ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANKInstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsMARCH2023ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANKInstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsMARCH2023CreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)©2023AsianDevelopmentBank6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel+63286324444;Fax+63286362444www.adb.orgSomerightsreserved.Publishedin2023.ISBN978-92-9270-061-4(print);978-92-9270-062-1(electronic);978-92-9270-063-8(ebook)PublicationStockNo.TIM230065-2DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TIM230065-2TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent.ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“country”inthispublication,ADBdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea.ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattribution,translations,adaptations,andpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseathttps://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADBcopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit.ADBcannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial.Pleasecontactpubsmarketing@adb.orgifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBlogo.CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundathttp://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.CoverdesignbyEdithCreus.Onthecover:HomeSolarPhotovoltaicinstallationatL.Maavah,Maldives(photobyHussainShiham[Technician,L.GanBranch,FenakaCorporationLimited]).iiiContentsTableANDFiguresvAcknowledgmentsviDisclaimervii1Introduction12ApplicationandApprovalProcess2ApplicationFormforEligibleConsumersfortheGridConnection2ofRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsServiceProviderVerificationandApproval43TechnicalSpecifications,Standards,9andInstallationRequirementsComponent(Equipment)Standards(Informative)9TestingLaboratoriesandVerificationofCertificates9PhotovoltaicModules10Inverter,Control,andRemoteMonitoringSystem11EnergyMeter11PhotovoltaicModuleMountingStructure12PhotovoltaicArrayandPhotovoltaicStringCombinerBoxes13CircuitBreakers13DisconnectorsandSwitch-Disconnectors13DirectCurrentCables13WiringLoops14Plugs,Sockets,andConnectors16CableTermination16EarthingSystem16MarkingandDangerSigns174DocumentationRequirements185WarrantyandGuarantee21ivContents6Post-InstallationInspectionandVerificationProcess22GeneralInformation22PVModuleInformation23InverterInformation23ChecklistforVerificationofDesignandPlanning24ChecklistforVerificationofElectricalandFireSafety26ChecklistforVerificationofInstallation28ChecklistforVerificationofModuleMountingStructure29ChecklistforVerificationofOperationandMaintenance307PhotovoltaicSystemPerformanceEvaluation32System-LevelPerformanceEvaluation32DiagnosticPerformanceEvaluation338PreventiveMaintenanceAdvisory34APPENDIXES1Grid-ConnectedPhotovoltaicSystemConnectionAgreement362EquipmentRequiredforInspection393ATypicalConnectionDiagramforGrid-ConnectedPhotovoltaicSystem40withStringInverter4ATypicalConnectionDiagramforGrid‑ConnectedPhotovoltaicSystem41withMicroInvertervTablePreventiveMaintenanceAdvisory34Figures1WiringtoAvoidConductiveLoops–Example1142WiringtoAvoidConductiveLoops–Example2153WiringtoAvoidConductiveLoops–Example3154ExampleofWiringtobeAvoidedBecauseitIncludesConductiveLoops155RecommendedSignageandLabelingforSolarPVSystem17TableANDFiguresviAcknowledgmentsInstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemswaspreparedbyateamledbyJaimesKolantharaj,seniorenergyspecialist,SouthAsiaEnergyDivisionoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB).TheleadauthorofthismanualisDwipenBoruah,seniortechnicalconsultantfortheMinistryofEnvironment,ClimateChangeandTechnology,RepublicofMaldives.TheteamisgratefulforthevaluableguidanceandsupportofADB’sKenichiYokoyama,directorgeneral,SouthAsiaDepartment;PriyanthaWijayatunga,chief,energysectorgroup;andThiamHeeNg,director,SouthAsiaRegionalCooperationandOperationsCoordinationDivision.TheteamacknowledgescontributionsfromthefollowingADBstaff:DavidMorgado,seniorenergyspecialist;MariaCharinaApoloSantos,projectanalyst;andconsultantsSergioUgarte(SQConsult),AbdullaFirag,andMariettaL.Marasigan.TheteamhighlyappreciatestheguidanceofAminathShauna,ministerofEnvironment,ClimateChangeandTechnology,Maldives.ItalsoappreciatestheinformativecommentsreceivedfromtheEnergyDepartment,theUtilityRegulatoryAuthority,theStateElectricCompanyLtd.,andFenakaCorporationLimited.Lastly,itisworthwhiletoacknowledgethesupportandinputsfromtheprojectmanagementunitofthePreparingOuterIslandsforSustainableEnergyDevelopmentproject.viiWhilemethods,approach,procedures,andinstructionsincludedinthismanualarebasedonthetermsandconditionsprescribedinthe“RegulationforConnectingRenewableEnergySystemstotheElectricityNetworkonaNetMeteringBasis2020,”relevantInternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionandInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineersstandardsandglobalbestpractices,theauthor;theMinistryofEnvironment,ClimateChangeandTechnology,RepublicofMaldives;theAsianDevelopmentBank;andanystakeholderimplementingandadministeringthebank’sPreparingOuterIslandsforSustainableEnergyDevelopmentprojectinMaldivesdonotassumeresponsibilityandexpresslydisclaimliabilityforloss,injury,damage,expenseorinconveniencesustainedbyanyusersofthismanualorinrelationtoanyinformationordatacontainedinthismanual.Neitherwenortheaffiliatedpartnershipsorbodies,corporate,northedirectors,shareholders,managers,partners,employees,oragentsofanyofthem,makeanyrepresentationorwarranty,expressorimplied,astotheaccuracy,reasonableness,orcompletenessoftheinformationcontainedinthismanual.Allsuchpartiesandentitiesexpresslydisclaimanyliabilityfororbasedonorrelatingtoanysuchinformationcontainedin,orerrorsinoromissionsfrom,thisreportorbasedonorrelatingtotherecipient’suseofthismanual.Disclaimer1IntroductionInstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemswaspreparedtosupporttheimplementationofgrid-connectedrooftopphotovoltaic(PV)projectsintheRepublicofMaldives.Themethods,approach,procedures,andinstructionsincludedinthismanualarebasedonthetermsandconditionsprescribedinthe“RegulationforConnectingRenewableEnergySystemstotheElectricityNetworkonaNetMeteringBasis2020,”relevantInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC),EuropeanStandards(EN),andInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineersstandardsandglobalbestpractices.1ThismanualspecificallysupportsutilityengineerstoverifyandapprovegridconnectionapplicationsfromeligibleconsumersforrooftopPVsystemsundernetmeterregulation.Themanualprovidesguidelinesfortheverificationofsitedetails,PVsystemdesigninformation,billofquantity,systemdocumentation,etc.Thoughthismanualisspecifiedas“grid-connectedrooftopPVsystems,”itcanbeusedandappliedasareferencemanualforanygrid-connectedPVsystemconnectedtoalow-voltagegridnetwork(220volts[V]to440V).Themanualprovidesdetailedchecklistsfortheverificationofequipment,systemdesignandplanning,electricalandfiresafety,mountingstructureandsysteminstallation,andoperationandmaintenancepracticesduringthepost-installationinspectionasperrelevantstandards,gridcoderequirements,andbestpractices.SystemperformanceevaluationmethodsandpreventivemaintenanceadvisoriesincludedinthemanualintendtohelputilityengineerstomonitorandmanagerooftopPVsystemsaswell.Ready-to-useapplicationandconnectionagreementforms,checklists,andthelistofequipmentrequiredforinspectionwillhelptheendusers,supplyandinstallationcompanies,projectmanagers,andengineersofserviceproviderstotakeswiftanddefinitiveactionwhileimplementingrooftopPVprojects.Theoperationsmanualincludesthefollowing:(i)applicationformforthegridconnectionofrooftopPVsystemsbyeligibleconsumers;(ii)verificationandapprovalformbytheserviceprovider;(iii)technicalspecifications,standards,andinstallationrequirements;(iv)documentationrequirements;(v)warrantyandguaranteetermsfordifferentcomponentsandqualityofworks;(vi)post-installationinspectionandverificationprocessandchecklists;(vii)PVsystemperformanceevaluationmethod;(viii)preventivemaintenanceadvisory;(ix)gridconnectionagreementformforrooftopPVsystems;and(x)listofequipmentrequiredforinspection.1GovernmentofMaldives,UtilityRegulatoryAuthority.2020.2020/R-46–NetMeteringRegulation.22June.https://www.ura.gov.mv/downloads/net-metering-regulation-2020r-231/.12ApplicationandApprovalProcessApplicationFormforEligibleConsumersfortheGridConnectionofRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsInterestedeligibleconsumersmayusethefollowingapplicationformtorequestthegridconnectionofrooftopPVsystemsonanetmeteringbasis.1Consumer1.1Fullname:1.2Address:1.3Atoll/island:1.4Contactphonenumber:1.5E-mailaddress:1.6Accountnumberofexistingmeterinthepremiseswherethephotovoltaic(PV)systemistobeinstalled:2InstallationAgent2.1Fullname:2.2Address:2.3Contactphonenumber:2.4E-mailaddress:2.5LicensenumberissuedbyUtilityRegulatoryAuthority(URA)tocarryoutelectricworks:3RooftopPVSystemDetails3.1Manufacturingdate:3.2TypeofPVtechnology(monoorpoly-crystalline/cadmiumtelluride[CdTe]orcopperindiumgalliumselenide[CIGS]thinfilm):3.3Typeofinverterbasedonuseoftransformer(isolated/non-isolated):2continuedonnextpageApplicationandApprovalProcess33.4TypeofinverterbasedoninterfacewithPVarray(micro/string/optimizerbased):3.5Powerfactor:3.5Rating(inkilowatt[kW]andkilovolt-ampere[kVA]):3.6Voltage(involt[V]):3.7Frequency(inhertz[Hz]):3.8Estimatedannualtotalelectricitygeneration(inkilowatt-hour[kWh]):4SiteInstallationDetails4.1Asiteplandrawntoscaleofthelocationofinstallationmustbesubmittedwiththisform.Thisplanmustincludethesiteboundaries,pointofinstallation,meterlocation,andtheconnectionpointofthesystemtotheserviceprovider’snetwork.4.2Asinglelinedrawingwithclearindicationsofthesystem’selectricitygenerator(PVinverter),meter,connectionpoint,isolationdevices,andsafetydevicesmustbesubmittedwiththisform.4.3Detailsofthesystem’ssecuritymeasurestoprevent“unintendedislanding”aasfollows:ɃɃSystemsconnectedtothenetworkshallbeabletoavoid“unintendedislanding,”andintheeventofunintendedislanding,thesystemshallcontaincomponentsabletopreventtheserviceprovider’snetworkfromgettingenergizedwithin0.5seconds.ɃɃIntheeventofanintentionalorunintentionaldisconnectionoftheserviceprovider’snetwork,thesystemsconnectedtothenetworkshallautomaticallydisconnectwithin0.5seconds.5ScheduleofWorks5.1Estimateddateofcommencementofinstallation:5.2Estimateddateofsystemcommissioningandconnectiontothegrid:6DeclarationIherebyrequestthegridconnectionoftherooftopPVsystemtotheserviceprovider’snetworkonanetmeteringbasisinaccordancewiththeinformationprovidedinthisform.IdeclarethattherooftopsolarPVsystemtobeconnectedtothegridshallbeincompliancewithallaspectsofthe“RegulationforConnectingRenewableEnergySystemstotheElectricityNetworkonaNetMeteringBasis2020”(2020/R-46).Name:Address:Signature:Date:aThenetmeteringregulationdefines“unintendedislanding”asthegenerationofelectricityfromthesystemestablishedbythecustomerevenwhenthereisnoelectricityinthenetwork.Continued4InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsServiceProviderVerificationandApprovalTheserviceprovidermayusethefollowingformtoverifyandapproveapplicationsforgridconnectionofrooftopPVsystems:Section1:ApplicantDetailsNo.InformationServiceProviderVerification1Dateofsubmissionoftheapplication2Nameoftheconsumerasstatedintheelectricityaccount3Consumer’scompleteaddressforcommunication4Electricityconsumeraccountnumber5Nameofcontactperson(asinglepointofcontactshouldbeprovided)6Telephonenumberofcontactperson7E-mailaddressofcontactperson8Nameanddesignationofthepersonauthorizedtomakethefinancialdecision9Nameanddesignationofthepersontowhomtheserviceisallocated/grantedandisauthorizedtomakethetechnicaldecision10Nameanddesignationofthepersontowhomtheserviceisallocated/grantedandisauthorizedtomaketheoverallmanagementdecisionSection2:SiteDetailsNo.InformationServiceProviderVerification1ThephysicaladdressofthebuildingwheretherooftopPVsystemwillbeinstalled2GeographiccoordinatesofthebuildingwheretherooftopPVsystemwillbeinstalled3MarkthebuildingroofsonGoogleearthmapawheretherooftopPVsystemwillbeinstalledcontinuedonnextpageApplicationandApprovalProcess5Section2:SiteDetailsNo.InformationServiceProviderVerification4PVplantlayoutshowingthelocationofPVarraysonthebuildingroof5Locationsinthebuildingwhereinverterswillbeinstalled6LocationinthebuildingwheretherooftopPVsystemwillbeconnectedtothegrid(pointofinterconnection)7LocationinthebuildingwheretheenergymeterfortherooftopPVsystemwillbeinstalled8ShadowanalysisdoneforinstallationofPVarrays.Shadingheatmaporshadowanalysisreport.9PermitsandclearancesobtainedfromlocalauthoritiesasperbuildingbylawsforinstallationofPVsystemsonthebuildingroofasapplicable10FiresafetyclearanceobtainedfromtheconcernedauthorityforinstallationofPVsystemsonthebuildingroofasapplicablePV=photovoltaic.aGoogleearthmapsavailableathttps://earth.google.com/web/.Section3:PVSystemDetailsNo.InformationServiceProviderVerification1ProposedPVarraycapacity(kWp)2Proposednumberandcapacitiesofinverters(kW)3Approximatecostofthecompletesystem4NameofthemanufacturerandmodelnumberofproposedPVmodules(checkthePVmoduledatasheet)5StandardsandcertificationforPVmodules(verifytheauthenticityoftestcertificates)6Nameofthemanufacturerandmodelnumberoftheproposedinverter(checktheinverterdatasheet)7Standardsandcertificationforproposedinverters(verifytheauthenticityoftestcertificates)8OutputACvoltageofproposedinvertercontinuedonnextpageContinued6InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsSection3:PVSystemDetailsNo.InformationServiceProviderVerification9Frequencytoleranceofproposedinverter10Voltagetoleranceofproposedinverter11Powerfactorrangeofproposedinverters12Type,material,andnameofthemanufacturerofproposedmodulemountingstructure(checkdatasheet/designofthemodulemountingstructure)13Standardsandcertificationformodulemountingstructure(checkcertificates)14Determinethemaximumwindspeedconsideredfordesigningthemodulemountingstructure15Type,material,andnameofthemanufacturerofproposedDCandACcombinerboxes16Standardsandcertificationforcombinerboxes(checkcertificates)17Make,voltage(currentrating),andcertificationofDCisolatorsforstringsandarraycable18Make,specification,andcertificationofDCstringcablesandDCarraycable19Make,voltage(currentrating),andcertificationofDCcableconnectors20ConfirminstalleragreementtoprovideallmarkingsandsignagesaspertheinternationalstandardIEC62548on“Photovoltaic(PV)arrays–Designrequirements”21ConfirminstalleragreementtoprovidealldocumentationaspertheinternationalstandardIEC62446on“Photovoltaic(PV)systems–Requirementsfortesting,documentation,andmaintenance‘Part1:Gridconnectedsystems–Documentation,commissioningtests,andinspection’and‘Part2:Grid-connectedsystems–MaintenanceofPVsystems’”asmentionedinthismanualAC=alternatingcurrent,DC=directcurrent,IEC=InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission,kW=kilowatt,kWp=kilowatt-peak,PV=photovoltaic.ContinuedApplicationandApprovalProcess7Section4:PVSystemDesignInformationNo.ParametersServiceProviderVerification1DoestheinstalleragreetofollowtheinternationalstandardIEC62548tomeetPVarraysdesignrequirements?2Whatarethesafetymeasuresconsideredinthedesigntopreventelectricshock?3WhatarethesafetymeasuresconsideredtopreventfirehazardsfromthePVsystem?4Whatmeasuresareconsideredforovercurrentprotectionatstring?5WhatmeasuresareconsideredforovervoltageprotectioninDCsideandACside?6Isthereaprovisionforinstallationoflightningprotectionsystem?7WhatmeasuresaretakentoprotecttheDCcablesfromanymechanicaldamage?8Hastheapplicantconsideredtheload-bearingcapacityoftherooftotakethecombinedloadofthePVsystemandwindpressure?9CheckandapprovethesinglelinediagramfortheDCside10CheckandapproveconnectiondiagramofPVmodules11CheckandapprovethesinglelinediagramfortheACside12CheckandapprovedetailedconnectiondiagramforgridintegrationofthePVsystem,includingenergymeterandisolation13CheckmodulemountingstructureengineeringdrawingsandaccessoriesshowingdetailsoffixingtotheroofandattachmentofthePVmodules14Checkdrawingsforfixingorgroutingofthemodulemountingstructuretopreventleakageintheroof15Checksystemearthingelectricaldiagram16Checkandapproveearthingcontinuityandresistivitytestreport17Checkdetaileddiagramoflightningprotectionsystemshowingprotectioncoveragearea18VerifynamesandcontactdetailsofthepersonswhodesignedandapprovedthedesigndrawingsAC=alternatingcurrent,DC=directcurrent,IEC=InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission,PV=photovoltaic.8InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsSection5:BillofQuantityNo.ItemServiceProviderVerification1PVmodules2Grid-tiedinverter3Mountingstructure4Invertermountingstructure5Stringovercurrentprotection6DCisolatorforstrings7DCisolatorforPVarray8ACisolatorforinverter9ACisolatorforgriddisconnection10DCsurgeprotectiondevice11ACsurgeprotectiondevice12DCcombinerbox13ACcombinerbox14DCstringcable15DCarraycable16ACcables17Earthingconductor18Energymeter19Monitoringsystem20SolararraycleaningarrangementAC=alternatingcurrent,DC=directcurrent,PV=photovoltaic.9TechnicalSpecifications,Standards,andInstallationRequirements3Thecomponentsusedinthedistributedgrid-connectedrooftopPVsystemsmustcomplywiththespecificcomponentstandardslistedinthismanual.Theinstallationorsupplycompanyisrequiredtoprovideverifiabletestcertificatesconfirmingthatthemajorcomponentsusedinthesystemcomplywiththerelevantspecifiedstandardstestedbyalaboratoryaccreditedtoperformthetest(s)aspertheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)-ISO/IEC17025.Component(Equipment)Standards(Informative)QualitysystemcomponentsinthesolarenergyindustryaretypicallytestedandcertifiedagainststandardsdevelopedbytheIEC,UnderwritersLaboratory(UL),or,insomecases,EN.Manyproductssuchassolarmodules,batteries,inverters,andcontrollersaretestedandcertifiedtooneormoresetsofstandards.Forexample,someinvertersthataremanufacturedintheUnitedStates(US)aretestedagainsttheULstandardfortheUSversionsandalsohavetheConformitèEuropëenne(CE)marking,meaningthattheyconformtoEuropeanrequirements.Astheindustryhasbeenprogressingveryquickly,thereareinstanceswhensomeofthebalanceofsystemequipmentusedintheindustrydonothaveIECorULstandardsavailable,buttheydomeetstandardsfromotherorganizationsliketheENorspecificcountrystandards.TestingLaboratoriesandVerificationofCertificatesTestingandverifyingthatthesystemcomponentshavemettherelevantstandard(s)shallbeundertakenbyatestinglaboratoryaccreditedtoISO/IEC17025GeneralRequirementsfortheCompetenceofTestingandCalibrationLaboratories.ThetestlaboratoryshallhaveISO/IEC17025accreditationfortheparticularstandardortestmethodused.CopiesofalltherelevantISO/IEC17025accreditationcertificatesand/orothersupportingdocumentationfromthetestlaboratoryshallbeverifiedbytheapprovingauthority.Theinstallationandsupplycompanyisrequiredtoprovideverifiabletestcertificatestotheapprovingauthorityconfirmingthatthemajorcomponentsusedinthesystemcomplywiththerelevantspecifiedstandards.TheapprovingauthoritywillconfirmthatthelaboratoryhasISO/IEC17025accreditationandthatthetestcertificatesaregenuine.10InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsPhotovoltaicModulesSolarmodulesshallmeeteitherofthefollowingrelevantdesignqualificationandtypeapprovalstandards:ɂɂIEC61215TerrestrialPVmodules–Designqualificationandtypeapproval•IEC61216-1Part1:Testrequirements•IEC61216-2Part2:TestproceduresandɂɂIEC61730PVmodulesafetyqualification•IEC61730-1Part1:Requirementsforconstruction•IEC61730-2Part2:RequirementsfortestingandɂɂIEC61701:2011:SaltmistcorrosiontestingofPVmodules.Only“ClassA”modulesdesignedaccordingtoIEC61730-1andIEC61730-2standardsareconsidered.Allmodulesusedinonepowerplantshallbefromasinglemanufacturerwithsimilarwattageandshallbewithpositivepowertoleranceonly.Negativepowertoleranceshallnotbeaccepted.Eachmoduleshallbemarkedwithaserialnumbertoprovidetraceabilitytothemanufacturer’sname,factory,anddateofmanufacture.Themodulelabelmustshowthecorrectcertifiermark(logo)correspondingtothatonthetestcertificatesuppliedatthetimeofapproval.Thefollowinginformationmustbementionedineachmodule(thiscanbeinsideoroutsidethelaminatebutmustbeabletowithstandharshenvironmentalconditions):ɂɂnameofthemanufacturer;ɂɂmonthandyearofmanufacture;ɂɂcountryoforigin;ɂɂcurrentvoltage(I-V)curveforthemodule;ɂɂwattage,currentatmaximumpowerpoint(Im),voltageatmaximumpowerpoint(Vm),andfillfactorforthemodule;ɂɂuniqueserialnumberandmodelnumberofthemodule;ɂɂdateandyeartheIECPVqualificationcertificatewasobtained;andɂɂnameofthetestinglabissuingtheIECcertificate.TechnicalSpecifications,Standards,andInstallationRequirements11Inverter,Control,andRemoteMonitoringSystemGrid-connectedinvertersthatcompliedwithIEC62109-1:2010(Safetyofpowerconvertersforuseinphotovoltaicpowersystems–Part1:Generalrequirements)andIEC62109-2(Safetyofpowerconvertersforuseinphotovoltaicpowersystems–Part2:Particularrequirementsforinverters)willbeused.Theinvertersystemshouldbeprovidedwithsurgeprotectiondevices.Theinvertermustbeequippedwithglobalsystemformobile(GSM)-baseddatamoduleforuploadingperformancedata.Theinvertermustbecertifiedinaccordancewiththeapplicablestandardsandnationalgridcoderequirementsforgridconnectivitytoqualifytothefollowinggridparameters.GridParametersTypicalRequirementorAcceptableLimitResponsetoabnormalvoltageandfrequencyVoltage:85%to110%Frequency:47.5hertz(Hz)to52.5HzSynchronizationVoltage:±6%;noobjectionableflickerUnintentionalislandingDisconnectionin<2seconds;reconnectionin>60secondsLimitationofdirectcurrent(DC)injection<0.5%Harmonics<5%InterfaceprotectiondevicefunctionalrequirementUnintentionalislanding,undervoltageprotection,overvoltageprotection,overfrequency,underfrequencyRemotemonitoringofvariousparametersatinverterlevelshouldbemadepossibleonthesitebyinstallingthesuitablemonitoringsystem.Thisshouldbemaintainedinanhourlylogbookforallinverterevents,includinglowperformanceandfaults,andshouldbestoredinthelogbookforatleast1year.ThemonitoringsystemshallhavefeaturesforsimultaneousmonitoringandrecordingofvariousparametersofdifferentsubsystemsandpowersupplyoftherooftopPVsystematthedirectcurrent(DC)sideandalternatingcurrent(AC)side.Thiswillenablemonitoringofthestatusofinvertersbygatheringinformationonenergygeneration.Dailyreportsoftheplant’senergygenerationwillbeprovidedbythemonitoringsystem.RemotedataaccesswillbeprovidedthroughaGSM‑basedcommunicationinterface.EnergyMeterThemainelectricitymetershallbeaserviceprovider(utilitycompany)-approvedbi-directionalenergymeterasestablishedunderthenetmeteringregulation.Aseparateenergymeter(solarmeter)tomeasureandmonitorenergygenerationfromthePVsystemshallbeinstalledattheACdistributionbox/ACcombinerboxormaindistributionpanelinthemainelectricalpanelroomwhereinverterpowerwillbeinjected.Bothmeterswillbeofelectronic,tri-vectortype,suitablefor3-phase4-wireconnections,withinitialandsustainedaccuracyofclass0.2S.Themetersshallfullycomplywithallstipulationsinapplicablestandardswiththelatestamendmentsandtherelevantprovisionsofthenationalgridcode.12InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsPhotovoltaicModuleMountingStructureThestructuraldesignofmodulemountingstructuresmustconformtowithstandaminimum“basicwindspeed”of180kilometers/hour.Theinstallershallensurethatthearrayframethattheyinstallhasapplicableengineeringcertificatesverifyingthattheframemeetswindloadingsappropriateforthatparticularlocation.Thearraystructuresshallbemadeofhotdippedgalvanizedironwithminimum120-micronhotdippedgalvanizationorextrudedaluminumEN-AW-6063T6orequivalent.Allfastenersshallbeofstainlesssteel-SS304orhighergrade.Nutandbolts,andsupportingstructures(includingmodulemountingstructures)shallhavetobeadequatelyprotectedagainstallclimaticconditionssuchassalinity,extremehumidity,highwindloading,etc.Hightensilestainlesssteeldeco-coatedfastenersareacceptable.Thefollowinginstructionsshouldbefollowedwhiledesigningandinstallingamodulemountingstructure:(i)Thestructuremustbedesignedtoallowsufficientspacebelowthearray(>50millimeters[mm]or2inches)forcoolingofthePVmodulesbynaturalventilation.Insufficientcoolingwillresultinhighmoduleoperatingtemperaturesandloweroutputsfromthemodules.(ii)Solarmodulesshouldbeattachedtothearraystructureusingeitherthemountingholesprovidedbythemanufacturerorclampsthataresuitableforthemaximumwindatthesite.MountingofthePVmodulesshouldallowfortheexpansionandcontractionofthePVmodulesunderexpectedoperatingconditions.(iii)Themid-clampsusedforattachingthemodulesmustbelongerthan50mm(2inches)inlengthtowithstandhighwindloading,anditisrecommendedtousethreerailswhileinstallinginportraitposition.Forsystemshavingmorethaneightmodulesinasinglerow,considerationshallbegivenforusinganendclampforeveryfourthmodulesoifonedoesbecomeloose,onlyafewothermoduleswouldbeaffected,andnotnecessarilythewholearray.(iv)Anyroofpenetrationsmustbesuitablysealedandremainwaterprooffortheexpectedlifeofthesystem.Ifthisisnotpossible,thenthismustbedetailedinthemaintenancetimetable.(v)Iftheroofusestiles,tilesshallsitflataftertheinstallationoftilemountingbracketstoensurethetilesmaintaintheiroriginalwateringressprotection.Theremaybearequirementtogrindsomeoftheundersideofthetiletoenableittositcorrectly.(vi)Formetalroofsthearrayframestructureshouldbeattachedtotheroofusingbracketsthatarescrewedthroughtheridgesoftheroofintoapurlinorrafterbelow.(vii)Theinstallermustfollowthearrayframesupplier’sormanufacturer’srecommendationswhenmountingthearraytotheroofsupportstructuretoensurethatthearraystructurestillmeetsthewindloadingcertification.TechnicalSpecifications,Standards,andInstallationRequirements13PhotovoltaicArrayandPhotovoltaicStringCombinerBoxesPVarrayandPVstringcombinerboxesexposedtotheenvironmentshallbeatleastingressprotectioncode(IP)65compliantasperIEC60529andshallbeultraviolet(UV)-resistant.AnyenclosureIPcoderatingshallsuittheenvironmentalconditions.ThisIPcoderatingshallapplytotherelevantmountingpositionandorientation.2CircuitBreakersCircuitbreakersusedforovercurrentprotectioninPVarraysshallbe(i)certifiedtoeitherIEC60898-2orIEC60947-2andnotbepolaritysensitive;(ii)ratedtointerruptfullloadandprospectivefaultcurrentsfromthePVarray,dieselgeneratorsandthegrid;and(iii)ratedforovercurrentasperIEC62548(footnote2).DisconnectorsandSwitch-DisconnectorsAsrequired,alldisconnectorsshall(i)nothaveexposedlivemetalpartsinconnectedordisconnectedstate;and(ii)haveacurrentratingequaltoorgreaterthantheassociatedovercurrentprotectiondevice,orintheabsenceofsuchdevice,haveacurrentratingequaltoorgreaterthantheminimumrequiredcurrentcarryingcapacityofthecircuittowhichtheyarefitted(footnote2).SwitchdisconnectorsshallbecertifiedtoIEC60947-1andIEC60947-3standardsandhavemechanismsthathaveindependentmanualoperation(footnote2).Asadditionalcompliance,circuitbreakersandanyotherload-breakingswitchdisconnectorsshall(i)notbepolaritysensitive,(ii)beratedtointerruptfullloadandprospectivefaultcurrentsfromthePVarrayandthegrid,and(iii)beratedasperIEC62548whenovercurrentprotectionisincorporated(footnote2).DirectCurrentCablesTheDCsolarcablesmustbemadeofcopperwithUVprotection-typeinsulationandaminimumvoltageratingof1,000volts.CablesizesforPVstringcables,PVsub-arraycables,andPVarraycableshallbedeterminedwithregardtoovercurrentprotectionratingswhereinuse,withtheminimumcurrentratingandvoltagedropandprospectivefaultcurrentconsiderationsasspecifiedinIEC62548:2016PVarrays–Designrequirements.Thelargestcablesizeobtainedfromthesecriteriashallbeapplied.2Photovoltaic(PV)Arrays–DesignRequirementIEC62548:2016–Photovoltaic(PV)Arrays–DesignRequirements.Availableonline:https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/25949.14InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsCablederatingfactorsshallbeconsideredaccordingtoIEC60364basedoncablelocationandinstallationmethod.Maximumcumulativevoltagedropinallcablelengthshouldnotbemorethan2%intheDCsideand1%intheACside(footnote2).CablesusedwithinthePVarrayshall(i)besuitableforDCapplication,(ii)haveavoltageratingequaltoorgreaterthanthePVarraymaximumvoltageatlowestpossibletemperature,and(iii)haveatemperatureratingaccordingtotheapplication.CableinsulationofwiringinstalledincontactornearPVmodulesshallberatedat90°C,UV-resistant,water-resistant,doubleinsulated,andflameretardant(footnote2).Stringcablesshallbeflexibletoallowforthermalandwindmovementofarraysandmodules.Cablesshallbesupportedsothattheydonotsufferfatigueduetowindandsnowaffects.Theyshallalsobeprotectedfromsharpedges.CablesshallbesupportedsothattheirpropertiesandinstallationrequirementsaremaintainedoverthestatedlifeofthePVplant.AllnonmetallicconduitsandductingexposedtosunlightshallbeUV‑resistant.Cabletiesshallnotbeusedasaprimarymeansofsupport(footnote2).Onlybright-annealed99.97%purebarecopperconductorwires,whichofferlowresistance,lowerheating,andofreputedmakeshallbeused(footnote2).TheACcablemustbeofcopperarmoredXLPEinsulationwithaminimumvoltageratingof1kilovolt(kV)(footnote2).AllACcablesshallbeelectrolytictinnedcopperclass2,accordingtoIEC60228.InsulationshallbeasperIEC60502-1andIS1554standards.CablesshallalsoconfirmtoIEC60189fortestandmeasuringmethods.WiringLoopsCablesneedtobelaidinparallelandclosetogethertoavoidwiringloops,whichmaycausedamaginghigh‑voltagesurgestothecontrollerorinverteriftherearenearbylightningstrikes.Figures1to3giveexamplesonhowaconductivewiringloopcanbeavoidedwhileFigure4showsawiringarrangementthatwillcauseaconductiveloopandshouldnotbeused.Forminimizinglightning-generatedvoltagesurges,thepositiveandnegativewiresshouldalwaysberuntogether.Figure1:WiringtoAvoidConductiveLoops–Example1ReturnconductorPVmodulePVmodulejunctionboxPV=photovoltaic.Source:ProducedbyGlobalSustainableEnergySolutions.TechnicalSpecifications,Standards,andInstallationRequirements15Figure2:WiringtoAvoidConductiveLoops–Example2PVmodulePVmodulejunctionboxPV=photovoltaic.Source:ProducedbyGlobalSustainableEnergySolutions.Figure3:WiringtoAvoidConductiveLoops–Example3Source:ProducedbyGlobalSustainableEnergySolutions.Figure4:ExampleofWiringtobeAvoidedBecauseitIncludesConductiveLoopsPVmodulePVmodulejunctionboxPV=photovoltaic.Source:ProducedbyGlobalSustainableEnergySolutions.16InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsPlugs,Sockets,andConnectorsPlugsandsocketconnectors(popularlyknownastheMC4connector)matedtogetherinaPVsystemshallbeofthesametypefromthesamemanufacturertoavoidfirehazardsinthePVplantandbuildings,i.e.,aplugfromonemanufacturerandasocketfromanothermanufacturerorviceversashallnotbeusedtomakeaconnection.Plugs,sockets,andconnectorsshall(i)complywiththestandardEN50521Connectorsforphotovoltaicsystems–Safetyrequirementsandtests;(ii)beratedforDCuse;(iii)havevoltageratingof1,000volts;(iv)shallbeprotectedfromcontactwithlivepartsinconnectedanddisconnectedstate;and(v)haveacurrentratingequaltoorgreaterthanthecurrentcarryingcapacityforthecircuittowhichtheyarefitted.Wheninstalledoutdoor,plugs,sockets,andconnectorsshallbeUV-resistantandratedforIP65orabove.Plugs,sockets,andconnectorsshallbeinstalledtominimizestrainontheconnectors(e.g.,supportingthecableoneithersideoftheconnector).Plugsandsocketoutletsnormallyusedfortheconnectionofhouseholdequipmenttolow-voltageACpowershallnotbeusedinPVarrays.CableTerminationThetermination(bothendterminationsandstraight-throughjoints)ofallcableshastobedonebyaURAregisteredskilledtechnicianusingcableglands,lugs,andferrulesthatareproperlysizedandreputablymade.Thecableglandsshallbeinstalledbydrillingorpunchingappropriatelysizedholesonglandplate.Allunusedholeswillbeclosedusingappropriateplugs.Theglandplatehastoberefittedproperlytoensurethatthepanelsealisverminproof.Thelugsshallbemadeofcopperandcrimpedusingacompression-typecrimpingtool,whilehydrauliccrimpingtoolsshallbeusedforlargercables.Beforecrimping,areputablymadecontactenhancementpastehastobeappliedtothelugs.Theterminationisthencarriedouttoensuretightnessandpropercontactatthepointoftermination.Everyterminationhastobeensuredforpropertightnessofconnectionsaftertermination.EarthingSystemAllexposed,metallic,andconductivepartsofthesystemmustbebondedtogetherandearthedinaccordancewithIEC62548:2016:PVarraydesignrequirementstoavoidunevenpotentialsacrossaninstallation.PVarraybondingconductorsshallberunascloseaspossibletothepositiveandnegativePVarrayandorsub-arrayconductorstoreduceinducedvoltagesduetolightning.TheconductorusedtoearththePVarray’sexposedmetallicframesshallhaveaminimumsizeof6squaremillimeters(mm2)copperoritsequivalent.Ifthearrayexposed-conductivepartisrequiredtobeearthedforlightningprotection,theminimumsizeoftheearthingconductorshallbe16mm2.Theearthingsystemmusthavelessthan1-ohmresistance.Whenrequired,functionalearthinghastobedoneaspertheequipmentmanufacturer’sinstruction.URA’sstandardshavetobefollowedinallearthingrequirements.TechnicalSpecifications,Standards,andInstallationRequirements17MarkingandDangerSignsMarkinganddangersignsinEnglishandthelocallanguagewillbeprovidedforemergencyresponderswithappropriatewarningandguidancesothattheycanworktheirwayaroundthesystemandknowhowtoisolateit.Thiswillfacilitateidentifyingenergizedconductorsorwiresthatconnectthesolarmodulestotheinverter.AsperIEC62548:PVarrays–Designrequirements,allsignsshallbeɂɂindelible,ɂɂlegiblefromatleast0.8meters(m),ɂɂconstructedandaffixedtoremainlegibleforthelifeoftheequipmentitisattachedorrelatedto,andɂɂunderstandablebytheoperators.RecommendedsignagesandlabelingforsolarPVsystemarepresentedinFigure5.Figure5:RecommendedSignageandLabelingforSolarPVSystemTheshutdownprocedureshouldbeonasigngenerallyattheinverterThewordingusedtoidentifythedisconnectorsshouldbeexactlythesameasisusedonthelabelingofthedisconnectorsAsignadjacenttotheinvertermainswitchwith“MainSwitch(InverterSupply)InverterLocatedat”Asignadjacenttomainserviceswitchwith“Mainadjacenttomainserviceswitchwith”Permanentlyandlegiblymarkedwith“SOLARDC”everymetersSigninstalledonPVarrayandPVstringcombinerboxeswith“SOLARDC”and“Liveduringdaylight”Signlocatedinaprominentlocationonthedisconnectorwith“PVarrayDCdisconnector”Signadjacenttotheinverterwith“WarningMultipleDCsourcesTurnoallDCisolatorstoisolateequipment”ForemergencyservicesmaintenanceworkersnetworkoperatorsetcasignindicatingthepresenceofPVattheserviceconnectionpointelectricmeterswitchboardtowhichtheinverterisconnectedSOLARDCCABLESWARNINGMULTIPLESUPPLIESISOLATEALLSUPPLIESBEFOREWORKINGONTHISSWITCHBOARDWARNINGMULTIPLEDCSOURCESTURNOFFALLDCISOLATORSTOISOLATEEQUIPMENTMAINSWITCH(INVERTERSUPPLY)MAINSWITCH(GRIDSUPPLY)INVERTEDLOCATEDONDC=directcurrent,PV=photovoltaic.Source:ProducedbyGlobalSustainableEnergySolutions.18DocumentationRequirementsOncompletionoftherooftopPVsysteminstallation,systemdocumentationistobeprovidedinthetemplatespresentedinthismanual,whichfollowtherequirementsofIEC62446:Part1:Grid-ConnectedPhotovoltaicSystems–Minimumrequirementsforsystemdocumentation,commissioningtestsandinspection;andIEC62446:PVSystems–Requirementsfortesting,documentationandmaintenance–Part2–Grid-connectedsystems–MaintenanceofPVsystems.Theobjectiveistoensurethatkeysystemdataisreadilyavailabletoacustomer,inspector,ormaintenanceengineer.ThefollowingaredocumentsthatmustbesuppliedforeachsysteminstalledasperIEC62446:Part1:1.BasicSystemInformationAsaminimum,thefollowing“nameplate”informationshouldbepresentedonthecoverpageofthesystemdocumentationpack:(i)projectidentificationreference(whereapplicable);(ii)rated(nameplate)systempower(kWDCorkVAAC);(iii)PVmodulesandinverters–manufacturer,model,andquantity;(iv)installationdate;(v)commissioningdate;(vi)customername;(vii)electricalmeterand/orconnectionnumber;and(viii)siteaddress.2.SystemDesignerInformationThisisalistofalltheinformationthatshallbeprovided,asaminimum,forallpartiesresponsibleforthesystemdesign.Whenmorethanonecompanyisresponsibleforthedesignofthesystem,thefollowinginformationshouldbeprovidedforallcompaniestogetherwithadescriptionoftheirroleintheproject:(i)systemdesigner,company;(ii)systemdesigner,contactperson;(iii)systemdesigner,postaladdress,telephonenumber,ande-mailaddress;and(iv)URAlicenseenumber.4DocumentationRequirements193.SystemInstallerInformationThisisalistofalltheinformationthatshallbeprovided,asaminimum,forallpartiesresponsibleforsysteminstallation.Whenmorethanonecompanyisresponsiblefortheinstallationofthesystem,thefollowinginformationshouldbeprovidedforallcompaniestogetherwithadescriptionoftheirroleintheproject:(i)systeminstaller,company;(ii)systeminstaller,contactperson;and(iii)systeminstallerpostaladdress,telephonenumber,ande-mailaddress.4.PlantLayoutDiagramTheplantlayoutdiagramwillincludethefollowing:(i)arraylayoutplan(placementofPVmodules)withdimensions;(ii)locationofallmajorelectricalcomponents;(iii)stringlayoutplanshowingelectricalconnection(strings)overphysicallayout;and(iv)locationoflightingprotectionsystem,ifany.5.DirectCurrentSideSingle-LineDiagramTheDCsidesingle-linediagram(SLD)willincludethefollowing:(i)numberofmodulesineachstring;(ii)numberofstrings;(iii)stringsofarrayandsub-arrays;(iv)stringcablesizeandtype;(v)string–inverterconnectionidentification;(vi)stringovercurrentprotectiondevicespecifications–typeandvoltageorcurrentrating;(vii)arraymaincablespecifications–sizeandtype;(viii)sub-arraycablespecifications–sizeandtype(ifapplicable);(ix)stringcombinerbox;(x)DCswitchdisconnector,location,andrating(voltageorcurrent);(xi)surgeprotectiondevice(SPD)locationandtype;and(xii)earthingconductorsforequipotentialbonding–location,size,andtype.6.AlternatingCurrentSideSingle-LineDiagramTheACsideSLDwillhavethefollowinginformation:(i)connectionatinverter;(ii)theinterconnectionofinverters(formultipleinverters);(iii)ACisolatorlocation,type,andrating;(iv)ACovercurrentprotectivedevicelocation,type,andrating;20InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystems(v)residualcurrentdevicelocation,type,andrating(ifapplicable);(vi)SPDlocationandtype;and(vii)earthingandovervoltageprotection.7.DatasheetsandComponentDesignInformationThedatasheetsanddesigninformationofthefollowingcomponentsshallbeincluded:(i)PVmoduledatasheet,(ii)inverterdatasheet,(iii)stringcombinerbox,and(iv)drawinganddesigninformationformodulemountingstructureandattachmentaccessories.8.TestResultsandCommissioningDataCopiesofallthefollowingtestsandcommissioningdatashallbeprovidedasapartofthedocumentationpack,whichshallincludetheresultsfromthepre-commissioningtestsandcommissioningtests:(i)stringvoltageandcurrent,(ii)stringpolaritytest,(iii)continuitytest,(iv)earthingcontinuityandresistivitytest,(v)anti-islandingfunctionalitytestofinverter(s),(vi)Earth-neutralvoltage,and(vii)associatedmeterreading.9.OperationandMaintenanceInformationOperationandmaintenanceinformationshallincludethefollowingitems:(i)proceduresforverifyingcorrectsystemoperation;(ii)aprocesschecklistincaseofasystemfailure;(iii)emergencyshutdownandisolationprocedures;(iv)maintenanceandcleaningrecommendationsforPVmodules,includingwaterquality;(v)considerationsforanyfuturebuildingworkrelatedtothePVarray;(vi)warrantydocumentationforPVmodulesandinverters;(vii)documentationonanyapplicablequalityorweather-tightnesswarranties;and(viii)documentationofanyemergencysystemsassociatedwiththePVsystem.21WarrantyandGuarantee5No.ItemsTypeofWarrantyorGuaranteeCoverageunderWarrantyorGuaranteeMinimumCoveragePeriod1Photovoltaic(PV)modulesMaterialwarrantyDefectsand/orfailuresduetomanufacturingand/ormaterials,includingpotential-induceddegradation(PID)defectandnonconformitytospecificationsduetofaultymanufacturingand/orinspectionprocessesUntil10yearsfromthedateofinstallationPerformancewarrantyMinimum95%poweroutputatstandardtestconditionsAttheendof5yearsfromthedateofinstallationMinimum80%poweroutputatstandardtestconditionsAttheendof25yearsfromthedateofinstallationMaximum1%degradationOveraperiodof1yearduring25yearsoflife2Grid-connectedinvertersMaterialwarrantyDefectsand/orfailuresduetomanufacturingand/ormaterials,andnonconformitytospecificationsandnationalgridcodesduetofaultymanufacturingand/orinspectionprocesses5yearsfromdateofcommissioningwithprovisionforextensionofwarrantyperiod3PVarraymountingstructureandaccessoriesDesign,materials,fabrication,assembly,andinstallationfaultDefectsand/orfailuresduetodesignfaultand/orfailuresduetomaterials,fabrication,assembly,andinstallation;andnonconformitytospecificationsduetofaultymanufacturingand/orinspectionprocesses10yearsfromdateofcommissioning4AllelectricalandmechanicalcomponentsandaccessoriesusedinthesystemDesign,materials,fabrication,assembly,andinstallationfaultDefectsand/orfailuresduetodesignfaultand/orfailuresduetomaterials,manufacturing,fabrication,assembly,andinstallation;andnonconformitytospecificationsandnationalgridcodesduetofaultymanufacturing,design,installation,and/orinspectionprocesses2yearsfromdateofcommissioning5Electrical,mechanical,andcivilworksQualitywarrantyonelectricalandfiresafetyQualityonsafeinstallationofequipment,fittings,andaccessories;layingofcables,conduits,andcabletrayadequatelyprotectedfromanymechanicaldamage2yearsfromtheaccepteddateofcommissioningoftheproject6TroubleshootingandmaintenanceOperationandmaintenanceAttendtoandrectifyfault,malfunctioningorunexpectedlowperformancewithin60hoursofreporting2yearsfromtheaccepteddateofcommissioningoftheprojectPID=potential-induceddegradation,PV=photovoltaic.22Post-InstallationInspectionandVerificationProcess6GeneralInformationNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseDescription1NameofthesystemownerRecord2SystemlocationRecordPhysicaladdress3GeographiccoordinatesRecordbyGPSatsite4TypeofconsumerResidential/business/institutional/government,etc.5Sanctionedload(kWorkVA)Aspertheelectricitybill6ImplementingagencyRecord7EPCcompany/installerRecord8DateofinstallationRecord9DateandtimeofPVinspectionRecord10Totalenergygenerateduntilthetimeofinspection(kWh)CheckandrecordfrominvertersChecktheinverterdata.Iftherearemultipleinverters,checkallinvertersandaddtothetotal.11Inverterpoweratthetimeofinspection(kW)CheckandrecordChecktheinverterdata.Iftherearemultipleinverters,checkallinvertersandaddtothetotal.12Irradianceatthetimeofinspection(kW/m2)Usesolarirradiancemetertorecord13Temperatureofinverteratthetimeofinspection(indegreesC)UseinfraredtemperaturemeterorcameraandrecordChecktheoperatingtemperatureoftheinverterandcheckifthecoolingfanisworkingorventilationisblockedforeachinverter.Checkallinverters.14NameoftheinspectorC=Celsius;EPC=engineering,procurement,andconstruction;GPS=GlobalPositioningSystem;kVA=kilovolt-ampere;kW=kilowatt;kWh=kilowatt‑hour;m2=squaremeter;PV=photovoltaic.Post-InstallationInspectionandVerificationProcess23PVModuleInformationNo.ParametersMethodToolstoUseDescriptionofFindings1Makeandmodelnumber�Visual�Takephoto2Typeofcell�Visual�Takephoto3ModulenameplateinformationɃɃReadandcollectinformationɃɃTakephotoɃɃPmp:ɃɃTolerance:ɃɃVoc:ɃɃIsc:ɃɃVmp:ɃɃImp:4Temperaturecoefficients(C)ɃɃUsedatasheetofPVmoduleɃɃTc(α)forIsc:ɃɃTc(β)forVoc:ɃɃTc(γ)forPmp:5TotalnumberofmodulesɃɃCountandrecordC=Celsius,I=current,mp=maximumpower,oc=opencircuit,P=power,PV=photovoltaic,sc=shortcircuit,T=temperature,V=voltage.InverterInformationNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1MakeandmodelnumberReadandrecordortakephoto2TypeofinverterVisualMicro,string,optimizer,semicentral3NameplateinformationɃɃReadnameplateɃɃTakephotoɃɃUseinverterdatasheetɃɃMaximumDCcapacity:ɃɃMaximumDCinputvoltage:ɃɃNominalACcapacity:ɃɃNominalACvoltageandphase:ɃɃMaximumACoutputcurrent:ɃɃNumberofMPPT:ɃɃMPPTvoltagerange:ɃɃNumberofinputsperMPPT:ɃɃMaximuminputDCcurrent:ɃɃIPrating:ɃɃCertification:4TotalnumberofinvertersinstalledCountandrecordAC=alternatingcurrent,DC=directcurrent,IP=ingressprotectioncode,MPPT=maximumpowerpointtracker.24InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsChecklistforVerificationofDesignandPlanninga.OrientationNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1OrientationandtiltofthePVarrayInclinometer(mobileapp)compassɃɃTilt:ɃɃOrientation:2IsthePVarrayfreefromshadow?SolarpathfinderandcameraɃɃLocationaffectedbyshadow:ɃɃObjectcreatingshadow:ɃɃMonthsofshadow:ɃɃTimeofshadow:3Measureinter-rowspacingMeasuringtapeɃɃDistancebetweenclosestpointbetweentworows:ɃɃDimensionofrow:H(min),H(max)4AnyobjectclosetothearraythatcreatesshadowMeasuringtape,distancemeter,orcameraɃɃTypeofobject:ɃɃLocationoftheobject:ɃɃHeightoftheobject:ɃɃDistancefromnearestpointonPVarray:H=height,PV=photovoltaic.b.StringInformationNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1NumberofmodulesinonestringCountandrecord2TotalnumberofstringsconnectedtooneinverterCountatDCCBorinverter3Numberofoptimizersconnectedtooneinverter(ifapplicable)CountandrecordApplicableoptimizer-basedinverter4RemotemonitoringsystemObserveandrecordɃɃMakeandmodel:ɃɃTypeofcommunicationport:ɃɃMediumofcommunication:DCCB=directcurrentcombinerbox.Post-InstallationInspectionandVerificationProcess25c.DirectCurrentandAlternatingCurrentCableSizingNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1DCandACSLDCollectSLDUseseparatesheettodrawDCandACSLD2Stringcablesize(mm2)Readandrecord3Arraycablessize(DCCBtoinverter)(mm2)Readandrecord4DCcableroutelength(fromarraytoinverter,m)Measure5ACcablesize(invertertoACDB/ACCB,mm2)Readandrecord6PlacementofstringsaccordingtoshadowprofileandorientationofplanObserveandrecordIfthearrayisaffectedbyshadow,confirmwhetherstringsarearrangedtominimizeshadowlossAC=alternatingcurrent,ACCB=ACcombinerbox,ACDB=ACdistributionbox,DC=directcurrent,DCCB=DCcombinerbox,m=meter,mm2=squaremillimeter,SLD=singlelinediagram.d.SystemProtectionforOverCurrentandOverVoltageNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1Fuseratings(A)ReadandrecordɃɃTypeandratings2SPDtype(T-1orT-2)ReadandrecordɃɃTypeandratings3DCisolatorrating(A)ReadandrecordɃɃTypeandratings4LightningprotectionsystemObserveandrecordtakephotoɃɃCheckifanLPSisinstalledɃɃIfyes,checkthetypeofLPSCommentsondesignandplanning:A=ampere,DC=directcurrent,LPS=lightningprotectionsystem,SPD=surgeprotectiondevice.26InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsChecklistforVerificationofElectricalandFireSafetya.ElectricalSafetyNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1EarthingcontinuityforequipotentialbondingMultimeterɃɃCheckcontinuityofeachsegmentofconductorconnectingtheearthpit2Typeandsizeofearthingcable/stripObserveandrecord3ConditionofearthingconductorObserveandrecordɃɃObserveifthereisrustandpoorconnection/jointsontheearthconductorthatcanpotentiallydisruptthecontinuity4SeparateearthingforDCside,ACside,andLPSObserveandrecord5SystemisolationObserveandrecordɃɃCheckifDCisolatorsareusedforstringcableɃɃCheckifDCisolatorsareusedforarraycableɃɃIsolationbetweeninverterandmainpanel6SignageandwarningsObserveandrecordɃɃConfirmpresenceofwarningsignsforDCcables,isolators,inverters,andshutdownprocedure7LocationoflightningprotectionsystemObserveandrecordTakephotoCommentsonelectricalsafety:AC=alternatingcurrent,DC=directcurrent,LPS=lightningprotectionsystem.Post-InstallationInspectionandVerificationProcess27b.FireSafetyNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1Access,pathways,andsmokeventilationObserveandrecordCheckifthesystemblocksanyfireexit,fireprotectionequipment,pathways,orsmokeventilation2ProtectionoflongDCcablesObserveandrecordIfDCcablesarelongerthan50meters,orterminalsofthecablearenotatthesite,checkifdisconnectorsareinstalledonbothends3ProtectionofDCcable(stringandarraycable)ObserveandrecordɃɃConfirmifstringcablesaretiedproperlyɃɃCheckforanystringcablehangingɃɃCheckifDCcablefromPVarrayisprotectedbyconduitorcabletrayɃɃForconduit,checkifitisUV-stabilizedɃɃCheckifthecabletrayiscoveredɃɃCheckifcabletrayhassharpedgesɃɃCheckforanycablelyingexposedonthefloor4ExposedDCconductorObserveandrecordTakephotoɃɃLookforcabledamageandrecordɃɃLookforcableexposedtosharpmetallicobjectsandrecordɃɃLookforexposureofcablesthatmaybedamagedbyrodentsorsquirrels5LooseconnectionsincablejointsInfraredcameraorinfraredgunCheckthetemperatureofthejointsandrecord6CableglandsObserveandrecordTakephotoObserveforlooseoropencableglands7SignageandwarningsObserveandrecordConfirmpresenceofwarningsignsforDCcables,isolators,inverters,andshutdownprocedureCommentsonfiresafety:DC=directcurrent,PV=photovoltaic,UV=ultraviolet.28InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsChecklistforVerificationofInstallationNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1DistancefromPVarraytoinverter(m)Measure2LocationofinverterCheckandverifyTakephotoɃɃCheckifinverterisinstalledoutdoororindoorɃɃCheckiftheinverterisaccessibleɃɃCheckinverterinstallationheightɃɃConfirmgapbetweeninverterandwallsɃɃCheckifinverteriswell-ventilatedɃɃCheckiftheinvertergetsdirectsunlightɃɃCheckiftheinverterisinstalledinacornerorunderastaircaseɃɃCheckiftheinverterisprotectedbyacoverorbox,andthemakeofthecoverorbox3Inverteroperatingtemperature(C)MeasureandrecordɃɃCheckoperatingtemperatureoftheinverterandrecord;ifthereismorethanoneinverterrecordoperatingtemperatureofallinverters4DCstringcombinerboxCheckandverifyTakephotoɃɃCheckdistancefromthePVarrayɃɃCheckdistancefromtheinverterɃɃConfirmlocation(outdoororindoor)ɃɃCheckheightfromthefloororgroundɃɃConfirmprotectionfromrain5ACcombinerboxCheckandverifyTakephotoɃɃCheckdistancefromtheinverterɃɃCheckdistancefrommaingridpanelɃɃConfirmlocation(outdoororindoor)ɃɃCheckheightfromthefloororgroundɃɃConfirmprotectionfromrain6CableroutingandconduitObserveandrecordɃɃCheckifconduitsorcabletrayareintactandUV-protectedɃɃCheckifthereisanycablenotprotectedbyconduitorcabletray7GridinstabilityandsetpointsofinvertersInterviewtheownerUsestopwatchɃɃAskownerifthereisunstable(verylowandveryhigh)gridvoltageɃɃPerformantiislandingandfunctionalitytestcontinuedonnextpagePost-InstallationInspectionandVerificationProcess29No.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings8ProvisionandarrangementforsystemaccessibilityformaintenanceObserveandrecordɃɃCheckifPVmodulesareaccessibleforcleaningɃɃCheckifwaterisaccessibleforcleaningofPVmodulesɃɃCheckiftheinvertercanbeaccessedformaintenanceCommentsoninstallation:AC=alternatingcurrent,C=Celsius,DC=directcurrent,m=meter,PV=photovoltaic,UV=ultraviolet.ChecklistforVerificationofModuleMountingStructureNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1Heightofbuilding(m)Estimate2TypeofmountingstructureObserveandrecordCheckmountingstructure(e.g.,ballasttype,racking,flushmount,carporttyperaisedstructure,etc.)3TypeofmoduleattachmenttothemountingstructureObserveandrecordCheckthetypeoffixingaccessoriesusedtofixmodules(e.g.,clamps,nutandbolt,clip)4Sizeofthemodulestable(L[m]xW[m])CountandrecordCheckthesizeofthemodulestableanditslayout(e.g.,landscape/portrait)5HeightofPVarrayfromthebase(m)MeasureɃɃMaximumheightfromthebase:ɃɃMinimumheightfromthebase:6SurroundingterrainoftheplantsideObserveCheckwhetherthesurroundingareaisopenorobstructedbyotherbuildingsorstructures7Effectivewindarea(L[m]xH[m])CalculateChecktheexposedareaverticaltothewindflow(measurelengthofthetableexposedtowindandmultiplybytheheightfromthebasewherestructureisinstalled)8MaterialofmountingstructureObserveandrecordCheckmaterialused(e.g.,galvanizedironoraluminum)continuedonnextpageContinued30InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid‑ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings9Sizeofconcreteblockused(L[m]xH[m]xW[m])Measure10Thicknessofstructure(mm)VerniercaliperɃɃCheckthicknessofpurlinɃɃCheckthicknessofrafter11Thicknessofcoating(µm)UltrasonicthicknessgaugeMeasurein3to4locationsofpurlinandrafter12StructuralintegrityObserveandrecordTorquewrenchɃɃCheckforanylooseordetachedcomponentinthestructureɃɃChecktheclampnutsfortightness13CorrosionObserveandrecordCheckifanypartofthestructureiscorrodedCommentsonthemountingstructure:H=height,L=length,m=meter,mm=millimeter,µm=micron,PV=photovoltaic,W=width.ChecklistforVerificationofOperationandMaintenanceNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1CleaningpracticeAsktheownerɃɃMethodofcleaning:DryorwetɃɃFrequencyofcleaning:ɃɃToolsusedforcleaning:ɃɃCleaningpractices(e.g.,steppingonthemodule,usingdetergent,removingbirddroppings)2SourceofcleaningwaterAsktheownerSource:3Hardnessofwaterusedformodulecleaning(ppm)UseTDSmetertomeasureHardnessinppm:4TypeandqualityofscrubberusedObserveandrecordcontinuedonnextpageContinuedPost-InstallationInspectionandVerificationProcess31No.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings5AppearanceofPVmodulesObserveandrecordɃɃCheckifthemoduleglasslooksdullɃɃObserveanyarcdamageɃɃCheckfordepositsofdirtontheedgesandcornersofthemodules6VentilationofinverterObserveandrecord7Operatingtemperatureofinverter(indegreesC)Infraredcameraorinfraredgun8AvailabilityofO&MmanualsAsktheownerandverify9AvailabilityofremotemonitoringsystemObserveandrecord10SystemmaintenanceworkAsktheowner11ReportsofanymajorbreakdownofthesystemsinceitsinstallationAsktheowner12WarrantyforPVmodulesWarrantydocumentsReviewdocumentandconfirm13WarrantyforinverterWarrantydocumentsReviewdocumentandconfirm14WarrantyforstructureWarrantydocumentsReviewdocumentandconfirm15WarrantyforelectricalitemsWarrantydocumentsReviewdocumentandconfirmCommentsonoperationandmaintenance:C=Celsius,O&M=operationandmaintenance,ppm=partspermillion,PV=photovoltaic,TDS=totaldissolvedsolids.Continued32PhotovoltaicSystemPerformanceEvaluation7System-LevelPerformanceEvaluationNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1InstantaneousPRmeasurement([PoweroutputfrominverterinkW÷DCcapacityofplantinkW]x[1,000Watt/m2÷MeasuredsolarirradianceinWatt/m2]).BothinverterpowerandsolarirradianceshouldbemeasuredatthesameinstanceRecordcalculationaspertheformula2LongdurationPRestimation(Energydeliveredbytheinverterfor#numberofdays÷[#numberofdaysxaveragedailyPSHforthosedaysxDCcapacityofplant])Recordcalculationaspertheformula3Specificyield(kWh/kWp/day)(Energydeliveredbytheinverterfor#numberofdays÷[#numberofdaysxDCcapacityofplant])4Capacityutilizationfactor(CUF)forACcapacity(Specificyield[kWh/kWp/day]÷[24xACcapacityofplant])5LossofperformanceduetogridoutageAsktheownerandestimateCommentsonsystemperformance:AC=alternatingcurrent,DC=directcurrent,kW=kilowatt,kWh=kilowatt-hour,kWp=kilowatt-peak,m2=squaremeter,PR=performanceratio,PSH=peaksun-hours.PhotovoltaicSystemPerformanceEvaluation33DiagnosticPerformanceEvaluationNo.ParametersMethod/ToolstoUseFindings1AppearanceofPVmodulesObserveandrecordɃɃCheckforanychangeincolororbrowningofmodules(partialorfull)ɃɃCheckforanysnailtrailsɃɃCheckforanyvisiblecracksormarksonthemodule2BrokenmoduleCountandrecordCheckforanybrokenmodulesinthesystem3ModulebacksheetqualityObserveandrecordInfraredcameraɃɃObserveifthereareanybubblesorunevensurfacesonthebacksheetɃɃObserveisthereisuneventemperatureonthebacksheet4InstallationpracticeInterviewwiththeownerCheckiftheinstallersteppedonthemoduleswhileinstallingthem5InfraredimagingInfraredcameraTakephotoTakeinfraredimageofmoduleswhenanyoneoftheissuesmentionedinitems1,2,3,and4aboveisconfirmed6StringlevelperformanceUseacurrentvoltagecurve(I-V)tracertomeasurestringlevelperformanceUsestringlevelI-Vcurvetracingtoconfirmfordefectsinoneormoremodulesinthestring7ModulelevelperformanceUseanI-VtracertomeasuremodulelevelperformanceUsemodulelevelI-Vcurvetracingtoconfirmfordefectsinthetestedmodule8Electroluminescence(EL)testingELcameraɃɃIdentifymoduleswithhotspotɃɃConductELtestforoneortwomodulesthatarehavingseverehotspotCommentsonsystemdiagnosticperformanceevaluation:I-V=current-voltage,PV=photovoltaic.34PreventiveMaintenanceAdvisory8ThefollowingtableprovidesfrequencyandadvisoryforpreventivemaintenanceworkofrooftopPVplant.Table:PreventiveMaintenanceAdvisoryMaintenanceWorkFrequencyAdvisorySecuringthepowerplantDay-to-dayOwnershallkeepthesitesecuredanddebartrespassingofunauthorizedpersonsontherooforterracewheresolararraysandinvertersareinstalledCleaningthesolarPVpanelsBi-weeklyormonthly(dependingondustlevel)Pressurizedwatersupplyandcleaningtools(e.g.,flexiblepipes,nozzle)shallbemadeavailableattherequiredpointsontheroofTrainedpersonnelshallbedeployedforcleaningthesolararraysregularlyMonitoringpowergenerationandexportDailyorweekly(canbedoneremotely)OwnershallbetrainedandencouragedtomonitorsystemoutputandperformanceregularlyKeepingtheinverterscleanQuarterlyOnlyqualifiedtechniciansshallconductthefollowinginspectionofinvertersevery3months:ɃɃCheckcoolingfansɃɃCleandustandblockageinfiltersɃɃCheckfusesɃɃChecksurgeprotectionɃɃThermographyinspectionEnsuringallelectricalconnectionsarekeptcleanandtightBi-annuallyOnlyqualifiedtechniciansshallcarryoutinspectionandtidyingupofcablesevery6monthsCheckingmechanicalintegrityofthearraystructureAnnuallyOnlycompetentpersonnelshallcarryoutinspectionandtakeremedialactionasandwhenneededCheckingallcablingformechanicaldamageAnnuallyOnlycompetenttechniciansshallcarryoutinspectionandtakeremedialactionasandwhenneededcontinuedonnextpagePreventiveMaintenanceAdvisory35MaintenanceWorkFrequencyAdvisoryMonitoringmoduleperformance(e.g.,checkingoutputvoltageandcurrentofeachstringofthearrayandcomparingwiththeexpectedoutputunderexistingconditions)AnnuallyOnlyqualifiedpersonnelshallcarryoutthefollowingtestsandtakeremedialactionasandwhenneeded:ɃɃVisualinspectionɃɃIRimagingɃɃI-VcurvetracingɃɃELtestifrequiredCheckingtheoperationofthePVarrayDCisolatorelectricalswitchboards(DCCBandACCB)AnnuallyOnlyqualifiedpersonnelshallcarryoutthefollowinginspectionandtakeremedialactionasandwhenneeded:ɃɃIntegritycheckandcleaningɃɃCheckfusestatusɃɃChecksurgeprotectionstatusɃɃCheckintegrityofcablesandstateofterminalsɃɃThermographyinspectionCablesDC,AC,CommunicationAnnuallyOnlyqualifiedpersonnelshallcarryoutthefollowinginspectionandtakeremedialactionasandwhenneeded:ɃɃThermographyinspectionɃɃIntegrityordamageinspectionɃɃCableterminalinspectionModulemountingstructureAnnuallyOnlyqualifiedpersonnelshallcarryoutthefollowinginspectionandtakeremedialactionasandwhenneeded:ɃɃChecktighteningofclampsandnutsandboltsɃɃCheckforrustingorotherdamagetoantirustcoatingAC=alternatingcurrent,ACCB=ACcombinerbox,DC=directcurrent,DCCB=DCcombinerbox,EL=electroluminescence,I-V=current-voltage,IR=infrared,PV=photovoltaic.Source:Producedbytheauthor.Continued36ThisagreementissignedbetweentheServiceProviderandConsumeraccordingtoArticle10(d)ofthe“Regulationforconnectingrenewableenergysystemstotheelectricitynetworkonanetmeteringbasis2020,”RegulationNumber2020/R-46.Thisagreementismadebetween____________________(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Consumer”)and____________________________(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“ServiceProvider”)toconnecttherenewableenergysysteminstalledin____________________________totheServiceProvider’snetworkinaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsofthisagreement.1.0SysteminstalledbytheConsumer1.1AccountnumberassignedtotheConsumerbytheServiceProvider:1.2IdentificationnumberassignedtothesystembyServiceProvider:1.3Addresswherethesystemisinstalled(includingGPScoordinates):1.4Systemtechnologytype:1.5Ratedcapacityofinstalledsystem:1.6Estimatedannualtotalofmaximumelectricitygeneratingcapacityofthesystem:1.7DateofcompletionofinstallationandconnectiontotheServiceProvider’snetwork:2.0Technicalspecificationsofthephotovoltaic(PV)system2.1Thesysteminstalledmustbedesigned,installed,commissioned,andoperatedincompliancewiththeMaldivesUtilityRegulatoryAuthority’s“Regulationforconnectingrenewableenergysystemstotheelectricitynetworkonanetmeteringbasis2020.”2.2AnymodificationtotheregisteredsystemorincreaseintheregisteredratedcapacityofthesystemshallbealloweduponobtainingawrittenapprovalfromtheServiceProvider.3.0MeteringandbillingTheelectricitygeneratedfromtheinstalledsystemandtheelectricityusedinthepremiseswheretheSystemisinstalledmustbemeteredandbilledaccordingtotheMaldivesUtilityRegulatoryAuthority’s“Regulationforconnectingrenewableenergysystemstotheelectricitynetworkonanetmeteringbasis2020.”Grid-ConnectedPHOTOVOLTAICSystemConnectionAgreementAPPENDIX1Appendixes374.0Reductionortemporarysuspensionofelectricitygeneration4.1Theserviceprovidermay,underthefollowingcircumstances,requesttoreduceortemporarilysuspendelectricitygenerationfromtheinstalledsystem.4.2Duringinstallation,maintenance,modification,removal,andtroubleshootingoftheServiceProvider’selectricitynetwork,OR4.3Duringanemergency,ortopreventanydamagetotheConsumerandotherpartiesusingtheservicesoftheServiceProviderresultingfromadisaster,OR4.4IntheeventofservicedegradationtotheServiceProvider’scustomers,inconveniencetothegeneralpublic,goodsandotheramenities,andthestabilityofServiceProvider’selectricitynetworkresultingfromparalleloperation,theServiceProvidermayrequesttheConsumertoimmediatelydisconnecttheservice.ReconnectionoftheserviceshallbeallowedbytheServiceProvideroncethesituationimproves.4.5IftheServiceProviderrequiressuspensionofthesystemoperationsinaccordancewiththisarticle,apriornoticeshouldbegiventotheConsumertoprovidesufficienttimeforaction.TheConsumermustalsobeinformedofthedurationofsuspensionorthereductionofelectricitygenerationofthesystemifsuchinformationisavailablebeforehand.5.0Permissionofentrytothepremiseswherethesystemisinstalled5.1TheServiceProvidermay,withoutpriornotice,enterthepremiseswherethePVsystemisinstalledduringsociallyacceptablehoursunderthefollowingcircumstances.5.1.1Totestandverifythesystem’ssafetyortakemeterreadingsortestanyothersystemcomponentsOR5.1.2TotakeanyimmediateactionnecessarytoensurethesafetyofthepersonsortopreventanydamagecausedtotheConsumerortheServiceProvider’snetworkduetomalfunctionsinthesafetycomponentsoftheinstalledsystem.6.0EntireagreementThisagreementsupersedesanyandallotherpriorunderstandingsandagreements,eitheroralorinwriting,betweenthepartieswithrespecttothesubjectmatterhereofandconstitutesthesoleandonlyagreementbetweenthepartieswithrespecttothesaidsubjectmatter.7.0TermofagreementThisagreementshallremaininforceunlessterminatedbytheagreementoftheparties.8.0Terminationofagreement8.1ThisagreementwillbeterminateduponterminationoftheserviceagreementbetweentheServiceProviderandtheConsumer.8.2ThisagreementwillbeterminatediftheConsumerfailstocomplywiththefinalnoticeissuedbytheServiceProviderintheeventtheConsumerbreachesanarticleofthisagreement.8.3TheConsumershallrelocatetheinstalledsystemuponsigningofanewagreementwiththeServiceProvider.8.4ThiscontractwillbeterminatedshouldtheConsumerwishtodecommissiontheinstalledsystem.38Appendixes9.0Revisionstotheagreement9.1ShouldtheServiceProviderwishtoreviseanyarticleofthisagreement,theymaysubmitarequesttotheMaldivesUtilityRegulatoryAuthoritywithappropriatejustification(s)forsuchchange.9.2TheServiceProviderandtheConsumershallagreetoanyrevisionissuedbytheMaldivesUtilityRegulatoryAuthorityPursuanttoArticle9.1ofthisagreement,onthedayofissuanceoftherevision,whichthereuponshallformpartofthisagreement.10.0Notices10.0Anynotice,document,requestorannouncementrequiredorpermittedtobegivenunderthisagreementshallbeinDhivehilanguage,andisdeemeddulygivenandsufficientifeitherdeliveredinperson,orsentbyregisteredmail,orsentbyfacsimiletoaregisteredfacsimilenumberofthereceivedthathasbeenpublishedinpublic.10.1AllwrittennoticesrequiredbythisagreementunderArticle10.1shallconsidertheaddressesindicatedbelowortosuchaddressesthatthepartiesmaysubsequentlygivesuchnoticeofunderArticle10.1ofthisagreement.AddressoftheServiceProvider:AddressoftheConsumer:11.0TransferofownershipTheConsumershalltransfertheownershipofthepermitissuedbytheServiceProvideruponobtainingawrittenapprovalfromtheServiceProviderandinaccordancewithanagreementbetweentheServiceProviderandtheConsumertotransfertheownership.12.0SeverabilityofarticlesIfanarticleinthisagreementisdeclaredbyacompetentcourtofjurisdictiontobeillegal,invalid,orincapableofbeingenforcedunderthejurisdictionofMaldives,itshallinnowayaffectthevalidityorenforceabilityofotherarticlesofthisagreement,andtheremainingarticlesshallbedeemedlegal,valid,andenforceableunderthejurisdictionofMaldives.13.0SigningofagreementINWITNESSHEREOF,thisagreementissignedbetweentheServiceProviderandtheConsumer,uponthetermsandsubjecttotheconditionssetforthherein,onthedatehereof,tofulfiltheobligationsofthisagreement.ServiceProvider:Consumer:Source:MinistryofEnvironment.2020.NetMeteringRegulation2020(RegulationNo:2020/R-46of2020).https://www.environment.gov.mv/v2/en/download/10506.39EquipmentrequiredforinspectionAPPENDIX2No.NameofEquipment,Tools,and/orSoftwarePurposeofUse1SolarpathfinderProvidesshadowanalysisonsite2InfraredcameraProvidesthermalimagingofPVmodules,electricalcontacts3Electroluminescencetester(camera)[onlyforqualifiedtrainedpersonnel]Provideselectroluminescentimageofmoduletodetectmicrocracks,snailtrail,andPIDlossonsamplemodulesafterpreliminarytestofthermalimageandI-Vtracing4I-VTracer[onlyforqualifiedtrainedpersonnel]TracesI-VcurveofPVmodulesfordegradationtest5OrdinarycameraCapturesimagesofvisualinspection6EarthresistancetesterMeasuresresistancewithearthforequipotentialbondingandfunctionalearthing7InsulationtesterChecksinsulationofcables8IrradiancemeterMeasuressolarirradiance(watt/m2)9MultimeterCheckscontinuityandvoltage10DCclampmeterMeasuresvoltageandcurrent11StopwatchTestsantiislandfunctionality12UltrasonicthicknessgaugeMeasuresthicknessofprotectivecoating13TorquetesterorwrenchMeasuresintegrityofstructure14DigitaldistancemeterMeasuresdistancewithouttouchingsurfaces15TotaldissolvedsolidsmeterTestswaterhardnessatsiteDC=directcurrent,I-V=currentvoltage,m2=squaremeters,PID=potential-induceddegradation,PV=photovoltaic.Source:Producedbytheauthor.40Atypicalconnectiondiagramforgrid-connectedPHOTOVOLTAICsystemwithstringinverterAPPENDIX3AC=alternatingcurrent,ACDB=ACdistributionboard,DC=directcurrent,MC4=multi-contact4millimeters,MCB=miniaturecircuitbreaker,PV=photovoltaic,SPD=surgeprotectiondevice.Source:ProducedbytheGlobalSustainableEnergySolutions(GSES)accordingtotheregulationsofMaldives.41Atypicalconnectiondiagramforgrid‑connectedPhotovoltaicsystemwithmicroinverterAPPENDIX4AC=alternatingcurrent.Source:ProducedbytheGlobalSustainableEnergySolutions(GSES)accordingtotheregulationsofMaldives.InstallationandOperationsManualforMaldives’Grid-ConnectedRooftopPhotovoltaicSystemsThismanualaimstosupporttheimplementationofgrid-connectedrooftopphotovoltaic(PV)projectsintheRepublicofMaldives.Itprovidesinformationtoassistutilityengineersandrooftopsolarserviceproviderswiththeinstallation,operation,andmaintenanceofgrid-connectedsolarPVsystems,andreflectsthelatestindustrybestpractices.IthighlightstheimportanceofobservingsafetyrequirementswhendealingwithalltheelementsofanewPVsystem.AbouttheAsianDevelopmentBankADBiscommittedtoachievingaprosperous,inclusive,resilient,andsustainableAsiaandthePacific,whilesustainingitseortstoeradicateextremepoverty.Establishedin,itisownedbymembers—fromtheregion.Itsmaininstrumentsforhelpingitsdevelopingmembercountriesarepolicydialogue,loans,equityinvestments,guarantees,grants,andtechnicalassistance.ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANKADBAvenue,MandaluyongCityMetroManila,Philippineswww.adb.org