营管理策略。包括公司健康政策以及物业设施运营在内的运营管理策略可以为项目使用者提供持续性健康保障。如今,越来越多的中国企业开始为员工制定工作场所健康计划。通过颁布多种健康激励政策及健康意识教育,员工的整体健康状况、满意度、幸福感和自我价值认同感都得到有效的提升[3,4]。研究发现,在工作场所健康计划上每花费1美元,医疗和缺勤费用分别下降约3.27美元和2.73美元[5]。成功的工作场所健康计划不仅降低医疗成本和缺勤率,还有助于提高工作效率、打造公司文化、吸引和保留人才。同时,物业设施设备的运营维护是建筑环境健康和安全的有力保障。依据对项目的主观和客观评估结果,WELL提倡项目对其物业设施运营进行调整以优化运营表现。例如:饮用水质管理条款中要求项目每季度进行水质测试以辅助确定管道或处理设备的维护需求。右图展示了中国项目在WELL健康建筑标准以及WELL健康─安全评价准则中的运营管理相关策略最受欢迎排名。WELL阈值中国WELL认证项目2425视野2021savills.com.cn视野2021savills.com.cn结语良好的设计和施工为今后的健康运营打下了硬件基础,而健康空间的成功运营仍需要结合持续化的性能评估和优化的管理策略。需指出的是,通常一个体现健康的设计和运营空间,也代表着一定程度的节能减排效果,如自然采光、自然通风等可持续设计和运营策略不但贡献建筑的绿色低碳,也支持着建筑使用者长期的健康和福祉。中国的城市发展已迈入了存量时代,我们欣喜地看到,越来越多的项目把获得WELL认证不再仅仅看作是一个终点,也是开启健康建筑后运营的重要里程碑。同时,IWBI亦将根据市场需求,推出WELL性能评价准则,通过建筑性能的数据改善优化人们的体验。可持续管理兼顾健康和绿色建筑的运营管理,不仅支持用户的长期健康与福祉,也帮助组织积极履行建筑全周期对环境的承诺。【参考文献】[1]王清勤,孟冲,李国柱,谢琳娜,刘茂林.我国健康建筑发展理念、现状与趋势[J].建筑科学,2018,34(09):12-17.[2]杨娇,张群,成辉,梁锐.美国WELL建筑标准与中国健康建筑评价标准比较分析[J].建筑科学,2018,34(08):112-117+155.[3]CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.WorkplaceHealthModelWorkplaceHealthPromotion.https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/model/index.html.AccessedFebruary4,2018.[4]WorldHealthOrganization.Workplacehealthpromotion.http://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/workplace/en/.Published2010.AccessedFebruary4,2018.[5]BaickerK,CutlerD,SongZ.Workplacewellnessprogramscangeneratesavings.HealthAff.2010;29(2):304-311.doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0626.26视野2021savills.com.cn案例:WELL项目运营健康的人、建筑与环境是塑造健康经济的基石。这一愿景的实现,需要更多项目积极采纳WELL健康建筑标准中的评估和运营手段来提升空间健康属性。我们很高兴看到的是,在中国越来越多的企业加入健康建筑运动,通过采用WELL健康建筑标准的评估手段和运营策略,发挥他们的先锋领导力。“员工是公司持续运转的引擎,员工的健康和福祉是成功的关键。因此,成为最具吸引力的雇主是保时捷的企业战略。2019年,我们在上海揭幕了新的中国总部,这是保时捷全球首家获得WELL健康建筑标准金级认证的空间。参考WELL健康建筑标准,我们打造了提升协作和参与度的工作环境。保时捷中国SPACE4.0员工们的微笑让我们确信,我们为未来的发展选择了正确的战略。”——保时捷中国,创新负责人,曾念怡保时捷中国SPACE4.0“2017年萧氏地毯上海展厅获得了银级WELL认证,我们最初选择WELL健康建筑标准是被其以人为本的理念和实践方式所打动与认同,因为以人为本是萧氏商用竞争力的三个基本支柱之一。在遵循WELL健康建筑标准运行的三年中,WELL对于健康与环境的改善对员工的工作和生活产生了深远的影响,中国员工满意度在2020年国际事业部调查位居全球大区第一。在此激励下,萧氏地毯上海展厅于2021年完成了WELL再认证,成为全球第一个WELL再认证项目并成功升级为铂金级认证(WELLv2试行版)。全体萧氏中国团队在参与运行WELL展厅办公室的四年中,体验并认知健康环境对于生命的意义,并努力在工作和生活中延展践行WELL以人为本的可持续发展理念,个人、家庭和团队都获得幸福的体验和认知。”——萧氏地毯,中国和蒙古大区副总裁,蔡秀军萧氏地毯上海展厅“科思创长期践行企业社会责任,高度重视员工健康与福祉,更希望通过材料专长助力可持续发展,全面推动循环经济。金级WELL认证,让科思创在为员工打造世界一流的、开放包容、灵活多选的工作环境的同时,提高了员工的健康幸福感和满意度,2019-2021年连续三年办公室的员工满意度调研结果分别为97%,99%和100%。”——科思创,企业传播部亚太区总监&多元包容项目亚太区负责人,项青科思创上海办公室27第一太平戴维斯中国朱兆荣中国区首席执行官+862163916688siuwing.chu@savills.com.cnAnthonyMcQuade华北区董事长+861059252288anthony.mcquade@savills.com.cn林木雄华南区董事长+8675584367000woody.lam@savills.com.cn胡裕华华西区董事长+862867373737eric.wo@savills.com.cn刘蔚海第一太平戴维斯华南区副董事长广州公司董事总经理+862036654800alvin.lau@savills.com.cn吴睿第一太平戴维斯深圳公司董事总经理+8675584367008ray.wu@savills.com.cn伍嘉乐第一太平戴维斯武汉公司董事长+862759305566thomas.ng@savills.com.cn孙维第一太平戴维斯南京公司总经理+862557720903jeremy.sun@savills.com.cn陈昆葳第一太平戴维斯杭州公司总经理+8657181020222anson.chan@savills.com.cn罗元均第一太平戴维斯西安公司总经理+862981872288dave.law@savills.com.cn刘奕兴第一太平戴维斯重庆公司总经理+862389003000andy.lau@savills.com.cn胡博飞第一太平戴维斯长沙公司总经理+8673189870177rebecca.hu@savills.com.cn吕晓艳第一太平戴维斯福建地区总经理+865928064608lucy.lui@savills.com.cn刘晓南第一太平戴维斯珠海公司总经理+867568622600stevenxn.liu@Savills.com.cn吴欣欣第一太平戴维斯海口公司总经理+8689836384200cindy.wu@savills.com.cn岐晓弟第一太平戴维斯天津公司副总经理+862258308877andy.chee@savills.com.cn姜华第一太平戴维斯沈阳公司副总经理+862483895066johnny.jiang@savills.com.cnJamesMacdonald中国区研究部负责人+862163916688james.macdonald@savills.com.cn张琳中国区研究部董事+862163916688chester.zhang@savills.com.cn亚太不动产协会SigridZialcita首席执行官+6569557850sigrid.zialcita@aprea.asia张文良中国区负责人+8613122865700allan.zhang@aprea.asiaSOM建筑设计事务所PeterDuncanSOM区域运营负责人+862161938915peter.duncan@som.com国际WELL建筑研究院吴正锐亚洲区副总裁+861050933667zhengrui.wu@wellcertified.com视野InvestmentDesignOperationBuildingasustainbaleecosystemforrealestateHorizonsIssue2/2021InassociationwithFinanceSustainableinvestmentFoodforthoughtAPREA:ESGGearedforGrowthinAsiaPacificDesignandConstructionFuturecitiesFoodforthoughtSOM:TransformingCitiesthroughLowCarbonDesignandTODManagementandOperationsPropTech–PoweringperformanceprogressFoodforthoughtIWBI:OperationsandManagementofWELLCertifiedSpaces10418114181472216923322021进博会savills.com.cnHorizons2021savills.com.cnSavillsplcSavillsisaleadingglobalrealestateserviceproviderlistedontheLondonStockExchange.Establishedin1855,thecompanyhasarichheritagewithunrivalledgrowth.Itisacompanythatleadsratherthanfollows,andnowhasover600officesandassociatesthroughouttheAmericas,Europe,AsiaPacific,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Thisreportisforgeneralinformativepurposesonly.Itmaynotbepublished,reproducedorquotedinpartorinwhole,normayitbeusedasabasisforanycontract,prospectus,agreementorotherdocumentwithoutpriorconsent.Whilsteveryefforthasbeenmadetoensureitsaccuracy,Savillsacceptsnoliabilitywhatsoeverforanydirectorconsequentiallossarisingfromitsuse.ThecontentisstrictlycopyrightandreproductionofthewholeorpartofitinanyformisprohibitedwithoutwrittenpermissionfromSavillsResearch.ContentHeavydebtloadneedstobelightenedRealestateisacapital-intensiveindustry.InChina,speculative,oftenunsecured,developmenthasbeenheavilyfinancedbybankloans,pre-salesand,inmorerecentyears,bonds,securitiesandprivatedebtfinancing.Asmarketconditionsslow,developerdebtlevelsrise,andinvestorsreducetheirmarketexposure,thechanceofadebtcrunchstartingintherealestatesectorandspreadingintothefinancialsectorpresentsarealrisktostability.Chineseauthorities,inanattempttoreinincountrywidedebtlevels,implementedafinancialde-riskingcampaignin2017,includingacrackdownonshadowbanking.Then,startingin2020,thegovernmentimplementedguidelinesondeveloperfinancinglevelsandtheirabilitytoissuenewdebtiftheselevelsexceedpre-determinedlevels(the“threeredlines”)aswellassettinglimitstobanks’exposuretotherealestatedebtmarketandsourcesoffinancingfornewsiteacquisitions.Therealestatemarket,however,remainsanimportantdriverofeconomicgrowth,animportantstoreofwealth,asignificantemployer,andamajorsourceofgovernmentrevenues.Itisthereforeimperativetoensureconfidenceandstabilityinthesectorwhilealsofindingamoresustainablepathforward.Realestateinvestmenttrusts(REITs)areanimportantsourceoflong-terminvestmentcapitalinmanymarketsaroundtheworld.REITsbringwiththemincreasedliquidity,stabilityandtransparencytotherealestateandcapitalmarkets.ChinahaslongbeenexploringpossiblewaystolaunchitsownREITsbasedonitsuniquepolitical,financialandtaxationsituationsbylaunchingABS,CMBSandQuasi-REITsovertheyears.However,thesearemostlydebtproductsinnature.ChinaeventuallyissueditsownREITs(initiallyfocusedoninfrastructureprojects)inJune2021withthelaunchofnineC-REITsontheShanghai(SSE)andShenzhen(SZSE)stockexchanges.WhiletherearestillsomelimitationscomparedwithREITsinothermorematuremarkets,thisisasignificantmilestoneforChina’scapitalandrealestatemarkets,anditcouldhaveaprofoundimpactonthemarketinthelongrun.ToensurethesmoothandsuccessfullaunchofC-REITs,authoritieshavecarefullyselectedREITapplicationswhoseunderlyingassetscangeneratestableandattractiveincomestreamsandarealignedwithlong-terminvestmenthorizonsaswellasbringingcapitalandbenefitstobearuponareasactivelysupportedbythegovernment.Currently,theunderlyingassetsarerestrictedtoinfrastructure,includingtheconcessionrightsfortollroads,wasteandwatertreatment,aswellasbusinessparksandwarehouses.Butasauthorities,sponsorsandinvestorsbecomemorecomfortablewiththisnewinvestmentproduct,additionalassettypescouldbecomeeligibleinthenearfuture.Infact,notsoonaftertheinitiallaunchofC-REITs,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission(NDRC)refinedguidelinestoallowREITsSustainableinvestmentReorientatinginvestmentforstablehealthygrowthFigure1:Top99ChineseDeveloperTotalLiabilitywithInterestAmountandGrowthRateRMBtnSourceCRIC,SavillsResearchInterestbearingdebtYoYgrowth45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%9876543210201520162017201820192020forcertaintypesofrentalhousingtobeincludedaseligiblefutureassettypesinthefuture.C-REITswerewellreceivedbybothinstitutionalbuyersandretailinvestors,thoughallC-REITsrequiresponsorsandstrategicinvestorstoholdhighlevelsofequitywithinthestructure(only4-13%wasmadeavailabletoretailinvestors).SixofthenineREITswerepricedatapremiumtotheirvaluations,ledbyGLPLogisticsREIT(9%premium).Thetranchesofferedtotheretailinvestorswere15timesoversubscribedonthefirstdayofoffering.Chinahasbeenmissingalong-terminvestmenttoolthathasalimitedriskexposureandalsoprovidesreturnshigherthantreasurybonds(2yrtreasury:2.43%;2yrfixed-termdeposit:2.1%).Long-termexposureyetstillliquidTherapidpricegrowththathascometobeassociatedwiththeChineserealestateTable1:FirstBatchofC-REITsSourceCSRC;HK;SSE;SZSE;SavillsResearchC-REITs-FarmorethanRMB30billionmarketseemstobecomingtoanend.Gonearethedayswheninvestorscouldmeetinvestmenthurdlesbyrelyinguponrisingrentsandcapratecompression.Investorsneedtoextendtheirinvestmenthorizonwhilefocusingonproactiveassetmanagementandprojectenhancementstoincreaserentalincomeandassetvalueoverthelongrun.Atthesametime,REITsenablesponsors(typicallydevelopers)toretainpartialownershippropertiesforalongtermwithoutlosingthedecisionandmanagementrightwhilealsofreeingupcapitalthatcanpaydowndebtorbeinvestedelsewhere.WhilemanyothernationscontinuetograpplewiththefalloutfromCOVID-19andthelong-termimplicationstotherealestatemarket,China’srecoveryhasbeenswift,thoughoccasionallydisruptedbytargetedlockdowns.Companieshavereturnedtooffices,andshoppersarebackoutinthestreets.Keyoccupiersegmentsofthecommercialrealestatesectorarealsorecordingsteadyexpansion,whetherthatbethecontinuousopeningandProjectnameFundmanagerUnderlyingassetsLanduse/concessionrightFundtenure(year)Assetvaluation(RMBmn)GLPLogisticsREITCICCFundWarehouseLanduseright5053.5YantianPortLogisticsREITHotlandInnovationAMWarehouseLanduseright3617.0CMSKIndParkREITBoseraFundIndustrialParkLanduseright5025.3SuzhouIndParkREITSoochowFundIndustrialParkLanduseright4033.5ZhangjiangEverbrightParkREITHua’anFundIndustrialParkLanduseright2014.7HuhangyongExpresswayREITZheshangSecuritiesAMTollRoadConcessionright2045.6GuangjiaoExpresswayREITPingAnFundTollRoadConcessionright9996.7AVICShougangREITAVICFundSolidWasteConcessionright2112.5CapitalWaterREITFullgoalFundWaterTreatmentConcessionright2617.5REITsprovidedeveloperswithanewsourceofcapitalfrominstitutionalinvestorsandpublicinvestorswhilealsolimitingtheminimalamountofleverage(20%ofgrossassetvalue).WhenChinaexpandsthescopeofREITstoincludeothercommercialassettypes,itcanhelpdeveloperspaydowndebtlevelstomoresustainablelevels,reducinginterestratesanddebtservicingcosts.Ifdevelopersalreadyhavemanageabledebtlevels,itwillenablethemtorecyclecapitalintonewprojectsandmakelong-termstrategicinvestments.5Horizons2021savills.com.cn4FinanceHorizons2021savills.com.cnSourceSavillsResearchFigure3:KeyComponentsforREITManagementAcquisitions‧Targetwell-situated,high-qualitydevelopments‧Targetsmusthavestableincomestreamsandfuturegrowthpotential‧Buildrobustportfoliotooptimiseinvestorsreturnsandreducevolatility‧SecureattractivepricingonacquistionsAssetmanagement‧Pro-activemanagementtoimproveoperationalefficiencyandenhancereturns‧Preventiveprogramandassetmaintenancetoensurepropertiesareingoodcondition‧Assetenhancementtostrengthenassets’competitivepositionsCredit&riskmanagement‧Optimisecapitalstructure‧Calibrateequity/debtfundingmix‧Manageriskexposure‧EnsurealignmentofinterestwithdifferentstakeholdersFoodforthoughtGreenfinanceThePeople’sBankofChinaannouncedinFebruary2021,the“threemajorfunctionsandfivepillars”(“三大职能”和“五大支柱”)formakinggreenfinanceworkforcarbonneutrality.expansionofthefinancialmarkets.Chinaisinvestinginthedevelopmentofnativetechnologiesinneweconomyindustriesandpromotingadvancesinthelifesciencessector,advancedandautomatedmanufacturingandconsumerproductsandservicessegments.Thatleavesthetechsector.Oneofthefastest-growingeconomysegmentsoverthelastdecade,thesectorhaswitnessedaspateofnewregulationsoverthelastyear,havingasignificantimpactonsentimentandshareprices.Nevertheless,theregulationsarepositiveforthelongrunastheyprimarilylookatreducingsystemicrisksandbreakingupmonopoliesaswellasbetterregulatingdataflow/silos.Thesepoliciesbenefitfromensuringgreaterstability,increasingcompetitionwhilealsomakingbetteruseofdata.Growthinthesesegmentsshouldprovideastrongbaseofdemandonwhichthecommercialrealestatemarketcancontinuetogrow,creatingareliablestreamofincomeforlong-terminvestors.AssetmanagementbecomethekeyThesuccessofaREIToverthelongtermreliesheavilyonthequalityofitsassetmanagerstoactivelyupgradethequalityandlevelofunderlyingassets,improvetheefficiencyandgeneratehighoperatingincomeinordertopayouthigherdividends,accruecapitalvaluegrowthand,asaresult,gainthelong-termrecognitionandsupportfromitsinvestors.AsuccessfulREITassetmanagementrequirescoordinationandaligningtheeffortsofmultiplestakeholders.Bydoingso,REITscanbuildaresilientandstrongecosystemwhererelatedpartiescanflourish.Thisprocessisfundamentaltomaximisingvaluecreationandachievinglong-termbusinesssustainability.REITmanagersarealsomorelikelytomakelong-sighteddecisionssuchasestablishingwell-roundedassetmanagementteamsthatunderstandtheassetclassandpropertiesintimatelyorexpendingcapitalintheshorttermtoensurefutureresilienceandforlonger-termdividendssuchasinvestingcapitalFigure2:Shanghaiofficecapitalindex2010Q1-2021Q2SourceSavillsResearch4003503002502001501005001999/Q2=100201020112012201320162014201720152018201920202021Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1Q3Q1tomakethebuildings“greener”.REITsalsohavetheadvantageofenablingretailinvestorstogainexposuretoprofessionallymanagedrealestatefromarangeofdifferentassetclassesasopposedtobuyingrealestatedirectly.REITsandlistedcompaniesarepubliccompaniesandarethereforerequiredtoadheretostricterdisclosureandgovernancethanprivatecompanies.REITsmustprovideinvestorswithregular,detailedreportsandgreaterscrutinyfromshareholders.Morefirmsarealsounderstandingthatinvestorspricedevelopmentcompaniesandinvestmentmanagersdifferentlygiventhedifferentnatureofincomestreamsandriskprofiles.Forexample,CapitaLandrecentlyannouncedplanstosplititsbusinessintorealestateinvestmentmanagementbusiness(CLIM),whichwillbelistedasanewentityanditspropertydevelopmentbusiness,whichwillbetakenprivate.Bydoingso,CLIMcansharpenitsfocusandtransitiontoanasset-lightandcapital-efficientbusinessanddeliverbetterresultstotheinvestors.76GreenbondsGreenbondissuanceinChinareachedapeakin2019ofUS$55.6billion,ofwhichUS$31.4billionwerealignedwithinternationalstandards.Thesefiguresfellin2020inresponsetothepandemicandissuersholdingoffnewissuancesuntiltherewasgreaterclarityonnewregulationsandguidanceonthemarket’sdirection.Q1/2021,however,sawthisfiguresurgetoUS$17billionasthemarketregainedmomentum.GreendebtFromjust4%ofoutstandingloansattheendof2018,thegreenloanmarkethasgreatlyoutstrippedthewidermarketgrowingtoRMB13.9trillionbyJune2021,accountingfor7.3%ofloans.Greenloanscanonlybeusedonenvironmentalorsocial-impactprojects.SustainabilityLinkedLoans(SLLs),sustainabilitylinkedbonds(SLBs)andtransitionbondsSLLsandSLBs,unlikegreenloansandbondswhichdesignateaspecificESG-worthyproject,requireborrowersandissuerstosetESG-relatedtargetsandthenpledgetopayapenaltyiftheyfallshort.Inthecaseofloans,theloanmarginsfalliftheborrowerexcelsintheirsustainabilityachievements.Asarelativelynewfinancingtool,theyaregaininggroundinoverseasmarketsasawiderrangeofimprovementscanqualify.Transitionbondshelpcompaniesinpollutingsectorsraisefundsforprojectsthatwillhelpcurbtheirenvironmentalimpact.NotonlyarefinancialinstitutionsmorelikelytohaveabiggerquotaforgreenandsustainabilitylinkedloansHorizons2021savills.com.cnHorizons2021savills.com.cnFigure5:VolumeofChineseGreenBondIssuanceSourceClimateBondInitiative;SavillsResearch2520151050US$bnInternationallyalignedNon-alignedMar-2016Jun-2016Sep-2016Dec-2016Mar-2017Jun-2017Sep-2017Dec-2017Mar-2018Jun-2018Sep-2018Dec-2018Mar-2019Jun-2019Sep-2019Dec-2019Mar-2020Jun-2020Sep-2020Dec-2020Mar-2021SourcePeople'sBankofChina;SavillsResearchFigure6:GreenLoansinChina%oftotalloans(RHS)Greenloans(LHS)US$tn8%7%6%5%4%3%2%1%0%1614121086420Dec-2018Mar-2019Jun-2019Sep-2019Dec-2019Mar-2020Jun-2020Sep-2020Dec-2020Mar-2021Jun-2021andbondsinthefuture,ensuringamorereliablesupplyoffinancing,buttheyarealsooftencomewithmuchlowerinterestratesthantraditionalloans,reducingthedebtservicingburdenfortheheavilyleveraged,capitalintensiverealestatesector.SourceSavillsResearchFigure4:ThreeMajorFunctionsandFivePillarsSecuringcapitalforgreentransformationprojectsImprovingclimateriskmanagementThreemajorfunctionsSubjectingcarbontomarketpricingDeepeninginternationalcooperationClarifyingandimprovinggreenstandardsIncreasingfinancialinstitutionsupervisionandtransparencyEncouraginggreenmarketinnovationIncentivizingfinancialinstitutionstomakegreendecisionsFivepillarsESGshareperformanceVerylittlemeaningfulactioncanbetakentoaddresspressingclimatechangeissueswithoutthesupportandbackingofthefinancialsectorandcorporatetenants.Corporationshavelongbeenseenasholdingprofitandshareholdervalueaboveallelsearebeginningtorealisethatinvestors’prioritiesareshifting,andcorporatevaluationsaretiedtomorethanjustprofitsbutalsotothesocialgoodthefirmisproducing.Thisisreflectedintheperformanceofvarioussharepriceindices,whichrecordsaconsistentoutperformanceofcompanieswithhighESGperformancerelativetotheirsectorpeers,especiallyinrecentyears.GreaterdisclosurerequirementsandthetrendofESGfirmsoutperformingtheirpeerswillencouragecompaniestotakealonglookattheirownsustainabilitymonitoringandcarbonfootprint.Formanyfirmsintheservicesindustry,abigcontributortoScope1and2carbonemissionscouldbetheirownofficeorretailspace,newleasesmaymoveLEED/BREAM/ThreeStarcertificationsfromthe“nicetohave”columntothe“musthave”column.Developersandlandlordswoulddowelltoheedtheshiftinemphasisastheycouldstarttoseethisplayingoutinoccupancyratesandeventuallyrentsinthenearfuture.ESGreportingMorejurisdictionsarerequiringlistedfirmstodisclosemoreEnvironmental,SocialandGovernance(ESG)metrics.TheHongKongExchange(HKEX)firstintroducedtheESGreportingguidein2012forthevoluntarydisclosureofESGinformation.Theguidewasrevisedin2016followingamarketconsultation,and,inDecember2019,theHKEXadoptedenhancementstotheexistingESGreportingregime.TheChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission(CSRC)publishedthenewdisclosurerulesforpubliclytradedbusinessesinJune2021,addinganewchapteronenvironmentalandsocialresponsibility,requiringcompaniestodisclosepollutantemissionsituations,environmentalimpactsandadministrativepenaltiesarisingfromenvironmentalissues.Atthesametime,thedomesticexchangesaresaidtobeindiscussionswithLSEonCarbonEmissionDisclosures.AccordingtoCarbonFootprint,MandatoryCarbonReportingisthelawin40countriesacrosstheworld,includingtheUK,manyEUmemberstates,NorthAmerica,Australia,Japanandsoon-to-beSouthAfrica.SourceWorldResourcesInstituteESGGearedforGrowthinAsiaAsiaPacificnowaccountsfor35%ofglobalGDP–exceedingtheshareoftheUSandEurope–andhasliftedmillionsoutofpoverty,butitisalsoresponsibleforabout80%oftheworld’scoalconsumptionandupto60%ofCO2emissions.Therateofeconomicdevelopmenthasnodoubtcomeatanexpensetotheenvironment.Whileitcouldhavebeenatrade-offinthepast,thiscannolongerbethecase.Theradicalimpactwroughtbythepandemicgloballyhassparkedamuch-neededsoulsearchingbygovernmentsandorganisations.Ithasalsoexposed,despitetremendouseconomicstrides,thevulnerabilitiesthattheregioncontinuestoface.Environmentaldegradationhasbeenlinkedasacausefortheoutbreak,whiletheinabilitytosuppressthehumantollfrominfectionsurgeshashighlightedsocialdivides.Parallelsdrawnbetweentheunforeseenrisksofapandemicandenvironmentalissues,suchasclimatechange,haveservedasawake-upcallandacceleratedarethinkonthesustainabilityagendaandputESGissuestotheforefront.TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)estimatesthatCOVID-19hasplunged75-80millionintheregionintopoverty—astarkreminderthatwithoutintervention,theregionrisksunwindingyearsofeconomicprogress.GlobalEpicentreofRealAssetsWhilethepandemichasdisruptedgrowthtrendsintheregion,theongoinghealthcrisiscanstillbeconsideredjustablipagainstthebackdropofitslong-termstructuralfundamentals—ifitplaysitscardsright.Theverydriversthathavepropelledtheregionasanengineofglobalgrowthcanbeharnessedandleveragedon,andbuildingonthemomentumfromthepandemicrecovery,spurtheadoptionofESGagendas.By2030,sevenoftheworld’s10largestmegacitieswillbeinAsiaPacific.Theregionwillbehometotwo-thirdsoftheworld’smiddleclass,anditsurbanpopulationwillexpandbyclosetothreebillion.Astheregionbecomesincreasinglyurbanised,itsgrowingcitieswillrequiresignificantinvestmentsinrealestateandinfrastructuretobuildoutitsurbancore.Intandemwiththistrend,APREAexpectsthestockofinvestablerealassetsintheregiontomorethandoublebytheendof2030toUS$40-45trillion.Partofthesewillbedrivenbytheregion’sinfrastructurestock,whichwillneedtoincreasebycloseto92%bytheendofthedecadetokeepupwithprojectedeconomicgrowth.TheADBestimatesthatanadditionalUS$2trillionwillneedtobeinvestedbytheendofthedecadetoaddressclimatechange.InstitutionalisingRealAssetsTheexpansionoftheregion’slistedrealassetbaserepresentsatremendousopportunitytoengineeragreenrecovery.Securitised,listedvehiclesarewellplacedtocaptureESGopportunities.Withanincreasingproportionofassetsheldbysuchstructures,itisclearthatsecuritisationhasabigroletoplayintheESGequationandfulfillingsustainabilityobjectives.Asidefromtheaccelerateddigitalisationofeconomies,thepandemichasalsocatalysedthesecuritisationtrendintheregion.Withtheabilitytorecyclecapital,REITs,inthewakeofthepandemic,areavitaleconomicrevivaltool.Governmentsareprioritisingsupport,fast-trackingplanstoestablishthenecessaryframework.Sofar,theprogresshasbeenrapid.Withfourdebutantsnotched,thePhilippineshasemergedastheregion’sREITIPOhotspotin2021.China’shighlyanticipatedREITpilotprogram,whichfinallycametofruitioninJunewiththelistingofthecountry’sfirstbatchofnineinfrastructureREITs,isamilestonefortheregion,whileIndia’sREITandInVITregimes,ridingonthecountry’simmensepotential,willlikelybeinanextendedcycleofgrowth.Severalboursesintheregionhaveoraremandatingsustainablereporting,introducingmoretransparencyandcompliancetosustainabilitypoliciesandpractices.TheSingaporeExchangeisseekingfeedbackonitsproposalforlistedcompaniestosupplyclimate-relatedinformationanddisclosureonboarddiversityaspartofitsregulatorycompliance.REITscanbeattheforefrontoftheindustry’stransformation.Withanonustocontinuallyundertakeyieldaccretiveinvestmentsthroughacquisitionsorassetenhancementstosustaindividendpayouts,REITsareincentivisedtocatalysethesechanges.RiseofSustainabilityInvestingSustainableinvestingisalsotakingoffinAsia-PacificasinstitutionalinvestorsacceleratetheiradoptionofESGcriteriainallocatingcapital.Manyinvestorsareviewingthecrisisasaclarioncallforadifferentapproachtoinvesting.AccordingtoAPREA’sESGMemberSurveyconductedearlierthisyear,93%ofrespondentsbelievethatproperESGimplementationhasaroletoplayintheirbusiness.Thestrengthofinter-regionalinstitutionalcapitalintheregionwillbeaforceforchange.Withinthe9region,itsgrowingranksofHNWIs,whoareincreasinglydemandingsociallyresponsibleportfolios,willalsobeacrucialdriver.Theracetonet-zeroannouncedbycountriesintheregionhighlightshowthepolicylandscapehasturned.MSCInotesthatoverthelastthreeyears,over80%ofsectorsineachregionalmarkethaveimprovedtheiroverallESGscores.China,currentlytheworld’slargestcarbonemitter,hascommittedtoturncarbonneutralby2060.ThecountryhasalreadyovertakenJapantobeAsia’slargestgreenbondissueranditsplaceastheworld’slargestislikelyjustamatteroftime.Meanwhile,SingaporeandHongKonghavealsorecentlyannouncedplanstostakeclaimsastheregion’sgreenfinancehubs,acrucialcogintheecosystemtoincentiviseESGprojects.InitiativesliketheseacrosstheAsiaPacificwilldrivesignificantcapitaltowardsalower-carboneconomy.Theambitioustargetsnodoubtpresentssignificantopportunitiesforinvestors.Words:SigridZialcita,CEO,APREA8Horizons2021savills.com.cnHorizons2021savills.com.cnAPREAforecastofstockofinvestablerealassetsintheAPregionTheexpansionoftheregion’slistedrealassetbaserepresentsatremendousopportunitytoengineeragreenrecovery.Securitized,listedvehiclesarewellplacedtocapturetheopportunitiesfromESGtags.Withanincreasingproportionofassetsheldbysuchstructures,itisclearthatsecuritizationhasabigroletoplayintheESGequationandfulfillingsustainabilityobjectives.20302020$40~45tnFuturecitiesFuturecitieswillcontributetoasustainable/circulareconomyandwillneedtobesmarterandsaferaswellasmoreresilientandadaptable.Inordertoachievethisgoal,especiallyinafragmentedmarketsuchasthebuiltenvironment,itisessentialtohaveatop-downholisticapproachwhichstartsatthedesignstageandengageswithallthekeystakeholdersthentricklesdowntothemicrolevel.Design&ConstructionGivenhowthebuiltenvironmentisonelargeststoresofwealthintheworld,touchesallpartsofsociety,theeconomyandbusinessaswellasbeingonethebiggestcontributorstoGHGemissions,itisessentialtobringawiderangeofstakeholderstogethertodevelopaframeworkforfuturedevelopment.Inordertoreachthegoalofnet-zero,threekeyprinciplesneedtobeapplied:oneistoreducecarbonintensityinenergygeneration,secondistohaveasmarter/adaptablegridandthirdisreducingenergyintensity(increasingenergyefficiency)inthebuiltenvironment.Ultra-efficientBuildingsThevastmajorityofenergyconsumptioninbuildingscomesfromheating,coolingandlighting.ItisessentialtoensureadequateinsulationwhileexploringopportunitiesStakeholdersfordistrictheatpumpsolutionsandmoreefficientairconditioningsystemsandmakingfulluseofnaturallight.Buildingsshouldalsobecomemoremeshedwiththeelectricitygridwhilealsoinstallingcharginginfrastructureinordertobeabletobetterutilisedistributedrenewableenergysourcesgeneratedbythelikesofrooftopsolarpanels.Finally,itisessentialtohavearobustbuildingmanagementsystemtomanagethemorecomplexdynamicenergysystems.1051TheGovernmentintheformofpolicymakers,regulators,localmayorsandadministratorstodevelopframeworks(especiallyontax)thatencouragecertainbehavioursandcoordinatesanddirectsinfrastructureinvestment.Stakeholdersinclude:2Investorsandfinancierswhoareincreasinglyaligninginvestmentdecisionsonmorethanjustabsoluteshort-termreturnsbutonsustainable,socialandethicalgroundsandlooktoaligninvestmentswithpossiblefutureregulations.4Buildingandinfrastructurestakeholderswhoareresponsibleforcoordinatingwithamultitudeofrealestatepractitionerstodeliverandmanageassetsthatservethecommunity.Citizenswhoaretheeventualconsumersandcandictatefuturedevelopmentdirectionbymakingthoughtfulchoicesaboutthewaytheylive,workandconsume.Integratedpolicies3Energyserviceproviderstodecarboniseenergyproductionanddevelopsmartandefficienttransmissionnetworksanddrivecityelectrification.11Horizons2021savills.com.cnHorizons2021savills.com.cnIntegratedenergysystemsincitiesSmartcitiesThepaceofinnovationcontinuestoaccelerateandasthedigitalfirstapproachtobusinessanddigitalnativisminsocietycontinuetogainpaceinthepost-Covidworld,sodoesourphysicalenvironment.Thebuiltenvironmentcaneitherbedraggedkickingandscreamingintothenewdigitalerawithapiecemealdisjointedapproachthatlackscoordinationandforesightandispronetomassivecostinefficienciesanduncountablevulnerabilities,oraframeworkcanbeinitiatedthathassecurity,interoperability,sustainability,privacy,andequityatitscore.ArecentreportbytheWorldEconomicForumandtheG20GlobalSmartCitiesAlliance“GoverningSmartCities”outlinesapolicyroadmapwhichpolicymakersandtechnologyproviderscanreferasabaselineforsoundtechnologygovernance.Theroadmapisorganisedaroundfivecoreprinciples:Resilience&adaptabilityNobodycanpredictwhatthefuturewilllooklikewithanydegreeofcertainty.Changesinsociety,industry,businessandcommercewillmeanthatcitieswillrequiredifferentresourcesandservicestobemadeavailable.Advancesintechnologywilltransformthenatureofmanyinteractionssuchasmobilitywhilealsogeneratingadditionaldataandinsightsintohowpeopleusespaceaswellasmakingnewapplicationspossible.Outsideforcessuchasextremeweathereventswillplacenewpressureoncities.Abalanceneedstobestruckbetweenefficiencyandresilience.Whenefficiencyisthegoal,everyparameteristweakedtoextractadditionalvalue,thoughwhenoutsideforcesdisrupttheequilibriumtheeffectcanbetothrowthesystemintodisarray.OnerecentexamplewasthefloodsinZhengzhou,therewerereportsthatpaymentsystemsweredownwithstorevendorsunabletoselltoshoppersthatdidn’thavecash(themajority),ridehailingappsweredown,hotelonlinebooking,fooddelivery,onlinenavigation,etc.ReflectivenessResourcefulnessRobustnessRedundancyFlexibilityInclusivenessPrinciplesofReilienceFigure7:China’srenewableenergymixSourceNationalBureauofStatistics;SavillsResearchRenewableNaturalGasCrudeOilCoal40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%788004921684089688120082069418861098901402Equity,inclusivityandsocialimpactPrivacyandtransparencySecurityandresilienceOpennessandinteroperabilityOperationalandfinancialsustainability‧ICTaccessibilityinpublicprocurement‧Buildingaccessibilitystandardsintoprocurementtoensuredigital-relatedservicesareaccessibletothosewithdisabilities‧Privacyimpactassessment‧Definingprocessestoassessprivacyimplicationsofnewurbantechnologydeployments‧Accountabilityincybersecurity‧Definingkeyaccountabilitymeasurestobetakeninordertoprotecttheassetsofcitiesandtheircitizens‧Opendata‧Developingamodelpolicyforopendatastrategyinacity‧DigOncefordigitalinfrastructure‧Settingoutplanningpoliciesthatimprovecoordinationamongcitystakeholdersandreducethecostandcomplexityofdigitalinfrastructureroll-outmnFigure8:China'surbanisationSourceUnitedNationsPopulationDivision;SavillsResearch140120100806040200-2019501955196019651970197519801985199019952000200520102015202020252030203530402045205090%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%NeturbangrowthUrbanisationratecanhelptohastenthedecarbonisationofacity’sconstituentparts.Itisofparamountimportancethatcitiesaredesignedwithdensityatitscoreemployingnewurbanistprinciplesofbetterlanduse,design,transportandhousing.Correctlyappliedtheycancreatecompact,connectedandcleancitieswhichrequirelesslandmaterialsandenergytocreateandrun.Densercitiesalsohavethebenefitofhigherreturnsoninvestmenttransportationnetworksandsocialinfrastructure.AtthesametimecompactcitiesareassociatedwithhigherlevelsofproductivityandcreategreatersocialSmartenergyinfrastructureManycitiesenergyinfrastructurewasdesigneddecadesagowithacentralisepowersysteminmindthatgeneratedsteadyoutput.Theshifttorenewableenergysystemsanddistributedenergygenerationrequiresareworkingofenergyinfrastructurethatcanaccommodateforvariationsanddisparitiesingeneration,storageandconsumptionovertimeandgeography.GenerationofmoredatathroughsmartmeteringandIoTdevicesisessentialtoenabledynamiccontrolandpotentiallypricingtosmoothdemandfluctuationswhilealsoidentifyingbottlenecksandhighlightingareasforfutureinvestment,especiallyasmoresystembecomeelectricandgridcapacitybecomesstretched.Thegridshouldalsoallowformorecharginglocationsastheenergygridbecomeessentialtoabroaderrangeofservices(suchasNEVs)whilereminingthelifebloodofthecity’sdaytodayoperation.Atthesametime,whileadistributednetworkshouldprovemoreresilient,networksshouldalsobehardenedagainstnaturalormanmadedisasters,withredundancyplanninginplace.CleanelectrificationanddecarbonisationAsmoresystemstransitiontoelectrification,itisessentialthepowergenerationbecomesgreener.Theelectrificationofsystemsalsohasthebenefitofunifyingsectorsandincreasingcompatibility,sayforexampleallowingbuildingsandvehiclestodrawandprovideenergytoeachotherasneeded.Atthesametimethewholesaletransitiontoelectricasasinglefuelsourcewillremoveduplicationofequipmentreducingconstructionandmaintenancecosts.CompactcitiesDevelopingthecorrectformforurbandevelopmentisessentialtodevelopingamoresustainablesociety,underpinningthebroaderbuiltenvironmentbutalsobusinessesandcommunities.Efficienturbanformsgoodthroughthemoreeffectiveinvestmentsinmobilityinfrastructureforlowerincomesocieties.The15-or20-minuteneighbourhoodconcept,suchasthoseledbyParisandMelbourne,encouragewalkabilitybyensuringdailyessentialresourcesandservices(jobs,food,health,educationandrecreation)areneverfaraway.Walkability,orindeedcyclingdistance,notonlyhelpswiththedecarbonisationoftransportationnetworksbutisalsopositiveforcitizens'healthwhilepromotingasenseofbelongingandengagementwithalocalcommunity.1213Horizons2021savills.com.cnHorizons2021savills.com.cnBIM&DigitalTwinsAdigitaltwinisadynamicreplicaofaphysicalspacethatbringstogetherdesign,construction,andreal-timeoperationaldata.Digitaltwinssimulate,predict,andinformdecisions.Digitaltwinsworkbyintegratingabuilding’ssystem,sensor,andutilitymeterdatawithintelligentmultidimensionaldigitalmodels.Atruedigitaltwinpossessestheoperationalandbehaviouralawarenessnecessarytosimulate,predict,andinformdecisionsbasedonreal-worldconditions.Digitaltwinsgivemulti-dimensionalviewsintohowanassetisdesignedandhowit’sperforming,includingoccupantbehaviour,usepatterns,spaceutilisation,andtrafficpatterns.Adigitaltwinoffersameanstotest"what-if"scenarios,includingtheimpactofdesignchanges,weatherdisruptions,andsecurityevents.Itcollectssubstantialdataunderoneenvironment.Theabilitytomodeltherealworldenableslow-costiterativedesignapproachtochallengingdesignproblemsbysimulatingthebehaviourofanyassetorgroupofassetsinordertoanalyseitandimproveitseffectiveness.Ifartificialintelligence-aideddesigntechniquesareadoptedtoasetofdesiredoutcomesandparametersandapointscoringsystemtoassesspossibledesigns,efficientandinnovativeapproachescanbeformulated.ConstructiontechnologyAnassessmentconductedbyMcKinseyGlobalInstitutein2015of22sectorsacrosstheU.S.economyassessingwhichwerethemostdigital,identifiedtheconstructionsectorasoneofthesectorswhichhadseentheleastdigitisationofitsbusinessoperations,justaboveagricultureandhunting.Thereremainsignificantopportunitiesforgreaterdigitisationandsubsequentlyefficiencygains.MaterialsTherealestatesectorisbelievedtocontributecloseto40%ofGHGemissionsglobally.MuchfocushaspreviouslybeenplacedonFoodforthoughttheoperationalcontributions,butincreasingattentionisnowbeingpaidtoembodiedcarboninthebuiltenvironmentsector.PlatformssuchasmindfulMaterialsprovideafreeplatformwithaggregatedinformationonhumanhealthandenvironmentalimpactsforproductsfromleadingmanufacturers.Meanwhileleadinginternationaldevelopersarebeginningtoclubtogethertousetheirbuyingpowertopushsupplierstodevelopermoresustainableproducts.Notonlylookingatmoresustainablyproducedmaterialsbutalsorecyclingexistingmaterials,theconceptofgreenconcrete,ortheuseofdifferentbuildingmaterialsaltogethersuchascross-laminatedtimber(CLT)structuresisstartingtogainacceptanceinsomesmallerscaleprojects.CirculareconomyThecirculareconomyisaconceptreusingorrecyclingexistingproductsaslongaspossibleandtherebyextendingtheirlifecycleandreducingwastetoaminimum.Thiscontrastswiththemoretraditionallineareconomybusinesswhichfocusesonproductionbutdoesnotconsiderdisposaloftheitemintheoriginalproductdesign.Thecirculareconomyprincipleisbeginningtobeappliedtothebuiltenvironmentgiventhesignificantcostsandembodiedcarbonofbuildings.Whilethelifespanofabuildingmaybe50-80years;significantlongerthanacar,mobilephoneoritemofclothing;thebuildingmayhavetoundergoseveralrefurbishmentsandprojectrepositioningoverthatperiodoftimeandtheeventualwastefromdecommissioningwillbesignificant.Incorporatingcirculareconomythinkingintobuildingdesignandconstructioncan:•Unlockvalueinunusedbuildingsandland•Maximiseresidualvaluethroughrecoveryofandreuseofmaterialsatrefurbishmentordemolitionstage•Improveassetlifethroughbuildingdesignandoperationphase•Enablerepair,reuseandremanufactureModernmethodsofconstruction(MMC)TheuseofMMCcanhelpreducetheimpactofconstruction,bothembodiedandoperational.Traditionalconstructionwastecanaccountforaround20%ofrawmaterialswhileoffsiteconstructioncouldbeaslittleas1%.Inthecontrolledenvironmentofafactory,productioncanbeoptimisedtominimisewaste.Additionally,modularconstructionmeansfewerdeliveriestosites,cuttingthecarbonemittedfrom15Horizons2021savills.com.cn14Horizons2021savills.com.cnRelativelyhighdigitalisationRelativelylowdigitalisationFigure9:MGIindustrydigitalizationindex,2015OveralldigitizationDigitalspendingDigitalassetstockTransactionsInteractionsBusinessprocessesDigitalspendingonworkersDigitalcapitaldeepeningDigitisationofworkICTMediaProfessionalservicesFinanceandinsuranceWholesaletradeAdvancedmanufacturingOilandgasUtilitiesChemicalsandpharmaceuticalsBasicgoodsmanufacturingMiningRealestateTransportationandwarehousingEducationRetailtradeEntertainmentandrecreationProfessionallocalservicesGovernmentHealthcareHospitalityConstructionAgricultureandhuntingSourceMcKinseyGlobalInstitute;SavillsResearchtransport.Thebuildingsthemselvesaremoreefficientwhencompletedoftenresultinginloweroperationalenergycosts.MMCcanalsobeassembledmuchfaster.MMCareslightlymoreexpensive(roughly10%)thantraditionalconstructionmethods,nevertheless,buildingtonet-zerocarbonstandardsusingMMCismuchmorecompetitive.Asmoreorderscomethroughthefactories,economiesofscalewillfurtherreducethecostofMMC.StrategicimperativesforlowcarbonTODThestrategicimperativesunderpinningdesignforsuccessfulTODaresummarizedbelow,highlightingaspectsofvaluecreation.172021年进博会报告savills.comEstablishmultimodaltransportconnectionsAccessandmobilityareessentialelementstotheefficientfunctioningofcities.TODcanestablishefficientconnectionandcomfortabletransferbetweenmultipletransportmodeswhichlinkregionaleconomies,reducetrafficcongestion,airpollution,andenablehealthylifestyles.Combinedwithdevelopmentthesecentersbecomeimportantnodesofourcities.Mixedlanduseforlive/workcommunitiesAbalancedprogramofresidential,commercial,employment,institutions,andcivicusescontributestoavibranturbanecosystemsupportinglive/workcommunities.Programmaticdiversitycanbeestablishedthroughmixedlandusewhichwillalsosupportsocialvaluesincommunities,housingaffordabilityandprovideforfuturedemographicchanges.CompactdevelopmentthroughincreaseddensityClusteringdensityneartransitstationsprovidesaccessibilitytogreaterdevelopmentareaandpopulation.TODmustbecompactanddense,promotewalkabilitythroughmaximizingconvenienceandproximitytoregionalmobility,whilstleveragingthehighvalueoflandsurroundingtransitstations.IncreasedEconomicVitalityandLandValueCaptureTransitstationsconnecttoemploymentcentresandcommercialhubs,becominggatewaysandimportantgrowthassetsforacity.Variousstudieshaveidentifiedanincreaseinresidentialandcommercialpropertypricesbetween5-30%throughproximitytotransport.TODcanalsomaximizecommunitybenefitsthroughaccesstoopenspace,socialamenities,andcultureactivities.ImprovedEnvironmentalQualityforHealthyCitiesMultimodaltransportandTODcanreducehouseholdgreenhousegasandcarbonemissionsbybetween43-78%(Haas2020)China’selectrificationofpublicandprivatetransporthasalreadydemonstratedasignificantreductioninNO2levelsandcarbonemissions,evidentinmajorcities,whichwillprogressivelytransformtolowenergyhealthycitiesinfuture.BenefitsthroughGoodDesignFutureTODandLowCarbonUrbanEnvironmentsSOMRapidurbanisationhasledtomanycitiesinChinaprogressivelyintroducingTransportOrientedDevelopment(TOD)guidelinesestablishedwithpolicyforcomprehensiveurbandevelopmentandtransportplanning.Whilstspecifictoeachcitythesepoliciesincorporatestrategicaspirationsandpromotestandardsfor:-integratingtransportsystemsandservices-establishingcomprehensiveplansandintegrateddevelopment-attractinginvestmentandfundingalternativesTransformingourcitieswithdesignforlowcarbonlivabilitywillbeachievedthroughcarefullyintegratingmultitransportmodeswithinconcentratedareasofdevelopment.ItishowevercriticaltoadoptstrategicprinciplesofgoodTODdesignwithinarangeofappropriatedevelopmentscalesthroughurbandesignandestablishcommerciallysustainablemixeduseurbanenvironments.TransformingCitiesthroughLow-carbonDesignandTODWords:PeterDuncan,RegionalPracticeLeader,SOMTransportOrientedDevelopmentValueCreationMultiSharedModesInterconnectedFunctionMixedUseProgramFlexibilitytoChangesinFutureUseDirectConnectionsCommercialprecinctsCompactwithIncreasedDensityEconomicVitalitythrough24HourDestinationWalkable/ComfortableLOWCarbonPrecinctsAccessiblePublicSpaceImprovedEnvironmentalQualityforLiveability=Integratinglowcarbonhighperformancestandardsthroughefficienttransportandintegrateddevelopmentwillunderpinfuturecomprehensivecityplanningandliveabilityofnewurbanenvironments.However,designstrategiesvarydependingonthedevelopmentintensityandtransportcatchmentofacityorprecinctscaledemonstratedbytheXiong’anNewCityscaleandHangzhou’sHanggangurbantransitneighbourhooddesignedbySOM.Xiong’anNewCityPlanXiong’anrepresentstheopportunitytobecomeaworldwideleaderinsmarterurbanism,regionalstrategy,andenvironmentalperformance.Keydesignstrategiesincludeintegratingintermodaltransportthroughoutconnecteddevelopmentprecincts.Infrastructureisintegralwiththenaturallandscape.HangzhouHanggangMetroTODPlanThenewHanggangStationwillincludemulti-modaltransit,andpedestrian-friendlypublicspacestopromotewalkabilitywithinalowcarbonprecinct.Urbanpublicspaceactivatescommercialdevelopmentwhilstguidingcirculationconnectingthevariousbelowgradetransitlines.16Horizons2021savills.com.cnFigure11:TheimpactofPropTechapplicationsSourceULI;SavillsResearch0%30%60%10%40%70%20%50%80%90%100%Decision-MakingFinancesOperations&ServicesPositive:HighimpactPositive:ModerateimpactLittle/noimpactToosoontotellContributingtoSustainabilityWideradoptionofPropTech,especiallyinexistingbuildings,willhelpthesectorachievenet-zeroemissions.Assetmanagers,inadditiontoadoptingsolutionssuchasinstallingsolarpanelsonrooftops,needtoalsoinstallsensorsandcontrolstoimproveenergyusageandefficiency,automatetemperature,makelightingadjustmentandotherfunctions.Moresubstantialenergygainscanberealisedwhenexistingdevelopmentsbecomeobsoleteandrequiremoreextensiverenovationorrepurposing.Manycountriesaretargetingforgreenerelectricityproduction,withChina’stargetsetat85%by2060.Someanalystshavearguedthatbuildingoperationswillthereforebecomenet-zeroaslongastheyelectrifyandbuygreenenergyfromthegrid.This,however,ignoresthefactthatrenewableenergymixgoalsareonlyachievableifbusinessandsocietyreducesenergyintensitysimultaneously.Landlordsmustworkwithtenantstoensureallstakeholdersworktogethertoachievetheircommongoal.Greenleasesareonewayinwhichthiscoordinationisplayingout.Greenleasesincorporateclauseswherebytheownerandtheoccupierundertakespecificresponsibilities/obligationswithregardstothesustainableoperation/occupationofaproperty.Theconcepttypicallyincludesstandardisingefficientbuildingoperationswhichcanbeachievedthroughactionssuchasincorporatingminimumsustainabilitystandardsforfit-outsandrequiringsubmeteringoftenantspaces.Thus,transparencyisakeyelementinwhichPropTechcanhelp.Theapplicationsofsensorsanddataplatformenablesreal-timedatasharingbetweentenantsandlandlords.Withreal-timefeedback,tenantscanunderstandhowtheirbehaviourchangeselectricityusageandadjustaccordingly.Otherlessfinanciallyorientatedmeasurescanalsobeinstituted.Forexample,benchmarkingtenantsinabuildingcomparedtothepeers,makingsuretenantsandemployeesaremoreawareoftheimpacttheiractionshaveontheircarbonfootprintaswellassettingupclosedloopfeedbacksystemsforcertainfunctions.PropTechalsocomesinhandyforpropertymanagementcompanies,especiallyinexistingbuildings.Withdetaileddatacollectedinrealtime,badmanagementpracticescanbediscovered,andasmalltweakcanreaphugerewardsinreducingenergyconsumptionandloweringmanagementcosts.FundraisingforPropTechThePropTechsectorhasrecordedsteadygrowthoverthelastdecadewhichitisexpectedtomaintainandaccelerategoingforwardswiththeglobalrealestatemarketsizeexpectedtogrowfromUS$487.6billionin2020toUS$737.1billionin2025,accordingtoPitchBook,aCAGRof8.6%.753investmentdealswereconcludedinthefirsteightmonthsof2021,withAsiaaccountingforjust102ofthem.Nevertheless,themediandealsizecontinuedtogrow,reachingUS$9.06millionvs.US$10.77millionintheUnitedStates.Globalcapitalraisingslowedin2020duetoeconomicdisruptioncausedbytheon-goingpandemicbutsawrenewedgrowthin2021.Thepandemicandchangesinbusinessoperationsandhumanbehaviourhaveforcedrealestatecompaniestorethinktheirdigitalstrategies.ArecentDeloittesurvey1showedthat82%ofrespondentsbelievedthepandemicexposedshortcomingsintheirorganisations’digitalcapabilities,andmanycompaniesplantoacceleratedigitaltransformation.CrunchbasedatacorroboratessimilartrendswhilealsoindicatingthattechcompaniesspecificallyfocusingonpropertymanagementwereabletoraiseUS$2billionforthefirstsevenmonths1.(Deloitte)2021commercialrealestateoutlookManagement&Operationsof2021.TheUrbanLandInstitute(ULI)hasalsorecentlyissuedaglobalreportwhichexplorestheextenttowhichPropTechhasbeenadoptedoverthelastthreeyearsandthebreadthofcurrentrangeofPropTechapplicationsandtheirimpactonbusinessfunctionsaswellastheplansforthefuture.ThesurveycoveredseveraldifferentPropTechsectors,fromspaceusedesigntoraisingcapital,butwhenspecificallylookingatpropertymanagementtechnologies,94%ofcompaniesindicatedanoverallpositiveimpactonoperationsandservices,82%thoughttherewasapositiveimpactonfinancesand80%thoughttherewasapositiveimpactondecisionmaking,someofthehighestoutofanyofthesectors.China’sadoptionofPropTechinthepropertymanagementsectorwouldseemtobemorepervasivethoughthismaybebebecausemuchofthetechnologyisclientfacing.Athome,thisislargelyduetotheincreasingpopularityofXiaomi,whichproducesawiderangeoflow-cost,aesthetically-pleasingsmartdevices,fromsecuritycamerastomotion-detectingnightlights.Inacommercialsetting,moreofficebuildingshaveadoptedfacialrecognitionaccesscontrolwheretenantsandvisitorsoftenhavetopre-registerthemselvesviaWeChatorSMSandareonlyallowedaccesstodesignatedfloors.Servicerobotsarealsoincreasinglycommoninshoppingmalls,hotels,restaurants,businessparks,airportsandtrainstations,eitheronsecuritypatrols,deliveringparcels,providingdirectionsordisinfectareas.ThehighvisibilityofPropTechindailylivesisalsoaresultofmajorChineseinternetcompanies’involvementinthesector,suchasAlibaba,TencentandByteDance.Thesefirmsprioritiseengagementratesand,astheyenterreal-estaterelatedbusinesses,theyapplysimilarmetrics,lookingtocaptureattention.18Horizons2021savills.com.cn19Horizons2021savills.com.cnPropTechPoweringperformanceprogressFigure10:GlobalPropTechVentureCapitalDealsSourcePitchbook;SavillsResearch#ofdeals20122013201420152016201720182019202020219008007006005004003002001000AsiaUnitedStatesEuropeChallengesThereisaconsensuswithintherealestatecommunitythatmuchneedstobedoneduringtheoperationofabuildingtoachievebroadersustainabilitygoals.Anoft-citedchallengeistheupfrontcostsandlongpaybackperiods.However,ascostsfallandefficacyandefficiencyratesincrease,thisisbecominglessofanissue,thoughconvincingownerscanbeadifferentissue.FragmentedservicesprovidersandcompatibilityBuildingoperationsisacomplicatedmatterinvolvingseveralcomplicatedsystemssuchasHVAC,lighting,water,gas,elevatorsandparking.Traditionally,eachofthemweresupplied,installed,andmanagedseparately.AsnewPropTechsolutionsemergetomanageindividualsystems,thecomplexitymultipliesasinteroperabilitybecomesarealissuegiventhedifferentnamingconventions,APIstandardsanddataformats.Publicorprivatesectorinitiativestodevelopdata-standardisationstandardsandframeworksarecriticaltoacceleratetheadoptionandscalingupofPropTech.InthecaseofPropTech,thewholeisnearlyalwaysgreaterthanthesumoftheparts.FragmentedownershipRolloutofsystemscanalsobealengthyprocess,notnecessarilyintheinstallationofthesystems,whichinsomecasescanbedonewithalighttouch,butintermsofeducatingfragmentedownershipaboutthebenefitsofthesystemsaswellasthecustomisationofplatformstouniquebuildingstructures,assetclasses,usetypes,regulationsandenvironments.EvenBlackstone,arguablythebiggestrealestateownerintheworldwithclosetoUS$300-400bnundermanagement,isadropintheoceancomparedtotheestimatedglobalrealestatemarketatUS$280trillion.EventheselargelandlordswillfinditdifficulttorolloutaunifiedPropTechstrategyacrosslargeportfolios.SkillsgapThePropTechindustryisstillintheproof-of-conceptstage,andthereremainsalargeskillsandknowledgegapbetweentheITandrealestateindustries.AglobalsurveydonebyKPMGin2019revealedthat65%ofpeopleleadingdigitaltransformationatrealestatecompaniesdonothaveabackgroundindigitaltechnologyoutsidetheindustry.ThisisechoedbyanEYreportwhere53%ofsurveyrespondentsadmittheydonothavetherequiredtechtalent.Itisvitalforrealestatecompaniestostartupskillingtheirworkforceandimplementingpoliciesthatfosteracultureofinnovation.20SourceSavillsResearchFigure12:PropertyManagementMarketPropTechMapOperationsplatformEnergymanagement&trackingSecurity&fireCommercialtenantmanagementUSChinaPropertymanagement21Horizons2021savills.com.cnHorizons2021savills.com.cnSuperAppssuperchargetheraceChina’stechsectorhasdevelopedinrelativeisolationfromtherestoftheworld,creatingseveraldomesticchampions,suchasTencentandAlibaba,thathaveflourishedinthelight-touchapproachtoregulationthathasexisteduntilrecentyears.Thesefirmshaveevolvedindistinctivewayscreatinguniquebusinessmodelsandecosystems.WeChatisomnipresent,withmorethanonebillionactiveusersinChinaand1.24billionworldwide.Userscomefromallwalksofsociety;indeed,DaxueConsulting’s2020analysisshowsthattheageofWeChatusersisarelativerepresentativeofChina’spopulation.ThisisnotsurprisingastoolssuchasAlipayandWeChatPayhavelargelyreplacedconventionalpaymentmethods.AtthesametimeHealthQRCodesdevelopedinresponsetothepandemicandhostedbyWeChatorAlipayarenowoftenrequiredforaccesstopublicvenues.However,whathasreallybeenagamechangerwastheintroductionofminiprogramsin2017,whichallowedthirdpartiestocreatelightweightprogramswhichsitwithinWeChat’secosystem.Theeasy-to-developminiprogramsdonotrequireuserstodownloadthembutofferasmoothuserexperience.FiguresfromDaxueConsultingindicatethat,asofJune2020,sixoutoftenWeChatusersuseminiprogramonaregularbasis.Additionally,theintegrationwithWeChatPayandWeCom(theenterpriseversionofWeChat)andotherback-endsystemshasencouragedmorecompaniestomorecloselylinktheirsystemswiththoseofWeChatanditsminiprograms.Havingestablishedstrongfootholdsintheretail,finance,mediaandcommunicationsectors,techfirmsareturningtheirattentiontooneofChinalargestindustriesandemployerswhichisprimefortechdisruption,namelythepropertysector,bringingwiththemtheirextensiveknowledgeaboutconsumerengagement,behaviourandpreferences.However,thepropertysectorhasitsownuniquechallenges,namelytheintuitionalresistancetochange,largenumberofstakeholdersandusersanditsfragmentedownershipandmanagement.AcompanywhichmonitorsandadjustsHVACsystemsandlightingusageinanofficebuildingisprovidingservicestothelandlord,propertymanager,corporatetenantandemployees,allatthesametime.ThePropTechfirmhastoensurecompatibility,communicationandaweighingofdifferentprioritiestoensuresuccessfuladoption.Techplatformshavetheadvantageofalreadybeingubiquitousandhavingdevelopedarobustunderstandingofuserengagements.Bycollectingdataofusers’preferenceandbehaviour,propertymanagementcompaniescanrecommendservicesandproductsattimesofpeakengagementwiththehelpofAI.Combiningthisadvantagewiththelocaltechcompanies’strengthinmovingfast,addingnewserviceverticals,andimprovingexistingservicesatbreakneckspeed,PropTechinChinahavebeenabletokeepitsusersinterestedsofar.Figure13:IoTinformationvaluestackforCommercialbuildingsSourceBIOT-BUILDINGInternetofThings;DeloitteCentreforFinancialServicesanalysisAccessandsecurityUbiquitousanalyticcapabilitiesApplicationinterfaceaccessibleonmobileThird-partyapplicationsOccupancyandmotionsensorsTemperaturesensorsLightsensorsHVACLightingParkingEnergyOccupancymonitorsFitnesstrackersFiresafetyElevatorWasteChemicalsensorsScalablecloud-basedanalyticalabilitiesEnterpriseapplicationsIntegratedplatformStandardised,secure,andintegratedIPnetworkDisparatebuildingsystemsAdvancedmulti-usecompatiblesensorsWaterRetrofittingWhiletheopportunitiestodevelopmoresustainablebuildingsareeasierandmorecost-effectivetorealiseinnewbuilds,thesheerscaleofexistingstockmeansthatinordertoachievesignificantGHGemissionsavings,renovationorretrofittingwillneedtotakeplace.Full-scalerenovationiscostlyandwilloftenonlyhappenonceabuildingisnolongerfitforpurpose.Landlordsandpropertymanagersareconstantlyfixingofreplacingcomponentsofabuildinganditisessentialthatthroughregularmaintenancethatreplacementsystemsarechosenfortheirenergyefficiencyandsustainability.TheWorldBankcarriedoutananalysisofChangningin2013whereitidentifiedpossiblecost-effective,low-carboninvestments.Thestudylookedat58abatementmeasureslookingtheircostofabatementpertonCO2eandtheirpotentialcontributionemissionsreductions,helpingtoidentifythelowhangingfruit.Ofthemeasuresidentified,ninemeasuresthathadanegativeabatementcost,whilestillhavingasignificantimpactonemissionsreductions,namelyairconditioningoptimisation,solarheatingsystem,oil-firedtogasboilers,energysavingbehaviour,self-cleaningballforcondenser,powerboilertogasboilers,elevatorenergyreturn,onlinetemperaturemonitoringandmembraneforlightboxes.StakeholderengagementsRealestateisbelievedtocontributeroughly39-40%ofglobalenergyrelatedcarbonemissions,withoperationalemissionsaccountingfor28%andembodiedemissionsatroughly11-12%.Whileitistherealestateindustry’smanufacturers,planners,designers,constructionfirmsanddevelopers’responsibilityforembodiedcarbon,itisthebroadercommunity’sresponsibilitywhenitcomestooperationalcarbonemissionsasweareallusersofthebuiltenvironmentinsomeformoranother.FoodforthoughtSourceWorldBank;SavillsResearchFigure14:AbatementassessmentforHongqiaoArea,2015EmissionsReduction(KtonCO2e)14121086420-4,000-2,00002,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,000DistributedenergygenerationSolarheatingsystem65%energyefficiencyimprovementstandardWindowretrofitAbatementCosts(RMB/tonCO2e)75%energyefficiencyimprovementstandardShadingretrofitOnlinetemperaturemonitoringElevatorenergyreturnOil-firedtogasboilersSelf-cleaningballforcondenserEnergysavingbehaviorPowerboilertogasboilersAirconditioningoptimizationOuterwallretrofitFigure15:BreakdownoffocusareasamongWELLprogramsMonitoringUnderpinningallefforts,however,isaccesstogoodqualitydatainordertobenchmarkagainstpeersandhistoricalperformancetoaccessESGfinancingandinvestmentandassessareasforpotentialimprovementandtheimpactofcertainchangesinoperationsortocreatefeedbackloopsintosubsystems.Thearrivalof5G,advancesintechnologyaswellasthematuringofartificialintelligence/machinelearninghasmadedeploymentsimpler,fasterandcheaper.Thechallengenowrestswitheducatinglandlords,datasecurityandstafftoknowwhattodowiththewealthofinformation.OccupierReportingCompaniesarealreadybeingrequiredtodothisinmanycountries,withtypicalemissionsbeingbrokendownintothreekeygroupscalledScope1,2and3.Scope1(Directemissions)referstodirectemissionsofgreenhousegasesthroughthingssuchasburningoffuelsanduseofpetrolcars.Scope2(indirectemissions–owned)refersprimarilytoelectricalconsumptionaswellassteam,heatingandcooling.Scope3(indirectemissions–notowned)ismuchmorechallengingandthelargestcontributiontoemissions.Itrequiresentitiestounderstandupstreamanddownstreamemissionsrelatedbutnotownedbytheirbusiness.Training/educationWhileownerscaninvestininfrastructureandsystemscanbesetuptomonitorandautomatemanyaspectsofabuildingwhichcanalsoberefinedovertime,itisoftenthehumanelementthatcanthrowaspannerintheworks,especiallywhensystemsarenotaccuratelycalibratedorhumanoperatorsdon’tproperlyunderstandthesystems.Anoft-statedexampleistheideasomebodyleavingawindowopennexttoanairconditioningsystemonfullblast.Inordertoensureengagementandparticipationoncommonsustainabilitygoals,itisessentialthatalloccupantsareinvolvedintheprocess.22SourceInternationalWELLBuildingInstitute0%30%60%10%40%70%20%50%80%90%100%WELLHealth-SaftyRatingWELLCommunityStandardPilotWELLBuildingStandardv2PerformanceAssessment(%)Operation&ManagementSrategy(%)Design&Construction(%)23Horizons2021savills.com.cnHorizons2021savills.com.cnWords:MeiXu,VicePresident,IWBIAsiaOperationsandManagementofWELLCertifiedSpacesOperatingaWELLCertifiedSpaceTheoperationofaWELLspacerequiresobjectivemeasurementofbuildingperformancethroughperformancetestingandcontinuousmonitoring.Italsoentailsuserexperience-basedassessmentsuchasoccupantsurvey.Operationstrategiesandmanagementpoliciesthatsupporthumanhealthandwell-beingareessential.Findingsfromsuchmeasurementandassessmentarethenusedtoguideanyupdateandadjustmentofoperationandmanagementstrategiestosustainahealthierandhighperformingspace.PerformanceAssessmentTheWELLBuildingStandardevaluatestheactualperformanceofabuildingForewordOverthepastdecade,peoplehavecometorecognisethathealthybuildingsarenecessaryforimprovingqualityoflife,implementingpoliciesandpromotingindustrydevelopment1.Comparedwithtraditionalbuildings,healthybuildingsaremorefocusedondirectimpactsonthehealthandwell-beingofthepeopleinsidethebuildings.TheWELLBuildingStandard™(WELL™),backedbythelatestscientificfindingsandthebestspacefrombothobjectiveandsubjectiveperspectives,respectively,performancetestingandoccupantsurveys.PerformanceTestingandContinuousMonitoringPerformancetestingandongoingmonitoring,averyimportantpartsoftheWELLCertificationprocess,offerabestapproachtoobjectivelyassessingtheenvironmentalperformanceofaapace.TheWELLBuildingStandardnotonlyrequirescomprehensivetestingofair,water,light,soundandthermalcomfortbyathird-partyprofessionalPerformanceTestingAgentuponprojectcompletionoroccupation,butalsorequirescontinuousmonitoringofindoorindustrypractices,doesexactlythisbyadvancingthehealthandwell-beingofpeoplearoundtheworld.ChinahasseenarobustuptakeinmarketdemandforWELLbuildingsinthewakeaglobalpandemicsince2020.Healthriskfactorsinbuildingscanbeeffectivelymitigatedthroughoperationsandmanagement2.TheInternationalWELLBuildingInstitute™(IWBI™)iscommittedenvironmentaldatathroughouttheoperationalphase,aswellasarecertificationeverythreeyears.OccupantsurveyWhenitcomestoperformanceassessment,regularcollectionoffeedbacksfrombuildingoccupants—inadditiontomoreobjectivedata-basedmeasurements—isconsideredaneffectivetoolforunderstandingandassessingoccupantsatisfactionwiththebuildingperformances,design,policies,operationsandmaintenance.Occupantsurveysmakeitpossibletotrackindividualexperienceandsatisfactionwiththegivenspaceandprovidevaluableinformationforidentifyingandprioritisinghealthinterventions,addressingtocreatingbuildingsthathelppeoplethrivethroughaholisticapproach.Whileaddressingthehealthaspectsofdesignandconstructionstrategies,theWELLecosystemincludingtheWELLBuildingStandard,WELLCommunityStandardandWELLHealth-SafetyRatingalsopaysagreatdealofattentiontoperformancetestingandoperationsandmanagementthatcanpromotehealthoutcomes.242021进博会savills.com.cn-242021年进博会报告savills.comFigure16:PerformanceTestingResultsofWELLprojectsinChina(dataisasofJuly2021)SourceInternationalWELLBuildingInstituteAirTheaverageconcentrationofexposedairpollutantsduringon-siteperformancetestingofWELLCertifiedprojectsinChinaisfarlowerthanWELLthresholds.LightTheaverageEquivalentMelanopicLux(EML)oftheverticalsurfaceatworkstationsinWELLCertifiedprojectsinChinais307EML,exceedingthemoststringentthresholdrecommendedbyWELLEquivalentMelanopicLux0100200300400WaterTheaveragewaterturbidityofWELLCertifiedprojectsinChinais0.2NTU,farbelowtheWELLthresholdof1.0NTU.Thecoliformsarenotdetected,inlinewithrequirementsbyWELL.TurbidityNTUColiforms10.80.60.40.20PM2.5μg/m3PM10μg/m3FormaldehydeppbBenzeneμg/m3Tolueneμg/m3CarbonmonoxideppmOzoneppbRadonpCi/L020601001404080120160SoundTheaveragebackgroundnoiselevelsofopenofficesandclosedofficesinWELLCertifiedprojectsinChinaarelowerthanthemoststringentthresholdsrecommendedbyWELLv2pilot.Theaveragebackgroundnoiselevelofmeetingroomsisalsolowerthanthesecondmoststringentthreshold.OpenofficeClosedofficeMeetingroom34dba38dba44dba36dba40dba42dba46dbaFigure17:KeyTopicsinWELLFeatureC04onOccupantSurveyGeneralbuildingandoccupancyinformationincludingjobtypeortimespentinthebuildingEmployeesupport(e.g.paidleave,parentalleave,flexibleworking)Indoorenvironmentalqualityofair,water,light,soundandthermalcomfortProductivityandengagementthroughmeasuresofhoursworked,motivationMaintenance,cleanlinessandepidemicpreventionStandardsociodemographicinformation(ageandgenderatminimum)Healthybehaviourandamenitiestosupportchangesinbehaviour(e.g.physicalactivityandhealthyeating)Ergonomics,layoutandaestheticsSelf-ratedhealthandwell-beingAmenities:accesstonature,views,nourishmentoptions,sports,maternityrooms,andrestorativespaceWorkplacewellnessinitiativesorofferings(e.g.physicalactivityprograms,healthbenefits)SourceInternationalWELLBuildingInstituteSourceInternationalWELLBuildingInstituteFigure18:MostPopularManagementStrategiesamongWELLprojectsinChina0%20%40%60%80%100%Smoke-freeenvironmentHealthandwellbeingawarenessOccupantsurveyHealthyfoodadvertisingSanitaryproductsandregulationsPhysicalactivityopportunitiesLegionellacontrolRegularwaterqualitytestingWaterfacilitymaintenanceVehicleidlingcontrolMicrobeandmoldcontrolFruitsandvegetablesNutritionaltransparencyRefinedingredientrestrictionsAirqualitymonitoringImprovecleaningpracticesSelectpreferredcleaningproductsBolsteremergencyresiliencePlanforhealthyre-entryPromotehealthandwell-beingManagemoldandmoistureReducesurfacecontactDevelopemergencypreparednessplanPromoteasmoke-freeenvironmentCreatebusinesscontinuityplanWELLBuildingStandardWELLHealth-SafetyRatingWELLthresholdWELLcertifiedprojectinChina2425Horizons2021savills.com.cnHorizons2021savills.com.cnOperationsandManagementStrategiesTheoperationofahealthyspacedependsonstrategiesthatfullysupportpeople’shealthandwell-being.Thestrategiestooperateandmanageahealthyspaceincludingcorporatewell-beingpoliciesandfacilityoperationsprotocolsprovideongoingprotectionforthehealthofthosewhousethespace.AnincreasingnumberofChinesecompaniesaredevelopingworkplacewellnessprogramsfortheiremployees.Acombinationofdiversehealthincentivesandhealthawarenessprogramseffectivelyenhanceemployees’healthandwell-being,withhigherlevelsofsatisfaction,happiness,andself-esteem3,4.Studiesshowthatforevery$1investedinworkplacewellnessprograms,medicalandabsenteeismcostshavebeenreducedbyapproximately$3.27and$2.73,respectively5.Successfulworkplacewellnessprogramshavethepotentialtonotonlyreducemedicalcostsandabsenteeism,butalsohelptoimproveproductivity,fostercompanycultureandattractandretaintalent.Theoperationsandmaintenanceoffacilitiesandequipmenthaveapositiveimpactonthehealthandsafetyofthepeopleinabuiltenvironment.WELLencouragesprojectownerstomakeoperationaladjustmentsbasedonassessmentresultsandfindingsofoccupantsurveystoimprovefacilityperformance.Forexample,theclauseconcerningdrinkingwaterqualitymanagementrequireswaterqualityteststobeconductedonaquarterlybasistohelpdeterminethemaintenanceneedsofpipelinesorwatertreatmentfacilities.ThefigureontherightshowsthemostpopularWELLmanagementstrategiesamongprojectsinChina.dissatisfactionfactorsandadjustingoperationsandmanagementplans.Thiswilltranslateintoahealthierandmoreproductivebuildingspace.ConclusionWhilegooddesignandconstructioncanprovidethestructuralfoundationforhealthstrategiesinoperations,itisthecontinuousoptimisationofoperationassessmentandmanagementthatdoesthetrick.Aspacethatputshealthandwell-beingattheheartofdesignandoperationsusuallyperformsbetteratenergysavingandemissionreduction.Sustainabledesignandoperationstrategies,suchasdaylightingandventilation,servethedualpurposeofplanetaryhealthandhumanhealth.UrbandevelopmentinChinahasgraduallyshifteditsfocusfromincrementalrealestatedevelopmenttoexistingstockredevelopment.InsteadofviewingWELLCertificationasadestination,moreprojectownersnowseetheirWELLachievementasanimportantmilestonetokickoffoperationandmanagementstrategiesthatelevatepeople’shealthandwell-being.IWBIwillsoonlaunchtheWELLPerformanceRatingtoenhancetheexperienceofthepeopleinsidebuildingsbyusingmeasurableandvalidatedbuildingperformancemetrics.Sustainablemanagement,whichplaceshumanhealthandplanetaryhealthatthecentreofoperationsandmanagement,willgoalongwayinsupportingpeople’shealthandwell-beingandhelporganisationstofulfiltheirenvironmentalcommitmentsthroughoutthebuildinglifecycle.References:[1]WangQ,MengC,LiG,XieL,LiuM.Developmentconcept,statusandtrendofhealthybuildinginChina.BuildingScience.2018;34(9).doi:10.13614/j.cnki.11-1962/tu.2018.09.002[2]YangJ,ZhangQ,ChengH,LiangR.ComparativeAnalysisofWellConstructionStandardsandHealthBuildingEvaluationStandardsinChina.BuildingScience.2018;34(8).doi:10.13614/j.cnki.11-1962/tu.2018.08.18[3]CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.WorkplaceHealthModelWorkplaceHealthPromotion.https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/model/index.html.AccessedFebruary4,2018.[4]WorldHealthOrganization.Workplacehealthpromotion.http://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/workplace/en/.Published2010.AccessedFebruary4,2018.[5]BaickerK,CutlerD,SongZ.Workplacewellnessprogramscangeneratesavings.HealthAff.2010;29(2):304-311.doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0626.26Horizons2021savills.com.cnCaseStudy:WELLProjectOperationHealthypeople,buildingsandenvironmentsareintegraltoahealthyeconomy.BroadadoptionoftheWELLBuildingStandardbyprojectscangreatlycontributetoahealthyeconomy.MorecompaniesinChinaareimplementinghealthybuildinginitiatives,seekingtoexercisepioneeringleadershipbyadoptingtheWELLBuildingStandardfocusingonperformanceverificationandevidence-basedoperationstrategies.“Covestrohasbeenpracticingcorporatesocialresponsibility,andweattachgreatimportancetothehealthandwell-beingofouremployees.Weareeagertocontributetosustainabledevelopmentandacirculareconomywithourmaterialexpertise.WELLCertificationattheGoldlevelhashelpedtocreateaworld-class,open,inclusiveandflexibleworkenvironmentforouremployeesand,indoingso,improvetheirhealth,well-beingandsatisfaction.Ourstaffsurveyshowsconsistenthighscoresonsatisfaction—97%,99%and100%forthreeyearsfrom2019-2021.”XiangQing,HeadofCorporateCommunicationsAPAC&LeadofDiversityandInclusionAPAC,CovestroCovestroShanghaiofficeEmployeesaretherevvingengineofacompany,andtheirhealthandhappinessarekeytosuccess.Thus,itisPorsche’scorporatestrategytobecomethemostattractiveemployer.In2019,weunveiledournewChinaheadquartersinShanghai,whichisthefirstPorschepropertyworldwidehonouredwiththeWELLCertificationatGoldlevel.WiththeguidancefromIWBI,wehavedesignedaworkenvironmentthatenhancescollaborationandengagement.ThesmilesofourworkforceatthePorscheChinaSPACE4.0reassureusthatwehavechosentherightstrategyforourfuturedevelopment.JaniceTsang,HeadofInnovation,PorscheChinaPorscheChinaSPACE4.0“OurshowroominShanghaireceivedtheSilver-levelWELLCertificationin2017.ThereasonwechoseWELLBuildingStandardisthatwewereimpressedbyitspeople-orientedphilosophyandpracticalapproach,somethingwehaveincommon.Thepeople-orientedapproachhasalwaysbeenoneofthethreepillarsofShawContract’scompetitiveness.Thefollowingthreeyears’operationinlinewithWELLstandardhadaprofoundimpactontheworkandlifeofouremployees,andourChinabusinessledthesatisfactionrankingsin2020,accordingtoasurveycarriedoutbytheInternationalDivision.Inspiredbythis,weregisteredourShanghaishowroomforanotherverificationin2021,whichwastheworld’sfirstcaseofWELLrecertificationandreceivedanupgradetothePlatinumLevel(WELLv2Pilot).WithinthefouryearsofrunningtheWELLCertifiedshowroom,ourChinateamhaveexperiencedandrecognisedthesignificanceofahealthyenvironment.WehavealsocontinuedpracticingWELL’speople-centredsustainabilityconceptinworkandlife,whichhasenhancedtheexperienceandperceptionofhappinessforeachindividual,ourteamandfamilies.NancyCai,RegionalVicePresident,GreaterChina&MongoliaSHAWShanghaiShowroom27SiuWingChuChiefExecutiveOfficer,China+862163916688siuwing.chu@savills.com.cnAnthonyMcQuadeManagingDirector,NorthernChina+861059252288anthony.mcquade@savills.com.cnWoodyLamManagingDirector,SouthernChina+8675584367000woody.lam@savills.com.cnEricWoManagingDirector,WesternChina+862867373737eric.wo@savills.com.cnAlvinLauManagingDirector,Guangzhou+862036654800alvin.lau@savills.com.cnRayWuManagingDirector,Shenzhen+8675584367008ray.wu@savills.com.cnThomasNgManagingDirector,Wuhan+862759305566thomas.ng@savills.com.cnJeremySunGeneralManager,Nanjing+862557720903jeremy.sun@savills.com.cnAnsonChanGeneralManager,Hangzhou+8657181020222anson.chan@savills.com.cnDaveLawGeneralManager,Xi'an+862981872288dave.law@savills.com.cnAndyLauGeneralManager,Chongqing+862389003000andy.lau@savills.com.cnRebeccaHuGeneralManager,Changsha+8673189870177rebecca.hu@savills.com.cnLucyLuiGeneralManager,FujianArea+865928064608lucy.lui@savills.com.cnStevenLiuGeneralManager,Zhuhai+867568622600stevenXN.liu@Savills.com.cnCindyWuGeneralManager,Haikou+8689836384200cindy.wu@savills.com.cnAndyCheeDeputyGeneralManager,Tianjin+862258308877andy.chee@savills.com.cnJohnnyJiangDeputyGeneralManager,Shenyang+862483895066johnny.jiang@savills.com.cnJamesMacdonaldHeadofChinaResearch+862163916688james.macdonald@savills.com.cnChesterZhangDirector,ChinaResearch+862163916688chester.zhang@savills.com.cnigridZialcitaCEO,APREA+6569557850sigrid.zialcita@aprea.asiaAllanZhangCountryPrincipal–China,APREA+8613122865700allan.zhang@aprea.asiaPeterDuncanRegionalPracticeLeader,SOM+862161938915peter.duncan@som.comRobertWuVicePresident,IWBIAsia+861050933667zhengrui.wu@wellcertified.com视野