AnnualReportHarnessingthepowerofforests,treesandagroforestry2021Severalturningpointsofferednewhopein2021:theslowingoftheCovid-19pandemicthroughwidespread(albeitunevenlydistributed)vaccination,thelaunchoftheUNDecadeonEcosystemRestoration,andthehistoricGlasgowLeaders’DeclarationonForestsandLandUse.CIFOR-ICRAFalsomarkedtwocriticalturningpoints:thesuccessfulcompletionofourthree-yearmergerprocessandofthe10-yearCGIARResearchProgramonForests,TreesandAgroforestry(FTA).LedbyCIFOR-ICRAFincollaborationwithpartners,FTA’scontributionshaveresultedinmillionsofhectaresofforestsunderrestorationandbetterprotection–andmillionsofpeoplewithimprovedfoodsecurityandnutritionandthemeanstoexitpoverty.Nowfullymerged,CIFOR-ICRAFisgeneratingmoreevidenceofthetransformativepotentialoftreesandforests,withourresearchconsolidatedintofiveintegratedthemes(trees,climate,soils,marketsandgovernance).Ourthreeholisticapproaches–TransformativePartnershipPlatforms,EngagementLandscapes,andFlagshipProducts–areleveragingresourcesandpartnershipsacrossAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.WefinishedtheyearwithaprojectpipelineofUSD430millionandharmonizedinternalmanagement.WearemakingstrongprogresstowardsourGender,DiversityandInclusiongoalsandwenowhaveadynamicnewwebsite(cifor-icraf.org).WehavealsolaunchedarecruitmentprocessforaChiefExecutiveOfficertotakeCIFOR-ICRAFtothenextlevel.Thisreportshinesalightonsomeofoursolutionstofiveglobalchallenges:deforestationandbiodiversityloss,climatechange,dysfunctionalfoodsystems,unsustainablesupplyandvaluechains,andinequality.AchievementsincludeinformingnationalpoliciesinPeruandVietNam,applyingnewtechnologiesintheCongoBasinandIndia,andco-creatingsolutionswithpartnersandcommunitiesinIndonesiaandCameroon,allwhileintegratingconsiderationsoftherightsofwomen,IndigenousPeoplesandvulnerableruralcommunities.Excitingnewprojectslaunchedin2021includeTreesOutsideForestsinIndia(TOFI)supportedbyUSAIDandtheAgroforestryandRestorationAcceleratorinBrazilinpartnershipwithTheNatureConservancyandAmazonInc.1.5billionpeoplehavebeenconnectedthroughtheGlobalLandscapesForum,whichcontinuedtobreaknewground–mostnotablyattheUNclimateconferenceinGlasgow,whichhadover1millionsessionviewsfrom140countries.AndResilientLandscapesisfastbecominganexusbetweenscienceandbusiness,finance,governmentandcivilsociety,withnewprojectsstartinginPapuaNewGuinea,SerbiaandBrazil.AsChairoftheBoardClaireOConnorpassesthebatontowelcomeProfessorGetachewEngida,CIFOR-ICRAFnowstandsasoneorganizationforgedthroughsharedvalues.Thankstothegeneroussupportofourfundingandstrategicpartnersandthetirelesseffortsofourover700staff,wearewellonourwaytoimplementingourtheoryofchangeandrealizingourvisionofamoreequitableworldwhereforestandagroforestrylandscapesenhancetheenvironmentandwell-beingforall.GetachewEngidaBoardChairRobertNasiEx‐officioTrusteeCIFOR,CIFORDirectorGeneralTonySimonsEx‐officioTrusteeICRAF,ICRAFDirectorGeneralAnnualReport20212Boardoftrustees»GetachewEngidaBoardChair»DorisCapistranoViceChair»AlexanderMüller»BushraNazMalik»KathleenMerrigan»Marja-LiisaTapio-Biström»KaoruKitajima»VijaiSharma»GovernmentofKenyaRepresentative»GovernmentofIndonesiaRepresentative»TonySimons»RobertNasiLetterfromtheboardandmanagement3Reachpublicationdownloadscitationspublicationsreachedonsocialmediawebsitepageviews2.5M50k927305M5.6Mmediaarticles3.7kWorldwidepresenceCIFOR-ICRAFoperatesacross64countries,withofficesin25countries.Wecurrentlyhave739staffand192activeprojects.Partnershipfundingpartnersstrategicpartners159281Wearedeeplygratefulforthefinancialsupportofourfundingpartnersandthecollaborationofourstrategicpartners.Formoreinformationseepage22.Ourdecades-longhostcountryagreementswithIndonesiaandKenyareflecttheirgloballeadershipanddeepcommitmenttoforests,treesandagroforestry.CIFOR-ICRAFexpenditures2021Formoreinformationseepage21.totalexpenditurein2021$85.7MResearchareasCIFOR-ICRAFheadquartersAnnualReport20214Globalchallenges–andhowtotacklethemOurplanetandthepeoplewholiveonitareinthemidstofaperfectstormoffiveinterconnectedglobalchallenges:deforestationandbiodiversityloss,climatechange,dysfunctionalfoodsystems,unsustainablesupplyandvaluechains,andinequality.Becauseeachcrisisaffectstheothers,solvingthemrequireswhole-systemresponsesthatconsiderhowallpeopleareaffectedandtheenvironmentisimpactedovertime.TransdisciplinaryscienceatCIFOR-ICRAFnotonlydeliversholisticsolutionsbutalsoensurestheirrelevancetonationalprogrammesandlocalcommunities,asshownthroughoutthisreport.Bysupportinglocalinnovationratherthanhelicopteringinsolutionsfromoutside,weembracecutting-edgesciencewhileworkinghandinhandwithglobal,nationalandlocalcommunitiestoco-createandscalesolutionsthatmeettheirneeds.Weoperatetransformativeresearch.Forexample,weseeknotonlytounderstandhowgenderinequitycompromisessustainabledevelopment,butalsotoshiftpowerasymmetriestocreateamoreequitablefutureforbothmenandwomen.–FergusSinclair,ChiefScientistCHANGINGWEATHERPATTERNS,HIGHERTEMPERATURESPOLLUTION,LANDANDWATERDEGRADATIONONE-THIRDOFGLOBALGHGEMISSIONSBIODIVERSITYLOSSANDDEFORESTATIONUNSUSTAINABLEVALUECHAINSBROKENFOODSYSTEMSCLIMATECHANGEHIGHERGHGEMISSIONSLESSPOLLINATIONMORESEVEREFLOODSANDDROUGHTSINEQUALITYAFFECTINGWOMEN,INDIGENOUSPEOPLESANDOTHERMARGINALIZEDGROUPSFivemajorglobalchallengesinteractwithandamplifyeachotherinmyriadways.51Thriving,diverseforestsandfarms2Climate-resilientecosystemsandcommunities3Sustainable,vibrantfoodsystems4Green,equitablesupplyandvaluechains5Inclusive,rights-basedparticipationOurwayofworkingOurinnovationsOurnetworkCIFOR-ICRAFisfocusedoncontributingtoadecisiveshiftinglobaltrajectories:fromafutureofenvironmentaldestructionandlivelihoodcrisestooneofprosperityandplanetaryhealth.Uniquelyequippedtodelivertransformativeresearch,weharnessthepowerofscienceandinnovationtoimprovethebenefitsthatforests,trees,soilsandtheirsustainablemanagementcanprovidetoallhumankind,foramoreresilient,equitableandprosperousfuture.OurworkisalignedwiththeSustainableDevelopmentGoalsandtheParisAgreement,aswellasthethreeRioConventions.Wecontinuetoimplementour10-yearstrategy(2020-2030),workingacrossfivebroadthemes:Treesandforestgeneticresourcesandbiodiversity;Climatechange,energyandlow-carbondevelopment;Soilandlandhealth;Sustainablevaluechainsandinvestments;andGovernance,equityandwell-being.CIFORandICRAFaremembersofCGIAR,aglobalresearchpartnershipforafood-securefuture(seep.16).Inthisreport,findoutwhatCIFOR-ICRAFisdoingtocreate:CIFOR-ICRAFdeliversgame-changingsolutionstoglobalandnationalchallengesthroughthreeinnovativeapproachesthatarecatalysingapositiveshiftinresearchfordevelopmentacrossAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica:•TransformativePartnershipPlatforms–alliancesfocusedoncriticallyimportantchallenges•EngagementLandscapes–geographiclocationswherewecarryoutconcentrated,long-termtransformativeworkwithdiverseandcommittedpartners•FlagshipProducts–initiativesthatprovideaction-orientedinsightsintokeyglobalissuesFindspecificexamplesoftheseinnovationsthroughoutthisreport.TheentitiesoftheCIFOR-ICRAFnetworkreinforceandadvanceoursharedaimtounlockthepotentialoftreesandforeststocombatclimatechange,biodiversitylossandlanddegradation.Seepages16-19fordetails.globallandscapesforum.orgresilient-landscapes.orgforeststreesagroforestry.orgTherighttreeintherightplacefortherightpurpose.Yangambi,DRC.©AxelFassio/CIFOR-ICRAF1Thriving,diverseforestsandfarmsOurworkontreegeneticresources,sustainableforestmanagement,andsoilandlandhealthissupportingeffortstohaltdeforestationandrevivedegradedlandsandhabitats.0505AnnualReport20216Amidtheonslaughtofbadnewsaboutacceleratingclimatechangeandcollapsingecosystems,landscaperestorationoffershopeandapathforward.Buthowtoensurethatrestoredareasstayrestored?Whatdrives‘permanence’isacriticalresearchtopicfortheglobalrestorationagenda,especiallyaseffortsarebolsteredbytheUNDecadeonEcosystemRestoration(2021–2030)andtheGlasgowLeaders’Declarationtohaltandreverseforestdegradationby2030.CIFOR-ICRAFhasdeeprootsofengagementinEthiopia,whichisknownforitscommitmenttorestoration.InpartnershipwiththeUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID),researchersappliedtheStakeholderApproachtoRiskInformedandEvidence-basedDecision-making(SHARED)intheOromiaEngagementLandscapetoidentifyfactorsthatdeterminethepermanenceofarestoredforestoragriculturalecosystemandwhetherthistriggershabitatdegradationelsewhere–i.e.,‘leakage’.ResearchersusedcrowdsourceddatafromtheRegreeningAfricaApp,conductedhouseholdsurveysandheldstakeholderworkshops.Findingsshowedthathouseholdspractisingpermanentlandrestorationhadatleastone‘most-demanded’treespeciesneartheirfarmsorhomesteadsalongwithotherdiversetreespecies.Theytendedtobewealthier,havelargerlandplotswithlivestockandweremoreawareofnaturalresourceusebylawsandregulations.Householdslivingfurtherawayfromurbancentresweremorelikelytocontributetoleakagecomparedtothosenearcities.Themainconclusion?Assessingpermanenceshouldbeincorporatedintorestorationplanningearlyon.TheEthiopiaworkisacomponentofCIFOR-ICRAF’sLandscapeRestorationTransformativePartnershipPlatform(TPP),whichaimstoenhancetheunderstandingofwhatworksandwhatdoesnotinparticularsocioecologicallandscapes.TheTPPisco-generatingandsharinglocallyrelevantlessonsthroughglobalcomparativeresearchonthevariousdimensionsoflandrestoration.SupportedbyUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)“Thisprojectdemonstratedtheimportanceoflinkingsocioeconomicandbiophysicaldriversofdegradationinordertodesignlong-termlandrestorationoptionsthatreduceleakageandincreasepermanence.”LeighAnnWinowieckiTeamLeader,SoilandlandhealthBeyondtreeplanting:LandscaperestorationthatsticksLearnmorewww.cifor-icraf.org/landscape-restorationReadBuildingevidenceonpermanenceandleakageforsustainablerestorationoutcomesClosingPeru’snationalrestorationgapPeru’snewnationalrestorationstrategy(ProREST)hasatitsheartacommitmenttothelandscapeapproach.Thisisthanksinparttolong-termresearchandengagementbyCIFOR-ICRAF,whichPeru’sNationalForestandWildFaunaService(SERFOR)recognizedasakeyproviderofevidence-basedrecommendationstoguidethestrategy.SERFORforeseesongoingcollaborationwithCIFOR-ICRAFonresearchandrestorationtechnologies,technicalsupportanddocumentation.SupportedbySERFORTheYangambiEngagementLandscapeintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongoisanexampleofwhatyoucanachievewhenyouspendenoughtimeinoneplace,gettingtothecruxoftheissuesaffectingpeopleandtheirenvironment.Infact,CIFOR-ICRAF’s‘engagementlandscapes’conceptwassparkedbytheimpactsachievedthroughnearly15yearsofworkwithinstitutionsandcommunitiesneartheKisangani–Yangambiurban–ruralcomplex,co-creatingsolutionstoforestdegradationandpoverty.Over2milliontreeshavebeenplantedsince2019,restoringover2,300hectaresoflandandcreatingover3,400seasonalanddirectjobs.Inafewyears,thetreeswillbereadyforuseasbiomassinacombinedheatandpowerplant,nowunderconstruction.Morethan220mastersanddoctoralresearchershavebeentrainedthrougha15-yearcollaborationwiththeUniversityofKisangani(UNIKIS)and11%ofthesearewomen.InfrastructureupgradestoUNIKISincludeabout5,500squaremetresofstate-of-the-artlow-carbonbuildings.Sustainablelivelihoodeffortsarefocusingondevelopmentofsmall-to-mediumenterprises(supporting1,017people,ofwhom706arewomen),sustainablecharcoal(with106charcoalmakerstrainedand19communitynurseriesestablished),fishfarming(withover5tonsalreadyproducedincooperativefishfarms),andagroforestryusingfruittreesmixedwithimprovedcassava,cornandpeanutcrops.Performance-basedschemesareboostingentrepreneurshipforwomenandmen.TheCongoBasin’sfirsteddycovariance-fluxtowernowrises55mabovetheBiosphereReserve,assessingtheforest’spotentialtomitigateclimatechangethroughcarboncapture.Tocurbthedevastatingimpactofurbanwildmeatconsumptiononforestbiodiversity,aninnovativecampaignusescomic-strip-stylepostersandcommunitytheatretochangepeople’sperceptionaroundsellingandconsumingwildmeat.Finally,environmentaleducationandoutreachactivitiesincludeaphotoexhibitdepictingtheregion’shistory,musicvideos,over3,250primary-andsecondary-schoolstudentsparticipatinginperiodicworkshops,andananimatedfilm.SupportedbyEuropeanUnion,Belgium,USAIDYangambi:AprovenmodelofengagementLearnmorecifor-icraf.org/yangambi-engagement-landscapeReadWhentakingmeatoffthemenuisnotanoption:FightingmalnutritioninCongoBasinforestsWatchLandscaperestorationcreatesgreenjobs(French)7ConstructionoftheCongofluxtower.Tshopo,DRC©FistonWasanga/CIFOR-ICRAFTheGlobalComparativeStudyonREDD+(GCSREDD+)launcheditsfourthphasein2021,buildingonoveradecadeofresearchonactionstoreduceemissionsfromdeforestationandforestdegradation,andenhanceforestcarbonstocks.InVietNam,theMinistryofAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(MARD)referencedGCSREDD+globalresearchfindingsoncarbonrightsandREDD+benefit-sharinginadraftdecreethat,onceapproved,willbeacriterionforreceiptofresults-basedpayments.InPeru,theMinistryofEnvironmentsubmitteditsupdatednationalForestReferenceEmissionsLevel(FREL)totheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange.InformedbyGCSREDD+researchonsoilcarbonemissionsfromdeforestationandforestdegradation,theFREListhefirstofficialnationaldocumenttorecognizetheimportanceofAmazonianpeatlands.AndtheNationalServiceofProtectedAreas(SERNANP)officiallyadoptedthecustomizedadaptivelearningtool¿Cómovamos?onmultistakeholdermanagementcommittees.InIndonesia,severalGCSREDD+contributionswereadoptedinthecountry’ssecondFREL,includingtheadditionofmethaneandnitrousoxideemissionsfrompeatlanddegradation,anewapproachforcalculatingemissionsfrommangroveconversionapartfromotherlanduses,andtheinclusionofemissionsfrompeatfires.Finally,CIFOR-ICRAFwasinvitedtocontributetoglobalinitiativessuchastheWorldBank’smulti-donortrustfundEnhancingAccesstoBenefitswhileLoweringEmissions(EnABLE),theLEAFCoalition’sEmergentWorkingGroup,andtheInternationalLandCoalition(ILC).Requestsalsocamefromtheprivatesectorforscientificinput,aswellasfromcountriessuchasGuatemalaandVietNamtosupportthedevelopmentofnationalREDD+benefit-sharingplans.Supportedbycifor.org/gcs/partners2Climate-resilientecosystemsandcommunitiesWeprovidecriticalevidenceonnature-basedsolutionstotheclimatecrisis,suchassustainableforestandwetlandmanagement,agroforestryandlandscaperestoration.05058“Ourscience-policydialoguesinIndonesia,PeruandDRCarebringingnewinsightsintowhatisneededforcountriestomeettheirpost-CoP26climatecommitments.”PhamThuThuyTeamLeaderClimatechange,energy&low-carbondevelopmentKnowledgeforactionontropicalforestsandrightsReadSpecialcollection:GCSREDD+StoriesofchangeWatchFairandequitableREDD+financeandbenefit-sharingmechanismsforclimategoalsandjusticeAnnualReport2021Successfulrestorationconsidersgenderandsocialinclusion.Yanonge,DRC©AxelFassio/CIFOR-ICRAF059ToolsforbettertreesCIFOR-ICRAFhasmadeavastarrayofresourcesfreelyavailablethroughtheGlobalTreeKnowledgePlatform.Theseincludethevegetationmap4Africa,theUsefulTreeSpeciesforEasternAfricaselectiontool,aclimatechangeatlasforCentralAmericaandotherdatabases,mapsandapps,guidelinesandanalyses.GLFClimate2021:Forests,Food,Finance–FrontiersofChangeFeaturing400leadingscientists,activists,Indigenousleaders,financiers,youthandpolicymakers,theGLFClimatehybridconferenceprovidedacriticalopportunityforthinkersandactorstoconnectbothvirtuallyandin-person,alongsidetheUNclimateconferenceinGlasgow.Thegoal?Tolaydownlandscape-basedpathwaysformeetingclimatecommitmentsthatfocusoncreatingpositivetippingpointsforforests,foodandclimate.42millionreachedonsocialmedia1millionsessionviewsfrom140countries4,500digitalparticipantsfrom145countries481in-personparticipantsAmongnature-basedsolutionstotheclimatecrisis,treeplantingishailedasking.Doneright,itcanbothmitigateclimatechangeandboostresiliencetoitseffects,whilealsoaddressingtheotherglobalchallenges.Donewrong,itcanharmecosystemsorsimplyfail,discouragingfurtherinvestments.Thetree-plantingvaluechainisbroken.Intherushtoputseedlingsintheground,treeseedisoftenboughtfromundocumentedsourcestosupplyproject-fundednurseries,whichthendistributetreeseedlingstogrowersatnocharge.“Thisunderminesexistingnetworksofsmall-scalecommercialseeddealersandprivatetreenurseriesthatcouldguaranteeamoresustainablesupplyofbetterqualitygermplasm,”saysRamniJamnadass,whoco-leadstheTransformativePartnershipPlatform(TPP)ontheQualityofTreePlantingwithLarsGraudal.Buildingonover30yearsofexperienceinthescienceandpracticeoftreeplanting,theTPPrespondstotheneedtosupportquality-focusedengagementbetweentreeplantersandinvestors.A2021policyanalysisputthevalueoffixingthisvaluechaininsharpfocus,usingtheexampleoftheAfricanForestLandscapeRestorationinitiative(AFR100),whichaimstorestore100millionhaofdegradedlandby2030.“Weestimatethatinvestingamere5%moreintreeseedsupply…wouldsequesterafurther19milliontonnesofcarbon,reduceannualsoilerosionbyafurther4milliontonnes,andgenerateatleast80,000morejobsintheharvesting,processingandmarketingofnewtreeproducts,”saysLarsGraudal.Aworthyinvestmentindeed.SupportedbyFTA,NorwegianInternationalClimateandForestInitiative(NICFI)Howtofixthetree-plantingvaluechainLearnmoreGlobalTreeKnowledgePlatformReadQualityseedfortreeplanting:SupportingmoreeffectiveagroforestryandforestlandscaperestorationbylearningfromcropIntegratedSeedSystemDevelopment3Sustainable,vibrantfoodsystemsWeareshowinghowtreesandforestscantransformthewayweproduceandconsumenutritiousfoods,whethercultivatedorwild.050510Onafarm,asinaforest,biodiversitymeansresilience.Thisisparticularlytrueforfarmersacrossthetropicswhoareonthefrontlineoftheinterconnectedclimate,foodandlanddegradationcrises.Andwhileagroecologicalapproachessuchasintercropping,mulching,agroforestryandintegratedcrop–livestocksystemscanboostbothproductivityandresilience,scepticschallengewhetheritcanbetakentoscale.TheTransformativePartnershipPlatform(TPP)onAgroecologyisrespondingtoacleardemandforevidenceonhowwellagroecologicalapproachesperformintermsoffoodsecurity,incomeandreturnonlabour.Formedin2020inresponsetothe2019CommitteeonWorldFoodSecurityHighLevelPanelofExpertsreport,andlaunchedin2021,theTPPaddressesknowledgeandimplementationgapsconstrainingagroecologicaltransitions.Transitionsvaryaccordingtocontext.InIndia,thefocusisonreducingdependenceonenvironmentallydisruptiveandoftentoxicagrochemicalsthathavedrivenmanyfarmersintodebt.TheTPPhascontributedtoresearchthathasshownhowagroecologicaltransitionscanbemadeinAndhraPradeshwithoutreducingcropyield.InSub-SaharanAfrica,wheremanyfarmersusefewinputs,thefocusisonagroecologicalintensification–howtoincreaseproductivityequitably,withoutdamagingtheenvironment,includingthesoilandpollinatorsonwhichagriculturalproductiondepends.HostedonGLFx,theTPP’sthriving,inclusiveanddiversecommunityofpracticecontinuestogrowandevolve.CIFOR-ICRAFChiefScientistFergusSinclaircreditstheriseofagroecologyontheglobalagendainparttotheTPP.“GoingintotheUNFoodSystemsSummit,agroecologywasnotevenontheagenda.Yetoneofthesummit’smostsignificantoutcomeswastheemergenceofacoalitiontotransformfoodsystemsthroughagroecology,”hesaid.SupportedbyFrance,SDC(Switzerland),EU-INTPA(EuropeanUnion),BMZ(Germany),OneCGIARHowagroecologyistransformingfoodsystemsgloballyLearnmoreAgroecologyTransformativePartnershipPlatformonGLFxWatchBuildingbackbetterandgreenerwithAgroecologyReadWindofchange–thegrowingmomentumforagroecologicaltransitionsAnnualReport2021“ThisTPPwasattheforefrontofphenomenalprogressingettingagroecologicalapproachesmainstreamedduring2021.”FergusSinclairChiefScientist,CIFOR-ICRAF0511AnagroforestryappforOdishaFarmers,extensionistsanddecisionmakersinOdisha,Indiacannowusetheirsmartphonetoaccessbestpracticesforagroforestrysystems(bothtreesandcrops),includingwheretofindqualityplantingmaterial.Co-developedbyCIFOR-ICRAF’sIndiacountryteam,itsSpatialDataScienceandAppliedLearningLab(SPACIAL),theCentralAgroforestryResearchInstituteofICAR,andtheAgricultureDepartmentoftheStateGovernmentofOdisha,theappistheproductofanagroforestryprojectdesignedtoboosttheproductionandconsumptionofnutritiousfoodsinthestate.SupportedbyGovernmentofOdisha,Statedepartmentsforagriculture,horticulture,livelihoodsandbamboo,ICAR-CentralAgroforestryResearchInstitute,andICAR-NationalRiceResearchInstituteTreesplayanimportantroleinthenutritionandfoodsecurityofpeopleworldwide.Whetherinforestsoronfarms,treesbenefitcommunitiesbothdirectlythroughthefoodstheygrow,andindirectlythroughtheecosystemservicestheyprovideforfarming,andtheincomestheygeneratethroughthesaleofwoodandnon-timberforestproducts.TheNutri-scapesTransformativePartnershipPlatform(TPP)exploreshowtobetterintegratewildandcultivatedtreefoodsintofoodsystemsforhealthierdietsandmoresustainablelivelihoods.Theplatformappliesalandscapelenstotheurgentchallengesoffoodandnutritioninsecuritybyrecognizingthedifferentrolestreesandtree-foodsplayacrossspacesfromforeststhroughfarmstourbanconsumers–andbyfocusingonhowtoleveragethesetodeveloptransformativesolutions.TheTPPworksacrossgeographiesandprojectstohighlighttrade-offsandsynergieswithinthefoodsystem.Forexample,inIndonesia,theTPPisworkingtounderstandhowconversiontooilpalminsmallholderlandscapesandconversionofmangrovesincoastallandscapesaffectsdietsandincomes.WithitsZambianpartners,theTPPcarriedoutthefirstnationallyrepresentativeestimateofwildfoodcontributionstodietsintheworld.TogetherwithlocalcommunitiesacrossAfrica,Nutri-scapesresearchersareco-developingcontext-specific‘nutritiousfoodportfolios’.Thesearedesignedtofillseasonalmicronutrientgapsinlocaldietsthroughacombinationofindigenousandexotictreefoods,alongsideothervegetable,legumeandstaplecrops.SupportedbyGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ)AlandscapeperspectiveonnutritionandlivelihoodsLearnmorecifor-icraf.org/nutri-scapesListenEnsuringanutritiousdietforall.Together.Agroecologycantransformlandscapes,livelihoodsanddiets.HimachalPradesh,India©NeilPalmer/CIAT4Green,equitablesupplyandvaluechainsByshowinghowtradeandinvestmentinforestandtreeproductscanbenefitrurallivelihoods,wehelptranslatesustainableproductionintoincome.050512Gatheragroupofstrangersaroundatableforaboardgame,andyouhaveagreatice-breaker.Butwhenthatgameisbasedonscienceandtheplayersincludesmallholders,villagers,localgovernmentandprivatecompanies,itcanbeatoolfortransformation.Thesix-yearOilPalmAdaptiveLandscape(OPAL)projectaimedtoimprovethemanagementofoilpalmlandscapesinCameroon,ColombiaandIndonesia–whichtogetheraccountfor59.4%ofglobalpalmoilproduction–byopeninguplinesofcommunicationbetweenindustrystakeholders.Ineachcountry,researchersandstakeholdersdevelopedaboardgametailoredtoaddresscontext-specificissuessuchassupplychainproblems.Roleplayingdrewnotonlylaughsbutalsoinsights,aseachplayertookonarolethatwaspolaroppositetoreallife.“Theheadofaplantationoralocalgovernmentofficialtypicallyplaysasmallholderfarmerstrugglingtogetalegalpermitorafairpriceforfreshfruitbunches,”saidHeruKomarudin,aCIFOR-ICRAFresearcherandpolicyanalystwhoseportfolioincludesOPAL.“Thisshiftinperspectiveandthefriendlyatmosphereallowedpeopletospeakfreelyevenwhendiscussingsensitiveissues.”Asaresult,small-scaleproducersandagro-businessesbecamemoreawareofeachother’sneeds,andgovernmentofficialsgainedabettersenseofthenuancesontheground.Whiletheimpactsofsuchexercisesaredifficulttoquantify,therearesignsofprogress.InCameroon,discussionsaroundanationalstrategyforsustainablepalmoilresumedafterseveralyearsonhold.InIndonesia,CIFOR-ICRAFcollaboratorAryaHadiDharmawancoordinatedagroupofIPBUniversityscholarswhobecameinvolvedinkeynationalprocessestocontributetothedevelopmentofpoliciesonsmallholder–privatesectorpartnershipsandtheIndonesianSustainabilityPalmOilcertificationsystem.AndinColombia,JohnGarciaofETHZurichsaid,“multiplestakeholdersbecameawareoftheconsiderablescopeforexpandingoilpalminasustainableway,minimizingadverseimpactsoncarbon,waterconsumption,localclimateandbiodiversity.”SupportedbySwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation(SDC),SwissNationalScienceFoundation(SNSF),SwissProgrammeforResearchonGlobalIssuesforDevelopmentandtheLucHoffmanInstitute“Thisshiftinperspectiveandthefriendlyatmosphereallowedpeopletospeakfreelyevenwhendiscussingsensitiveissues.”HeruKomarudinCIFOR-ICRAFResearcherandPolicyAnalystApowerfultoolforsustainableoilpalmReadOntheroadtosustainablepalmoilproductioninCameroonGamingIndonesia’snextmoveNavigatingconflictsinLaCuencaAnnualReport20210513TreesforFoodSecurityIIinEasternAfricaInEthiopia,RwandaandUganda,over145,000smallholdersweredirectlyimpactedbytheTreesforFoodSecurityIIproject.Bytakinguplocallyadaptedagroforestryoptions,48,000householdsboostedtheirproductivityandhouseholdincome.Around10,000beneficiariesreceivedtraininginmodernagroforestry,includingtheestablishmentof5ruralresourcecentres,andcapacity-strengtheningeffortsdirectlyimprovedbusinessskillsamong200tradersandbusinesses–ofwhom30%werewomen.Theprojectalsostrengthenedsmallholders’abilitytoparticipateeffectivelyintimber,fruitandfoddervaluechains.SupportedbyAustralianCentreforInternationalAgriculturalResearch(ACIAR)Coffeenursery.Sokoruvillage,Ethiopia.©OllivierGirard/CIFORTenyearsago,farmersinnorthwestVietNambeganplantingtrees–mango,longan,plum,lemonandmacadamianut–amongcropsofmaizeandfoddergrassontheircrumblingmountainslopes.Theresult?Visiblyricher,morestablesoilandalotmoreproductstosellatmarket.Achievingthistookextensivecollaborationamongfarmers,researchersandlocalauthoritiesduringtwoconsecutiveACIAR-fundedprojectsintheregion,whereunsustainablefarmingpracticeslikemaizemonocroppinghadkeptgenerationsofpeopleinacycleoflanddegradationandpoverty.“Hundredsofindividualscontributedtothesuccessoftheproject,andthiscooperationwasrecognizedinanindependentassessment,”saidCIFOR-ICRAFscientistNguyenQuangTan.Thefirstprojectexploredagroforestryoptionsforsmallholderfarmersfrom2011to2016,followedbyresearchondevelopingandpromotingmarket-basedagroforestryandforestrehabilitation,inpartnershipwithSouthernCrossUniversityandtheVietnameseAcademyofForestSciences.Withaviewtolong-termrestorationsuccess,theprojectworkedwithfarmerstoestablishlocaltreenurseries,therebyensuringasustainablesupplyofseedlings.Overthecourseofthedecade,CIFOR-ICRAFdevelopedsevenmarket-orientedagroforestrysystemsthatenabledfarmerstodiversifytheirproducts,boostincomeandslowerosion.Participatinghouseholds,manyofwhichwerefromethnicminorities,notedthattheagroforestrysystemwaslesslabour-intensive,leavingthemmoretimeforfamilyandotheractivities.EstablishedbyCIFOR-ICRAF,theAgroforestryNetworkfortheNorthwestwillpickupwheretheprojectleftoff.Itaimstopromoteandexpandtheuseofagroforestryasameanstorestoredegradedlandscapes,mitigateandadapttoclimatechange,andenhancelivelihoodsandmarketaccessforlocalpeople–especiallyethnicminoritywomen.SupportedbyAustralianCentreforInternationalAgriculturalResearch(ACIAR),FTAAgroforestrytakesrootinVietNamLearnmoreDevelopingandPromotingMarket-basedAgroforestryandForestRehabilitationOptionsforNorthwestVietnam–AFLI-IIReadGenderandethnicityinVietnamagroforestrylandscapes:LessonsforProjectImplementationAdoptionofagroforestryinNorthwestVietNam:Whatrolesdosocialandculturalnormsplay?In2021,CIFOR-ICRAFgenderspecialistssynthesizedyearsofresearchfindingsintoanarrayofknowledgeproductsandsharedtheirinsightswithbothlocalandglobalcommunities.RoadmapstogenderandsocialinclusionisadigitaltoolboxdevelopedinpartnershipwithCGIARResearchProgramsonForests,TreesandAgroforestry(FTA)andonPolicies,InstitutionsandMarkets(PIM).Thisrichonlineportallinkstovariousresourcesdesignedtosupportgender-responsiveandgender-transformativeactivities,includingacoursetobuildacoregroupofwomenandmentenurechampions,abookonadaptivecollaborativemanagementinforestlandscapes,reportonmasculinitiesinforests,abriefsummarizingFTA’sdecade-longjourneytoadvancegenderequalityinforestandtreelandscapes,andlinkstostrategydocumentsandkeyknowledgehubs.OurworkwithFTAledtotheonlinecourseGenderandinclusioninForestLandscapeRestorationaswellasaninfographicandbrieftosupportthefinalizationoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity’sGenderPlanofActionintheleaduptoCOP15.Gettingitrightisahow-toguideformultistakeholderforumorganizerstofacilitateinclusionofwomenandIndigenousPeoples,developedinpartnershipwithPIM.OurworkinthisarealedtoanewcollaborationwiththeWorldBanktodesignastrategyforgenderandsocialinclusioninresults-basedcarbonfinance.Ouronlinepresencewasasrobustasever,withlivelypodcastsandonlineevents.Over400peoplejoinedasessionatGLFAmazoniafeaturingresearchongender-inclusiveinitiativessupportedbytheWorldBank-ledAmazonSustainableLandscapesPrograminBrazil,ColombiaandPeru.Finally,theGlobalInitiativeforGenderTransformativeApproachesisanewthree-yearprojectthataimstopromoteandstrengthenswomen’slandrightsintheInternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopment’sruraldevelopmentinterventions.5Inclusive,rights-basedcollaborationandgovernanceThroughoutourwork,weaddressinequalitiesandsupportpracticesofgovernancethatleadtopositivechangeforwomen,IndigenousPeoplesandruralcommunities.050514“Theyear2021providedanopportunitytoconsolidateandreflectonmanyyearsofworkongender,anddemonstratesourteam’senormousgrowthfromstudyinggendertosupportingtransformation.”AnneLarsonTeamLeader,Governance,equityandwell-beingToolsforgenderequityandsocialinclusionListenPIMvirtuallaunchofForesttenurepathwaystogenderequality:Apractitioner’sguideAnnualReport2021E-learningcourseGenderandinclusioninforestlandscaperestorationReadAdaptivecollaborativemanagementinforestlandscapes:Villagers,bureaucratsandcivilsociety.0515FosteringjointforestandwatergovernanceTheMauForestComplexisEastAfrica’slargest‘watertower’,supplyingcriticalfreshwaterandotherresourcestosixmillionpeopledownstream.From2012to2021,theBMZ-fundedWaterTowersofEastAfricaprojectengagedwithcommunitiesthroughactionresearchandbroughttogethercommunityforestassociationsandwaterresourceuserassociationsthroughresearchandcapacitydevelopmentactivitiestoidentifyequitableandcollaborativejointgovernancearrangements.cifor.org/water-towersForover200years,womenhavemanagedthesheavaluechain,producingcookingoilandskincareproductsfromthekernelsofthesheatree(Vitellariaparadoxa)forbothhomeuseandlocalandregionaltrade.ItisthemostwidelyoccurringtreespeciesinWestAfrica’sparklands,andBurkinaFasoisamajorexporterofsheakernelsandsheabutter.Butoverthepast20yearsthemarkethasshiftedtomeetgrowingdemandfromBRICScountries(Brazil,Russia,India,China,andSouthAfrica)forCocoaButterEquivalents(CBEs)usedprimarilyinthechocolateandconfectionaryindustries.Thistrend,alongwithclimatechangeandagriculturalencroachment,isthreateningthesheaparklandsandtheecosystemservicestheyprovide.Yetonly2percentofthenationaltargettorestore5millionhectaresoflandby2030hasbeenreached.TheIDRC-FTA-financed‘Globalizationsinanutshell’projectsoughttountanglethecomplexdynamicsandgenderednatureofthesheavaluechain,withtheaimofimprovingthegovernanceofsheaparklandstolessentheimpactsofeconomicandclimateshocksonwomenproducers.Ahistoricalanalysisofthesheatradesincethelate19thcenturyhighlightedhowvariouspolicies,theriseoflocalproducergroupsandaccesstonewmarketspromotedsheaprocessingandmarketingwhilethedegradationofparklandscontinued.CIFOR-ICRAFco-hostedaNationalSheaForumwiththegovernmentofBurkinaFasoinOuagadougouinJune2021.Theeventdrewmorethan175participantsandculminatedina10-pointcalltoactionthatincludessupportforthedevelopmentofanationalparklandrestorationprogram,sheatreedomesticationandgeneticdevelopment,andtheintroductionofcertificationschemes.ThisoutcomesupportsthedevelopmentofasustainableandequitablesheavaluechaininaccordancewithBurkinaFaso’sNationalClimateChangeAdaptationPlan.SupportedbyInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC),FTA.ThestruggleoversheaReadWomenproducersinBurkinaFasofacehardshipifsheaindustrydwindlesInsécuritéetCOVID-19auBurkinaFaso:OpportunitésetvulnérabilitésdesfemmesdelachaînedevaleursdukaritéShoringupBurkinaFaso’ssheatraderequiresintensivelandscaperestorationeffortsInclusivityinmultistakeholderforumsiskeytosuccess.SanMartín,Peru©MarlondelAguila/CIFOR-ICRAFTheCGIARResearchProgram(CRP)onForestsTreesandAgroforestry(FTA)iscelebrating10yearsofimpactfulresearchfordevelopment.Between2011and2021,ledbyCIFOR-ICRAFanditsstrategicpartners–theAllianceofBioversityInternationalandCIAT,CATIE,CIRAD,INBARandTropenbosInternational–FTAupheldtreesandforestsasdriversoftransformationalchange.LastDecember,FTAhelda‘final’eventtowrap-uptheCRP,bringingtogetherscientistsandpolicymakers.ThiswasanoccasiontopresenttheFTAHighlightsofaDecadeseries,an18-volumecollectionthatshowcasesthepartnership’smostpowerfulcontributionstokeydevelopmenttargets.FTAalsopublishedtheIntegrativeImpactStudies,asetofprogramme-wideimpactassessmentstudiesthatdocumentthewaysFTAhascontributedtoprotectingforests,restoringdegradedlands,reducingunsustainableland-usepractices,eliminatingruralpovertyandsupportingnutritiousdiets.ThesestudiesdemonstratethatFTA’scontributionshaveresultedin:enhancedprotectionfor26–133millionhaofforests,representing24–125GtofavoidedCO2emissions;between2–35millionhaoflandbroughtunderrestoration;bettermanagementfor60–204millionhaofland;additionalmeanstoexitpovertyandreducevulnerabilityfor5.1–19.0millionpeople;andadditionalmeanstoimprovefoodsecurityandnutritionfor1.1–3.5millionpeople.Itwasayearorientedtowardsinfluencingthemajorglobalconferencesonbiodiversity(CBDKunming2022,UNFCCCGlasgowandUNFoodSystemsSummit-UNFSS).TowardsUNFSS,FTAcontributedtothepublicconsultationsforthefiveUNActionTracksandproposed11game-changingsolutionsforsustainablefoodsystemtransformations,someofwhichwereretainedinthefinalsetofrecommendationsoftheSummit.AsfounderoftheTransformativePartnershipPlatform(TPP)onAgroecology,FTAorganizedtheofficiallaunchoftheTPPduringasideeventofthe48thCommitteeonFoodSecurity(CFS48).TheAgroecologyTPPbringstogetherscientistsandpractitionerstodevisealternativestointensiveindustrialagricultureandcontributedtotheemergenceofthecoalitionforagroecologyoutoftheUNFSS.Followingitslaunch,FTAfacilitatedtheTPP’sglobalpresencethroughseveralevents:050516AnnualReport2021Learnmoreforeststreesagroforestry.orgmillionhaofforestsprotected133OnthegroundForests,TreesandAgroforestryAdecadeofcollaborativeresearchandactionUptoofavoidedCO2emissionsmillionpeople24–125Gt5–19Reducedvulnerability/povertyforcountrieswithFTAprojectsresearchpublicationstimesmilliondownloadsmillioninfundingpartnershipsover10years78>6k>80k$818>45010yearsofimpactcited>5.5with0517PoliciesforAgroecology(July),theMillionVoicesInitiative(September,attheUNFSS),ResearchonAgroecology(October)andatGLFGlasgow.TowardsCBD,FTAorganized,inpartnershipwithCAFandtheKunmingBotanicalInstitute,thehybridKunmingBiodiversityConference,leadingto12keypolicyrecommendationsthatsupportbiodiversityforusebystakeholderstotheCBD.DuringUNFCCCCOP26inNovember,FTAhostedseveraltalksattheGLFClimate:FrontiersofChangehybridconference.ItlauncheditsFTAHighlightsseriesandthefirstco-publicationwithFAOonAsia-PacificRoadmap:ForestryinnovationsfromyouthintheAsia-PacificRegion.In2021,theprogrammeheldawrap-upseminaronitsCovid-19rapidresearchresponse,launchedin2020,withthefinalresultsofseveralkeystudies.FTAalsoledaworkinggroupoftheCGIARCovid-19Hub–WorkingGroup4,whichcontributedtothefirstworld-levelassessmentontheimpactsofCOVID-19onfoodsecurity,andtoasetofstudiesonbuildingfoodsystemresilience.TheresultswerepresentedattheBuildingforwardbetter:PathwaystoresiliencewebinarinDecember.FTAalsolaunchedtwoinnovativecommunicationscampaigns–theGoogleArtsandCulturepartnershipandFromTreetoFork–toraiseawarenessaboutthevitalroletreesplayinfoodsecurityandhumandevelopment.Thesestunningdigitaldisplayscommunicatedtoamassaudiencetherealday-to-daybenefitsfromtreesandforests.Thisyear’sachievementswereonlypossiblethankstothedecadeofworkfromallFTApartners.Together,theyhelpedFTAachievethehighestcollaborationindex(6.48)ofanyCRP.Groundedinscientificevidence,thepartnershippublishedover6,000researchpapers,whichwerecitedaround79,500timesanddownloadedover5,550,000times.Acompletedatabaseisavailableatforeststreesagroforestry.org/publications,73%ofwhichisopen-access.Anindependentreviewconductedin2020outlinedFTA’shighscientificproductivity,rankingFTAfirstoutofallCRPsforcollaborationandamongthefirstthreeforpolicyinnovationsandprogresstowardplannedoutcomes.As10yearsofco-constructedresearch,discovery,innovationandadvocacywrappedup(asaCGIARResearchProgram),theevidenceshowsthatforests,treesandtheirenvironmentsplayacriticalroleinachievingtheaimsofAgenda2030andbeyond.Withthemomentumofadecadebehindit,FTAhasbegunre-imaginingitselfandislookingforwardtothelaunchofanewresearch-for-developmentpartnershipforforests,treesandagroforestryin2022.Treesindryforestsprovidecriticalecosystemservices.©MichaelBalinga/CIFORCGIARResearchProgramsCIFOR-ICRAFhasworkedcloselywithotherCGIARResearchPrograms(CRPs),whichalsoconcludedinDecember2021astheOneCGIARinitiativewaslaunched.Ourlong-termengagementwiththeCRPonPolicies,InstitutionsandMarkets(PIM)producedawealthofscientificpublicationsandknowledgeproductsovertheyear,includingabriefseriesandwebinarongovernanceofnaturalresources,aninteractivemaponcommunityforestmanagementinthePeruvianAmazonandacapacity-buildingworkshopinforestrydevelopmentforIndonesiangovernmentofficers.Workonmultistakeholderforumsincludeda7-partseriesinaspecialissueoftheInternationalForestryReviewwithanassociatednewsseries,andawebinartitled‘Puzzlepiecesorpokerchips?’hostedbyCIFOR-ICRAFPrincipalScientistAnneLarson.SeealsothestoryongenderhighlightsforPIM-relatedoutputs.CIFOR-ICRAFalsoworkedwiththeCRPsonClimateChange,AgricultureandFoodSecurity(CCAFS)andonWater,LandandEcosystems(WLE).Bytheendof2021,theGLFhadreached1.5billionpeople,establishingitastheleadingglobalmovementonsustainablelandscapes.TheGLF’sconnectionwithcommunities,grassrootsactorsandlocalchange-makers,aswellaslarge,multilateraldonorsputsitinauniquepositiontocatalysetransformativechangeatscale.In2021,theGLFcontinuedtoseeksolutionsandrallyactiontosolvethemosturgentchallengesofourtime.Itranthreemajorhybridorfulldigitalevents,GLFAfrica,GLFAmazoniaandGLFClimate,with900speakersand18,000participantsfrom186countries.2021alsosawthelaunchoftheUNDecadeonEcosystemRestorationwiththeGLFasitscorepartner.GLFFlagshipProgramsSustainableInvestmentandValueChains–shiftingfinancialflowstowardssustainableland-usemodelsthroughtheonlyglobal050518AnnualReport2021Learnmoregloballandscapesforum.orgGlobalLandscapesForumGLFhasreachedpeoplereachedthroughmediaoutreachin2021onsocialmedia1.5Bn647M181Mforumfocusedonnature-basedinvestment,GLFInvestmentCase,andcontributingtoFOLUR-FoodSystems,LandUseandRestorationImpactProgram.Knowledge&Learning–providingfree,onlinelearningopportunities.TwentythousandpeoplehavecompletedLandscapeAcademycourses,whichweredevelopedbyworldclassinstitutionsandledbyexperts.PioneeringYouthLeadership–growingglobalmovementof60,000youngpeoplein160countries.ThesecondeditionoftheRestorationStewardsprogramfundsandhighlightstheworkofsixyouth-ledrestorationprojectsinAfrica,LatinAmericaandAsia.DigitalKnowledgeCommons–buildingadigitalcommunitythatco-producesknowledge,information,contentandexperienceacrossgeographies,positionsandperspectivesondigitalplatforms.Community-ledGLFxChapters–fosteringcommunity-ledactiononthegroundthroughindependentlyorganizedlocalchaptersworldwide.GLFClimate,UniversityofGlasgow,UK.©GLFGLFhasconnectedorganizationseventparticipantsfrom185countriesyouthleadingglobaldevelopmentinstitutionsservingasCharterMembersgovernments8k275k60k3390Managalasplateau.OroProvince,PapuaNewGuinea.©MarcDozier0519IncubatedbyCIFOR-ICRAFwithamissiontocatalyseinvestmentsinnature-basedsolutionsfromtheprivatesectorandfinancialinstitutions,ResilientLandscapesdeliversresults-drivenactionacrossall17SustainableDevelopmentGoals.2021projectsnapshotsLandrestorationandbioenergyproductioninSerbiaAlandscapetransformationprograminVojvodinaaimstorestorethelinksbetweenthedemandforwoodybiomassandexistingresourcesandlocaleconomicnetworksintheagriculturallandscape,whilesimultaneouslyregeneratingvitallandscapefunctions.DuringCOP26inGlasgow,aspecialeventwasorganizedbyCIFOR-ICRAF,ResilientLandscapesandE3International,toshowcasetheSerbiaprojectfocusingonthegrowthofenergycrops.Afterasuccessfulfirsttrialperiod,theobjectiveistoexpandtheinitiativefurther.OilpalmagroforestrytorestoresoilsandbiodiversityinBrazilTheprojectwillscaleupaninnovativewayofproducingpalmoil–inassociationwithothertreecropslikecocoa,açai,timbertreesandnon-timberlikepepper–basedonaCIFOR-ICRAFagroforestryexperimentimplementedovermorethan10yearsacross60hectares.ResilientLandscapesisworkingwithCIFOR-ICRAFBrazilfromprojectdesigntofundraisinginordertobuildaphasedgrowthoftheproject,itsstakeholdersanditsprocesses.ForestryinPapuaNewGuineaEndorsedbytheGovernoroftheOroProvince,GaryJuffa,andthePrimeMinisterofPapuaNewGuinea,theHonourableJamesMarape,theprojectisdesignedtogetherwiththePapuaNewGuineagovernment,localpartnersandlocalcommunities.Theprojectaimstoempowerthe150clansand22,000householdslivingintheManagalasprotectedforesttoleveragecarbonfinancingatpremiumoffsetprices,developsustainablesupplychainsthatmaintaintheforest’snaturalcapitalandsupportlocalcommunitiesthroughsustainabletimberproduction,tree-cropcommodities,diversifiedagriculturalsystems,enhancedvaluechainsandvaluewebs,andecosystemservices.Ahigh-levelmeetingwasorganizedattheUNclimateconferencetopresentabusinesscasefortheManagalasasanidealcaseforforesthabitatprotection,provisionofecosystemsservicesandsustainableandremunerativecommunitystewardshipofforests.ResilientLandscapesLearnmoreresilient-landscapes.orgGnetum(okok)plantinthevillageofMinwoho,Lekié,CenterRegion,Cameroon.©OllivierGirard/CIFOR050520AnnualReport2021totalwebsitepageviewsa11%increase3.6Me-newslettersubscribersa18.2%increase85kengagements2.5Mpublicationdownloadsa39.2%increase2.5MfollowersonInstagrama24%increase15kengagementsonFacebooka31%increase586kcitationsa12%increase50kYouTubeviews571kengagementsonTwitter,with178,000followersa18%increase381kmediaarticlesaboutCIFOR,ICRAF,FTA,RLa33%increase3kFlickrviews2.6MengagementsonLinkedIn118,600followersa28%increase130kCommunications,outreachandengagementblogsitepageviewsa2.3%increase1.2Mimpressions124M428ktotalfollowersinallsocialmediaplatformsCIFOR-ICRAFexpenditures20210521PersonnelSuppliesandservicesCollaborationTravelDepreciation3%1%40%31%24%totalexpenditurein2021$85.7MSource:CIFORandICRAFAuditedFinancialReports2021050522AnnualReport2021Fundingpartners»ADMCapitalFoundationLtd.»AfricanDevelopmentBank»AgenceFrançaisedeDéveloppement(AFD)»AgropolisFoundation»Amazon.com,Inc.»ArcadiaFund»AssociationdeCoopérationetdeSolidaritéenRDC»AssociationforComputingMachinery»AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)–Secretariat»AustralianCentreforInternationalAgriculturalResearch(ACIAR)»AustrianDevelopmentAgency(ADA)»AzimPremjiPhilanthropicInitiativesPrivateLtd.(APPI)»BangorUniversity»BiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil»BioversityInternational»BioVisionFoundation»Bill&MelindaGatesFoundation»BNPParibas»BotanicGardensConservationInternational(BGCI)»FederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ)–Germany»FederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureConservationandNuclearSafety(BMU)–Germany»CarnegieCorporationofNewYork»CEMOI»CentralandWestAfricanVirusEpidemiologyProgram»CentreD'AppuiAuxFemmesEtAuxRuraux»FrenchAgriculturalResearchCentreforInternationalDevelopment(CIRAD)»MinistryofAgriculture,Chad»Children'sInvestmentFundFoundation»ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences»ClimateWorksFoundation»ConservationInternational»CGIARFund»ConventionontheConservationofMigratorySpeciesofWildAnimals»GermanAccademicExchangeServices(DAAD)»DavidandLucilePackardFoundation»DepartmentforBusiness,Energy&IndustrialStrategy(BEIS)»DepartmentoftheEnvironmentandEnergy–Australia»DeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbH»ECOMAgroindustrialCorporation»Enabel-BelgianDevelopmentAgency»EnvironmentalDefenseFund(EDF)»EconomicandSocialResearchCouncil(ESRC)»EthiopianEnvironment,ForestandClimateChangeCommission(EFCCC)»EuropeanCommission»EuropeanForestInstitute»EvangelischeWerkfürDiakonieundEntwicklunge.V.forBrotfürdieWelt»FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)»ForumforAgriculturalResearchinAfrica(FARA)»FederalResearchandTrainingCentreforForests,NaturalHazardsandLandscape,Austria»InterprofessionalFundforAgriculturalResearchandCouncil(FIRCA)»FrenchFacilityforGlobalEnvironment(FFEM)»FordFoundation,USA»Foreign,Commonwealth&DevelopmentOffice(FCDO)–UnitedKingdom»GeneralDirectorofForest,CoffeeandIndustrialPlants(GDFCIP)–TimorLeste»GlobalAffairsCanada»GlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF)»GlobalEvergreeningAlliance»GlobalGiving»GlobalGreenGrowthInstitute»GovernmentofIndia»GovernmentofIreland»GovernmentofJapan»GovernmentofKenya»GovernmentofOdisha,India»GovernmentofChina»GovernmentofTanzania»GovernmentoftheRepublicofSouthAfrica»GovernmentofZambia»GovernorsofSaintFrancisXavierUniversity»GreenClimateFund(GCF)»HelvetasSwissIntercooperation»HochschulefürnachhaltigeEntwicklungEberswalde(HNEE)»InternationalCropReseachInstitutefortheSemiAridTropics»IDHSustainableTradeInitiative»InternationalInstituteofTropicalAgriculture»IKEATrading(HKG)»IndahKiatPulpandPaperCorporation,PT»InternationalCenterforTropicalAgriculture(CIAT)»InternationalCentreforEnvironmentalManagement»InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC)»InternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute(IFPRI)»InternationalLandCoalition(ILC)»InternationalLivestockResearchInstitute(ILRI)»InternationalPotatoCenter(CIP)»InternationalRiceResearchInstitute(IRRI)»InternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)»InternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)»JohannHeinrichvonThünen-Institut»KoninklijkeDouweEgbertsB.V.»LancasterUniversity»LandEquityInternationalPtyLtd.(LEI)»LivelihoodsFund»LondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine»Mali-FolkecenterNyetaa»Mars,Inc.»McCormickGlobalIngredientsLtd.»Ministèredel’Environnement,duClimatetduDéveloppementdurable»MinistryofAgriculture,ForestryandFisheriesofJapan»MinistryofAgriculture,Livestock,Fisheries,andCooperatives,StateDepartmentforLivestock–Kenya»MinistryofAgriculture–RepublicofMalawi»MinistryofEnvironment,ClimateChangeandNaturalResources,Gambia»MinistryofForeignAffairs–Japan»MinistryofForeignAffairs–Norway»MuseeRoyald'AfriqueCentrale(MRAC)»NachtigalHydroPowerCompany(NHPC)»NationalAcademyofSciences(NAS)»NationalInstituteofAgriculturalBotany»NationalInstituteofForestScience(NiFoS)–RepublicofKorea»NewVentureFund»NorthernRangelandsCompanyLtd.»NorwegianAgencyforDevelopmentCooperation(NORAD)»NorwegianChurchAid»NorwegianInstituteofBioeconomyResearch»NorwegianUniversityforLifeSciences»Öko-Institute.V.»OneTreePlanted»PontificiaUniversidadCatólicadelPerú(PUCP)»RegionÖstergötland»RobertBoschStiftung»RockefellerFoundation»S&DNedcoffee,DeRuijterkade»SocieteAfricainedeCacao(SACO)»SavetheChildrenInternational»SingaporeCooperationEnterprise»InternationalSoilReferenceandInformationCentre»RaboFoundation»StockholmInternationalWaterInstitute(SIWI)»SwazilandWater,AgriculturalDevelopmentEnterprise(SWADE)»SwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency»SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences»SwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation»SwissDevelopmentCooperation(SDC)»SwissNationalScienceFoundation»TemasekFoundationInternational(TFI)»TerreEnvironnementAménagement,TEREA-France»THKöln(UniversityofAppliedSciences)»TheCenterforPeopleandForests(RECOFTC)»TheNatureConservancy»TMGResearchgGmbh»TroicareRwanda»UKResearchandInnovation(UKRI)»UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP)»UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)»UnitedNationsOfficeforProjectServices(UNOPS)»UnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)»UnitedStatesFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)»UniversityofBirmingham»UniversityofCalifornia,Davis»UniversityofCambridge»UniversityofEdinburgh»UniversityofGhana»UniversityofGiessen»UniversityofRhodesIsland»UniversityofSheffield»WalmartFoundation»WorldBank»WorldConservationMonitoringCentre»WorldWildlifeFund(WWF)»YaleUniversityStrategicpartners»AbtAssociatesInc.»ACDI/VOCA»ActionAgainstHunger»Actionpourlapromotiondelacréation(APCRE)»ActionspourlaPromotionetProtectiondesPeuplesetEspècesMenacés(APEM)»ADEsa»AdventistDevelopmentandReliefAgency(ADRA)–KENYA»Agencebelgededéveloppement»AmaniNatureReserve»ANAFE»ARCADIASITS.r.l.»AshokaTrustforResearchinEcologyandtheEnvironment»AsiaPulpandPaper(APP)»AsianForestCooperationOrganization(AFoCO)»Asia-PacificNetworkforSustainableForestManagementandRehabilitation»AssociationdeCoopérationetdeSolidaritéenRDC»AssociationdesFabricantsdesBrasero(AFB)»BadanLitbangdanInovasi(BLI)–KLHK»BadanPenelitiandanPengembanganDaerah(Balitbangda)–PapuaBarat»BangorUniversity»BankersInstituteofRuralDevelopment»BetterGlobeForestryLtd.»BorlaugInstituteforSouthAsia»Boyoma»BukalasaAgriculturalCollege»CaimanHouseInc.»CarbonEthicsFoundation»CardnoEmergingMarketsUSA,Ltd.»CARENederland»CatholicReliefServicesUSCCBInc.»CenterforResearchandSustainableCommunityDevelopment»CenterforTransformativeAction(CTA)»Central&WestAfricanVirusEpidemiology(WAVE)»CentralAfricanForestCommission(COMIFAC)»CentralAgroforestryResearchInstitute,India»CentreforBiosecurityStudies,TheUniversityoftheWestIndies(CBSUWI)»CentreforInternationalCo-operationinSustainableManagementofTropicalPeatland»CentreforInternationalSustainableDevelopmentLaw(CISDL)»CentroAgronómicoTropicaldeInvestigaciónyEnseñanza(CATIE)»CentrodeInteligênciaTerritorial»ChineseAcademyofForestry»CleanPowerIndonesia(CPI)OurworkispossiblethankstothefinancialsupportofourFundingPartnersandthecollaborationofourStrategicPartners.Weworkcloselywitharangeoflocalandinternationalorganizationsandinstitutionstodeliverresearchprojectswiththegreatestpotentialimpact.Formoreinformationaboutourpartnerspleasevisit:cifor-icraf.org/partnersPartners»Centrenationalderechercheagronomique(CNRA)–CoteD'Ivoire»CocoaHealthandExtensionDivision(CHED)»CommissiondesForêtsd’AfriqueCentrale(COMIFAC)»CommunityMarketsforConservationLtd.»ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche–IstitutoperlaBioeconomia(CNR-IBE)»ConsultativeInstituteforSocio-EconomicDevelopmentofRuralandMountainousAreas»CooperativedesPaysansdelaLekie»CoordinationProvincialedel’EnvironnementdelaTshopo»CulturalPracticeLLC»DeakinUniversity»DepartmentofAgriculturalResearchServices»DeutscheForstserviceGmbH(DFS)»DienBienExtensionCenter,DepartmentofAgricultureandRuralDevelopment»DinasTanamanPangan,HortikulturadanPerkebunan–ProvinsiPapuaBarat»DipartimentodiTerritorioeSistemiAgro-Forestali(TeSAF)»DirectionGénéraledel’EconomieVerteetduChangementClimatique–BurkinaFaso»DiwoAmbiental»EcoleRégionalepost-universitaired'AménagementetdegestionIntégrésdesForêtsetTerritoirestropicaux(ERAIFT)»EntraideMultisectoriellepourlaSurvieetleDéveloppementenRDC(EMSuDe-RDC)»FederalStateBudgetaryInstitutionofScienceKhabarovskFederalResearchCenter»FondationEnergiepourleMonde(Fondem)»ForestandFarmFacility(FFF)»ForestryandForestProductsResearchInstitute(FFPRI)»ForestryCommissionofGhana»ForestsResourcesAndPeople(FOREP)–Cameroon»ForêtRessourcesManagement(FRM)»FORIGDOLLARII»FoundationforEcologicalSecurity»FrenchNationalResearchInstituteforSustainableDevelopment(IRD)»GeneralDirectorateForestry,CoffeeandIndustrialPlants–TimorLeste»GlobalEnvironmentCentre–Malaysia»GlobalSheaAlliance»GovernmentofPeru»GovernmentofZambia»GraminVikasVigyanSamiti»GreenAdvocatesInternational»GulleleBotanicGarden»GuyanaForestryCommission»GuyanaWildlifeConservationandManagementCommission»HaTinhFarmer'sUnion»HelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch–UFZ»HumboldtUniversityofBerlin»IndependentEvaluationUnitoftheGreenClimateFund»IndianInstituteofSoilScience,Bhopal(ICAR)»IndigenousPeoplesMajorGroup(IPMG)»IndonesianSoilResearchInstitute»IngénierieduDéveloppementDurable»Initiativelocaledesexploitantsartisanauxdebois(Ilexa-Bois)»InitiativeRégionaledeDocumentationetd'AccompagnementCommunautaireauDéveloppement(IRDAC)»Institutdel’EnvironnementetdeRecherchesAgricoles–BurkinaFaso»InstitutNationalpourl'EtudeetlaRechercheAgronomiques(INERA)–DRC»InstitutPertanianBogor(IPB)»InstitutSenegalaisdeRecherchesAgricoles»InstituteforPolicyandStrategyforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment»InstituteofAgriculturalResearchforDevelopment(IRAD)»InstitutoAlexandervonHumboldt»InternationalCenterforAgriculturalResearchintheDryAreas(ICARDA)»InternationalCentreforIntegratedMountainDevelopment»InternationalForestryStudents'Association»InternationalInstituteforAppliedSystemsAnalysis(IIASA)»InternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCenter»InternationalRubberStudyGroup(IRSG)»InternationalUnionofForestResearchOrganizations(IUFRO)»Internews»ISEALAlliance»JointResearchCentreEuropeanCommission–Belgium»KALROKisiiSEEDUNIT»KEFIMineralsEthiopiaLtd.»KemitEcology»KemitraanBagiPembaruanTataPemerintahan»KenyaForestryResearchInstitute(KEFRI)»KKOInternational»KomisiDaerahPerubahanIklimdanPembangunanBerkelanjutanProvinsiPapua(KOMDAPIPB)»KoreaUniversity»KunmingInstituteofBotany»KwameNkrumahUniversityofScienceandTechnology(KNUST)»KyotoUniversity»KyrgyzNationalAgrarianUniversity»LaboratoiredeRecherchesAppliquées(LRA),ESSAForêts»LakeBasinDevelopmentAuthority,Kenya»LeibnizUniversitätHannover»LilongweUniversityofAgricultureandNaturalResources»LingkarTemuKabupatenLestari(LTKL)»MaasaiWildernessConservationTrust»ManchesterMetropolitanUniversity(MMU)»MekelleUniversity»MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity»MinistryofAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(MARD)–Vietnam»MinistryofEnvironment,WaterandNaturalResources–Kenya»MinistryofForestsandWildlife–Cameroon»MinistryofTourism,Environment&NaturalResources–Zambia»Mongabay»MountElgonTreeGrowingEnterprise»MountMakuluResearchStationIDA»MurdochUniversity»MuseeRoyald'AfriqueCentrale(MRAC)»NagoyaUniversity»NationalAgriculturalResearchandInnovationCentreofHungary»NationalBotanicGardenofBelgium»NationalBureauofPlantGeneticResources»NationalCentreforGeneticResourcesandBiotechnology–Nigeria»NationalCoordinationOffice(NCO)ofTheNationalTargetProgramonNewRuralDevelopment(NTP-NRD)–Vietnam»NationalForestryResourcesResearchInstitute–Uganda»NationalInstituteofAgriculturalPlanningandProjection–Vietnam»NationalWildlifeFederation(NWF)»NetworkofCertificationandConservationofForests»NongLamUniversity»NorthRupununiDistrictDevelopmentBoard»NothernMountainousAgricultureandForestryScienceInstitute»OceanusConservationInc.»OilPalmResearchInstituteofGhana»ONFInternational»OregonStateUniversity»OrganisationConcertéedesEcologiestesetAmisdelaNature(OCEAN)»Organisationdesbâtissesetgestionenvironnementale(ORBAGEN)»OrganizaciónNacionaldeMujeresIndígenasAndinasyAmazónicasdelPerú(ONAMIAP)»OromiaAgriculturalResearchInstitute»OurLadyofLourdesCatholicParishNakasongola»OxfamGreatBritain»OxfordPolicyManagement»PACOSTrust»PemerintahKabupatenKapuasHulu–KalimantanBarat»PlantProtectionResearchInstitute(PPRI)»PontificiaUniversidadCatólicadelPerú(PUCP)»PontificiaUniversidadJaveriana»ProgramaSalvadoreñodeInvestigaciónSobreDesarrolloyMedioAmbiente(PRISMA)»PusatPenelitiandanPengembanganSosial,Ekonomi,KebijakandanPerubahanIklim(P3SEKPI)»PusatStudiBencana–UniversitasRiau»PwaniUniversity»RainforestAlliance»RanuWelumFoundation»RationaleAdvisors–LOA»RegionalCentreforMappingofResourcesforDevelopment»RenminUniversityofChina»ResourcesandSynergiesDevelopmentSIA»RightsandResourcesGroup(RRG)»RimbaMakmurUtama,PT.»RoyalRoadsUniversity»RupununiLivestockProducersAssociationInc.(RLPA)»SahelEcoEvergreen»SarlForestryandTransformationCompany(CFT)»SavannaAgriculturalResearchInstitute»SaveVietnam’sWildlife»SecrétariatexécutifduFondsvertpourleclimat(FVC)–BurkinaFaso»ServicioNacionaldeÁreasNaturalesProtegidasporelEstado(SERNANP)–Peru»ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity(SJTU)»SHMPASDDP»SiakHijauSecretariat»SmithsonianTropicalResearchInstitute(STRI)»SNVNetherlandsDevelopmentOrganisation»SocietyforEcologicalRestoration(SER)»SocietyofIndonesianScienceJournalists(SISJ)»SoilsandFertilizersResearchInstitute(SFRI)»Solidaridad»Solutions&EvidenceforEnvironment&Development(SEED)»SonLaExtensionCenter,DepartmentofAgricultureandRuralDevelopment»SouthCentralPeoplesDevelopmentAssociation(SCPDA)»SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity»SouthRupununiConservationSociety»SouthernCrossUniversity»StatisticsforSustainableDevelopment»StichtingInterkerkelijkeAktieVoorLatijnsAmerikaSolidaridad»SustainableAgricultureTanzania(SAT)»SverigesLantbruksuniversitet(SLU)»TamilNaduAgriculturalUniversity»TapioPalvelutOy»TayNguyenUnoversity(TNU)»TempleUniversity»TerreEnvironnementAménagement,TEREA-France»TheEnergyandResourcesInstitute(TERI)–India»TheTreeMap»ThreadsofLife»TropenbosInternational»TropicalForestResearchInstitute»TrusteesofColumbiaUniversityintheCityofNewYorkonbehalfoftheEarthInstitute(EI)»TumbiAgriculturalResearchInstitute(ARI-TUMBI)»UgandaTreeSeedCentre»UKCentreforEcology&Hydrology(UKCEH)»UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)»UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO)»UniversidadTecnológicadePereira»Universitas17Agustus1945Banyuwangi»UniversitasBrawijaya»UniversitasDiponegoro»UniversitasGadjahMada»UniversitasHaluOleo»UniversitasIndonesia»UniversitasMataram»UniversitasMulawarman»UniversitasPalangkaRaya(UPR)»UniversitasPertahananRepublikIndonesia(UNHANRI)»UniversitasSriwijaya»UniversitasTanjungpura»UniversitasUdayana»UniversitéCatholiquedeLouvain»UniversitédeDouala»UniversitédeKisangani(UNIKIS)»UniversiteitGent»UniversiteitvanAmsterdam(UvA)»UniversityCollegeCork,NationalUniversityofIrelandCork»UniversityforDevelopmentStudies–Ghana»UniversityofBonn»UniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)»UniversityofCentralAsia(UCA)»UniversityofFlorida(UFL)»UniversityofFreiburg»UniversityofHelsinki»UniversityofKinshasa»UniversityofLeeds»UniversityofMaroua,NationalAdvancedSchoolofEngineering»UniversityofNewHampshire»UniversityofRwanda»UniversityofStirling»UniversityofSydney»UniversityofthePhilippinesLosBaños(UPLB)»UniversityofZambia»ViAgroforestry»VietnamNationalUniversityofForestry»VietnamTelevision,ScienceandEducationDepartment(VTV2)»VietnameseAcademyForForestSciences»VirginiaTechAppliedResearchCorporation(VT-ARC)»VisitRupununi»WageningenUniversity&Research(WUR)»WeForestVZW/ASBL»WesternHighlandsofAgricultureandforestryScienceInstitute(WASI)»WetlandsInternational»WildlifeConservationSociety»WorldCocoaFoundation»WorldVegetableCenter(WorldVeg)»WorldVisionInternational»WorldFish»YayasanHutanBiru»YayasanLingkunganHidupPapua»YayasanRiakBumi»YenBaiDepartmentforAgricul»YoungProfessionals'PlatformforAgriculturalResearchforDevelopment(YPARD)»ZambiaCommunityBasedNaturalResourceManagement(CBNRM)Forum»ZambiaInstituteofEnvironmentalManagement»ZambiaStatisticsAgency0523Mosaiclandscape.Pandeglang,Banten,Indonesia.©TomFisk/PexelsCIFOR-ICRAFenvisionsaworldinwhichpeopleenjoylivelihoodssupportedbyhealthy,productivelandscapesmaderesilientthroughthetransformativepowerofforests,treesandagroforestry.Globalcrisesareamplifyingeachotherincatastrophicways,fuelledbydeforestationandbiodiversityloss,climatechange,dysfunctionalfoodsystems,unsustainablesupplyandvaluechains,andinequalityaffectingwomen,IndigenousPeoplesandothermarginalizedgroups.Buttrees–whetherinforestsoronfarms–areakeypartofthesolution.CIFOR-ICRAFdeliversdemand-drivenevidenceofthewaystreescanrevitalizebothlandscapesandlivelihoods.Bornofthemergerofthemosttrustedresearchorganizationsonforests,treesandagroforestry–theCenterforInternationalForestryResearch(CIFOR)andWorldAgroforestry(ICRAF)–CIFOR-ICRAFharnessesacombined70yearsofexpertiseandextensivepartnershipnetworksacrossAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.Whilemaintainingseparatelegalentitiesandheadquarters,CIFOR-ICRAFnowoperatesunderasinglegoverningBoardandleadershipteam,withajointregionalstructure.Ourover700dedicatedstaffworkin60countries,withofficesin25.Ourdecades-longhostcountryagreementswithIndonesiaandKenyareflecttheirgloballeadershipandcommitmenttonature-basedsolutions.Wearedeeplygratefulforthefinancialsupportofour159fundingpartnersandthecollaborationofour281strategicpartners.Intotal,wehavecompletedover2,200projectsworthmorethanUSD2billionin92countries.Throughourover25,000researchproductsandasuiteofwebsites,news,socialmediaandevents,ourmessagecontinuestomobilizeanever-growingaudience,whetherinacademia,governmentorcivilsociety.TheentitiesoftheCIFOR-ICRAFnetworkreinforceandadvanceoursharedgoals.Astheleadingglobalmovementonsustainablelandscapes,theGlobalLandscapesForumhasconnected1.5billionpeople,fromyouthleaderstolargemultilateraldonors.TheGlobalPartnershipforForests,TreesandAgroforestryhaslaunchedanewphaseofcollaboration.AndResilientLandscapesisfastbecomingacriticalnexusbetweenscience,businessandfinance.Citation:CIFOR-ICRAF.2022.CIFOR-ICRAFAnnualReport2021:Harnessingthepowerofforests,treesandagroforestry.Bogor,Indonesia:CenterforInternationalForestryResearch(CIFOR)andNairobi,Kenya:WorldAgroforestry(ICRAF).20ppProduction:CIFOR-ICRAFCommunications,OutreachandEngagementTeamDesignandlayout:MardiyahAlexandraMillerandPerdanaMaulansyahPutraCIFORandICRAFareCGIARResearchCentersSeeonlineversionatcifor-icraf.org/annualreport2021CenterforInternationalForestryResearch(CIFOR)JalanCIFOR,SituGede,BogorBarat,Bogor,16115,IndonesiaEmail:cifor@cgiar.orgWeb:www.cifor.orgcifor-icraf.orgWorldAgroforestry(ICRAF)UnitedNationsAvenue,Gigiri,POBox30677,Nairobi,00100,KenyaEmail:worldagroforestry@cgiar.orgWeb:www.worldagroforestry.orgforeststreesagroforestry.orggloballandscapesforum.orgresilient-landscapes.org