WorldEnergyReview2023WorldEnergyReview2023In2022theenergymarket,whichwasgraduallyrecoveringfromCovidpandemic,experiencedanewdiscontinuityduetotheRussianinvasionofUkraine.Thewarhadmajorramificationsontheglobaleconomy,thedrasticchangeinthemonetarypoliciesofCentralBanks,theneedtoreconsiderenergyflowswiththeexclusionofRussia’soilandgasvolumes.IntheWorldEnergyReview(WER),nowatits22ndedition,theevolutionofthemainenergyvariablesisdepicted:oil,gas,newrenewablesandcriticalminerals.Specifically,in2022,thefollowinghighlightsemerge:•WorldEnergyMix-Worldprimaryenergyconsumptiongrowsataratecloseto1%vs.2021,confirmingthealmostun-brokentrendofrecentdecades.Intermsofcomposition,fossilfuelscontinuetocoverabout80%ofenergydemand,anamountthathasbeenessentiallystablefor30years.Theshareofrenewables(solarandwind)intheenergymixgrows,buttheirweightstillremainslimited,atjust3%.•Oil-Pricesup43%y/y(Brentat101.2$/b),amidcontinuingdemandgrowth(+2.2Mb/d)to100Mb/d,almostfullyrecoveringfromthepandemic-relatedloss(-0.7%vs2019)withanequalcontributionbetweenOECD(+1.1Mb/d)andnon-OECD(+1.1Mb/d).Worldoilproductionincreasesby4.3Mb/d,withgrowthconcentratedinGulfOPECcountriesduetotheunwindingof2020cuts.Intermsofcrudequality,ahaltinthebarrellighteningprocessisconfirmed,withaslightdecreaseintheshareofLightcrudesinfavorofMediumandHeavycrudes.Netrefiningcapacityreturnstogrowin2022withtheentryofnewprojectsintheMiddleEastandChinaamountingtojustunder2Mb/d.•Gas-Pricesreachsignificantlyhighlevelsdirectlyaffectingdownstreamcommodities,foremostamongthemelectricity,withmajorimpactsonconsumers,governments,productionsystems,andtheentireglobaleconomy.Thermalyear2021/22beginswithsignificantlyreducedinventoriesandgasprices7timeshigherthanonOctober1,2020.EuropecompensatestheshortfallinpipelineimportsfromRussiamainlybyattractingadditionalLNGvolumes,payshigherprices,andlosesitstraditionalroleasaglobalbalancerbybecomingthepremiummarketcapableofgeneratingpressureonallmajorgaspriceindices.Globalgasdemandoverallin2022fallsbymorethan1%,afterapost-pandemicreboundin2021(˜+5%),withdivergentdynamicsonaglobalscale:sharpbrakinginEurope,Russia,andAsia,onlypartiallyoffsetbygrowthintheUSandMiddleEast.•Renewables-Althoughinstallationshavebeengrowingexponentiallyinrecentyears,theshareofsolarandwindintheelectricitygenerationmixhasrisentojustabove10%,comparedwithmorethan60%generatedbyfossilfuels(including36%ofthetotalgeneratedbycoal).•Criticalminerals(cobalt,copper,lithium,nickel,rareearthsandsilicon)-Theyplayakeyroleinsomekeytransi-tion-relatedtechnologies:batteries(cobalt,lithiumandnickel),wind(rareearths)andsolar(silicon).Mostofthemshowsignificantgrowthintermsofproduction,alsoreflectingincreaseddemand.Nickelandlithiummarkthelargestincrease(over20%).Finally,itisworthmentioninghowthenewenergysetuphasalsoaffectedCO2emissionsfromfuelcombustion,whichspikedagain(+1%,afterthepostcovidrecoveryrecordedin2021),resultingfromtheincreaseincoalconsumption.ClaudioDescalziChiefExecutiveOfficerandGeneralManager4EniWorldEnergyReview2023IntroductionOil-SupplyandDemandOil-ProductionQuality8LISTOFCOUNTRIES16RESERVES74WORLD16AreasandAggregates74CrudeProductionbyQuality9NOTESANDMETHODS18TheWorldTop10ReservesHolders74CrudeProductionbyGravity19Countries74CrudeProductionbySulphurContent12WORLDENERGYMIX75QualityandProductionVolume12WorldEnergyMix202223PRODUCTION12WorldPowerCapacityMix202223AreasandAggregatesofMainCrudes13WorldPowerGenerationMix202225TheWorldTop10Producers76CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart26Countries29TheWorldTop10NaturalGas77EUROPE77CrudeProductionbyQualityLiquidsProducers77QualityandProductionVolume30RESERVES/PRODUCTIONRATIOofMainCrudes30AreasandAggregates78CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart31TheWorldTop10ProducersRanked79CountriesbyReserves/ProductionRatio80RUSSIAANDCENTRALASIA32Countries80CrudeProductionbyQuality81QualityandProductionVolume35CONSUMPTION35AreasandAggregatesofMainCrudes37TheWorldTop10Consumers82CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart38Countries83Countries43PERCAPITACONSUMPTION84MIDDLEEAST43AreasandAggregates84CrudeProductionbyQuality44TheWorldTop10ConsumersRanked85QualityandProductionVolumebyPerCapitaConsumptionRatioofMainCrudes45Countries86CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart87Countries50PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION89AFRICARATIO89CrudeProductionbyQuality90QualityandProductionVolume50AreasandAggregatesofMainCrudes51TheWorldTop10ProducersRanked91CrudeProductionbyQuality-ChartbyProduction/ConsumptionRatio92Countries52CountriesOil-TradeandPrices95ASIA-PACIFIC95CrudeProductionbyQuality58REGIONALCRUDEBALANCES96QualityandProductionVolume58CrudeSurplusDeficitbyAreaofMainCrudes59EXPORTS97CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart59TheWorldTop10Exporters98Countries60Countries100AMERICAS64IMPORTS100CrudeProductionbyQuality64TheWorldTop10Importers101QualityandProductionVolume65CountriesofMainCrudes102CrudeProductionbyQuality-Chart103Countries70CRUDEFUTUREPRICESANDOPENOil-RefiningIndustryINTERESTS108REFININGCAPACITY108AreasandAggregatesCONTENTS5NaturalGas-RenewablesCriticalMineralsSupplyandDemand180SOLARRESOURCESMap(Global216COBALT114RESERVESHorizontalIrradiance)114AreasandAggregates216RESERVES116TheWorldTop10ReservesHolders181SOLARPHOTOVOLTAICPOWER216Countries117CountriesCAPACITY216TheWorldTop10217WorldCobaltReserves121PRODUCTION181AreasandAggregates121AreasandAggregates183TheWorldTop10218PRODUCTION123TheWorldTop10Producers184Countries218Countries124Countries218TheWorldTop10189SOLARPHOTOVOLTAICPOWER219WorldCobaltProduction128RESERVES/PRODUCTIONRATIOGENERATION128AreasandAggregates220COPPER129TheWorldTop10ProducersRanked189AreasandAggregates191TheWorldTop10220RESERVESbyReserves/ProductionRatio192Countries220Countries130Countries220TheWorldTop10197WINDRESOURCESMAP(Average221WorldCopperReserves134CONSUMPTIONWindSpeedat80mheight)134AreasandAggregates222PRODUCTION136TheWorldTop10Consumers198WINDPOWERCAPACITY222Countries137Countries198AreasandAggregates222TheWorldTop10200TheWorldTop10223WorldCopperProduction142PERCAPITACONSUMPTION201Countries142AreasandAggregates224LITHIUM143TheWorldTop10ConsumersRanked205WINDPOWERGENERATION205AreasandAggregates224RESERVESbyPerCapitaConsumptionRatio207TheWorldTop10224Countries144Countries208Countries224TheWorldTop9225WorldLithiumReserves149PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION212BIOFUELSPRODUCTIONRATIO226PRODUCTION226Countries149AreasandAggregates226TheWorldTop8150TheWorldTop10ProducersRanked227WorldLithiumProductionbyProduction/ConsumptionRatio228NICKEL151Countries228RESERVESNaturalGas-228CountriesTradeandPrices228TheWorldTop9229WorldNickelReserves158EXPORTS158TheWorldTop10Exporters230PRODUCTION159Countries230Countries230TheWorldTop9162IMPORTS231WorldNickelProduction162TheWorldTop10Importers163Countries232RAREEARTHS166ImportsbyCountryofOrigin-232RESERVESPipelineandLNG2022232Countries168ImportsbyCountryofOrigin-232TheWorldTop10233WorldRareEarthsReservesPipeline2022170ImportsbyCountryofOrigin-234PRODUCTION234CountriesLNG2022234TheWorldTop9235WorldRareEarthsProduction172TRADEDGAS236SILICON173LNG-LIQUEFACTIONANDREGASIFICATIONCAPACITY236PRODUCTION236Countries173LiquefactionCapacity-Countries236TheWorldTop10174RegasificationCapacity-Countries237WorldSiliconProduction175NATURALGASBALANCE-ITALY176NATURALGASPRICESIntroductionLISTOFCOUNTRIESNOTESANDMETHODSWORLDENERGYMIXLISTOFCOUNTRIESNOTESANDMETHODSLISTOFCOUNTRIESPRICESCrudeFuturePriceandOpenInterestsNNaOturaTlEGaSsPAricNesDMETHODSPowerPricesWORLDENERGYMIX8EniWorldEnergyReview2023ListofCountriesEuropeMiddleEastAsia-PacificNorthAmericaRussiaandCentralAsiaAfricaCentralSouthAmericaListofCountries:Europe:Albania,Austria,Belarus,Belgium,BosniaHerzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Gibraltar,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Kosovo,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Moldova,Montenegro,Netherlands,NorthMacedonia,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Türkiye,UkraineandUnitedKingdom.RussiaandCentralAsia:Russia,Armenia,Azerbaijan,Georgia,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,TurkmenistanandUzbekistan.MiddleEast:Bahrain,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia,Syria,UnitedArabEmiratesandYemen.Africa:Algeria,Angola,Benin,Cameroon,Chad,Congo,Côted’Ivoire,Dem.Rep.Congo,Egypt,EquatorialGuinea,Ethiopia,Gabon,Ghana,Kenya,Libya,Madagascar,Mauritania,Morocco,Mozambique,Namibia,Niger,Nigeria,Rwanda,Senegal,SierraLeone,Somalia,SouthAfrica,SouthSudan,Sudan,Tanzania,Tunisia,Uganda,ZambiaandZimbabwe.Asia-Pacific:Afghanistan,Australia,Bangladesh,Bhutan,Brunei,China,EastTimor,HongKong,India,Indonesia,Japan,Malaysia,Mongolia,Myanmar,Nepal,NewZealand,NorthKorea,Pakistan,PapuaNewGuinea,Philippines,Singapore,SouthKorea,SriLanka,Taiwan,ThailandandVietnam.Americas:NorthAmericaandCentralSouthAmerica.NorthAmerica:CanadaandtheUnitedStates.CentralSouthAmerica:Argentina,Barbados,Belize,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,CostaRica,Cuba,Curacao,DominicanRepublic,Ecuador,ElSalvador,Guatemala,Guyana,Haiti,Honduras,Jamaica,Mexico,Nicaragua,Panama,Paraguay,Peru,Suriname,TrinidadandTobago,UruguayandVenezuela.EuropeanUnion27:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,SpainandSweden.OECD:Australia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,Chile,Colombia,CostaRica,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Israel,Italy,Japan,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Mexico,Netherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,SouthKorea,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TürkiyeUnitedKingdomandUnitedStates.OPEC:Algeria,Angola,Congo,EquatorialGuinea,Gabon,Iran,Iraq,Kuwait,Libya,Nigeria,SaudiArabia,UnitedArabEmiratesandVenezuela.MENA(MiddleEastandNorthAfrica):Bahrain,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia,Syria,UnitedArabEmirates,YemenandAlgeria,Egypt,Libya,MoroccoandTunisia.ThisReviewadoptsthemostcommonlyusednamesforcountriesandnotnecessarilytheofficialname.ThenamesuseddonotinanywayindicatetheopinionofEnionthelegalstatusofcountries,territories,citiesorareasmentioned.Theterm“country”isusedtoindicate,whennecessary,alsoaterritoryorarea.BordersbetweencountriesareindicatedonthemapsanddonotimplyjudgementofanykindorthepositionofEniwithregardtocurrentinternationaldisputes.ThisReviewhasbeenpreparedbytheMarketScenariosandStrategicOptionsUnit.INTRODUCTION9NotesandMethodsOilThesourcesofthedataare:CME,DECC,EIADOE,Enerdata,EnergyIntelligence,ICE,ICISConsulting,InternationalEnergyAgency,IHSGlobalInsight,ItalianMinistryforEcologicalTransition,JODI,NorwegianPetroleumDirectorate,Oil&GasJournal,OPEC,S&PGlobalPlatts,WoodMacKenzieandotherofficialsources.Inallthechaptersofoil,insomecountriesfiguresmayincludeoilfromnonconventionalsourcesandotherssourcesofsupply.Thefiguresfor“Reserves”refertoprovenreservesasat31stDecember.Thefiguresforotherchaptersindicateannualaverages.Blankspacesinthetablesindicatethatthefigurewasnotavailable,zeroindicatesafigurethatisnotsignificant(exceptforthechapters“ProductionQuality”where“zero”isusedforbothnotavailableandnotsignificantfigures).Totalmaydifferfromthesumoftheindividualfiguresasaresultofroundingup/down.Percentageshavebeencalculatedbeforerounding.SupplyandDemand-TradeandPricesThedifferencebetweentheConsumptionandtheProductionofoilisgivenbythechangeinstocks,theprocessinggainsobtainedinrefiningandtheamountofbiofuelswhichisnotincludedinProduction.Inallthechapters,thelistofthe“Theworldtop10…”isdrawnupbyorderingthecountriesonthebasisofthelastavailableyear.Inthechap-ters“Reserves/ProductionRatio”and“Production/ConsumptionRatio”,thelistofthe“Theworldtop10…”isdrawnupbyselectingthelarg-estproducersinthelastavailableyearandorderingthemonthebasisofthevalueofthereserves/productionandproduction/consumptionratio.Inthechapter“PerCapitaConsumption”,thelistoftheworldtopisdrawnupbyselectingthelargestconsumersinthelastavailableyearandorderingthembythevalueofpercapitaconsumption.ProductionQualityInthechapter“ProductionQuality”figuresfortotaloilproductionineachareaorcountrydonotcoincidewiththefiguresinthe“Production”chapteroftheReview.Thisisduetotheexclusionofnaturalgasliquidsandextraheavycrudefromthefiguresforthefirst(exceptforVene-zuela).Moreover,ithasnotbeenpossibletoallocateordefinetotalproduction.Insomecountriesthe‘UltraLight’categoryalsoincludes,intotalorinpart,theproductionofcondensates.ForCanadatheproductionincludessyncrude.APIdegreeisuseduniversallytoexpressacrude’srelativedensity.Thearbitraryformulausedtoobtainitis:APIgravity=(141.5/SGat60°F)-131.5,whereSGisthespecificgravityofthefluid.Lighterthecrude,highertheAPIgravity.TheAPIscalewasdesignedsothatmostvalueswouldfallbetween10and70APIgravitydegrees.FreshwaterhasanAPIdensityof10.AtmosphericdistillatesyieldsareobtainedaccordingtoTBP(TrueBoilingPoint)technique,ASTMD2892procedure.Figuresareexpressedinmasspercentage.Forthedefinitionofthequalitativeparametersforsinglecrudes,thedataof“Eni–R&Mdownstreamlaboratories”havebeenused,whereverpossible.Qualitylevels,indicatingAPIgravityandsulphurcontent,aredefinedasfollows.Qualitylevels-APIgravityandsulphurcontentUltraLightAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan50°andalowsulphurcontentLight&SweetAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan35°andlessthan50°,sulphurcontentless0.5%Light&MediumSourAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan35°andlessthan50°,sulphurcontentequaltoorgreaterthan0.5%andlessthan1%Light&SourAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan35°andlessthan50°,sulphurcontentequaltoorgreaterthan1%Medium&SweetAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan26°andlessthan35°,sulphurcontentless0.5%Medium&MediumSourAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan26°andlessthan35°,sulphurcontentequaltoorgreaterthan0.5%andlessthan1%Medium&SourAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan26°andlessthan35°,sulphurcontentequaltoorgreaterthan1%Heavy&SweetAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan10°andlessthan26°,sulphurcontentless0.5%Heavy&MediumSourAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan10°andlessthan26°,sulphurcontentequaltoorgreaterthan0.5%andlessthan1%Heavy&SourAPIlevelequaltoorgreaterthan10°andlessthan26°,sulphurcontentequaltoorgreaterthan1%10EniWorldEnergyReview2023RefiningIndustryThe“RefiningCapacity”setoftabulationsprovidesthefollowinginformation:•Refineries:includesasphaltandlubeorientedunits,whendedicatedtoppingcapacityispresent.Condensaterefineriesareincluded.•PrimaryCapacity:representsaproratedannualaverageofavailablecapacity,excludingturnarounds.•ConversionCapacity(FCCeqv.):sumofconversioncapacity,convertedto“Catcracking(FCC)equivalent”capacity.“FCCequivalent”ca-pacityequals1;otherconversioncapacitiescanbehigherorlowerthan1(theequivalentfactorsarereportedbelowinthenexttable).•ComplexityRatio-FCCeqv.:ratioofConversionCapacity(convertedtoFCCequivalent)overPrimaryCapacity,calculatedonaweightbasis.Thehigheristhecomplexityindex,thehigheristhecapabilityofarefinerytoproducehighequivalentqualityandvalueproducts.•ComplexityRatio-NCI(NelsonComplexityIndex):isanothermeasureofsecondaryconversioncapacityincomparisontotheprimarydistillationcapacity.Theunitsareratedintermsoftheircostsrelativetotheprimarydistillationunit.Thehigheristheindexthehigheristhecapabilityofarefinerytoproducehighqualityandvalueproducts.TheequivalentfactorsfortheFCCequivalentcalculation,reportedbelow,changeaccordingtothetypeandtheconfigurationoftheconver-sionunitandarefromICISConsulting.ThefactorsfortheNelsoncalculationarestandardfactors,modifiedasnecessarybyEni.OxygenatesandAromaticsareexcluded.Conversiontype0.0010.00Conversiontype0.002.50AlkylationHydrodesulf-dieselAlkylation-hydrofluoric0.0010.00Hydrodesulf-gasoline0.002.50Alkylation-sulfunicHydrodesulf-keroAsphalt0.0010.00Hydrodesulf-mid-distillates0.002.50Coking-delayedHydrodesulf-naphtaCoking-f/d0.251.50Hydrodesulf-residue0.002.50Coking-fluidHydrodesulf-gvgoCoking-fxc1.356.00Isomerization-c40.002.50CondensatedistillationIsomerization-InCrude1.356.00Lube0.202.50DeasphaltingPolymerizationDeasphalting-c31.356.00Reforming-aromax0.052.50Deasphalting-c4Reforming-btxDeepcatcraking1.356.00Reforming-cc0.0015.00DistillatedewaxingReforming-cyclicFluidcat-cracking0.001.00Reforming-Ipgfeed0.0015.00Fluidcatcracking-residueReforming-srHeavyresidualgasification0.001.00Thermalcat-cracking0.5060.00Hydrocracking-distillatesThermalcrackingHydrocracking-mild0.001.50Vacuum0.0010.00Hydrocracking-residueVisbreaking0.001.500.005.000.001.500.005.001.106.000.005.000.1085.000.005.001.006.000.005.001.906.000.005.001.3012.000.802.751.306.000.652.750.306.000.002.000.406.000.252.75INTRODUCTION11NaturalGas-RenewablesThesourcesofthedataare:Cedigaz,DECC,EIADOE,Enerdata,InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA),IHSGlobalInsight,ItalianMinistryforEcologicalTransition,NorwegianPetroleumDirectorate,Oil&GasJournal,OPEC,WoodMacKenzieandotherofficialsources.Blankspacesinthetablesindicatethatthefigurewasnotavailable,zeroindicatesafigurethatisnotsignificant(exceptforthetwochapters“ImportsbyCountryofOrigin”and“LNGLiquefactionandRegasificationCapacity”inthesection“NaturalGas”andforthewholesection“Renewables”).Totalmaydifferfromthesumoftheindividualfiguresasaresultofroundingup/down.Percentageshavebeencalculatedbeforerounding.Inallthechaptersofnaturalgas,thefiguresofsomecountriesmayincludenaturalgasfromnonconventionalsourcesandotherssourcesofsupply.Thefiguresfor“Reserves”ofnaturalgasrefertoprovenreservesasat31stDecember.Thefiguresforotherchaptersindicateannualaver-ages.Inthechapters“Production”,“Consumption”,“Exports”and“Imports”ofnaturalgas,figuresareassessedbyusingthesamecalorificvaluepercubicmetre(40MJ/cm,GCV),inordertomakedataamongcountriescomparable.Inthechapter“Production”ofnaturalgas,thefiguresconcerntradedproductionanddonotincludequantitiesofflared,dispersedorre-injectedgas.Inthechapter“Imports”ofnaturalgas,thefigurereportedastotalimportsforasinglecountrymaydifferfromthesumof“ImportsbyLNGandpipeline”forthesamecountry,becauseofthedifferentsourcesanddifferentcalorificattachedtothecubicmetre.Theimportsoflique-fiednaturalgascoveronlythedrymarketableequivalentafterregasification.Inallthechapters,thelistofthe“Theworldtop10or5…”isdrawnupbyorderingthecountriesonthebasisofthelastavailableyear.Inthechapters“Reserves/ProductionRatio”and“Production/ConsumptionRatio”ofnaturalgas,thelistofthe“Theworldtop10…”isdrawnupbyselectingthelargestproducersinthelastavailableyearandorderingthemonthebasisofthevalueofthereserves/productionandproduc-tion/consumptionratio.Inthechapter“PerCapitaConsumption”ofnaturalgas,thelistoftheworldtopisdrawnupbyselectingthelargestconsumersinthelastavailableyearandorderingthembythevalueofpercapitaconsumption.Inthechapter”TradeandPrices”ofnaturalgas,theannualaveragesofgaspricesarecalculatedbytakingintoaccountthedeliveryperiodofthequotations.CriticalMineralsThesourceofthedataisU.S.GeologicalSurvey.Inallthechapters,thelistofthe“Theworldtop10…”isdrawnupbyorderingthecountriesonthebasisofthelastavailableyear.12EniWorldEnergyReview2023WorldEnergyMixWorldEnergyMix2022()(~15Gtoe)5%RENEWABLES5%NUCLEAR10%BIOMASSOIL30%COAL27%GAS23%WorldPowerCapacityMix2022()(~8600GW)2%BIOENERGYANDOTHERRENEWABLES5%NUCLEAR6%OILANDOTHERNON-RENEWABLES10%WIND13%SOLARCOAL26%GAS22%HYDRO16%()Datasource:IEA.INTRODUCTION13WorldPowerGenerationMix2022()(~29000TWh)3%BIOENERGYANDOTHERRENEWABLES3%OILANDOTHERNON-RENEWABLES5%SOLAR7%WIND9%NUCLEARCOAL36%GAS22%HYDRO15%()Datasource:IEA.Oil-SupplyandDemandRESERVESAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ReservesHoldersCountriesPRODUCTIONAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ProducersCountriesTheWorldTop10NaturalGasLiquidsProducersRESERVES/PRODUCTIONRATIOAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyReserves/ProductionRatioCountriesCONSUMPTIONAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ConsumersCountriesPERCAPITACONSUMPTIONAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ConsumersRankedbyPerCapitaConsumptionRatioCountriesPRODUCTION/CONSUMPTIONRATIOAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyProduction/ConsumptionRatioCountries16EniWorldEnergyReview2023ReservesAreasandAggregates()(millionbarrelsasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Europe13,92913,59113,00314,11614,80214,52213,73312,97712,9710.0%-0.6%RussiaandCentralAsia125,086135,729146,781143,503143,525144,504145,825145,818145,818MiddleEast793,605802,663807,544804,563803,169863,343865,330869,535871,5350.0%1.3%Africa126,950127,335127,652126,535124,575123,234122,493117,721117,672Asia-Pacific47,46447,90048,09548,04046,60246,84645,53444,89845,1220.2%0.8%Americas564,241547,079570,415574,764578,227578,764568,955576,729593,216-NorthAmerica225,201204,678231,452236,265239,525241,192232,056238,364253,5840.0%-0.6%-CentralSouthAmerica339,040342,402338,963338,499338,702337,572336,899338,364339,6330.5%-0.4%2.9%0.4%6.4%1.0%0.4%0.0%World1,671,2751,674,2981,713,4911,711,5231,710,9001,771,2121,761,8701,767,6771,786,3341.1%0.6%EuropeanUnion273,1652,5952,4192,4032,3572,3572,3352,3262,320-0.3%-2.6%MENA857,794868,001872,882869,923867,186927,579929,420933,537935,5370.2%0.7%OECD257,935236,001258,401263,369265,015265,878255,387260,843276,0655.8%0.6%NONOECD1,413,3401,438,2971,455,0901,448,1531,445,8851,505,3341,506,4841,506,8341,510,2690.2%0.6%OPEC1,165,8441,180,7671,187,3451,183,6741,182,5281,241,2811,242,3771,241,8191,243,5230.1%0.5%NONOPEC505,431493,531526,147527,849528,372529,931519,493525,858542,8113.2%0.6%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND17Reserves1%EUROPE2%ASIA-PACIFICWorldOilReserves(2022)7%AFRICA8%RUSSIAandC.ASIA1,786,334thousandbarrels/day14%NORTHAMERICA19%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICACENTRALSOUTHAMERICAMIDDLEEAST49%WorldOilReservesGrowth(2010-2022)115,059thousandbarrels/day2010-2015-30,000-20,000-10,000010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,0002015-2020EUROPE2020-2022ASIA-PACIFICAFRICARUSSIAandC.ASIANORTHAMERICACENTRALSOUTHAMERICAMIDDLEEAST18EniWorldEnergyReview2023ReservesTheWorldTop10ReservesHolders()(millionbarrelsasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Venezuela296,501300,878302,250302,809303,806303,806303,561303,468303,221-0.1%0.2%SaudiArabia264,516266,455266,208266,260267,026267,073267,082267,192267,1920.0%0.1%Iran151,170158,400157,200155,600155,600208,600208,600208,600208,6000.0%2.7%Canada200,020169,448196,239194,275192,472194,085193,844193,946193,9460.0%-0.3%Iraq143,100142,503148,766147,223145,019145,019145,019145,019145,0190.0%0.1%UnitedArabEmirates97,80097,80097,80097,80097,800105,000107,000111,000113,0001.8%1.2%Russia76,87697,703108,755105,478105,500106,471107,799107,799107,7990.0%2.9%Kuwait101,500101,500101,500101,500101,500101,500101,500101,500101,5000.0%0.0%UnitedStates35,21341,99047,05347,10738,21244,41859,63734.3%7.4%Libya25,18135,23048,36348,36348,36348,36348,36348,36348,3630.0%0.2%47,09748,363TheWorldTop101,403,7611,418,2801,462,2941,461,2981,464,1381,527,0241,520,9801,531,3061,548,2781.1%0.8%RestoftheWorld267,514256,018251,198250,225246,762244,189240,890236,372238,056World1,671,2751,674,2981,713,4911,711,5231,710,9001,771,2121,761,8701,767,6771,786,3340.7%-1.0%1.1%0.6%TheWorldTop10(2022)tatesrabEmiratesLibyadSwaitssiaitedAqnadanrabiaela2.7%UniteKuRuUnIraCaIradiAenezuSauVShareofWorld3.3%5.7%6.0%6.3%8.1%10.9%11.7%15.0%17.0%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND19ReservesCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(millionbarrelsasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe13,92913,59113,00314,11614,80214,52213,73312,97712,9710.0%-0.6%Albania1991832042041461461461461460.0%-2.6%Austria4451514444373737370.0%-1.5%Belarus1831971971971971971971971970.0%0.6%Bulgaria1515151515151515150.0%0.0%Croatia7366737373737373730.0%0.0%CzechRepublic71515157157770.0%0.0%Denmark9275404384384234234164234230.0%-6.3%France888073665858581311310.0%3.4%Germany2992482342042122041311171170.0%-7.5%Greece7777777770.0%0.0%Hungary2922222222151515150.0%-5.6%Italy()559595521571554532583582576-1.0%0.2%Lithuania1515151515151515150.0%0.0%Netherlands307110110807311713973730.0%-11.3%Norway6,8187,2427,0377,9508,6078,4837,7167,4837,4830.0%0.8%Poland8010295102102958880800.0%0.0%Romania5625845995995995995995995990.0%0.5%Serbia8080808080808080800.0%0.0%Slovakia7777777770.0%0.0%Spain1461391461461461461461461460.0%0.0%Türkiye3143583583873213653653653650.0%1.3%Ukraine3653943943943943943943943940.0%0.6%UnitedKingdom2,8052,5422,3132,5002,7002,5002,5001,9861,9860.0%-2.8%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.()TheoriginaldataarefromItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.TheyhavebeenconvertedbyEniconsidering1tonofoilequalto7.3barrels.20EniWorldEnergyReview2023ReservesCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(millionbarrelsasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022RussiaandCentralAsia125,086135,729146,781143,503143,525144,504145,825145,818145,8180.0%1.3%Russia76,87697,703108,755105,478105,500106,471107,799107,799107,7990.0%2.9%Azerbaijan6,9506,9506,9506,9506,9506,9506,9506,9506,950Georgia373737373737370.0%0.0%Kazakhstan373729,79929,79929,79929,79929,79929,79129,791Kyrgyzstan38,96029,799373737373737370.0%0.0%Tajikistan15151515151515Turkmenistan37375995995995995995995990.0%-2.2%Uzbekistan15155915915915995915915911,6435990.0%0.0%5695910.0%0.0%0.0%-8.1%0.0%0.3%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)MiddleEast793,605802,663807,544804,563803,169863,343865,330869,535871,5350.2%0.8%Bahrain124124124124110951831681680.0%2.6%Iran151,170158,400157,200155,600155,600208,600208,600208,600208,600Iraq143,100142,503148,766147,223145,019145,019145,019145,019145,0190.0%2.7%IsraelJordan415151515151515150.0%0.1%Kuwait111111111Oman101,500101,500101,500101,500101,500101,500101,500101,500101,5000.0%12.2%Qatar5,1105,2715,3365,3365,3365,3365,3365,3365,336SaudiArabia25,38225,24425,24425,24425,24425,24425,24425,24425,2440.0%0.0%Syria264,516266,455266,208266,260267,026267,073267,082267,192267,192UnitedArabEmirates2,3432,4822,4822,4822,6502,4822,4822,4822,4820.0%0.0%Yemen97,80097,80097,80097,80097,800105,000107,000111,000113,0002,5552,8692,8692,9782,8692,9782,8692,9782,9780.0%0.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.5%1.8%1.2%0.0%1.3%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND21ReservesCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(millionbarrelsasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022Africa126,950127,335127,652126,535124,575123,234122,493117,721117,6720.0%-0.6%Algeria12,20012,20012,20012,20012,20012,20012,20012,20012,2000.0%0.0%Angola9,0559,5249,5238,3848,1607,7837,2312,5162,5501.4%-10.0%Benin0.0%Cameroon7777777770.0%0.0%Chad1751971971971971971971971970.0%1.0%Congo1,4891,5771,4891,4891,5771,4891,5771,4891,4890.0%0.0%Côted'Ivoire2,0002,9822,9822,9822,9821,9471,8111,8111,8110.0%-0.8%Dem.Rep.Congo1021021021021021021021021020.0%0.0%Egypt1751751751751751971971751750.0%0.0%EquatorialGuinea4,4684,3734,3734,3733,0513,2783,1243,0153,0150.0%-3.2%Gabon1,7051,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1000.0%-3.6%Ghana2,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0000.0%0.0%Libya6576576576576576576576576570.0%0.0%Mauritania47,09748,36348,36348,36348,36348,36348,36348,36348,3630.0%0.2%Morocco10222222222222222220.0%-12.0%Mozambique0.0%-0.8%Niger1111111110.0%0.0%Nigeria151515151515151515-0.2%SierraLeone1461461461461461461461461460.0%-0.1%SouthAfrica37,20037,06237,45337,45336,97236,89036,91037,05036,9670.0%SouthSudan4384384384384384384384384380.0%0.0%Sudan1515151515151515150.0%Tunisia3,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5000.0%-11.6%Uganda6,4821,4751,4891,4891,4891,4891,4751,4751,4750.0%0.0%4234024024234023944024234230.1%9971,0041,0041,0041,0041,0041,0041,0041,004()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.22EniWorldEnergyReview2023ReservesCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(millionbarrelsasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022Asia-Pacific47,46447,90048,09548,04046,60246,84645,53444,89845,1220.5%-0.4%Afghanistan8888888888888888880.0%-7.4%Australia4,0523,9573,9573,9712,4602,4531,7891,6211,6210.0%0.0%Bangladesh0.0%0.0%Brunei2929292929292929290.0%1.2%China1,0951,0951,0951,0951,0951,0951,0951,0951,0951.9%-3.7%India23,26825,13225,62025,62725,92726,15426,02326,49127,003-2.7%-4.7%Indonesia5,6254,6364,6204,5004,4204,4204,6103,6703,572-7.8%0.0%Japan3,9903,2303,2303,3103,1703,1502,4802,4402,2500.0%-0.3%Malaysia0.0%29.1%Mongolia4444444444444444440.0%8.7%Myanmar3,7393,6003,6003,6003,6003,6003,6003,6003,6000.0%-8.7%NewZealand0.0%5.4%Pakistan152562562562563143143143140.0%4.3%PapuaNewGuinea51511391391391391391391390.0%0.0%Philippines15388737366514451510.0%0.0%Taiwan2853503503293433365335335330.0%-8.2%Thailand881751611831681611611461460.0%-0.1%Vietnam1391391021021021391391391390.0%2243168622222224,3734,3443873213212991021531534,3444,3734,3734,3734,3444,3444,344201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Americas564,241547,079570,415574,764578,227578,764568,955576,729593,2162.9%0.4%Argentina2,5202,3942,3802,1462,0002,0002,4972,4672,4670.0%-0.2%Barbados2322322220.0%0.8%Belize7777777770.0%0.0%Bolivia0.0%-5.0%Brazil44521221221219024124124124111.4%0.4%Canada13,98713,03412,66612,83513,23912,71311,92513,24314,7500.0%-0.3%Chile200,020169,448196,239194,275192,472194,085193,844193,946193,9460.0%0.0%Colombia0.0%-0.4%Cuba1461461461461461461461461460.0%0.0%Ecuador1,8911,9861,6431,6501,7671,9492,0221,8101,8100.0%1.2%Guatemala0.0%1.4%Mexico1241241241241241241241241240.1%-5.2%Peru7,2068,2738,2738,2738,2738,2738,2738,2738,2730.0%-3.2%Suriname0.0%0.7%TrinidadandTobago8095881021461248895950.0%-9.7%UnitedStates13,99213,0179,6328,6527,6957,0107,0427,3197,32834.3%7.4%Venezuela1,2341,4091,2191,219-0.1%0.2%978891642840840801028080888888888882572324124124119724124124125,18135,23035,21341,99047,05347,10738,21244,41859,637296,501300,878302,250302,809303,806303,806303,561303,468303,221()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND23ProductionAreasandAggregates()201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil,naturalgasliquids3,6903,6723,5753,7873,5883,303(thousandbarrels/day)14,23314,48814,55413,40913,67913,85330,95931,49530,02327,60627,93030,9522010201520168,2058,2988,4567,0377,4127,1397,7797,6487,6997,5117,4287,367Europe4,4013,7073,73327,70329,52131,08529,76530,27232,030-7.9%-2.4%RussiaandCentralAsia13,41413,94914,12318,20420,80922,83321,91922,35123,6071.3%0.3%MiddleEast25,36629,67131,4169,4998,7128,2537,8467,9208,42310.8%1.7%Africa10,2408,3247,796-3.7%-3.0%Asia-Pacific8,3768,3167,997-0.8%-1.1%Americas21,40727,82727,0375.8%3.4%-NorthAmerica11,07317,38517,0445.6%6.5%-CentralSouthAmerica10,33310,4429,9936.3%-1.7%World83,20591,79492,10192,56995,12395,39389,11790,30894,6454.8%1.1%EuropeanUnion27707609543547533486486467433-7.3%-4.0%MENA9.6%1.2%OECD29,53132,45134,16434,05134,72933,34329,99331,14734,1373.7%3.6%NONOECD5.3%0.1%OPEC19,62824,92924,35325,16727,63729,55028,74228,95430,0158.8%0.3%NONOPEC63,57766,86667,74867,40167,48665,84360,37461,35464,6302.7%1.6%33,30936,03037,09736,82136,78834,96130,81031,58834,35749,89655,76555,00455,74858,33560,43158,30658,72060,288()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.24EniWorldEnergyReview2023Production3%EUROPE7%AFRICAWorldOilProduction(2022)8%ASIA-PACIFIC9%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICA94,645thousandbarrels/dayMIDDLEEAST33%NORTHAMERICA25%RUSSIAandC.ASIA15%WorldOilProductionGrowth(2010-2022)11,441thousandbarrels/day2010-2015-6,000-3,00003,0006,0009,00012,00015,0002015-20202020-2022EUROPEAFRICAASIA-PACIFICCENTRALSOUTHAMERICARUSSIAandC.ASIANORTHAMERICAMIDDLEEASTOIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND25ProductionTheWorldTop10Producers()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil,naturalgasliquids(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022UnitedStates7,61512,84912,42913,21415,40117,22216,57016,75917,8506.5%7.4%SaudiArabia9,97112,04512,34411,87612,34511,91411,09410,97412,41613.1%1.8%Russia10,39011,08411,32811,32111,49411,58210,60710,86711,0882.0%0.5%Canada3,4584,5364,6154,9905,4085,6105,3495,5935,7572.9%4.3%Iraq2,4304,0784,5034,5634,6634,8124,1484,1324,55410.2%5.4%UnitedArabEmirates2,8313,7623,8483,7403,8014,0093,6973,6014,19016.4%3.3%China4,0380.3%Iran4,2154,2713,9823,8923,8483,9213,9704,0604,1772.9%-1.4%Brazil2,1523,5734,4024,7224,5523,2902,9383,4193,5774.6%3.1%Kuwait2,4982,5472,6282,7552,7132,8973,0443,0023,1193.9%1.6%3,0973,1943,0143,0502,9872,7172,7193,01310.8%TheWorldTop1049,59861,84263,27264,08767,27568,24464,13465,12569,7417.1%2.9%RestoftheWorld-1.1%-2.5%World33,60729,95328,82828,48227,84827,14824,98325,18324,9044.8%1.1%83,20591,79492,10192,56995,12395,39389,11790,30894,645TheWorldTop10(2022)dArabEmiratesrabiaStatesqdiAnitedKuwaitBrazilIranChinanadassiaSauU3.2%3.3%3.8%4.4%UniteIraCaRuShareofWorld4.4%4.8%6.1%11.7%13.1%18.9%()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.26EniWorldEnergyReview2023ProductionCountries()201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil,naturalgasliquids3,6903,6723,5753,7873,5883,303(thousandbarrels/day)171618171615201020152016141313111110323434343432Europe4,4013,7073,733111111-7.9%-2.4%151514131212Albania132319765665-6.8%1.2%Austria211715140117104756968-8.9%-6.1%Belarus343333182223232221-6.5%-0.6%Bulgaria1113321282632370.0%0.0%Croatia181415676758736259-3.5%-3.3%CzechRepublic575343221-11.7%-0.3%Denmark255159142222323202222-1.9%-10.4%Estonia101614971098911211094-2.9%6.3%France41233124231820181114.1%-1.0%Germany7266681,9691,8501,7582,0412,0501,899-6.2%-1.7%Greece213243230292724-2.9%-3.5%Hungary2518210000000.1%-0.9%Italy9713195747373716864-15.2%-0.3%Netherlands333624181717161514-39.4%-8.8%Norway2,1381,9481,995633344-7.4%-1.0%Poland242821221100-10.0%0.0%Portugal101495558626669-100.0%-100.0%Romania898278495155545411-6.8%-2.7%Serbia1720181,0091,1161,1501,076885830-6.8%-1.5%Slovakia34417.8%3.1%Spain1053-83.9%-40.7%Türkiye4848494.5%3.1%Ukraine795450-79.5%-15.0%UnitedKingdom1,3659721,026-6.2%-4.1%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)13,41413,94914,12314,23314,48814,55413,40913,67913,853RussiaandCentralAsia1.3%0.3%10,39011,08411,32811,32111,49411,58210,60710,86711,088Russia1,0428498297847937656997046722.0%0.5%Azerbaijan10000000-4.5%-3.6%Georgia1-6.8%-8.9%Kazakhstan1,6941,6941,6691,8481,9371,9421,8361,8461,820-1.4%0.6%Kyrgyzstan11111111-6.8%-2.7%Tajikistan100000000-4.5%7.2%Turkmenistan0-1.6%0.4%Uzbekistan21126824723221922322722422039.6%-3.2%755248464340383651()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND27ProductionCountries()201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil,naturalgasliquids30,95931,49530,02327,60627,93030,952(thousandbarrels/day)2102082081821851992010201520164,7224,5523,2902,9383,4193,5774,5634,6634,8124,1484,1324,554MiddleEast25,36629,67131,4163,0143,0502,9872,7172,7193,01310.8%1.7%1,072Bahrain1922132139789869799579791,8377.2%0.3%Iran4,2153,5734,4021,7871,8001,7241,7711,82212,4164.6%-1.4%Iraq2,4304,0784,50311,87612,34511,91411,09410,97410.2%5.4%Kuwait2,4983,0973,1944310.8%1.6%Oman1,01225243443434,1909.5%1.7%Qatar8719881,8593,7403,8014,0093,6973,6010.8%0.8%SaudiArabia1,6681,85612,3445313.1%1.8%Syria9,97112,0454467676055-1.6%-16.7%UnitedArabEmirates2516.4%3.3%Yemen385273,848-3.6%-13.6%2,8313,7621630632201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)10,2408,3247,7968,2058,2988,4567,0377,4127,139Africa-3.7%-3.0%1,7201,5901,6051,5301,5121,4901,3461,3621,470Algeria1,8001,7961,7431,7011,5431,4491,3281,1781,1927.9%-1.3%Angola1.3%-3.4%Cameroon649392766971736861-9.5%-0.4%Chad1201391291121281181069687-8.9%-2.6%Congo313234217266331339303275269-2.4%-1.3%Côted'Ivoire392632403336282827-3.5%-3.1%Dem.Rep.Congo222119242323222120-4.9%-0.7%Egypt7006966646396496336195936001.2%-1.3%EquatorialGuinea311276231212208196190180162-9.6%-5.3%Gabon2492302272001902121981821883.7%-2.3%Ghana10692157177207196170168-0.7%30.6%Libya74374268771,0291,1593841,2251,079-11.9%-3.5%Mauritania1,66100-100.0%Niger5430001211-9.6%Nigeria91514151615141,6811,485-11.7%-4.4%SouthAfrica02,2461,9281,9862,0302,1231,8799183-8.9%-4.3%SouthSudan2,53510610310610210488153141-7.6%Sudan1411481371471441721656260-3.3%-15.7%Tunisia010581677169613836-5.0%-6.8%46555534643403784()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.28EniWorldEnergyReview2023ProductionCountries()201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil,naturalgasliquids7,7797,6487,6997,5117,4287,367(thousandbarrels/day)31534445845544441320102015201612121111101011311112111010893Asia-Pacific8,3768,3167,9973,8923,8483,9213,9704,0604,177-0.8%-1.1%211523141414Australia549371345861845803750728704-7.1%-2.4%Bangladesh7811824798772734683632-3.0%3.2%Brunei12112101110109-14.0%-4.9%China1691273,9827297236706045665622.9%0.3%EastTimor4,0384,271302019181817160.0%-14.2%India8521198887-3.3%-1.8%Indonesia8845866373030262321-7.4%-3.7%Japan8808721110610610410210098-13.4%-6.1%Malaysia991817737503635393736-0.8%-2.0%Mongolia181222131311111010-4.9%8.5%Myanmar71770111252928343738-3.0%-7.1%NewZealand2441457446443411380340-10.6%-8.4%Pakistan611102280252232204192187-2.4%2.6%PapuaNewGuinea184856-3.5%1.0%Philippines6010015-3.0%-5.5%SouthKorea7258242.9%5.2%Thailand3215462-10.5%-1.0%Vietnam2022310-2.8%-4.1%21452382363308201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)21,40727,82727,03727,70329,52131,08529,76530,27232,030Americas5.8%3.4%734650625595621647609643712Argentina11111111110.8%-0.3%Barbados567878767268646360-4.9%-5.5%Bolivia-5.4%0.6%Brazil2,1522,5472,6282,7552,7132,8973,0443,0023,1193.9%3.1%Canada3,4584,5364,6154,9905,4085,6105,3495,5935,7572.9%4.3%Chile22.7%-2.0%Colombia1365691299102.4%-0.3%Cuba7881,014906862873893788744761-5.6%-3.6%Ecuador5548484742403836-2.3%-0.1%Guatemala47053555537523536484477466-9.5%-3.8%Guyana11548149.8%Mexico1089998872.7%-3.2%Peru0000170110274-2.2%-2.3%Suriname2,95902,4632,2292,0731,9281,9261,9542,006-4.9%-0.5%TrinidadandTobago2,5971341331331401251211180.6%-5.3%UnitedStates156161616161615146.5%7.4%Venezuela151509799878276777715.2%-10.2%1481612,42913,21415,40117,22216,57016,75917,8507,6151092,4292,1331,5349825876617622,77512,8492,665()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND29ProductionTheWorldTop10NaturalGasLiquidsProducers()(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)5,4255,881UnitedStates2,0743,3423,5093,7834,3694,8255,1751,7421,8088.4%9.1%SaudiArabia1,7101,8051,8481,8381,9391,8901,8041,0353.8%0.5%Canada9761,0316.0%4.5%Iran6087087928399049619499993.1%6.0%UnitedArabEmirates5107278509109739319428428713.4%4.4%Algeria5208167988078038328314514591.7%-1.0%Qatar5154814944834704664483603723.2%0.8%Russia3393513513513513513513433491.7%2.8%Nigeria251365364341333332338355324-8.7%-2.9%Kuwait4644594464434133773693033164.3%3.9%200310310307305305303TheWorldTop107,1909,3639,76210,10210,86011,26911,51111,79712,4455.5%4.7%RestoftheWorld-4.8%-2.2%World2,4482,2542,2562,2972,2372,2052,0481,9671,8724.0%3.4%9,63811,61712,01812,39913,09713,47413,55813,76414,317TheWorldTop10(2022)ShareofWorldKuwaitNigeriaRussiaQatariratesrabiaStates2.2%2.3%2.4%2.6%rabEmdiAnitedAlgeriaUnitedACanadaIranSauU6.1%7.2%7.2%12.6%41.1%3.2%()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.30EniWorldEnergyReview2023Reserves/ProductionRatioAreasandAggregates()(years)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe1011111112121010112828282727302929RussiaandCentralAsia3174707170798685774245424140484445MiddleEast8613161617171716165455555249505251Africa343333322926262929909398107112118117110Asia-Pacific135050504950535452Americas691212121213131415-NorthAmerica497370706876858275-CentralSouthAmerica902626262422222525World555959595963686764EuropeanUnion27129088888897110108992425252423232425MENA80OECD33NONOECD62OPEC96NONOPEC28Reserves/ProductionRatio(2022)World:52yearsCENTRALSOUTHAMERICA110NORTHAMERICA29MIDDLEEAST77ASIA-PACIFIC16YearsAFRICA45EUROPE11RUSSIAANDC.ASIA29()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND31Reserves/ProductionRatioTheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyReserves/ProductionRatio()(years)201020152016201720182019202020212022Iran98121989094174194167160KuwaitCanada111908792919310210292IraqUnitedArabEmirates139104101948683869592SaudiArabiaRussia1619691888583969687ChinaBrazil957170727072798474UnitedStates736159615961666759282526262626282727101218181818181717181413131312111213988987679TheWorldTop10(2022)tatesrabiarabEmiratesedSrazilassiaudiAitedAqUnitBhinuanIraanadauwaitanYearsCRSUCKIr17275974879292160913()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.32EniWorldEnergyReview2023Reserves/ProductionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(years)101111111212101011Europe4222293325222325276898989910Albania151617171616161617Austria404040404040404040Belarus111314131314161617Bulgaria467538444Croatia109891011151717CzechRepublic610768661110Denmark111098910555France9166756111313Germany333332222Greece161215161416131417Hungary258129918191118Italy()91010111313101011Netherlands910121299889Norway172021222222232426Poland131112121313131416Romania745367655Serbia4080140166222491729Slovakia182020221617161514Spain132021222120202097Türkiye1112101098667UkraineUnitedKingdomRussiaandCentralAsia20102015201620172018201920202021202228282727302929Russia312826262626282727Azerbaijan23242425272728Georgia2825Kazakhstan182249444242444445Kyrgyzstan11919691101111123132142152Turkmenistan63487Uzbekistan11082347777772163538414345322131()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND33Reserves/ProductionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(years)867470717079868577MiddleEast222211322Bahrain98121989094174194167160Iran1619691888583969687Iraq111908792919310210292Kuwait161514151515151514Oman413737393840393837Qatar736159615961666759SaudiArabia17256270276302202158156159Syria957170727072798474UnitedArabEmirates23246483185118122130148154YemenAfrica201020152016201720182019202020212022Algeria344245424140484445Angola19Cameroon142121222222252523Chad715151414151566Congo3466788789Côted'Ivoire183132363435414347Dem.Rep.Congo73538312516161818Egypt22119788101010EquatorialGuinea172325202123242324Gabon151718191314141414Ghana221113141515161719Libya2632424272926283029Mauritania7817201110991111Niger30303311151129114345108123Nigeria131418SouthSudan402629272527293336Sudan4553525048546068Tunisia3865706566565863681439506157596666682021252527303132()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.34EniWorldEnergyReview2023Reserves/ProductionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(years)131316161717171616Asia-Pacific191819211914141011Australia11107777788Bangladesh182425272725272832Brunei101218181818181717China181515141415171414India11111011111191010Indonesia71011101211121214Japan141413141415161718Malaysia72932353647495154Mongolia81335354248485051Myanmar755565567NewZealand11109899141515Pakistan888101312111111PapuaNewGuinea192519222235353637Philippines342222111Thailand393339434852596264Vietnam201020152016201720182019202020212022AmericasArgentina695455555249505251BarbadosBolivia91010109811119Brazil5101091111101011Canada22778710101011Chile181413131312111213Colombia139104101948683869592Cuba306477644434444738Ecuador755566777Guatemala6677788910Mexico424141424342474849Peru202630314438283437Suriname131411111010101010TrinidadandTobago222625252017141920UnitedStates151814141515151617Venezuela151877879999889876792933093413895428481,4171,2571,090()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND35ConsumptionAreasandAggregates()(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)15,18815,57615,48515,50213,51814,30714,624Europe15,92114,9764,0864,2594,2694,3104,1764,4444,5682.2%-0.7%RussiaandCentralAsia3,4244,2139,0459,1569,1119,0768,2858,7049,292MiddleEast7,9869,1154,0684,1044,1174,1353,7734,0124,1982.8%2.4%Africa3,5444,11433,03434,24735,42535,86933,88635,93436,099Asia-Pacific27,54632,23631,11931,25331,60331,70027,90130,25731,1356.8%1.3%Americas30,20531,10822,29222,50523,10423,05420,51922,29322,713-NorthAmerica21,75522,1278,8278,7488,4998,6467,3827,9648,4224.6%1.4%-CentralSouthAmerica8,4508,9810.5%2.3%2.9%0.3%1.9%0.4%5.8%0.0%World88,62695,76296,54098,595100,010100,59291,53997,65899,9162.3%1.0%EuropeanUnion2712,39511,43811,51811,82611,76211,78610,34610,95411,2382.6%-0.8%MENAOECD9,67810,94110,80810,88110,79110,7119,81110,37311,1057.1%1.2%NONOECDOPEC47,36546,90647,33447,85848,08848,08942,40245,23546,3852.5%-0.2%NONOPEC41,26148,85649,20650,73751,92252,50349,13752,42353,5312.1%2.2%8,5639,8489,6599,6179,4579,4188,5148,9649,4635.6%0.8%80,06385,91486,88188,97890,55391,17483,02588,69490,4532.0%1.0%()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.36EniWorldEnergyReview2023Consumption4%AFRICA5%RUSSIAandC.ASIAWorldOilConsumption(2022)8%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICA9%MIDDLEEAST99,916thousandbarrels/day15%EUROPEASIA-PACIFIC36%NORTHAMERICA23%WorldOilConsumptionGrowth(2010-2022)11,290thousandbarrels/day2010-2015-4,000-2,00002,0004,0006,0008,00010,0002015-2020AFRICA2020-2022RUSSIAandC.ASIACENTRALSOUTHAMERICAMIDDLEEASTEUROPENORTHAMERICAASIA-PACIFICOIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND37ConsumptionTheWorldTop10Consumers()(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)UnitedStates19,39119,68719,82720,04220,59520,58318,34820,03420,4302.0%0.4%China9,03111,63912,01312,57413,58114,08014,19615,41915,001-2.7%4.3%India3,3664,2884,4934,7624,9274,9634,5824,7655,1458.0%3.6%Russia2,8283,4723,3083,4963,4943,5683,4213,6553,7602.9%2.4%SaudiArabia3,1743,8953,8703,8043,6083,6353,4483,4943,7176.4%1.3%Japan4,4024,1694,0363,9453,8523,7643,3613,4153,369-1.3%-2.2%Brazil2,7793,1933,0063,0452,9793,0822,8663,0063,0672.0%0.8%SouthKorea2,2692,4732,6032,6272,5642,5962,4482,5782,5820.2%1.1%Canada2,3641.1%-0.3%Germany2,4672,4402,4652,4632,5092,4712,1712,2592,2832.1%-1.1%2,3682,3832,4502,3272,3552,1482,1262,171TheWorldTop1052,07157,62458,00459,20860,43661,09756,98960,75161,5251.3%1.4%RestoftheWorldWorld36,55538,13838,53639,38739,57439,49534,55036,90738,3914.0%0.4%88,62695,76296,54098,595100,010100,59291,53997,65899,9162.3%1.0%TheWorldTop10(2022)ShareofWorldGermanyCanadaKorearabiadStatesthrazilJapanSaudiARussiaIndiaChinaUniteSouB3.4%3.7%3.8%5.1%15.0%20.4%2.6%3.1%2.2%2.3%()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServices.Allrightsreserved.38EniWorldEnergyReview2023ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandbarrels/day)15,92114,97615,18815,57615,48515,50213,51814,30714,6242.2%-0.7%Europe2626283027292328292782582622632692772392532463.6%0.9%Albania151139137137151146147152145-2.8%-1.0%Austria653624633638684643563631599-4.6%-0.3%Belarus343135353534323435-5.1%-0.7%Belgium8495969810010495991012.9%0.2%BosniaHerzegovina7869687372716067702.0%1.5%Bulgaria5748525353534551524.5%-0.9%Croatia2021961802142172191922122182.0%-0.8%Cyprus1671541581591611651371401482.8%0.6%CzechRepublic2729293030282830305.7%-1.0%Denmark2142072102092102091891791900.0%0.9%Estonia1,8171,7471,7091,7371,6861,6891,4281,5481,5356.1%-1.0%Finland2,4672,3682,3832,4502,3272,3552,1482,1262,171-0.8%-1.4%France8374758482848484842.1%-1.1%Germany3702952963033003102512683010.0%0.1%Gibraltar14915515416717918016818318012.3%-1.7%Greece151719212320131419-1.6%1.6%Hungary16414615215415915913514115135.7%2.0%Iceland1,5441,2741,2371,2441,2721,2551,0321,1851,2237.1%-0.7%Ireland1114141515161515163.2%-1.9%Italy3737383835403537376.7%3.2%Kosovo5657626468686466660.0%0.0%Latvia6056565963645354490.0%1.4%Lithuania474345515254505356-9.3%-1.7%Luxembourg1718192021212021215.7%1.5%Malta0.0%1.8%Moldova7678897880.0%1.1%Montenegro9859329359439299048618508813.6%-0.9%Netherlands182022212122212120-4.8%0.9%NorthMacedonia228234224231236242211238190-20.2%-1.5%Norway5685415826586806986617027283.7%2.1%Poland27423723724223124920320824115.9%-1.1%Portugal1761942042172142282192322330.4%2.4%Romania8171777776787278802.6%-0.1%Serbia8479829092868793952.2%1.0%Slovakia55495254575546475210.6%-0.5%Slovenia1,4411,2471,2901,2971,3321,3281,0891,1881,2868.2%-0.9%Spain341301316321290295268311299-3.9%-1.1%Sweden2612272282252222201801851913.2%-2.6%Switzerland6758819429919589879219781,0194.2%3.5%Türkiye293220244236243244215239168-29.7%-4.5%Ukraine1,6261,5601,5991,6191,6051,5641,2111,2581,3618.2%-1.5%UnitedKingdom()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServices.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND39ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandbarrels/day)3,4244,2134,0864,2594,2694,3104,1764,4444,5682.8%2.4%RussiaandCentralAsia2,8283,4723,3083,4963,4943,5683,4213,6553,760Russia97788101313142.9%2.4%Armenia749696110101105109Azerbaijan222632102103312930327.7%3.8%Georgia3129290314325331Kazakhstan233322349334326302532313.8%3.3%Kyrgyzstan273638324126263031Tajikistan11222221241521501481506.7%3.2%Turkmenistan1261511491501519397106110Uzbekistan94818585931.8%3.0%-3.1%1.2%3.3%9.0%1.4%1.5%3.8%1.3%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)7,9869,1159,0459,1569,1119,0768,2858,7049,292MiddleEast6.8%1.3%616160636564555561Bahrain1,8482,0031,8391,8981,9791,9371,7631,8331,85010.9%0.0%Iran0.9%0.0%Iraq56560665568971375461970782917.3%3.2%Israel25121722123823223521021924411.4%-0.2%Jordan10213411012411110888991056.1%0.2%Kuwait4504484394384384153854194282.1%-0.4%Lebanon1201621691791681691341561560.0%2.2%Oman1271851941912332131812422555.4%6.0%Qatar17328730533735735829630635114.7%6.1%SaudiArabia3,1743,8953,8703,8043,6083,6353,4483,4943,7176.4%1.3%Syria3071231201231481331241261281.6%-7.0%UnitedArabEmirates6609211,0041,0149889849199841,10212.0%4.4%Yemen14873595871716364663.1%-6.5%()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServices.Allrightsreserved.40EniWorldEnergyReview2023ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandbarrels/day)3,5444,1144,0684,1044,1174,1353,7734,0124,1984.6%1.4%Africa35144743042543744643645148099154135119117127981181216.4%2.6%Algeria3536454551505554562.5%1.7%Angola3439393840393737393.7%4.0%Benin1215141212121111125.4%1.1%Cameroon2445505052565255599.1%0.0%Congo1621161817181916187.3%7.8%Côted'Ivoire76385882977371665261967677312.5%1.0%Dem.Rep.Congo44698187939592899614.3%0.1%Egypt1922231515151414157.9%6.7%Ethiopia71859492101103981051107.1%-2.0%Gabon851051111191171221071131224.8%3.7%Ghana3042192002052102091762232348.0%3.1%Kenya2572742772932882972662892954.9%-2.2%Libya1626282828302728302.1%1.2%Morocco2934154274314564884314804587.1%5.4%Mozambique384748465160515962-4.6%3.8%Nigeria5876376076636486215335675785.1%4.2%Senegal014131213141312131.9%-0.1%SouthAfrica1141221371411411431321331358.3%SouthSudan88102981041031039493831.5%1.4%Sudan335251535464626467-10.8%-0.5%Tanzania1728272929312930314.7%6.1%Tunisia1427242531292324253.3%5.1%Zambia2302552642812973112982712864.2%5.0%Zimbabwe5.5%1.8%OthersAfrica()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServices.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND41ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandbarrels/day)27,54632,23633,03434,24735,42535,86933,88635,93436,0990.5%2.3%Asia-Pacific1,0451,1231,1141,1641,1831,1669991,0201,079801361451641881891471952015.8%0.3%Australia1617151517212462633.1%8.0%Bangladesh14,1961.6%12.1%Brunei9,03111,63912,01312,57413,58114,08028715,41915,001-2.7%4.3%China4153713844334384124,582262219-16.4%-5.2%HongKong1,6598.0%3.6%India3,3664,2884,4934,7624,9274,9633,3614,7655,1452.6%2.0%Indonesia1,4061,6831,5941,7031,8581,8336671,7291,774-1.3%-2.2%Japan4,4024,1694,0363,9453,8523,7641393,4153,36911.5%2.5%Malaysia597.4%15.1%Myanmar5866887097317127521497047853.4%8.9%Nepal247489141143148191211307.4%0.4%NewZealand22274454595542759610.0%0.5%NorthKorea153161168177180185399149160-2.6%1.7%Pakistan1718201818191,23618185.8%3.4%Philippines4005265775754624452,4485004872.9%0.7%Singapore3144014304614674781104454710.2%1.1%SouthKorea1,1621,2941,3401,3961,3881,3619451,2241,260-35.8%-0.9%SriLanka2,2692,4732,6032,6272,5642,5961,3532,5782,582-8.0%-1.2%Taiwan88105136135127134441123795.4%2.4%Thailand1,0471,0461,0511,0371,04198723999091113.4%2.9%Vietnam1,1181,3631,4071,4341,4721,4771,4091,4852.3%2.7%OthersAsia-Pacific395399432457489521491557190235234244259283256262()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServices.Allrightsreserved.42EniWorldEnergyReview2023ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandbarrels/day)30,20531,10831,11931,25331,60331,70027,90130,25731,1352.9%0.3%Americas6566826776666486255245996545979828589917785889.2%0.0%Argentina2,7793,1933,0063,0452,9793,0822,8663,0063,0673.5%3.4%Bolivia2,3642,4402,4652,4632,5092,4712,1712,2592,2832.0%0.8%Brazil3223313523573633623313673811.1%-0.3%Canada2663383723463493733233573753.8%1.4%Chile5053585960605057605.0%2.9%Colombia1821831681681671511521571575.3%1.5%CostaRica6978736660544453520.0%-1.2%Cuba123133142133145152118151160-1.9%-2.3%Curacao2352682562532742702232552626.0%2.2%DominicanRepublic4550504651594656582.7%0.9%Ecuador708992931001091011091123.6%2.1%ElSalvador1622232323232221212.8%4.0%Guatemala4660575449565055560.0%2.3%Haiti5152565360613856581.8%1.7%Honduras2,0942,0062,0532,0191,8861,9851,5991,6551,9163.6%1.1%Jamaica29343636333431353615.8%-0.7%Mexico1221441511641581761371631762.9%1.8%Nicaragua3647536063625760618.0%3.1%Panama2002362472622662742112652741.7%4.5%Paraguay4346474437312627293.4%2.7%Peru19,39119,68719,82720,04220,59520,58318,34820,03420,4307.4%-3.2%TrinidadandTobago5152514952544953562.0%0.4%UnitedStates7887036235674843962142302175.7%0.8%Uruguay118102102100103106939296-5.7%-10.2%Venezuela4.3%-1.7%OthersAmericas()Datasource:IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServices.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND43PerCapitaConsumptionAreasandAggregates()(barrels)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe9.288.568.658.848.768.757.618.048.21RussiaandCentralAsia5.356.506.286.536.536.596.386.807.15MiddleEast13.2713.6013.2313.1612.8612.5811.3411.7812.40Africa1.361.401.351.331.301.271.131.181.20Asia-Pacific2.612.902.943.033.103.122.923.083.08Americas11.8911.6611.5511.5011.5311.4810.0410.8311.08-NorthAmerica23.1022.5922.5822.6323.0722.8820.2721.9722.27-CentralSouthAmerica5.285.325.175.084.894.934.184.484.70World4.664.744.724.774.784.764.294.544.61EuropeanUnion2710.249.409.469.709.649.658.468.969.20MENA9.00OECD13.429.198.918.828.598.387.577.908.34NONOECD2.66OPEC7.6212.8712.9112.9812.9712.9011.3312.0612.33NONOPEC4.472.952.932.993.023.022.792.952.997.787.467.287.026.866.106.326.554.544.544.604.634.624.164.414.47PerCapitaConsumption(2022)ericaalAsiaificuthAmdCentrericaAsia-PacCentralSoRussiaanEuropeMiddleEaNorthAmstBarrelsAfrica1.203.084.707.158.2112.4022.27()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.44EniWorldEnergyReview2023PerCapitaConsumptionTheWorldTop10ConsumersRankedbyPerCapitaConsumptionRatio()(barrels)201020152016201720182019202020212022SaudiArabia39.3943.4142.2740.6137.6137.0334.9635.4737.26UnitedStates22.8522.3322.3222.4022.8822.7420.2022.0122.36Canada25.4124.9624.9624.6324.7524.0320.8721.5821.45SouthKorea16.9717.7018.5218.6118.1118.2917.2318.1518.19Japan12.5411.9611.6011.3711.1410.929.7910.009.92Germany11.0710.5310.5610.8210.2510.349.419.309.50Russia7.218.768.328.778.768.948.579.199.48Brazil5.175.685.305.335.175.314.915.125.20China2.443.053.133.253.503.613.643.953.84India0.991.181.231.281.311.311.201.241.33TheWorldTop10(2022)nyKoreaaStatesArabiaIndiaChinaBrazilRussiaGermaJapanSouthCanadUnitedSaudiBarrels1.333.845.209.489.509.9218.1921.4522.3637.26()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND45PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(barrels)9.288.568.658.848.768.757.618.048.21Europe3.253.293.553.813.433.702.953.603.7312.1310.9010.9510.9111.1111.399.7910.3510.04Albania5.665.235.155.155.685.515.575.795.55Austria21.9120.2520.4220.4621.8120.3917.7719.8418.76Belarus3.263.213.673.713.763.693.523.793.95Belgium4.134.824.905.045.185.424.995.245.39BosniaHerzegovina6.525.925.886.366.326.285.356.026.34Bulgaria25.4020.6822.3722.6322.3822.0918.5420.7720.94Croatia7.006.756.197.347.437.486.547.227.41Cyprus10.989.9010.1110.1210.1910.398.588.739.18CzechRepublic7.408.058.048.308.287.717.708.268.28Denmark14.5613.7913.9513.8513.9013.8212.4811.8012.52Estonia10.629.999.759.889.579.578.088.768.67Finland11.0710.5310.5610.8210.2510.349.419.309.50France12.249.9610.0510.3410.3010.708.729.3610.58Germany5.485.795.766.266.736.786.356.936.84Greece17.2018.7420.6622.3123.7920.2312.9413.8018.60Hungary13.2311.4211.7611.7812.0011.859.9610.3210.97Iceland9.427.727.517.577.757.676.337.307.56Ireland2.262.842.883.073.063.253.043.033.22Italy6.436.787.037.106.607.626.737.217.30Kosovo6.517.027.718.048.638.718.288.648.76Latvia43.1935.9035.0436.1237.8337.6830.6930.8327.62Lithuania40.9734.3835.1238.8238.6139.1435.4136.7338.33Luxembourg2.162.312.462.632.812.852.762.953.00Malta4.123.524.114.694.695.284.114.724.69Moldova21.6419.9619.9320.0019.6219.0018.0317.7318.31Montenegro3.143.463.813.633.633.803.633.643.49Netherlands17.0216.4615.6115.9816.2216.5214.3216.0812.76NorthMacedonia5.415.195.596.336.556.726.376.787.04Norway9.458.358.378.578.198.837.197.388.56Poland3.143.553.764.034.004.304.164.434.47Portugal4.053.653.984.003.974.103.814.174.29Romania5.675.305.506.036.165.755.826.226.35Serbia9.768.599.089.399.889.507.938.098.95Slovakia11.299.8010.1310.1610.3910.288.399.139.87Slovenia13.2711.1511.5911.6510.4210.499.4310.8410.35Spain12.1810.009.949.729.529.367.617.777.98Sweden3.374.044.244.414.224.324.004.214.36Switzerland2.341.791.991.932.002.011.792.001.60Türkiye9.468.738.898.948.828.556.596.827.36UkraineUnitedKingdom()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.46EniWorldEnergyReview2023PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(barrels)5.356.506.286.536.536.596.386.807.15RussiaandCentralAsia7.218.768.328.778.768.948.579.199.48Russia1.110.890.891.021.031.291.691.701.84Armenia2.923.553.513.703.703.923.583.723.84Azerbaijan2.092.523.103.002.813.002.812.913.12Georgia5.116.597.056.666.425.646.046.186.23Kazakhstan1.802.222.301.912.401.731.421.791.71Kyrgyzstan0.530.940.920.860.961.020.991.121.14Tajikistan8.739.569.279.179.099.018.768.528.51Turkmenistan1.200.960.990.971.051.031.061.141.16UzbekistanMiddleEast201020152016201720182019202020212022Bahrain13.2713.6013.2313.1612.8612.5811.3411.7812.40IranIraq18.3516.3515.5415.7815.9515.6313.5913.7215.12Israel8.958.948.068.208.448.177.377.617.63Jordan6.605.866.186.356.416.625.315.936.80Kuwait12.509.899.8910.4510.019.968.758.989.85Lebanon5.375.154.034.433.873.682.943.243.40Oman55.8041.8339.5838.7637.0334.1132.2335.9836.60Qatar8.779.249.8610.6910.3010.678.6410.1810.37SaudiArabia16.0816.1116.1015.3518.4816.8914.5419.5420.34Syria36.8543.3842.9045.3647.1046.5539.1441.5547.54UnitedArabEmirates39.3943.4142.2740.6137.6137.0334.9635.4737.26Yemen5.022.342.312.362.792.422.182.162.1128.4037.7040.7440.8139.4538.9936.1238.3542.602.180.930.740.700.840.820.710.710.71()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND47PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(barrels)1.361.401.351.331.301.271.131.181.20Africa3.574.133.893.773.803.813.663.733.901.552.001.691.441.371.431.071.251.24Algeria1.351.201.461.421.561.481.591.521.53Angola0.620.620.600.570.580.550.510.500.51Benin0.991.080.990.820.800.790.700.690.73Cameroon0.410.700.750.730.740.780.710.730.76Congo0.090.100.070.080.070.070.070.060.07Côted'Ivoire3.193.203.032.772.522.252.102.262.54Dem.Rep.Congo0.180.250.280.290.310.300.290.270.28Egypt4.053.964.022.562.502.442.232.182.29Ethiopia1.011.071.161.111.191.191.111.171.20Gabon0.750.820.850.890.850.870.750.780.82Ghana17.0912.9111.6211.7311.8311.619.6512.0812.54Kenya2.892.882.883.012.932.992.652.852.87Libya0.250.350.370.360.350.360.320.320.33Morocco0.660.820.830.810.840.880.760.820.76Mozambique1.111.191.191.111.201.371.131.281.31Nigeria4.144.163.934.274.123.903.313.483.52Senegal0.000.460.430.410.460.490.450.410.43SouthAfrica0.961.151.261.271.241.231.111.101.09SouthSudan0.710.710.660.670.650.630.560.530.46Sudan2.953.223.063.213.153.122.822.772.45Tanzania0.450.630.590.610.590.620.560.560.57Tunisia0.400.700.610.620.750.690.540.550.56ZambiaZimbabwe()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.48EniWorldEnergyReview2023PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(barrels)2.612.902.943.033.103.122.923.083.08Asia-Pacific17.3217.2116.8117.2817.2916.7814.2014.3615.040.200.310.330.370.420.420.320.420.43Australia14.7514.7212.8512.7214.2917.5019.8350.8151.21Bangladesh2.443.053.133.253.503.613.643.953.84Brunei21.2418.3018.8521.1821.3720.0613.9712.7610.67China0.991.181.231.281.311.311.201.241.33HongKong2.102.372.222.352.542.482.232.312.35India12.5411.9611.6011.3711.1410.929.7910.009.92Indonesia7.458.088.218.348.028.377.337.658.44Japan0.180.520.630.980.991.020.950.820.88Malaysia0.300.360.580.700.760.700.730.720.73Myanmar12.8512.8013.1413.6113.5813.6210.7510.6011.26Nepal0.250.260.290.260.260.270.270.250.25NewZealand0.750.910.990.970.770.730.690.790.75NorthKorea1.211.421.501.581.571.581.301.431.49Pakistan82.1483.5985.6388.3987.1384.6876.3475.2076.96Philippines16.9717.7018.5218.6118.1118.2917.2318.1518.19Singapore1.551.802.322.292.152.261.852.061.32SouthKorea16.5616.2416.2615.9916.0115.1514.4815.1413.92SriLanka5.987.087.277.387.557.566.917.187.56Taiwan1.651.581.691.771.881.991.671.842.07ThailandVietnam()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND49PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(barrels)11.8911.6611.5511.5011.5311.4810.0410.8311.08Americas5.835.755.665.525.335.104.254.835.252.112.602.662.712.802.822.352.572.63Argentina5.175.685.305.335.175.314.915.125.20Bolivia25.4124.9624.9624.6324.7524.0320.8721.5821.45Brazil6.916.767.107.097.086.946.266.877.09Canada2.172.622.852.612.592.712.312.532.64Chile3.953.954.284.314.344.313.564.044.23Colombia5.885.895.415.415.384.874.915.095.11CostaRica158.02167.89156.06140.45118.56102.0784.84101.6399.29Cuba4.594.674.924.564.925.103.924.965.20Curacao5.726.045.685.535.885.684.635.235.31DominicanRepublic2.692.932.922.682.973.432.673.243.34Ecuador1.762.032.062.052.172.332.122.262.29ElSalvador0.590.760.780.770.760.750.710.670.66Guatemala1.992.362.202.051.832.051.801.951.96Haiti6.816.797.296.897.797.914.927.237.49Honduras6.796.096.176.005.555.794.634.775.48Jamaica1.811.972.062.031.831.861.671.861.89Mexico12.2913.2813.6914.6113.8515.1811.6413.6714.57Nicaragua2.282.783.093.453.573.473.143.273.28Panama2.502.802.903.033.013.052.312.872.94Paraguay11.1311.5011.6810.868.987.446.256.466.91Peru22.8522.3322.3222.4022.8822.7420.2022.0122.36TrinidadandTobago5.555.585.455.235.545.755.225.655.97UnitedStates10.028.407.406.775.924.992.742.982.80UruguayVenezuela()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.50EniWorldEnergyReview2023Production/ConsumptionRatioAreasandAggregates()Europe201020152016201720182019202020212022RussiaandCentralAsiaMiddleEast0.280.250.250.240.240.230.280.250.23Africa3.923.313.463.343.393.383.213.083.03Asia-Pacific3.183.263.473.383.463.313.333.213.33Americas2.892.021.922.002.022.041.871.851.70-NorthAmerica0.300.260.240.230.220.210.220.210.20-CentralSouthAmerica0.710.890.870.890.930.981.071.001.030.510.790.760.810.900.991.071.001.04World1.221.161.131.091.030.951.060.991.00EuropeanUnion270.940.960.950.940.950.950.970.920.95MENA0.060.050.050.050.050.040.050.040.04OECD3.052.973.163.133.223.113.063.003.07NONOECD0.410.530.510.530.570.610.680.640.65OPEC1.541.371.381.331.301.251.231.171.21NONOPEC3.893.663.843.833.893.713.623.523.630.620.650.630.630.640.660.700.660.67Production/ConsumptionRatio(2022)acificericatralAsia-PuropeuthAmericaandCenEastAsiaElSorthAmricaRussiaMiddle0.200.23CentraNoAf3.033.331.001.041.70()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND51Production/ConsumptionRatioTheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyProduction/ConsumptionRatio()Kuwait201020152016201720182019202020212022IraqUnitedArabEmirates5.556.917.276.886.967.207.066.497.04SaudiArabia4.306.736.886.626.546.386.705.845.49Russia4.294.083.833.693.854.074.023.663.80Canada3.143.093.193.123.423.283.223.143.34Iran3.673.193.423.243.293.253.102.972.95Brazil1.461.861.872.032.162.272.462.482.52UnitedStates2.281.782.392.492.301.701.671.871.93China0.770.800.870.900.910.941.061.001.020.390.650.630.660.750.840.900.840.870.450.370.330.310.280.280.280.260.28TheWorldTop10(2022)tatesCanadaRussiairatesChinaUnitedSBrazilIranrabiarabEm0.280.871.021.93iAitedAqwaitSaudUnIraKu2.522.953.343.805.497.04()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.52EniWorldEnergyReview2023Production/ConsumptionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe0.280.250.250.240.240.230.280.250.23Albania0.500.880.680.570.590.620.750.570.52Austria0.080.070.060.050.050.050.050.040.04Belarus0.230.240.240.230.220.230.230.220.22Bulgaria0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01Croatia0.230.200.220.200.210.200.210.180.17CzechRepublic0.030.040.030.030.030.020.030.030.02Denmark1.531.030.900.880.730.630.540.490.46Estonia0.380.550.490.610.720.810.820.730.71France0.020.010.020.020.010.020.020.020.02Germany0.030.030.030.030.030.020.030.030.03Greece0.010.000.010.010.010.010.010.010.00Hungary0.170.120.140.130.130.130.120.120.12Italy0.060.100.080.080.090.070.110.090.08Netherlands0.030.040.030.030.020.020.020.020.01Norway9.388.328.908.527.847.279.678.619.99Poland0.040.050.040.040.050.040.040.040.03Romania0.500.420.380.340.340.320.320.300.27Serbia0.210.280.230.230.220.220.230.190.18Slovakia0.040.060.050.070.040.040.040.040.05Spain0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Türkiye0.070.050.050.050.060.060.070.070.07Ukraine0.270.250.210.210.210.230.250.230.07UnitedKingdom0.840.620.640.620.700.740.890.700.61RussiaandCentralAsia201020152016201720182019202020212022Russia3.923.313.463.343.393.383.213.083.03AzerbaijanGeorgia3.673.193.423.243.293.253.102.972.95Kazakhstan14.088.858.637.697.706.966.926.706.17Kyrgyzstan0.040.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.01Tajikistan7.275.264.785.535.946.705.855.685.50Turkmenistan0.030.030.030.030.020.030.030.020.02Uzbekistan0.020.000.000.000.020.020.020.020.011.671.781.661.551.451.471.521.511.470.800.640.560.540.460.430.390.340.46()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-SUPPLYANDDEMAND53Production/ConsumptionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022MiddleEast3.183.263.473.383.463.313.333.213.33BahrainIran3.143.493.543.333.203.253.303.373.26Iraq2.281.782.392.492.301.701.671.871.93Kuwait4.306.736.886.626.546.386.705.845.49Oman5.556.917.276.886.967.207.066.497.04Qatar6.865.345.225.124.234.595.294.044.20SaudiArabia9.646.476.095.305.044.825.985.955.23Syria3.143.093.193.123.423.283.223.143.34UnitedArabEmirates1.250.220.210.200.160.250.350.350.33Yemen4.294.083.833.693.854.074.023.663.802.070.440.280.760.940.940.960.860.80Africa201020152016201720182019202020212022Algeria2.892.021.922.002.022.041.871.851.70AngolaCameroon4.903.563.733.603.463.343.093.023.06Congo18.1911.6612.9114.3013.1911.4113.559.989.86Côted'Ivoire1.882.382.351.991.721.831.981.831.57Dem.Rep.Congo26.0715.6115.5222.1627.5528.2827.5825.0222.39Egypt1.630.580.640.800.630.650.540.500.45Gabon1.381.001.191.331.351.281.171.331.12Ghana0.920.810.800.830.910.971.000.880.78Libya13.1110.449.8713.3612.6614.1714.1612.9712.56Nigeria0.101.240.971.711.752.002.001.621.53SouthAfrica5.472.002.134.284.905.542.185.494.61SouthSudan8.655.414.524.614.454.354.363.503.24Sudan0.240.170.170.160.160.170.160.160.14Tunisia10.5510.5112.2711.1012.2512.6612.7110.854.080.860.590.480.510.490.460.460.442.541.061.040.860.800.620.590.590.53()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.54EniWorldEnergyReview2023Production/ConsumptionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022Asia-Pacific0.300.260.240.230.220.210.220.210.20AustraliaBangladesh0.530.330.310.270.290.390.460.440.38Brunei0.090.060.080.070.060.060.070.050.05China10.577.468.067.546.565.764.591.741.47India0.450.370.330.310.280.280.280.260.28Indonesia0.260.200.190.180.170.160.160.150.14Malaysia0.700.490.540.480.430.420.440.390.36Myanmar1.221.021.041.001.020.890.910.800.72NewZealand0.750.150.120.080.060.050.060.060.06Pakistan0.390.300.240.210.170.160.180.160.13Philippines0.180.190.180.180.230.230.240.200.20SouthKorea0.060.040.030.030.030.020.030.020.02Thailand0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01Vietnam0.340.330.330.320.300.300.300.270.230.780.910.720.610.520.450.460.390.34Americas201020152016201720182019202020212022Argentina0.710.890.870.890.930.981.071.001.03BoliviaBrazil1.120.950.920.890.961.041.161.071.09Canada0.940.990.950.900.810.740.830.750.68Chile0.770.800.870.900.910.941.061.001.02Colombia1.461.861.872.032.162.272.462.482.52Cuba0.040.020.010.020.020.030.030.020.03Ecuador2.963.002.442.492.502.392.442.082.03Guatemala0.300.290.290.290.280.280.270.240.23Mexico2.002.042.172.121.911.982.171.871.78Peru0.160.110.090.100.090.080.080.070.06TrinidadandTobago1.411.291.201.101.100.971.201.181.05UnitedStates0.780.630.540.510.500.510.590.460.43Venezuela3.452.362.062.242.362.652.922.842.660.390.650.630.660.750.840.900.840.873.523.793.903.763.172.482.742.873.51()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesdata.Allrightsreserved.Oil-TradeandPricesREGIONALCRUDEBALANCESCrudeSurplusDeficitbyAreaEXPORTSTheWorldTop10ExportersCountriesIMPORTSTheWorldTop10ImportersCountriesCRUDEFUTUREPRICESANDOPENINTERESTS58EniWorldEnergyReview2023RegionalCrudeBalancesCrudeSurplusDeficitbyArea()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe-9,446-9,670-9,528-9,969-9,721-9,727-7,984-8,367-9,118-751328RussiaandCentralAsia7,1276,7347,0567,1947,2907,3746,6496,6397,022383-105MiddleEast16,01719,27520,54819,93120,17918,80917,38017,25919,7522.4933.735Africa7,2525,8255,3045,7235,8085,9664,7155,1464,979-168-2.273Asia-Pacific-15,923-19,188-20,515-21,658-22,654-23,141-21,849-22,907-23,423-516-7.500Americas-4,639-241-644-3432,5093,8372,6402,8512117.490-NorthAmerica-8,161-4,286-4,695-4,332816-851-528-5267.635-CentralSouthAmerica3,5224,0444,0513,989-2,7093,3603673,1683,3772-1453,5243,470209World3872,7352,2218771,7171,7892,7474112,0631.6521.676CrudeSurplusDeficitbyArea(2021and2022)(millionbarrels/day)20212022NORTHAMERICAEUROPE17.2619.756.647.02-0.53-0.53-8.37-9.12MIDDLEEASTRUSSIAANDC.ASIAASIA-PACIFIC3.173.385.154.98CENTRALSOUTHAMERICAAFRICA-22.91-23.42()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServiceandWoodMackenziedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-TRADEANDPRICES59ExportsTheWorldTop10Exporters()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022SaudiArabia6,6447,1637,4636,9687,3727,0386,6596,2277,36418.2%0.9%Russia4,9124,9375,1055,0925,2465,3984,7394,6995,0958.4%0.3%Canada1,9483,0293,1043,3183,6513,7783,6393,7573,8412.2%5.8%Iraq1,8903,0053,8043,8023,8623,9683,4283,4403,7127.9%5.8%UnitedStates1,1031,9772,9373,1332,9373,55621.1%44.7%UnitedArabEmirates424525142,3792,2962,4142,4182,3052,71717.9%2.2%Kuwait2,1042,4412,4082,0102,0501,9861,8261,7401,8798.0%2.3%Norway1,4301,9642,1281,3481,2431,2221,4921,5491,544-0.3%-0.2%Nigeria1,5861,2231,3631,8111,9792,0081,8791,5921,388-12.8%-4.7%Kazakhstan2,4642,1141,7381,3851,3961,4001,4121,3581,348-0.8%-0.2%1,3861,2551,206RestoftheWorld17,43014,79815,45815,72915,05813,41611,74312,05311,787-2.2%-3.2%World41,83642,38244,29144,94546,13045,56642,36941,65844,2316.2%0.5%TheWorldTop10(2022)ShareofWorldkhstanriaNorwayKuwaitiratesdaiaiArabiaKazaNigerabEmtatesCanaRussSauddAitedSq8.7%11.5%16.6%UniteUnIra3.0%3.1%3.5%4.2%6.1%8.0%8.4%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.60EniWorldEnergyReview2023ExportsCountries()20152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil181691111111015(thousandbarrels/day)3232323333242523000000402010000021110411000000Europe907882564622171100000020Albania97200200251.4%4.4%Belarus023345210-6.5%Belgium021383432-95.3%-19.4%Croatia000601421-56.2%-15.4%CzechRepublic01412151004311Denmark15411111110-32.9%-2.3%France0000000005.0%Germany1467898860-49.4%-12.1%Greece171,2231,3631,3481,2431,2221,4921,5491,544-14.6%-24.3%Hungary054465444222.5%-0.2%Ireland210100000-7.7%-1.2%Italy610100000-100.0%-16.3%Lithuania20016061210-94.3%Moldova0589616686810827721598535-0.3%Netherlands1000200220Norway1,5860.6%Poland418.8%Romania2Slovakia0-10.5%-2.6%Sweden0-95.6%UnitedKingdom733Ukraine0()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.OIL-TRADEANDPRICES61ExportsCountries()20152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil4,9375,1055,0925,2465,3984,7394,6995,095(thousandbarrels/day)6576506106035544974784413000000020101,2551,2061,3851,3961,4001,4121,3581,348RussiaandCentralAsia00011101695034211614195Russia4,9128.4%0.3%Azerbaijan853-7.7%-5.3%Georgia1Kazakhstan-0.8%-0.2%Kyrgyzstan1,386Turkmenistan0-72.2%-12.3%26201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)MiddleEast1511491551521541531491491521.4%0.0%2,2481,0811,9222,1251,85065140476390118.1%-7.3%Bahrain1,8903,0053,8043,8023,8623,9683,4283,4403,7127.9%5.8%Iran1,4301,9642,1282,0102,0501,9861,8261,7401,8798.0%2.3%Iraq8507867928689.6%1.3%Kuwait7458448828067935765435365400.7%-1.5%Oman6505805765275237,0386,6596,2277,36418.2%0.9%Qatar6,6447,1637,4636,9687,372SaudiArabia163000017.9%2.2%Syria2,10400002,4142,4182,3052,717-3.6%-13.2%UnitedArabEmirates1832,4412,4082,3792,296Yemen374035339104234()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.62EniWorldEnergyReview2023ExportsCountries()20152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil642669633571584439446477(thousandbarrels/day)1,7111,6701,5771,4211,3191,2201,0801,0852010848669576573704613011610211512112612887Africa2272542613073092822512432120242323222220Algeria7092472272102031811991991066.9%-3.2%Angola1,71118215812512111011593810.5%-3.7%Cameroon206205188174207196181185-34.1%-1.5%Chad5610485163177203193158159-31.9%-2.8%Congo1232730373035272227-3.1%-1.4%Dem.Rep.Congo2882883507929991,0363471,091920-8.1%-0.8%Egypt220-46.6%-4.6%EquatorialGuinea18855200001-13.0%-7.5%Gabon20600000001,3882.0%-1.6%Ghana2252,1141,7381,8111,9792,0081,8791,59200.1%IvoryCoast000000012822.1%-2.9%Libya01481371471441681561403-15.7%-2.8%Mauritania38101000025Mozambique1,29938373328332529-12.8%-0.2%Nigeria10-4.7%SouthAfrica1SouthSudan2,4641578.8%-33.3%Sudan0-13.4%-8.9%Tunisia038777()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.OIL-TRADEANDPRICES63ExportsCountries()20152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil219198178213246251255241(thousandbarrels/day)116105989210772763957599753163352412010315344281208738812243323334301302251251171170Asia-Pacific222221171811111055663Australia3112326214181313-5.3%-2.1%3930811228100-48.4%-10.5%Brunei1487421199152019-21.2%-3.2%24231313141541-64.6%-15.4%China611615161512121212-0.4%-5.7%1515333114251613-4.9%Indonesia3231311489226926260-44.5%4.9%18416274Malaysia3452.1%-9.9%Mongolia6-3.5%6.7%-64.5%-19.7%Myanmar00.6%2.0%NewZealand47-16.7%-6.3%-3.0%-7.9%Pakistan0PapuaNewGuinea9Philippines19Singapore9Thailand29Vietnam161201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Americas92374529596678609151.5%-0.1%111111111-46.7%-4.1%Argentina411111000Barbados0100000001.7%6.0%Belize6327378471,0421,0781,2281,3711,2521,2732.2%5.8%Bolivia1,9483,0293,1043,3183,6513,7783,6393,7573,841Brazil0000001016.5%0.0%Canada501790626630597573556473503-4.7%-0.8%Chile336412389365355375346322307126.0%-3.2%Colombia1097865437140.8%Ecuador00000073114274-7.3%-3.0%Guatemala1,4461,2351,2651,2521,2711,1891,1901,0811,002-19.1%-0.5%Guyana19822761122184.1%2.6%Mexico45312827225856596221.1%44.7%Peru424525141,1031,9772,9373,1332,9373,556-2.2%-10.1%TrinidadandTobago1,5621,9741,8351,5961,273847487448438UnitedStatesVenezuela()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.64EniWorldEnergyReview2023ImportsTheWorldTop10Importers()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022China4,7676,7287,6418,4129,26310,14110,87010,28710,189-0.9%6.5%UnitedStates9,6907,5077,7927,8057,6546,7035,8246,0436,1932.5%-3.7%India3,3354,1354,3614,4934,6174,6264,0054,3294,7409.5%3.0%SouthKorea2,3552,7552,9053,0123,0062,8962,6422,5882,7335.6%1.2%Japan3,4363,2033,1373,1582,9952,9532,4162,4552,70110.0%-2.0%Germany1,8651,8251,8251,8151,7041,7211,6551,6261,7648.5%-0.5%Spain1,0491,2951,2831,3191,3521,3261,0971,1231,27213.2%1.6%Italy1,5701,2511,2181,3271,2411,2631,0071,1341,24810.0%-1.9%Netherlands1,0231,0461,0831,0811,0861,1421,0501,0641.3%0.3%Thailand9915.8%0.9%849891878927980873881892944RestoftheWorld13,04313,06113,04513,37513,26313,16311,52511,50911,7071.7%-0.9%World42,98143,69745,16946,72447,16046,80842,91243,03744,5563.5%0.3%TheWorldTop10(2022)ShareofWorldndrlandsSpainGermanyJapanKoreatatesThailaNetheItaly2.9%4.0%6.1%SouthIndiadSina2.1%2.4%2.8%6.1%10.6%UniteCh13.9%22.9%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.OIL-TRADEANDPRICES65ImportsCountries()20152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil162147144167172149151103(thousandbarrels/day)4583633633653603193452766426376826606905475745542010191917141221241381180000Europe47515760140988314314310715614941403630Austria13583779694155123137149-32.1%-2.3%Belarus2952032212372361019310489-19.9%-0.5%Belgium6681,1351,0851,1381,051236209159183-3.5%-1.5%Bosnia-Herzegovina231,8251,8251,8151,704967662677816Bulgaria1094424694734871,7211,6551,6261,76471.2%2.3%Croatia72124120119134457455468439-17.6%-7.1%CzechRepublic15573646460122122120120-0.3%Denmark541,2511,2181,3271,241526261638.5%4.2%Finland2151701861961931,2631,0071,1341,248-14.0%-1.4%France1,2831,0461,0831,0811,08619315716016414.6%-3.7%Germany1,8651,1429911,0501,06420.7%-0.5%Greece4030000000.7%Hungary115221136630614808.5%0.3%Ireland61530491493537614984726-6.3%0.2%Italy1,5702822692842525322111875240.0%-1.9%Lithuania1801361541591702251451402012.6%-0.8%Netherlands1,02337455055178525517910.0%0.3%NorthMacedonia1711811711210948113109622.3%-100.0%Norway111,2951,2831,3191,3521031,0971,1231091.3%-5.2%Poland4544023943973981,3263723601,2721.2%Portugal220565957603415646375-87.6%-0.7%Romania120501499515419555876286110.9%3.4%Serbia8477928858836227087206707.5%4.1%Slovakia385101814902253183027.6%0.0%Spain109161013.7%1.6%Sweden1,049-0.1%-0.5%Switzerland39713.2%-3.2%Türkiye904.1%5.8%UnitedKingdom33933.7%-1.1%Ukraine9536.6%-20.2%15515.2%-66.9%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.66EniWorldEnergyReview2023ImportsCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022RussiaandCentralAsiaRussia0580000000GeorgiaKazakhstan031100000KyrgyzstanTajikistan1201010100030.0%-43.4%Uzbekistan04568300000001000013172221241314161813.0%3.1%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)MiddleEast23521621022022022317718021519.5%-0.7%Bahrain13000000000.0%0.7%Iran-0.4%-5.4%Israel221234207234231246222239239-2.3%Jordan-0.1%Syria686858564746413535UnitedArabEmirates011010811114611291918803852684253163187187()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.OIL-TRADEANDPRICES67ImportsCountries()20152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil65553000(thousandbarrels/day)28302011600064119120106226253320171201062954171410623448495851600Africa00000000560000000Algeria62223242215212020399423341411369267211112Cameroon3461814141413910191913113172620Egypt731310101214611-46.5%7.3%Ghana33IvoryCoast59Kenya31Morocco109Senegal13-2.3%3.6%-47.1%-9.8%SouthAfrica38511.1%-25.2%14.5%Sudan0-21.3%-19.0%Tunisia4Zambia13()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.68EniWorldEnergyReview2023ImportsCountries()20152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil222(thousandbarrels/day)3153303312227242010000Asia-Pacific6,7287,6418,4124,1354,3614,493Afghanistan042111-9.1%-8.5%Australia469384415396357325236192162-15.7%-0.3%Bangladesh263,2033,1373,1582224262925-14.1%Brunei291261321416.5%China0171222207010,14110,87010,28710,1896.8%3.0%India4,7671111119,2634,6264,0054,3294,740-0.9%0.3%Indonesia3,3351021061104,6172502232922939.5%-2.0%Japan1771772112,9532,4162,4552,7010.3%4.6%Malaysia28412272835221121111327210.0%0.3%NewZealand3,4362132152122,99511111111140.0%-13.8%NorthKorea9761,0421,1561037968163.4%1.5%Pakistan159343430189137134143163-76.0%-2.9%PapuaNewGuinea112,7552,9053,012112629271414.4%-3.5%Philippines98841859853991669081119-49.1%-0.6%Singapore1368918789271831,07492994983545.8%-1.1%Sri-Lanka2049132637352532-12.0%1.2%SouthKorea1822352,8962,6422,5882,73328.8%-0.6%Taiwan8961,1298897407638145.6%0.9%Thailand36358738818929446.7%Vietnam2,3553,0061582351992025.8%8768801.2%8499800108()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.OIL-TRADEANDPRICES69ImportsCountries()20152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Crudeandnonconventionaloil161522100000(thousandbarrels/day)2981551451861721681401965708068227599227207037422010169169175171183146163145Americas0000016600000000Argentina0786650454339334840.2%-4.4%Brazil339185162876500005.5%-0.3%Canada7701623202524102316-11.1%-0.7%Chile158000000004.6%Colombia2424202127222323-5.0%CostaRica00004000044.2%Cuba10151214131111148-4.2%Curacao8987107128115107426267-29.2%DominicanRepublic8978101886300000.0%ElSalvador277,5077,7927,8057,6546,7035,8246,0436,1931.2%Jamaica154039104239383913-5.0%Mexico233361246671-41.1%-3.0%Nicaragua08.9%Peru15-3.7%TrinidadandTobago972.5%-8.5%UnitedStates68-66.2%19.1%Uruguay9,690Venezuela399()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Data,IEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.70EniWorldEnergyReview2023CrudeFuturePricesandOpenInterests()CrudeFuturePrices(US$/barrel)∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)201020152016201720182019202020212022ICEBrent80.353.645.154.771.764.243.270.999.039.6%1.8%CMEWTI79.648.843.550.964.957.039.368.194.338.5%1.4%TotalOpenInterests(no.contracts-dailytotals)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)ICEBrent813,4451,922,2432,195,0652,401,0962,369,5292,379,0962,544,0982,418,5891,934,904-20.0%7.5%CMEWTI1,341,5311,679,7101,818,9252,282,4252,378,0262,077,1092,126,7382,265,9071,677,461-26.0%1.9%ICEBrentPrice1Month()WTIvsBrent1MonthDifferential()(US$/barrel)(US$/barrel)120.00.0100.0-5.080.0-10.060.0-15.040.0-20.020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022ICEBrentTotalOpenInterests()CMEWTITotalOpenInterests()(no.contracts-dailytotals)(no.contracts-dailytotals)3,000,0003,000,0002,400,0002,400,0001,800,0001,800,0001,200,0001,200,000600,000600,00020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022()Datasource:ICELondonandCMENewYork.Oil-ProductionQualityWORLDCrudeProductionbyQualityCrudeProductionbyGravityCrudeProductionbySulphurContentQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudesEUROPECrudeProductionbyQualityQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudesCountriesRUSSIAANDCENTRALASIACrudeProductionbyQualityQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudesCountriesMIDDLEEASTCrudeProductionbyQualityQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudesCountriesAFRICACrudeProductionbyQualityQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudesCountriesASIA-PACIFICCrudeProductionbyQualityQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudesCountriesAMERICASCrudeProductionbyQualityQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudesCountries74EniWorldEnergyReview2023WorldCrudeProductionbyQuality(GravityandSulphurContent)()(thousandbarrels/day)Shareoftotal20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022World(A)74,22780,68180,55980,61782,37282,19475,81176,79080,515UltraLight2,3452,8252,7942,7452,7522,7672,6682,6282,5633.2%3.2%Light&Sweet13,43715,08714,55314,80416,84518,11616,29216,38516,44718.1%20.4%Light&MediumSour3,6423,7363,5983,8133,8893,8143,3353,2643,6204.9%4.5%Light&Sour2,3302,7792,7802,7992,9533,2023,0513,0953,3453.1%4.2%Medium&Sweet8,4389,2028,4058,6908,2588,6718,6878,7158,69611.4%10.8%Medium&MediumSour2,9203,4003,4243,5153,9184,2614,5704,6324,8973.9%6.1%Medium&Sour30,30032,33333,72533,17832,80731,08627,82628,39130,56640.8%38.0%Heavy&Sweet1,0432.1%1.2%Heavy&MediumSour1,5271,1311,1701,0471,0751,0811,0481,5779993.1%2.2%Heavy&Sour2,2842,3982,2752,2252,1471,7021,5886,5261,7497.8%8.9%Unassignedproduction:(B)5,7937,1227,2277,2087,1426,9236,2107,1381.6%0.6%%Unassignedproduction(B/A)1,2115336686095955885725370,74931,60,80,80,70,70,70,70,6CrudeProductionbyGravity()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102022201020152016201720182019202020212022World74,22780,68180,55980,61782,37282,19475,81176,79080,515Light21,75424,42723,72424,16126,43827,90025,34525,37225,97629.3%32.3%Medium41,65844,93545,55445,38344,98244,01741,08341,73944,16056.1%54.8%Heavy9,60410,65110,67210,47910,3639,7058,8469,1459,88712.9%12.3%Unassignedproduction1,2111.6%0.6%668609595588572537533493CrudeProductionbySulphurContent()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102022201020152016201720182019202020212022World74,22780,68180,55980,61782,37282,19475,81176,79080,515Sweet25,74628,24526,92127,28628,92930,63628,69528,77128,70534.7%35.7%MediumSour8,8469,5349,2969,5539,9549,7769,4929,47310,26611.9%12.8%Sour38,42442,23443,73243,18442,90141,21137,08638,01241,05051.8%51.0%Unassignedproduction1,2111.6%0.6%668609595588572537533493()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY75WorldQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudes2022()(thousandbarrels/day)50WLMiddleEastAmericas45EFCPRussia&CentralAsiaEurope$Asia-PacificWT0S(HAfricaFTTPBKNK40EK&'MUAEGOJU8'ESCHAZ35EV+,0T/LEPZU"/ALMNWSBHSNCBAN6IL/AMBLKWDQIS30DCLLUUULMRKBAPIdegreeULIHBMGRAH"DSSG25BHDADRMY20PG1510CL=500thousandbarrels/day5-0.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.5Sulphurcontent(%)ACAlgerianC.te(Algeria)CHChangqing(China)EVEscravos(Nigeria)MUMurban(U.A.E.)AEArabExtraL.(SaudiArabia)CLColdLake(Canada)FTForties(U.K.)MYMaya(Mexico)AHArabHeavy(SaudiArabia)CPCPCBlend(Kazakh-Russia)GOGoliat(Norway)NKN'Kossa(Congo)ALArabLight(SaudiArabia)DADalia(Angola)GRGrane(Norway)PGPengLai(China)AMArabMedium(SaudiArabia)DCDUCBlend(Denmark)IHIranHeavy(Iran)SGShengli(China)ANAlaskanNth.Sl.(U.S.A.)DQDaquing(China)ILIranLight(Iran)SHSaharanB.(Algeria)AZAzeriLight(Azerbaijan)DRDuri(Indonesia)ISIsthmus(Mexico)SNSyncrude(Canada)BHBachHo(Vietnam)DSDarBlend(Sudan)JUJubilee(Ghana)TLTroll(Norway)BHBasrahHeavy(Iraq)EFEagleFord(U.S.A.)KBKirkukBlend(Iraq)TPTapis(Malaysia)BKBakkenBlend(U.S.A.)EKEkofisk(U.K.,Norway)KWKuwait(Kuwait)ULUrals(Russia)BLBasrahLight(Iraq)ELElSharara(Libya)LULula(Brazil)WLWestTexasLight(USA)BMBasrahMedium(Iraq)EPEspo(Russia)MNMinas(Indonesia)WTWestTexasInt.(U.S.A.)CBCabinda(Angola)ESEsSider(Libya)MRMars(U.S.A.)ZUUpperZakum(U.A.E.)76EniWorldEnergyReview2023WorldCrudeProductionbyQuality()(thousandbarrels/day)90,00080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,0000200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222005Heavy&SourHeavy&SweetMedium&SweetMedium&SourLight&SourLight&SweetCrudeProductionbyQuality()(selectedyears,thousandbarrels/day)40,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,0000Light&SourMedium&SweetMedium&SourHeavy&SweetHeavy&SourLight&Sweet200520102022()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY77EuropeCrudeProductionbyQuality()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Europe(A)3.8623.1623.1733.1103.1023.0453.2473.1262.9111,9%0,7%43,2%36,8%UltraLight72483633313025152116,7%9,6%Light&Sweet1.6701.3861.3541.1881.1911.1301.1301.0891.0711,8%1,6%Light&MediumSour14,3%7,0%Light&Sour6465125245415345224653712802,2%27,4%Medium&Sweet6877516275635852470,8%0,0%Medium&MediumSour5534454934874103422832492032,2%4,6%Medium&Sour86797572713937177907987,1%2,4%Heavy&Sweet291560000001,5%1,3%Heavy&MediumSour853943691321581491401348,3%8,6%Heavy&Sour27619924933232580757669Unassignedproduction:(B)574039323229575438%Unassignedproduction(B/A)3193223042943012982902912508,310,29,69,49,79,88,99,38,6QualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudes2022()(thousandbarrels/day)5045AGSFFT40GOVAFUBBGLOSFLAPIdegree35TLEKAV30DCFOGR25HR20CTAB15-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.2Sulphurcontent(%)=50thousandbarrels/dayABAlba(U.K.)DCDUCBlend(Denmark)FUFulmar(U.K.)OSOseberg(Norway)AGAsgard(Norway)EKEkofisk(U.K.,Norway)GOGoliat(Norway)SFStatfjord(U.K.,Norway)AVAlvheimblend(Norway)FLFlotta(U.K.)GLGullfaks(Norway)TLTroll(Norway)BBBrentBlend(U.K.)FOFoinaven(U.K.)GRGrane(Norway)VAVald'AgriBlend(Italy)CTCaptain(U.K.)FTForties(U.K.)HRHeidrun(Norway)()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.()Datasource:Eni.78EniWorldEnergyReview2023EuropeCrudeProductionbyQuality()(thousandbarrels/day)6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222005Heavy&SourHeavy&SweetMedium&SweetMedium&SourLight&SourLight&SweetCrudeProductionbyQuality()(selectedyears,thousandbarrels/day)3,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005000Light&SourMedium&SweetMedium&SourHeavy&SweetHeavy&SourLight&Sweet200520102022()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY79EuropeShareoftotalCountries()20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022(thousandbarrels/day)2551561411371141017166659.5%3.1%249975433290.5%96.9%Denmark23197686363Light&Sweet147132130109Medium&SweetShareoftotalItalyLight&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Light&SourMedium&Sour961007178907810297846.4%0.2%Heavy&Sour61000000071.3%56.5%687751627563585247NorwayUltraLight21232016141444453622.3%43.2%Light&SweetLight&MediumSourShareoftotalMedium&SweetMedium&MediumSour20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Medium&Sour1,6171,515Heavy&MediumSour1,8711,6101,6481,4581,7511,8001,7093.9%1.2%333166.4%44.6%Romania724836944898302515211.6%0.1%Medium&MediumSour1,2421,1051,0481181682282476314.7%7.9%326843.1%UnitedKingdom31141427855331.6%Light&Sweet27526631930423220117813611.9%2.9%Light&MediumSour300323649724737Medium&Sweet29156Medium&Sour22216222552495550Heavy&SweetHeavy&MediumSourShareoftotalHeavy&Sour20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022867975727170686661867975727170686661100.0%100.0%Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020221,2358949349121,0121,04196580774432.2%41.2%49.8%37.3%3982722962382873093042623073.8%0.6%616499510530526517460367277473141302414136.8%18.1%744.4%2.6%2.9%0.3%8539436913215814914013454362429262826202036181916181513102()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.80EniWorldEnergyReview2023RussiaandCentralAsiaCrudeProductionbyQuality()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022RussiaandCentralAsia(A)13,16213,58313,75713,89114,15414,22113,07013,33513,487UltraLight2502862863052982762862762281.9%1.7%Light&Sweet1,4551,0991,1191,0841,1321,1001,0291,02482411.1%6.1%Light&MediumSour1,0481,2781,2501,4231,5711,6591,5201,5921,5858.0%11.8%Light&Sour0.3%Medium&Sweet45202122292492422202323.0%1.7%Medium&MediumSour3932972542432341,6631,6671,6751,8804.7%13.9%Medium&Sour6171,3011,3131,4041,5899,2738,3258,5458,73671.1%64.8%Heavy&Sweet9,3529,3019,5139,4089,300Heavy&MediumSourHeavy&Sour2.01.71.61.41.81.61.61.51.40.0%0.0%Unassignedproduction(B)%Unassignedproduction(B/A)0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY81RussiaandCentralAsia2.0QualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudes2022()(thousandbarrels/day)50APIdegree45CPEPSKCH40SOAZ35TB30UL1.5250.00.51.0Sulphurcontent(%)=500thousandbarrels/dayAZAzeriLight(Azerbaijan)SKSakhalinBlend(Russia)CHCheleken(Turkmenistan)SOSokolCPCPCBlend(Kazakh-Russia)TBTurkmenistanBlend(Turkmenistan)EPEspo(Russia)ULUrals(Russia)()Datasource:Eni.82EniWorldEnergyReview2023RussiaandCentralAsiaCrudeProductionbyQuality()(thousandbarrels/day)15,00012,0009,0006,0003,0000200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222005Medium&SweetMedium&SourLight&SourLight&SweetCrudeProductionbyQuality()(selectedyears,thousandbarrels/day)12,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,0000Light&SourMedium&SweetMedium&SourLight&Sweet200520102022()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY83RussiaandCentralAsiaCountries()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Russia10,13910,71910,96410,98011,16111,25110,26910,52410,740Light&SweetLight&MediumSour2672792983123553623453181652.6%1.5%Medium&Sweet136103761201471611571661411.3%1.3%Medium&MediumSour961.0%Medium&Sour3181,0691,1041,1641,3731,4631,4551,5021,7003.1%15.8%9,3229,2699,4869,3849,2869,2658,3128,5388,73491.9%81.3%AzerbaijanLight&SweetShareoftotalMedium&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022KazakhstanUltraLight1,04184882878379276469870367186.4%81.9%Light&Sweet90071070366066863957559055013.6%18.1%Light&MediumSour141139125123125125123112121Medium&MediumSourShareoftotalTurkmenistanLight&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Medium&Sweet1,6941,6691,8481,9371,9421,8361,8461,8201,69414.8%12.5%Uzbekistan28628630529827628627622813.8%Light&MediumSour25053.8%77.6%Light&Sour2331,1751,1741,3031,4231,4661,3381,3961,41217.6%9.9%Medium&Sour912233209240216200212174180299Shareoftotal2010201520162017201820192020202120222010202221126824723221922322722422026.1%49.6%551101181121109910811610973.9%50.4%156158129120109124119108111Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020227552484643403836343225293260.4%93.2%452021222939.6%6.8%303227241481372()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.84EniWorldEnergyReview2023MiddleEastCrudeProductionbyQuality()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022MiddleEast21,83125,32926,91526,42426,78125,36423,02323,31526,179UltraLight5597057057017016366716896962.6%2.7%Light&Sweet2321401321201992082362483301.1%1.3%Light&MediumSour1,5241,6431,5271,5751,5121,3811,0989871,3077.0%5.0%Light&Sour2,1492,6262,6872,6972,8313,1232,9793,0303,2849.8%12.5%Medium&SweetMedium&MediumSour108423330532223250.5%0.1%Medium&Sour16,66719,04020,36019,70819,84518,29316,60216,84818,68776.3%71.4%Heavy&SweetHeavy&MediumSour5921,1711,5021,5901,6631,6701,4151,4901,8502.7%7.1%Heavy&Sour()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY85MiddleEastQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudes2022()(thousandbarrels/day)52ASKL4844MA40APIdegree36MUDK32SYAE2824QMLV20SRZU-0.5MSILBLOMALAMFBKWKBDUIHAQAUBMAHBHNOSO0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5Sulphurcontent(%)=1,000thousandbarrels/dayAUAbuSafah(Bahrain)DUDubai(U.A.E.)MSMasila(Yemen)AEArabExtraLight(SaudiArabia)DKDukham(Qatar)MUMurban(U.A.E.)AHArabHeavy(SaudiArabia)FBForoozanBlend(Iran)NONowrooz(Iran)ALArabLight(SaudiArabia)IHIranHeavy(Iran)OMOman(Oman)AMArabMedium(SaudiArabia)ILIranLight(Iran)QMQatarMarine(Qatar)AQAlShaheen(Qatar)KBKirkukBlend(Iraq)SYSyrianLight(Syria)ASArabSuperLight(SaudiArabia)KWKuwait(Kuwait)SOSouedieh(Syria)BLBasrahLight(Iraq)KLKuwaitSuperLight(Kuwait)SRSirri(Iran)BMBasrahMedium(Iraq)LVLavanBlend(Iran)ZUUpperZakum(U.A.E.)BHBasrahHeavy(Iraq)MAMarib(Yemen)()Datasource:Eni.86EniWorldEnergyReview2023MiddleEastCrudeProductionbyQuality()(thousandbarrels/day)30,00024,00018,00012,0006,0000200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222005Light&SweetLight&SourMedium&SourHeavy&SourCrudeProductionbyQuality()(selectedyears,thousandbarrels/day)20,00015,00010,0005,0000Light&SourMedium&SourHeavy&SourLight&Sweet200520102022()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY87MiddleEastCountries()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022182202202200197197171175188Bahrain182202202200197197171175188100.0%100.0%Medium&SourShareoftotalIranLight&Sour20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Medium&Sour3,7052,8463,552Heavy&Sour3,8123,5782,3591,9972,4202,54696.0%2.6%3,5582,7293,4324.0%92.4%Iraq1471181206372777571665.0%Medium&Sour3,6243,3782,1531,7912,2182,352Heavy&Sour125129129131131129KuwaitLight&SweetShareoftotalMedium&SourHeavy&Sour201020152016201720182019202020212022201020222,364Oman2,3644,0024,4184,4734,5684,7124,0494,0324,446100.0%64.5%Medium&Sour3,0253,0503,0233,0403,1832,8572,7792,86635.5%1,3681,4501,5281,5291,1921,2531,579Qatar978UltraLightLight&SourShareoftotalMedium&Sour201020152016201720182019202020212022201020222,2982,7872,8842,7072,7452,6822,4142,4152,69693.9%7.5%2,1572,7512,8842,70753936.1%90.3%140351211472022.2%2,6922,5882,2582,2262,435354260Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020228659821,0049719789719499711,0648659821,0049719789719499711,064100.0%100.0%Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020221,2971,3561,3551,3101,3081,2311,2741,3031,30643.1%53.3%48.3%39.6%5597057057017016366716896968.6%7.1%62755352151851650651252251711198129929290919393()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.88EniWorldEnergyReview2023MiddleEastCountries()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022SaudiArabia8,17710,16010,4169,95810,3269,9439,2109,15210,528Light&SweetLight&Sour5611511810910910076691000.7%0.9%Medium&Sour1,1011,3311,3971,4591,5261,5981,5151,5351,64113.5%15.6%Heavy&Sour6,8798,6778,9028,3908,6918,2457,5847,5058,72784.1%82.9%1.7%0.6%Syria14035354260Light&MediumSourHeavy&SourShareoftotalUnitedArabEmirates20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Light&MediumSourLight&Sour350191717162533333352.9%31.8%Medium&MediumSour185143291211111047.1%68.2%Medium&Sour16551415712222222YemenShareoftotalLight&SweetMedium&MediumSour201020152016201720182019202020212022201020222,3112,9463,0502,9322,9983,1772,8652,7593,31957.9%39.1%1,3391,6291,5241,5741,5031,3691,0879761,29718.2%32.0%9011,06142174276965871894287723.9%29.0%551576757701777866901881961Shareoftotal20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022284281644676760555361.9%53.1%176251411361439322838.1%46.9%10842333053222325()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY89AfricaCrudeProductionbyQuality()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Africa(A)9,8938,0867,5627,9308,0298,1636,8037,1256,8546.0%7.9%48.3%48.9%UltraLight5895815835695565525275315380.7%0.8%Light&Sweet4,7833,6123,3603,3893,7323,9663,1613,5703,3490.3%0.2%Light&MediumSour23.8%21.7%Light&Sour67247192145743521.8%5.2%Medium&Sweet332,403211818161314146.8%11.1%Medium&MediumSour2,3532,2352,3481,9491,8621,7001,5391,4854.9%2.0%Medium&Sour1773242872454824244193753550.5%1.3%Heavy&Sweet6775325958918309016407497621.3%0.9%Heavy&MediumSour4823162741751821781531441355.6%0.2%Heavy&Sour52179177182173133998189Unassignedproduction(B)13192726969696761%unassignedproduction(B/A)5492321211716151313600000000()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.90EniWorldEnergyReview2023AfricaQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudes2022()(thousandbarrels/day)7263ACAPIdegree54AKSH4536MHEBWD2718NK-0.5RESIJUESNBKBKOUSSZCBEVGSKZHBBEZPDJDBDSBADA0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0Sulphurcontent(%)=100thousandbarrels/dayACAlgerianCondensate(Algeria)ELElSharara(Libya)NBNileBlend(Sudan)AKAgbami-Ekoli(Nigeria)ESEsSider(Libya)NKN’Kossa(Congo)BABaobab(Costad’Avorio)EVEscravos(Nigeria)PZPazflor(Angola)BEBelayimBlend(Egypt)FDForcados(Nigeria)QIQuaIboe(Nigeria)BNBonnyLight(Nigeria)GPGreaterPlutonio(Angola)RERabiLight(Gabon)BSNigerianBrassRiver(Nigeria)GSGirassol(Angola)SHSaharanBlend(Algeria)CBCabinda(Angola)HBHungoBlend(Angola)SISarir(Libya)DADaliaCamelia(Angola)JUJubilee(Ghana)STSaturno(Angola)DBDobaBlend(Chad)KOKoleBlend(Cameroon)SZSuezBlend(Egypt)DJDjeno(Congo)KZKissanjeBlend(Angola)USUsan(Nigeria)DSDarBlend(Sudan)MHMellitah(Libya)WDWesternDesert(Egypt)EBElBorma(Tunisia)NENemba(Nigeria)ZFZafiro(EquatorialGuinea)()Datasource:Eni.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY91AfricaCrudeProductionbyQuality()(thousandbarrels/day)10,0007,5005,0002,5000200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222005Heavy&SourHeavy&SweetMedium&SweetMedium&SourLight&SourLight&SweetCrudeProductionbyQuality()(selectedyears,thousandbarrels/day)6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000Light&SourMedium&SweetMedium&SourHeavy&SweetHeavy&SourLight&Sweet200520102022()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.92EniWorldEnergyReview2023AfricaShareoftotalCountries()20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022(thousandbarrels/day)1,7201,5901,6051,5301,5121,4901,3461,3621,47029.9%31.2%51548149448347046644845145970.1%68.8%Algeria898911UltraLight1,2051,1091,1111,0471,0421,0231,011Light&SweetShareoftotalAngolaLight&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Medium&SweetMedium&MediumSour1,4241,7601,7081,6421,4911,3891,2701,1241,14025.0%6.6%Heavy&Sweet59.8%63.3%Heavy&MediumSour3562482452031691431351257511.6%22.3%8511,0121,0221,035924783699628721Cameroon1652253293382902553.7%7.8%Medium&Sweet321264223Heavy&Sweet52179177182173133998189ChadHeavy&SweetShareoftotalCongo20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Light&SweetMedium&Sweet64939276697173686157.0%52.9%Medium&MediumSour36615443384046403243.0%47.1%283138333132272829Coted’IvoireMedium&SweetShareoftotalHeavy&Sweet2010201520162017201820192020202120222010202212013912911212811810696871201391291121281181069687100.0%100.0%Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020223243322972682623062272102598725923620117729.1%67.7%8951627470.9%32.3%21717614818523774616785Shareoftotal2010201520162017201820192020202120222010202239263240333628282741.0%28.0%1614161010888759.0%72.0%231216302328202019()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY93AfricaShareoftotalCountries()20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022222119242323222120(thousandbarrels/day)222119242323222120100.0%100.0%Dem.Rep.CongoShareoftotalMedium&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022EgyptLight&Sweet66466062960561760158756156830.4%5.0%Medium&Sour21949.9%84.3%Heavy&Sour20223441031384039302819.7%10.8%331335502510492478463478EquatoriaGuinea13192726969696761UltraLightLight&SweetShareoftotalMedium&SweetMedium&MediumSour20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022101276231212208196190180162Gabon741009086868679808073.8%49.2%Light&SweetMedium&Sweet261761221081069395857026.2%43.0%Medium&Sour7.8%20181617171413GhanaLight&SweetShareoftotalMedium&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Libya230227200190Light&Sweet24921219818218832.4%32.2%Light&MediumSour13213312011635.3%29.0%Medium&Sour81989481746864586132.3%38.8%88625853558082777073Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020227106710692157177206194164159100.0%86.1%7810111214514513113613.9%14566561493322Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020224021,5503073918279711,0873541,14699578.5%74.1%4.3%5.2%1,2179529850470871926689273717.1%20.7%677192145743522658630524332381211206()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.94EniWorldEnergyReview2023AfricaShareoftotalCountries()20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022(thousandbarrels/day)2,5352,2311,9131,9702,0152,1081,8641,6661,47062.8%75.8%1,5391,3321,4161,5621,5561,3661,2091,11434.8%24.2%Nigeria1,592Light&Sweet882692581554453552497457356Medium&Sweet60Heavy&SweetShareoftotalSudanMedium&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Heavy&Sweet21521624122621420146525321821521624122621420146.0%100.0%Tunisia21411912654.0%Light&Sweet25113492Light&SourMedium&MediumSourShareoftotalMedium&Sour2010201520162017201820192020202120222010202279494640383633343243.2%32.6%41.5%43.7%34181614131212131115.3%10.3%33242118181613141413.4%123444344345444444()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY95Asia-PacificCrudeProductionbyQuality()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)201020152016201720182019202020212022201020227.3757.1066.9236.9296.7666.7026.654Asia-Pacific(A)7.8367.7299,0%7,5%70954551452956061755154449630,3%29,6%UltraLight2.7162.6662.6392.5782.3822.0831.9690,5%Light&Sweet2.3762.2810,4%Light&MediumSour2.91624233130313143,4%47,0%Light&Sour35324807,1%6,7%Medium&Sweet3.3983.698862.7412.5972.6192.7082.9533.1280,7%0,9%Medium&MediumSour6124724714534534504478,4%7,3%Medium&Sour554547595856565758Heavy&Sweet566252568531535545546488Heavy&MediumSour6595091Heavy&Sour484542413937Unassignedproduction(B)49541111110,6%0,6%%Unassignedproduction(B/A)11()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.96EniWorldEnergyReview2023Asia-PacificQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudes2022()(thousandbarrels/day)60BTGP50UECKTPKUAPIdegree40BUSUYALBBHCHPAMNMI30DQCKXJSG20DRPGLIPY10-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9Sulphurcontent(%)=100thousandBHBachHo(Vietnam)DRDuri(Indonesia)PGPengLai(China)BTBintuluCondensate(Malaysia)GPGippsland(Australia)PYPyrenees(Australia)BUBruneiLight(Brunei)KUKutubuBlend(PapuaN.G.)SGShengli(China)CECepu(Indonesia)LBLabuan(Malaysia)SUSuTuDen(Vietnam)CHChangqing(China)LILiaohe(China)TPTapis(Malaysia)CKCossack(Australia)MIMiri(Malaysia)XJXinjang(China)CMChampion(Brunei)MNMinas(Indonesia)YAYanchang(China)DQDaquing(China)PAPanyu(China)UEUEPL(Pakistan)()Datasource:Eni.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY97Asia-PacificCrudeProductionbyQuality()(thousandbarrels/day)8,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222005Heavy&SourHeavy&SweetMedium&SweetMedium&SourLight&SourLight&SweetCrudeProductionbyQuality()(selectedyears,thousandbarrels/day)3,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005000Light&SourMedium&SweetMedium&SourHeavy&SweetLight&Sweet202220052010()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.98EniWorldEnergyReview2023Asia-PacificCountries()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Australia47932229026328436135133531146.1%65.7%UltraLight25.3%18.4%Light&Sweet22115516715619925724324220428.6%15.8%Heavy&Sweet1217850485160523457Heavy&MediumSour1378973593444575849BruneiShareoftotalUltraLightLight&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Medium&SweetHeavy&Sweet169127121113111121110108939.5%8.4%65.9%50.7%China161112131211108824.6%40.9%Light&Sweet1111919531874656247Light&MediumSour429690478235363838Light&SourMedium&SweetShareoftotalMedium&MediumSourMedium&Sour20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Heavy&Sweet3,9104,0204,2223,7883,7163,7683,8323,9314,0377.9%14.5%EastTimor7110.8%Ultralight3182737057908127566015850.9%2,22124233130313168.6%62.5%India353248013.8%11.1%Light&Sweet2,7593,040862,1181,9631,9952,1112,3652,5241.4%1.4%Medium&Sweet4124724714534534504477.4%9.7%Heavy&Sweet5545475958565657585662409411422425428392298269Shareoftotal20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022884530211523141414884530211523141414100.0%100.0%Shareoftotal2010201520162017201820192020202120222010202275576473773771267063061560387.1%86.1%12.6%13.7%6576766516476235855495345190.3%0.2%958785898984808183311111111()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY99Asia-PacificCountries()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Indonesia94577683179577074570865960918.7%12.2%UltraLight40.8%28.5%Light&Sweet17712810596959184807417.0%51.7%Medium&Sweet38632033231229724222318217323.4%7.7%Heavy&Sweet161178269289293345338338315221150126988668635947MalaysiaUltraLightShareoftotalLight&SweetMedium&Sweet20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022NewZealand63865466766065360454150650115.4%20.7%Light&Sweet60.8%65.6%Medium&Sweet987065106112103838810423.8%13.7%3885095575185104724293853291527545363130293269Shareoftotal2010201520162017201820192020202120222010202255413531242421181670.1%72.3%38292523181815131129.9%27.7%16129866554Shareoftotal20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022658688898886848280Pakistan658688898886848280100.0%100.0%Light&SweetShareoftotal20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022PapuaNewGuinea32585650363539373665.2%83.6%21404138282932313034.8%16.4%UltraLight1117151286766Light&SweetShareoftotal20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Thailand24224825824022822820217714336.6%42.9%899695999910285806263.4%57.1%UltraLight1531521631411291261179882Light&SweetShareoftotal20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Vietnam29933230127124122119318117642.3%45.5%1261231051161089784868057.7%54.5%Light&Sweet1732091961541331241089596Medium&Sweet()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.100EniWorldEnergyReview2023AmericasCrudeProductionbyQuality()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Americas(A)17,64422,79321,77722,15723,38124,47222,90223,18524,429UltraLight1666606706086076576075735830.9%2.4%Light&Sweet2,9216,5695,8716,3577,9529,1358,3558,3718,90316.6%36.4%Light&MediumSour2.0%1.5%Light&Sour357303289231228176215240366Medium&Sweet9.9%14.9%Medium&MediumSour1,7402,3592,5082,8703,0673,5993,7553,7553,6487.8%5.7%Medium&Sour1,3791,1451,2671,2901,2751,2751,2921,3191,39219.9%9.5%Heavy&Sweet3,5193,3833,1663,1102,7742,5622,2032,1922,3231.7%1.0%Heavy&MediumSour11.1%6.5%Heavy&Sour30226724123623021120221324128.4%21.2%Unassignedproduction(B)1,9552,0201,8481,7101,6491,4881,4151,4201,5901.7%0.8%%Unassignedproduction(B/A)5,0135,8205,6865,5145,3775,1554,6684,9145,189292267231231224214191188192211111111()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY101AmericasQualityandProductionVolumeofMainCrudes2022()(thousandbarrels/day)5550WLEFMB45WTNI40NIOKBKLLOLWS35MDAPIdegreeSNLULZANIS30SPROMEMR25CSVSHAECOR20MLCABRMYNAMV15KRRUPR10CL5-1.5-0.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.5Sulphurcontent(%)=100thousandbarrels/dayANAlaskanNorthSlope(U.S.A.)LLLousianaLightSweet(U.S.A.)OROriente(Ecuador)BKBakkenBlend(U.S.A.)LULula(Brazil)PEPetrocedeno(Venezuela)BRBowRiver(Canada)MBMixedBlendSweet(Canada)PRPeregrino(Brazil)CACastilla(Colombia)MDMedanito(Argentina)PPPetrozuata(Venezuela)CLColdLake(Canada)MEMesa(Venezuela)RORoncador(Brazil)CNCerroNegro(Venezuela)MLMarlim(Brazil)RURubiales(Colombia)CSCanadonSeco(Argentina)MRMars(U.S.A.)SPSapinhoa(Brazil)ECEscalante(Argentina)MVMerey(Venezuela)VSVasconia(Colombia)EFEagleFord(U.S.A.)MYMaya(Mexico)WLWestTexasLight(USA)HAHamaca(Venezuela)NANapo(Ecuador)WSWestTexasSour(U.S.A.)SNSyncrude(Canada)NINiobrara(U.S.A.)WTWestTexasInt.(U.S.A.)ISIsthmus(Mexico)OKOklahomasweet(U.S.A.)LZLiza(Guyana)KRKernRiver(U.S.A.)OLOlmeca(Mexico)()Datasource:Eni.102EniWorldEnergyReview2023AmericasCrudeProductionbyQuality()(thousandbarrels/day)30,00024,00018,00012,0006,0000200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222005Heavy&SourHeavy&SweetMedium&SweetMedium&SourLight&SourLight&SweetCrudeProductionbyQuality()(selectedyears,thousandbarrels/day)10,000Light&SourMedium&SweetMedium&SourHeavy&SweetHeavy&Sour9,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000Light&Sweet200520102022()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.OIL-PRODUCTIONQUALITY103AmericasCountries()Shareoftotal(thousandbarrels/day)20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022589Argentina225325114804895094805135823.7%4.5%Ultralight8514.5%14.3%Light&Sweet212222232626282640.6%Medium&Sweet256777369707268738338.5%7.1%Medium&MediumSour227212735559211416023733.4%Heavy&Sweet2101931711551491138241205196183187169159170195Shareoftotal20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Brazil2,0632,4512,5252,6382,5992,7882,9372,9053,0211.8%2.3%282.6%Light&Sweet466433801312.8%28.0%Light&MediumSour36262320201916151,6463.6%Medium&Sweet965678141,0481,1781,5141,7601,73176.0%8.0%Medium&MediumSour2641641541421241911811691631.0%190.7%Heavy&Sweet756245524342424347Heavy&MediumSour1,5681,5431,4121,2951,1609499019321,1117.3%Heavy&Sour208271757170281542Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020222,8503,8283,823Canada4,1514,5044,6494,4004,6164,72223.8%12.1%67866957436.7%29.8%Light&Sweet1,0471,1971,1935866406395515375691.3%Medium&Sweet1,3331,3991,5251,5071,5231,40839.5%3.0%Medium&MediumSour1,12512716953.9%Heavy&MediumSour1761441331189960Heavy&Sour1,8361,8872621121411391392,2592,2402,0832,3182,5462,054Memo:Syncrudeproduction9261,1511,1521,2901,3741,5081,4821,5031,39232.5%293.0%isincludedinMedium&Sweet6971,4061,4851,6481,8561,8371,7181,9212,10724.4%374.4%Memo:bitumenproductionisincludedinHeavy&SourShareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020227861.006898854865886781737754Colombia1554322112.0%0.1%111514.2%Light&Sweet83736968696261668.7%Medium&Sweet38743641342742737235034049.3%45.1%Medium&MediumSour27247738436736838734532434834.6%46.1%Heavy&MediumSour440Heavy&Sour()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.104EniWorldEnergyReview2023AmericasShareoftotalCountries()2010201520162017201820192020202120222010202200000170110274(thousandbarrels/day)170110274100.0%GuyanaMedium&MediumSourShareoftotalEcuador20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022Heavy&Sour466541549531517531479472461466541549531517531479472461100.0%100.0%MexicoLight&MediumSourShareoftotalMedium&SourHeavy&Sour20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022UnitedStates2.5782.2672.1541.9481.8311.7051.7161.7801.83612.4%19.2%Ultralight30.7%28.3%Light&Sweet32127726621020715819922635356.8%52.5%Medium&Sweet793838785689552484472539519Medium&MediumSour1.4651.1521.1031.0491.0721.0641.0461.016965Medium&SourHeavy&SourShareoftotalVenezuela20102015201620172018201920202021202220102022UltralightMedium&Sweet5.4849.4428.8479.35910.95312.31511.31811.25411.884Medium&MediumSourMedium&Sour495465635395846315815455570.9%4.7%Heavy&Sour2.1385.8125.2125.6947.2358.4187.7267.7598.25039.0%69.4%6.8%3.0%37138237636337343237334035915.7%6.3%85964467873269567870774475127.3%13.5%1.4981.5081.4991.5301.6261.7271.5411.4791.60710.4%3.0%569549518501439429388386360Shareoftotal201020152016201720182019202020212022201020222.5352.4602.2391.9661.3988745296117023.8%5.3%9694864861364054374.5%28.1%1141099891905319017519766.6%59635229938346848.4%1.2281.03788189165143343.3%1.0971.2201.173936()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonIEA(2023)MonthlyOilDataServicedata.Allrightsreserved.Oil-RefiningIndustryREFININGCAPACITYAreasandAggregates108EniWorldEnergyReview2023RefiningCapacityAreasandAggregates()2005ComplexityRatioEurope()RefineriesPrimaryCapacityPrimaryCapacityConversionCapacityFCCeqv.(%)NCIRussiaandCentralAsia(no.)(mmtons)(kbbl/d)(FCCeqv.)(mmtons)MiddleEastAfrica13787317,47628034%8.7Asia-PacificAmericas613707,4386317%6.7-NorthAmerica-CentralSouthAmerica473617,3196117%5.5World461583,1522717%5.62601,23624,76553643%7.32531,35827,17486263%10.01751,03420,68671669%11.2783246,48814645%7.28044,35587,3241,82843%8.22010ComplexityRatioEurope()RefineriesPrimaryCapacityPrimaryCapacityConversionCapacityFCCeqv.(%)NCIRussiaandCentralAsia(no.)(mmtons)(kbbl/d)(FCCeqv.)(mmtons)MiddleEastAfrica12884016,81229037%8.9Asia-PacificAmericas663787,6126618%6.9-NorthAmerica-CentralSouthAmerica583938,0037920%6.0World461593,1892817%5.72981,48529,79278353%8.22421,35327,08788165%10.61671,03420,68872970%11.6753196,39915247%7.48384,60992,4952,12747%8.7()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIcisConsultingdata.()BelarusandUkrainearen’tincludedinEuropebutinRussiaandCentralAsia.OIL-REFININGINDUSTRY109RefiningCapacityAreasandAggregates()2015ComplexityRatioEurope()RefineriesPrimaryCapacityPrimaryCapacityConversionCapacityFCCeqv.(%)NCIRussiaandCentralAsia(no.)(mmtons)(kbbl/d)(FCCeqv.)(mmtons)MiddleEastAfrica11377215,44329341%9.2Asia-Pacific79Americas704148,35011819%7.0-NorthAmerica32-CentralSouthAmerica584418,9501,02127%6.8922World481593,19577720%6.11453231,71534,42459%9.02391,36627,35067%10.91641,07021,41773%11.8752965,93349%7.78514,86797,7122,46451%9.12022ComplexityRatioEurope()RefineriesPrimaryCapacityPrimaryCapacityConversionCapacityFCCeqv.(%)NCIRussiaandCentralAsia(no.)(mmtons)(kbbl/d)(FCCeqv.)(mmtons)MiddleEastAfrica10574214,84931545%9.4Asia-Pacific140Americas724358,76015932%8.2-NorthAmerica35-CentralSouthAmerica6554411,1221,24729%7.6904World521472,94774324%6.31613001,86937,56367%10.22271,35127,07967%10.81551,04720,97271%11.7723056,10753%7.88215,088102,3202,79955%9.7()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIcisConsultingdata.()BelarusandUkrainearen’tincludedinEuropebutinRussiaandCentralAsia.110EniWorldEnergyReview2023RefiningCapacity3%AFRICA6%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICAWorldPrimaryCapacity(2022)8%RUSSIAandC.ASIA11%MIDDLEEAST5,088milliontonsASIA-PACIFIC37%NORTHAMERICA20%EUROPE15%WorldPrimaryCapacityGrowth(2005-2022)732milliontons2005-2010-200-10001002003004005006007002010-2015AFRICA2015-2022CENTRALSOUTHAMERICARUSSIAandC.ASIAMIDDLEEASTEUROPENORTHAMERICAASIA-PACIFICOIL-REFININGINDUSTRY111RefiningCapacity2022Complexityratio(FCCeqv.%)tralAsiaericaCenuthAmificdleEastandtralSo-PacericaAfricaMidRussiaEuropeCenAsiaNorthAm24%29%32%45%53%67%71%NaturalGas-SupplyandDemandRESERVESAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ReservesHoldersCountriesPRODUCTIONAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ProducersCountriesRESERVES/PRODUCTIONRATIOAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyReserves/ProductionRatioCountriesCONSUMPTIONAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ConsumersCountriesPERCAPITACONSUMPTIONAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ConsumersRankedbyPerCapitaConsumptionRatioCountriesPRODUCTION/CONSUMPTIONRATIOAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyProduction/ConsumptionRatioCountries114EniWorldEnergyReview2023ReservesAreasandAggregates()2016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetresasat31stDecember)4,2054,0683,4503,3063,1192,9892,9872010201567,93068,23067,65567,65066,32466,32566,32580,27179,96480,35880,79981,31981,88381,883Europe6,0384,44914,99315,32615,41315,89415,84415,93315,933-0.1%-5.7%RussiaandCentralAsia62,75367,51914,80814,52913,14012,49212,40612,15712,1570.0%0.5%MiddleEast78,96379,26319,05822,12023,06323,17823,02527,58127,5810.0%0.3%Africa14,44614,52511,21414,38815,53115,64215,64220,18220,1820.0%0.8%Asia-Pacific15,52515,2227,8447,7327,5337,5367,3847,3997,3990.0%-2.0%Americas18,44618,7160.0%3.4%-NorthAmerica10,59710,8270.0%5.5%-CentralSouthAmerica0.0%-0.5%7,8497,889World196,171199,693201,264204,238203,080203,319202,038206,867206,8650.0%0.4%EuropeanUnion271,7711,2481,1351,075577519452439436-0.6%-11.0%MENA0.0%0.3%OECD87,24087,42488,56688,25988,65389,08289,60290,16690,1660.0%2.3%NONOECD0.0%0.2%OPEC20,09618,64418,98522,03822,59022,25621,95926,35326,3500.0%0.6%NONOPEC176,075181,050182,279182,200180,490181,064180,079180,515180,5150.0%0.4%63,76065,08666,31766,55566,99367,46268,06368,70168,701132,411134,607134,947137,683136,088135,857133,975138,166138,164()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND115Reserves1%EUROPE4%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICAWorldNaturalGasReserves(2022)6%ASIA-PACIFIC8%NORTHAMERICA206,865billioncubicmetresasat31stDecember10%AFRICAMIDDLEEAST40%RUSSIAandC.ASIA32%WorldNaturalGasReservesGrowth(2010-2022)10,693billioncubicmetresasat31stDecember2010-2015-4,000-2,00002,0004,0006,0008,00010,0002015-2020EUROPE2020-2022CENTRALSOUTHAMERICAASIA-PACIFICAFRICANORTHAMERICARUSSIAandC.ASIAMIDDLEEAST116EniWorldEnergyReview2023ReservesTheWorldTop10ReservesHolders()(billioncubicmetresasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)49,57149,08447,75947,75947,759Russia46,00050,20550,61750,50833,89933,98833,98833,98833,9880.0%0.3%Iran33,09033,50033,72133,81023,84623,83123,83123,83123,831Qatar25,20124,29924,07323,86113,43713,17113,17117,71117,7110.0%0.2%UnitedStates8,6208,7099,11912,40813,95013,95013,95013,95013,950Turkmenistan13,95013,95013,95013,9509,0699,4238,4378,5078,5070.0%-0.5%SaudiArabia8,0168,5888,6198,7156,0906,0907,7308,2008,200UnitedArabEmirates6,0906,0906,0906,0905,6755,7615,7505,8485,8480.0%6.2%Nigeria5,1105,2845,4755,6275,6745,6745,5905,5415,541Venezuela5,5215,6985,7365,7074,5044,5044,5044,5044,5040.0%0.0%Algeria4,5044,5044,5044,5040.0%0.5%0.0%2.5%0.0%1.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%TheWorldTop10156,102160,827161,904165,180165,715165,476164,710169,839169,8390.0%0.7%RestoftheWorldWorld40,06938,86639,36039,05837,36537,84337,32937,02837,0260.0%-0.7%196,171199,693201,264204,238203,080203,319202,038206,867206,8650.0%0.4%TheWorldTop10(2022)iratesArabEmrabianistanStateselalgeriaenezuigerianitedaudiAurkmenitedatarRussiaShareofWorldAVNUSTUQIran23.1%16.4%2.2%2.7%2.8%4.0%4.1%6.7%8.6%11.5%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND117ReservesCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetresasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe6,0384,4494,2054,0683,4503,3063,1192,9892,987-0.1%-5.7%Albania0000111110.0%21.2%Austria15988765550.0%-8.0%Belarus1111111110.0%-5.6%Bulgaria5444444440.0%-1.6%Croatia2511109665440.0%-13.6%CzechRepublic4333333330.0%-1.4%Denmark10180777269666563630.0%-3.9%France5999999990.0%4.7%Germany8746423730252220200.0%-11.5%Greece1111111110.0%0.0%Hungary128,5476745550.0%-7.1%Ireland2530303029282726260.0%0.4%Italy()6649,138454846454037-6.5%-4.7%Moldova1111111110.0%-5.6%Netherlands1,2368257406951961479293930.0%-19.4%Norway2,7622,4612,3882,3342,2262,1652,0952,0722,0720.0%-2.4%Poland7161585673858584840.0%1.4%Romania110103999287817774740.0%-3.3%SerbiaandMontenegro8666555550.0%-4.8%Slovakia5554444440.0%-2.0%Spain3333333330.0%0.8%Turkey6666666660.0%0.0%Ukraine9693933803843583493382662660.0%-10.2%UnitedKingdom5203332882632762602212002000.0%-7.7%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.()Datasource:ItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.118EniWorldEnergyReview2023ReservesCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetresasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022RussiaandCentralAsia62,75367,51967,93068,23067,65567,65066,32466,32566,3250.0%0.5%Russia46,00050,20550,61750,50849,57149,08447,75947,75947,7590.0%0.3%Azerbaijan5156656651,0741,4351,9171,9171,9171,917Georgia1110.0%11.6%Kazakhstan111111Kyrgyzstan1,3891,8301,8301,8301,8301,8301,8301,8301,8300.0%-5.6%Tajikistan111Turkmenistan1111111110.0%2.3%Uzbekistan11111113,95013,95013,95013,95013,95013,95013,95013,95013,9500.0%-5.6%8968678678678678678678678670.0%-5.6%0.0%0.0%0.0%-0.3%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)78,96379,26380,27179,96480,35880,79981,31981,88381,883MiddleEast0.0%0.3%110163224210210193686868Bahrain33,09033,50033,72133,81033,89933,98833,98833,98833,9880.0%-3.9%Iran3,1583,1583,8203,7443,7293,7143,7143,7143,714Iraq0.0%0.2%Israel215206465488497547538562562Jordan6666666660.0%1.4%KuwaitOman1,7841,7841,7841,7841,7841,7841,7841,7841,7840.0%8.3%Qatar520705705705677674673673673SaudiArabia0.0%0.0%Syria25,20124,29924,07323,86123,84623,83123,83123,83123,831UnitedArabEmirates8,0168,5888,6198,7159,0699,4238,4378,5078,5070.0%0.0%Yemen2852852852852852852852852850.0%2.2%6,0906,0906,0906,0906,0906,0907,7308,2008,2000.0%-0.5%4884794792662662652652652650.0%0.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%2.5%0.0%-5.0%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND119ReservesCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetresasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022Africa14,44614,52514,99315,32615,41315,89415,84415,93315,9330.0%0.8%Algeria4,5044,5044,5044,5044,5044,5044,5044,5044,5040.0%0.0%Angola275308440422384343301301301Benin1000011110.0%0.8%Cameroon155154173172171170179176176Chad0111111110.0%0.0%Congo127285285285285284284284284Côted'Ivoire2722212018181818180.0%1.1%Dem.Rep.Congo111111111Egypt0.0%EquatorialGuinea2,2102,0862,2212,2212,2212,2092,2092,2092,209Ethiopia8254474242393939390.0%6.9%Gabon252525253525252525Ghana2825262626262626260.0%-3.3%Libya272727585655535151Madagascar0.0%0.0%Mauritania1,4951,5051,5051,5051,5051,5051,5051,5051,505Morocco2222222220.0%0.0%Mozambique282828285050505050Namibia3111111110.0%-6.0%Nigeria757575Senegal62001861866506506506500.0%0.0%Somalia626262626262SouthAfrica5,1105,2845,4755,6275,6755,7615,7505,8485,8480.0%-0.6%Sudan102225252525252Tanzania0666666660.0%5.4%Tunisia12323221118525252525252525250.0%0.1%3737374040393531316565656464646464640.0%0.0%0.0%5.0%0.0%-8.7%0.0%19.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%1.1%0.0%14.7%0.0%0.0%-19.0%0.0%-9.7%0.0%-1.4%0.0%-0.1%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.120EniWorldEnergyReview2023ReservesCountries()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetresasat31stDecember)201020152016201720182019202020212022Asia-Pacific15,52515,22214,80814,52913,14012,49212,40612,15712,1570.0%-2.0%Afghanistan10099999999989898980.0%-0.2%Australia3,7593,2053,1933,1933,1932,8462,7162,5872,587Bangladesh0.0%-3.1%Brunei354385365337325300284264264China3012582522402462402332282280.0%-2.4%India2,2442,7912,8382,7862,7792,8342,9222,8932,893Indonesia1,0981,2521,2271,2841,3401,3811,3721,3731,3730.0%-2.3%Japan3,0682,8652,8412,7451,4081,2331,1181,0631,063Malaysia3731292827262423230.0%2.1%Myanmar2,5072,8422,4702,3462,2902,2132,2062,1722,172NewZealand5222822732652562482402322320.0%1.9%Pakistan525650515353555050PapuaNewGuinea6174674795024994466126566560.0%-8.5%Philippines263216238226217205192204204SouthKorea6853514038353230300.0%-3.8%TaiwanThailand3333333330.0%-1.2%Vietnam43333322230020719318117113811297970.0%-6.5%2282072031991951901861821820.0%-0.3%0.0%0.5%0.0%-2.1%0.0%-6.5%0.0%-0.7%0.0%-6.6%0.0%-9.0%0.0%-1.9%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)18,44618,71619,05822,12023,06323,17823,02527,58127,581Americas0.0%3.4%359350337355372400376392392Argentina2201111110.0%0.7%BarbadosBolivia2813053103032012001921831830.0%-5.6%Brazil417429378370368365338379379Canada1,9772,1182,0951,9802,0942,4712,4712,4712,4710.0%-3.5%Chile1010Colombia865548890900.0%-0.8%Cuba1531231141101079083Ecuador1488770.0%1.9%Mexico9888111099Peru7111111111832012112110.0%1.5%TrinidadandTobago353257208199188300287287287UnitedStates3533994563653002982892892890.0%-4.3%Venezuela38130028129829813,17113,17117,71117,7118,6208,7099,11912,40813,4375,6745,5905,5415,5410.0%-5.5%5,5215,6985,7365,7075,6740.0%2.2%0.0%-4.2%0.0%-1.7%0.0%-2.3%0.0%6.2%0.0%0.0%()Datasource:Eni’sestimatesonEnerdataGlobalEnergyMarket&CO2Dataandotherofficialdatasources.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND121ProductionAreasandAggregates()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe314.63262.87262.55265.09253.85237.25220.84212.94224.905.6%-2.8%RussiaandCentralAsia772.12781.46798.68854.22901.76931.35871.93947.32862.90-8.9%0.9%MiddleEast458.21575.08598.68614.59610.70649.29670.00689.37714.903.7%3.8%Africa202.74201.65216.56237.77247.00244.65225.81252.56244.01-3.4%1.6%Asia-Pacific471.83521.57537.68562.18595.79624.82627.34645.61667.323.4%2.9%Americas932.461,116.631,116.581,136.641,214.281,316.161,283.521,316.881,368.954.0%3.3%-NorthAmerica725.96902.28908.93932.281,011.111,114.961,096.461,131.871,180.844.3%4.1%-CentralSouthAmerica206.50214.35207.66204.36203.17201.20187.07185.01188.111.7%-0.8%World3,151.983,459.253,530.733,670.483,823.394,003.513,899.444,064.674,082.970.5%2.2%EuropeanUnion27127.3584.1883.0877.3768.8960.6247.8444.3241.40-6.6%-8.9%MENA615.48716.39754.67784.46787.78822.70823.05873.02891.782.1%3.1%OECD1,135.341,270.371,286.131,329.791,413.171,520.541,507.911,533.651,608.284.9%2.9%NONOECD2,016.642,188.882,244.602,340.692,410.232,482.972,391.542,531.012,474.69-2.2%1.7%OPEC435.74518.84554.24581.06569.36589.90589.03619.80634.342.3%3.2%NONOPEC2,716.242,940.412,976.493,089.423,254.043,413.613,310.413,444.873,448.640.1%2.0%()Datasource:Eni’scalculations.TheoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,fromItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.122EniWorldEnergyReview2023Production4%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICA6%EUROPEAreasandAggregates()6%AFRICA16%ASIA-PACIFIC4,082.97billioncubicmetresNORTHAMERICA29%RUSSIAandC.ASIA21%MIDDLEEAST18%WorldNaturalGasProductionGrowth(2010-2022)930.99billioncubicmetres2010-2015-10001002003004005002015-2020CENTRALSOUTHAMERICA2020-2022EUROPEAFRICAASIA-PACIFICMIDDLEEASTRUSSIAandC.ASIANORTHAMERICANATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND123ProductionTheWorldTop10Producers()(billioncubicmetres)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)746.27819.16930.32916.23944.57981.48UnitedStates575.44740.45729.57675.65705.49734.42690.08758.60668.893.9%4.5%Russia628.20609.79626.16214.69210.23234.98252.87260.46273.92Iran141.56181.12196.62144.08155.88171.47187.35202.04214.10-11.8%0.5%China93.23131.01133.21186.01191.95184.64180.22187.30199.36Canada150.52161.83179.36172.33171.40173.48172.58174.13175.655.2%5.7%Qatar124.79170.76172.95102.67117.69137.22148.03142.78153.15Australia51.7367.6680.40126.90124.17117.32114.02117.24126.996.0%7.2%Norway110.24119.68119.0590.7292.0093.2793.8595.86100.57SaudiArabia69.6682.8986.2595.1796.1088.9883.89103.72100.176.4%2.4%Algeria83.7083.0693.690.9%2.9%7.3%9.5%8.3%1.2%4.9%3.1%-3.4%1.5%TheWorldTop102,029.082,348.262,417.262,554.492,684.072,866.092,839.132,986.702,994.270.3%3.3%RestoftheWorld1,122.911,111.001,113.471,116.001,139.321,137.421,060.321,077.971,088.71World3,151.983,459.253,530.733,670.483,823.394,003.513,899.444,064.674,082.971.0%-0.3%0.5%2.2%TheWorldTop10(2022)riaiArabiaayraliardaatatesAlgeSaudNorwAustQataCanaChinIraniaitedSRussUn3.8%4.3%4.9%5.2%6.7%16.4%24.0%2.5%2.5%3.1%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.124EniWorldEnergyReview2023ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)314.63262.87262.55265.09253.85237.24220.83212.93224.895.6%-2.8%Europe0.010.030.040.040.040.070.050.050.041.621.211.131.211.000.900.740.660.60-14.2%10.4%Albania0.160.170.160.140.150.150.150.150.15-9.5%-8.0%Austria0.070.100.090.080.030.040.060.030.020.0%-0.2%Belarus2.581.711.591.431.180.990.820.730.76-40.2%-10.4%Bulgaria0.230.240.210.220.210.200.190.190.215.2%-9.6%Croatia8.544.824.715.064.313.221.391.471.4510.7%-0.7%CzechRepublic0.750.020.020.020.010.020.020.020.02-1.5%-13.7%Denmark12.927.377.627.015.485.094.694.605.10-11.0%-25.9%France0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.000.0010.9%-7.5%Germany2.601.591.661.641.711.541.541.371.36-100.0%-100.0%Greece0.270.132.893.313.202.491.921.471.35-0.9%-5.3%Hungary8.016.455.515.275.184.623.823.182.96-8.0%14.3%Ireland75.2745.8844.2937.9432.4827.7320.0818.0514.87-7.1%-8.0%Italy110.24119.68119.05126.90124.17117.32114.02117.24126.99-17.6%-12.6%Netherlands4.294.284.134.084.033.993.953.883.808.3%1.2%Norway10.0210.229.059.919.869.538.518.558.79-2.1%-1.0%Poland0.360.530.480.450.420.410.380.340.312.8%-1.1%Romania0.100.090.090.140.090.120.060.060.05-9.0%-1.3%Serbia0.010.000.000.010.020.010.010.010.00-4.9%-5.2%Slovakia0.050.060.060.030.090.140.050.040.03-14.8%-3.9%Slovenia0.650.360.350.340.410.450.420.380.36-13.4%-3.4%Spain17.9517.2617.6417.9919.1718.9818.4417.7017.52-3.7%-4.8%Türkiye57.9040.6641.7441.8540.6039.2639.5532.7638.13-1.0%-0.2%Ukraine16.4%-3.4%UnitedKingdom()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,fromItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND125ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)772.12781.46798.68854.22901.76931.35871.93947.32862.90-8.9%0.9%RussiaandCentralAsia628.20609.79626.16675.65705.49734.42690.08758.60668.89Russia16.2718.7818.2817.7618.7623.9425.8631.8134.14-11.8%0.5%Azerbaijan0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.020.017.3%6.4%Georgia28.6227.1430.9336.3839.1833.5030.6126.7026.306.6%Kazakhstan0.020.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.03-15.9%-0.7%Kyrgyzstan0.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00-1.5%1.6%Tajikistan42.9179.2875.5676.2579.9882.1278.3479.3584.8134.6%-25.0%Turkmenistan56.0746.4147.7148.1558.3257.3447.0150.8248.71-0.2%5.8%Uzbekistan6.9%-1.2%-4.1%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)458.21575.08598.68614.59610.70649.29670.00689.37714.90MiddleEast3.7%3.8%12.2914.1513.9914.0114.1815.6615.7616.0415.80Bahrain141.56181.12196.62214.69210.23234.98252.87260.46273.92-1.5%2.1%Iran10.1210.5710.965.2%5.7%Iraq4.876.608.957.009.119.474.0%5.7%Israel3.116.907.688.118.398.4114.6718.3320.4211.4%17.0%Jordan0.160.120.100.100.090.100.150.180.180.0%1.0%Kuwait11.1416.0616.2416.0517.0118.5720.4320.1821.275.4%5.5%Oman27.6432.8933.5833.7238.0938.5337.7840.4942.775.7%3.7%Qatar124.79170.76172.95172.33171.40173.48172.58174.13175.650.9%2.9%SaudiArabia69.6682.8986.2590.7292.0093.2793.8595.86100.574.9%3.1%Syria8.434.053.533.493.473.332.923.112.90-6.6%-8.5%UnitedArabEmirates48.3156.6958.2750.9545.1951.9051.8751.2951.740.9%0.6%Yemen6.262.860.500.300.100.100.130.200.200.0%-24.9%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.126EniWorldEnergyReview2023ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)202.72201.65216.56237.77247.00244.65225.81252.56244.01-3.4%1.6%Africa83.7083.0693.6995.1796.1088.9883.89103.72100.170.700.731.625.516.176.467.175.785.26-3.4%1.5%Algeria0.300.480.510.571.522.242.262.212.46-8.9%18.3%Angola0.100.500.570.600.680.961.001.031.0611.1%19.1%Cameroon1.541.961.972.192.032.162.222.352.502.1%21.9%Congo53.9736.3940.4550.3359.5866.0859.2767.5464.266.0%4.1%Côted'Ivoire6.217.077.487.837.365.925.726.697.70-4.9%1.5%Egypt0.310.520.520.460.500.440.470.430.4315.0%1.8%EquatorialGuinea0.000.700.620.890.861.562.512.913.110.0%2.7%Gabon15.9718.8519.1421.8118.9416.067.559.709.936.9%Ghana0.050.080.070.070.080.090.090.100.072.4%-3.9%Libya3.124.744.834.794.804.764.634.694.67-29.9%2.2%Morocco30.9141.5040.0942.8543.4243.8744.1441.0137.80-0.4%3.4%Mozambique0.020.020.020.020.010.020.020.010.01-7.8%1.7%Nigeria1.471.121.020.820.981.121.070.040.000.0%-10.0%Senegal0.751.001.301.381.601.721.541.752.13-89.6%-39.1%SouthAfrica3.582.932.642.492.382.202.252.582.4521.7%9.1%Tanzania-5.2%-3.1%Tunisia201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)471.83521.57537.68562.18595.79624.82627.34645.61667.32Asia-Pacific3.4%2.9%51.7367.6680.40102.67117.69137.22148.03142.78153.15Australia19.2824.8827.1827.1927.1226.9424.7325.0225.647.3%9.5%Bangladesh11.9410.9510.5611.5712.3910.6710.369.468.782.5%2.4%Brunei93.23131.01133.21144.08155.88171.47187.35202.04214.10-7.1%-2.5%China49.9730.3530.0830.9431.2529.5027.0932.3033.586.0%7.2%India87.0076.1675.0872.7072.8067.5859.5459.2957.704.0%-3.3%Indonesia3.732.762.852.982.622.432.262.232.17-2.7%-3.4%Japan59.3267.2766.5665.2368.8071.4664.5170.4074.94-2.7%-4.4%Malaysia11.8317.1818.6118.5517.0817.4916.9317.3516.926.5%2.0%Myanmar4.484.704.924.864.314.644.533.963.58-2.5%3.0%NewZealand31.3828.2126.1522.0328.3726.0127.6228.7828.15-9.6%-1.9%Pakistan3.553.343.833.784.224.253.853.303.00-2.2%-0.9%Philippines0.560.200.160.360.300.250.190.06-9.1%-1.4%SouthKorea0.310.390.330.270.200.170.110.110,00-100.0%-100.0%Taiwan28.7630.0029.4227.4726.5927.2223.6923.220.10-14.3%-9.1%Thailand9.459.1910.489.609.619.938.617.3420.33-12.4%-2.8%Vietnam5.2917.3217.8617.9016.5517.5817.9517.967.22-1.5%-2.2%OthersAsiaPacific17.950.0%10.7%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND127ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)932.461,116.631,116.581,136.641,214.281,316.161,283.521,316.881,368.954.0%3.3%Americas40.2538.8639.9140.5441.5843.3339.7440.2843.076.9%0.6%Argentina14.3021.0220.0619.4618.1115.7915.2215.6714.17-9.6%-0.1%Bolivia15.3424.4224.6627.9025.7927.0025.1225.2723.57-6.7%3.6%Brazil150.52161.83179.36186.01191.95184.64180.22187.30199.366.4%2.4%Canada1.800.981.181.201.221.491.141.171.170.0%-3.6%Chile10.9612.0711.1411.4111.9012.1611.8311.0211.020.0%0.0%Colombia0.991.151.100.970.900.880.830.600.600.0%-4.1%Cuba0.490.650.700.630.550.480.410.420.443.3%-1.0%Ecuador49.5239.9735.3930.9032.6231.8936.3536.8538.644.9%-2.0%Mexico8.8714.7616.3414.5414.2915.0813.5413.5513.751.5%3.7%Peru41.6737.2032.3732.4935.0035.5529.8025.6426.664.0%-3.7%TrinidadandTobago575.44740.45729.57746.27819.16930.32916.23944.57981.483.9%4.5%UnitedStates22.2823.2424.7824.3021.1917.5213.0714.5315.013.3%-3.2%Venezuela0.020.020.020.020.030.020.010.010.010.0%-5.8%OthersAmericas()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.128EniWorldEnergyReview2023Reserves/ProductionRatioAreasandAggregates()(years)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe191918171616171817RussiaandCentralAsiaMiddleEast818669807573767077AfricaAsia-Pacific172138134130132124120117113Americas-NorthAmerica717270646265706366-CentralSouthAmerica333028262220201919201717191918181820151212151514141417383738383737404140World625854565351525051EuropeanUnion271415141489101111MENAOECD142122117113113108108102100NONOECDOPEC181515171615151416NONOPEC878376787573757173146125120115118114115109107494641454240413940Reserves/ProductionRatio(2022)World:51yearsMIDDLEEAST113CENTRALSOUTHAMERICA40NORTHAMERICA17RUSSIAandC.ASIA77ASIA-PACIFIC19AFRICA66EUROPE17()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergy&CO2Data,IEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND129Reserves/ProductionRatioTheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyReserves/ProductionRatio()(years)201020152016201720182019202020212022Qatar202142139138139137138137136IranSaudiArabia234185172157161145134130124RussiaAlgeria11510410096991011009894AustraliaUnitedStates738281757067696371NorwayChina545448474751544345Canada734740312721181918151212171614141417252120181818181816242121191817161414131312111113141312TheWorldTop10(2022)daaydStatesaliaiaiaiArabiaCanaChinaNorwUniteAustrAlgerRussSaudIranQatarYears1214161718457194124136()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergy&CO2Data,IEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.130EniWorldEnergyReview2023Reserves/ProductionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(years)191918171616171817Europe73222715211923977677789Albania633333333Austria7345485512711276137229Belarus1076656676Bulgaria131416151617171715Croatia121716141621474443CzechRepublic7391416529965521480374377Denmark766555553France11318390956890129212Germany554443344Greece92229109911141820Hungary8878910121414Ireland1618171865567Italy252120181818181816Netherlands171414141821222223Norway111011998999Poland231212121212131416Romania515151324936667478SerbiaandMontenegro143333201000188198233Slovakia5655611223824668193Slovenia91718181513141617Spain545554535050525454Türkiye98767768Ukraine6UnitedKingdom()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergy&CO2Data,IEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.()TheoriginaldataarefromItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurityandIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND131Reserves/ProductionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(years)818669807573767077RussiaandCentralAsia738281757067696371Russia323536607780746056Azerbaijan1594679605052563137Georgia496759504755606970Kazakhstan451719212023252519Kyrgyzstan46128164443826826823722723Tajikistan32517618183174170178176164Turkmenistan161918181515181718UzbekistanMiddleEast201020152016201720182019202020212022Bahrain172138134130132124120117113IranIraq91216151512555Israel234185172157161145134130124Jordan648478427370353339530408392Kuwait693061605965372926Oman385160626662413434Qatar16011111011110596878884SaudiArabia192121211817181716Syria202142139138139137138137136UnitedArabEmirates11510410096991011009894Yemen347081828286989298126107105120135117117119125781689568852,6542,6442,0341,3221,322()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergy&CO2Data,IEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.132EniWorldEnergyReview2023Reserves/ProductionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(years)717270646265706366Africa545448474751544345441421271776253485965Algeria51432133730111376798173Angola1,295571499474417296284275269Cameroon181111998887Congo415755443733373334Côted'Ivoire13567765Egypt9086565259556161EquatorialGuinea4849656535211817Gabon943944697994199155152Ghana578079141311121015Libya2413143939137140139139Morocco1651616131131131131140155Mozambique402127137841,7312,9583,2037,3607,362Nigeria88591322126253Senegal4922292523232016SouthAfrica183728262729282526Tanzania2225TunisiaAsia-Pacific201020152016201720182019202020212022Australia333028262220201919BangladeshBrunei734740312721181918China181513121211111111India252424212023232527Indonesia242121191817161414Japan244343424347514241Malaysia353838381918202020Myanmar10111091011111111NewZealand394237363331343129Pakistan612820192017171717Philippines121210111211121415SouthKorea201718231817161515Taiwan242118151312131517Thailand51519810121549Vietnam12781013151515171077765555242319212019222526()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergy&CO2Data,IEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND133Reserves/ProductionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(years)201717191918181820Americas998999101010201515161113131214Argentina271815131414141417Bolivia131312111113141312Brazil564445777Canada1410101097788Chile148789991313Colombia141716172022252423Cuba766666655Ecuador402728252120222223Mexico98999891110Peru151212171614141417TrinidadandTobago248245232235268324434390375UnitedStatesVenezuela()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonEnerdataGlobalEnergy&CO2Data,IEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandotherofficialdatasources.Allrightsreserved.134EniWorldEnergyReview2023ConsumptionAreasandAggregates()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe658.52526.21552.48576.34567.89569.89557.30594.04528.84-11.0%-1.8%RussiaandCentralAsia549.35506.98520.83538.29602.97594.98585.67640.61621.94-2.9%1.0%MiddleEast361.50454.99475.70491.76484.72518.20543.03555.77573.863.3%3.9%Africa102.57132.54142.28154.80161.40160.82150.46163.51164.190.4%4.0%Asia-Pacific565.17684.63709.33737.19792.73819.32833.65886.61867.53-2.2%3.6%Americas942.121,097.271,121.351,116.781,188.341,239.941,192.801,217.581,250.762.7%2.4%-NorthAmerica734.75851.24879.75878.32942.881.000.04966.82976.671.021.554.6%2.8%-CentralSouthAmerica207.37246.02241.60238.47245.46239.90225.97240.91229.21-4.9%0.8%World3,179.223,402.623,521.963,615.163,798.043,903.153,862.904,058.124,007.11-1.3%1.9%EuropeanUnion27421.92344.28364.37384.78377.57389.53379.72398.97348.48-12.7%-1.6%MENA443.55556.94586.07615.30612.29644.21657.38681.55699.272.6%3.9%OECD1,548.571,612.391,672.111,690.201,757.101,816.891,779.381,824.461,802.09-1.2%1.3%NONOECD1,630.651,790.221,849.861,924.962,040.952,086.262,083.532,233.662,205.02-1.3%2.5%OPEC358.72455.24481.27496.78486.46512.22522.78541.77561.703.7%3.8%NONOPEC2,820.492,947.383,040.693,118.383,311.583,390.933,340.123,516.343,445.41-2.0%1.7%()Datasource:Eni’scalculations.TheoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,fromtalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND135Consumption4%AFRICA6%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICAWorldNaturalGasConsumption(2022)13%EUROPE14%MIDDLEEAST4,007.11billioncubicmetresNORTHAMERICA25%ASIAPACIFIC22%RUSSIAandC.ASIA16%WorldNaturalGasConsumptionGrowth(2010-2022)827.90billioncubicmetres2010-2015-200-150-100-500501001502002503003502015-20202020-2022AFRICACENTRALSOUTHAMERICAEUROPEMIDDLEEASTRUSSIAandC.ASIAASIA-PACIFICNORTHAMERICA136EniWorldEnergyReview2023ConsumptionTheWorldTop10Consumers()(billioncubicmetres)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)748.90807.08863.29836.24840.96881.09UnitedStates646.72751.89759.30447.71497.85486.17479.32531.85515.714.8%2.6%Russia446.06423.63431.84227.01265.92288.63308.37347.82344.45-3.0%1.2%China103.95184.44198.61205.47198.63218.18236.48241.93253.64-1.0%10.5%Iran142.06180.63193.48129.42135.80136.75130.58135.71140.464.8%4.9%Canada88.0399.36120.4490.7292.0093.2793.8595.86100.573.5%4.0%SaudiArabia69.6682.8986.25116.29111.40106.99107.18100.8695.974.9%3.1%Japan100.02116.83119.7172.8084.1279.8481.8084.2884.09-4.9%-0.3%Mexico63.0875.2076.9787.6285.5487.9586.7694.4078.60-0.2%2.4%Germany88.2875.7781.7978.2477.6076.4672.0976.5370.72-16.7%-1.0%UnitedKingdom98.6471.9780.41-7.6%-2.7%TheWorldTop101,846.502,062.612,148.812,204.182,355.942,437.532,432.672,550.182,565.300.6%2.8%RestoftheWorld1,332.721,340.011,373.151,410.981,442.101,465.611,430.231,507.931,441.81World3,179.223,402.623,521.963,615.163,798.043,903.153,862.904,058.124,007.11-4.4%0.7%-1.3%1.9%TheWorldTop10(2022)ShareofWorldingdomyArabiaaChinatatesUnitedKGermanMexicoJapanSaudiCanadIran8.6%iaitedS1.8%2.0%2.1%2.4%RussUn6.3%12.9%22.0%2.5%3.5%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND137ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)658.52526.21552.48576.34567.89569.89557.30594.04528.84-11.0%-1.8%Europe0.010.030.040.040.040.070.050.050.049.458.038.429.048.568.938.518.997.88-14.2%10.4%Albania21.0618.4118.3018.7319.8718.9917.5417.9316.95-12.4%-1.5%Austria19.4816.2216.5516.9117.4517.6717.5917.6614.98-5.4%-1.8%Belarus0.230.210.210.230.230.220.200.240.23-15.2%-2.2%Belgium2.683.023.123.213.042.842.933.302.71-4.0%0.0%BosniaHerzegovina3.062.422.522.902.672.802.942.832.59-18.1%0.1%Bulgaria9.387.548.168.377.938.328.469.077.38-8.3%-1.4%Croatia5.143.323.353.203.112.942.462.251.67-18.7%-2.0%CzechRepublic0.650.450.500.470.480.440.400.460.34-25.5%-8.9%Denmark4.462.602.392.252.532.472.462.471.23-25.7%-5.3%Estonia49.5640.7544.5344.7742.8443.6640.5843.0438.37-50.4%-10.2%Finland88.2875.7781.7987.6285.5487.9586.7694.4078.60-10.8%-2.1%France3.763.114.064.894.795.225.736.345.12-16.7%-1.0%Germany11.428.719.349.939.629.8410.1910.819.18-19.2%2.6%Greece5.474.374.945.025.225.305.305.095.19-15.1%-1.8%Hungary79.1564.3267.5571.5869.2170.9367.7972.7670.16-0.4%Ireland1.701.281.291.151.361.281.061.120.801.9%-1.0%Italy2.902.402.142.232.072.172.292.181.55-3.6%-6.0%Latvia1.390.890.820.810.800.800.720.780.61-28.2%-5.1%Lithuania0.000.000.000.280.340.360.370.370.38-28.9%-6.6%Luxembourg2.692.482.502.302.492.552.542.762.10-21.5%Malta46.6033.3034.9336.2535.7437.2736.5635.0627.141.3%-2.0%Moldova0.110.130.200.260.240.280.330.410.27-24.0%-4.4%Netherlands7.427.216.485.796.415.795.285.837.26-22.6%7.6%NorthMacedonia14.8916.0217.0217.9618.7518.8719.9021.2017.50-35.1%-0.2%Norway5.224.715.036.305.846.146.035.765.5824.4%1.4%Poland12.5510.3710.4911.1811.4510.6711.1511.459.83-17.5%0.6%Portugal2.162.042.202.462.482.322.312.782.74-3.1%-2.0%Romania5.824.514.534.814.744.754.755.295.20-14.2%2.0%Serbia1.000.770.820.860.840.860.860.900.79-1.6%-0.9%Slovakia36.2028.5429.1231.7131.5035.9332.4834.2132.96-1.8%-1.9%Slovenia1.700.840.951.071.161.101.461.170.75-11.8%-0.8%Spain3.503.323.483.503.323.413.313.602.95-3.7%-6.6%Sweden36.5145.8044.5051.4447.7043.0846.1957.1252.10-35.9%-1.4%Switzerland64.2630.3329.7728.5629.9327.1927.7327.8024.99-18.2%3.0%Türkiye98.6471.9780.4178.2477.6076.4672.0976.5370.72-8.8%-7.6%Ukraine-10.1%-2.7%UnitedKingdom-7.6%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,fromItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.138EniWorldEnergyReview2023ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)549.35506.98520.83538.29602.97594.98585.67640.61621.94-2.9%1.0%RussiaandCentralAsia446.06423.63431.84447.71497.85486.17479.32531.85515.71Russia1.502.252.152.272.382.482.492.722.93-3.0%1.2%Armenia9.1311.1510.9310.6210.8212.2612.3712.8212.107.7%5.7%Azerbaijan1.182.412.272.392.382.702.702.803.03-5.6%2.4%Georgia25.9512.3416.6416.2821.6623.4023.4619.7320.148.1%8.2%Kazakhstan0.290.270.280.300.330.310.330.390.432.1%-2.1%Kyrgyzstan0.190.000.000.000.060.230.230.240.2411.0%3.5%Tajikistan20.1719.6419.5819.5819.5820.4721.2721.2722.040.3%2.0%Turkmenistan44.8835.3037.1439.1647.9346.9543.5048.7945.323.6%0.7%Uzbekistan-7.1%0.1%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)361.50454.99475.70491.76484.72518.20543.03555.77573.86MiddleEast3.3%3.9%12.2914.1513.9914.0114.1815.6615.7616.0415.80Bahrain142.06180.63193.48205.47198.63218.18236.48241.93253.64-1.5%2.1%Iran11.5014.6216.7717.8418.3618.724.8%4.9%Iraq4.876.608.9511.2711.7311.342.0%11.9%Israel5.127.017.978.488.988.95-3.4%6.8%Jordan2.662.263.944.084.003.923.743.633.928.0%3.3%Kuwait13.7919.8620.9721.3121.7423.5126.2727.4929.326.6%6.5%Lebanon0.250.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00-100.0%Oman17.3324.5224.6224.1426.4826.6026.0828.1128.611.8%4.3%Qatar26.0342.5441.0644.2644.2944.4344.1245.9746.431.0%4.9%SaudiArabia69.6682.8986.2590.7292.0093.2793.8595.86100.574.9%3.1%Syria9.084.053.533.493.473.332.923.112.90-6.6%-9.1%UnitedArabEmirates57.3969.5370.4364.0056.2463.4764.5763.3362.42-1.5%0.7%Yemen0.950.960.500.300.100.100.130.200.200.0%-12.2%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND139ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)102.57132.54142.28154.80161.40160.82150.46163.51164.190.0%4.0%Africa27.1240.0340.3141.7545.2446.6744.8649.3150.450.700.730.760.801.101.241.261.251.332.3%5.3%Algeria0.300.480.510.570.740.670.860.710.826.3%5.5%Angola0.100.500.570.600.680.961.001.031.0614.5%8.6%Cameroon1.541.961.972.192.032.162.222.352.502.1%21.9%Congo0.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.006.0%4.1%Côted'Ivoire41.6542.7748.2256.8460.2061.2559.2862.4861.34-100.0%Dem.Rep.Congo1.501.782.171.952.401.711.902.242.57-1.8%3.3%Egypt0.310.520.520.460.500.440.470.430.4315.0%4.6%EquatorialGuinea0.411.240.721.201.532.173.153.413.610.0%2.7%Gabon6.7112.1014.5817.4414.6710.653.286.636.975.9%19.8%Ghana0.661.181.201.191.071.020.790.790.225.1%0.3%Libya0.080.860.910.820.820.880.840.920.90-71.8%-8.7%Morocco10.2616.4917.5016.4717.4517.8417.9419.3719.21-1.9%22.5%Mozambique0.020.020.020.020.010.020.020.010.01-0.8%5.4%Nigeria4.514.994.944.794.955.004.904.264.230.0%-9.8%Senegal0.751.001.301.381.601.721.541.752.13-0.8%-0.5%SouthAfrica5.915.886.066.326.396.436.146.576.4221.7%9.1%Tanzania-2.3%0.7%Tunisia()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.140EniWorldEnergyReview2023ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)565.17684.63709.33737.19792.73819.32833.65886.61867.53-2.2%3.6%Asia-Pacific31.8438.4535.4636.4637.8739.5243.2542.4940.6719.2824.8827.1827.1927.1230.1930.4131.0730.62-4.3%2.1%Australia3.112.492.713.433.453.032.712.713.05-1.4%3.9%Bangladesh103.95184.44198.61227.01265.92288.63308.37347.82344.4512.7%-0.2%Brunei3.643.093.173.163.063.165.014.895.18-1.0%10.5%China63.2752.4855.8059.3460.9564.5361.1664.0560.806.0%3.0%HongKong45.1544.0445.4645.0645.2845.6039.6639.4238.65-5.1%-0.3%India100.02116.83119.71116.29111.40106.99107.18100.8695.97-2.0%-1.3%Indonesia36.2843.6641.5937.4645.1145.6242.5649.6051.18-4.9%-0.3%Japan1.493.524.104.233.763.083.543.993.623.2%2.9%Malaysia4.344.764.904.944.484.654.513.863.57-9.4%7.6%Myanmar31.4030.8931.0530.2836.8734.5737.1541.1337.96-7.6%-1.6%NewZealand3.553.343.833.784.224.253.853.303.00-7.7%1.6%Pakistan7.559.9410.1910.2410.4610.6210.7311.1210.92-9.1%-1.4%Philippines44.9345.7648.0550.2655.2756.8457.5563.2661.70-1.8%3.1%Singapore17.1322.3523.3625.6925.9325.5527.5930.0231.10-2.5%2.7%SouthKorea38.3443.9042.9641.8841.3041.7838.6739.0137.203.6%5.1%Taiwan9.459.1910.489.609.619.938.617.347.22-4.6%-0.3%Thailand0.440.630.720.900.680.771.130.660.66-1.5%-2.2%Vietnam0.1%3.5%OthersAsiaPacific()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND141ConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)942.121.097.271.121.351.116.781.188.341.239.941.192.801.217.581.250.762.7%2.4%Americas43.2649.8950.4751.5550.6249.7146.5747.4246.51-1.9%0.6%Argentina2.893.884.334.394.424.133.363.824.158.7%3.1%Bolivia28.2843.2536.6738.8736.6337.0434.9642.7232.56-23.8%1.2%Brazil88.0399.36120.44129.42135.80136.75130.58135.71140.463.5%4.0%Canada5.204.635.065.055.076.125.616.146.140.0%1.4%Chile9.5711.7411.1511.4211.9212.3112.1711.0611.060.0%1.2%Colombia0.991.151.100.970.900.880.830.600.600.0%-4.1%Cuba0.791.091.031.181.181.421.501.841.83-0.1%7.3%DominicanRepublic0.490.650.700.630.550.480.410.420.443.3%-1.0%Ecuador0.000.000.030.190.230.270.670.690.690.4%Jamaica63.0875.2076.9772.8084.1279.8481.8084.2884.09-0.2%2.4%Mexico0.000.000.000.000.260.800.430.520.52-0.1%Panama6.399.179.658.168.448.857.448.757.90-9.7%1.8%Peru21.3520.1617.8917.5718.1818.5115.7516.6216.20-2.5%-2.3%TrinidadandTobago646.72751.89759.30748.90807.08863.29836.24840.96881.094.8%2.6%UnitedStates0.070.050.060.070.060.090.070.080.080.3%0.5%Uruguay24.2323.6024.7824.3021.1917.5213.0714.5315.013.3%-3.9%Venezuela0.771.551.711.301.691.921.351.421.420.0%5.2%OthersAmericas()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.142EniWorldEnergyReview2023PerCapitaConsumptionAreasandAggregates()20152016201720182019202020212022(cubicmetres)77881584883383581586977720102,2032,2462,3062,5682,5202,4692,6932,6061,8591,9071,9371,8751,9682,0362,0612,098Europe990RussiaandCentralAsia2,465144150160162158144153150MiddleEast1,646172176182194199201212206Africa1,1941,2101,1951,2611,3061,2491,2691,296Asia-Pacific1262,3802,4402,4182,5782,7172,6142,6352,741Americas149452438428435420391413388-NorthAmerica1,074-CentralSouthAmerica2,135488499507527536526548538408679717756741763743780681World4831,2821,3241,3661,3351,3811,3901,4221,439EuropeanUnion27840MENA1,1301,2171,2541,2601,3031,3401,3081,3381,317OECD1,206317323333349352348370362NONOECDOPEC3089851,0191,0309891,0231,0261,0461,065NONOPEC875452462469493500489511497457PerCapitaConsumption(2022)cificlSouthtC.AsiaricaAsia-PaCeAnmtraericaEuropeEassiaandthAmeCubicmetresAfricaMiddleRusNor1503887772,0982,6062,741206()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances,ItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurityandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND143PerCapitaConsumptionTheWorldTop10ConsumersRankedbyPerCapitaConsumption()(cubicmetres)201020152016201720182019202020212022Canada2,5922,7853,3413,5463,6703,6433,4383,5523,616Russia3,1142,9282,9763,0783,4183,3363,2923,6653,564Iran1,8852,2082,3222,4312,3202,5202,7092,7522,864SaudiArabia2,3692,5312,5812,6532,6272,6032,6072,6662,762UnitedStates2,0852,3352,3402,2922,4552,6122,5202,5292,640UnitedKingdom1,5721,1031,2251,1841,1681,1451,0751,1371,048Germany1,0851,0601,0321,0581,0411,132Japan923993943Mexico781918943918882851856809774China56162663359367863864966566077132142161188203216244242TheWorldTop10(2022)yingdomtatesrabiaChinaMexicoJapananitedKitedSudiAnRussiaCanadaCubicmetres242660774GermUnUnSaIra3,5643,6169431,0482,6402,7622,864()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.144EniWorldEnergyReview2023PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(cubicmetres)990778815848833835815869777Europe511141513231718161,1309309641,0289691,0059561,008881Albania2,1641,8981,8851,9292,0491,9631,8211,8721,778Austria1,7901,4421,4621,4851,5241,5351,5211,5211,285Belarus5962686071Belgium61419437684316542173395BosniaHerzegovina360569598452641406717479643Bulgaria701711768692744678790696687Croatia891585587787539779422845285CzechRepublic926345378557364508305384258Denmark491475436358458334444346221Estonia832639696408666448629447594Finland7949239936981,0326781,041667943France1,0852883781,0604501,0585451,132493Germany3418919574579914941,055607955Greece1,1509371,0471,0211,0801,0161,0711,1221,032Hungary1,2091,0681,1241,0511,1561,0831,1391,0211,188Ireland1,3236416561,1937021,1885581,228435Italy809811730591718670813598564Latvia9231,5711,4147691,3087611,146783945Lithuania2,7441,3526931,2837181,218705Luxembourg00586911707962705823Malta08718858272,0689492,0971,0641,545Moldova9371,9542,0402,1071152,1471542,003128Netherlands2,80462971251,2061349821961,336NorthMacedonia531,3891,2371,0984951,0835261,079464Norway1,518421448473568498585561544Poland389455487611587597580560516Portugal493520530569355551335599403Romania613287312351870334871407952Serbia296830832883400871404969375Slovakia1,077371392409673405686425693Slovenia488615627681115762141720Spain777859610639010738411271Sweden182401416414576397549415337Switzerland447575549627673516632674610Türkiye4996746646391,1686151,075639629Ukraine1,4071,1031,2251,1841,1451,1371,048UnitedKingdom1,572()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances,ItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurityandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND145PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(cubicmetres)2,4652,2032,2462,3062,5682,5202,4692,6932,606RussiaandCentralAsia3,1142,9282,9763,0783,4183,3363,2923,6653,564Russia5107827517958388818889751,055Armenia9881,168Azerbaijan3081,1301,0961,0541,0651,1981,2021,243Georgia640602634631715718746810Kazakhstan1,5616929218891,038Kyrgyzstan524546481,1681,2481,2361,028Tajikistan250005250516065Turkmenistan624242424Uzbekistan3,8283,4063,3363,2803,4271,5681,1401,1811,2263,2283,3233,4033,3541,3091,4771,4241,2981,432MiddleEast201020152016201720182019202020212022Bahrain1,6461,8591,9071,9371,8751,9682,0362,0612,098IranIraq10,12810,3859,9269,6179,53110,48310,66410,96210,731Israel1,8852,2082,3222,4312,3202,5202,7092,7522,864JordanKuwait156175231290360403419422421Lebanon6998759771,0211,0621,0401,2871,3181,254Oman384238396Qatar4,6865,0805,179400382367342325347SaudiArabia495,1665,0355,2946,0246,4696,868Syria6,01500UnitedArabEmirates15,1905,8505,597000000Yemen2,36917,61715,8215,3155,7565,7795,7416,2186,2514062,5312,58116,32016,00715,82815,98417,10217,2286,7672,6532,6272,6032,6072,6662,762382111867,7977,8311841791661411461317,0586,1536,8906,9526,7636,61134171033466()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.146EniWorldEnergyReview2023PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(cubicmetres)126144150160162158144153150Africa7561,0129991,0151,0791,0931,0321,1161,124302626263538383637Algeria152122233026332629Angola2299110113126172175177177Cameroon738381888083838689Congo000000000Côted'Ivoire477438483558580580552572553Dem.Rep.Congo1,3711,554Egypt1831,3192491,3451,5991,1031,1891,3681,534EquatorialGuinea1625625214228195206183179Gabon1,033432,32140496998104108Ghana2034492985Libya31,954332,7342,2641,62122211,023Morocco64349334302827296Mozambique2321292829869127Nigeria8790888588881088Senegal1722421183720SouthAfrica54389518858686252871Tanzania1924272950553633Tunisia509535536533519()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND147PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(cubicmetres)149172176182194199201212206Asia-Pacific1,4461,6141,4651,4831,5161,5591,6851,6391,553130158170168166182182183179AustraliaBangladesh7,8625,8986,3717,9647,9366,9286,1326,0856,801Brunei77132142161188203216244242China511417426423409421668652692HongKong514042444547444643India185170174170170169146144140Indonesia781918943918882851856809774JapanMalaysia1,2631,4051,3191,1721,3921,3911,2821,4771,508Myanmar306879817158667467NewZealand998925939892752688Pakistan1611,0361,0491,040168155164178161Philippines371461451403938342926Singapore323735SouthKorea1,4621,7991,8101,8161,8721,828Taiwan9211,7591,7831,7771,0701,0971,1101,2211,191Thailand7428979369761,0931,0741,1581,2581,302Vietnam562951990OthersAsiaPacific1086256081,086581586541545519111001125911011048975741315102131421121218()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.148EniWorldEnergyReview2023PerCapitaConsumptionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022(cubicmetres)1,0741,1941,2101,1951,2611,3061,2491,2691,296Americas1,0531,1531,1561,1701,1401,1111,0341,0471,022282350384383381350281316340Argentina144211177186174175164199151BoliviaBrazil2,5922,7853,3413,5463,6703,6433,4383,5523,616Canada306259280275271322291315313Chile214249234236242245239215213Colombia8810197867978735454Cuba8010598111109130136165163DominicanRepublic334043383228232424Ecuador0011698396237244245Jamaica561626633593678638649665660Mexico000062190101119117Panama219299310258262270223259232PeruTrinidadandTobago15,13713,80512,17611,88412,08312,17610,37810,89510,582UnitedStates2,0852,3352,3402,2922,4552,6122,5202,5292,640UruguayVenezuela221618201927202323OthersAmericas844773806795711605459515530127285319244319363255269268()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandIHSGlobalInsightdata.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND149Production/ConsumptionRatioAreasandAggregates()Europe201020152016201720182019202020212022RussiaandCentralAsiaMiddleEast0.480.500.480.460.450.420.400.360.43Africa1.411.541.531.591.501.571.491.481.39Asia-Pacific1.271.261.261.251.261.251.231.241.25Americas1.981.521.521.541.531.521.501.541.49-NorthAmerica0.830.760.760.760.750.760.750.730.77-CentralSouthAmerica0.991.021.001.021.021.061.081.081.090.991.061.031.061.071.111.131.161.16World1.000.870.860.860.830.840.830.770.82EuropeanUnion270.991.021.001.021.011.031.011.001.02MENA0.300.240.230.200.180.160.130.110.12OECD1.391.291.291.271.291.281.251.281.28NONOECD0.730.790.770.790.800.840.850.840.89OPEC1.241.221.211.221.181.191.151.131.12NONOPEC1.211.141.151.171.171.151.131.141.130.961.000.980.990.981.010.990.981.00Production/ConsumptionRatio(2022)ericaC.AsiauthAmericastdificEuropeAsia-PacCentralSoNorthAmMiddleEaRussiaanAfrica0.430.770.821.161.251.391.49()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,onMinistryforEcologicalTransitiondata.Allrightsreserved.150EniWorldEnergyReview2023Production/ConsumptionRatioTheWorldTop10ProducersRankedbyProduction/ConsumptionRatio()Norway201020152016201720182019202020212022QatarAustralia14.8516.6018.3821.9019.3820.2521.5820.1017.50Algeria4.794.014.213.893.873.903.913.793.78Canada1.621.762.272.823.113.473.423.363.77Russia3.092.082.322.282.121.911.872.101.99UnitedStates1.711.631.491.441.411.351.381.381.42Iran1.411.441.451.511.421.511.441.431.30SaudiArabia0.890.980.961.001.011.081.101.121.11China1.001.001.021.041.061.081.071.081.081.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.000.900.710.670.630.590.590.610.580.62TheWorldTop10(2022)rabiatatesCanadaAlgeriaAustraliaQatarorwayChinaSaudiAIrandSssia1.421.993.773.78N0.621.001.08UniteRu17.501.111.30()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND151Production/ConsumptionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe0.480.500.480.460.450.420.400.360.43Albania1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Austria0.170.150.130.130.120.100.090.070.08Belarus0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01Bulgaria0.030.030.030.020.010.010.020.010.01Croatia0.840.710.630.490.440.350.280.260.29CzechRepublic0.020.030.030.030.030.020.020.020.03Denmark1.661.451.411.581.381.090.560.650.86France0.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Germany0.150.100.090.080.060.060.050.050.06Greece0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Hungary0.230.180.180.170.180.160.150.130.15Ireland0.050.030.590.660.610.470.360.290.26Italy0.100.100.080.070.070.070.060.040.04Netherlands1.621.381.271.050.910.740.550.510.55Norway14.8516.6018.3821.9019.3820.2521.5820.1017.50Poland0.290.270.240.230.220.210.200.180.22Romania0.800.990.860.890.860.890.760.750.89Serbia0.170.260.220.180.170.180.160.120.11Slovakia0.020.020.020.030.020.030.010.010.01Slovenia0.010.000.010.010.020.010.010.010.01Spain0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Türkiye0.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01Ukraine0.280.570.590.630.640.700.660.640.70UnitedKingdom0.590.560.520.530.520.510.550.430.54()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,onItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Allrightsreserved.152EniWorldEnergyReview2023Production/ConsumptionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022RussiaandCentralAsia1.411.541.531.591.501.571.491.481.39RussiaAzerbaijan1.411.441.451.511.421.511.441.431.30Georgia1.781.691.671.671.731.952.092.482.82Kazakhstan0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.010.00Kyrgyzstan1.102.201.862.231.811.431.301.351.31Tajikistan0.080.110.090.080.080.070.060.050.06Turkmenistan0.121.001.001.000.010.000.000.000.00Uzbekistan2.134.043.863.894.094.013.683.733.851.251.311.281.231.221.221.081.041.07MiddleEast201020152016201720182019202020212022Bahrain1.271.261.261.251.261.251.231.241.25IranIraq1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Israel1.001.001.021.041.061.081.071.081.08Jordan1.001.001.000.880.720.650.390.500.51Kuwait0.610.980.960.960.930.941.301.561.80Oman0.060.050.030.020.020.020.040.050.05Qatar0.810.810.770.750.780.790.780.730.73SaudiArabia1.591.341.361.401.441.451.451.441.50Syria4.794.014.213.893.873.903.913.793.78UnitedArabEmirates1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Yemen0.931.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.000.840.820.830.800.800.820.800.810.836.572.971.001.001.001.001.001.001.00()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND153Production/ConsumptionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022Africa1.981.521.521.541.531.521.501.541.49AlgeriaAngola3.092.082.322.282.121.911.872.101.99Cameroon1.001.002.146.905.595.235.684.613.95Congo1.001.001.001.002.053.322.623.113.02Côted'Ivoire1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Egypt1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00EquatorialGuinea1.300.850.840.890.991.081.001.081.05Gabon4.143.983.444.013.063.463.022.993.00Ghana1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Libya0.000.560.850.740.560.720.800.860.86Morocco2.381.561.311.251.291.512.301.461.42Mozambique0.080.070.060.060.070.090.110.120.31Nigeria39.545.485.305.855.845.415.495.125.20Senegal3.012.522.292.602.492.462.462.121.97SouthAfrica1.021.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Tanzania0.330.220.210.170.200.220.220.010.00Tunisia1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.000.610.500.440.390.370.340.370.390.38()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.154EniWorldEnergyReview2023Production/ConsumptionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022Asia-Pacific0.830.760.760.760.750.760.750.730.77AustraliaBangladesh1.621.762.272.823.113.473.423.363.77Brunei1.001.001.001.001.000.890.810.810.84China3.844.403.893.383.603.513.833.492.88India0.900.710.670.630.590.590.610.580.62Indonesia0.790.580.540.520.510.460.440.500.55Japan1.931.731.651.611.611.481.501.501.49Malaysia0.040.020.020.030.020.020.020.020.02Myanmar1.641.541.601.741.531.571.521.421.46NewZealand7.924.874.534.394.545.684.784.354.68Pakistan1.030.991.000.980.961.001.001.031.00Philippines1.000.910.840.730.770.750.740.700.74SouthKorea1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Taiwan0.010.000.000.010.010.000.000.000.00Thailand0.020.020.010.010.010.010.000.000.00Vietnam0.750.680.680.660.640.650.610.600.55OthersAsiaPacific1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.0012.0427.6624.7819.9824.4222.9315.8827.0927.07()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-SUPPLYANDDEMAND155Production/ConsumptionRatioCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022Americas0.991.021.001.021.021.061.081.081.09ArgentinaBolivia0.930.780.790.790.820.870.850.850.93Brazil4.965.414.634.444.093.834.534.103.41Canada0.540.560.670.720.700.730.720.590.72Chile1.711.631.491.441.411.351.381.381.42Colombia0.350.210.230.240.240.240.200.190.19Cuba1.151.031.001.001.000.990.971.001.00Ecuador1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Mexico1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00Peru0.790.530.460.420.390.400.440.440.46TrinidadandTobago1.391.611.691.781.691.701.821.551.74UnitedStates1.951.851.811.851.931.921.891.541.65Venezuela0.890.980.961.001.011.081.101.121.11OthersAmericas0.920.981.001.001.001.001.001.001.000.030.010.010.020.020.010.010.010.01()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.NaturalGas-TradeandPricesEXPORTSTheWorldTop10ExportersCountriesIMPORTSTheWorldTop10ImportersCountriesImportsbyCountryofOrigin-PipelineandLNG2022ImportsbyCountryofOrigin-Pipeline2022ImportsbyCountryofOrigin-LNG2022TRADEDGASLNG-LIQUEFACTIONANDREGASIFICATIONCAPACITYLiquefactionCapacity-CountriesRegasificationCapacity-CountriesNATURALGASBALANCE-ITALYNATURALGASPRICES158EniWorldEnergyReview2023ExportsTheWorldTop10Exporters()(billioncubicmetres)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)86,5798,58127,49144,53185,48192,37UnitedStates30,4247,3361,26218,13234,27248,35228,22231,71159,833.7%16.6%Russia179,31191,86203,66128,07127,11129,04128,45128,15129,21-31.0%-1.0%Qatar98,76128,23131,89120,94117,77111,55108,71111,36119,762.3%Norway102,90112,52112,5471,4584,50102,39108,46106,02115,940.8%1.3%Australia24,3334,1550,6083,4778,2174,7969,6578,1384,507.5%13.9%Canada92,0576,3782,6356,6760,4161,6657,0758,0862,789.4%-0.7%Turkmenistan22,7459,6455,9853,4250,8642,3139,0354,4149,718.2%8.8%Algeria56,5843,0353,3835,9131,7834,3131,7930,1533,128.1%-1.1%Malaysia31,2032,7032,9111,2023,42-8.6%0.5%UnitedKingdom15,1413,8010,307,468,149,536,819.8%3.7%243.8%TheWorldTop10653,43739,64795,16865,83890,94940,03925,44990,30970,64-2.0%3.4%RestoftheWorld295,67314,19298,36295,14268,74278,50251,45249,56289,2915.9%-0.2%World949,101.053,821.093,531.160,971.159,681.218,541.176,901.239,861.259,941.6%2.4%TheWorldTop10(2022)ingdomnistantatesnitedKalaysialgeriaurkmeanadaAustraliaNorwayQatariaitedSShareofWorldUMATC9.2%9.5%10.3%RussUn12.7%15.3%2.6%3.9%5.0%6.7%1.9%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES159ExportsCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,003,70218.2%9.3%Europe3,201,660,670,311,334,353,372,949,350,000,000,000,030,010,010,010,000,00785.3%7.5%Austria0,460,350,380,190,110,070,050,121,09-100.0%Belgium0,150,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0023.5%Bulgaria3,672,292,212,331,601,371,661,792,21104.2%-4.1%Croatia2,973,461,684,093,759,488,455,5811,4011.8%CzechRepublic19,9531,6822,4831,290,000,000,000,205,50199.0%-10.2%Denmark0,000,000,000,000,000,020,030,020,48France0,220,530,000,000,000,000,000,000,005.8%-100.0%Germany0,130,210,200,260,380,310,301,474,397.5%33.7%Greece0,000,090,040,200,180,500,500,131,87403.1%Hungary49,6146,1249,7121,7620,7020,1513,8914,0714,8832.2%-9.6%Italy102,90112,52112,54120,94117,77111,55108,71111,36119,7629.6%1.3%Lithuania0,040,050,831,180,661,281,350,110,5523.5%Netherlands0,000,000,000,020,030,010,130,690,91100.4%Norway0,000,000,000,000,000,000,001,311,70-82.1%14.8%Poland0,000,000,000,000,010,000,000,000,00391.0%Romania1,175,124,032,913,291,141,193,066,139.3%Slovakia0,000,000,000,010,020,030,030,060,01243.8%-100.0%Slovenia0,620,600,650,600,640,730,550,371,80Spain0,010,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,003.7%Sweden15,1413,8010,3011,207,468,149,536,8123,42TürkiyeUkraineUnitedKingdom()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,fromItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.160EniWorldEnergyReview2023ExportsCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)179,31191,86203,66218,13234,27248,35228,22231,71159,83-31.0%-1.0%RussiaandCentralAsia6,047,957,868,659,6811,5513,5118,6322,1018.6%11.4%Russia0,000,100,000,000,000,000,000,000,00Azerbaijan6,0820,1121,5026,2226,7926,2520,339,848,39-14.7%2.7%Georgia22,7459,6455,9856,6760,4161,6657,0758,0862,788.1%8.8%Kazakhstan11,0510,199,938,7011,5511,552,885,155,323.3%-5.9%TurkmenistanUzbekistan201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)MiddleEast8,358,928,9213,0113,6817,1916,6918,7820,539.3%7.8%Iran0,000,000,000,060,100,184,046,789,1334.6%Israel0,000,000,801,060,290,290,290,290,290.0%2.1%Jordan12,2710,4211,0011,6213,6814,0013,3513,9315,7212.9%2.3%Oman98,76128,23131,89128,07127,11129,04128,45128,15129,210.8%-1.1%Qatar7,457,057,126,707,007,176,327,006,49-7.3%-100.0%UnitedArabEmirates5,301,890,000,000,000,000,000,000,00Yemen201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGRAfrica(2022-2021)(2022-2010)AlgeriaAngola56,5843,0353,3853,4250,8642,3139,0354,4149,71-8.6%-1.1%Cameroon0,000,000,864,715,065,225,914,523,93-13.1%Egypt0,000,000,000,000,781,571,401,501,64-2.3%EquatorialGuinea12,330,241,311,122,284,832,038,979,279.5%0.7%Libya4,715,295,315,874,964,213,824,465,133.3%-9.1%Mozambique9,266,754,564,374,275,414,273,072,9615.0%1.8%Nigeria3,043,873,923,973,983,883,793,773,77-3.5%-0.9%20,6525,0122,5926,3725,9626,0326,2021,6418,590.0%-14.1%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES161ExportsCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)24,3334,1550,6071,4584,50102,39108,46106,02115,949.4%13.9%Asia-Pacific8,838,367,888,238,917,627,656,755,73-15.1%-3.5%Australia3,923,163,293,443,273,505,025,375,673.1%Brunei41,8532,1329,6227,6427,5221,9819,8819,8719,055.6%-6.3%China31,2032,7032,9135,9131,7834,3131,7930,1533,12-4.1%0.5%Indonesia10,3413,6614,5114,3113,3214,4113,3913,3613,309.8%2.1%Malaysia0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00-0.5%Myanmar5,0016,6917,1517,1715,9616,9416,8917,3817,3710.9%Vietnam0.0%OthersAsiaPacific201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Americas0,460,090,060,080,430,270,180,852,54373.5%5.8%11,4117,1415,7415,0813,6811,6611,8611,8510,02-0.1%0.3%Argentina92,0576,3782,6383,4778,2174,7969,6578,1384,5012.2%-1.5%Bolivia0,000,000,350,210,160,000,000,000,00Canada1,390,330,000,000,000,000,000,000,00-8.5%-100.0%Chile0,000,000,000,040,030,040,060,060,06-16.9%Colombia0,920,030,030,020,010,010,010,010,01-21.3%-35.1%DominicanRepublic2,485,586,696,375,846,236,104,805,85-35.8%6.2%Mexico20,3317,0514,4814,9216,8217,0414,059,0210,4628.3%-7.1%Peru30,4247,3361,2686,5798,58127,49144,53185,48192,3717.9%TrinidadandTobagoUnitedStates()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.162EniWorldEnergyReview2023ImportsTheWorldTop10Importers()(billioncubicmetres)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)86,37113,31120,66126,04151,15136,03China14,6456,5868,69114,22110,16104,64104,4797,7796,52-10.0%20.4%Japan96,12113,79115,39111,3582,0388,0177,3178,6087,69-1.3%0.0%Germany91,6599,9294,9281,8877,6373,7468,6378,2984,3211.6%-0.4%UnitedStates101,0973,1580,8866,3464,6567,6963,2469,5369,147.7%-1.5%Italy71,7758,3662,1850,7457,7456,0555,8963,6663,28-0.6%-0.3%SouthKorea45,6945,2946,0646,5346,5446,0143,0450,4755,65-0.6%2.8%UnitedKingdom54,5644,5947,4247,9748,6055,1046,8946,9653,2710.2%0.2%France48,9843,6145,7652,9048,1543,2946,0856,2151,3013.4%0.7%Türkiye36,4246,3844,3941,5351,1747,7145,2647,0745,09-8.7%2.9%Mexico14,7035,0941,35-4.2%9.8%TheWorldTop10575,64616,75647,04699,83699,98702,89676,85739,71742,280.3%2.1%RestoftheWorld380,16401,67411,89420,89420,17459,39448,04456,15447,38World955,801.018,421.058,921.120,721.120,151.162,271.124,891.195,871.189,66-1.9%1.4%-0.5%1.8%TheWorldTop10(2022)exicoürkiyeranceingdomoreaStatesnydKuthKlytedermaapanhinaShareofWorldMTFUniteSoItaUniGJC4.7%5.3%5.8%3.8%4.3%4.5%7.1%7.4%8.1%11.4%()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,fromItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES163ImportsCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)7,115,837,248,167,5510,976,254,5911,76156.4%4.3%Europe20,8318,1418,0018,3619,6318,8417,4217,7816,80-5.5%-1.8%22,7317,7717,3116,9618,8922,3520,8120,5824,4518.8%0.6%Austria0,230,210,210,230,230,220,200,240,23-4.0%0.0%Belarus2,482,933,023,173,012,862,833,182,87-9.8%1.2%Belgium1,011,011,221,751,531,932,072,233,0938.9%9.8%BosniaHerzegovina8,117,177,818,537,689,147,288,358,360.1%0.3%Bulgaria0,160,690,710,540,401,162,582,412,6811.0%26.6%Croatia0,650,450,500,470,480,470,430,490,40-16.8%-3.9%CzechRepublic4,462,602,392,232,532,492,462,471,27-48.6%-10.0%Denmark48,9843,6145,7647,9748,6055,1046,8946,9653,2713.4%0.7%Estonia91,6599,9294,92111,3582,0388,0177,3178,6087,6911.6%-0.4%Finland3,763,114,034,914,825,185,806,315,68-10.0%3.5%France9,206,607,369,567,5011,347,717,279,1125.4%-0.1%Germany5,214,211,981,642,022,813,383,623,835.9%-2.5%Greece71,7758,3662,1866,3464,6567,6963,2469,5369,14-0.6%-0.3%Hungary1,051,261,071,181,341,281,061,120,80-28.4%-2.2%Ireland2,892,492,202,422,222,672,772,333,4447.9%1.5%Italy1,390,890,820,810,800,800,720,780,61-21.5%-6.6%Latvia0,000,000,000,300,370,370,360,380,38-2.1%Lithuania2,692,482,502,302,492,552,542,762,16-22.0%-1.8%Luxembourg21,4633,9138,2620,1926,0529,9530,4125,9021,40-17.4%0.0%Malta0,130,200,260,240,280,320,410,27-35.0%7.6%Moldova0,110,000,000,000,010,030,030,160,07-57.4%22.4%Netherlands0,0111,6214,1715,1515,2116,8216,8317,8314,76-17.2%3.0%NorthMacedonia10,364,734,966,325,906,145,995,775,810.7%0.9%Norway5,240,191,371,111,412,481,993,302,75-16.6%2.2%Poland2,111,611,662,022,042,101,842,192,6219.6%3.1%Portugal1,824,294,215,084,256,494,194,979,0081.2%3.7%Romania5,820,770,820,850,840,850,850,900,79-11.8%-1.9%Serbia1,0032,7832,7935,0435,2337,6532,8737,4140,167.4%0.6%Slovakia37,160,840,951,101,211,141,511,250,76-39.0%-6.5%Slovenia1,703,483,503,323,413,313,602,95-18.2%-1.4%Spain3,503,3244,3952,9048,1543,2946,0856,2151,30-8.7%2.9%Sweden36,4246,3810,2413,109,8411,068,597,427,470.7%-11.9%Switzerland34,3815,4647,4246,5346,5446,0143,0450,4755,6510.2%0.2%Türkiye54,5644,59UkraineUnitedKingdom()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesand,forItaly,fromItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.164EniWorldEnergyReview2023EImxportsCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)4,078,418,548,398,978,718,597,806,651,592,282,152,292,362,472,502,712,93-14.7%4.2%RussiaandCentralAsia0,000,000,292,061,760,000,000,000,008.1%5.2%Russia1,172,502,262,382,372,692,702,793,02Armenia3,435,456,826,429,7016,1812,772,332,238.3%8.2%Azerbaijan0,270,240,250,270,300,290,310,370,41-4.3%-3.5%Georgia0,170,000,000,000,050,230,230,240,249.7%3.6%Kazakhstan0,020,070,070,000,000,000,001,931,930.3%3.0%Kyrgyzstan0.0%45.5%TajikistanUzbekistan201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)MiddleEast8,858,435,773,802,080,390,310,250,25-0.1%-25.7%0,000,000,001,384,055,8010,849,259,250.0%Iran2,010,110,300,430,700,720,640,190,05-72.4%-26.2%Iraq2,502,144,645,054,204,123,883,744,037.8%4.0%Israel2,653,794,725,254,734,945,847,318,0410.0%9.7%Jordan0,250,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00Kuwait1,972,062,042,042,072,071,661,551,550.0%-100.0%Lebanon0,650,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00-2.0%Oman16,5419,8819,2819,7518,0518,7319,0219,0417,16-9.9%Syria-100.0%UnitedArabEmirates0.3%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)0,006,629,087,642,910,002,043,906,34Africa0,410,540,110,310,670,610,640,490,4962.5%1.5%0,611,101,131,121,000,930,700,690,150.0%-10.8%Egypt3,043,873,923,973,983,883,834,224,22-77.7%Ghana2,342,953,413,834,014,223,893,993,970.0%2.8%Morocco-0.4%4.5%SouthAfricaTunisia()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.NATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES165EImxportsCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(billioncubicmetres)4,445,025,665,164,665,054,495,193,80-26.7%-1.3%Asia-Pacific0,000,000,000,000,003,255,696,054,98-17.6%14,6456,5868,6986,37113,31120,66126,04151,15136,03-10.0%20.4%Australia3,643,093,173,163,063,165,014,895,183.0%Bangladesh13,3022,1425,7228,4029,7035,0334,0831,7527,226.0%6.1%China96,12113,79115,39114,22110,16104,64104,4797,7796,52-14.3%0.0%HongKong8,169,097,948,148,098,479,849,369,35-1.3%1.1%India0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00Japan0,002,664,928,289,859,1910,9612,369,810.0%3.1%Malaysia7,559,8910,1310,3310,4210,6210,6911,1210,922.8%Myanmar45,6945,2946,0650,7457,7456,0555,8963,6663,28-20.6%5.2%Pakistan16,8922,0422,9625,5526,0925,6727,5430,2131,00-1.8%4.8%Singapore9,5813,9113,5414,4114,7114,5614,9915,7816,87-0.6%-4.9%SouthKorea0,150,000,010,170,090,130,070,080,082.6%Taiwan6.9%Thailand0.4%OthersAsiaPacific201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Americas3,4711,1210,6311,079,496,637,037,985,97-25.2%4.6%12,9418,8412,0010,9710,8410,039,8417,258,98-47.9%-3.0%Argentina21,7819,2521,8424,7722,7625,4523,2223,7723,960.8%Brazil3,503,644,254,084,024,694,424,954,950.8%2.9%Canada0,000,000,010,010,010,150,340,040,040.0%Chile0,791,111,021,221,191,461,561,891,890.0%7.5%Colombia0,000,000,030,190,230,240,670,690,690.0%DominicanRepublic14,7035,0941,3541,5351,1747,7145,2647,0745,090.0%9.8%Jamaica0,000,000,000,000,260,800,430,520,52-4.2%Mexico101,0973,1580,8881,8877,6373,7468,6378,2984,32-0.1%-1.5%Panama0,070,050,060,070,060,090,070,080,087.7%0.5%UnitedStates1,950,360,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.3%-100.0%Uruguay0,751,531,691,281,661,901,341,411,415.4%Venezuela0.0%OthersAmericas()Datasource:theoriginaldataarefromIEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.DatahavebeenconvertedbyEniusingaunifiedgrosscalorificvalueof40MJ/cm.166EniWorldEnergyReview2023NaturalGas-ImportsbyCountryofOrigin-PipelineandLNG2022(billioncubicmetres)EUROPEImportersAustriaExportersBelarusBelgiumBosniaHerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGibraltarGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgNorthMacedoniaMaltaMoldovaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTürkiyeUkraineUnitedKingdomEurope0.010.000.760.33Austria2.280.000.000.000.010.05Belgium0.000.0814.930.142.11BulgariaCroatia0.030.320.48CzechRepublic0.59Denmark0.070.000.540.68Estonia0.01France0.630.00Germany0.10Gibraltar0.560.211.390.001.700.680.200.02GreeceHungary1.990.154.392.070.52ItalyLatvia0.000.02LithuaniaMoldova0.770.100.00Netherlands0.10Norway0.030.440.63PortugalSlovakia0.000.000.13SloveniaSpain0.320.630.57Sweden0.070.010.02TürkiyeUkraine2.162.1514.620.370.000.010.010.000.020.220.250.11UnitedKingdom8.420.360.0530.999.430.7912.4427.680.196.220.900.210.420.210.030.080.391.070.080.040.020.001.480.420.010.220.000.070.020.145.180.08RussiaandC.Asia18.112.930.241.210.040.678.4525.931.008.8514.180.190.280.000.282.456.370.042.990.300.382.832.390.074.980.0621.580.49Russia0.55Azerbaijan1.1310.338.70KazakhstanTurkmenistanUzbekistanMiddleEast9.40IranIsrael0.090.090.000.520.110.03OmanQatar5.800.092.247.290.392.301.370.097.74UnitedArabEmiratesAfrica0.194.540.4825.980.129.385.260.58Algeria0.02Angola0.090.092.670.280.100.63Cameroon1.12EquatorialGuinea0.100.010.510.28EgyptLibya0.080.360.290.100.530.09MozambiqueNigeria0.090.290.450.690.790.091.342.230.113.120.050.020.260.190.210.182.925.590.820.51Asia-Pacific0.160.01AustraliaBrunei0.090.010.09China0.01IndonesiaMalaysia0.01MyanmarSingapore0.01SouthKoreaPapuaNewGuineaAmericas0.01ArgentinaBolivia0.172.20Canada1.21Jamaica0.010.220.260.940.100.3811.460.000.360.18MexicoPeru1.940.392.1213.711.862.922.370.128.573.432.005.640.4912.78TrinidadandTobagoUnitedStatesNon-specified/Others12.190.200.008.610.009.470.950.473.850.010.000.260.000.103.800.014.800.07TOTALBYCOUNTRY12.218.125.10.22.93.08.62.80.41.355.484.30.15.79.33.872.60.83.50.60.30.42.539.10.115.25.83.02.86.20.839.70.83.154.77.856.5()Datasource:IEA(2023)NaturalGasInformation.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES167RUSSIAANDCENTRALASIAMIDDLEEASTAFRICAASIA-PACIFICAMERICASRussiaArmeniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanTajikistanUzbekistanIranIraqIsraelJordanKuwaitOmanUnitedArabEmiratesBeninEgyptGhanaMoroccoSouthAfricaTogoTunisiaAustraliaBangladeshChinaHongKongIndiaJapanMalaysiaPakistanSingaporeSouthKoreaTaiwanThailandOthersAsia-PacificArgentinaBrazilCanadaChileJamaicaMexicoPanamaUnitedStatesUruguayOthersAmericasTOTALBYCOUNTRY1.10.3517.82.10.00.81.90.60.115.09.10.00.91.20.10.31.30.00.0620.00.0997.80.40.20.40.020.041.80.00.20.10.137.02.601.910.3718.720.668.480.050.072.412.03164.620.76.964.4311.40.2930.1230.40.040.242.492.80.429.7419.610.43.756.6315.1126.00.151.041.191.163.270.076.380.080.885.84.1021.4110.843.883.811.5018.073.301.289.020.5813.028.903.090.050.440.160.120.490.300.160.073.960.090.190.170.100.080.0951.30.272.280.030.070.100.096.70.060.410.101.50.060.480.540.160.100.240.090.200.353.70.060.460.130.260.010.120.070.780.198.23.10.02.030.520.632.901.130.170.710.400.420.0220.70.1033.530.8240.272.913.5115.289.121.830.01107.50.440.074.141.050.250.300.386.65.465.54.533.450.210.055.314.131.730.1419.710.2416.420.021.057.141.202.1338.24.127.5311.70.010.00.03.425.090.050.782.350.0411.70.001.350.081.484.949.43.755.6984.90.00.030.04.00.270.240.770.200.1510.1174.30.550.500.080.080.150.710.050.110.100.580.650.690.671.480.061.622.742.505.300.090.657.643.020.741.902.4124.092.771.440.0446.990.463.022.040.260.500.230.180.050.164.450.133.620.155.300.190.090.010.1365.37.03.03.02.20.40.22.00.39.70.14.28.51.518.10.26.70.50.24.40.14.03.65.1140.05.526.393.89.510.011.560.729.618.50.16.18.924.45.12.20.747.085.60.12.11222.5168EniWorldEnergyReview2023NaturalGas-ImportsbyCountryofOrigin-Pipeline2022(billioncubicmetres)EUROPEImportersExportersAustriaBelgiumBelarusBosniaHerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgNorthMacedoniaMoldovaNetherlandsPolandPortugalRomaniaSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTürkiyeUkraineUnitedKingdomEuropeAustria0.010.000.760.330.0814.930.000.05Belgium0.142.28Bulgaria2.11Croatia0.03CzechRepublic0.320.480.59Denmark0.070.000.540.68Estonia0.630.01France0.560.210.101.391.690.680.02Germany1.990.154.392.070.52Greece0.770.100.000.10Hungary0.030.440.63Italy0.000.13Latvia0.320.79Lithuania0.620.56Netherlands2.162.1514.620.370.007.820.220.250.1111.3427.680.02Norway9.406.220.210.2230.740.03MoldovaPortugal0.420.21SlovakiaSlovenia0.390.021.07Spain0.22TürkiyeUkraine0.000.070.02UnitedKingdom1.480.145.180.08RussiaandC.Asia0.551.1310.330.382.832.390.078.70Azerbaijan0.1918.110.241.210.040.443.3325.930.828.8513.990.190.280.000.282.452.682.9321.38KazakhstanRussiaTurkmenistanUzbekistanMiddleEastIran9.40IsraelQatarAfrica23.448.98AlgeriaLibya3.12NigeriaAsia-PacificChinaIndonesiaMalaysiaMyanmarAmericasArgentinaBoliviaCanadaMexicoUnitedStatesNon-specified/Others12.190.008.615.030.950.473.850.010.000.103.804.80TOTALBYCOUNTRY12.213.918.10.22.50.58.62.80.41.123.284.32.29.33.857.50.80.30.60.32.519.99.00.13.02.86.20.811.30.63.139.57.330.9()Datasource:IEA(2023)NaturalGasInformation.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES169RUSSIAANDCENTRALASIAMIDDLEEASTAFRICAASIA-PACIFICAMERICASRussiaArmeniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanUzbekistanTajikistanIranIraqJordanOmanUnitedArabEmiratesBeninEgyptGhanaMoroccoSouthAfricaTogoTunisiaAustraliaChinaHongKongMalaysiaSingaporeThailandOthersAsia-PacificArgentinaBrazilCanadaChileMexicoUnitedStatesUruguayTOTALBYCOUNTRY1.117.52.10.00.81.90.64.79.10.91.20.10.31.219.994.40.00.40.20.41.10.20.16.96.964.4320.79.7011.42.601.910.3730.12123.62.4930.40.292.80.040.240.429.7419.63.756.6310.41.5017.2318.73.9636.43.10.520.55.465.50.215.195.41.051.14.127.5311.70.001.350.081.49.43.755.6984.90.084.8971.10.0353.824.0946.99686.93.022.040.260.180.164.450.133.620.090.39.73.71.517.27.03.03.02.20.42.00.20.26.60.50.24.40.14.03.650.95.50.26.27.50.13.85.724.11.447.084.90.1170EniWorldEnergyReview2023NaturalGas-ImportsbyCountryofOrigin-LNG2022(billioncubicmetres)EUROPEImportersExportersBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaFranceFinlandGreeceItalyLithuaniaMaltaNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalSpainSwedenTürkiyeUnitedKingdomOthersEuropeEurope0.000.000.000.01BelgiumFrance0.000.000.20FinlandGermany0.000.01GibraltarLithuania0.00NetherlandsNorway0.000.02SpainSweden0.010.020.08UnitedKingdom0.010.010.000.02RussiaandC.AsiaRussia0.031.100.190.900.600.140.050.25MiddleEast0.040.420.000.080.08OmanQatar0.01UnitedArabEmirates2.745.110.230.180.193.690.040.050.304.980.060.190.49AfricaAlgeria0.090.090.000.520.110.03AngolaCameroon5.800.092.247.290.392.301.370.097.74EgyptEquatorialGuinea0.194.540.482.540.120.405.260.58MozambiqueNigeria0.090.092.670.280.100.63Asia-Pacific0.100.010.510.28AustraliaBrunei0.090.290.020.450.690.790.091.342.230.11ChinaIndonesia0.080.360.290.100.530.09MalaysiaPapuaNewGuinea0.05SingaporeSouthKorea0.021.120.260.190.210.182.925.590.820.51Americas0.160.01ArgentinaJamaica0.090.010.09Peru0.01TrinidadandTobagoUnitedStates0.01Non-specified/Others0.01TOTALBYCOUNTRY0.010.172.200.010.220.260.940.100.381.210.360.181.940.392.1213.711.862.922.370.128.573.432.0011.460.005.6412.780.490.204.440.260.000.000.070.0011.30.42.532.30.33.615.13.30.419.20.16.25.728.40.215.225.60.6()Datasource:IEA(2023)NaturalGasInformation.Allrightsreserved.NATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES171MIDDLEEASTASIA-PACIFICAMERICASEgyptIsraelJordanKuwaitUnitedArabEmiratesBangladeshChinaIndiaJapanMalaysiaPakistanSingaporeSouthKoreaTaiwanThailandArgentinaBrazilCanadaChileDominicanRepublicJamaicaUnitedStatesOthersAmericasTOTALBYCOUNTRY0.350.40.110.30.00.00.00.10.060.10.093.30.020.040.70.00.130.19.030.668.480.050.072.412.0341.00.151.041.191.163.270.076.380.080.8815.13.810.844.1021.4110.843.88107.39.020.5813.028.903.090.050.440.163.301.285.80.120.490.300.160.070.090.190.170.100.080.0914.90.272.280.030.070.100.096.70.060.410.101.50.060.460.130.260.010.120.070.780.198.20.060.480.540.160.100.240.090.200.353.70.02.030.632.901.130.170.710.400.420.0220.20.1033.530.8240.272.913.5115.289.121.830.01107.56.60.440.074.141.050.250.300.380.114.34.533.450.050.134.131.730.1437.111.710.2416.420.027.141.202.130.00.03.425.090.050.782.350.040.010.000.00.00.270.240.770.200.154.010.10.550.500.080.080.150.710.050.110.100.580.650.690.671.48103.20.090.650.061.622.742.505.307.643.020.741.902.410.002.771.440.040.4611.60.050.500.230.155.300.190.010.050.13535.60.10.10.58.50.85.189.226.393.89.310.05.360.729.611.02.43.20.33.72.20.70.72.1172EniWorldEnergyReview2023TradedGasTradedGasbyLNG/TradedGasbyPipeline/TotalTradedGas/TradedGasbyLNG/TradedGasbyPipeline/TotalTradedGasTotalTradedGasProductionProductionProduction(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)2000227827621200531201023773172420113220123169311022201331201432682910222015302016316931102220173220183070319222019312020326831920202131202231693092131691021326811223466112038621219406012183961121944561317TotalTradedGasonProduction(percentage)35302520151050200020052010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022%TotalTradedGas/Production%TradedGasbyLNG/ProductionNATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES173LNG-LiquefactionandRegasificationCapacityLiquefactionCapacity-Countries()(billioncubicmetres)Europe2010201520162017201820192020202120225.65.65.65.65.65.6Norway5.65.65.65.65.65.65.65.65.613.015.015.015.726.339.1RussiaandCentralAsia13.015.015.015.726.35.65.639.15.6Russia113.2136.5136.5136.5136.538.238.3137.040.214.214.214.214.214.214.7MiddleEast83.4105.6105.6105.6105.638.238.3105.740.27.67.67.67.67.67.6Oman8.09.19.19.19.1136.5136.59.1137.7Qatar82.385.585.585.587.590.9UnitedArabEmirates27.933.033.033.033.014.214.228.915.3Yemen7.17.17.17.1105.6105.67.1105.616.62.03.2Africa5.69.89.89.89.87.67.616.07.62.25.65.65.65.69.19.15.69.1AlgeriaAngola30.130.130.130.130.188.884.730.192.2Cameroon114.1126.8155.4180.7195.0213.3Egypt28.245.170.591.0104.033.028.9123.428.9EquatorialGuinea7.17.17.1Libya9.89.89.89.89.83.33.39.83.3Mozambique42.627.028.928.928.99.89.825.216.6Nigeria33.734.936.241.041.45.65.643.15.610.110.110.110.911.9Asia-Pacific26.028.736.851.162.130.130.1128.80.830.1Australia3.36.06.06.06.0209.6211.66.0Brunei20.620.620.720.720.716.3213.6Indonesia2.02.010.124.435.4121.3123.4106.5Malaysia354.2398.1434.8475.1512.99.89.8614.6123.3PapuaNewGuinea25.225.29.841.441.425.2Americas11.911.943.411.9Argentina86.2123.3Peru143.0TrinidadandTobago0.40.5UnitedStates6.06.06.020.720.716.3World59.196.1120.6564.7600.1632.2()NominalCapacity.Datasource:WoodMackenzieLNGTool.174EniWorldEnergyReview2023LNG-LiquefactionandRegasificationCapacityRegasificationCapacity-Countries()(billioncubicmetres)Europe201020152016201720182019202020212022172.4198.1223.5230.2Belgium210.3239.3235.7246.8256.4Croatia9.19.19.19.1Finland9.19.19.19.19.1France22.219.532.632.62.62.8Germany5.425.80.30.50.50.5Greece11.55.45.45.432.632.734.133.8Italy15.35.415.315.30.03Lithuania5.63.715.33.73.76.76.76.76.9Malta62.43.70.60.615.315.315.316.3Netherlands12.312.00.112.012.03.73.73.73.7Poland43.90.312.05.05.00.60.60.60.6Portugal8.35.08.38.312.012.012.014.1Spain63.68.363.663.65.05.05.06.2Türkiye12.363.618.425.18.38.38.38.3UnitedKingdom48.612.549.649.663.663.663.663.649.632.628.634.638.8RussiaandCentralAsia30.730.749.649.650.851.75.518.527.6Russia2.72.73.63.73.73.72.72.77.47.4MiddleEast6.66.63.63.73.73.74.57.414.014.0Bahrain10.330.730.738.056.4Israel5.26.66.610.39.3Jordan2.72.70.18.3Kuwait0.34.710.9622.19.37.47.42.72.3UnitedArabEmirates6.66.67.47.46.010.382.3659.214.014.013.924.5Africa41.514.014.06.010.312.53.95.25.2Egypt290.492.05.26.8Mozambique428.1564.5586.66.041.85.25.2Senegal12.55.25.217.561.969.96.6294.5682.7705.31.3Asia-Pacific18.434.136.38.210.00.10.3258.611.312.4138.48.710.3Bangladesh283.2288.123.212.3100.2111.3746.4777.5China115.15.25.213.115.148.257.2India18.5139.212.512.510.310.3Indonesia4.66.1249.024.3294.7294.8135.0148.8Japan188.98.28.211.313.710.010.064.365.6Malaysia4.1128.8131.214.915.015.8Myanmar7.720.422.310.3252.112.30.7299.1300.6Pakistan10.36.86.87.515.112.310.010.0Singapore5.34.111.3139.515.1SouthKorea2.6243.7244.93.914.925.9139.51.41.4Taiwan11.310.315.725.912.312.3Thailand15.514.911.31.07.515.715.115.1Vietnam143.410.314.920.74.1260.3142.2145.1794.97.310.33.9269.725.925.9Americas7.5175.313.415.726.03.90.71.135.63.416.813.40.7Argentina3.920.710.325.1277.8Brazil20.70.87.510.3280.0Canada0.4175.34.17.513.4Chile175.320.73.94.132.813.4Colombia1.030.71.181.53.910.333.1DominicanRepublic175.35.87.510.3ElSalvador20.75.84.17.5Jamaica1.079.82.420.73.94.1Mexico175.42.43.9Panama176.55.81.7UnitedStates()1.221.820.95.81.250.22.421.2World176.72.4176.71.317.91.380.7()Datasource:WoodMackenzieLNGTool.()TheUnitedStatesincludesPuertoRico.NATURALGAS-TRADEANDPRICES175NaturalGasBalance-Italy()(billioncubicmetres)201020152016201720182019202020212022Production8.46.85.85.55.44.94.03.33.1Imports75.461.365.369.767.971.166.473.072.6Exports-0.1-0.2-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.3-0.3-1.5-4.6StockChanges-0.5-0.30.10.2-0.3-1.11.11.6-2.6TotalPrimaryEnergySupply83.167.570.975.272.774.571.276.468.52022806040200+Import-Export+/-Stock=TotalPrimaryImports2022()Production72.6ChangesEnergySupply3.1-4.6-2.668.5Netherlands,RussiaNorwayand14.0Others7.37.3Qatar6.9OtherLNG7.210.3Azerbaijan6.9ImportsbyLNG23.43.1ImportsbypipelineAlgeriaLibya()Datasource:ItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.GasvolumesarequotedinItaliancalorificvalueof38.1MJ/cm.()Datasource:Eni’selaborationsonItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecuritydata.176EniWorldEnergyReview2023NaturalGasPricesNaturalGasPrices∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)($/Mbtu)201020152016201720182019202020212022TTF6.76.44.55.77.94.53.215.737.1136.1%15.3%HenryHub66.2%3.3%Japan4.42.62.53.03.22.62.03.96.5128.5%13.7%7.47.85.66.99.95.93.815.134.5TTFHenryHub($/Mbtu)($/Mbtu)4293472651831021200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Japan()($/Mbtu)362718902010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022()Datasource:WoodMackenzieandEIADOE.RenewablesSOLARRESOURCESMAPSOLARPHOTOVOLTAICPOWERCAPACITYAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10CountriesSOLARPHOTOVOLTAICPOWERGENERATIONAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10CountriesWINDRESOURCESMAPWINDPOWERCAPACITYAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10CountriesWINDPOWERGENERATIONAreasandAggregatesTheWorldTop10CountriesBIOFUELSPRODUCTION180EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarResourcesMap(GlobalHorizontalIrradiance)()(W/m2/day)Globalannualaverage2,000Kmglobalhorizontalirradiation0KWh/m23416831,0241,3651,7062,0482,3892,730SolarPowerCapacitySolarPowerGeneration(GW)(TWh)1,2001,2009009006006003003000020102015201620172018201920202021202220102015201620172018201920202021CapacityFactorShareofSolarPVonTotalGeneration(hoursperyear-worldaverage)4.0%1,4003.0%2.0%1,2001,0008001.0%6000.0%2010201520162017201820192020202120102015201620172018201920202021()IRENA:GlobalAtlas,Mapdata:VAISALA,2022.RENEWABLES181SolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityAreasandAggregates()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe30,12497,538104,691113,404124,346146,052167,245196,005232,38318.6%18.6%RussiaandCentralAsia01241623198011,8792,4333,0153,52416.9%117.8%MiddleEast859945,8377,2699,51612,79534.5%51.9%Africa1,4892,1183,3138,4039,74810,54311,4158.3%41.7%Asia-Pacific1741,8873,0014,6487,11022.5%46.2%Americas6,62996,450147,208219,448287,838348,260433,863516,096632,05324.5%38.4%-NorthAmerica3,29927,22239,78551,34463,35678,999100,986130,852162,86018.7%-CentralSouthAmerica3,15824,99836,34144,94453,32463,156116,86142.0%35.1%3,4446,40010,03215,84378,30298,46561.9%1412,22422,68432,38745,999World40,311224,215296,336391,280486,764589,429721,546866,0271,055,02921.8%31.3%EuropeanUnion2729,88385,38689,19593,927101,753117,904136,176161,879194,83020.4%16.9%MENA28.8%50.0%OECD1191,1291,8982,7524,7448,1679,65011,99715,45216.3%23.6%NONOECD27.2%62.9%OPEC38,703164,732193,676221,580255,335301,704357,478424,437493,52917.9%59.0%NONOPEC1,60859,484102,660169,700231,429287,725364,067441,590561,50121.8%31.2%191914909591,3462,7813,2784,3245,09840,292224,024295,846390,321485,417586,649718,268861,7031,049,932()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.182EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityWorldSolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacity(2022)1,055,029MW1%AFRICA1%MIDDLEEAST4%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICA11%NORTHAMERICA22%EUROPEASIA-PACIFIC61%WorldSolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityGrowth(2010-2022)1,014,718MW2010-20150100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,0002015-2020RUSSIAandC.ASIA2020-2022AFRICAMIDDLEEASTCENTRALSOUTHAMERICANORTHAMERICAEUROPEASIA-PACIFICRENEWABLES183SolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityTheWorldTop10()(MW)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)43,538China1,02222,47977,788130,801175,016204,575253,418306,403392,43628.1%64.2%UnitedStates2,90934,15033,67642,01250,22959,82974,69393,911111,53518.8%35.5%Japan3,61839,22242,04049,50056,16263,19271,86878,41383,0555.9%29.8%Germany18,0045,36840,67742,29145,15648,91253,66959,37166,66212.3%11.5%India5,9439,65417,92827,15634,90839,08949,38862,85027.3%76.5%Australia6918,9016,6867,28811,36216,14420,83525,75429,67615.2%31.7%Italy1,08819,28319,68220,10820,86521,65022,59425,07711.0%17.6%Brazil3,592461,2072,4354,6358,29114,19724,07969.6%134.9%SouthKorea3,8451286,4358,92112,71717,32321,26424,07813.2%35.1%Netherlands11,5264,8822,9114,6087,22611,10814,91118,84926.4%56.1%6502,13590TheWorldTop1031,042175,018236,948320,055401,153473,003571,944686,206838,29622.2%31.6%RestoftheWorld20.5%30.0%World9,26949,19759,38871,22585,611116,426149,601179,821216,73321.8%31.3%40,311224,215296,336391,280486,764589,429721,546866,0271,055,029TheWorldTop10(2022)ShareofWorldrlandsKoreaAustraliaIndiaGermanyJapantatesNetheSouthBrazilItalydSina1.8%2.3%2.3%2.4%6.0%UniteCh2.8%6.3%7.9%10.6%37.2%()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.184EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR30,124(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)097,538104,691113,404124,346146,052167,245196,005232,38318.6%18.6%Europe8911111421232924.3%42.7%Albania1,0079371,0961,2691,4551,7022,0432,7833,54827.5%36.0%Austria066.8%Belarus256478015415416016327314.7%17.4%Belgium03,1323,3293,6214,0004,6375,5736,0126,89890.2%63.2%BosniaHerzegovina752.8%43.8%Bulgaria814161822355710731.8%70.6%Croatia1,7271,0281,0301,0311,0331,0441,1001,2751,94837.0%41.0%Cyprus717.0%3.6%CzechRepublic0485660688510913818283.2%66.3%Denmark7768411011815122931543135.5%104.5%Estonia2,0752,0682,0752,0812,1112,1722,2462,62739.0%44.7%Finland1,0447828519069981,0801,3041,7043,12217.6%26.4%France18,004710153212120839553512.3%11.5%Germany17398214022231842559129.9%31.8%Greece2027,1387,7028,6109,67210,80812,05614,81017,4100.7%83.9%Hungary239,22240,67742,29145,15648,91253,66959,37166,6620.0%Iceland2,6042,6042,6062,6522,8343,2884,2775,5570.0%55.2%Ireland11722353447281,4002,1312,9682,98811.0%17.6%Italy3,5923439.6%Kosovo26457777684.8%105.5%Latvia018,90119,28317325790135135122.7%22.0%Lithuania290219,68220,10820,86521,65022,59425,07715.2%59.8%Luxembourg1177101014207.5%Malta6970123556316.6%56.1%Moldova9011612274821031647568763.8%Montenegro759412813116018725531926.4%34.6%Netherlands921121321551882772210.0%NorthMacedonia123542066056.5%27.8%Norway1342,1353142250.6%121.8%Poland01,526172,9114,6087,22611,10818,84954.1%36.4%Portugal31727171717853851.4%32.1%Romania1915187456812016014,911321164.3%39.1%Serbia121085132875623,95511,1670.0%13.8%Slovakia4475796671,5391,100852,53637.1%57.7%Slovenia3,8731,3729011,3832051,41432.8%34.4%Spain111,326171,3741,386317,41613762.3%85.4%Sweden1251653318211,3985351,64653718.7%96.1%Switzerland6533233528472233701,39463220.6%52.2%Türkiye323824724759010,1365218,2140.0%Ukraine954,7132781,1075372,6065.0%UnitedKingdom4,7041534,7234,7642,9734614,3400.0%OthersEurope1042444288,8076,66713,7159,4251,6647147,3311,6068,0621,3948331,9062,17313,5793,65514,6602499553,4215,0632,49837,8168411,2002,0035,9958,062511,91412,76013,0595,93613,9659,601013,34500152()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.RENEWABLES185SolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR01241623198011,879(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)061762255351,2762,4333,0153,524121716.9%117.8%RussiaandCentralAsia05252835211,4281,6611,816Russia01133511462359.3%174.3%Armenia575759209335485161.0%53.4%Azerbaijan542518236.3%Georgia123491227.2%Kazakhstan401,0381,14610.5%Tajikistan4000.0%Uzbekistan144.0%104253201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR85(2022-2021)(2022-2010)09941,4892,1183,3135,8377,2699,51612,795MiddleEast034.5%51.9%56669101112Bahrain709431842863464304565393.1%94.4%Iran0373737373737374218.3%82.7%Iraq7909001,0001,3401,8902,4103,3494,16912.1%Israel062873977001,1861,4481,5211,91424.5%40.6%Jordan32121323333333325.9%166.4%Kuwait21124375576901904400.0%Lebanon222626129155655131.7%82.0%Oman11458805322.4%Qatar1242455555390SaudiArabia34345959389600.1%53.1%Syria313501212333,28881.8%UnitedArabEmirates60802535001,8352,2322,90225713.3%61.0%Yemen12251002502502572571920.0%58.7%OthersMiddleEast3540821171787.9%()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.186EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR174(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)1,8873,0014,6487,1108,4039,74810,54311,41518.3%41.7%Africa06630539842342342342343500001112852.8%Algeria15133333328Angola79121414141414850.3%24.8%Benin000000110.0%63.4%Cameroon000001110.0%Chad0001246810.0%48.3%Congo41352020202080.0%73.7%Côted'Ivoire21639200.0%Dem.Rep.Congo01607441,6271,6231,6431,7043.7%84.6%Egypt141014000000,180.0%4.6%EquatorialGuinea001212122021210.0%29.3%Ethiopia434380001110.0%29.9%Gabon231364471821100.0%36.5%Ghana0554610611030741.2%32.6%Kenya0911510612714721760.0%46.9%Libya318351355330.0%44.0%Madagascar0202235333356891.7%46.8%Mauritania101324878833333140.0%94.6%Morocco2213616888810868.8%Mozambique787519419423431417616.5%Namibia2101491656616462Niger01112199915115115173129.4%Nigeria29381727272727255.8%Rwanda1500233550692630.0%Senegal051092225252599.6%SierraLeone01,253415017317324047Somalia10801,976744445,826113.3%SouthAfrica2007716241499.8%SouthSudan13263,1514,4054,4085,4945,8161900.2%Sudan28120111115Tanzania223836598011713619739.7%44.6%Tunisia0241317151515940.0%67.6%Uganda30476480959596107.7%47.8%Zambia26234467788890413.4%16.5%Zimbabwe019696968010.0%OthersAfrica2745912142847.6%128.8%4225195927585.7%18.2%336()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.RENEWABLES187SolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)6,62996,450147,208219,448287,838348,260433,863516,096632,05322.5%46.2%Asia-Pacific01,08819202222313131336.6%61.7%Afghanistan5,9436,6867,28811,36216,14420,83525,75429,67615.2%31.7%Australia3211.3%26.9%Bangladesh01961652172402803435065630.0%4.3%Bhutan1000000000.6%12.4%Brunei1,0221111115528.1%64.2%China027.4%10.4%EastTimor43,53877,788130,801175,016204,575253,418306,403392,43693.8%HongKong691100000027.3%76.5%India151189919539.0%29.1%Indonesia3,6185,3689,6541855.9%29.8%Japan1798817,92827,15634,90839,08949,38862,8508.2%97.6%Malaysia597651551852250.0%28.7%Mongolia034,15042,04031328.5%58.9%Myanmar426634449,50056,16263,19271,86878,41383,05520.9%31.7%Nepal35153945458941,4831,7871,93334.3%44.9%NewZealand121324864890.0%39.5%NorthKorea9131444488895959515.4%50.4%Pakistan0375355555484801036.6%22.5%PapuaNewGuinea223327191115709711718.0%74.6%Philippines326659035384214419125717.4%54.9%Singapore6501165568075542525213.2%35.1%SouthKorea71737841138541,0771,24314.4%47.1%SriLanka3546979089179803426.3%60.0%Taiwan491161612721,0561,37540.0%41.2%Thailand53,8454,8823334871,62310.9%100.0%Vietnam1037806,4358,92112,71717,32321,26423.0%44.8%OthersAsia-Pacific8841562313514316245721,2455,8177,70024,0781,4202,4461,7682,7384,1502,9833,06052,6972,9622,98316,66116,66171454,9946227229,72411414581053,06020025439818,475887()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.188EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarPhotovoltaicPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR3,299(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)27,22239,78551,34463,356278,999100,986130,852162,86024.5%38.4%Americas1111111194031516174437661,0731,1083.2%71.3%Argentina30011334964697.8%42.3%Barbados166117077770.0%108.0%Belize249461281,2072,4351201201701710.2%40.1%Bolivia2,5192,6652,9323,0954,6358,29169.6%134.9%Brazil15761,1251,8092,1373,3273,60914,19724,07916.9%29.1%Canada11211132,6543,2054,5545,32640.9%Chile914203326864,3606,142141.0%64.3%Colombia024376512848570.0%49.5%CostaRica101111121592172044914.9%Cuba02776109201121374740.0%68.6%Curacao02626262732840224625826.2%DominicanRepublic11112110167282813133.6%83.2%Ecuador093931011014464856167771.9%119.6%ElSalvador1446610110128293.5%53.7%Guatemala42233885435530.0%38.1%Guyana1396412455515331011050.0%14.2%Haiti307285656518525880.0%51.1%Honduras2876331,1262,5679393330.1%45.8%Jamaica21114144,7276,69552952914.4%61.4%Mexico04993147188161693930.0%Nicaragua1300002192298,1639,33918.5%60.6%Panama0135146298324001616677.3%80.1%Paraguay367883353354655510.0%31.4%Peru2,9094444890129.1%43.3%Suriname022,47933,67642,01250,229443323320.0%3.1%TrinidadandTobago2648924324859,82974,69391218.8%35.5%UnitedStates785554253258444.8%88.0%Uruguay4204645315605593,911111,5350.0%9.0%Venezuela61467926627919.4%23.2%OthersAmericas55797951()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.RENEWABLES189SolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationAreasandAggregates()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)(2022-2021)(2022-2010)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe22,599104,631108,810118,970131,954145,278172,992194,604192,33712.5%21.6%RussiaandCentralAsia4596347581,1622,2153,6964,20313.7%MiddleEast955,1019,91613,44916,64023.7%59.9%Africa3501,4282,3763,4397,02410,96912,72114,32112.6%40.1%Asia-Pacific5,5542,6233,8055,25425.7%52.8%Americas3,40698,023149,607223,789309,972391,941467,635588,02630.6%45.0%-NorthAmerica3,31837,74055,89479,64199,279123,914155,209202,64624.7%40.3%-CentralSouthAmerica8834,98650,66371,28585,351120,692154,19640.4%77.5%2,7545,2318,35613,92898,35925,55534,51748,450World32,004244,904321,126431,851554,492684,233825,7021,020,44023.6%37.0%EuropeanUnion2722,46595,26495,458102,051108,200118,202140,127158,588205,10829.3%20.2%MENA17.1%48.1%OECD3081,7283,1614,6907,61915,66919,79023,16523.1%28.5%NONOECD28.2%72.4%OPEC30,708181,914217,176262,525302,524350,367422,700503,659620,01315.4%66.5%NONOPEC1,29662,990103,950169,326251,968333,866403,002516,78123.7%36.9%302663031,3272,1475,2327,1008,19331,974244,638320,823430,524552,345679,001818,6021,012,247()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.190EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationWorldSolarPhotovoltaicPowerGeneration(2021)1,020,440GWh1%AFRICA2%MIDDLEEAST5%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICA15%NORTHAMERICA19%EUROPEEUROPEASIA-PACIFIC58%WorldSolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationGrowth(2010-2021)988,436GWh2010-20150100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,0002015-2020RUSSIAandC.ASIA2020-2022AFRICAMIDDLEEASTCENTRALSOUTHAMERICANORTHAMERICAEUROPEASIA-PACIFICRENEWABLES191SolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationTheWorldTop10()(GWh)∆y/yCAGR201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)China69939,50066,500117,800176,900224,300260,500327,000427,27030.7%70.7%UnitedStates3,06332,09146,63367,39381,24493,944115,902148,153185,38525.1%40.8%India10,40118,86726,33140,35851,38762,04275,566108,81144.0%88.5%Japan5434,80345,76155,06962,66869,38279,08786,09494,80110.1%31.5%Germany3,54338,72638,09839,40143,45944,38349,49649,34060,78723.2%14.7%Australia11,7295,0196,2058,0669,92514,84221,02827,71234,68325.2%45.5%Spain8,2668,0648,5147,8779,42015,67521,92230,22237.9%13.8%Brazil3863,4616,65510,74816,75230,12679.8%SouthKorea6,42559858329,20812,99617,96723,39528,92023.6%35.2%Italy3,9755,1237,05622,65423,68924,94225,03928,12112.3%25.1%77222,94222,10424,3781,906TheWorldTop1028,577195,782257,440354,840457,754550,998657,387800,9731,029,12628.5%34.8%RestoftheWorld30.4%46.0%World3,42749,12263,68677,01196,738133,235168,315219,46723.6%37.0%32,004244,904321,126431,851554,492684,233825,7021,020,440TheWorldTop10(2022)KorealianyStatesItalySouthBrazilSpainAustraGermaJapanIndiaUnitedChinaGWh28,12128,92030,12630,22234,68360,78794,801108,811185,385427,270()Datasource:IEA(2023)ExtendedBalances.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.192EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Europe22,599104,631108,810118,970131,954145,278172,992194,6044312.5%21.6%3,792Albania899371,096112232414.9%36.7%Austria8281,2691,4551,7022,0432,7837,06236.3%Belarus560117-2.3%23.5%Belgium3,0573,0958917718117617225.7%BosniaHerzegovina15243,3083,9034,2535,1125,6181,88462.5%49.6%Bulgaria1,38215228.4%Croatia7571,38821213045726062.0%45.0%Cyprus616127661,4031,3431,4171,4691,46729.5%12.8%CzechRepublic1462,61412.9%63.6%Denmark62,264797583961492,20368.3%Estonia6042,13117219921829646858.2%43.5%Finland57442,1992,3652,3372,3382,31656027.5%33.9%France62011107519539631,1811,30938031.0%14.7%Germany11,7297,7542214317424535420,60723.2%Gibraltar38,726499014721829860,787Greece8,6609,58710,92512,33013,45915,732Hungary38,09839,40143,45944,38349,49649,340IcelandIreland1583,9003,9303,9913,7914,4294,4475,2516,95532.5%37.1%Italy23.3%102.2%Kosovo11412443496291,4972,4593,7964,682LatviaLithuania1,90646122240629311624.7%25.1%Luxembourg22,94222,10424,37822,65423,68924,94225,03928,12112.3%Malta21-12.5%22.1%Moldova173661211121614485.7%60.4%Montenegro10410013574179.1%Netherlands569512868879112919134227.8%60.9%NorthMacedonia10811913016118023012.9%Norway21122162190195237256289200.0%26.3%Poland33410300.0%Portugal171,1081,602223346.4%35.5%Romania1323243,7085,3998,56811,49516,82732.0%38.5%Serbia6,4252,204232324253337.7%13.8%Slovakia95712424213136175241106.8%56.6%Slovenia947968713007111,9583,9348,13655.2%35.8%Spain1,9821,8201651,7162,2373,4714.0%Sweden4011129921,0061,3421,7331,7031,77114.3%62.9%Switzerland5065331,8561,7711,778131416-3.1%Türkiye2742671366367165042.4%Ukraine8,2668,064506131436845364537.9%UnitedKingdom9714328458558915,67521,92230,22228.6%1,1191,3338,5142553031,0511,5261,96329.6%1941,0432307,8779,4202,5992,8423,6849.2%4774911,68340767910,95013,94315,22610.0%7,53310,3952,8891,9452,1785,9696,56514.7%7397,8009,25012,90312,13813,92111,4571,0992,93312,66812,418()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.RENEWABLES193SolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)RussiaandCentralAsia4596347581,1622,2153,6964,20313.7%RussiaArmenia3354625587201,2792,0222,22510.0%Azerbaijan114.6%Kazakhstan113196113729410.9%Tajikistan5353739444755619.3%1181361603848311,4901,6291∆y/yCAGR201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)956,578MiddleEast1,4282,3763,4395,1019,91613,44916,64023.7%59.9%70Bahrain1486810101220.0%46.0%Iran15757573406735846196.0%Iraq41,1151,5441,511575757570.0%68.3%Israel1824229081,5742,6093,5254,57443.8%62.0%Jordan259131,4262,0592,5213,29030.5%69.5%Kuwait173756202020200.0%64.9%Lebanon441686121141306117.0%Oman464665161721126123.7%SaudiArabia5655488653207798053.3%UnitedArabEmirates1161551949653,4264,9335,98221.3%Yemen943454844844904900.0%OthersMiddleEast6012017822425.8%()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.194EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)350Africa2,6233,8055,2547,02410,96912,72114,3211712.6%40.1%15887572Algeria255565567566564018-3.8%41.6%Benin206101216587174,6350.0%0.0%Cameroon111202045462.2%-3.2%Congo355711113840.0%Côted'Ivoire615771118180.0%108.9%Dem.Rep.Congo168580537282830304250.0%12.5%Egypt71821224,875497-4.9%Ethiopia32221,5254,4304,945346.3%10.4%Gabon3272820203228420.0%0.0%Ghana35060732221284,777124.6%Kenya888335157167129.9%47.9%Libya190928894712.5%Madagascar22111888363225.9%-1.7%Morocco122153234534143-20.4%18.7%Mozambique9639571081563953906929-1.4%Namibia4510131704764.4%13.3%Niger252728233362408240.0%Nigeria1521161324244916.7%Rwanda4691284142180.0%Senegal1,9462,5093,24916181853956.2%SouthAfrica2232523293855,001-4.5%SouthSudan2333401754.5%Tanzania651091333,2123,2554,071470.0%Tunisia323962101111467-31.0%Uganda4742471252.5%Zambia137181233174245333148-3.4%Zimbabwe711171221861.1%OthersAfrica11815078613.3%40224603694()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.RENEWABLES195SolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)5,554Asia-Pacific98,023149,607223,789309,972391,941467,635588,02625.7%52.8%386Australia5,0196,2058,0669,92514,84221,02827,71234,68325.2%45.5%Bangladesh69921023326829134741347753411.9%Brunei12122224100.0%70.7%China54427,27030.7%50.8%HongKong139,50066,500117,800176,900224,300260,500327,000108,81170.4%88.5%India446617549244.0%66.2%Indonesia3,543444130.1%31.5%Japan10,40118,86726,33140,35851,38762,04275,56694,80110.1%Malaysia85212990118171193-0.8%31.7%Mongolia25941.0%Myanmar634,80345,76155,06962,66869,38279,08786,094-5.6%32.5%Nepal42733103305731,4042,0442,0271,23638.5%41.6%NewZealand188275928,92025.1%46.4%NorthKorea71191011711716524.5%Pakistan1191978751918175,01526.0%94.1%Philippines537577710073961337.1%58.3%Singapore7722941454912816020768.2%35.2%SouthKorea1720763076862953536623.6%22.3%SriLanka2213970571289732.2%70.9%Taiwan20681,0971,2011,2491,2461,3731,47031.2%58.5%Thailand1451742434115027350.0%Vietnam143,97512,99617,96723,395190.2%45.2%OthersAsia-Pacific215,1237,0569,20811711815670.0%850231411174,0166,0757,9695,1465,0315,0152,3781,1091,6672,7124,8189,57527,7913,3774,5434,537297497845686510222149()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.196EniWorldEnergyReview2023SolarPhotovoltaicPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)3,406Americas37,74055,89479,64199,279123,914155,209202,64638.3%45.0%255Argentina81514161088001,3452,2032,94133.5%31.7%Bolivia5661271883323513510.0%36.5%Brazil259858323,4616,65579.8%Canada312,8954,0303,8924,1074,41510,74816,75230,12615.0%78.0%Chile1,2612,6393,9155,2186,4194,7906,0436,95236.0%66.8%Colombia49914211377,97110,41114,1560.0%CostaRica3,0633304059680.0%3.8%Cuba2939581492232013353351.7%40.8%Curaçao217192020257082820.0%14.7%DominicanRepublic41327513923028023323714.7%11.1%Ecuador363937383827271,032-2.6%ElSalvador724164285490312358-4.1%Guatemala150193199205232383714,3843.7%Guyana55711189021,0768.3%Haiti223219227185,3850.0%Honduras4419179653312135022.4%Jamaica15441,0441,176336.5%Mexico2394641,0841,1131,14010.6%Nicaragua221446901241323.8%Panama16711561,3637,0579,11513,01084.9%Peru24128726271.0%Suriname2309924263175860.0%TrinidadandTobago9662332957948020.0%UnitedStates646,63367,393750779121225.1%Uruguay1512691111663.9%Venezuela32,09177115,902148,1530.0%OthersAmericas4916965664624834.0%781,24493,944991251261314144246996106()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.RENEWABLES197WindResourcesMap(AverageWindSpeedat80mheight)()(m/s)Globalannualaverage2,000Kmwindspeedat80mheight0m/s1.883.755.637.509.3811.2513.1315.00WindPowerCapacityWindPowerGeneration(GW)(TWh)1,0002,0007501,5005001,0002505000020102015201620172018201920202021202220102015201620172018201920202021CapacityFactorShareofWindonTotalPowerGeneration(hoursperyear-worldaverage)8%2,5007%6%2,0005%4%1,5003%201020152016201720182019202020212%1%20102015201620172018201920202021()IRENA:GlobalAtlas,Mapdata:VAISALA,2022.198EniWorldEnergyReview2023WindPowerCapacityAreasandAggregates()∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe86,240147,518161,478177,132188,793203,701216,715232,652251,6818.2%9.3%RussiaandCentralAsia15931481632634761,5222,7303,42425.5%57.6%MiddleEast1042864234946097759231,0291,0532.4%21.3%Africa8656,5157,3707,6874.3%20.0%Asia-Pacific3,3203,8314,5785,4725,52910.2%20.1%Americas48,538166,655189,112211,052236,124266,010342,525395,593435,8996.9%13.1%-NorthAmerica45,32998,549112,021121,663132,604146,289165,364186,289199,11211.3%-CentralSouthAmerica43,317100,081107,482117,056132,300147,323156,1576.0%29.1%83,98193,47510.2%2,01214,56818,54621,58225,12129,23333,06438,96742,955World181,090416,421467,013515,082563,864622,779733,564825,663898,8568.9%14.3%EuropeanUnion2778,937127,174137,975148,912157,211167,140177,059188,371203,4578.0%8.2%MENA2.6%14.0%OECD9332,0882,3302,5213,2193,3873,9934,3954,5097.2%10.2%NONOECD10.4%21.2%OPEC134,330239,498264,664288,620308,791336,755368,338400,503429,3996.7%15.0%NONOPEC46,761176,924202,349226,462255,072286,024365,226425,160469,4568.9%14.3%95306342413445446472474506180,995416,115466,671514,670563,418622,333733,092825,189898,350()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.RENEWABLES199WindPowerCapacity1%AFRICA5%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICAWorldWindPowerCapacity(2022)17%NORTHAMERICA28%EUROPE898,856MWASIA-PACIFIC49%WorldWindPowerCapacityGrowth(2010-2022)717,766MW2010-2015050,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,0002015-2020MIDDLEEAST2020-2022RUSSIAandC.ASIAAFRICACENTRALSOUTHAMERICANORTHAMERICAEUROPEASIA-PACIFIC200EniWorldEnergyReview2023WindPowerCapacityTheWorldTop10()(MW)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)China29,633131,048148,517164,374184,665209,582282,113328,973365,96411.2%23.3%UnitedStates39,35072,76781,50287,83194,666103,836118,664133,019140,8625.9%11.2%Germany26,90344,58049,43555,58058,72160,74262,20163,83366,2943.9%7.8%India13,18425,08828,70032,84835,28837,50538,55940,06741,9304.6%10.1%Spain20,69322,94322,99023,12423,40525,59026,81927,90829,3085.0%2.9%UnitedKingdom5,42114,30516,12619,58521,60623,88724,45825,74728,76011.7%14.9%Brazil7,63310,12912,30414,84315,43817,19821,16124,16314.2%31.2%France92710,29811,56713,49914,90016,42717,51418,74021,12012.7%11.2%Canada5,91211,21411,97312,25012,81613,22013,63614,30415,2956.9%11.9%Sweden3,9675,8196,4356,6117,30012,11614,55720.1%17.9%2,0178,6819,976TheWorldTop10148,007345,695387,374428,008468,210514,908611,137685,868748,2539.1%14.5%RestoftheWorldWorld33,08370,72679,63987,07495,653107,871122,427139,795150,6037.7%13.5%181,090416,421467,013515,082563,864622,779733,564825,663898,8568.9%14.3%TheWorldTop10(2022)ingdomnyStatesSwedenCanadaFranceBrazilUnitedKSpainIndiamanitedhinaShareofWorldGerUC3.2%3.3%4.7%1.6%1.7%2.3%2.7%7.4%15.7%40.7%()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.RENEWABLES201WindPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)86,240147,518161,478177,132188,793203,701216,715232,652251,6818.2%9.3%Europe1,0162,4892,7302,8873,1333,2243,2263,4083,7369.6%11.5%Austria2226284921121121121207.4%41.3%Belarus6.1%15.7%Belgium9122,1812,3342,7793,3053,8644,6734,9485,2510.0%BosniaHerzegovina0005187871351350.0%3.1%Bulgaria4886997037037047045.7%24.0%Croatia796996996985866468019870.0%5.6%Cyprus824184835761581581581581,0430.0%4.0%CzechRepublic2131581581583163393393391581.0%5.3%Denmark3,8022812823083390.0%9.3%Estonia1085,0775,2455,4896,1236,1116,2677,02172.4%32.2%Finland1973003103123103163173157,08812.7%11.2%France5,9121,0051,5652,0443153.9%7.8%Germany26,90310,29811,56713,4992,0412,2842,5863,2574.9%11.7%Greece1,29844,58049,43555,58014,90016,42717,51418,7405,6140.0%0.8%Hungary2932,0912,3702,62458,72160,74262,20163,83321,1200.0%Iceland3293293292,8773,5894,1194,64966,2946.5%10.5%Ireland1,3904,8794.7%6.1%Italy5,7943323293233233240.0%50.8%Kosovo2,4512,8023,319222232476.5%13.4%Latvia19,1379,3849,737221.3%16.3%Lithuania303,6744,1264,3074,33921.3%11.7%Luxembourg133113410,23010,67910,87111,2544,6190.0%Malta4468707711,78071.8%12.0%Moldova4365095183434341390.0%Montenegro2,237641201207878787713912.6%23.1%Netherlands0005335345406711360.0%17.9%NorthMacedonia4251291231361531368141.7%3.1%Norway1,10872000016514.6%18.6%Poland3,7963,3914,2574,202333541670.5%Portugal3737377211811811800.0%2.4%Romania3898678831,2074,3934,4846,6487,7691150.0%Serbia5,759373737371180.0%2.9%Slovakia34,8865,7475,1241,7102,9144,0305,0498,7470.0%17.9%Slovenia4,9375,1243,0305,7665,8386,2986,967375.0%6.3%Spain20,6933,1303,025255,1725,2235,1225,4275,13420.1%19.7%Sweden2,01743,0323,0383,0133,0157,9870.0%28.4%Switzerland101732273983983985,4557.4%14.9%Türkiye423323,12434443,0150.0%15.2%Ukraine1,320336,611333339811.7%UnitedKingdom22,94322,9907523,40525,59026,81927,9080.0%OthersEurope885,8196,4356,5167,3008,6819,97612,11645,42160755537575878734,5035,75119,5857,0057,5918,83210,60729,3084514526206211,2581,4021,76114,55714,30516,12621,60623,88724,45825,7478720201613192311,3961,76128,76023()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.202EniWorldEnergyReview2023WindPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR93(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)15111481632634761,5222,7303,42410325.5%57.6%RussiaandCentralAsia381111521029451,9552,218Russia2333333313.5%56.9%Armenia72161666666666660.0%0.9%Azerbaijan202020212121290.0%33.8%Georgia9811212138.1%Kazakhstan112844866841,10862.0%Uzbekistan11110.0%201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR104286423494609(2022-2021)(2022-2010)111117759231,0291,053MiddleEast951531912592822.4%21.3%662727271111Bahrain11181981982803053083103428.8%0.7%Iran222122727272710.3%11.3%Israel133333735186226140.0%13.4%Jordan12121212-1.2%66.0%Kuwait11330.0%Lebanon21133330.0%0.0%Oman505050500.0%SaudiArabia33330.0%Syria11110.0%UnitedArabEmirates00201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR8653,3203,8314,5785,472(2022-2021)(2022-2010)5,5296,5157,3707,687Africa555101010104.3%20.0%11110101010Algeria67557557551,13011110.0%9.5%Chad03243243243241,1321,3801,6401,6430.0%Egypt2210003243243244040.2%43.6%Ethiopia002626336000024.7%0.2%Ghana260003363364364360.0%17.7%Kenya10034343400000.0%30.2%Madagascar54349021,0221,225343434340.0%Mauritania197970551,2251,4351,4711,5580.0%61.1%Morocco055555.9%13.5%Namibia344551591591590.0%13.1%Senegal31,4732,0942,09444440.0%Somalia1,0792,0942,5162,9563,1030.0%SouthAfrica2402402452225.0%Tanzania2406262632452452452450.0%Tunisia51636383830.0%OthersAfrica0.0%()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.RENEWABLES203WindPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)48,538166,655189,112211,052236,124266,010342,525395,593435,89910.2%20.1%Asia-Pacific1,864000000000.0%15.5%Afghanistan24,1814,3245,4076,4097,88110,20710,55510,5550.0%3.6%Australia0.0%Bangladesh29,633333333330.0%23.3%Bhutan1111111111.2%China13,184131,048148,517164,374184,665209,582282,113328,973365,964-0.4%10.1%HongKong01111114.6%66.5%India25,08828,70032,84835,28837,50538,55940,06741,9300.0%5.5%Indonesia2,2941111441541541541542.6%57.4%Japan13,4833,4983,9524,1204,2624,3720.0%Mongolia2,8093,2051011561561561561560.0%4.5%Myanmar54051510000000.0%9.6%Nepal0000000000.0%57.8%NewZealand6006906906906909139130.0%24.2%NorthKorea336896901111117.5%Pakistan007891,1861,2361,2361,3351,4350.0%14.3%Philippines3823085914274274434434434430.0%18.2%Singapore3442742700000010.7%10.5%SouthKorea4761,2151,4201,4941,6451,7241,9080.0%59.7%SriLanka68471,06713112812817925225253.0%51.8%Taiwan311311316927138459371,0331,5810.0%0.6%Thailand526476826281,1031,5071,5071,5451,54512.4%Vietnam2345072052373755184,1184,6280.0%OthersAsia-Pacific1361605455565656565454()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.204EniWorldEnergyReview2023WindPowerCapacityCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR45,329(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(MW)2898,549112,021121,663132,604146,289165,364186,289199,1126,9%13,1%Americas001871872277501,6092,6243,2923,3100,5%48,9%Argentina00000000132,4%Barbados927000000000,0%0,0%Belize3,967327272727272,8%81,9%Bolivia16312813114,2%31,2%Brazil187,63310,12912,30414,84315,43817,19821,16124,1636,9%11,9%Canada12011,21411,97312,25012,81613,22013,63614,30415,29522,1%30,1%Chile71,0391,3051,5241,6202,1493,1373,8300,0%0,0%Colombia129100,0%10,4%CostaRica18181818181818180,0%4,1%Cuba22783193784084113943903900,0%11,9%Curacao121212121212121212,6%DominicanRepublic030304747474747470,0%19,9%Ecuador851351351833703703704170,0%ElSalvador3921212121212121210,0%16,7%Guatemala5193654540,0%Guyana637676761071071071071070,0%8,4%Haiti000000,0%24,7%Honduras1000000,0%9,5%Jamaica1561792290002,2%Mexico39,350391021022292392392392390,0%70,0%Nicaragua413,2714,0514,18010210210210210224,4%Panama1861861864,1806,5416,9957,1557,3130,0%11,2%Peru722532702701861861861861860,0%35,2%TrinidadandTobago2402402402702702702703365,9%UnitedStates03723724094094090,0%9,5%Uruguay72,767000000,0%Venezuela85781,50287,83100118,664133,019140,8620,0%OtherAmericas1381,2111,51394,666103,8361,5161,5161,5161741,5131381381381381381,516204213213173173138116189209()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIRENA(2023),RenewableEnergyStatistics2023,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi,data.RENEWABLES205WindPowerGenerationAreasandAggregates()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)(2022-2021)(2022-2010)201020152016201720182019202020212022Europe154,012319,000322,893384,196403,086462,242513,583499,982-2.6%11.3%RussiaandCentralAsia122884575928621,2312,4595,233112.8%73.8%MiddleEast1743626609671,7182,3712,97225.3%29.4%Africa1,44718,51919,55823,35519.4%23.1%Asia-Pacific2,3728,56310,47111,55915,27735.8%23.5%Americas77,065245,693312,613382,517467,887518,843580,412788,27412.8%15.8%-NorthAmerica108,569260,090315,948355,049387,872426,452482,330544,25313.5%-CentralSouthAmerica103,872219,956260,401288,760309,302331,073377,579417,56710.6%34.9%78,570104,751126,68620.9%4,69740,13455,54766,28995,379World342,204833,996963,0421,134,8801,276,4311,429,0051,600,7131,864,06916.5%16.7%EuropeanUnion27139,841263,204266,816312,314320,616367,117397,799386,868421,1158.9%9.6%MENA16.3%17.7%OECD2,4705,4066,3566,7938,79211,18412,69314,76712.6%12.4%NONOECD34.4%25.7%OPEC270,173560,958609,285700,069747,027833,729937,302972,2591,094,45846.9%20.7%NONOPEC72,031273,038353,757434,811529,404595,276663,411891,81016.4%16.7%163335,00373428655750,008831,297342,041833,661962,6691,134,4521,275,7761,428,2551,599,8301,862,772()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.206EniWorldEnergyReview2023WindPowerGeneration1%AFRICA7%CENTRALSOUTHAMERICAWorldWindPowerGeneration(2021)22%NORTHAMERICA27%EUROPE1,864,069GWhASIA-PACIFIC43%WorldWindPowerGenerationGrowth(2010-2021)1,521,865GWh2010-2015-100,0000100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,0002015-2020MIDDLEEAST2020-2021RUSSIAandC.ASIAAFRICACENTRALSOUTHAMERICANORTHAMERICAEUROPEASIA-PACIFICRENEWABLES207WindPowerGenerationTheWorldTop10()(GWh)∆y/yCAGR201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)China44,622185,766237,070297,230365,971406,032466,474656,102762,67016.2%26.7%UnitedStates95,148192,992229,471257,249275,834298,200341,818382,814439,78914.9%13.6%Germany38,54780,62479,924105,693109,951125,894132,102114,647125,2879.3%10.3%India19,65735,07548,28154,99465,71070,94967,30877,14082,0096.3%12.6%Brazil2,17721,62633,48842,37348,47555,98657,05172,28681,63212.9%35.3%UnitedKingdom10,28640,27537,15949,64156,68563,83575,61564,66280,16224.0%18.7%Spain44,27149,32548,90549,12750,89655,64756,44462,06162,7841.2%3.0%France9,94521,42121,38124,60928,59934,72239,86136,83138,0643.3%11.8%Canada8,72426,96430,93031,51133,46832,87335,76134,75337,5428.0%12.9%Türkiye2,91611,65215,51717,90419,94921,73124,82831,43735,13811.8%23.1%TheWorldTop10276,293665,720782,126930,3311,055,5381,165,8691,297,2621,532,7331,745,07713.9%16.6%RestoftheWorld65,911168,276180,916204,549220,893263,136303,451331,3369.2%15.8%World342,204833,996963,0421,134,8801,276,4311,429,0051,600,7131,864,06916.5%16.7%TheWorldTop10(2022)ingdomytatesürkiyeanadarancepainnitedKrazilndiaermannitedShinaGWhTCFSUBIGUC35,13837,54238,06462,78480,16281,63282,009125,287439,789762,670()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.208EniWorldEnergyReview2023WindPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Europe154,012319,000322,893384,196403,086462,242513,583499,982-2.6%11.3%Austria2,0644,8405,2356,5726,0307,4506,7926,7407,2457.5%11.0%Belarus126759799178194168-13.4%59.3%Belgium11,971-0.2%20.4%BosniaHerzegovina1,2925,5745,4206,5217,5749,75512,81911,998392Bulgaria1032542623822.6%6.7%Croatia6811,4521,4251,5041,4873.7%25.6%Cyprus1397961,0141,2041,3181,3171,4771,4342,1383.7%17.9%CzechRepublic312221,3351,4671,7212,062-8.9%5.6%Denmark3355732272112246.5%7.6%Estonia7,80949759122123924024664117.6%7.6%Finland27714,13312,78214,78060970069960218,874-8.9%36.2%France29471559472313,90216,15016,33016,05466841.3%11.8%Germany9,9453,0684,79563668784473312,0223.3%10.3%Greece38,5472,32721,38124,6095,8396,0258,2568,50738,0649.3%12.3%Hungary2,71421,42179,924105,69328,59934,72239,86136,831125,2873.8%1.1%Iceland53480,6245,1465,537109,951125,894132,102114,64710,879-8.1%Ireland4,6216847586,3007,2669,31010,4836100.0%12.2%Italy2,81560772965566414.8%7.0%Kosovo9,126693986-1.8%63.4%Latvia116,1477,444477611,224188.1%12.0%Lithuania16,57317,68917,7428,64010,01911,5499,77620,55834.8%17.2%Luxembourg4914,84417,71620,20218,76220,92711.0%16.0%Moldova2241281503634.5%Montenegro551471,1361,36430919012619080.5%15.1%Netherlands8101221541771411,5121.6%NorthMacedonia3,9941021012351,1441,4991,5521,36232820.1%26.5%Norway372552813513141394.9%22.7%Poland8792972343517732525.8%3.1%Portugal1,6648,17014329531532021,62419.8%29.8%Romania9,1827,55010910,56910,54911,50815,27818,0051080.4%Serbia1211109710211710314,8106.0%-5.6%Slovakia3062,1163,8775,5259,91311,76919,451-11.5%Slovenia2,51512,5882,85412,79915,10715,80016,23413,266-40.0%3.0%Spain610,85812,47414,90912,61713,66712,29913,2166,9710.0%20.6%Sweden11,6076,59012,2486,3226,7736,9456,5769601.2%12.4%Switzerland44,2717,0637,4071508989761,08521.5%23.1%Türkiye3,4872632.7%44.1%Ukraine66486645611.8%18.7%UnitedKingdom37666666662,784-13.4%2,91649,32548,905650,89655,64756,44462,06133,08824.0%16,32215,47949,12716,62319,84727,52627,2441505111010917,60912214614514635,13810,28611,65215,51713319,94921,73124,82831,4371,08495417,9041,1882,0203,2712,83380,16240,27537,15998356,68563,83575,61564,66249,641()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.RENEWABLES209WindPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)288RussiaandCentralAsia121484575928621,2312,4595,23383112.8%73.8%Russia4387Armenia751481402323311,2413,311166.8%84.2%Azerbaijan1222321-50.0%-16.2%Georgia1322322839691-8.8%44.5%Kazakhstan988841059183854.8%2753404617071,0291,74769.8%∆y/yCAGR201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)1743626609672,972178MiddleEast1,4471,7182,37125.3%29.4%1632212503071Bahrain8771801117590.0%15.0%Iran34495186167541780.7%29.5%Israel121391251831902041,5960.0%76.9%Jordan667078751,3792915.7%Kuwait666383633-12.1%Lebanon409SaudiArabia1UnitedArabEmirates∆y/yCAGR201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)2,372Africa8,56310,47111,55915,27718,51919,55823,3556,28019.4%23.1%1,4981929811Algeria108122,14350.0%12.7%Egypt172,0582,2002,3343,0184,2335,2576,2515,3560.5%Ethiopia659759782533848-31.4%49.6%Kenya605661375609818561228.0%19.1%Morocco11,5631,3311,9857354.9%29.4%Namibia2,5193,0003,0353,8634,7234,5925,1079,6890.0%Senegal341151832283.8%60.2%SouthAfrica13918222216.0%7.3%Tunisia242,5003,7004,9246,46723217400-24.2%23.1%OthersAfrica4484744494536,6246,6118,356-0.4%199229210224500465425216237236()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.210EniWorldEnergyReview2023WindPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Asia-Pacific77,065245,693312,613382,517467,887518,843580,412788,27435.8%23.5%Australia5,05211,46712,19912,59715,16417,71220,39624,53529,10818.6%15.7%Bangladesh666666660.0%China44,62216.2%26.7%HongKong1185,766237,070297,230365,971406,032466,474656,102762,6700.0%0.0%India111111182,0096.3%12.6%Indonesia19,657-19.0%45.3%Japan435,07548,28154,99465,71070,94967,30877,1403541.9%7.5%Mongolia4661904844754379,60322.1%78.4%Nepal4,0160.0%NewZealand15,5806,1666,4907,4817,6178,9709,4282,8658.4%4.8%Pakistan1541541363014764765818.0%Philippines1,637113,37423.8%31.6%SouthKorea2,3642,3412,0912,0682,2556.0%12.5%SriLanka627861,3262,1013,1612,8822,3052,6423,05686.6%25.6%Taiwan8177481,0941,1531,0422,9003,133-4.3%7.2%Thailand539752,1692,4652,6811,0261,270-14.0%Vietnam1,0261,3421,6833,1513,182240.5%46.5%OthersAsia-Pacific343365325348-6.5%-1.3%503451,7221,7071,892350653671,5261,4581,1101,6413,6702,3092,2093293,2203,5521243453504877243,34478201555672982566258()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.RENEWABLES211WindPowerGenerationCountries()∆y/yCAGR(GWh)201020152016201720182019202020212022(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Americas108,569260,090315,948355,049387,872426,452482,330544,25312.8%15.8%Argentina255935486121,4134,9979,41212,94014,1689.5%69.6%Bolivia123560597064120441267.5%Brazil2,17721,62633,48842,37312.9%35.3%Canada8,72426,96430,93031,51148,47555,98657,05172,28681,63212.9%Chile2,1152,4493,52133,46832,87335,76134,75337,5428.0%31.5%Colombia332685133,5884,8975,6027,6288,86916.3%3.7%CostaRica391,0801,1471,2880.0%13.1%Cuba35921212343631060600.0%8.0%Curaçao121241301691,7991,7961,4591,5731,5730.0%10.9%DominicanRepublic632903233903.1%Ecuador9984731927282820,9368.1%31.7%Guatemala3107215218234208191197-19.5%Honduras6655835784977891,1391,231439,7893.5%15.7%Jamaica53125207289808677624,7839.6%26.6%Mexico1,2398,74510,37810,442320331313324-5.7%13.5%Nicaragua8657296359298187077750.2%Panama16341962549130227228026419.3%97.9%Peru5951,0631,07312,87716,88019,70220,896-9.2%13.6%UnitedStates1192,992229,471257,2498017305506560.4%42.2%Uruguay95,1482,0652,9943,77458872558453014.9%Venezuela8888881,5021,6541,8131,821-4.2%2.7%OthersAmericas70432389189275,834298,200341,818382,8140.0%4,7324,7525,4764,9915.4%16188888888224210205216()Datasource:Eni’scalculationsonIEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesdata.Allrightsreserved.()When2022dataismissing,thefigurereferstothelatestavailableyears.212EniWorldEnergyReview2023BiofuelsProductionTotalBiofuels()3,0002,500(thousandbarrels/day)2,0001,5001,0005000201020152020202120221,9042,3272,6172,7312,880Biogasoline()3,0002,500(thousandbarrels/day)2,0001,5001,0005000201020152020202120221,5321,7611,7731,7761,855Biodiesel()3,000(thousandbarrels/day)2,5002,0001,5001,0005000201020152020202120223515468139281,003()Datasource:IEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandEIADOE.Allrightsreserved.TotalBiofuelsincludebiogasoline(alsoethanolusedpureinBrazil“Hydrous”),biodieselandotherliquidbiofuels.RENEWABLES213BiofuelsProductionTotalBiofuels()1.5%SPAIN1.6%THAILANDWorld:2,880thousandbarrels/day1.7%FRANCE1.9%INDIARESTOFTHEWORLD12.5%2.0%ARGENTINAUNITEDSTATES43.5%2.9%GERMANYBRAZIL22.2%3.7%CHINA6.5%INDONESIABiogasoline()0.6%HUNGARYWorld:1,855thousandbarrels/day0.7%GERMANY1.1%ARGENTINARESTOFTHEWORLD4.8%1.1%FRANCEUNITEDSTATES54.0%1.2%THAILANDBRAZIL28.6%1.6%CANADA2.8%INDIABiodiesel()3.5%CHINAWorld:1,003thousandbarrels/day2.3%THAILAND2.8%FRANCERESTOFTHEWORLD18.8%3.5%SPAINUNITEDSTATES24.5%3.6%NETHERLANDSINDONESIA18.8%3.7%ARGENTINA4.1%CHINA7.0%GERMANY10.8%BRAZIL()Datasource:IEA(2023)ExtendedBalancesandEIADOE.Allrightsreserved.TotalBiofuelsincludebiogasoline(alsoethanolusedpureinBrazil“Hydrous”),biodieselandotherliquidbiofuels.CriticalMineralsCOBALTNICKELRESERVESRESERVESCountriesCountriesTheWorldTop10TheWorldTop9WorldCobaltReservesWorldNickelReservesPRODUCTIONPRODUCTIONCountriesCountriesTheWorldTop10TheWorldTop9WorldCobaltProductionWorldNickelProductionCOPPERRAREEARTHSRESERVESRESERVESCountriesCountriesTheWorldTop10TheWorldTop10WorldCopperReservesWorldRareEarthsReservesPRODUCTIONPRODUCTIONCountriesCountriesTheWorldTop10TheWorldTop9WorldCopperProductionWorldRareEarthsProductionLITHIUMSILICONRESERVESPRODUCTIONCountriesCountriesTheWorldTop9TheWorldTop10WorldLithiumReservesWorldSiliconProductionPRODUCTIONCountriesTheWorldTop8WorldLithiumProduction216EniWorldEnergyReview2023Cobalt-ReservesCountries()(tons)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Australia1,400,0001,100,0001,000,0001,200,0001,200,0001,200,0001,400,0001,400,0001,500,0007.1%0.6%Brazil-100.0%Canada89,00078,0000.0%China75.0%3.2%Cuba150,000240,000270,000250,000250,000230,000220,000220,000220,0000.0%4.8%Dem.Rep.Congo14.3%0.0%Indonesia80,00080,00080,00080,00080,00080,00080,000140,0000.0%1.4%Madagascar0.0%Morocco500,000500,000500,000500,000500,000500,000500,000500,000500,0000.0%-3.5%NewCaledonia-100.0%PapuaNewGuinea3,400,0003,400,0003,400,0003,500,0003,400,0003,600,0003,600,0003,500,0004,000,0000.0%Philippines0.0%0.0%Russia600,000600,0000.0%SouthAfricaTürkiye130,000130,000150,000140,000120,000100,000100,000100,000UnitedStatesZambia20,00017,00018,00014,00013,00013,000Others370,000200,00064,00051,00056,00056,00051,00047,00047,000250,000290,000280,000280,000260,000260,000260,000260,000250,000250,000250,000250,000250,000250,000250,000250,000250,00031,00029,00029,00024,00050,00040,00036,00033,00023,00021,00023,00038,00055,00053,00069,00069,0000.0%6.3%270,000270,000270,000270,000-100.0%740,000610,000690,000560,000640,000570,000560,000610,000610,0000.0%-1.6%World(rounded)7,300,0007,100,0007,000,0007,100,0006,900,0007,000,0007,100,0007,600,0008,300,0009.2%1.1%TheWorldTop10(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD8.5%0.8%UNITEDSTATES1.2%MADAGASCARDEM.REP.CONGO47.9%1.7%CHINA2.6%CANADA3.0%RUSSIA3.1%PHILIPPINES6.0%CUBA7.2%INDONESIAAUSTRALIA18.0%()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS217Cobalt-ReservesWorldCobaltReserves(tons)9,000,0008,000,0007,000,0006,000,0005,000,0004,000,0003,000,0002,000,0001,000,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022218EniWorldEnergyReview2023Cobalt-ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR3,8506,0005,5005,0304,8805,7405,6305,2955,900(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(tons)1,6004,6006,9004,2503,8703,5203,3403,6904,3613,90011.4%3.6%Australia6,5007,7003,1002,0002,5002,2002,2002,200-100.0%Brazil47,40063,00064,00073,000104,000100,00098,000119,000130,000-10.6%Canada3,6004,3004,2005,0003,5003,8003,8004,0003,8000.0%-1.4%China1,1002,70010,0009.2%-8.6%Cuba2,2003,7003,8003,5003,3003,4002,8003,000-5.0%8.8%Dem.Rep.Congo1,0002,2002,1002,3008502,3002,3000.5%Indonesia3,6803,3902,1002,300270.4%Madagascar6,2002,1903,3103,2802,9107.1%0.4%Morocco4,3004,1004,6004,6005,1002,9402,9533,0000.0%-100.0%NewCaledonia5,7006,2005,5005,9006,1006,3004,5003,6003,800PapuaNewGuinea6,8003,0002,3002,3002,3002,1009,0008,0008,9001.6%3.1%Philippines5.6%Russia76069011.3%SouthAfrica4,6003,000Türkiye11,6007,6002,4002,700UnitedStatesZambia64049050060065080023.1%Others13.9%7,6505,5406,3207,6404,5675,20015.2%-100.0%World(rounded)-2.2%89,500126,000111,000120,000148,000144,000142,000165,000190,0006.5%TheWorldTop10(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD5.7%1.5%TÜRKIYE1.6%MADAGASCARDEM.REP.CONGO70.1%1.6%PAPUANEWGUINEA2.0%CUBA2.0%PHILIPPINES2.1%CANADA3.2%AUSTRALIA4.8%RUSSIA5.4%INDONESIA()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS219Cobalt-ProductionWorldCobaltProduction(tons)200,000180,000160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022220EniWorldEnergyReview2023Copper-ReservesCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandtons)80,00088,00089,00088,00088,00087,00088,00093,00097,0004.3%1.6%Australia8,00011,00011,00011,0009,0009,8007,600-22.4%-0.4%Canada150,000210,000210,000170,000170,000200,000200,000200,000190,000-5.0%2.0%Chile30,00030,00028,00027,00026,00026,00026,00026,00027,000-0.9%China20,00020,00020,00020,00019,00019,00031,00031,0003.8%Dem,Rep,Congo30,0002,0000.0%Germany18,00046,00046,00026,00051,00028,00024,00024,000Indonesia38,00082,00081,00020,00020,00020,00020,0000.0%-1.8%Kazakhstan90,00046,00050,00053,00053,00053,00053,0000.0%0.9%Mexico26,00030,00030,00081,00083,00087,00092,00077,00081,0000.0%2.8%Peru30,00033,00035,00032,00031,00030,0005.2%-0.9%Poland35,00020,00020,00045,00061,00061,00061,00062,00062,000-3.2%1.2%Russia20,000150,000150,00020,00048,00051,00048,00048,00044,0000.0%6.2%UnitedStates80,000260,00019,00019,00021,00021,00019,000-8.3%1.9%Zambia210,000220,000200,000180,000200,000-9.5%-0.4%Others11.1%7.9%World(rounded)630,000720,000720,000790,000830,000870,000870,000880,000890,0001.1%2.9%TheWorldTop10(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD27.8%2.7%INDONESIA3.0%CHINACHILE21.5%3.4%POLAND3.5%DEM.REP.CONGOAUSTRALIA11.0%5.0%UNITEDSTATES6.0%MEXICO7.0%RUSSIA9.1%PERU()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS221Copper-ReservesWorldCopperReserves(thousandtons)900,000800,000700,000600,000500,000400,000300,000200,000100,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022222EniWorldEnergyReview2023Copper-ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandtons)8709719488609209348858138305256977085735855505302.1%-0.4%Australia5,4205,7605,5505,5005,8305,7905,7305,6205,200-3.6%0.1%Canada1,1901,7101,9001,7101,5901,6801,7201,9101,900-7.5%-0.3%Chile3431,0208461,0901,2301,2901,6001,7402,200-0.5%4.0%China87272750573192026.4%16.8%Dem.Rep.Congo38059462265156255251058025.9%0.4%Indonesia2601,70075260371573373474013.7%3.6%Kazakhstan1,2502,3507427512,4602,1502,3002,2000.8%9.1%Mexico4257322,4502,400399393391390-4.3%4.8%Peru7031,3801,4308018109401,000-0.3%-0.7%Poland1,1107637057511,2601,2001,2301,3006.4%3.0%Russia6907121,2601,2207978538427705.7%1.3%UnitedStates1,9003,8004,1603,1002,8402,8503,400-8.6%0.9%Zambia79485419.3%5.0%Others4,2503,540World(rounded)15,90019,10020,10020,00020,40020,40020,60021,20022,0003.8%2.7%TheWorldTop10(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD3.4%MEXICORESTOFTHEWORLDINDONESIARESTOFTHEWORLD22.3%3.5%ZAMBIACHINACHILE23.7%3.8%AUSTRALIAPERU10.0%POLAND4.2%INDONESIADEM.REP.CONGO4.5%RUSSIAUNITEDSTATES5.9%UNITEDSTATES8.7%CHINARUSSIA10.0%DEM.REP.CONGOPERU()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS223Copper-ProductionWorldCopperProduction(thousandtons)25,00020,00015,00010,0005,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022224EniWorldEnergyReview2023Lithium-ReservesCountries()(tons)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Argentina850,0002,000,0002,000,0002,000,0002,000,0001,700,0001,900,0002,200,0002,700,00022.7%10.1%Australia580,0001,500,0001,600,0002,700,0002,700,0002,800,0004,700,0005,700,0006,200,0008.8%21.8%Brazil64,000163.2%12.0%Canada48,00048,00048,00054,00095,00095,00095,000250,000Chile7,500,000370,000530,000930,0001.1%1.8%China3,500,0007,500,0007,500,0007,500,0008,000,0008,600,0009,200,0009,200,0009,300,00033.3%-4.6%Portugal3,200,0003,200,0003,200,0001,000,0001,000,0001,500,0001,500,0002,000,0000.0%16.1%UnitedStates10,00060,00060,00060,00033.3%31.3%Zimbabwe38,00060,00060,00060,00060,000630,000750,00060,0001,000,00040.9%24.2%Others23,00038,00038,00035,00035,000230,000220,000750,000310,00022.2%23,00023,00023,00070,0001,100,0002,100,000220,0003,300,000World(rounded)2,700,00013,000,00014,000,00014,000,00016,000,00014,000,00017,000,00021,000,00022,000,00026,000,00018.2%5.9%TheWorldTop9(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD12.7%0.2%PORTUGAL1.0%BRAZILCHILE35.7%1.2%ZIMBABWE3.6%CANADA3.8%UNITEDSTATES7.7%CHINA10.4%ARGENTINA23.8%AUSTRALIA()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS225Lithium-ReservesWorldLithiumReserves(tons)30,000,00025,000,00020,000,00015,000,00010,000,0005,000,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022226EniWorldEnergyReview2023Lithium-ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR2,9503,6005,8005,7005,9005,970(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(tons)9,26014,10014,00040,0006,4006,30039,70055,3006,20058,80045,0001,4201,70061,0003.9%6.4%Argentina1602002002002,4002,20010.3%17.0%Australia30021,50028,30029.4%24.4%Brazil10,51010,50014,30014,2002,40020013,30014,000500Canada3,9502,0002,3006,80017,00019,30039,00037.8%11.5%Chile7,10010,80034890019,00035.7%14.0%China800200400800417710Namibia4709001,000800500900600-33.3%-2.4%Portugal8001,20080012.7%4.5%Zimbabwe1,600World(rounded)28,10031,50038,00069,00095,00086,00082,500107,000130,00021.5%13.6%TheWorldTop8(2022)47.2%0.4%CANADA0.5%PORTUGAL0.6%ZIMBABWE1.7%BRAZIL4.8%ARGENTINA14.7%CHINAAUSTRALIACHILE30.2%()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS227Lithium-ProductionWorldLithiumProduction(tons)140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022228EniWorldEnergyReview2023Nickel-ReservesCountries()(tons)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Australia24,000,00019,000,00019,000,00019,000,00019,000,00020,000,00020,000,00021,000,00021,000,0000.0%-1.1%Botswana-100.0%Brazil490,0000.0%Canada10.0%5.2%China8,700,00010,000,00010,000,00012,000,00011,000,00011,000,00016,000,00016,000,00016,000,000-4.5%Colombia-2.9%Cuba3,800,0002,900,0002,900,0002,700,0002,700,0002,600,0002,800,0002,000,0002,200,000-100.0%DominicanRepublic-100.0%Guatemala3,000,0003,000,0002,500,0002,900,0002,800,0002,800,0002,800,0002,800,0002,100,000-100.0%IndonesiaMadagascar1,600,0001,100,0001,100,0001,100,000440,000NewCaledoniaPhilippines5,500,0005,500,0005,500,0005,500,0005,500,0005,500,0005,500,000RussiaSouthAfrica960,000UnitedStatesVenezuela1,800,0001,800,0001,800,0001,800,000Others3,900,0004,500,0004,500,0004,500,00021,000,00021,000,00021,000,00021,000,00021,000,0000.0%15.1%1,300,0001,600,0001,600,0001,600,0001,600,000-100.0%7,100,0008,400,0006,700,0007,100,0000.0%3,100,0004,800,0004,800,0004,800,0004,800,0004,800,0004,800,0004,800,0000.0%6,000,0007,900,0007,600,0007,600,0007,600,0006,900,0006,900,0007,500,0007,500,0000.0%1.9%3,700,0003,700,0003,700,0003,700,0003,700,000-100.0%160,000160,000130,000110,000110,000100,000340,000370,0008.8%490,000-100.0%4,500,0006,500,0006,500,0006,500,0006,500,00014,000,00014,000,00020,000,00020,000,0000.0%13.2%World(rounded)76,000,00079,000,00078,000,00074,000,00089,000,00089,000,00094,000,00095,000,000100,000,0005.3%2.3%TheWorldTop9(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD19.6%0.4%UNITEDSTATES2.1%CHINA2.2%CANADA4.7%PHILIPPINES7.0%NEWCALEDONIA7.3%RUSSIA15.7%BRAZILINDONESIA20.6%AUSTRALIA20.6%()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS229Nickel-ReservesWorldNickelReserves(tons)100,000,00090,000,00080,000,00070,000,00060,000,00050,000,00040,000,00030,000,00020,000,00010,000,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022230EniWorldEnergyReview2023Nickel-ProductionCountries()(tons)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Australia170,000222,000204,000179,000170,000159,000169,000151,000160,0006.0%-0.5%Botswana28,000-100.0%Brazil59,100160,000160,00078,60074,40060,60077,10076,00083,0009.2%Canada158,000235,000236,000214,000176,000181,000167,000134,000130,000-3.0%2.9%China79,00092,90098,000103,000110,000120,000120,000109,000110,0000.9%-1.6%Colombia72,00040,40041,60045,5002.8%Cuba70,00056,40051,60052,80051,00049,200-100.0%DominicanRepublic56,900-100.0%Finland232,00052,40054,00034,600606,000Guatemala15,000130,000199,00053,700853,000771,0001,040,0001,600,00053.8%17.5%Indonesia130,00045,00049,000345,000216,000-100.0%Madagascar173,000186,000207,00041,700345,000208,000200,000186,000190,0002.2%NewCaledonia269,000554,000347,000215,000272,000323,000334,000387,000330,000-14.7%3.2%Philippines40,000269,000222,000366,000279,000283,000205,000220,0005.5%Russia56,70049,000214,00017,8007.3%-1.7%SouthAfrica99,00027,20024,10048,400366,00013,50016,70018,40018,000-100.0%UnitedStates157,000150,00022,100310,000373,000429,000440,000-2.2%Others146,0002.6%13.2%World(rounded)1,590,0002,280,0002,090,0002,160,0002,400,0002,610,0002,510,0002,730,0003,300,00020.9%6.3%TheWorldTop9(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD13.4%0.5%UNITEDSTATESINDONESIA48.8%2.5%BRAZILPHILIPPINES10.1%3.4%CHINA4.0%CANADA4.9%AUSTRALIA5.8%NEWCALEDONIA6.7%RUSSIA()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS231Nickel-ProductionWorldNickelProduction(tons)3,500,0003,000,0002,500,0002,000,0001,500,0001,000,000500,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022232EniWorldEnergyReview2023RareEarths-ReservesCountries()(tons)201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)Australia1,600,0003,200,0003,400,0003,400,0003,400,0003,300,0004,100,0004,000,0004,200,0005.0%8.4%BrazilCanada48,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00021,000,00021,000,00021,000,0000.0%66.0%ChinaCommonwealthof830,000830,000830,000830,000830,000830,0000.0%IndipendentStatesGreenland55,000,00055,000,00044,000,00044,000,00044,000,00044,000,00044,000,00044,000,00044,000,0000.0%-1.8%IndiaMalawi19,000,000-100.0%MalaysiaRussia1,500,0001,500,0001,500,0001,500,0001,500,0001,500,0000.0%SouthAfricaTanzania3,100,0003,100,0006,900,0006,900,0006,900,0006,900,0006,900,0006,900,0006,900,0000.0%6.9%UnitedStatesVietnam136,000140,000Others30,00030,00030,00030,00030,000-100.0%18,000,00018,000,00012,000,00012,000,00012,000,00021,000,00021,000,0000.0%-13.4%0.0%-30.5%860,000860,000790,000790,000790,000790,0000.0%27.8%890,000890,0000.0%0.0%13,000,0001,800,0001,400,0001,400,0001,400,0001,400,0001,500,0001,800,0002,300,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00022,000,00041,000,0004,400,000310,000310,000280,000280,000World(rounded)110,000,000130,000,000120,000,000120,000,000120,000,000120,000,000120,000,000120,000,000130,000,0008.3%1.4%TheWorldTop10(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD0.9%0.7%CANADACHINA35.0%0.7%TANZANIAVIETNAM17.5%1.2%GREENLAND1.8%UNITEDSTATES3.3%AUSTRALIA5.5%INDIA16.7%BRAZIL16.7%RUSSIA()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.()Theaggregateincludesthefollowingstatesaccordingtointernationaldefinitions:Armenia,Azerbaijan,Belarus,Georgia,Kazaktstan,Kyrgyzstan,Mordova,Russia,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,UkraineandUzbekistan.However,someofthesecountriesmaynonproducerareearths.CRITICALMINERALS233RareEarths-ReservesWorldRareEarthsReserves(tons)140,000,000120,000,000100,000,00080,000,00060,000,00040,000,00020,000,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022234EniWorldEnergyReview2023RareEarths-ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(tons)55012,00015,00019,00021,00020,00021,00024,00018,000-25.0%-14.8%Australia8802,2001,7001,10071060050080-84.0%Brazil130,000200300200-100.0%4.1%Burundi2,800105,000105,000105,000630210,00025.0%0.3%China1,7001,5001,800120,000132,000140,000168,0002,900India302,9002,9002,9009600.0%-100.0%Madagascar5003001802,9004,0002,8006,800-85.9%Malaysia2,00012,000Myanmar2,8002,8002,60025,00031,00035,0002,600-65.7%Russia7601,6001,30019,0002,7002,7002,6007,1000.0%Thailand2,7001,9003,6008,20043,000UnitedStates5,9002202001,00028,00039,00042,000-13.4%Vietnam25018,0001,300802.4%Others7004009206610060-100.0%World(rounded)6033.3%133,000130,000129,000132,000190,000220,000240,000290,000300,0003.4%7.0%TheWorldTop9(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD0.0%0.1%BRAZILCHINA70.8%0.3%MADAGASCAR0.9%RUSSIA1.0%INDIA2.4%THAILAND4.0%MYANMAR6.1%AUSTRALIA14.5%UNITEDSTATES()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS235RareEarths-ProductionWorldRareEarthsProduction(tons)300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022236EniWorldEnergyReview2023Silicon-ProductionCountries()201020152016201720182019202020212022∆y/yCAGR(2022-2021)(2022-2010)(thousandmetrictons)2247869559090425050521171101702203406785850.0%5.0%Australia4,92054515457574043894000.0%-0.2%Bhutan1275,0005,0004,0004,8005,7004749492.8%1.9%Brazil1211201261401305,6006,4006,0000.0%-2.6%Canada74112127120-6.3%China6675797683886363-5.5%2.9%France60595957601031111100.0%-1.2%Germany303595959-0.9%Iceland6882113140150671221200.0%1.4%India6433753803753703751098592-1.6%Kazakhstan137433453623608.2%0.0%Malaysia747750670600610424949-0.6%-100.0%Norway127848565965766446400.0%Poland508181696966-0.6%-14.6%Russia1765966604963556057-100.0%SouthAfrica394404919-5.0%Spain411384415430310-61.2%4.8%Ukraine7,290300310274290278277313310-5.1%Venezuela175128210-1.0%UnitedStates7,6307,6006,5807,4008,41064.1%Others8,1209,1508,800-3.8%1.6%World(rounded)TheWorldTop10(2022)RESTOFTHEWORLD6.3%1.0%BHUTANCHINA68.2%1.0%MALAYSIA1.3%ICELAND1.4%FRANCE1.4%KAZAKHSTAN3.5%UNITEDSTATES4.1%NORWAY4.5%BRAZIL7.3%RUSSIA()Datasource:U.S.GeologicalSurvey.CRITICALMINERALS237Silicon-ProductionWorldSiliconProduction(tons)10,0008,0006,0004,0002,0000201020152016201720182019202020212022EniSpAHeadquartersPiazzaleEnricoMattei,1-Rome-ItalyCapitalStock:€4,005,358,876.00fullypaidupRomeCompaniesRegisterTaxIdentificationNumber00484960588BranchesViaEmilia,1-SanDonatoMilanese(MI)-ItalyWebsiteeni.comProducedbyEniSpAWorldEnergyReview2023EniSpAPiazzaleEnricoMattei,100144RomaPh+390659821Fax+390659822141eni.com