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ZERO CARBON

BUILDING

DESIGN STANDARD

VERSION 2

Canada Green Building Council®

July 2021

charge or written permission, provided that appropriate source acknowledgements are made and that no changes are made to

the contents. All other rights are reserved.

The analyses/views in these materials are those of CaGBC, but these analyses/views do not necessarily reect those of CaGBC’s

aliates including supporters, funders, members, and other participants or any endorsement by CaGBC’s aliates.

These materials are provided on an “as is” basis, and neither CaGBC nor its aliates guarantee any parts or aspects of these

materials. CaGBC and its aliates are not liable (either directly or indirectly) nor accept any legal responsibility for any issues that

may be related to relying on the materials (including any consequences from using/applying the materials’ contents).

Each user is solely responsible, at the user’s own risk, for any issues arising from any use or application of the materials’ contents.

TRADEMARK

Zero Carbon BuildingTM is a trademark of the Canada Green Building Council (CaGBC).

Zero Carbon Building – Design Standard Version 2

ISBN: 978-0-9813298-4-0

3 CaGBC | Zero Carbon Building – Design Standard Version 2 | July 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7

OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Eligibility .................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Scope ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Required Documentation .......................................................................................................................................................... 12

CARBON REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 13

Embodied Carbon .................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Operational Carbon .................................................................................................................................................................. 19

Direct Emissions ................................................................................................................................................................. 19

Indirect Emissions ............................................................................................................................................................... 21

Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Avoided Emissions ................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Avoided Emissions from Exported Green Power ................................................................................................................ 25

Avoided Emissions from Carbon Osets ............................................................................................................................ 25

Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Zero Carbon Transition Plan ..................................................................................................................................................... 27

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 28

Thermal Energy Demand Intensity ............................................................................................................................................ 29

Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Energy Use Intensity ................................................................................................................................................................. 35

Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Peak Demand ........................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Modelling and Design Considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 39

Airtightness ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39

Future Weather .................................................................................................................................................................... 39

Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................... 40

IMPACT & INNOVATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 41

Resources ........................................................................................................................................................................... 42

GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44

ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................................................. 46

APPENDIX I – Requirements for Bundled Green Power Products that are not ECOLOGO or Green-e Certied ................ 47

APPENDIX II – Embodied Carbon Requirements for Baseline Buildings ................................................................................. 48

APPENDIX III – Summary of Addenda Changes......................................................................................................................... 49

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ZEROCARBONBUILDINGDESIGNSTANDARDVERSION2CanadaGreenBuildingCouncil®July2021Copyright©CanadaGreenBuildingCouncil(CaGBC),2020.Thesematerialsmaybereproducedinwholeorinpartwithoutchargeorwrittenpermission,providedthatappropriatesourceacknowledgementsaremadeandthatnochangesaremadetothecontents.Allotherrightsarereserved.Theanalyses/viewsinthesematerialsarethoseofCaGBC,buttheseanalyses/viewsdonotnecessarilyreflectthoseofCaGBC’saffiliatesincludingsupporters,funders,members,andotherparticipantsoranyendorsementbyCaGBC’saffiliates.Thesematerialsareprovidedonan“asis”basis,andneitherCaGBCnoritsaffiliatesguaranteeanypartsoraspectsofthesematerials.CaGBCanditsaffiliatesarenotliable(eitherdirectlyorindirectly)noracceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyissuesthatmayberelatedtorelyingonthematerials(includinganyconsequencesfromusing/applyingthematerials’contents).Eachuserissolelyresponsible,attheuser’sownrisk,foranyissuesarisingfromanyuseorapplicationofthematerials’contents.TRADEMARKZeroCarbonBuildingTMisatrademarkoftheCanadaGreenBuildingCouncil(CaGBC).ZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2ISBN:978-0-9813298-4-03CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021TABLEOFCONTENTSINTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................................................7OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................................................................10Eligibility.....................................................................................................................................................................................11Scope........................................................................................................................................................................................12RequiredDocumentation...........................................................................................................................................................12CARBONREQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................................................................................13EmbodiedCarbon.....................................................................................................................................................................15Resources............................................................................................................................................................................18OperationalCarbon...................................................................................................................................................................19DirectEmissions..................................................................................................................................................................19IndirectEmissions................................................................................................................................................................21Resources............................................................................................................................................................................24AvoidedEmissions....................................................................................................................................................................25AvoidedEmissionsfromExportedGreenPower.................................................................................................................25AvoidedEmissionsfromCarbonOffsets.............................................................................................................................25Resources............................................................................................................................................................................26ZeroCarbonTransitionPlan......................................................................................................................................................27ENERGYREQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................................................................................28ThermalEnergyDemandIntensity.............................................................................................................................................29Resources............................................................................................................................................................................32EnergyUseIntensity..................................................................................................................................................................35Resources............................................................................................................................................................................35PeakDemand............................................................................................................................................................................37Resources............................................................................................................................................................................37ModellingandDesignConsiderations.......................................................................................................................................39Airtightness..........................................................................................................................................................................39FutureWeather.....................................................................................................................................................................39Resources............................................................................................................................................................................40IMPACT&INNOVATIONREQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................................................41Resources............................................................................................................................................................................42GLOSSARY.....................................................................................................................................................................................44ACRONYMS...................................................................................................................................................................................46APPENDIXI–RequirementsforBundledGreenPowerProductsthatarenotECOLOGOorGreen-eCertified.................47APPENDIXII–EmbodiedCarbonRequirementsforBaselineBuildings..................................................................................48APPENDIXIII–SummaryofAddendaChanges.........................................................................................................................494CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021DEVELOPMENTPROCESSANDACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTheZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2(ZCB-Designv2)wasproducedthroughextensiveconsultationwithexpertsandstakeholdersacrossthecountryoveratwo-yearperiod.UpdatestotheStandardweredevelopedusingthefollowingguidingprinciples,establishedbytheZeroCarbonSteeringCommittee:•Prioritizecarbonemissionsreductions•Ensureenergyefficientdesign•Encouragegoodgridcitizenship•Incentivizereductionsinembodiedcarbon•KeepitsimpleandaccessibleRevisionstotheStandardwereinformedbytheZeroCarbonPilotProgram,aninitiativedesignedtofacilitatepeerlearningandcapacitybuildingamongstagroupof16projectteamsthatcommittedtothetwo-yearimmersionprogrampriortothelaunchofregistrationfortheZeroCarbonBuildingStandard(ZCBStandard).Thepilotprogramrecognizedexcellenceandleadership,andservedtoinformthedevelopmentoftools,policies,andpathwaystoacceleratemarkettransformation.ThelessonslearnedfromthepilotprogramassistedtheCanadaGreenBuildingCouncil(CaGBC)inidentifyingopportunitiestorefinetheZCBStandard.In2019,aseriesofzerocarbonroundtableswereheldacrossthecountrytocollectfeedbackontheZCBStandardandtodiscussthechallengesandopportunitiesindifferentregionsofthecountry.Threeworkinggroupswerealsoformed,bringingsignificantsubjectmatterexpertisetothedevelopmentprocess.Theworkinggroups–focusedonenergymetrics,carbonaccounting,andembodiedcarbon–reviewedthefeedbackreceivedthroughthepilotprojectsandroundtablesandmaderecommendationstotheZeroCarbonSteeringCommittee.TheSteeringCommitteeworkedwithCaGBCstafftodevelopalistoffinalrecommendations.CaGBCextendsitsdeepestgratitudetoallourcommitteeandworkinggroupmembers;thepilotprojectteams;participantsinthezerocarbonroundtables,andthemembersofCaGBC’sEnergyandEngineeringTechnicalAdvisoryGroup.WealsowishtoacknowledgethesupportofSteveKemp,RDHBuildingScienceInc.,andChrisMagwood,EndeavorCenter.CaGBCwishestothankEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanadafortheirfinancialsupport.5CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021ZEROCARBONSTEERINGCOMMITTEEDouglasWebber(Chair),PurposeBuildingArjunKC,AlbertaEnergyChristianCianfrone,ZEBxCraigApplegath,DIALOGDarrylNeate,OxfordPropertiesEdCullinan,ATCOHakimNesreddine,HydroQuebecJagdambaSingh,CadillacFairviewMaeriMachado,WSPCanadaMariaMcGibbon,PublicServicesandProcurementCanadaMaryQuintana,BrockUniversityMattTokarik,SubterraRenewablesMaximeBoisclair,GBiMorganMcDonald,LedcorConstructionLtd.RyanZizzo,Mantle314SheenaSharp,CoolEarthArchitectureinc.WendyMacdonald,StantecConsultingLtd.ENERGYMETRICSWORKINGGROUPAntoniPaleshi,WSPCanadaChristianCianfrone,ZEBxCurtHepting,EnersysAnalyticsInc.ElyseHenderson,RDHBuildingScienceInc.FredericGenest,NRCanCanmetEnergyLukaMatutinovic,PurposeBuildingMartinRoy,MartinRoy&AssociatesMaximeBoisclair,GBiMeaghanKahnert,ARUPSamanthaLane,StantecConsultingLtd.EMBODIEDCARBONWORKINGGROUPFrançoisCharron-Doucet,GroupeAGÉCOJulie-AnneChayer,GroupeAGÉCOGeoffreyGuest,NationalResearchCouncilCanadaJennyMcMinn,UrbanEquationKaitlynTyschenko,EllisDon/PomerleauKevinStelzer,BrockMcIlroy/ENFORMArchitectsMarkLucuik,MorrisonHershfieldMattBowick,AthenaInstitutePatrickEnright,CityofVancouverRyanZizzo,Mantle314SandraDedesko,RWDISudhirSuri,L’OEUFCARBONACCOUNTINGWORKINGGROUPAdamStoker,UniversityofCalgaryDanielHegg,StantecConsultingLtd.DouglasWebber,PurposeBuildingFirasAbouKhamis,WSPCanadaHowlanMullally,CityofTorontoKalumGalle,MorrisonHershfieldMariaMottillo,PublicServicesandProcurementCanadaMorganMcDonald,LedcorConstructionLtd.NatalieKehle,InfrastructureOntario/TownofAurora6CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021Figure1–ZeroCarbonBuildingPilotProjectsinCanadaMohawkCollege–JoyceCentreforPartnership&InnovationHamilton,ONNiMATrailsResidential/CommercialBuildingGuelph,ONevolv1Waterloo,ONCuré-PaquinElementarySchoolSaint-Eustache,QCWalkertonCleanWaterCentreWalkerton,ONWilkinsonAvenueWarehousesDartmouth,NSTheStackVancouver,BCUniversityofCalgary–MacKimmieComplexCalgary,ABArthurMeighenBuildingToronto,ONTRCANewHeadquartersToronto,ONCityofVancouverFireHallVancouver,BCWest8thandPineVancouver,BCEcoLockKelowna,BCTheHUBToronto,ONConfidentialProjectWinnipeg,MBOkanaganCollege–HealthSciencesCentreKelowna,BCZEROCARBONPILOTPROJECTS7CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021INTRODUCTION1EnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Pan-CanadianFrameworkonCleanGrowthandClimateChange.Canada’sPlantoAddressClimateChangeandGrowtheEconomy(Gatineau,Quebec:EnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada,2016.).https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/pan-canadian-framework/climate-change-plan.html.2GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction,2019GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction(Nairobi:UNEnvironment,2019),12.3CanadaGreenBuildingCouncil.MakingtheCaseforBuildingtoZeroCarbon(2019).www.cagbc.org/MakingTheCase.Toavoidtheworsteffectsofclimatechange,allnationsmustfocuseffortsoncarbonreduction.Asanindustry,buildingconstructionandoperationsmusteffectivelyeliminategreenhousegas(GHGs)emissionsby2050.Toachievethisgoal,newbuildingsbeingplannedtodaymustsetzerocarbonemissionsastheirtarget.Retrofitsofexistingbuildingsmustlikewiseemphasizedeepemissionsreductions.Thereisnotimetowait.TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)hasfixedtheworld’savailablecarbonbudget–themaximumamountofGHGsthatcanbereleasedintotheatmosphereovertime–at420gigatonnes(Gt)ofcarbondioxideequivalent(CO2e).It’satargetdesignedtokeepglobalwarmingto1.5oC.However,attheworld’scurrentrateof40Gtofcarbonemissionsperyear,thatbudgetwilllastalittlemorethan10yearsbeforeweriskatemperatureincreasethatwillsignificantlyalterourclimate.Tostaywithinthiscarbonbudgetandtomitigatetheeffectsofclimatechangerequiresactionablesolutionstobetaken.EveryyearthatpasseswithoutsignificantlyreducingGHGemissionscontributestotheerosionoftheworld’scarbonbudget,cuttingwhatlittletimewehavelefttoreachzerocarbon.ThebuildingindustryismobilizingtohelpsupportCanada’seffortstoreducecarbonemissions.Buildingoperationsareresponsiblefor17percentofCanada’scarbonemissions,1withconstructionandmaterialsrepresentingafurther11percent,2providingtheopportunitytomakesignificantcarbonreductionsastheindustrymovestowardtheeliminationofemissionsby2050.Thisrequiredtransitionisgeneratingnewandinnovativepathwaystozerocarbon,expandingopportunitiesforindustrygrowthandjobcreation.TheCanadaGreenBuildingCouncil(CaGBC)launchedtheZeroCarbonBuildingStandard(ZCBStandard)toassisttheindustry’stransitiontozerocarbon.CaGBC’sMakingtheCaseforBuildingtoZeroCarbonreportconfirmedthatzerocarbonbuildingsaretechnicallyfeasibleandfinanciallyviable.Onaverage,zerocarbonbuildingscanprovideapositivefinancialreturnovera25-yearlife-cycle,inclusiveofcarbonpollutionpricing,andrequireamodestcapitalcostpremium.Thisfinancialreturnwillonlygrowasthecostofcarbonrises,whilezerocarbonbuildingsalsopromisetomitigatefuturecostsforutilitiesandretrofits.3AZeroCarbonBuildingisahighlyenergyefficientbuildingthatproducesonsite,orprocures,carbon-freerenewableenergyorhigh-qualitycarbonoffsetsinanamountsufficienttooffsettheannualcarbonemissionsassociatedwithbuildingmaterialsandoperations.8CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021ZEROCARBONBUILDING–DESIGNSTANDARDV2TheZeroCarbonBuilding–Design(ZCB-Design)Standardisamade-in-Canadaframeworkfordesigningandretrofittingbuildingstoachievezerocarbon.Zerocarbonbuildingsrepresenttheindustry’sbestopportunityforcost-effectiveemissionsreductionsthatspurinnovationindesign,buildingmaterialsandtechnology,creatingjobsandbusinessopportunities.TheseconditerationoftheStandardintroducesgreaterrigourwhileincreasingflexibility,tosupportthegoaloftransformingallbuildingstobezerocarbon.TheupdatestotheZCB-DesignStandardaredesignedtofacilitatethischangebyincorporatingthefindingsfromZCBStandardcertifiedprojectsandbyrespondingtoevolvingknowledgethatisshapingoperationalsolutions.Specialconsiderationwasgiventothefollowingfourtopicareas.EMBODIEDCARBONINCONSTRUCTIONMATERIALSWhiletheenergyefficiencyofbuildingshasimprovedandreducedtheemissionsassociatedwithbuildingoperations,therelativeembodiedcarbonassociatedwithbuildingmaterialshasincreased.4Emphasisnowneedstobedirectedatreducingthecarbonassociatedwiththelife-cycleembodiedcarbonofmaterials.Ofparticularimportancearetheemissionsfromtheproductionofconstructionmaterials,whichtheindustrycallsupfrontcarbon.Theseemissionsbecomeafactorevenbeforeabuildingbeginsoperation.ENERGYGRIDSANDBUILDINGSBuildingdesignmustnowconsidertheinterplayofdrawingpowerfromthegridandsendingpowerback,toensuretheexchangesprovidemeasurablecarbonreductions.Forexample,buildingdesignshouldaimtoreduceandshiftpeakelectricitydemandtominimizeconsumptionattimeswhenfossilfuelsarebeingusedtomeetgridpowergenerationneeds.ONSITERENEWABLESOnsiterenewablesofferacost-effectivepathtoreducecarbonemissionsfrombuildingslocatedinareaswithhigh-carbonelectricitygrids.Theycanalsobeeffectiveinlow-carbongridsprovidedtheydisplacefossilfuelfiredpowergenerationtypicallyusedtomeetpeakdemand.NEAR-TERMCLIMATEFORCERSRefrigerantsandmethanearenear-termclimateforcers–GHGsthatlastashorttimeintheatmospherebuttrapalargeamountofheat.Asaresult,thesenear-termclimateforcersacceleratetheimpactofclimatechange.Increasingly,refrigerantsareusedinheatpumpstoenhanceefficiencyanddrivedowncarbonemissions.Thisnecessitatesabetterunderstandingofrefrigerantoptionsandbest-managementpracticestominimizepotentialrefrigerantleaks.Inaddition,theimpactofunintendedmethanereleasesresultingfromextraction,processinganddistributionissignificantandisnowrecognizedintheIPCCGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories.54Röck,M.,Saade,M.,Balouktsi,M.,Rasmussen,F.,Birgisdottir,H.,Frischknecht,R.,Habert,G.,Lützkendorf,T.,andPasser,A.,EmbodiedGHGEmissionsofBuildings–TheHiddenChallengeforEﬀectiveClimateChangeMitigation(Amsterdamn:Elsevier,2019),3.5CalvoBuendia,E.,Tanabe,K.,Kranjc,A.,Baasansuren,J.,Fukuda,M.,NgarizeS.,Osako,A.,Pyrozhenko,Y.,Shermanau,P.andFederici,S.,2019Refinementtothe2006IPCCGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories:Volume2–Energy(Switzerland:IPCC,2019),4.34.9CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021ENHANCEMENTSTOTHEZCB-DESIGNSTANDARDBuildingstandardsmustevolvewiththemarketandtakeadvantageofnewideas,newtechnologiesandnewprocesses.WiththeZCB-DesignStandard,focuswasplacedonimprovingrigourwhileincreasingflexibility,aswellasraisingthebaronkeymetrics.TofurthersupporttheeffectivenessandmarketuptakeofZCB-Designthefollowingkeyenhancementsweremade:1.EmbodiedcarbonandrefrigerantsmustbecarefullyconsideredandoffsetpriortoseekingZCB-Performancecertification.2.Asetofenergyefficiencycomplianceoptionsensureshigherperformanceandflexibility.3.Innovationisincented,encouragingtheadoptionofnewapproachesandtechnologieswhileprovidingmoreflexibilitytochoosethemostappropriatestrategiesforeachproject.Theseenhancementsprovideownersandoperatorsimprovedfinancialreturnsfromdesignsthatminimizecapitalcostsandyieldgreaterenergyefficiencycostsavings.Designteamsbenefitfromtheirdesignandtechnologychoicesbeingrecognized,freeingthemtochoosethestrategiesmostappropriatetoeachproject.WithZCB-Designv2,achievingazerocarbonbuildingmeanstakingresponsibilityforallthecarbonemissionsoverthebuilding’slife-cycle.Itisanambitiousbutnonethelesscriticalobjective,becausewithinthecontextofaglobalcarbonbudgeteverybitofcarboncounts.THEFUNDAMENTALSOFGOODDESIGNREMAINUNCHANGED1.Centraltothesuccessofanydesignprojecttargetingzerocarbonistheapplicationofanintegrateddesignapproach.2.Emphasisshouldremainfirstonthedualgoalsofminimizingembodiedcarbonandreducingenergydemand.Improvementstothebuilding’senvelopeandventilationstrategiesnotonlyreduceenergydemandbutalsoenableheatingsolutionsthatarenotfossilfuel-basedandhelpreducepeakdemandontheelectricitygrid.3.Meetingabuilding’senergyneedsefficientlyisacriticalnextstepthathelpsreduceenergyuseandsavesonenergycosts.Fromheatingandcoolingtohotwaterandlighting,efficiencyfocusesonmeetingenergyneedswiththeleastenergyandcarbonemissions.4.Considerationshouldnextbegiventohowabuildingmightgenerateonsiterenewableenergy,accountingforgridinteractionstoensurerealcarbonreductions.Energystorage,whetherintheformofelectricalorthermalstorage,isbecomingrecognizedasavaluablestrategythathelpsminimizegridimpactswhilereducingoreliminatingtheneedforfossilfuelstomeetpeakheatingdemand.5.Notallbuildingsareabletoreachzeroemissionoperationsbyrelyingsolelyononsitemeasures,andtheembodiedcarbonofconstructionmaterialscanonlybeoffsetwithmeasuresbeyondthebuildingproperty.Therefore,buildingprojectsshouldconsiderthepotentialforoffsiterenewableenergyandcarbonoffsetsasafinalmeasuretowardsattainingzerocarbon.10CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021OVERVIEW6TermsinboldappearintheGlossary.TheZeroCarbonBuilding–Design(ZCB-Design)Standardisaframeworkforthedesignoflow-carbon,highlyefficientbuildings,andensuresthebestpotentialtoachievezerocarbononceinoperation.TheStandardrecognizesthattherearemanystrategiesforreducingcarbonemissionsatthedesignandoperatingstages,providingflexibilityforbuildingsacrossCanada–ofallsizesanduses–toachievecertification.TheZCB-DesignStandardevaluatescarbonemissionsacrossthebuildinglife-cycle,includingconstructionandoperation.Certificationisawardedbasedontheproject’sfinaldesign,andteamsareeligibletosubmitforcertificationonceissuedforconstruction(IFC)documentsareready.ProjectsareawardedcertificationonceallrequisitedocumentationisreceivedandareviewbyCaGBCconfirmstherequirementsoftheZCB-DesignStandardhavebeenmet.Thebestbuildingdesigncannotensurezerocarbonoperations.ZCB-Designcertifiedprojectsdonotearntherighttopostacertificationmarkonthebuildingormakeaclaimofzerocarbon,andcommunicationsabouttheachievementofZCB-DesigncertificationshouldreflecttheexpectationthatoperationswillbeverifiedthroughZCB-Performancecertificationfollowingbuildingoccupancy.ZCB-Performancecertificationisawardedbasedononeyearofoperatingdata.Itincludes,inthecaseofprojectsthatpreviouslyachievedZCB-Designcertification,verificationofairtightness,andoffsettingoftheembodiedcarbon6ofthestructuralandenvelopematerials.RequirementsareestablishedintheZCB-PerformanceStandard.ZCB-Designcertificationmaynotbeusedtomakeacarbon-neutralclaimaboutaproductorserviceoriginatingfromaZCB-Designcertifiedbuilding,howeveritmayformpartofastrategytoachievethis.Figure2–SummaryofKeyZeroCarbonBuildingRequirementsZCB-Designv2One-timecertificationfornewbuildingsandmajorrenovationsZCB-Performancev2AnnualcertificationforexistingbuildingsCarbonZerocarbonbalanceModelzerocarbonbalanceAchievezerocarbonbalanceEmbodiedcarbonReportembodiedcarbonOffsetembodiedcarbonRefrigerantsReporttotalquantityOffsetanyleaksRECsandcarbonoffsetsProvidequoteProvideproofofpurchaseOnsitecombustionProvidetransitionplanUpdateplanevery5yearsEnergyEnergyefficiencyMeetoneofthreeapproachesReportEUIPeakdemandReportseasonalpeaksReportseasonalpeaksAirtightnessReportandjustifymodelledvalueConducttestingifZCB-Designv2certifiedImpactandInnovationApplytwostrategiesNorequirement11CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021ELIGIBILITYTheZCB-DesignStandardappliestoallnewbuildingsexceptsingleandmulti-familyresidentialbuildingsthatfallunderPart9oftheNationalBuildingCode.MajorrenovationstoexistingbuildingsmaypursueZCB-DesigncertificationprovidedtheyincludeHVAC,envelope,and/orinteriorrenovationsthatrequireanewcertificateofoccupancyand/orpreventnormalbuildingoperationsfromoccurringwhiletheyareinprocess.Proposedchangesofusetothebuildingarealsoconsideredmajorrenovations.ZCB-Designmaybeusedtoevaluatetheefficiencyandlowcarbondesignofentirebuildings,aswellasadditionsandattachedbuildings.Additionsandattachedbuildingswillbesubjecttoadditionalcriteria.ZCB-Designv2projectboundariesmaybealignedwithLEEDBuildingDesignandConstruction(BD+C)boundarieshowever,LEEDInteriorDesignandConstruction(ID+C)boundariesmaynotbeused.ATTACHEDBUILDINGSAttachedbuildingsmaypursueZCB-Designcertificationprovidedtheyarephysicallydistinctandhaveadistinctidentity.Thefollowingrulesshallapply:•Attachedbuildingswhicharephysicallyconnectedmustbephysicallydistincttobeconsideredseparateforcertification.Wherethephysicaldistinctionisunclear,applicantsmustseekclarificationwiththeCanadaGreenBuildingCouncil(CaGBC)byemailingzerocarbon@cagbc.org.•Attachedbuildingsmusthavedistinctidentity.Thisensuresthatthecertificationiscommunicatedappropriatelytothebuildingusersandthegeneralpublic.Wherethedistinctidentityisunclear,applicantsmustseekclarificationwiththeCanadaGreenBuildingCouncil(CaGBC)byemailingzerocarbon@cagbc.org.•Buildingsthathavenophysicalconnection,orareconnectedbycorridors,parking,underground,ormechanical/storageroomsareconsideredseparatebuildings.•Attachedbuildingsgenerallyshareacommonsiteandwillneedtoconsiderappropriateseparationofthatsitetodetermineemissionsourcestoincludeintheproject.•Attachedbuildingsmusthaveseparateventilationsystemsaswellasenergymeterscapableofmeasuringallenergyuse.Thisisnecessarytodemonstratecompliancewiththeenergyandcarbonrequirementsofthestandard.ADDITIONSNewlyconstructedadditionstobuildingsmaypursueZCB-Designcertificationprovidedtheyaresufficientlyphysicallydistincttopursuecertification.Thefollowingrulesshallapply:•Additionsmustbephysicallydistinct,representinganewlyconstructed,uniqueareaofabuilding.Thedistinctspacemustalsobereflectedintheprojectnamewhenregistering.•Additionsmusthaveseparateventilationsystemsaswellasenergymeterscapableofmeasuringallenergyuse.Thisisnecessarytodemonstratecompliancewiththeenergyandcarbonrequirementsofthestandard.12CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021SCOPETheZCB-DesignStandardappliestotheentiretyofthebuildingsiteandincludesallemissionsoutlinedbelow:•Direct(Scope1)emissionsfromthecombustionoffossilfuels;•Direct(Scope1)fugitiveemissionsfromtheleakageofrefrigerantsfrombasebuildingHVACsystemswithacapacityof19kWorgreater;•Indirect(Scope2)emissionsfrompurchasedelectricity,heating,orcooling;and,•Embodiedcarbon(Scope3)emissionsthatareassociatedwithnewstructuralandenvelopebuildingmaterials.REQUIREDDOCUMENTATIONApplicantsmustcompletetheZCB-Designv2WorkbooktodemonstratecompliancewiththeZCB-Designrequirements.7TheZCB-Designv2Workbookcontainsafulllistofrequiredsupportingdocumentation.ApplicantsshouldusethemostrecentversionoftheZCB-Designv2Workbook;however,theymayopttousetheversionavailableatthetimeofprojectregistrationprovidedthattheemissionfactorsfromthemostrecentversionareapplied.TheZCB-Designv2EnergyModellingGuidelinesarealsoanimportantresourcethatmustbefollowed.TheguidelinescontainrequirementsspecifictothedevelopmentoftheenergymodelrequiredforZCB-Designcertification.87Availableatcagbc.org/zerocarbon.8Ibid.13CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021CARBONREQUIREMENTS9TheZCB-Designv2Workbookisavailableatcagbc.org/zerocarbon.10ContributionofWorkingGroupItotheFourthAssessmentReportoftheIPCC,ClimateChange2007-ThePhysicalScienceBasis(NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2012),33.11CharteredProfessionalAccountantsCanada,TheTimeValueofCarbon–SmartStrategiestoAccelerateEmissionsReductions(Toronto:CPACanada,2016),11.TheZCB-DesignStandardrecognizesthattheholisticassessmentofcarbonemissionsisthebestmeasureofprogresstowardsminimizingclimatechangeimpactsfrombuildings.TheZCB-DesignStandardprovidesaframeworkforsuperiorcarbonandenergyperformance.TheintentisthatallbuildingsthatachieveZCB-Designcertificationwillbeequippedtoachievezerocarbonwhenoperational.ApplicantsforZCB-Designcertificationmustquantify,reduce,andoptimizeemissionsacrossthebuilding’sfulllife-cycle,recognizingtheimpactofconstructionmaterialsandbuildingoperations.Acarbonbalanceofzeroorbetterovera60-yearlife-cyclemustbedemonstratedforZCB-Designcertification.Thecarbonbalanceisthenetemissionsthatresultfromsourcesandsinksofcarbonemissions,calculatedasfollows:Figure3–CalculatingaZeroCarbonBalanceEmbodiedcarbon,operationalcarbon,andavoidedcarbonemissionsareseparatelyaddressedinthenextthreesections.Together,embodiedcarbonandoperationalcarbonoverthelifeofthebuildingareknownaswholelifecarbon.TheZCB-Designv2Workbook9hasbeendesignedtosimplifythecalculationofthecarbonbalance,andapplicantsmustusethistoolfortheircalculationofthecarbonbalance.ConsistentwiththeapproachtakenbyCanada’sNationalInventoryReport,emissionsintheZCB-DesignStandardarepresentedincarbondioxideequivalents(CO2e),orthevolumeofCO2emissionsthatwouldhaveanequivalentglobalwarmingpotential(GWP)over100years.Projectsareurgedtoalsoconsidertheemissionsusing20-yearGWPvalues.Methaneandsometypesofrefrigerantsactasnear-termclimateforcers,whichmeanstheyhaveashortlifebutahighheat-trappingpotential.Forexample,methaneonlysurvivesintheatmospherefor12.4years.Asaresult,measuredoverthenext20years,methanehas72timestheheat-trappingpotentialofCO2;conversely,over100years,itonlytraps25timestheheatofCO2.10Using100-yearGWPvaluesmisrepresentsthelargeheat-trappingimpactoftheseemissionsoverthenextfewdecades–theperiodoftimethatwehavelefttotakemeaningfulactiononclimatechange.11EMBODIEDCARBON•Upfrontcarbon•UseStageEmbodiedCarbon•EndofLifeCarbonOPERATIONALCARBON•Directemissions•IndirectemissionsAVOIDEDEMISSIONS•Exportedgreenpower•Carbonoffsets+-=NETEMISSIONS14CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021010002000300040005000600070008000100-year20-yearR-410aR-125R-32R-134a70800100020003000100-year20-yearR-410aR-125R-32R-134a01020304050607080CH4(Methane)100-year20-yearGLOBALWARMINGPOTENTIALOFMETHANE(CO2e)REFRIGERANTGLOBALWARMINGPOTENTIAL(CO2e)Figure4–20-and100-yearglobalwarmingpotential(GWP)ofmethane(source:IPCC4thassessmentreport)Figure5–Globalwarmingpotential(GWP)valuesofcommonrefrigerants(source:IPCC4thassessmentreport)15CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021EMBODIEDCARBONEmbodiedcarbonemissionsderivefromthemanufacturing,transport,installation,use,andend-of-lifeofbuildingmaterials.TheZCB-DesignStandardfocusesoncarbonemissionsacrosstheentirelife-cycleofthebuildingandassuchreductionsinembodiedcarbonshouldbepursuedaspartofanapproachthatincludesconsiderationofcarbonfrombuildingoperations(‘operationalcarbon’).Embodiedcarbonemissionsrepresentapproximately11percentofallenergy-relatedcarbonemissionsglobally.12Furthermore,emissionsthatoccurduringtheproductionandconstructionphases,referredtoasupfrontcarbon,arealreadyreleasedintotheatmospherebeforethebuildingisoperational.Giventhetimeframeformeaningfulclimateactionisshrinking,thereisagrowingawarenessofthecriticalimportanceofaddressingembodiedcarbon.Figure6–ImpactofUpfrontandOperationalCarbonEmissionsStoring(or‘sequestering’)carboninbuildingmaterialsisonewaytoreduceupfrontcarbon.Materialscanlockcarbonawayovermanydecadesand,insomeinstances,inperpetuity.Itissometimesevenpossibletostoremorecarbonthanresultsfromthemanufacturingandotherupfrontlife-cyclestagesofmaterials;inotherwords,upfrontcarbonemissionscanbeanegativevalue.ProjectsthatwishtoaccountforcarbonstorageinthebuildingmaterialsmaydosousingISO21930.Applicantsmustprovideanembodiedcarbonreportdemonstratingthattherequirementsoutlinedbelowhavebeenmet.TheZCBv2EmbodiedCarbonReportingTemplatemaybeusedforthispurpose.1312GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction,2019GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction(Nairobi:UNEnvironment,2019),12.13TheZCBv2EmbodiedCarbonReportingTemplateisavailableatcagbc.org/zerocarbon.“Upfrontcarbonisemittedbeforeabuildingisoperationalandcansignificantlyoutweighoperationalcarbon.”OperationsConstructionEmissions16CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021Figure7–EmbodiedCarbonLife-cycleStages14Applicantsmustconductalife-cycleassessment(LCA)ofthebuildingmaterialsthatincludesthefollowinglife-cyclestages,illustratedinFigure7:•Upfrontcarbon(life-cyclestagesA1-5)•Usestageembodiedcarbon(life-cyclestagesB1-5)•Endoflifecarbon(life-cyclestagesC1-4)IftheLCAsoftwareusedbytheprojectteamproducesavalueforbeyondthelife-cyclecarbon(life-cyclestageD)projectsmustreportthatassupplementaryinformation.Afterminimizingembodiedcarbonemissionsduringdesignandconstruction,projectsthatachievedZCB-Designv2willberequiredtooffsettheirembodiedcarbontoachieveZCB-Performancecertification.AsoutlinedintheZCB-PerformanceStandard,projectsmaychoosetomitigateembodiedcarbonbyoffsettingequalamountsannuallyoverasmanyasfiveyears.Beyondthelife-cyclecarbon(life-cyclestageD)isnotincludedinembodiedcarbonanddoesnotneedtobeoffsetwhenseekingZCB-Performancecertification.Toencouragebuildingmaterialreuse,theLCAshouldincludenewmaterialsonly.TheLCAmustincludeallenvelopeandstructuralelements,includingfootingsandfoundations,andcompletestructuralwallassemblies(fromcladdingtointeriorfinishes,includingbasement),structuralfloorsandceilings(notincludingfinishes),roofassemblies,andstairs.Parkingstructuresaretobeincluded;however,excavationandothersitedevelopment,partitions,buildingservices(electrical,mechanical,firedetection,alarmsystems,elevators,etc.),andsurfaceparkinglotsareexcluded.14Figure7originallyappearedintheWorldGreenBuildingCouncilreportBringingEmbodiedCarbonUpfront,5.WholeLifeCarbonEmbodiedCarbonUpfrontCarbonOperationalCarbonOutofScopeBeyondtheLife-cycleUseStageEmbodiedCarbonEndofLifeCarbonRawmaterialsupplyTransportManufacturingPRODUCTstageA1-3A1A2A3Construction-installationprocessTransportCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSstageA4A5A4-5OperationalenergyuseB6OperationalwateruseB7B1B2B3B4B5UseMaintenanceRepairRefurbishmentReplacementB1-7USEstageTransportWasteprocessingDisposalDe-construction/DemolitionC1C2C3C4C1-4ENDOFLIFEstageDBenefitsandloadsbeyondthebuildinglifecycleSupplementaryinformationbeyondthebuildinglife-cycleReuseRecoveryRecycle17CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021Projectsthatwishtoevaluatetheirembodiedcarbonmorefullymayelecttoincludematerialsbeyondthestructureandenvelopeattheirdiscretionprovidedtheyarereportedasaseparatelineitem.Forexample,thefit-upofinteriorspacesmayprovideopportunitiesforembodiedcarbonreductions.Toprovideanopportunitytoinfluencedesign,ZCB-DesignrequiresthattheLCAanalysisbeginattheschematicdesignphase.Projectteamsareencouragedtosetareductiongoalasearlyaspre-design.Theembodiedcarbonreportsubmittedmustincludealistofrecommendationsthatwereconsideredand/orimplementedtoreducetheembodiedcarbonoftheprojectandmustbebasedonthefinaldesign.TheLCAmustassumeabuildingservicelifeof60years.Thisservicelifeischosentoensurestandardizedreportingthroughouttheprogramandmaynotreflecttheservicelifetheprojectisdesignedfor.Iftheservicelifeofaproductusedininitialconstructionislongerthanthebuilding’sassumedservicelife,theimpactsassociatedwiththeproductmaynotbediscountedtoreflectitsremainingservicelife.Embodiedcarbonmustbereportedinkilogramsofcarbondioxideequivalent(kgCO2e)asatotalvalue,aswellasbrokendownintwodifferentways:1.Alife-cyclestageanalysisincludingtotalsforstagesA,B,C,andD(ifavailable);and,2.Acontributionanalysisbrokenoutbyeithermaterialtypeorbybuildingassembly.TheLCAiseasiesttoaccomplishusingoneofthesoftwaretoolsspecificallyintendedforbuildingdesignteams,withthenecessarymaterialsdataandLCAmethodsalreadyintegratedwithinthetool.18CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021RESOURCESLifeCycleAssessmentofBuildings:APracticeGuidehttp://www.carbonleadershipforum.org/projects/lca-practice-guide/ProducedbyTheCarbonLeadershipForum,theLCAPracticeGuideintroducestheconceptoflife-cycleassessmenttobuildingprofessionalsandexplainshowtodeterminetheenvironmentalimpactsofabuildingstepbystep.TheCarbonSmartMaterialsPalettehttps://materialspalette.org/TheCarbonSmartMaterialsPalette,producedbyArchitecture2030,providesattribute-baseddesignandmaterialspecificationguidanceforimmediatelyimpactful,globallyapplicableandscalableembodiedcarbonreductionsinthebuiltenvironment.BringingEmbodiedCarbonUpfronthttps://www.worldgbc.org/news-media/bringing-embodied-carbon-upfrontBringingEmbodiedCarbonUpfrontisa‘calltoaction’reportfocusingonembodiedcarbonemissions,aspartofawholelife-cycleapproach,andthesystemicchangesneededtoachievefulldecarbonisationacrosstheglobalbuildingssector.ItwasproducedbytheWorldGreenBuildingCouncil.EmbodiedCarbonBenchmarkingStudyhttp://carbonleadershipforum.org/2016/12/30/embodied-carbon-benchmarks/TheCarbonLeadershipForums’EmbodiedCarbonBenchmarkingStudyestablishesconsensusontheorderofmagnitudeoftypicalbuildingembodiedcarbon,identifiessourcesofuncertainty,andoutlinesstrategiestoovercomethisuncertainty.19CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021OPERATIONALCARBONOperationalcarbonemissionsareassociatedwithenergyuseandthereleaseofrefrigerantsduringregularbuildingoperations.TheZCB-DesignStandardleveragesthemethodologyoftheGHGProtocol’sCorporateAccountingandReportingStandardforthequantificationofemissionsfromtheoperationofthebuilding.DIRECTEMISSIONSDirectemissionsrefertoemissionsthatoccurattheprojectsiteasaresultofthecombustionoffossilfuelsorthereleaseofrefrigerants.FUGITIVEEMISSIONSFROMREFRIGERANTSLow-carbondesignsoftentakeadvantageoftheefficiencyprovidedbyheatpumptechnology,suchasvariablerefrigerantflow(VRF)systems.Refrigerantsusedinheatpumpequipmentcancontributetoclimatechangewhentheyleakintotheatmosphereorareimproperlydisposedofattheirendoflife.Projectteamsshouldconsidertheglobalwarmingpotential(GWP)ofdifferentrefrigerantoptionswhenmakingdesigndecisions,astheheat-trappingpotentialofsomeoptionscanbehundredsoreventhousandsoftimesgreaterthanotherchoices.ZCB-Designcertificationrequiresprojectstoreportthetotalquantity,type,andGWPofeachrefrigerantcontainedinallbasebuildingHVACsystemswithacapacityof19kW(5.4tons)orgreater.ThisisconsistentwiththeFederalHalocarbonRegulations(2003)thatregulateallfederalgovernmentbuildingsinCanada.ReportingtheGWPwillenableprojectteamstounderstandtheimplicationsofanaccidentalrefrigerantleak.RefrigerantswhichdonothaveaGWPdonotneedtobereported.COMBUSTIONTheZCB-Designv2Workbookappliesemissionsfactorstocalculateannualbuildingemissionsassociatedwithonsitecombustion.ProvincialGHGfactorsareusedfornaturalgas,whilenationalfactorsareusedforotherfossilfuels(e.g.propane,fueloil,anddiesel).EmissionfactorsaresourcedfromthemostrecentreleaseofCanada’sNationalInventoryReportandmaybeupdatedperiodically.ProjectsmustusetheemissionsfactorsinthemostrecentZCB-Designv2Workbookavailableatthetimeofsubmissionforcertification.Fuelusedinemergencyback-upgeneratorsdoesnotneedtobeestimatedforZCB-Designcertificationhowever,itmustbeincludedinthezero-carbonbalanceforZCB-Performancecertification.BIOGASTheZCB-DesignStandardrecognizesthebenefitsofcertainformsofrenewablenaturalgas(biogas).Eligiblebiogasresources(i.e.thosethatareconsideredzeroemissionsbiofuels)thatcanbeusedonsiteincludegaseousproductsproducedbytheanaerobicdecompositionoforganicwastesfromoneofthefollowingsources:a.Sewagetreatmentplants;b.Manureandotherfarmandfood/feed-basedanaerobicdigestionprocessingfacilities;andc.Landfillgas.Applicantsmusteitherproducetheirownbiogasonsite,orpurchasebiogasfromtheirnaturalgasproviderforittobeeligible.Eligiblebiogasemissionsareassignedanemissionsfactorofzeroanddonotcontributetodirectemissions.20CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021BIOMASSTheZCB-DesignStandarddoesnottreatallbiomassascarbonneutralbutdoesrecognizethebenefitsofcertainformsofrenewablebiomass.Assuch,applicantswhouseanonsiteformofbiomassmayproposemorespecificemissionsfactorswheretheycanbeverifiedbyaregisteredprofessional.Biomassresourcesusedonsitethatareeligibletobetreatedaszeroemissionsbiofuels15include:a.Solidbiomassremovedfromfieldsandforeststhataremanagedbyfollowingsoundenvironmentalmanagementpractices.16Solidbiomasscaneitherbewholeplants,partsofplants,orharvestingandindustrialby-productresiduesarisingfromtheharvestingandprocessingofagriculturalcropsorforestryproductsthatwouldotherwisebelandfilledorincinerated;b.Dedicatedenergycropswitharotationoflessthan10years;andc.Liquidfuelsderivedfrombiomassasdefinedinitems(a)and(b)above,including,amongotherthings,ethanol,biodiesel,andmethanol.Biomassresourcesthatareineligibletobetreatedaszeroemissionsbiofuelsinclude:a.Municipalsolidwaste;andb.Topreventtoxicemissions,thosemanufacturingprocessby-productsthathavebeentreatedinthemannerslistedbelow:i.Woodcoatedwithpaint,plasticsorformica;ii.Woodtreatedwithpreservativescontaininghalogens,chlorineorhalidecompoundslikechromatedcopperarsenateorarsenic;iii.Woodthathasbeentreatedwithadhesives;andiv.Railroadties.Ifthetreatedbiomasstypes(per(b)above)compriseonepercentorlessbyweightofthetotalbiomassused,andtheremainderisfromeligiblesourcesofbiomass,allbiomassmaybeconsideredeligibletobetreatedasazeroemissionsbiofuel.Eligiblezeroemissionsbiofuelsarequantifiedwithanemissionsfactorofzeroanddonotcontributetodirectemissions.15‘Zeroemissions’ismeanttocharacterizecertainbiofuelsfromanet-carbonemissionsperspective;itisunderstoodthatothercombustionproductsarereleasedduringcombustion.16RefertoUL2854StandardforSustainabilityforRenewableLow-ImpactElectricityProductsforadefinitionof‘soundenvironmentalmanagementpractices’.21CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021INDIRECTEMISSIONSIndirectemissionsrefertothoseemissionsthatdonotoccurdirectlywithintheprojectsite,suchasemissionsassociatedwithpurchasedenergy,wateruse,waste,andtransportationfromcommuting.Asdetailedbelow,indirectemissionswithinthescopeofZCB-Designcertificationincludeonlytheemissionsassociatedwithpurchasedenergy,suchaselectricityorthermalenergy.DISTRICTHEATINGANDCOOLINGTheZCB-Designv2Workbookispreloadedwithdefaultemissionsfactorsfordistrictsteam,districthotwater,andthreetypesofdistrictchilledwatersystems.Applicantsarerequiredtoidentifyandenterthefuelbeingusedand,ifusingdistrictchilledwater,thetypeofchilledwatersystem.TheZCB-DesignStandardrecognizesthatthedefaultemissionsfactorsmaynotaccuratelyreflectthoseofthedistrictheatingorcoolingsourceforagivenbuilding.Theemissionfactorsforthesespecificsourcesmaybeusedwheretheyareavailableandcanbeverifiedbyaregisteredprofessional.GRIDORDISTRICTELECTRICITYProvinciallocation-basedelectricitygridemissionsfactorsareusedtorepresenttheaverageemissionsofallgrid-connectedelectricitygenerationinagivenprovince.Provinciallocation-basedelectricitygridemissionsfactorsareincludedintheZCB-Designv2Workbook,whichisperiodicallyupdatedtoreflectthelatestemissionfactorsfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada’sNationalInventoryReport.17Projectsmaysubstituteamarket-basedresidualmixemissionsfactoriftheirlocalutilityhaspublishedone.Residualmixemissionsfactorsareanemergingwaytoaccountfortheretirementofgreenpowerproductswithinaspecificgeographicboundary;however,theyarenotwidelyavailableinNorthAmerica.ProjectswishingtousethisoptionmayenteracustomemissionsfactorintheZCB-Designv2Workbookaswellasprovidethesourceoftheresidualmixemissionsfactor.TheZCB-DesignStandardrecognizesthatinsomeinstanceselectricitymaybesourcedfromadistrictenergysystemoranislandedgrid(asmallgridnotconnectedtotheprovincialgrid).Theemissionfactorsforthesespecificsourcesmaybeusedwheretheyareavailableandcanbeverifiedbyaregisteredprofessional.ProjectswishingtousethisoptionmayenteracustomemissionsfactorintheZCB-Designv2Workbook.Electricityusedbyelectricvehiclechargingstationsthatservicevehiclesusedoutsidetheprojectsiteshouldbeseparatelymeteredandexcludedfromthecalculationofindirectemissionsfromgridelectricity.17Latestversionofthereportis:EnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada,NationalInventoryReport1990-2017:GreenhouseGasSourcesandSinksinCanada(Gatineau:HerMajestytheQueeninRightofCanada,2019),A13.22CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021OWNEDRENEWABLEENERGYSYSTEMSOwnedrenewableenergysystems,whetheronsiteoroffsite,reducetheneedforelectricitygridpower,fuel,heatingand/orcooling,andtherebyreducetheemissionsassociatedwiththeseenergysources.Renewableenergysystemstypicallytaketheformofsolarorwindpowergenerationandsolarthermalheating.Ifgreenpowerisgeneratedinexcessofenergyuseasevaluatedonanhourlybasis,itcontributestotheavoidedemissionsfromexportedgreenpower(seeAvoidedEmissionsfromExportedGreenPowersection).Allenvironmentalattributes(intheformofrenewableenergycertificates)associatedwiththeonsiteoroffsitegenerationand/orexportofgreenpowermustberetainedbytheapplicantandcannotbesoldtocounttowardtheachievementofthezero-carbonbalance.Exceptionsmaybemadeinsomecaseswhereretainingenvironmentalattributesisoutsidethecontroloftheprojectteam.Examplesincludewhereanon-negotiablenet-meteringcontractorlocalenergylegislationrequiresthattheattributesbesurrenderedtothelocalutilityorgovernment.ONSITEOnsiterenewableenergyhelpstoimprovebuildingresilienceinthefaceofpoweroutages,reducesthetotalenergyuseandoveralldemandfromtheelectricalgrid,minimizesenvironmentalimpactsfrompowergenerationfacilities,andhelpsbuildtheknowledgeandmarketplaceforadistributedenergyfuture.ApplicantstotheZCB-Designprogrammustreporttheirtotalmodelledonsiterenewableenergy.Notethattheusableenergyproducedbytherenewableenergysystemistheoutputenergyfromthesystemlessanytransmissionandconversionlosses,suchasstandbyheatlossorlosseswhenconvertingelectricityfromDCtoAC.Onsitepowergenerationsystemsmayormaynotbenet-metered.Net-meteringallowsaprojecttoconnectrenewablepowergenerationequipmenttothelocalgridandreceiveacreditontheirbillforanyelectricitythatisexportedtothegrid.OFFSITEOffsiterenewableenergysystemsmustbenewandvirtuallynet-meteredtothebuildingseekingcertification.Virtualnet-meteringisanarrangementwiththeutilitywherebygreenpowergenerationequipmentisinstalledinanotherlocationandnet-meteredagainst(deductedfrom)thebuilding’selectricitybill.Alternatively,offsitesystemsmaytaketheformofgreenpowersystemsinstalledonadjacentbuildingsonacampus.23CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021GREENPOWERPRODUCTSGreenpowerproductsinvolvethepurchaseofbundledgreenpowerorgreenpowerenvironmentalattributes.Eachkilowatt-hourofprocuredgreenpowerproductsoffsetsanequivalentamountofgridelectricity.Procuredgreenpowerproductscannotbeusedtoreduceothersourcesofemissions.ToqualifyundertheZCB-DesignStandardgreenpowerproductscanbegeneratedanywhereinCanada,althoughprojectteamsareencouragedtoconsiderlocaloptionsfirst.Greenpowerproductsmustbegeneratedfrom:•Solarenergy;•Wind;•Water(includinglow-impacthydro,wave,tidal,andin-streamsources);•Qualifyingbiogas(seeCombustionsection);•Qualifyingbiomass(seeCombustionsection);or,•Geothermalenergy.Greenpowerproductspurchasedtomeetregulatoryprogramsmayalsocontributeprovidedtheymeettheprogramrequirements.Forexample,whereabuildingisinamunicipalityorprovincethatrequiresbuildingstooffsettheiroperationalenergyconsumptionwiththepurchaseofgreenpower,thesepurchasescanalsobeusedtomeettherequirementsoftheZCB-DesignStandard.Notallformsofgreenpowerproductsprovidethesamelevelofadditionality.Additionalityreferstothelikelihoodthattheprocurementofgreenpowerproductswillresultinnewrenewableelectricitygenerationequipmentthatwouldnototherwisehavebeeninstalled.Thefollowinghierarchyhasbeenestablishedtoensurethatprojectteamsareawareofthedifferentoptionsavailableandcanexplorethehighestqualityoptionsfirst.1.PowerPurchaseAgreements(PPAs):Apowerpurchaseagreementisacontractforgreenpowerandtheassociatedenvironmentalattributesthattypicallyincludesthepurchaseofasignificantvolumeofelectricityunderacontractthatlastsforatleastfifteenyears.PPAsareamongthehighest-qualityformsofgreenpowerproductprocurement.Theyaremostcommonlyusedatthecompany-widescaleandarenotsuitableforusebyasinglebuilding.PPAsarealsonotavailableinallregionsofCanada.AllPPAsmustbecertifiedbyeitherECOLOGOorGreen-e,ormeettherequirementsoutlinedinAppendixI-RequirementsforBundledGreenPowerProductsthatarenotECOLOGOorGreen-eCertified.AllpowermustbefromgreenpowerfacilitiesinCanada.2.UtilityGreenPower:UtilitygreenpowerisaproductofferedbysomeutilitiesinCanadawheretheelectricityandtheassociatedenvironmentalattributes(intheformofrenewableenergycertificates)aresoldtogether.UnlikeaPPA,utilitygreenpowerpurchasesoftendonotrequireavolumepurchaseorfixedterm.AllutilitygreenpowermustbecertifiedbyeitherECOLOGOorGreen-e,ormeettherequirementsoutlinedinAppendixI:RequirementsforBundledGreenPowerProductsthatarenotECOLOGOorGreen-eCertified.AllpowermustbefromgreenpowerfacilitiesinCanada.3.RenewableEnergyCertificates(RECs):Renewableenergycertificatesaremarketinstrumentsthatrepresenttheenvironmentalbenefitsassociatedwithonemegawatthourofelectricitygeneratedfromrenewableresourcessuchassolarandwind.Theycanbepurchasedfromathirdparty.AllRECsmustbecertifiedbyECOLOGOorGreen-eandgeneratedfromgreenpowerfacilitieslocatedinCanada.ZCB-Designcertificationrequiresatleastonepricequotefortheannualvolumeofgreenpowerproductsanticipatedtoberequired.GreenpowerproductpurchasesareverifiedforZCB-Performancecertification.24CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021RESOURCESTheGHGProtocol–ACorporateAccountingandReportingStandardhttps://ghgprotocol.org/corporate-standardTheGHGProtocolCorporateAccountingandReportingStandardprovidesrequirementsandguidanceforcompaniesandotherorganizationspreparingacorporate-levelgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsinventoryandformsthebasisfortheGHGquantificationmethodologyusedintheZCB-DesignStandard.TheGHGProtocol–Scope2Guidancehttps://ghgprotocol.org/scope_2_guidanceTheGHGProtocolScope2Guidancestandardizeshowcorporationsmeasureemissionsfrompurchasedoracquiredelectricity,steam,heatandcooling(calledindirectemissionsintheZCB-DesignStandard).NationalInventoryReport:GHGSourcesandSinksinCanadahttps://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-emissions/inventory.htmlEachyear,CanadasubmitsanationalGHGinventorytotheUnitedNationalFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC).ThereportfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanadacovershumancausedemissionsandremovals.AlsopublishedinthereportarethecurrentemissionsfactorsforfuelsandelectricityinCanada.TheTimeValueofCarbon:SmartStrategiestoAccelerateEmissionReductionshttps://www.cpacanada.ca/en/business-and-accounting-resources/financial-and-non-financial-reporting/sustainability-environmental-and-social-reporting/publications/time-value-of-carbon-smart-strategiesProducedbyCPACanada,TheTimeValueofCarbonexamineshowtoaccelerateGHGreductionsbyaddressingnear-termclimateforcers(NTCFs),theshort-livedGHGsthatsignificantlycontributetoglobalwarming.Refrigerants&EnvironmentalImpacts:ABestPracticeGuide-IntegralGrouphttps://www.integralgroup.com/news/refrigerants-environmental-impacts/Thebestpracticeguideisintendedtohelpthoseresponsibleforthedesign,installation,commissioning,operation,andmaintenanceofbuildingservicestomakewell-informeddecisionsinthedesignofrefrigerant-basedsystems.Thisguideisparticularlyusefulduringinitialdesignstages,wheneverthesesystemsarebeingconsidered.25CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021AVOIDEDEMISSIONSAvoidedemissionsareemissionsreductionsthatoccuroutsideofthevaluechainorlife-cycleofabuilding.TheZCB-DesignStandardrecognizesavoidedemissionsfrominvestingincarbonoffsetprojectsaswellasavoidedemissionsbasedonthegrid-levelimpactsprovidedbyexportedgreenpower.AVOIDEDEMISSIONSFROMEXPORTEDGREENPOWERIfrenewableenergyisgeneratedinexcessofenergyused(asevaluatedonanhourlybasis)andthenexportedtotheelectricitygrid,itisrecognizedascontributingtoavoidedemissionsprovidedthattheassociatedrenewableenergycertificatesareretained.Avoidedemissionsfromexportedgreenpowercanonlybeusedtoreduceindirectemissionsfromelectricity.Theavoidedemissionsarecalculatedusingmarginalelectricitygridemissionsfactorsforeachprovince.Thesefactorsarebasedontheemissionsintensityofthenon-baseloadelectricitygenerationand,therefore,bettercapturethegrid-levelemissionsreductionsachieved(baseloadelectricitygenerationbeingunaffectedbyadditionsofintermittentrenewableenergy).TheGHGProtocol’sGuidelinesforQuantifyingGHGReductionsfromGrid-ConnectedElectricityProjectschampionsamarginalapproachtoquantifyemissionsreductionsbasedonthegrid-levelcarbonimpacts.ThisapproachisfurthersupportedbyarecentworkingpaperfromtheGHGProtocoltitledEstimatingandReportingtheComparativeEmissionsImpactsofProducts.Thisworkingpaperadvocatesforavoidedemissionstoconsiderthesystem-levelimpactswhenbringingproducts(suchasbuildings)tomarket.Projectsthatwouldratheruseprovinciallocation-basedelectricitygridemissionsfactorstomeasureavoidedemissionsmayopttodosoattheirowndiscretion.Thesefactorsarebasedontheaverageemissionsintensityofalltypesofelectricitygenerationwithinaprovince.Inhigh-carbongridswheretheaverageemissionsintensityishigherthanthemarginalemissionsintensity(forexample,wherebaseloadissubstantiallymetwithcoal-firedelectricitygenerationandmarginalelectricityisprovidedfromothersources),usingtheaverageemissionsintensityallowsformoreappropriatesizingofrenewableenergysystemsandrecognizesthateffortsareunderwaytodecarbonizeCanada’selectricitygrids.AVOIDEDEMISSIONSFROMCARBONOFFSETS‘AvoidedEmissionsfromCarbonOffsets’referstotheemissionsthatareavoidedasaresultofpurchasinghigh-qualitycarbonoffsets,whichcanbeusedtooffsetdirectorindirectemissionsonapertonnebasis.High-qualitycarbonoffsetsensurethatoffsetprojectsincludesafeguardsrelatedto:•Additionality:Thelikelihoodthattheemissionsreductionswouldnothavehappenedanyway.•Permanence:Thelikelihoodthattheemissionsreductionswillnotbecanceledovertime.•Leakage:Theriskthatemissionsreductionswillresultinincreasedemissionselsewhere.26CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021ToqualifyundertheZCB-DesignStandard,carbonoffsetsmustmeetoneofthefollowingcriteria:•CertifiedbyGreen-eClimateorequivalent;or•Derivedfromcarbonoffsetprojectscertifiedunderoneofthefollowinghigh-qualityinternationalprograms:ᴑGoldStandardᴑVerifiedCarbonStandard(VCS)ᴑTheClimateActionReserveᴑAmericanCarbonRegistryOffsetsmaycomefromanywhereintheworldandanyprojecttypethatmeetstherequirementsoftheprogramslistedabove.Projectsmaychoosetoapplytheirowncriteriawhendecidingontheselectionofcarbonoffsets.Carbonoffsetspurchasedtomeetregulatoryprogramsmayalsocontributeprovidedtheymeettheprogramrequirements.Forexample,whereabuildingisinamunicipalityorprovincethatrequiresbuildingstooffsettheircarbonemissionswiththepurchaseofcarbonoffsets,thesepurchasescanalsobeusedtomeettherequirementsoftheZCB-DesignStandard.ZCB-Designcertificationrequiresatleastonepricequotefortheannualvolumeofcarbonoffsetsanticipatedtoberequired.CarbonoffsetpurchasesareverifiedforZCB-Performancecertification.RESOURCESCarbonOffsetGuidehttp://www.offsetguide.org/TheCarbonOffsetGuideisaninitiativeoftheGHGManagementInstituteandtheStockholmEnvironmentalInstitutedesignedtohelpcompaniesandorganizationsseekingtounderstandcarbonoffsetsandhowtousetheminvoluntaryGHGreductionstrategies.Itmayalsobeusefulforindividualsinterestedinusingcarbonoffsetstocompensatefortheirpersonalemissions.GuidelinesforQuantifyingGHGReductionsfromGrid-ConnectedElectricityProjectshttps://www.wri.org/publication/guidelines-quantifying-ghg-reductions-grid-connected-electricity-projectsThisreportexplainshowtoquantifyreductionsinGHGemissionsresultingfromprojectsthateithergenerateorreducetheconsumptionofelectricitytransmittedoverpowergrids.ItisasupplementtotheGreenhouseGasProtocolforProjectAccountingandwasproducedbytheWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)andtheWorldBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopment(WBCSD).27CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021ZEROCARBONTRANSITIONPLANAZeroCarbonTransitionPlanisacostedplanthatoutlineshowabuildingwilladaptovertimetoremovecombustionfrombuildingoperations.Awell-craftedplanwillleveragethenaturalinterventionpointsinabuilding’scapitalplanwhenworkwouldnormallybeneededanyway.ZCB-Designapplicantswhouseanyonsitecombustionforspaceheatingorhotwater,regardlessofwhetherzeroemissionsbiofuelsareused,mustprepareaZeroCarbonTransitionPlan.Thetransitionplanmustdescribethereasonsforonsitecombustionandhowheatingloadshavebeenreduced.TheplanmustalsodescribethemechanicalHVACstrategyandhowcomponentsofthesystemmaybeadaptedtoaccommodatenoncombustion-basedtechnologies(suchasoperatingtemperatureofthedistributionsystem,spaceallocationforrenewableorelectrical-sourcedheatingtechnologies).Naturalinterventionpoints(suchastheanticipatedendoflifeofmechanicalequipment)shouldbeidentifiedandleveragedintheplan.Finally,thetransitionplanmustincludeafinancialcomparisonofthedesignedorcurrentsystemandanon-combustion-basedalternative.Thetransitionplanshouldexplainthedifferencesbetweenthecurrentsystemandthenon-combustionbasedalternativeindetail,explainwhyitwasn’tchosen,andmustalsoincludea20-yearnetpresentvaluecalculationthatincludescurrentandprojectedfuelcostescalationandathreepercentdiscountrate.TheZeroCarbonBuildingv2Life-CycleCostCalculatorshouldbeused.1818Availableatcagbc.org/zerocarbon.28CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021ENERGYREQUIREMENTS19Availableatcagbc.org/zerocarbon.ProjectspursuingZCB-Designcertificationmustdemonstratesuperiorenergyefficiency.Energyefficiencyiscriticaltoensuringthefinancialviabilityofzero-carbondesigns,promotesresiliency,freescleanenergyforuseinothereconomicsectorsandgeographicalregions,andreducesenvironmentalimpactsfromenergyproduction.Efficiencyalsosupportsgridharmonizationandminimizesnegativeimpactsonelectricitygrids,suchastheneedtomeethighpeakdemandsorabsorblargeamountsofrenewableenergygeneratedonsite.EnergymodelscreatedfordemonstratingcompliancewiththeenergyrequirementsmustbepreparedinaccordancewiththeZCB-Designv2EnergyModellingGuidelines.19Toallowprojectteamstheflexibilitytochooseapathwaytozeroemissionsmostsuitedtotheirproject,threedifferentapproachesareavailabletodemonstrateenergyefficiency.Thefirstapproachprovidesthegreatestflexibilityformostprojects,withrequirementsforthermalenergydemandandoverallenergyuse.Thesecondapproachrecognizesprojectsthatpursuemoreaggressivethermalenergydemandreductions,puttingadditionalemphasisonthebuildingenvelopeandventilationstrategies.ThethirdapproachprovidesapathforprojectsthatwishtoachievezerocarbonintheirannualoperationswithoutrelyingonpurchasedmeasureslikecarbonoffsetsorgreenpowerproductssuchasRECs.Suchprojectswillgenerallybesmaller,achievingsuccessbyfocusingonenergy-usereductionsandrenewableenergyfromownedassets.“Energyefficiencyiscriticaltoensuringthefinancialviabilityofzerocarbondesigns,promotesresiliency,freescleanenergyforuseinothereconomicsectorsandgeographicalregions,andreducesenvironmentalimpactsofenergyproduction.”OPTION1FlexibleApproach•Thermalenergydemandintensity(TEDI)of30-40kWh/m2/year,asafunctionofclimatezoneORusingtheflexiblytoTEDIallowedunderOption1;and•Siteenergyuseintensity(EUI)25%betterthantheNationalEnergyCodeforBuildings(NECB)2017(priortotheadditionofonsiterenewableenergy).OPTION2PassiveDesignApproach•Thermalenergydemandintensity(TEDI)of20-30kWh/m2/year,asafunctionofclimatezoneOPTION3RenewableEnergyApproach•Thermalenergydemandintensity(TEDI)of30-40kWh/m2/year,asafunctionofclimatezone;and•Zerocarbonbalanceforoperationalcarbonachievedwithoutgreenpowerproductsorcarbonoffsets29CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021THERMALENERGYDEMANDINTENSITYThermalenergydemandintensity,orTEDI,referstotheannualheatlossfromabuilding’senvelopeandventilation,afteraccountingforallpassiveheatgainsandlosses.Whenmeasuredwithmodellingsoftware,thisistheamountofheatingenergydeliveredtotheprojectthatisoutputtedfromanyandalltypesofspace-heatingequipment,perunitofmodelledfloorarea.TheinclusionofaTEDItargetresultsingreateroccupantcomfortandensuresthatbuildingdesignersfocusonminimizingabuilding’sdemandforenergypriortoproducingorprocuringrenewableenergy.Thetargetalsohelpstoensurelong-termenergyperformance,asbuildingenvelopeshavelonglifespansandyieldveryreliableefficiencygains.Furthermore,buildingenvelopesaretypicallychallengingtoretrofit.Finally,improvedthermalperformanceiscorrelatedwithimprovedresilienceinthefaceofpoweroutages,asbuildingsarebetterabletomaintaincomfortableinteriortemperatureswhenthepowersupplyisdisrupted.ZCB-DesigncertificationrequiresprojectstoachieveaspecificTEDItargetasafunctionoftheenergyefficiencyapproachchosenandtheclimatezoneinwhichthebuildingislocated,asoutlinedinFigure8.TEDIistobecalculatedaccordingtotheZCB-Designv2EnergyModellingGuidelines20andmustbereportedinkWh/m2/year.VentilationstrategiessuchasheatrecoveryanddedicatedoutdoorairsystemscanhavesignificantimpactsonTEDI.Strategiestoimprovebuildingenvelopes,suchasincreasingthelevelsofthermalinsulation,canalsobeeffective.However,projectteamsconsideringmoreaggressivetargetsforTEDIareencouragedtoconsidertheembodiedcarbonimplicationsandgrid-levelimpacts(suchaswhenthegridpeaksandwhatthemarginalpowergenerationsourceisatthattime)oftheirchoiceofbuildingenvelopestrategies,ensuringthatthebuilding’slife-cyclecarbonisminimized.20Availableatcagbc.org/zerocarbon.Figure8–TEDItargetsbyClimateZoneClimateZoneFlexibleorRenewableEnergyApproach(kWh/m2/year)PassiveDesignApproach(kWh/m2/year)43020532226342473626840307A7B65487A5867B30CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021FLEXIBILITYTOTEDIALLOWEDUNDEROPTION1ProjectspursuingEnergyEfficiencyOption1:FlexibleApproachareprovidedadditionalflexibilitymeetingtheTEDIrequirementsiftheprojectislocatedinclimatezone7or8orhasuniqueheatingorventilationloads.ProjectsthatareunsureiftheirheatingorventilationloadsareuniqueshouldcontacttheCaGBCforguidanceatzerocarbon@cagbc.org.Forprojectswheretheseuniqueloadsapply,additionalflexibilityisprovidedfortheTEDIrequirements.ProjectsmuststillmeetthesiteenergyuseintensityimprovementregardlessofwhichTEDIrequirementsarefollowed.Figure9–TEDIFlowChartIsthebuildinglocatedinClimateZone7or8NoYesDoesthebuildinghaveuniqueheatingorventilationloads?Either:1.MeettheZCB-DesignTEDItarget;or2.PerformdetailedTEDIanalysis.NoMeettheZCB-DesignTEDItargetYesIsthebuildingoneofthefollowingtyles?:•Office;•Residential;•Warehouse;•Retail;•Hotel/Motel;•School;•Post-secondaryacademicbuilding;or•RecreationcentreNoEither:1.MeettheZCB-DesignTEDItarget;2.MeetanadjustedTEDItarget;or3.PerformdetailedTEDIanalysis.YesIstheloadassociatedwithakitchen,laboratory,gymnasium,orpool?YesEither:1.MeettheZCB-DesignTEDItarget;2.MeetanadjustedTEDItarget.NoEither:1.MeettheZCB-DesignTEDItarget;or2.ContactCaGBCforfurtherassistance.31CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021Thefollowingoptionsareavailableforprojectsbasedontheflowchartinfigure9:1.MeettheZCB-DesignTEDItarget–ProjectsmustmeettheZCB-DesignTEDItargetfortheprojectclimatezone.AllprojectsshouldbeginwiththegoalofmeetingtheZCB-DesignTEDItargetinFigure8.2.MeetanadjustedTEDItarget–Projectsmustidentifythespaceswithuniqueheating/ventilationloadsanddeterminetheTEDIvalueforonlythesespacesbasedonNECB2017prescriptiverequirements(I.e.NECB2017referencebuilding).TheadjustedTEDItargetforthebuildingwillbethefloorarea-weightedaverageoftheNECB2017referencebuildingTEDIvalueandtheZCB-DesignTEDItargetfortheremainingspace.Projectsmustmeetthefollowing:•TheadjustedTEDItargetfortheentirebuilding;•TheZCB-DesignTEDItargetfortheremainingspace(e.g.thespaceswithnouniqueheating/ventilationloads);and•TheNECB2017enveloperequirements(usingeithertheprescriptiveortrade-offmethodology).3.PerformDetailedTEDIAnalysis–ProjectsmustperformdetailedanalysisofelementscontributingtoTEDIanddemonstrateaggressivestrategiestominimizeTEDI.ProjectsmustalsomeetNECB2017enveloperequirements(usingeithertheprescriptiveortrade-offmethodology),conductmodellinganalysis,andprepareareportwhichincludes:•AthermalbreakdownshowingTEDIvaluesforeachheatingdemand(ventilation,infiltration,envelope,reheatetc.);•AsummaryoftheactiontakentoimprovetheTEDIforeachheatingdemand;•Arationaleforwhyfurtheractioncouldnotbetakenforeachheatingdemand(suchasafinancialcomparisonofdifferentoptions,oranexplanationoftechnologicalorprogrammaticlimitations);and,•Asummaryofheatgains,includingtheirimpactonTEDI.4.ContacttheCaGBC–Forcertainbuildingtypeswhentheuniqueloadisnotassociatedwithakitchen,laboratory,pool,orgymnasium,theprojectteamshouldcontacttheCaGBCbyemailingzerocarbon@cagbc.orgtodeterminethebestwaytoproceed.ProjectswhichmakeuseoftheflexibilitytoTEDIallowedunderOption1areencouragedtoconsideraddressingtheiruniqueheatingorventilationloadsbyproposingaproject-specificImpactandInnovationstrategy.32CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021RESOURCESLowThermalEnergyDemandforLargeBuildingshttps://www.bchousing.org/research-centre/library/residential-design-construction/guide-low-energy-demand-large-buildingsBCHousing’sguideaimstobroadenthecommonunderstandingofhowlargebuildingscanmeethigherlevelsofperformanceasrequiredbytheZCB-DesignStandard,andhasafocusoncurrentCanadiancoderequirements,constructionpractice,andtestedsystems.BuildingEnvelopeThermalBridgingGuidehttps://morrisonhershfield.com/bpa_library/building-envelope-thermal-bridging-guide/Thisguide,producedbyMorrisonHershfield,aimstohelptheconstructionsectorrealizemoreenergy-efficientbuildingsbylookingatcurrentobstaclesandshowingopportunitiestoimprovebuildingenvelopethermalperformance.33CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021CASESTUDYevolv1Certification:ZCB-Design(April2018)MechanicalEngineer:StantecLocation:Waterloo,OntarioEnergyModeller:StantecProjectOwner:TheCoraGroupArchitect:StantecArchitectureevolv1isathree-storey,10,219m2(110,000sq.ft)commercialmulti-tenantofficebuilding,designedtobeahubfornext-generationinnovationandthemillennialworkforce.ItwasthefirstprojecttoachieveCaGBC’sZCB-Designcertification.AchievingalowTEDIwasofparamountimportancetotheevolv1designteamand,assuch,theTEDIwasverifiedateveryiterationofthedesignenergymodelandwasincorporatedintotheearlyparametricmodelling.Thedesignincorporatesbothactiveandpassivesystemstooptimizevalueagainstconstructioncost.Theevolv1buildinghasa36.6percentwindow-to-wallratioandincludesavarietyofenvelopeconstructions,eachincludingmeasurestoreducethermalbridging.Thenorth-andsouth-facingfacadesusethermallybrokenclipstoattachpolyisocyanurateinsulationtothebuilding,withfiberglassoraluminumpanelsattachedtotheexterior.Thesouth-facingfaçadealsoincludesatranspiredmetalsolarcollectormountedonastructurebackedwithaninsulatedmetalpanelsystem.Thiswallisusedtopre-heatventilationairthatisthendistributedbythecentraldedicatedoutdoorairsystem(DOAS)totheentirebuilding.Thesecondandthirdfloorsuseacurtainwallsystemwithacontinuousribbonofvisionglazingbetweeninsulatedspandrelpanels.Allwindowsinthebuildingaretriplepaneandtheyareprotectedfromtheincidentsolarradiationwithhorizontaloverhangsonthesouthelevationandexternalverticalshadesontheeastandwestside.Theventilationsystemincorporatesheatrecovery:anenthalpywheelwithanefficiencyof81percentrecoverssensibleandlatentheatfromthebuildingexhaustyear-round.Anultra-efficientopen-loopgeo-exchangesystemcombinedwithavariablerefrigerantflow(VRF)distributedheat-pumpsystemdeliverheating(andcooling)efficientlytooccupiedspaces.evolv1wasdesignedtoachieveaTEDIof23.8kWh/m2,surpassingtheZCB-Designtargetof34kWh/m2forclimatezone6.34CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021CASESTUDYHumberCollege’sBuildingNxCertification:ZCB-Design(May2019)Architect:B+HLocation:Toronto,OntarioEnvelope,HVAC&SustainabilityConsultant:MorrisonHershfieldProjectOwner:HumberCollegeHumberCollegeInstituteofTechnology&AdvancedLearning’sBuildingNxisthefirstretrofitprojecttoachieveZCB-Designcertification.Originallybuildin1989,thefive-storey4,487m2(48,300ft2)campusofficebuildingunderwentadeepretrofitandachieveda70percentenergyreduction.Thedecisiontorefurbishandnotdemolishtheexistingstructurealsosavedasignificantamountofembodiedcarbonemissionsandenabledthebuildingtobeoccupiedthroughouttherenovationprocess.Thebuildingenvelopeunderwentacompletetransformation.Thetotalwindowtowallratiowasdecreasedto14percent,comparedtotheoriginal44percent.Thenewwindowsaretriple-panewithlow-ecoating,inthermallybrokenframes.Theoldaluminiumcurtainwallsandspandrelpanelswerereplacedwithacombinationofaluminumcompositepanelsandpre-finishedcorrugatedsteelwithaneffectiveinsulationvaluebetweenR-38andR-42.Otherinterventionsincludedtheinternalizationoftheglassvestibulelocatedatthenorthentrance,theremovalofthechamfersatthenorthernside,andtheremovalandinfillofaskylight.ThenewandimprovedbuildingfeaturesahighlyinsulatedandairtightenvelopethatresultsinaTEDIof12.5kWh/m2/year.Anentirelynewair-sourcevariablerefrigerantflow(VRF)heatrecoverysystemwasinstalledthatrecoversandtransfersheatbetweenzones.Aroof-mounted25kWsolarphotovoltaic(PV)systemcoversapproximately11percentofthebuilding’stotalenergyconsumption,generatingapproximately31,500kWhperyear.Theprojectteamusedtheadvantageofworkingonanexistingbuildingtomonitoroccupancydataalongwiththeinternalloads(plugloads)toprovidegoodestimatesofthebuilding’senergyusebeforemodellingit.Thisallowedthemtosetdesigndirectionsearlyintheprocess.35CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021ENERGYUSEINTENSITYEnergyuseintensity(EUI)referstothesumofallsite(notsource)energyconsumedontheprojectsite(e.g.,electricity,naturalgas,districtheat),includingallprocessenergy,dividedbythebuildingmodelledfloorarea.EvaluatingEUIensuresthattheenergyefficiencyofallbuildingsystemsisconsideredholistically.ZCB-DesigncertificationrequiresprojectstoreporttheanticipatedEUIofthebuildinginkWh/m2/year.ProjectspursuingtheFlexibleApproachtoenergyefficiencycompliancemustalsodemonstrateaminimumimprovementof25percentintheproposedbuildingperformanceratingcomparedwiththereferencecalculatedaccordingtotheNationalEnergyCodeforBuildings(NECB)2017.ProjectsmustfollowtheZCB-Designv2EnergyModellingGuidelines,21whichincluderequirementsaboveandbeyondtheNECB.21Availableatcagbc.org/zerocarbon.RESOURCESAdvancedEnergyDesignGuide–AchievingZeroEnergyhttps://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/aedgs/zero-energy-aedg-free-downloadTheAdvancedEnergyDesignGuide–AchievingZeroEnergyseriesprovidesacost-effectiveapproachtoachieveadvancedlevelsofenergysavings.Guidesoffercontractorsanddesignersthetoolsneededforachievingazero-energybuildingincludingrecommendationsforpracticalproductsandoff-the-shelftechnology.TheseGuideshavebeendevelopedthroughthecollaborationofASHRAE,theAmericanInstituteofArchitects(AIA),theIlluminatingEngineeringSociety(IES),andtheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil(USGBC),withsupportfromtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE).TheNationalEnergyCodeforBuildingshttps://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/codes-canada/codes-canada-publications/national-energy-code-canada-buildings-2017TheNationalEnergyCodeofCanadaforBuildings2017(NECB),publishedbyNRCanddevelopedbytheCanadianCommissiononBuildingandFireCodesincollaborationwithNaturalResourcesCanada(NRCan),setsouttechnicalrequirementsfortheenergyefficientdesignandconstructionofnewbuildings.The2017editionisanimportantsteptowardCanada’sgoalfornewbuildings,aspresentedinthePan-CanadianFramework,ofachieving‘NetZeroEnergyReady(NZER)’buildingsby2030.36CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021CASESTUDYTheJoyceCentreforPartnership&InnovationCertification:ZCB-Design(May2018),ZCB-Performance(November2019)Location:Hamilton,OntarioArchitect:B+H/mcCallumSatherProjectOwner:MohawkCollegeEnergyModeller:RDHBuildingScienceInc.TheJoyceCentreforPartnership&InnovationatMohawkCollegeisafive-storeybuildingdesignedforatightin-fillsite.Itiscomprisedof8,981m2(96,670ft2)ofinnovativelabs,workshops,lecturetheatres,industrytrainingcentresandshowcases.TheJoyceCentreforPartnership&InnovationisthefirstbuildingtoachievebothZCB-DesignandPerformancecertifications.Inordertomanagetheonerousenergydemandsofthisbuildingtype,anenergybudgetwasestablishedearlyinprojectdesignasastrictguidelinetoprioritizetheenergydemands.Theteamsetanenergyuseintensity(EUI)targetof75kWh/m²/year,placingthebuildingamongthelowestenergyconsumingbuildingsinCanada.Thisenergybudgetwasthemaximumenergylimitthattheprojectwastoconsume.Toachievetheenergybudget,anoverallheatlossperformancetargetwaschosenfortheenvelopeenclosure.Thewallsandwindowswereaddressedasasystem,withtheaimtoreachanaverageeffectiveinsulationvalueofR-10.Theenvelopeassemblysectionsincludedconsiderationforexpeditingconstructiontimelinesinbalancewithhighperformanceandaesthetics.Withthis,thecurtainwallassembliesincludeextensivethermalbreakdetailsaswellasinteriorinsulatedspandrelcavities,integratedwiththeopaquewallassembliescomprisedofasandwichinsulatedprecastpanelsystem.Windowsweretriple-glazedaluminumcurtainwallsectionswithU-valueof1.0W/m2/C.TheHVACsystemisbasedonadedicatedoutdoorairsystem(DOAS)withlocalheatingandcooling,supportedwithavariablerefrigerantflow(VRF)geo-exchangeheatpump.Ahigh-levelenergymodelwascreatedforthedesignteamtoinvestigatewhereenergywouldbeused,basedonoccupancyanddemandresponsivesystems.Thismodelexercisedemonstratedthatbuildingprocessandreceptacleloadswerethesinglelargestenergyend-useinthebuilding.Spaceheatingandlightingwasthesecondenergyend-use,followedbypumps,fans,spacecoolinganddomestichotwater.Asensitivityanalysiswasusedtostudychangesinreceptacleloadsaswellasairinfiltration.TheJoyceCentreforPartnership&Innovationisoperatingasexpected.Weeklymeetingsandexcellentteamcommunicationenabledcollaborationthroughoutdesign,whichensuredtheteamwasabletoachievetheirenergytarget.Credit:EmaPeters37CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021PEAKDEMANDSeveralCanadianelectricalgridsareexperiencingsignificantstressesaspopulationsgrowandextremeweathereventschallengethereliabilityofutilityservicedelivery.Reducingabuilding’speakelectricaldemandcanhelpelectricalgridscopewithpopulationgrowthandextremeweather,diminishingtheneedforadditionalgenerationanddistributioncapacity.Managingpeakdemandcanalsoreducethecarbonintensityofelectricityinlower-carbongrids,aspeakpowergenerationoftenreliesonenergysourcesthataremorecarbon-intensivethanthebaseloadenergysources,suchasnaturalgas.Itisalsoimportanttoconsiderseasonaldifferencesinpeakelectricitydemandasminimizingthedifferencesallowsthevalueofexistingelectricitygenerationanddistributioninfrastructuretobemaximized,whichreducesoverallcosts.Thatis,itismorecost-effectivetooperateinfrastructureyear-roundthantohaveportionsofitsitidleforpartsoftheyear.Toaddresstheseconcerns,projectspursuingcertificationundertheZCB-DesignStandardarerequiredtoreporttheiranticipatedsummerandwinterseasonalpeakdemand(or‘peakpower’).Peakdemandmustrepresentthehighestwinterandsummerelectricalloadrequirementsonthegrid,reflectinganypeak-shavingimpactsfromdemandmanagementstrategies,includingonsitepowergenerationorenergystorage.Peakdemandmustbereportedinkilowatts(kW).Projectteamsshouldconsidermeasurestoreducepeakdemandsuchas:•Onsiterenewableenergy,suchassolarandwindpower•Electricalorthermalenergystorage•Heatpumptechnologyforheating,coolinganddomestichotwaterneeds•Demand-responsecapabilitiesRESOURCESAdvancedEnergyDesignGuide–AchievingZeroEnergyhttps://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/aedgs/zero-energy-aedg-free-downloadTheAdvancedEnergyDesignGuide–AchievingZeroEnergyseriesprovidesacost-effectiveapproachtoachieveadvancedlevelsofenergysavings.Guidesoffercontractorsanddesignersthetoolsneededforachievingazero-energybuildingincludingrecommendationsforpracticalproductsandoff-the-shelftechnology.TheseGuideshavebeendevelopedthroughthecollaborationofASHRAE,theAmericanInstituteofArchitects(AIA),theIlluminatingEngineeringSociety(IES),andtheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncil(USGBC),withsupportfromtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE).38CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021CASESTUDYCuréPaquinElementarySchoolCertification:ZCB-Design(February2019)Sustainabilityconsultant:GBiLocation:Saint-Eustache,QuébecArchitect:LeclercAssociésArchitectesIncProjectOwner:CommissionscolairedelaSeigneurie-des-Mille-ÎlesÉcoleCuré-Paquinisa4,368m2(47,016ft2)elementaryschoolandthefirstschoolinCanadatoreceiveZCB-Designcertification.TheschoolboardseesthisprojectasaflagshipinitiativethatwillinformstudentsaboutGHGemissions,climatechange,andstrategiestoreducetheircarbonfootprint.DuetoQuebec’scleanelectricitygrid,thedecisionwasmadetopursueanelectricallyheatedbuildingwithcarefulattentiontoelectricitydemand.Thedesignteamstartedwithanenhancedbuildingenvelopewithreducedthermalbridgingandtriple-panewindows.Thisapproachreducedthethermalenergydemandintensity(TEDI)ofthebuildingandthereforeallowedformoreoptionsfortheheatingandcoolingsystem.Ageo-exchangesystemwasdesignedtocovertheentireheatingandcoolingneedsofthebuilding.Theheatpumpsystemhasanominalcapacityof95tonsandconsistedof36wells,each300feetdeep.Duringthestudyandtestingoftheground,thepresenceofanimportantwatersourcewasidentifiedbelow300feet,sothedesignerdecidedtoreducetheinitialdepthofwells(from500feetto300feet)toavoidtheundergroundriver.Thegeo-exchangesystemiscoupledtoapartialhydronicradiantfloorsystem.Anelectricalthermalstorageunitwithacapacityof240kWh(46.5kW)isalsousedtohelpstoreheatforuseduringpeakperiods.InQuébecthegridiswinterpeaking,withthepeaksoccurringintheearlymorningduetothedemandforheatingatthattime.Theventilationsystemisequippedwithheatrecoverythatusesenergyfromtheexhaustairtopreheatthefreshairandoperatesatanefficiencybetween85and95percent.Finally,11.8percentofthetotalenergyconsumptionofthebuildingisprovidedthroughonsitesolarphotovoltaicpanels(PV)withacapacityof27.3kW,mountedonthegymroof.TheprojectteamfollowedanIntegratedProjectPlanningandDesignProcessandensuredthatlearningsfrompreviousschooldevelopmentswereappliedinthisnewproject.Theenergymodel’shourlydemandanalysiswasusedasakeytoolforthedesignandsizingoftheequipment,aswellasforchoosingthebestcombinationofbuildingcomponentsandsystems.39CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021MODELLINGANDDESIGNCONSIDERATIONSAIRTIGHTNESSAirtightnessisacriticalfactorforenergyconsumptioninhigh-performancebuildings.Carefulattentiontodetailingatthedesignphase,anddiligentimplementationandinspectionatconstruction,arerequired.ZCB-Designdoesnotrequireprojectstoperformairtightnesstestingforcertificationhowever,testingwillberequiredinordertoearnZCB-Performancecertification.22AsairtightnesstestingmustbeconductedforZCB-Performancecertification,energymodelsforprojectspursuingZCB-DesigncertificationcanuseanairleakageratethatislowerthanthedefaultvalueprescribedintheZCB-Designv2EnergyModellingGuidelines.23Ifprojectswishtousealowerairleakagevalue,theymustexplainwhatstrategiestheyaretakingtoensurethelowervalueismetaswellasprovideasensitivityanalysisasdescribedintheZCB-Designv2EnergyModellingGuidelines.FUTUREWEATHERAsaverageglobaltemperaturesincrease,itispredictedthatheatingandcoolingdemandswillchange.Extremeweathereventssuchasextremeheatandcold,highwinds,andfloodingarealsoexpectedtoposeincreasedriskstobuildingsandtheinfrastructureonwhichtheyrely,suchaselectricitygrids.Projectteamsmustunderstandthattheweatheroftodaymaynotbeanaccuratewaytomodelabuilding’sperformanceinthefuture.Projectteamswithaccesstofuture-weatherfilesareencouragedtoperformasensitivityanalysistoevaluatethebuilding’sabilitytomaintaincomfortandzerocarbonoperations.A2050timeframemaybereasonable.ProjectteamsthatevaluatetheimplicationsoffutureweatherareencouragedtoprovidetheirfindingsintheirsubmissionforZCB-Designcertification.22SeetheZCB-PerformanceStandardfordetailsofairleakagetestingrequirements.23Availableatcagbc.org/zerocarbon.40CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021RESOURCESIllustratedGuide:AchievingAirtightBuildingshttps://www.bchousing.org/research-centre/library/residential-design-construction/achieving-airtight-buildingsThisguidefromBCHousingisanindustryresourcetodesign,build,andtestairtightbuildings.Italsoconsolidatesinformationonachievingairtightnessinbuildings,withafocusonlargerormorecomplexbuildingtypes,whileensuringbuildingenclosureperformance,includingmoisturemanagement,thermalperformanceanddurability.TheClimateAtlasofCanadahttp://www.climateatlas.caTheClimateAtlasisaninteractivetoolthathelpsdesignersunderstandtheimpactsclimatechangewillhaveacrossCanadausingmaps,graphs,andfutureclimatedataforprovinces,localregionals,andcitiesacrossthecountry.41CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021IMPACT&INNOVATIONREQUIREMENTSDesignstrategiesforachievingzero-carbonbuildingsareconstantlyevolvingandimproving.Newtechnologiesarecontinuallyintroducedtothemarketplace,andongoingscientificresearchinthisspaceinfluencesbuildingdesignstrategies.TheintentoftheImpactandInnovationrequirementsistoensurethatZCB-Designprojectteamsusetheopportunitythatnewconstructionandmajorretrofitsprovidetoincorporateimpactfulandinnovativetechnologiesanddesignapproaches.Incorporatingsuchstrategiesnotonlyimprovesthecarbonandenergyperformanceofprojects,butitalsohelpsbuildskillsanddevelopmarketsacrossCanadaforlow-carbonproductsandservices.ZCB-DesigncertificationrequiresprojectstodemonstrateatleasttwoImpactandInnovationstrategies.AcceptableImpactandInnovationstrategiesthatdonotrequirepre-approvalincludethefollowing:•Onsiterenewableenergysystemscapableofgenerating5%oftotalenergyneedsonsite,orsolarphotovoltaicsystemscovering75%oftheavailableroofareaafteraccountingforventsandmechanicalequipment.RefertotheOwnedRenewableEnergySystemssectionfordetailedofrequirementsforonsiterenewableenergysystems.•Electricheatpumpsystems,includingairsourceorgeo-exchange,designedtomeetatleast50%oftheannualheatingload.Combustionmaybeusedfortheremainderandteamsmustjustifyitsuse(costandtechnologylimitations).•Anysizeinstallationofbuildingintegratedphotovoltaics(BIPV).Systemsmustbeseamlesslyintegratedintobuildingcomponentssuchasthewindows,roofs,orbuildingfaçadestobeeligible.Applicantsmustprovideanarrativeexplaininganyregulatory,market,anddesignchallengesassociatedwithimplementingBIPV,aswellasanynotablesuccesses.•Anembodiedcarbonreductionofatleast20%comparedtoabaselinebuilding.RefertoAppendixII–EmbodiedCarbonRequirementsforBaselineBuildingsformoreinformationonhowtoproperlyestablishthebaselinebuilding.•Upfrontcarbonemissionsequaltoorlessthanzero,usingproductsthatareavailableonthemarket.Everyprojectisunique,andthelistabovemaynotmeettheneedsofeachproject.AlternateinnovationstrategiesmaythereforebeproposedtoCaGBCforapproval.ProjectteamsmustbepreparedtodemonstratetheenvironmentalbenefitsassociatedwiththeirstrategyusingthecarbonandenergymetricsoftheZCB-DesignStandard,aswellasprovideinformationtosupportwhyitisappropriatetotheproject.ProjectsareencouragedtocontactCaGBCearlyindesigntoreviewalternateinnovationstrategies.Someexamplesofstrategiesthatmaybeaccepteddependingonthescaleandbenefitsinclude:•Electricorthermalenergystorage;•Advancedstrategiesforheatrecoveryfrombuildingsystems,processes,orwastewater;or•Heatpumprefrigerantswithalowglobalwarmingpotential(GWP).42CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021RESOURCESBuilding-IntegratedPhotovoltaicshttps://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/pdf/solar-photovoltaic/NRCan_BIPV_Factsheet_EN.pdfThisfactsheetbyNaturalResourcesCanadaprovidesdetailsonBIPVinCanadaincludingdefinitions,examples,andresearchactivities.GroundSourceHeatPumpshttps://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/publications/efficiency/heating-heat-pump/6833ThispublicationbyNaturalResourcesCanadaprovidesanoverviewofgroundsourceheatpumpsincludinghowtheywork,systembenefits,designguidance,andmaintenanceinformation.AdvancedEnergyDesignGuide–AchievingZeroEnergyhttps://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/aedgs/zero-energy-aedg-free-downloadTheAdvancedEnergyDesignGuide–AchievingZeroEnergyseriesprovidesacost-effectiveapproachtoachieveadvancedlevelsofenergysavings.Theguidescontaininformationonhowtousesolarphotovoltaicsattheprojectsitetoreducecarbonemissionsandenergyuse.Research&DevelopmentRoadmap:Next-GenerationLowGlobalWarmingPotentialRefrigerantshttps://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/downloads/research-development-roadmap-next-generation-low-global-warming-potentialThisresearchanddevelopment(R&D)roadmapfornext-generationlow-GWPrefrigerantswaspreparedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyandprovidesrecommendationsthatwillhelpacceleratethetransitiontolow-GWPrefrigerantsacrosstheentireHVAC&Rindustry.43CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021CASESTUDY355WilkinsonAvenueWarehouseCertification:ZCB-Design(September2019)PrimeConsultantEngineer:RuitenbergIncLocation:Dartmouth,NovaScotiaSolarEnergyModelling:EastPortPropertiesProjectOwner:EastPortPropertiesSolarSystemDesign:SupernovaEnergySolutions&CuttingEdgeAppliedTechnologyTheWilkinsonprojectisamulti-tenantwarehousedevelopmentoffivebuildingstotallingapproximately27,870m2(300,000ft2),designedwiththevisionofcreatingthenextgenerationofzerocarbonwarehouses.Thefirstphaseoftheprojectwasthe355WilkinsonAvenueWarehouse,a6,038m2(65,000ft2)building.Theprojectteamsetagoalofprovidingtenantswitha$0heatingbill.Inamulti-tenantwarehousethetotalbuildingenergyusewillvarysignificantlybasedonthetenant,howevertheheatingenergywillvaryless.Earlyengagementwithanexperiencedteamofconsultants,buildersandoperatorswiththefreedomtoproposenewideaswascriticaltothesuccessoftheproject.Theyactivelytriedtoavoidthe“becauseit’salwaysbeendonethisway”modeofthinking.In-houseenergydesignaimedtogetrealisticexpectationsofperformancebyusingempiricaldatafrompreviousindustrialbuildingsownedandmanagedbyEastPortProperties.Itwasdeterminedthattheobjectivecouldbemetbyinstallingarobustbuildingenvelope,amoreefficientelectricheatpumpheatingsystemwithintegratedcontrols,andasolararraysizedtomeettheheatingneedsofthebuilding.Aninsulatedtilt-upsandwichpanelsystemwaschosenforthewalls,whichprovidesacontinuousinsulationvalueandhelpsminimizeopportunitiesforairinfiltration.Thebaydoorswereequippedwithverticalstoringdocklevelerstoreducethermalbridgingcomparedtoexposeddocklevelers.Theheatingisprovidedbyacentralairtowaterheatpumpsystemwithin-floorradiantheatdistribution,alongwithaback-upcondensingboilerforthecoldestdaysoftheyear.Anadvantageofconstructingwarehousesistheampleroofspaceavailabletointegrateonsitephotovoltaics(PV),whichmakesthemidealforthedeploymentofonsiterenewableenergy.The83.8kWDCPVsystemconsistsof330-wattpanelsthatareroofmountedandfacingsouthat35°tilt.Theyareconnectedtothree-phasemicroinvertersandcustomexportlimitingcontrols.Theobjectiveofahigh-performancebuildingwithazero-costheatingtargethadtobecontinuouslybroughttofocuswithallpartiestoavoiddecisionsbeingmadeinsilos.Meetingswithconsultants,tradesandoperatorswereheldthroughoutconstructiontoensureoperationmatchesdesign.44CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021GLOSSARYAdditionality:Thelikelihoodthataninvestmentincarbonoffsetsorgreenpowerproductswillresultinadditionalcarbonreductionsorrenewableenergydevelopmentthatwouldnothavehappenedanyway.Beyondthelife-cyclecarbon:Emissionsoremissionssavingsfromthereuseorrecyclingofbuildingmaterialsattheendoflife,oremissionsavoidedthroughenergycapturebyusingendoflifematerialsasfuel(life-cyclestageD).Beyondthelife-cyclecarbonmaybeevaluatedaspartofalife-cycleassessment,however,itisnotincludedinthedefinitionofembodiedcarbon.Buildingintegratedphotovoltaic(BIPV):Solarpowergeneratingbuildingproductsorsystemsthatareseamlesslyintegratedintothebuildingenvelope,replacingconventionalbuildingmaterial.Bundledgreenpowerproduct:Aproductthatincludesbothgreenpowerandtheassociatedenvironmentalattributes(RECs),suchaspowerpurchaseagreements(PPAs)orutilitygreenpower.Carbonoffset:Acreditforreductionsingreenhousegasemissionsthatoccursomewhereelseandthatcanbepurchasedtocompensatefortheemissionsofacompanyorproject.Highqualitycarbonoffsetsincludethirdpartyverificationofemissionsreductionsaswellasadditionality,longevity,andleakagecriteria.Directemissions:Emissionsfromthefuelthatisburnedatthebuildingsite,forexample,naturalgasthatmaybecombustedtoheatthebuilding.Embodiedcarbon:Carbonemissionsassociatedwithmaterialsandconstructionprocessesthroughoutthewholelife-cycleofabuilding.Emissionsfactor:Aconversionfactorthatisusedtoestimatetheemissionsassociatedwithameasurableactivity,suchasenergyuseforheatingorcoolingabuilding.Endoflifecarbon:Theembodiedcarbonemissionsassociatedwithdeconstructionordemolitionofabuilding,includingtransportfromsite,wasteprocessing,anddisposalstages(stagesC1-4)ofabuilding’slife-cycle.Energyuseintensity(EUI):Thesumofallsiteenergy(notsourceenergy)consumedonsite(e.g.,electricity,naturalgas,districtheat),includingallprocessloads,dividedbythebuildingmodelledfloorarea.Environmentalattributes:Therepresentationoftheenvironmentalcostsandbenefitsassociatedwithafixedamountofenergygeneration.Fugitiveemissions:Emissionsthatoccuraccidentallyasaresultofleakinggas.Naturalgasandrefrigerantsarecommonsourcesoffugitiveemissions.Generationfacility:Apowerstationdesignedandbuilttogenerateelectricity.Geo-exchange:Asystemthatexchangesheatwiththeearthorabodyofwater,usuallywiththegoalofprovidingefficientheatingandcoolingusingheatpumps.Globalwarmingpotential(GWP):Ameasureofhowmuchheatistrappedbyagreenhousegasoveraspecifiedtimeframe,relativetocarbondioxide.45CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021Greenpower:Electricitygeneratedfromrenewableresources,suchassolar,wind,geothermal,low-impactbiomass,andlow-impacthydroresources.Greenpowerisasubsetofrenewableenergythatdoesnotincluderenewableenergysystemsthatdonotproduceelectricity,suchassolarthermalsystems.Greenpowerproduct:Acontractualpurchaseofoffsitegreenpower.Greenpowermaybeintheformofbundledgreenpowerproductsorrenewableenergycertificates(RECs).Indirectemissions:Emissionsthatdonotoccurdirectlywithintheprojectsite,suchasemissionsassociatedwithpurchasedenergy,wateruse,waste,andtransportationfromcommuting.Islandedgrid:Asmallelectricitygridthatisnotconnectedtotheprovincialgrid.Life-cycleassessment(LCA):AsdefinedbyISO14040,LCAisasystematicsetofproceduresforcompilingandexaminingtheinputsandoutputsofmaterialsandenergy,andtheassociatedenvironmentalimpactsdirectlyattributabletoabuilding,infrastructure,product,ormaterialthroughoutitslife-cycle.Location-basedelectricitygridemissionsfactor:Anemissionsfactorforanelectricitygridthatisbasedontheaverageemissionsintensityofalltypesofgenerationwithinadefinedlocationalboundary.Marginalelectricitygridemissionsfactor:Anemissionsfactorforanelectricitygridthatisbasedontheemissionsintensityofthepeaking(non-baseload)generationwithinadefinedlocationalboundary.Modelledfloorarea(MFA):Thetotalenclosedfloorareaofthebuilding,asreportedbytheenergysimulationsoftware,excludingexteriorareasandindoor(includingunderground)parkingareas.Allotherspaces,includingpartially-conditionedandunconditionedspaces,areincludedintheMFA.Near-termclimateforcer:Agreenhousegasthathasashortatmosphericlifeandahighglobalwarmingpotential,whichresultsinanear-termwarmingeffect.Net-metering:Anarrangementwiththeelectricutilitythatallowstheexportofexcessgreenpowertothelocalgridinexchangeforacreditonthebuilding’selectricitybill.Onsiterenewableenergy:Renewableenergythatisgeneratedonsite.Whereasiteisnotconnectedtotheelectricitygrid,onlytheenergythatcanbeconsumed(orstoredandthenconsumed)onsiteisconsideredonsiterenewableenergy.Operationalcarbon:Theemissionsassociatedwiththeenergyusedtooperatethebuilding.Peakdemand:Thebuilding’shighestelectricalloadrequirementonthegrid,measuredandreportedinkW,reflectinganypeakshavingimpactsfromdemandmanagementstrategiesincludingonsiterenewableenergyandenergystorage.Powerpurchaseagreement(PPA):Apowerpurchaseagreementisacontractforgreenpowerandtheassociatedenvironmentalattributesthattypicallyincludesthepurchaseofasignificantvolumeofelectricityunderacontractthatlastsforatleastfifteenyears.Renewableenergy:Asourceofenergythatisreplenishedthroughnaturalprocessorusingsustainablemanagementpoliciessuchthatitisnotdepletedatcurrentlevelsofconsumption.Examplesincludesolarandwindenergyusedforpowergenerationandsolarenergyusedforheating.Air-sourceandground-source(geo-exchange)heatpumpsystemsdonotconstituterenewableenergysystems.Renewableenergycertificate(REC):Anauthorizedelectronicorpaperrepresentationoftheenvironmentalattributesassociatedwiththegenerationof1MWhofrenewableenergy.46CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021Residualmixemissionsfactor:Anemissionsfactorthathasbeenadjustedtoaccountfortheretiringofcontractualarrangements(suchasRECs)withinadefinedgeographicboundary.Siteenergy:Theamountofenergyusedonthebuildingsite.Sourceenergy:Theamountofrawfuelthatisrequiredtooperatethebuilding,incorporatingalltransmission,delivery,andproductionlosses(suchasinthegenerationandtransmissionofelectricity).Thermalenergydemandintensity(TEDI):Theannualheatlossfromabuilding’senvelopeandventilationafteraccountingforallpassiveheatgainsandlosses,perunitofmodelledfloorarea.Upfrontcarbon:Theembodiedcarbonemissionscausedinthematerialsproductionandconstructionstages(stagesA1-5)ofthelife-cyclebeforethebuildingisoperational.Usestageembodiedcarbon:Theembodiedcarbonemissionsassociatedwithmaterialsandprocessesneededtomaintainthebuildingduringusesuchasforrefurbishments(stagesB1-5).Theseareadditionaltooperationalcarbonemissions.Utilitygreenpower:UtilitygreenpowerisaproductofferedbysomeutilitiesinCanadawheretheelectricityandtheassociatedenvironmentalattributes(intheformofRECs)aresoldtogether.Virtualnet-metering:Anarrangementwiththeelectricutilitywherebygreenpowergenerationequipmentisinstalledoffsiteandtheelectricityproducediscredited(deductedfrom)thebuilding’selectricitybill.Wholelifecarbon:Emissionsfromalllife-cyclestages,encompassingbothembodiedcarbonandoperationalcarbontogether(stagesA1toC4).Zerocarbonbuilding(ZCB):Ahighlyenergy-efficientbuildingthatproducesonsite,orprocures,carbon-freerenewableenergyorhigh-qualitycarbonoffsetsinanamountsufficienttooffsettheannualcarbonemissionsassociatedwithbuildingmaterialsandoperations.Zeroemissionsbiofuel:Biogasorbiomassfuelsconsideredtobecarbonneutralastheamountofcarbonreleasedbycombustionapproximatelyequatestothecarbonthatwouldhavebeenreleasedbynaturaldecompositionprocesses.ACRONYMSBIPV:BuildingintegratedphotovoltaicCO2e:CarbondioxideequivalentsEUI:EnergyuseintensityGWP:GlobalwarmingpotentialHVAC:Heating,ventilation,andairconditioningKWh:KilowatthourLCA:LifecycleassessmentNECB:NationalEnergyCodeforBuildingsPPA:PowerpurchaseagreementREC:RenewableenergycertificateTEDI:ThermalenergydemandintensityVRF:VariablerefrigerantflowZCB:Zerocarbonbuilding47CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021APPENDIXIRequirementsforBundledGreenPowerProductsthatarenotECOLOGOorGreen-eCertifiedBundledgreenpowerproductsthatarenotECOLOGOorGreen-ecertifiedmaybeusediftheapplicantcandemonstratethatthegreenpowerfacilitymeetsthefollowingcriteria:•AllbundledelectricityisgeneratedwithinCanada;•Locallandusepolicesandbuildingcodesareconformedto.ThegreenpowerprojectmustachieveplanningpermissionandallapplicablelocalpermitsasdefinedbytheAuthorityHavingJurisdiction;•Therequirementsoftheacceptablesourcesofoffsitegreenpoweraremet(seeGreenPowerProductssection);•Forcombustion-basedsystems,therequirementsforbiogasandbiomassaremet(seeCombustionsection);•Forcombustion-basedsystems,alllocalandregionalairqualityby-lawsandrequirementsaremet,andallnecessaryairqualitypermitsarereceivedfromtheAuthorityHavingJurisdiction;•Forallwater-poweredsystems,thefacility’sinstallationandoperationsmustachieveallregulatorylicenses,requirements,andallotherauthorizationspertainingtofisheries,withoutregardtowaiversorvariancesauthorized.Theseincludeauthorizationsissuedbytherelevantprovincialauthorities,andunderSection35(2)oftheFisheriesAct,bytheMinisterofFisheriesandOceansorregulationsmadebytheGovernorinCouncilundertheFisheriesAct;•Forallwater-poweredsystems,thefacility’sinstallationandoperationsmaynotachieveauthorizationwithtermsthatallowfortheharmfuloperationandordisruptionordestructionoffishhabitat,asverifiedbyaregisteredprofessionalbiologist;and,•Forwind-poweredsystems,thefacilitymustnotbeinknownmigratoryroutesforavianorbatspecies,andtheimpactsonavianandbatspeciesmustbeminimizedasverifiedbyaregisteredprofessionalbiologist.Inaddition,applicantsmustprovidethefollowingdocumentation:•Areportfromthegenerationfacilitythatnotesthemethodologyandcalculationsthatwereusedtoensurethatthedesignandoperationofthefacilitywillbesufficienttomeetthecontractualcommitmentmadetotheapplicant.Itwillalsonoteanddetailtheresourcesusedtogeneratetheenergyandoutlineanylimitingfactorsthatmayimpacttheabilityofthefacilitytodeliverenergy.Insuchcaseswhereresourcesarepronetofluctuations,arangewillbeprovidedtorepresentthebestandworst-casescenarios,notingthemethodologyusedtodevelopthesescenarios(e.g.ifthewindblowsasanticipated;ifthewindblowsatthelowestannualrecordedlevels,etc.).•Proofofthegenerationfacility’scommitmenttoretiretheenvironmentalattributes(i.e.RECs)thathavebeenprocuredbytheapplicant(e.g.proofthatRECshavebeenregisteredwithathird-partytrackingsystem).48CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021APPENDIXIIEmbodiedCarbonRequirementsforBaselineBuildingsThefollowingcriteriamustbemetforbaselinebuildingsusedtodemonstrateareductioninembodiedcarbonintheImpactandInnovationrequirements.Servicelife:ConsistentwiththerequirementsfortheLCAoftheproposedbuilding,thebaselinebuildingmustalsouseaservicelifeof60years.Scope:TheLCAmustdemonstrateanembodiedcarbonreductionusingthelife-cyclestagesA,B,&C.TheanalysismustincludestructuralandenvelopematerialsasdetailedintheEmbodiedCarbonsection.Projectsthatwishtoexpandthescopeoftheanalysistolookforreductionselsewheremaydosoprovidedboththebaselineandtheproposedbuildingusethesamescope.Buildingequivalence:Thebaselinebuildingmustbeequivalenttotheproposedbuilding.Thefollowingmustbeconstantinboththebaselineandproposedbuilding:•Operationalenergyuse•Grossfloorarea•Functionaluseofspace•BuildingshapeandorientationRetrofitprojectsthatuseanexistingstructurefor50percentormoreofthefinalgrossfloorareaaredeemedcompliantandarenotrequiredtomodelabaselinebuilding.49CaGBCZeroCarbonBuilding–DesignStandardVersion2July2021APPENDIXIIISummaryofAddendaChangesThefollowingchangesweremadetoZCB-Designv2duringthecurrentaddendarelease:•Pg11,Additionsandattachedbuildings:Thestandardwasexpandedtoallownewlyconstructedadditionsandattachedbuildingsprovidedtheymeetcertaincriteria.•Pg19,Refrigerants:Claritywasprovidedthatrefrigerantswithoutglobalwarmingimpactsdonotneedtobereported.•Pg22,OnsiteRenewableEnergy:Acorrectionwasmadetoasentencethatstatedthatonsiterenewableenergyreducedbuildingenergyuseintensity(EUI),sincethatisnothowtheEUIcalculationworksinZCB-Design.•Pg24,Resources:Anewlypublishedandmorecomprehensiveresourceonrefrigerantbestpracticeswasaddedtoreplaceanolderresource.•Pg27,TransitionPlan:Acleardefinitionofatransitionplanwasaddedtothebeginningofthesection,andclaritywasprovidedonthenatureofthefinancialanalysisrequired.•Pg.30,TEDI:FlexibilitytotheTEDItargethasbeenaddedtoEnergyEfficiencyOption1forprojectsinclimatezone7or8,aswellasprojectswithuniqueheatingorventilationloads.CanadaGreenBuildingCouncil100MurrayStreet,Suite400Ottawa,ONK1N0A1Telephone:+1(613)241-1184Fax:+1(613)241-4782Toll-free:+1(866)941-1184zerocarbon@cagbc.orgcagbc.org/zerocarbon

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