图8: Tesla Semi 单车带电量 500/800kwh,充电功率突破 1000kw ............................................................................................ 8
图9: “光储充换”一体化互补型智慧能源系统 ............................................................................................................................. 9
图10: 光储充换一体化补能站,是长期发展趋势 ....................................................................................................................... 9
图11: 2020 年,重卡保有量仅占机动车保有量 3.1% ................................................................................................................. 9
图12: 2020 年,重卡碳排放占到全部汽车的 38.99%................................................................................................................. 9
图13: 2021 年,3%的重卡保有量贡献了 76.1%NOx 和51.5%PM 等污染物的排放 ............................................................. 10
图14: 乘用车换电站单站投资约 491 万 ..................................................................................................................................... 11
图15: 重卡换电站单站投资额约 915 万 ..................................................................................................................................... 11
图16: 换电重卡主要应用场景,包括钢厂、矿山、港口、电厂、干线等 ................................................................................ 12
图17: 应用于 500KM 以下细分场景的重卡比例为 53%,有望向干线加速渗透 .................................................................. 12
图18: 2022 年我国重卡销量 67.2 万辆,保有量 839 万辆 ....................................................................................................... 13
图19: 换电重卡 2022 年销量同比增长 287.5% ......................................................................................................................... 14
图20: 2022 年换电重卡占比 49.4%,12 月为 63% ................................................................................................................... 14
图21: 当年新能源重卡渗透率接近 2018 年乘用车水平 ........................................................................................................... 14
图22: 2022 年新能源重卡占比 3.73%,有望加速渗透............................................................................................................. 14
图23: 预计国内换电重卡销量有望在 2025 年/2030 年分别达到 10.37 万/35.52 万 ................................................................ 15
图24: 2016-2021 年国内出租车存量稳定在 140 万左右 ........................................................................................................... 15
图25: 截止 2022 年底,网约车存量约 211.8 万辆 .................................................................................................................... 15
图26: 至2022 年底,各类换电车型共 29 万辆接入系统 ......................................................................................................... 16
图27: 截止 2023 年1月,私家车占据 55%换电乘用车 ........................................................................................................... 16
图28: 奥动已布局 800 座换电站,覆盖 54 个城市 ................................................................................................................... 18
图29: 5.0 换电站,集合“换电-储能-闪充”一体化 .................................................................................................................... 18
图30: 截止 2023 年3月,蔚来已建成 1339 座换电站 ............................................................................................................. 19
图31: 换电站与超充桩同步部署,实现充换一体 ..................................................................................................................... 19
图32: 三代站电池仓位增至 21 个,服务能力提升 30% ........................................................................................................... 19
图33: 搭载激光雷达和 Orin 芯片,总算力达 508TOPS ........................................................................................................... 19
图34: 截止 2022 年6月,蔚来用户加电总量中,选择换电场景超过了 50% ....................................................................... 20
图35: 2022 年9月,DeepWay 工装 B样车下线 ....................................................................................................................... 20
图36: 已启动多个场景试运营,2023 年6月将正式量产 ........................................................................................................ 20
图37: 正向设计纯电平台,风阻系数仅 0.35............................................................................................................................. 21
图38: 采用底部换电设计,货箱容积率提升 9.6% ................................................................................................................... 21
图39: DeepWay 底部换电站,6分钟即可完成重卡换电 ......................................................................................................... 21
图40: 2022 年8月,全路程京东物流换电轻卡投入运行 ........................................................................................................ 22
图41: 2023 年3月,全路程首批换电轻卡交付菜鸟物流 ........................................................................................................ 22
图42: 巧克力换电小而高能,自由组合,极简设计 ................................................................................................................. 23
图43: 快换站具有占地小、流通快、容量大、全气候 ............................................................................................................. 23
图44: 2018-2021 年,8-12 万价格带销量占比最高 .................................................................................................................. 23
图45: 8-12 万价格带燃油车占比最高、纯电车占比最低 ......................................................................................................... 23
图46: 福田汽车交付中国首个换电重卡商业化场景 ................................................................................................................. 24
图47: 国家电投参与了福田重卡换电站建设............................................................................................................................. 24
图48: 模块化设计,自由组合 140kwh-600kwh 带电量 ............................................................................................................ 25
图49: MTB 技术,将模组直接集成到车辆支架/底盘 .............................................................................................................. 25
图50: 隐山资本领投三一重卡近 10 亿元 A轮 .......................................................................................................................... 25
图51: 隐山资本领投远程超 3亿美元 Pre-A轮 ......................................................................................................................... 25
图52: 宁普时代宁德 1号电动重卡换电站 ................................................................................................................................. 26
图53: 宁普时代计划在福建投入 4座干线重卡换电站 ............................................................................................................. 26
图54: 远程以城市商用车为主,兼顾公路商用车 ..................................................................................................................... 26
图55: 充换电一体式设计,可实现 3—5 分钟快速换电 ........................................................................................................... 26
图56: 阳光茗岛换电站提供 5分钟换电的高效运营保障 ......................................................................................................... 27
图57: 截止 2022 年底,阳光茗岛已布局 60 座换电站 ............................................................................................................. 27
图58: 睿蓝 7座换电 SUV,车电分离起售价 10.99 万元 ......................................................................................................... 27
图59: 吉利旗下易易唤能换电站可实现 60 秒极速换电 ........................................................................................................... 27
图60: 枫叶 60S 为曹操出行第二款换电车型 ............................................................................................................................ 28
图61: 枫叶 80V 换电车型可实现 60 秒极速换电 ...................................................................................................................... 28