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Clean Energy

Transitions

Programme

Annual Report 2022

The IEA examines the

full spectrum

of energy issues

including oil, gas and

coal supply and

demand, renewable

energy technologies,

electricity markets,

energy efficiency,

access to energy,

demand side

management and

much more. Through

its work, the IEA

advocates policies that

will enhance the

reliability, affordability

and sustainability of

energy in its

31 member countries,

11 association countries

and beyond.

This publication and any

map included herein are

without prejudice to the

status of or sovereignty over

any territory, to the

delimitation of international

frontiers and boundaries and

to the name of any territory,

city or area.

Source: IEA.

International Energy Agency

Website: www.iea.org

IEA member

countries:

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Korea

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Mexico

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Slovak Republic

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Republic of Türkiye

United Kingdom

United States

The European

Commission also

participates in the

work of the IEA

IEA association

countries:

Argentina

Brazil

China

Egypt

India

Indonesia

Morocco

Singapore

South Africa

Thailand

Ukraine

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY

AGENCY

Clean Energy Transitions Programme Abstract

Annual Report 2022

PAGE | 3

I EA. CC BY 4.0.

Abstract

In the five years since its launch, the Clean Energy Transitions Programme

(CETP) has become the largest and most important programme at the

International Energy Agency (IEA). It has been the main vehicle through which the

IEA has established, deepened and strengthened partnerships with major non-

member countries – those countries that are at the forefront of the clean energy

transition. The programme has also played a crucial role in enabling the IEA to

strengthen its global leadership role in clean energy transitions at a pace and scale

that would otherwise not have been possible, with great benefit to the

programme’s focus countries and IEA member countries alike.

This CETP Annual Report 2022 provides an overview of the programme’s major

achievements in the last year. During this time, the CETP has driven forward an

ambitious and impactful agenda, even as the world has contended with multiple

overlapping crises. As just some examples, the CETP delivered the Energy Sector

Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia, which ministers strongly welcomed

at the G20, and has played a key role in shaping Indonesia’s landmark Just Energy

Transition Partnership (JETP). Similarly, the IEA has been able to take its

engagement to a whole new level with various African countries, such as with its

first-ever report on the Clean Energy Transitions in the Greater Horn of Africa, and

provided policy advice that was directly accepted into China’s latest five-year plan.

More broadly, it has also supported strategically important work on critical

minerals, energy employment and clean energy investment. Overall, the CETP’s

combination of data, insight, advice and capacity building is making a strong

positive contribution to advancing clean energy transitions around the world – with

a focus on emerging and developing economies.

Finally, the CETP Annual Report 2022 also provides an overview of the

programme’s objectives, governance and strategic framework, as well as new

developments related to the Joint Commitment of the Funders adopted at the IEA

Ministerial Meeting in March 2022.

/146

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CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeAnnualReport2022TheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,11associationcountriesandbeyond.Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Source:IEA.InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgIEAmembercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesTheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAassociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaMoroccoSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeAbstractAnnualReport2022PAGE3IEA.CCBY4.0.AbstractInthefiveyearssinceitslaunch,theCleanEnergyTransitionsProgramme(CETP)hasbecomethelargestandmostimportantprogrammeattheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA).IthasbeenthemainvehiclethroughwhichtheIEAhasestablished,deepenedandstrengthenedpartnershipswithmajornon-membercountries–thosecountriesthatareattheforefrontofthecleanenergytransition.TheprogrammehasalsoplayedacrucialroleinenablingtheIEAtostrengthenitsgloballeadershiproleincleanenergytransitionsatapaceandscalethatwouldotherwisenothavebeenpossible,withgreatbenefittotheprogramme’sfocuscountriesandIEAmembercountriesalike.ThisCETPAnnualReport2022providesanoverviewoftheprogramme’smajorachievementsinthelastyear.Duringthistime,theCETPhasdrivenforwardanambitiousandimpactfulagenda,evenastheworldhascontendedwithmultipleoverlappingcrises.Asjustsomeexamples,theCETPdeliveredtheEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia,whichministersstronglywelcomedattheG20,andhasplayedakeyroleinshapingIndonesia’slandmarkJustEnergyTransitionPartnership(JETP).Similarly,theIEAhasbeenabletotakeitsengagementtoawholenewlevelwithvariousAfricancountries,suchaswithitsfirst-everreportontheCleanEnergyTransitionsintheGreaterHornofAfrica,andprovidedpolicyadvicethatwasdirectlyacceptedintoChina’slatestfive-yearplan.Morebroadly,ithasalsosupportedstrategicallyimportantworkoncriticalminerals,energyemploymentandcleanenergyinvestment.Overall,theCETP’scombinationofdata,insight,adviceandcapacitybuildingismakingastrongpositivecontributiontoadvancingcleanenergytransitionsaroundtheworld–withafocusonemerginganddevelopingeconomies.Finally,theCETPAnnualReport2022alsoprovidesanoverviewoftheprogramme’sobjectives,governanceandstrategicframework,aswellasnewdevelopmentsrelatedtotheJointCommitmentoftheFundersadoptedattheIEAMinisterialMeetinginMarch2022.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeTableofcontentsAnnualReport2022PAGE4IEA.CCBY4.0.TableofcontentsCETPin2022–alandmarkyear.............................................................................................5OverviewoftheCETPin2022...............................................................................................13IntroductiontotheCETP.......................................................................................................13JointCommitment.................................................................................................................14StrategicFramework.............................................................................................................14CETPdeliveryandgovernance............................................................................................16PillarI–Acceleratingnationaltransitions..........................................................................18India.......................................................................................................................................18Indonesia...............................................................................................................................28SoutheastAsia......................................................................................................................37China.....................................................................................................................................47Brazil.....................................................................................................................................57LatinAmerica........................................................................................................................61Africa.....................................................................................................................................68SouthAfrica...........................................................................................................................79MiddleEastandNorthAfrica................................................................................................81PillarII–Multilateralco-ordination......................................................................................85BiofuturePlatform.................................................................................................................85G20........................................................................................................................................88RegulatoryEnergyTransitionAccelerator(RETA)...............................................................91UN-relatedcollaboration.......................................................................................................93PillarIII–Enablingglobalenergydialogue.........................................................................97Dataandstatistics.................................................................................................................98Criticalminerals...................................................................................................................108Digitalisation........................................................................................................................111Energyemploymentandskills............................................................................................117People-centredcleanenergytransitions............................................................................118Energyefficiencytraining....................................................................................................120Energytechnologyandinnovation......................................................................................121Phasingoutcoalemissions................................................................................................125Implementingpoliciesforcleanenergytransitions.............................................................127Privateandpublicsectorinvestment..................................................................................127Reducingmethaneemissions.............................................................................................130Securepowersystemstransformation...............................................................................130CETPcontributiontoIEAflagshipanalysis......................................................................133Funding..................................................................................................................................135Dissemination.......................................................................................................................139Acknowledgements,contributorsandcredits..................................................................141Abbreviations........................................................................................................................143CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPin2022–alandmarkyearAnnualReport2022PAGE5IEA.CCBY4.0.CETPin2022–alandmarkyearInthefiveyearssinceitslaunch,theCleanEnergyTransitionsProgramme(CETP)hasbecomethelargestandmostimportantprogrammeattheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),enablingthedeliveryofworld-classanalysisandpolicyadvicetoacceleratecleanenergytransitionsinemerginganddevelopingeconomiesworldwide.TheCETPworksacrossthreepillars,thefirstbeingthelargest,onnationaltransitions,withapriorityfocusonBrazil,thePeople’sRepublicofChina(hereafter,“China”),India,IndonesiaandSouthAfrica,plusregionalworkacrossLatinAmerica,theMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,sub-SaharanAfricaandSoutheastAsia.ThesecondpillarcontainstheCETP’sworkonstrengtheningmultilateralcoordination,throughtheIEA’sparticipationininitiativessuchastheBiofuturePlatform,theRegulatoryEnergyTransitionAccelerator,theG20,andUN-relatedcollaborations.ThefinalpillarshowcasestheIEA’sworkatagloballeveltoenableandacceleratecleanenergytransitions.Thisincludesworkoncriticalmineralsupplychainsandpolicies,digitalisationofpowersystems,analysisofenergyemploymentandskills,technologyandinnovation,privateandpublicsectorenergyinvestment,andothers.OverthepastyeartheCETPhasdrivenforwardanambitiousandimpactfulagenda,evenastheworldhascontendedwithmultipleoverlappingcrises.Theprogrammehashadover140high-levelmeetingswithpolicymakers,almost300workshopsandtechnicalexchangeswithover14000participants,producedorenhancedover120dataproducts,models,tailoredpolicybriefsandreports,anddeliveredtrainingtoover800policyprofessionals.Overall,in2022theCETP’scombinationofdata,insight,adviceandcapacitybuildinghasmadeaseismiccontributiontoadvancingcleanenergytransitionsaroundtheworld.IthasunleashedtheIEA’sworld-leadingexpertiseandprovidedaprovenmodeltoacceleratecleanenergytransitionsthroughastrongcombinationofinsight,implementationandimpact.InIndonesia,togetherwiththeMinistryofEnergyandMineralResources(MEMR),theCETPdeliveredAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissions,whichministersstronglywelcomedattheG20,andhasplayedakeyroleinshapingIndonesia’slandmarkUSD20billionJustEnergyTransitionPartnership.TheJETPwillsignificantlyaccelerateIndonesia’stransitiontowardacleanerenergyfuture,reducingcumulativegreenhousegasemissionsbymorethan300megatonsthrough2030andareductionofwellabove2gigatonsthrough2060fromIndonesia’scurrenttrajectory.Tomovethistoaction,theIEAhasworkedtostrengthenpolicies,includingconsultationsonIndonesia’sfueleconomystandardstoimprovevehicleefficiency,aswellasparticipationinthereviewofIndonesia’sCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPin2022–alandmarkyearAnnualReport2022PAGE6IEA.CCBY4.0.PresidentialDecreeonrenewableenergy.Further,theIEAhassupporteddirectimplementationofenergyprojects,forexamplethroughdetailedanalysisandtechno-economicmodellingoftheJava-BaliandSumatrapowersystems.IEA.Allrightreserved.DrFatihBirolandH.E.MinisterTasriflaunchingAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesiaattheG20MinisterialMeetinginBaliInBrazil,theCETPhasbeeninstrumentalinreshapingandemphasisingtheneedforcleanenergyresearch,culminatingintherevisionofafederallawonR&Dspendingobligations.Thankstotheclosecollaborationoninnovationdata,Brazilbecamethefirstnon-IEAmembertosubmitRD&DspendingdatatotheIEA.InpartnershipwiththeEnergyResearchOffice(EPE),anofficialthinktankoftheBraziliangovernment,theprogrammedeliveredenergyefficiencybenchmarkingofkeysectorsandrecommendationsonhowtofurtherimproveenergyefficiencyanddecarbonisationpathways.ThisincludedthelaunchingoftheAtlasofEnergyEfficiencyinBrazil2021,withaspecialchapteronfreighttransport,andreleaseofPulpandPaperIndustryinBrazilandintheWorld–twosectorsthatarecriticalforBrazil’sdecarbonisationeffortsandhaveshownmassivepotentialforbothmonetaryandcarbonsavings.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPin2022–alandmarkyearAnnualReport2022PAGE7IEA.CCBY4.0.IEA.Allrightreserved.AtlasofEnergyEfficiencyinBrazil,2021,IndicatorsReportInChina,theIEAhasreinforceditstrustedadvisorstatus,byholdingclosed-doorsessionswithgovernmentpartnersonpowersectorreforms,resultinginremarkablepolicyimpact;theIEArecommendationswerereflectedinChina’sFive-YearPlanforRenewableEnergyDevelopment.Thisplanaimstodeliveranextra1.09trillionKwhofrenewableenergygenerationinChinaby2025.Inaddition,referencestotheIEAwereincludedinfivenationalpolicydocumentsonenergyandclimate,callingforrelevantministriesandcompaniestostrengthencooperation.TheprogrammehasenabledChina’sMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmenttoimprovetheworld’slargestemissionstradingsystem,includingviapublicationofEnhancingChina’sETSforCarbonNeutrality:FocusonPowerSector.TogetherwiththeIndiangovernment,theCETPhasdeliveredanalysisandpolicyadviceonenergyefficiencyinthebuildingsectorincooperationwiththeBureauofEnergyEfficiency(BEE)oftheMinistryofPower.Further,theCETPhasdeliveredpolicyadviceonsolarPV,decentralisedsolarprogrammesandbioenergyinliaisonwithIndia’sgovernmentandmajorthinktanks.TheseexchangesfeddirectlyintotheSolarPVGlobalSupplyChainsreportpublishedinJuly2022andpresentedatthefirsthigh-levelforumonsolarPVmanufacturing.Finally,theIEAsupportedpreparationsaheadofIndia’sfirst-everG20presidencyandCleanEnergyMinisterialtobeheldin2023,includingtheenergytrack,financetrackanddisasterriskreductiontrack.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPin2022–alandmarkyearAnnualReport2022PAGE8IEA.CCBY4.0.IEA.Allrightreserved.MaryWarlick,DeputyExecutiveDirectoroftheIEAandAmitabhKant,G20Sherpa,andexNITIAayogCEOAcrossAfrica,thankstotheCETP,theIEAhasbeenabletotakeitsengagement,insightsandadvicetoawholenewlevelwithvariousAfricancountries,includingthepublicationoftheAfricaEnergyOutlook2022inpartnershipwithAfricaUnionCommissionandUnitedNationsEconomicCouncilforAfrica.ThereportpresentedthefirsteverSustainableAfricaScenario,exploringacost-effectivepathwaytoreachuniversalelectricityandcleancookingaccessandfulfilallAfricanclimatepledgesinfullandontime.ThisscenariosupportedAfricannegotiationsatCOP27,includingthenewAfricaJustandAffordableEnergyTransitionInitiativechampionedbytheEgyptianCOPpresidency.Further,theIEAhaspublisheditsfirst-everreportonCleanEnergyTransitionsintheGreaterHornofAfrica–takingfindingstoamoregranularlevelwithpriorityactionsforcountries.TheprogrammealsoleveragedtheIEA’seffectiveworkingrelationshipwithhydrocarbonproducereconomiesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricatosupportthemintheprocessofdecarbonisingtheirenergysystems.ThisincludedworkingwithEgypt,AlgeriaandOmanintheirtransitionstowardsthedecarbonisationofoilandgassectors,withaspecialfocusonmethaneabatement.TheIEAalsoscaledupeffortswithEgyptover2022,includingaroundtheirPresidencyoftheConferenceoftheParties(COP).Finally,theIEAhasenjoyedaclosecollaborationwithOmanongreenhydrogenandenergymodellingtosupportcleanenergypolicies.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPin2022–alandmarkyearAnnualReport2022PAGE9IEA.CCBY4.0.WithinLatinAmerica,theIEAplayedaprominentroleintheEnergyWeekheldbytheLatinAmericanEnergyOrganisation(OLADE)inPanama,withtheIEA’scontributiontoPanama’senergytransitionbeingrecognisedwithanofficialawardgrantedbythegovernment.TheCentralAmericanIntegrationOrganisationadoptedaregionalappliancestandardforairconditioners,aprocessinformedbytheIEA’spreviousparticipationintheTechnicalWorkingGrouponEnergyEfficiency.TheIEACriticalMineralsPolicyTrackerhighlightedprominentpoliciesandregulationsalreadyinplaceineightLatinAmericancountries–Argentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador,MexicoandPeru–toenhancesecurityofsupply,incentivisenewresourcedevelopmentandensuresustainableandresponsibleproduction.InSoutheastAsia,theIEAhasworkedwithcountriesacrosstheregion,forexamplewithThailandintheprocessofdesigningandimplementationofitsClimateChangeAct.Further,theIEAhassupportedCambodiaaschairofASEANandwiththeASEANSecretariat.SomesuccesseswithASEANhaveincludedtheRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructionandtheRoadmaptowardsSustainableandEnergy-EfficientSpaceCoolingtosupportthedevelopmentofenergyefficiencypoliciesintheregion.TheCETPprovidedsupportforIEAparticipationinvariousmultilateralinitiativesofcriticalimportancetothecoordinationofenergytransitionsgoals,suchastheBiofuturePlatform.TheIEAcontinuedsupportingtheinitiativeasfacilitator,co-ordinatoroftherelevantCleanEnergyMinisterial(CEM)BiofutureInitiativeandco-manageroftheCleanEnergyMinisterialBiofutureCampaign.TheworkoftheBiofuturePlatformgeneratedincreasedinterestinbioenergyandindustryinvolvementinthesector.WiththeGroupof20(G20),theIEAprovidedsupporttoIndonesia’s2022presidencywithanalyticalrecommendationsonnetzeropathways,cleanenergytechnologiesandinvestment,andglobalenergymarketsandsecurity.TheIEAhasalsoworkedcloselywithIndiatoprepareforthecountry’sG20presidencyin2023.TheRegulatoryEnergyTransitionAccelerator(RETA),apartnershipwithIRENA,theWorldBankandtheUKenergyregulator,theIEA,astheAdministrator,hasspear-headedthesigningupofmorethan30regulatorsfromacrosstheglobebytheendof2022,discussedandagreedanimpactfulworkprogramme,andundertakenaseriesoffoundationalactivitiesthathassetRETAupforsuccessin2023.Workin2023willincludeunderstandinghowregulatorsmandatescanbeimprovedtoincludeenergytransitions,theuniqueroleofenergyregulationinsmallislanddevelopmentstates,and,togetherwiththeRockyMountainInstitute(RMI),thelaunchingofaknowledgehub.AtCOP,theIEA’sworkwasgreatlyappreciatedandrecognisedthroughoutCOP27inEgypt.Notably,theIEAWorldEnergyOutlook2022wasreferencedintheCOP27finaldecision,theSharmel-SheikhImplementationPlan.TheIEAalsocontinueditslongstandingroleasaco-custodianofdatafortheUnitedNationsenergy-relatedSDGs.ThelatestprojectionswereabletofullycapturetheeffectsofthesetbackonreachingCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPin2022–alandmarkyearAnnualReport2022PAGE10IEA.CCBY4.0.universalaccesscausedbytheCovid-19pandemic,mostlyconcentratedinsub-SaharanAfrica.Recentanalysishasreflectedtheaffordabilityimpactsoftheglobalenergycrisis.Finally,theCETPhascontinuedtoshapetheglobaldialogueonenergytransitionswithaseriesofhigh-levelevents,timelyandimpactfulanalyticalproductsanddatasets,andhard-hittingreports.Forinstance,theIEAhasbecomeaglobalvoiceoncriticalmineralswithmodellingandin-depthanalysisofsupplychainsandthereleaseoftheCriticalMineralsPolicyTracker.Thistoolhelpsgovernmentsexplorenewcriticalmineralpolicies,andanalysisoftheimportanceofenvironmentalandsocialgovernanceinsupplychains.ThisreportshoneaspotlightonthecurrentmarketconcentrationinChina,andthoughthishashistoricallybroughthugegainsincostreductionsforrenewableenergy,thishasnowcreatedaglobalrisktosupplychainsandenergysecurityduetothemarketdominanceofonecountry.CriticalMineralsPolicyTracker2022,IEA,2022CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPin2022–alandmarkyearAnnualReport2022PAGE11IEA.CCBY4.0.Further,theCETPhasexpandedtheIEA’sworkonPeople-CentredCleanEnergyTransitionsdeliveringthefirstIEACleanEnergyLabourCouncil,whichbroughttogetherrepresentativesofnationaltradeunionswithstrongrepresentationfromCETPfocuscountries.WithintheworkstreamofEnergyEmploymentandSkills,publicationofthefirsteverWorldEnergyEmploymentreport,whichprovidedafirst-of-itskindestimateofhowmanyworkersareemployedintheglobalenergysector,accompaniedbyprojectionsoffuturelabourdemandbysectorandregionunderdifferentscenarios.TheCETPhasalsoadvancedtheworkofPrivateandPublicCleanEnergyInvestment,toraiseawarenessoftheriskofshortfallsincleanenergyinvestmentinemerginganddevelopingeconomiesandoffersolutionsthatunlockcapitalthroughenhancedmarketandregulatorydesign.ThisincludedthereleaseofWorldEnergyInvestment2022andthelaunchingoftheCostofCapitalObservatorywhichhighlightsthehugedifferencesinthecostofcapitalforrenewableenergyinvestmentsbetweenemerginganddevelopingcountriesandhigh-incomecountries.Thisisinnopartduetotherisksassociatedwiththepolicylandscape–theIEA,spear-headedundertheCETP,willtacklethesechallengesbyprovidingclear-headedpolicyadvicetode-riskcleanenergyinvestmentsandaccelerateaccesstofinanceanddeploymentofrenewableenergy.Inaddition,theIEAGovernmentEnergySpendingTrackercontinueditstrackingofnewlyannouncedgovernmentpoliciesincludingfinancialsupportforcleanenergy,whichwasupdatedtwicein2022–inlinewitharequestmadeintheG20leaderscommunique.WorldEnergyInvestment2022,IEA,2022TheCETPhasalsoledimportantimprovementstonon-membercountryDataandexperimentalworkonkeyindicatorsandthetimelinessofdata,andthecreationofauser-friendlydataportalforfacilitatedaccesstoindicatorswithimportantCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPin2022–alandmarkyearAnnualReport2022PAGE12IEA.CCBY4.0.implicationsforcleanenergytransitions.Further,theCETPdeliveredamajorprojectonDigitalisationofpowersystems,whichfurtheredstrengthenedtheanalysisanddisseminationoffindingsontheimportanceofdigitaltechnologiesforenergydecarbonisation,cleanenergytransitionsandnetzero.Finally,supportformultilateralInnovationpartnershipsandtheworkonenergyinnovationpoliciesanddatahasbeenscaledupundertheCETP,includingpublicationofTrackingCleanEnergyInnovationintheBusinessSector:AnOverviewandHowGovernmentsSupportCleanEnergyStart-ups:Insightsfromselectedapproachesaroundtheworld,aswellasanewdataexplorationtoolonpublicRD&Dinenergy.In2022,CETPfundersrecognisedthatinthefirstfiveyearsofitsexistencetheprogrammehasmanagedtoachieveimpactfaraboveitsscale.TheyalsorecogniseditsuntappedupsidepotentialandcametogethertoprovideanewimpetustoscaleupCETPwork.TheJointCommitmentagreeduponattheIEAMinisterialinMarch2022isto“…worktogethertomakeavailableacollectiveannualfundofaroundEUR20millionand,inresponsetothedecadeofaction,weaffirmourintentiontofurtherstrengthenfinancialsupportthroughto2030”.Thiswillmaximisetheprogramme’sstrategicalignmentandwillscaleupitssupportforthefocuscountries.OnthebackofthisJointCommitment,theIEAhasdeliveredtheCETPStrategicFramework–settingoutthestrategicdirectionfortheprogrammeforthecomingtwoyears,plusthe2023workplan.Achievingfullbuy-infromboththepartnercountrieswheretheCETPisimplemented,aswellastheCETPfunders.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeOverviewoftheCETPin2022AnnualReport2022PAGE13IEA.CCBY4.0.OverviewoftheCETPin2022IntroductiontotheCETPTheobjectiveoftheCETPistohelpaccelerateprogresstowardsthegoalofrealisingglobalnetzeroemissionsfromenergythroughasecureandpeople-centredcleanenergytransition,particularlyinmajoremerginganddevelopingeconomies.TheCETPwaslaunchedatthe2017IEAMinisterialtoprovideindependent,cutting-edgesupporttothegovernmentsofsixmajoremergingeconomies–Brazil,China,India,Indonesia,MexicoandSouthAfrica–andothergovernmentsthroughitscollaborationwithregionalorganisationsinAfrica,LatinAmericaandSoutheastAsia.Thesecountriesandregionswereselectedbecauseoftheirsignificantpotentialtoreducetheirgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsandtheIEA’sstronginstitutionallinkswiththerespectivegovernmentsandregionalorganisations.TheworktheCETPdoeswithindividualcountriesandregionalorganisationsstemsfromtheirdemandsandisshapedbyiterativeconsultationsbetweentheirrepresentatives,IEAexpertsandotherrelevantstakeholders.InjustfiveyearstheCETPhasgrowntobecomethelargest,andarguablymostimportant,programmefortheIEA.IthasplayedacrucialroleinenablingtheIEAtostrengthenitsgloballeadershiproleincleanenergytransitionsatapaceandscalethatwouldotherwisenothavebeenpossible.Asaresult,wehavebeenabletoacceleratetransitionsaroundtheglobethroughamixofinsight,implementationandimpact.OverthispastyeartheCETP’sworkhasdeliveredlarge-scaleimpactforourmembersandpartnersacrosstheglobe.Takingonerecentexample,welaunchedtheEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia,whichministersstronglywelcomedattheG20,andwhichhasplayedamajorroleinshapingIndonesia’slandmarkJustEnergyTransitionPartnership.Similarly,withtheCETPtheIEAhastakenitsprogrammeofengagement,insightsandadvicetoawholenewlevel,workingwithmanycountriesacrossAfrica,Asia,LatinAmericaandbeyond.TheCETPhasalsobeenacriticalinstrumentforthemodernisationoftheIEA.Itistransformingtherelationshipbetweentheagencyandmanyoftheworld’semergingeconomies,particularlythosewithrapidlygrowingenergydemand.TheprogrammehasstrengthenedtheIEA’scapacitytoachievereal-worldimpactwithCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeOverviewoftheCETPin2022AnnualReport2022PAGE14IEA.CCBY4.0.keypartnersbydrawingonthevastscopeoftheagency’sexpertiseanditsabilitytocombinedataandevidence-drivenanalysiswithstrategicpolicyandregulatoryadvice.JointCommitmentInMarch2022theIEAreceivedamajorfundingboostfrommembercountriestoenableittosignificantlyscaleupitsworksupportingthetransitiontocleanenergyinemergingeconomies.ThefundingincreasefortheCETPwasannouncedataspecialeventonthesidelinesofthe2022IEAMinisterialMeetinginParis,whereministersfromIEAmembercountriesandbeyondmettodiscusshowtoacceleratecleanenergytransitionsandstrengthenenergysecurity.ThenewCETPfundingstreamofEUR20millionayearisfromthevoluntarycontributionsof15IEAmembercountriesandtheEuropeanUnion,whoconfirmedtheirfinancialsupporttill2030inanewJointCommitment.TheincreasedfundingwillexpandtheIEA’sdevelopmentofmoretailoredandpracticalnationalnetzeroroadmapsforemergingeconomies.TheCETPhasbeenfundedbyAustralia,Belgium,Canada,Denmark,France,Germany,Ireland,Italy,Japan,theNetherlands,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,theUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandtheEuropeanCommission.Amongthose,Belgium,Ireland,SpainandtheUnitedStatesallprovidedcontributionstotheprogrammeforthefirsttimeaspartofthenewJointCommitment.StrategicFrameworkWiththe2022JointCommitment,CETPfundersagreedarevisedstructureonwhichtobasetheCETP’swork:theStrategicFramework.Thisnewapproachstructurestheprogramme’sworkaroundthreepillarsandthecorrespondingcountries,regionsandworkstreams.CETPStrategicFrameworkIEA.CCBY4.0.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeOverviewoftheCETPin2022AnnualReport2022PAGE15IEA.CCBY4.0.PillarI,Acceleratingnationaltransitions.TheIEA’stoppriorityundertheCETPistosupportemerginganddevelopingeconomiestodevelopandimplementtimelystrategiesorroadmapsforachievingnationalcleanenergytransitiongoalsinlinewiththeParisAgreementobjectivesandSDGs.WorkonPillarIislargelyorganisedaroundeightworkstreams,whichtheIEAviewsascriticalfordrivingasystems-widetransition.Supportingnationalimplementationremainsatthecoreoftheprogramme,includingenhancedsupportforthedevelopmentofnationalandregionalnetzeroroadmaps.PillarII,Strengtheningmultilateralco-ordination.WorkonPillarIIisorderedaroundIEA-ledactivitiesundertheCETPandCETP-supportedIEAengagementinkeypartnershipsandfora.TheIEAismakingsignificantinputstomajorinternationalcollaborationmechanismssuchastheGroupof7(G7),theGroupof20(G20),theCleanEnergyMinisterial(CEM),theRegulatorsEnergyTransitionsAccelerator(RETA),MissionInnovation(MI),andtheIEA’sownTechnologyCollaborationProgrammes(TCPs).PillarIII,Informingglobalenergydialogue.TheIEA’sauthoritativeenergydataandmodellingcapabilities,aswellasitsextensivepolicyexperienceandholisticapproach,makeitatrustedvoicetoinformglobalenergydialogueandkeydecisionmakersintheprivatesector,multilateralbanksandinternationaldevelopmentagencies.PillarIIIisorganisedaroundmajorcross-cuttingthemes,whichhelpgeneratethepoliticalconditionsforgreateraction.IEA.Allrightreserved.CETPfunders’meetingattheIEAMinisterialMeeting,24March2022CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeOverviewoftheCETPin2022AnnualReport2022PAGE16IEA.CCBY4.0.CETPdeliveryandgovernanceAcentralCETPCoreTeam,housedintheIEASecretariat’sStrategicInitiativesOffice,isresponsibleforthestrategicmanagementoftheprogramme,engagementwithdonors,thedisseminationofkeymessagesandinformationexchange.TheCETPCoreTeamalsoco-ordinatesworkplanning,monitoringandreporting.CETPactivitiesaredeliveredbyaround160colleagueswithintheIEASecretariatinParis,supportedbycountrydeskofficersintheIEA’sOfficeofGlobalEnergyRelations(GER)andin-countryenergyspecialistsengagedascontractorsinCETPprioritycountries.CETPgovernanceconsistsoffourelements:theFunders’StrategicCo-ordinationGroup,theCross-AgencyCETPSteeringCommittee,interactionwiththebroaderIEAmembership,andco-ordinationatcountryandregionallevels.TheFunders’StrategicCo-ordinationGroupisthemainco-ordinationbodyfortheCETP.ThegroupallowsfunderstoengageinstrategicconversationsabouttheCETP’sstrategicpriorities,andtoadviseontheprogramme’sworkplandevelopmentandimplementation.Thisincludesensuringthatitsworkcomplementsotherbilateralandmultilateralinitiatives.AllCETPJointCommitmentsignatoriesareinvitedtonominatearepresentativetothegroup,whichmeetsquarterly.Itischairedonarotationalcalendaryearbasisbyparticipatingdonorcountryrepresentatives.Thegroupcaninviteadditionalcountrydelegatestoparticipateinmeetingsasobservers,forexamplerepresentativesofprospectivedonorcountries.TheCross-AgencyCETPSteeringCommittee,whichincludesIEAseniormanagementanddivisionheadsfromacrosstheIEASecretariat,isconvenedperiodicallytoexchangeinformationonactivitiesundertheCETP.UndertheguidanceoftheIEAExecutiveDirector,itadvisesonresourceallocationstothedifferentworkstreamsundertheCETP.CountrydeskofficersintheGERcontributetoensurestreamlinedandcoherentcountryandregionalstrategies.Thisincludes,insomecases,co-ordinationwithin-countryenergyspecialists.InteractionwiththebroaderIEAmembershipAsnotallIEAmembersareCETPfunders,theIEASecretariatreportsontheCETPto,andseeksguidancefrom,thebroaderIEAmembershipviatheGoverningBoard,theStandingGrouponGlobalDialogueandtheothercommitteesandstandinggroupsoftheagency.ThisistoshowcaseachievementsandidentifypotentialcollaborationsandnewfunderswhileensuringthatprogrammeplanningandbudgetallocationremainalignedwiththeIEAministerialmandatesandtheIEAProgrammeofWorkandBudget.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeOverviewoftheCETPin2022AnnualReport2022PAGE17IEA.CCBY4.0.Co-ordinationatcountryandregionallevelsWithamoresystematicapproachtomeetingsforandwithCETPdonorstakingplaceinCETPprioritycountries,thenextphaseoftheCETPincludesstrengthenedco-ordinationatcountryandregionallevelsbetweentheCETPandtheactivitiesofotherpartners,includingrelevantnationalandregionalactorsinthecountryofactivityandinternationalorganisations.Withnationalandregionalpartners,theIEAalreadyseekscollaborationwiththerelevantgovernmentministriesandpolicymakersresponsiblefortheenergysectorandrelevantresearchinstitutes.TheIEAwillseektoco-ordinatewiththein-countryactivitiesofarangeofinternationalpartners.Within-countrypartners,CETPactivitieswillbedeliveredinco-ordinationwiththerelevantbilateralco-operationprogrammesofIEAmembersintheprioritycountriesandregions,includingwithfunders’embassies.Inparticular,CETPfundersareencouragedtosharewiththeIEASecretariatinformationaboutexistingandprospectiveco-operationinitiativesoncleanenergyintheCETPprioritycountriesandregionstomaximisetheimpactof,andestablishsynergiesbetween,ourrespectiveefforts.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE18IEA.CCBY4.0.PillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsIndiaHighlightsWorkonenergyefficiencyinthebuildingsectorinco-operationwiththeBureauofEnergyEfficiency(BEE)oftheMinistryofPowerandproductionofinternalpolicyguidanceRoadmapforMainstreamingEnergyEfficiencyinResidentialBuildings.Supportforimplementationofenergyefficiencymeasuresinindustryinco-operationwithTheEnergyResourcesInstitute(TERI)fortheuseofBEE,includingapolicypackagetopromoteenergyefficiencyinsmallandmedium-sizedtextilemanufacturers.PolicyadviceonsolarPV,decentralisedsolarprogrammesandbioenergyinliaisonwithIndia’sgovernmentandmajorthinktanks.TheseexchangesfeddirectlyintotheSolarPVGlobalSupplyChainsreportpublishedinJuly2022andpresentedatthefirsthigh-levelforumonsolarPVmanufacturing.BiofuelsandbioenergypolicyguidanceprovidedtotheMinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGasandtheMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy,aswellasinputtoTERI’sanalysisofbiogas-basedpowergenerationandthermalapplicationprogrammes.ExchangeswithIndia’sMinistryofScienceandTechnologyonhowtoenhanceitsworkontrackingnationalenergyinnovationspendingandfurtherdevelopitsincubationsupportforcleanenergytechnologystart-upsfromIndiaandoverseas.Scalingupofthepeople-centredtransitionsworkinIndiaincludingworkshopswithIndianandinternationalcounterparts,buildingstronglinkswithIndianinstitutionsandgovernmentstakeholdersworkingontheissue.Aseriesofknowledge-sharingeventsonenergyinnovationpolicyorganisedincloseco-operationwiththeIndianInstituteforTechnologyDelhi.TheIEAjoinedthesteeringcommitteeofIndia’snewClimateandEnergyModellingforumandcontributingtotheprocessofscenariodevelopmentforIndia’sachievementofnetzeroemissions.SupportforthepreparationsaheadofIndia’sfirst-everG20presidencyandCleanEnergyMinisterialtobeheldin2023,includingtheenergytrack,financetrackanddisasterriskreductiontrack.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE19IEA.CCBY4.0.India’schallengeis“toindustrialisebutnotcarbonise”,astheGovernmentofIndia(GoI)putsit,andthepaththatIndiatakeshasthepotentialtoprovideamodelofgreeneconomicdevelopmentforotheremerginganddevelopingcountries.AtCOP26,PrimeMinisterModiannouncedambitioustargetsforIndia’senergytransition,notablyfor50%ofelectricitygenerationtocomefromnon-fossilsourcesby2030andtoachievenetzeroemissionsby2070.TheIEAhasthereforefocuseditsworkonkeyareastosupportIndia’senergytransitionpriorities.OfimmediateimportancearetheIEA’ssupportforIndia'sfirst-everpresidencyoftheG20in2023,alongwithitsjointhostingoftheCEM/MIMinisterial.IEA.Allrightreserved.IEAExecutiveDirectorwithPrimeMinisterModiattheG7SummitTheIEAhasbeenworkingwitharangeofGoIministriesandentitiestodevelopG20workstreams,notably:•Energytrack–workingwiththeMinistryofPower,MinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy,MinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGas,MinistryofMinesandNITIAayogonissuesincludingenergysecurityandcleanenergysupplychains;“fuelsforthefuture”(greenhydrogen,ammonia,biofuelsande-mobility);energyefficiencyandindustrialdecarbonisation;low-costfinancingforenergytransitions;justenergytransitions;andcriticalcleanenergytechnologygaps,e.g.energystorage.•Financetrack–contributingIEAanalyticalinputtoinformboththeSustainableFinanceWorkingGrouponcleanenergyinvestmentandtheFrameworkWorkingGrouponthemacroeconomicimpactofenergyinsecurity,climatechangeandtransitionpathways.•Disasterriskreductiontrack–developmentofideasforworkontheclimateresilienceoftheenergysector.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE20IEA.CCBY4.0.Inaddition,theIEAhasprovidedsupportforIndia’snewClimateandEnergyModellingForumbyjoiningthesteeringcommitteeandcontributingtothedevelopmentofscenariosforIndia’sachievementofnetzeroemissions.Moregenerally,theIEAhasprovidedpolicyadviceandjoinedexchangesbetweentechnicalexpertsonanumberoftopicsastheyrelatetoIndia,includingrenewableenergy,transport,energyefficiency,people-centredtransitions,carboncapture,utilisationandstorage(CCUS),alternativefuelsandtheroleofnaturalgasinenergytransitions,asoutlinedinmoredetailbelow.IEA.Allrightreserved.IEADeputyExecutiveDirectorMaryWarlickandAmitabhKant,G20Sherpa,andexNITIAayogCEOWehaveengagedinanumberofoutreachactivitiestostrengthentheIEA’srelationshipwithIndia,includingthefollowingeventsorganisedinpartnershipwithIndianstakeholders:•AworkshoponCCUSwiththeMinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGasandtheIndianInstituteofTechnologyBombayinSeptember2022.•Eventsonpeople-centredcleanenergytransitionsatTheEnergyandResourcesInstitute(TERI)WorldSustainableDevelopmentSummitinFebruary2022andtheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForuminSeptember2022.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE21IEA.CCBY4.0.OurworktopresentanddisseminateIEAanalysisinIndiaincluded:•TheSolarPVSupplyChainsreportpresentedatanEU-organisedconferenceinDelhiinSeptember,andaclosed-doorroundtablewithIndianindustryalsoinSeptember.•TheGlobalHydrogenReviewpresentedataconferenceorganisedbytheMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergyandtheConfederationofIndianIndustryinDelhiinOctober.IEAvisitstoIndiaallowedustoparticipateinmultilateralforumsconvenedbyIndia,suchas:•TheCEMmeetinginApril.•TheInternationalCoalitionforDisasterResilientInfrastructuremeetinginMay.•TheInternationalSolarAllianceAssemblyinOctober.WehavebuiltrelationswithkeyGoIandindustrystakeholderstofurtheroursignificantcollaborationandtheIEA-Indiarelationship(StrategicPartnership),particularlybypresentingIEAanalysisinperson.IEA.Allrightreserved.IEAExecutiveDirectorDr.FatihBirolwithHonourableMinisterofPetroleumandNaturalGas,Mr.HardeepSinghPuri,onthe24thofMaywhileinDavosfortheWorldEconomicForumCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE22IEA.CCBY4.0.EnergyefficiencyinIndia2022activitiesonenergyefficiencyfocusedonfinalisingtheinternalreportIndiaRoadmapforMainstreamingEnergyEfficiencyinResidentialBuildings,enablingexchangesatthenationallevelonfueleconomystandards,anddevelopingacross-agencyreportontheclimateandairpollutionbenefitsofacleanroadsectortransitioninIndia.BuildingsTheIndiaRoadmapforMainstreamingEnergyEfficiencyinResidentialBuildingswasdevelopedinpartnershipwiththeBureauofEnergyEfficiency(BEE)attheMinistryofPower,involvingnumerousIndianandinternationalbuildingandconstructionexpertsthroughaseriesofstakeholderconsultations,reviewsandonlineworkshops.AccordingtotheBEEreportImpactAssessmentofEnergyEfficiencyMeasures2021,residentialbuildingsalreadyaccountedfor24%ofIndia’sfinalelectricityconsumptionandaround300MtofrelatedCO2emissionsinfiscalyear2018-19.Floorspaceissettomorethandoubleoverthenext20years,withover70%ofconstructionexpectedinurbanareas,whichcoulddriveafivefoldincreaseinresidentialelectricitydemand.AccordingtotheIEAStatedPoliciesScenario,electricitydemandfrombuildingscouldaccountforabout50%ofIndia’stotalgeneratedelectricityby2040,ifnofurtherimprovementsaremadetotheenergyefficiencyofthecountry’sbuildingstock.TheroadmapfocusesontheadoptionoftheEco-NiwasSamhita(ENS)buildingcodealongwithothervoluntarygreenbuildingstandards.TheENSisanon-mandatorynationalresidentialbuildingenergyconservationcode.Theroadmapprovideskeyrecommendationsforsevenactionareas,includingnewandexistingbuildings,buildingmaterials,systemsandoperations,sustainableenergy,urbanplanningandresilience.TheENShasbeenfurtherstrengthenedbytheEnergyConservation(Amendment)Billthatwaspassedon12December2022,whichextendstheapplicationofthecodetoofficeandresidentialbuildingswithaconnectedloadof100kWorabove,andexpandsthenotionofgreenbuildingstoincludeenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergysources.IndustryFollowingthecompletionofaninternalreportonenergyefficiencypotentialandproposalsforapolicypackagetopromoteenergyefficiencyinsmallandmedium-sizedtextilemanufacturers,theIEAheldseveralfollow-upmeetingswithBEEtodiscussprioritymeasuresforimplementation.Theresultisapackagethatcomprisesanumberofactionablemeasures,includingscalinguptheuseofenergyefficientmotorsthroughaggregation,e.g.throughanenergyserviceCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE23IEA.CCBY4.0.company(ESCO)approach,thedevelopmentoftechnologylists,andallowingaggregatorstoacquireaccesstothePerform,AchieveandTrade(PAT)scheme.Basedontheanalysisconductedandtheproposedpolicypackage,theIEAteamandTERIdevelopedaproposalforthedevelopmentandoperationalisationofaninnovativeESCOmodeltopromotepremiumefficiencymotorsamongtextileproducersintheSurattextileclusterofGujarat.TheconceptnoteiscurrentlywithBEEforconsideration.VehiclefueleconomyTheIEAhascontinuedtoenabletheexchangeofnationalexperiencesofthedesignoffueleconomystandardsandtheirimplementationbetweentheGovernmentofIndonesiaandBEE.Anationalhigh-levelworkshoponthedesignoffueleconomystandardsanddatacollectionwasheldinMarch,followedbyahigh-levelworkshoponcasestudiesinMay,includingapresentationbyBEEontheIndianfuelefficiencystandardsforheavy-dutyandothervehicles.WehavealsoconductedananalysisofIndia’sroadtransportenergyconsumptionandrelatedGHGemissions,presenteddifferentscenariosforfuturedevelopmentanddiscussedpolicyoptionstocontributetoIndia’scommitmenttoachievecarbonneutralityby2070.Besidesadeskreviewandanalysis,theIEAteamconductedaseriesofpublicandprivate-sectorstakeholderinterviewsbetweenMayandAugust,andheldregularco-ordinationcallswithNITIAayog.CarbonmarketInJunetheIEAorganisedahigh-levelworkshoponcarbonmarketdevelopmentwithBEE,showcasinginternationalexamplesofcarbonmarketsandemissionstradingschemes,anddiscussingpossibledesignoptionsfortheIndiancarbonmarket.Furtheractivitiesandexchangesonthenationalcarbonmarketdesignareenvisagedfor2023,basedonthenationalcarbonmarketframeworkinIndia.TheEnergyConservation(Amendment)Bill,passedbytheIndianparliamenton12December,mandatestheuseofnon-fossilenergysources,stipulatespenaltiesfornon-compliancewithfuelconsumptionnormsandpromotesthedevelopmentofadomesticcarbonmarkettosupportthedecarbonisationoftheIndianeconomyandtheachievementoftheSDGs.IndicatorsTheIEAhadseveralexchangeswithBEEonthedevelopmentofend-useandenergyefficiencyindicatorroadmaps,includingforIndiaandothercountriesintheEmergingEconomiesProgramme.BEEshowedinterestintheIEA’ssupportforestablishinganenergydatamanagementunit,andthecontinuationofpreviousmultilateralcollaborationonenergyefficiencydataandindicatorsin2023.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE24IEA.CCBY4.0.ESCOsOnseveraloccasionsBEEconsultedwiththeIEAoninternationalexperiencesandsuccessfulbusinessmodelsforstrengtheningnationalESCOmarkets.Basedontherecommendationsofthe2022budgetpresentation,anESCOwebinarshowcasinginternationalbusinessmodelswasdesignedfortheGoI,butlaterpostponed.TheAllianceforanEnergyEfficientEconomy(AEEE),whichalsoservesasthenationalESCOassociationofIndia,wasinvitedtopresenttheIndianmarketexperienceataspecialeventatthe7thGlobalConferenceonEnergyEfficiency.TheEnergySavingsInsurancemodelwassubsequentlyincludedinthepossibleareasforactionintheOECDCleanEnergyFinanceandInvestmentRoadmapforIndia.TheIEAcontributedtheirexperienceandseveralcasestudiestothedevelopmentofthisroadmapandparticipatedintwoworkshopsonenhancingenergyefficiencyinmicro,smallandmedium-sizedenterprises.DialogueTheIEAstrengtheneditsengagementwithIndiannationalstakeholdersbydeliveringkeynotespeechesatimportantnationalevents,includingthe2022ForumonEnergyEfficiencyandDecarbonisation(February)andtheconferenceonAugmentingNaturebyGreenAffordableNewHabitat(September),whichfeaturedaround75speakersfromover15countriesandinternationalorganisations.TheIEAhasalsocontinuedtosupportIndia’scontributiontoglobaldialogueonenergyefficiencybyshowcasingsuccessfulbusinessmodelsandpolicies,andprovidingplatformsforexchangeandcollaboration,suchasthe3%ClubandtheEnergyEfficiencyHub.TheIEAcontinuedtosupportBEEintheirco-leadershipoftheSuper-efficientEquipmentApplianceDeployment(SEAD)initiativeandCOP26campaigns,includingtheCOP26ProductEfficiencyCalltoAction.RenewableenergyinIndiaIn2022theIEA’sworkonrenewableenergypoliciesinIndiamainlyfocusedonsolarPVsupplychains,distributedsolarPVandbioenergy.WecarriedoutouractivitiesinliaisonwithGoIministries(MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnergyandMinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGas),thinktanks(TERI,CouncilonEnergy,EnvironmentandWater[CEEW]),industryandotherstakeholders.SolarPVThepolicyfocusonanddiscussionofsolarPVsupplychainsincreasedstronglyinIndiain2022,assolarwasincludedintheProductionLinkedIncentiveSchemethathadbeenlaunchedin2021.TheIEAcarriedoutextensiveanalysisofPVCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE25IEA.CCBY4.0.supplychainsinIndia,whichinformedandwerepartofthespecialreportonSolarPVGlobalSupplyChainspublishedinJuly.IEA.Allrightreserved.IEAExecutiveDirectorwiththeIndiaSolarAllianceDirectorGeneralDr.AjayMathuratCOP27Buildingonthiswork,wecompletedanumberofexchangesandcommunicationanddisseminationactivitieswithIndia,notably:•PresentationoftheIEA’sworkonsolarPVsupplychainsatthefirsthigh-levelForumonSolarPVManufacturing,withtheparticipationofKadriSimson(EuropeanCommissionerforEnergy),RajKumarSingh(MinisterofPower),BhagwathKhuba(MinisterofStateforChemicalsandFertilizer,NewandRenewableEnergy)andInduShekharChaturvedi(Secretary,MinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy).•OrganisationofajointIEA–CEEWworkshopfocusingonpolysiliconandwafermanufacturing,presentinganddiscussinginternationalexperienceandbestpractices.•Meetingswithmultiplestakeholders,includingtheMinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnergyandMinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGas,theEUdelegationtoIndia,theCenterforStudyofScience,TechnologyandPolicy(CSTEP),CEEWandmultipleprivatecompaniesplanningtoinvestinPVmanufacturinginIndia.•CEEWexpertparticipationintheIEApublicwebinarontheSolarPVGlobalSupplyChainreport,providingIndia’sperspective.Furthermore,theIEA,inco-operationwithTERI,advisedandprovidedanalysisanddataonoff-gridanddecentralisedsolarprogrammestotheMinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnergy.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE26IEA.CCBY4.0.BioenergyOnbioenergy,theIEAadvised:•TheMinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGasontheIEA’sapproachtoforecastingbioenergy,datasources,globalcoverageandmarketforecasts.•TheMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy’sJointSecretarySh.Jagdaleonbiogas,includingonpotentialtopicsforabiogasworkshopwithIndia.•TERI’sanalysisincollaborationwithMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergyondatacollectionandinformationonbiogas-basedpowergenerationandthermalapplicationprogrammes.CriticalmineralsinIndiaTheIEAworkedwiththeMinistryofMinesandIndianthinktankstodevelopanapproachpaperfortheG20EnergyTransitionsWorkingGrouponhowtoaddressthevulnerabilityofthecriticalmineralssupplychainthroughinternationalcollaboration.TheIEAcontributeddataandanalysisoncriticalmineralssupplyanddemand,includingthegrowthindemandforkeycleanenergytechnologiesandtheindustry’sinvestmentcosts,inordertoinformrecommendationsforhowtheG20canmanagesupply–demandpressuresaspartofaglobalcleanenergytransition.TransportandairpollutioninIndiaBuildingontheIEA’s2021reportAirQualityandClimatePolicyIntegrationinIndia,theIEApreparedanin-depthreportexploringfutureCO2andairpollutantemissionsfromroadtransportinthecountry.Roadtransportpresentlyaccountsfor12%ofIndia’senergy-relatedCO2emissionsandisakeycontributortourbanairpollution.AsIndiaseekstomeettheincreasingdemandforprivatemobilityandthetransportofgoods,energyuseandCO2emissionsfromroadtransportcoulddoubleby2050,makingitakeysectorforIndia’scleanenergytransition.ThereportprovidesdetailedprojectionsoffutureCO2andairpollutantemissionsundercurrentpolicies,identifiestechnologieswiththegreatestadditionalmitigationpotential,andprovidespolicyoptionstobringthesetechnologiesintothevehiclefleet.ThereportwasrequestedbyIndia’spublicthinktankNITIAayog.Toinformtheanalysis,theIEAorganisedaseriesofbilateraltechnicalmeetingsbetweenMayandAugustwithexpertsfromGoI,thinktanksandindustry.Thetopicscoveredprogressinandtheprospectsforelectrification,fuelefficiencyimprovementsandtheroleofalternativefuels(e.g.biofuelsandhydrogen)indifferentvehiclesegments,andtheopportunitiesforandchallengesoftacklingurbanairpollutionfromroadtransport,aswellastheroleoftaxationandfinanceinacceleratingthetransitiontowardscleanerroadtransport.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndiaPAGE27IEA.CCBY4.0.Thefinalreport,sharedwithNITIAayoginNovember,receivedhighlypositivefeedbackfrombothNITIAayogandtheexpertsconsultedduringtheprocess.ThereportisexpectedtobelaunchedjointlywithNITIAayoginQ12023.InnovationinIndiaTheIEAorganisedaseriesofknowledge-sharingeventsonenergyinnovationpolicyincloseco-operationwiththeIndianInstituteforTechnologyDelhi(IITDelhi)SchoolofPublicPolicyastheorganisingpartnerofpreparatorymeetings.Theeventsresultedinenhanceddialogueamongparticipantsfromvariousdevelopingcountries.Forexample,theyconnectedIndia’sMinistryofFinanceandtheOfficeoftheChiefScientificAdvisorofIndiawithotheremergingmarketanddevelopingeconomiestoexploreopportunitiestoco-operateonsupportingcleanenergystart-upswithinnovativetechnologiesinthesespecificmarketcontexts.IEAactivitiesalsosupportedIndia’sMinistryofScienceandTechnologytoenhanceitsworkontrackingnationalenergyinnovationspendingandfurtherdevelopitsincubationsupportforcleanenergytechnologystart-upsfromIndiaandoverseas.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE28IEA.CCBY4.0.IndonesiaHighlightsWeproducedAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesiainclosecollaborationwithIndonesia’sMinistryofMineralResourcesandEnergy(MEMR).ThereportdirectlyunderpinnedIndonesia’sJustEnergyTransitionPartnership(JETP),alandmarkagreementlaunchedattheG20Leaders’SummitinBaliinSeptember2022.TheJointIEA-MEMRStatementbyH.E.MrArifinTasrif,MinisterofEnergyandMineralResources,IndonesiaandDrFatihBirol,ExecutiveDirectoroftheIEA,releasedtoaccompanytheIndonesiaNetZeroRoadmap,demonstratedthatIndonesiahasaviablepathtoreachingitstargetofnetzeroemissionsby2060,bringingmajorbenefitstoitscitizensintheprocess,suchasmoresecureandaffordableenergysupplies.WedeliveredthesecondeditionoftheSecurityofCleanEnergyTransitionsatthedirectinvitationoftheIndonesia’sMEMRtosupporttheG20discussionsonenergytransitions.ThecomprehensiveworkprogrammebetweentheIEAandMEMRallowedfordirectinputintopolicydevelopment,includingconsultationsonIndonesia’sfueleconomystandardswiththeobjectiveofimprovingvehicleefficiency,aswellasparticipationinthereviewofIndonesia’sPresidentialDecreeonrenewableenergy.Wehavealsosupporteddirectimplementationofenergyprojects,forexamplethroughdetailedanalysisandtechno-economicmodellingoftheJava-BaliandSumatrapowersystems.AnIEAfamilymembersince2015,IndonesiacontinuestobeamajorIEAassociationcountry,andourrelationshipwiththeSoutheastAsiannationprovedonceagaintobestrongandfruitfulin2022.Indonesiaisnotonlyoneofthemostpopulouscountriesintheworld,fourthbehindChina,IndiaandtheUnitedStates,butthecountryisalsoexpectedtobecometheworld’sfourthbiggesteconomyby2050.Withthisinmind,Indonesia’senergytrajectoryhassignificantimplicationsforglobalenergymarketsandachievingcollectiveclimategoals.During2022theIEAandIndonesia’sMinistryofEnergyandMineralResources(MEMR)continuedtostrengthentheirco-operation,withtheIEAassistingandsupportingthecountryincreatingthenecessarypoliciesandframeworkstoCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE29IEA.CCBY4.0.achievenetzeroemissionsby2050.Morespecifically,atIndonesia’srequestandincollaborationwithMEMR,theIEAproducedAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia.Thisguidesthecountryinitsenergytransitionoverthecomingdecades,notablyinareassuchasthecoalphase-down,scalingupcleanenergyinvestments,andcriticalminerals.TheroadmapunderpinnedthelandmarkUSD20billionagreement,theJustEnergyTransitionProgramme(JETP),betweenIndonesiaandinternationalpartners,signedinNovemberattheG20Leaders’SummitinBali.TheIEAalsosupportedIndonesiainitsG20presidency,providingguidanceandfocusgroupdiscussionsonemissionstradingsystem(ETS)design,analyticalstudiesandeventsonpowersystemenhancementandrenewablesintegration,andworkonenergyefficiencythroughroadmapsandpolicyreform.WearecurrentlyworkingcloselywithIndonesianinstitutionsaswellasdonorsandinternationalpartnersontheimplementationoftheJETP.Indonesia’sNetZeroRoadmapThankstothesupportoftheCETP,theIEAwasabletodevelopandpublishAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia.Indonesiaisacriticalcountryinthefightagainstclimatechangeastheworld'slargestcoalexporter,CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE30IEA.CCBY4.0.fourthmostpopulatedcountryandseventhlargesteconomy.Withoutfurtherpolicyaction,Indonesia'senergysectoremissionsaresettogrowtoaboutannually1Gtby2050,asmuchasitcurrentlyemitsfromland-usechange.IEA.Allrightreserved.DrFatihBirolandH.E.MinisterTasriflaunchingAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesiaattheG20MinisterialMeetinginBaliThereportwasdevelopedinclosecollaborationwithMEMR.TheIEAandMEMRheldsixin-depthtechnicalworkshopsbetweenJanuaryandApril2022toinformthemodellingandanalysisinthereport.Thisassistedinbuildingupahighdegreeofmutualtrustandconfidence.Asatestamenttothis,thepublishedreportwasprefacedbyajointstatementsignedbytheMinisterofEnergyandMineralResources,MrArifinTasrif,andtheIEAExecutiveDirector,DrFatihBirol,settingoutkeynear-termpolicyprioritiesforIndonesia'snetzerotransition.MrTasrifrecognisedthattheIEA’sroadmaptonetzeroemissionsinIndonesia“reflectstheIEA’sstatusastheglobalauthorityandwasconductedhand-in-handwithmyministry,”addingthatit“setsoutaclearandachievablepathforward,basedonenergyefficiency,renewablesandelectrification.”“ThisdemonstratesthatatransitiontonetzeroinIndonesiacanbejust,affordableandrichwithopportunities,”headded.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE31IEA.CCBY4.0.FourkeypillarsoftheenergytransitiontonetzeroemissionsinIndonesia,2021-2060AnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia,IEA,2022Duringthereport'sdevelopmentandafteritspublication,theIEAalsoconductedanumberofbriefingsformembersoftheInternationalPartnersGroup(IPG),1whoatthetimewerenegotiatingtheJETP.TheIEAalsoheldbriefingsformembersoftheIndonesianJETPteamintheCoordinatingMinistryforMaritimeandInvestmentAffairs.Thankstothisengagement,theIEA'snetzeroreportbecameakeyinputintotheJETPnegotiation.TheIEAdirectlyfacilitatedagreementonanambitiousJETPoutcome,asthekeytargetsfromtheJETPweredirectlyliftedfromtheIEA'snetzeroroadmap(notablythecommitmentforelectricitysectoremissionstopeakat290Mtandtoachieveashareofrenewablesinelectricitygenerationof34%by2030).1TheIPGcomprisesthegovernmentsofJapan,theUnitedStates,Canada,Denmark,Germany,France,Norway,ItalyandtheUnitedKingdom,andtheEuropeanUnion.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE32IEA.CCBY4.0.Infact,severalmajoraspectsoftheroadmapinformedkeytargetsintheIndonesiaJETP,includingIEAanalysisshowingthatIndonesiacouldachieveapeakinitselectricitysectoremissionsby2030toputthemonapathtoreachingnetzerobyaround2050.Otherimportantelementsincluded:theurgencyoftheearlyscalingupofrenewablepower,suchassolar,wind,hydro,geothermalandbioenergy;thecriticalimportanceofinternationalsupportforfinancingsuchapathway;andensuringtheenergysuppliesneededforIndonesiatotakeadvantageoftheeconomicopportunitiesofthetransitioninareassuchascriticalmineralsandcleanenergytechnologies.TotalenergyCO2emissionsbysectorintheIndonesiaintheAnnouncedPledgesScenario,2010-2060AnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia,IEA,2022CarbonpricinginIndonesiaIndonesiaisworkingtowardsthedevelopmentandimplementationofadomesticETSforthepowerandindustrialsectorsasoneofthepolicymechanismstohelpmeetthetargetsinitsnationallydeterminedcontribution(NDC)andfosterlow-carbonsustainabledevelopment.TheIEAanditscounterpartsintheOECDCleanEnergyFinanceandInvestmentMobilisationProgrammeandMEMRhostedaseriesoffocusgroupdiscussionstosupportthisgoal,allowingrelevantinternationalexperiencetobesharedwithIndonesiancounterparts.Thesefocusgroupdiscussions,heldbetweenFebruaryandMay,allowedin-depthanalysisofavarietyofelementscriticaltothedevelopmentofaneffectiveETS,eachrelevanttotheIndonesiancontext.Eacheventattractedalargenumberofparticipantsandgeneratedlivelydiscussion.TheproceedingsweredocumentedandpublishedinasummarypaperthatservestoguidetheIndonesiangovernmentinitsdeliberationsonthedesignoftheETS.IndonesianofficialswereCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE33IEA.CCBY4.0.alsoinvitedtoparticipateinajointIEA-InternationalCarbonActionPartnership-Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftungin-personeventattheAsiaPacificClimateSummit2022inSingaporeinDecember,wherecarbonpricingintheregionwasdiscussed.SubsequentlytheIEAhostedafurtherfocusgroupdiscussionforthepurposeofexaminingthetreatmentofsmallergeneratorsundercarbonpricingregimeselsewhere,withaviewtoinformingtheongoingdesignandimplementationdiscussioninIndonesia.Duringthisevent,countryexpertssharedtheirexperienceofpricingtheemissionsofsmallergenerators.Oncemore,alargenumberofparticipantsjoinedtheevent,theoutcomeofwhichhasinformedthenextphaseofthisworkprogramme.Analyticaloutputincludedashortguidancenotebasedontheoutcomeofthedialoguesessions,presentedtoMEMRforthepurposeofinformingthenextstageoftheETSdesignprocess.EnergyefficiencyinIndonesiaTheIEA’sworkonenergyefficiencyinIndonesiafocusedonroadmaps,policyreformandreporting.IndustryTheIEAcontinueditsworkwiththeIndonesiangovernmentonindicatorsandbenchmarkingfortheindustrialsector.Foramorein-depthunderstandingofaspecificsub-sector,inMayweheldaworkshoponenergyefficiencyinIndonesia’spulpandpapersector.Theeventgathered94participantsandincludedpresentationsfromSouthAfrica’sNationalEnergyDevelopmentInstituteandBrazil’sEnergyResearchOfficeontheirmanagementofdatacollectionandindicatorsforindustry,inparticularthepulpandpapersector.TransportAttherequestoftheIndonesiangovernment,theIEAsupportedthecountry’sdevelopmentoffueleconomystandards,whichareidentifiedasplayingakeyroleinimprovingvehicleefficiencytohelpachieveitsnetzerogoals.Weundertookascopingstudytolookatthecurrentstatusofdataandotherrequirementsforimplementingfueleconomystandards.Twoworkshopsunderpinnedthestudy,witheachworkshopinvolvingover70Indonesianstakeholdersfromacrossgovernment(includingMEMRandtheMinistryofTransport)andtheprivatesector.AnintegralpartofthesecondworkshopwasanexchangewithIndiadrawingonitsexperienceofimplementingfueleconomystandards.Ourscopingstudyreportprovidedasummaryofrelevantdata,identifiedgapsandprovideddetailedsuggestionsforthenextstepstomeetdataneedsrelatingtotheCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE34IEA.CCBY4.0.implementationofstandardsinthelongerterm.TheoutcomesofthereporthaveinformedtheIndonesiangovernment'sworkwithdataproviderstoaddressthesegaps,aswellasprovidingkeyinsightsintothemetricstobecapturedinIndonesia'snewtransportenergydatareportingsystem(POME).WearecurrentlyindiscussionswiththeIndonesiangovernmentonthenextstepsforoursupportasitrelatestotheimplementationoffueleconomystandards.Inrelatedwork,attherequestoftheIndonesiangovernmenttheIEAprovidedsupportforthedevelopmentofPOME,thecountry’snewenergyreportingsystemforthetransportsector.Thisisthefirsttimethatthetransportsectorhasbeenrequiredtoreportitsenergyuse.Weprovideddetailedguidanceonthedatareportingtemplatesthatunderpintheenergyreportingsystem.Thisincludedguidanceonthemetricstouseaswellasthecategoriestobecovered.Thesesuggestionshavebeenadoptedinthetemplates.Asonlylimitedtransportdatareportingiscurrentlyrequired,theupgradingofthereportingsystemwillassisttheIndonesiangovernmentinitscollection,analysisanduseofdataforthedevelopmentoftransportenergyefficiencyindicatorsandotherpolicies.BuildingsandappliancesTheASEANroadmapsonefficientbuildingsandcooling,publishedinApril,formedthebasisoftheIEA’smeetingwithIndonesia’sDirectorateofEnergyConservationandtheMinistryofPublicWorkstodiscussfutureareasofcollaborationandpotentialimplementationactivities.WepreparedasummarypaperoutliningpotentialimplementationareasforIndonesiaandshareditwithparticipantsfortheirfeedback.Tosupportthisworkprogramme,wealsodraftedanarticledescribinghowdigitaldatacollectioncanassistinthedevelopmentofenergyefficiencypoliciesforairconditionersinIndonesia.InDecember,attherequestofMEMRandtosupportitspolicydecisionmaking,theIEAprovidedIndonesiawithareportoninternationalbestpracticesforenergyefficiencybenchmarkinginbuildings.Cross-sectoralTheIEAcontinuedtosupportIndonesia’scontributiontotheglobaldialogueonenergyefficiencybyprovidingplatformsforcollaborationandpolicyexchange,inparticularthroughIndonesia’s2022G20presidency.WealsopresentedontheenergyefficiencypaneloftheIndonesiaSustainableEnergyWeek,outliningglobalenergyefficiencydevelopmentsandkeyconsiderationsforenergyefficiencyforIndonesia.Thissupportwillcontinuein2023asIndonesiatakesoverasChairofASEANandchampionsregionalco-ordinationeffortsonenergyefficiency.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE35IEA.CCBY4.0.FollowingupontheanalysisusedfortheIndonesiaNetZeroRoadmapandtosupportthecountryinmeetingitsambitiousclimategoals,theIEA’senergyefficiencyteamputtogetherapolicyreviewthatprovidesin-depthanalysisofIndonesia’sexistingpolicyframeworkandlaysoutkeyareaswhereinternationalandIEAsupportcouldhelpbridgecurrentpolicygaps.WeprovidedMEMRwiththepolicyreviewinDecember,detailinghowpolicygapsacrossdifferentsectorscanbefilledthroughapolicypackageapproachthatincludesregulation,informationandincentives.Therecommendationsfromthatpolicyreviewwerewellreceivedandformthebasisofthe2023workplan.RenewablesintegrationinIndonesiaTheIEAcontinueditsanalyticalstudiesandeventsfocusingontheenhancementofIndonesia’spowersystemandrenewablesintegration,inliaisonwithMEMR,thestateelectricitycompany(PerusahaanListrikNegara[PLN])andothernationalinstitutions.OurworkincludedacasestudyontheCirata145MWfloatingsolarPVplant,thelargesthybridhydro-PVplantinSoutheastAsiaatthetime,describinghowtomaximisethebenefitsoftheproject,highlightingoptionsforitssecureintegrationintotheJava-Baligridandgivingrecommendationsinviewofthefurtherexpansionofvariablerenewableelectricity.Next,weundertookadetailedanalysisoftheJava-BaliandSumatrapowersystemsinthecontextofIndonesia’s2025renewableenergytargets.Thistaskentaileddetailedtechno-economicmodellingtoassesssystemrequirementsandflexibilityoptions.WepresentedtheresultstoIndonesianstakeholdersinAprilandthekeyoutcomesofthereportwerediscussedinaworkshopinJune.ThefinalversionofthereportwaspublishedinAugust.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022IndonesiaPAGE36IEA.CCBY4.0.TheIEAalsoreviewedIndonesia’snewPresidentialDecreeonrenewableenergy,providinginsightsandfeedbackinanonlinemeetingwithgovernmentrepresentatives.AcleardemonstrationoftheimpactofourengagementwithIndonesiacamefromrepresentativesoftheMEMRinSeptember2022,ataworkshopclosingtheCleanEnergyTransitionsinEmergingEconomiesproject,deliveredaspartoftheCETP.TheydescribedhowtrustwiththeIEAhadbeenbuiltovertimesincetheCiratafloatingsolarprojectcollaboration,whichstartedin2020,andallowedforanincreasinglysuccessfulpolicydialogue.TheyfurtherdescribedhowIEA’sworkonattractingprivateinvestmentintransmissionsystemsandwheelingmechanismsprovidedinputforarenewableenergylawinIndonesia,issuedattheendof2022.TheyunderlinedthatthisworkpavedthewayfortheIndonesiaNetZeroRoadmap,supportedbytheCETP.TheyalsoexplainedthattheenergytransitioninIndonesia,inadditiontohydropower,willneedtorelyonsolarenergytoreachthe2060netzerotarget.Inthisspecificrespect,thispresentationdemonstratedtheimpactofrelevantIEAworkdonetoassesstheimpactofhighersharesofrenewableenergyonthepowersystem,andtoidentifytechnical,regulatoryandpolicyactionstoensurethecost-effectivenessandreliabilityofthecleanenergytransition.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE37IEA.CCBY4.0.SoutheastAsiaHighlightsLaunchoftheSoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2022SupportforThailandintheprocessofdesigningandimplementationofitsClimateChangeActSupportforCambodiainitschairmanshipoftheASEANpresidencyDeliveryoftheRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructionandtheRoadmaptowardsSustainableandEnergy-EfficientSpaceCoolingtosupportthedevelopmentofenergyefficiencypoliciesintheASEANregionAseriesofregionalworkshopstocatalysenationalandregionalprogressonminimumenergyperformancestandardsfortheASEANLowCarbonEnergyProgrammeOfficialreviewoftheASEANInterconnectionMasterplanStudyIIIPhase3,whichestablishedthemaindirectioninwhichtheregion’sinterconnectionswillbedeveloped,withgreatpotentialforincreasingtheintegrationofrenewablesTrainingonefficientgrid-interactivebuildings–the6thAnnualTrainingEventundertheSingapore-IEARegionalTrainingHubTheIEAcontinuedtobuildonitsstrongandimportantrelationshipwithSoutheastAsiancountries.Asnetenergyimporters,ASEANenergymarketsfacedmultifacetedchallengesin2022:globalsupplyconstraintsandaffordabilityissuescausedbytheRussianFederation(hereafter,“Russia”)’sinvasionofUkraine,adifficulteconomicrecoveryaftertheCovid-19pandemic,andapressingneedtoensuresecureandjustenergytransitions.UnderthechairmanshipofCambodia,ASEANmadeconsiderableeffortstowardsenergysecurityandenergytransitionsforitsmembers,strengthenedtheirenergyco-operationandfurtherinvestedinthedevelopmentofinterconnectionsintheregion.SoutheastAsiancountriesaresettoplayanevengreaterroleinglobalenergytransitionsinthecomingdecades,astheirmarketsandpopulationscontinuetogrowrapidlyandtheycontinuetosupplycriticalmineralsandmanufacturecleanenergyproducts.Giventheimportanceoftheregion,theIEAhassupportedCambodiainitschairmanship,aswellasASEANworkonenergypolicythrough:•ReportssuchastheSoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2022.•Studiesonpolicyintegration,interconnectionsandenergyefficiencyforbuildingsandtransport,amongothers.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE38IEA.CCBY4.0.•Capacitydevelopmentandworkshops.•SingaporeandThailandremainedkeypartnercountriesandwelookforwardtosupportingIndonesiainitschairmanshipduring2023.SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2022TheSoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2022isthefiftheditionofthisWorldEnergyOutlookSpecialReport.BuildingonitsimportantpartnershipwithSoutheastAsia,theIEAhaspublishedthesestudiesonaregularbasissince2013.ThestudiesofferinsightfulprospectsforthetenmembercountriesoftheASEANcountries.Sincethelasteditionofthisreport,theenergyprospectsforSoutheastAsiahavebeenaffectedbytheCovid-19pandemic,newenergyandclimatepolicycommitmentsand,mostrecently,highandvolatilepricesexacerbatedbyRussia’sinvasionofUkraine.Covid-19ledtoamajoreconomicshockforcountriesinSoutheastAsiaandtheeconomicrecoverynowrisksbeingslowedbyhigherenergyprices.IntherunuptotheUNClimateChangeConference(COP26)inNovember2021,severalgovernmentsinSoutheastAsiaannouncedambitioustargetsforreachingneutralityandcurbingrelianceoncoal-firedpower.Againstthisbackdropofnewuncertaintiesandambitions,thisreportexploredpossibletrajectoriesforSoutheastAsia’senergysector,differentiatedprimarilybythepoliciespursuedbygovernmentsacrosstheregion.ItreliesonthescenariosincludedinthelatesteditionoftheWorldEnergyOutlookandanalysesfourkeyareasindepth:investmentforthecleanenergytransition,powersectorCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE39IEA.CCBY4.0.decarbonisationfocusingonsystemflexibility,low-carbonfuels,andthesupplyanddemandofcriticalminerals.ThereportstressedthattotalenergyinvestmentwouldneedtoreachUSD190billionayearby2030tomeettheregion’sclimategoals,upfromaroundUSD70billionayearbetween2016and2020.Whileinternationaldevelopmentfinanceisessential,thereportsaysASEANmemberscouldreducefinancingcostsandattractprivateinvestorsbysignallingtheirclearcommitmenttodeploylow-carbonenergyandbyimprovingregulatoryandfinancingframeworks.SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2022,IEA,2022Accordingtothereport,SoutheastAsiaissettoplayamajorroleinglobalenergytransitionsasakeysupplierofcriticalmineralsandmanufacturerofcleanenergyproducts.IndonesiaandthePhilippinesarethetwolargestnickelproducersintheworld;IndonesiaandMyanmararethesecondandthirdlargesttinproducers;Myanmaraccountsfor13%ofglobalrareearthproduction;andSoutheastAsiaprovides6%oftheworld’sbauxite.Meanwhile,MalaysiaandVietNamaretheworld’ssecondandthirdlargestmanufacturersofsolarPVmodules,whileThailandisthe11thlargestcarmanufacturerintheworldandcouldbecomeakeymanufacturinghubforelectricvehicles.Investmentinmineralexplorationhasdeclinedinrecentyears,andtheregion’sshareoftheglobalmineralexplorationbudgethashalvedsince2012.ThistrendneedstoreverseifSoutheastAsiaistorealiseitspotentialinthisgrowingsector.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE40IEA.CCBY4.0.ClimatepolicyinThailandTheIEAbuiltonworkcompletedinpreviousyearstosupportThaipolicymakersinthedesignandimplementationofclimatepolicies,mindfulofthefactthatThailandiscurrentlyintheprocessofadoptingitsClimateChangeAct.Workin2022expandedontheanalysisconductedoverthepasttwoyearsoncarbonpricingandpolicyintegrationforthecleanenergytransitioninThailand,aswellasrelatedactivitiesintheSoutheastAsiaregion.TheprojectleveragedIEAexpertiseandexperienceofworkingoninternationalclimatepoliciesnotjustinSoutheastAsia,butalsowiththeOECDmembershipandamongotherCETPcountries.Withthisinmind,twoanalyticalreportswereprepared:•Areportontheroleoftradablecertificateschemesincleanenergytransitions,whichexaminesbestpracticeelsewherewithaviewtoitsapplicationsintheThaicontext.•Areportonmeasuresthathavebeen,orwillbe,adopteddomesticallyinThailandtosupportthecleanenergytransition.Thereportswereproducedinco-operationwithChiangMaiUniversityandtheThailandGreenhouseGasManagementOrganization(TGO).ThereportswerereviewedbyThaipartnersandunderwentexternalpeerreviewwithaviewtopublicationinthefirstquarterof2023.Thisworkwillbeusedtosupportthedevelopmentofpolicies,mostnotablyintheThaiindustrialsectorwithapossibleemphasisonCCUS.Otheroutputsincluded:•PolicyintegrationstudiesforTGO,namelythefinalisationoftwopapersonclimateandenergypolicyintegration,thefirstdrawingoutkeylessonsfrominternationalexperiencewithtradablecertificates,andthesecondacasestudyonhowtheselessonscouldapplyinThailand.Bothpaperswillbepublishedinthesecondquarterof2023.•TechnicalexchangewithThaistakeholders,incollaborationwithTGO,tocommunicatethefindingsoftheanalysisthroughaworkshopandlaunchevent.ASEANrenewablesintegrationsupportCETPfundingwasusedtoadvanceworkontheregionalintegrationoftheSoutheastAsianpowersystem.Thiswascarriedoutinco-operationwithASEANanddifferentorganisationsunderit,focusingonbuildinguponpreviousworkonmultilateralpowertrading.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE41IEA.CCBY4.0.ThefirstoutputwasareviewoftheASEANInterconnectionMasterplanStudy(AIMS)IIIPhase3,wheretheIEAreviewedtheframeworkandtermsofreferenceforthestudy.AIMSisledbytheASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE)andestablishesthemaindirectioninwhichtheregion’sinterconnectionsaretobedeveloped,withgreatpotentialforincreasingtheintegrationofrenewables.ThesecondoutputfocusedonsupportingtheCambodianASEANchairmanshiponthetopicofdevelopingthecapacityoftheASEANEnergyRegulatoryNetwork(AERN).Throughaseriesofthreeworkshops,theIEAsharedwithAERNmembersexperiencesofmultilateralpowertradingacrosstheworldthroughpeer-to-peerlearning.EachworkshopwasledbytheIEAanddeliveredbyoneormoreexpertsfromthreedifferentregionalnetworks:CentralAmerica(26April),Europe(25May)andSouthernAfrica(13July).Theworkshopsallowedfortheprivateexchangeofexperiencesbetweentheseregulators,aswellastheestablishmentoffurtherrelationsbetweenregionalregulatorsandASEAN.Eachworkshopwasattendedbymorethan25participants,representingthe10memberstatesofASEAN.ThesecapacitydevelopmenteventsstrengthenedtheknowledgeandabilityofAERNmemberstounderstandtheroleoftheinstitutionsneededtofurtherdevelopmultilateralpowertradinginSoutheastAsia.Afinalworkshopissettotakeplaceinearly2023asawrap-upsessionandalinktofurtherworkintheregionundertheCETP.EnergyefficiencyinSoutheastAsiaEnergyefficiencyinbuildingsandapplianceswasamajorfocusfortheASEANworkplanfortheyear.BuildingsTheIEAdeliveredapairofASEANroadmapsincollaborationwithASEANmemberstatesthroughtheEnergyEfficiencyandConservationSubSectorNetwork,theASEANSecretariatandACE.Theprojectaimedtohelpaddressincreasingenergydemandandemissionsandtoimprovecollaborationbetweenstakeholdersintheregion.Thetworoadmaps,theRoadmapforEnergy-EfficientBuildingsandConstructionandtheRoadmaptowardsSustainableandEnergy-EfficientSpaceCooling,werepublishedinApril2022,alongsidealauncheventco-ordinatedbytheIEAandACE,whichincludedpresentationsbyenergyefficiencyexpertsfromacrosstheASEANregion.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE42IEA.CCBY4.0.InOctobertheIEAdeliveredapresentationonASEANroadmapsatawebinarorganisedbytheWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)todiscussdecarbonisationsolutionsforcities.ThispresentationlookedathowSoutheastAsiancitiescanharnessbuildingdecarbonisationmeasurestoconfronttheclimateemergency.InpartnershipwiththeCarbonTrustandtheInternationalCopperAlliance,theIEAcontributedtoaseriesofinternationalworkshopstocatalysenationalandregionalprogressonminimumenergyperformancestandards(MEPS)fortheASEANLowCarbonEnergyProgramme.InAugusttheIEApresentedatafurtherwebinarorganisedbytheWRItodiscusscoolingsolutionsforbuildingdecarbonisation.WepresentedoncoolingpolicypackagesandthemultiplebenefitsofimprovingtheenergyefficiencyofspacecoolingthatwereoutlinedintheASEANspacecoolingroadmap.Theroadmapsprojectandthefollow-upactivitiestodisseminateandpresenttheroadmapshavehelpedASEANtoachievepartofitsactionplanforenergyfor2021-2025,whichseekstodevelopandimplementregionalandnationalpolicyroadmapsforMEPSandtoconductinformationsharingonenergyefficiencyinbuildings.BuildingupontherecommendationsoftheASEANroadmapsandoutcomesofthestakeholderconsultationswiththerepresentativesofASEANmemberstates,thesynergiesbetweenenergyefficiencyinbuildingsanddigitalisationwereidentifiedasakeyareaofinterestforpolicymakers.Inthisregard,theconceptofefficientgrid-interactivebuildingswasidentifiedasapriorityforfurtheranalyticalandpolicyworkinASEAN.ThiswasthemaintopicofthesixthannualtrainingeventundertheSingapore-IEARegionalTrainingHub,CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE43IEA.CCBY4.0.whichwasco-organisedbytheIEAandSingapore’sEnergyMarketAuthorityinJulyaspartoftheircontinuedpartnership.IEA.Allrightreserved.ScreenshotofthefirstsessionofthesixthannualtrainingeventundertheSingapore-IEARegionalTrainingHub,5July2022Over150participantsfrom20countriesattendedthetraining.Aroundone-thirdoftheparticipantswerefromnationalgovernments,witharoundhalfoftheseparticipantsbeingseniorofficials.Participantsexpressedhighlevelsofsatisfactionwiththetraining–98%ofthosewhorespondedtothepost-trainingevaluationsurveyexpressedtheirsatisfactionwithanoverallscoreof80%orhigher.Morethan40expertsfromtheIEAandotherinstitutionssupportedthetrainingwiththeirexpertisethroughaseriesofpresentations,interactivebreakoutsessionsandassignments.Itallowedfortheidentificationofanumberofinternationalbestpractices,casestudiesandbenefitsthatefficientgrid-interactivebuildingscanoffer.BasedontheinsightsgatheredduringthetrainingandincollaborationwithACE,wedesignedapolicy-orientedanalyticalstudytoinformpolicymakersofthevariousopportunitiesforandbarrierstointeractivitybetweenefficientbuildingsandthegrid,basedoninternationalbestpracticetailoredtotheASEANcontext.Wecollecteddataandinformationfortheanalysisfromsecondarysourcesthroughdesktopresearch,aswellasthroughaseriesofinterviewswithin-countryexpertsonbuildingsandtheelectricitysector(atleastoneexpertoneachofthetopicsineachASEANcountry).Intotal,weinterviewed14expertsforthisstudy.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE44IEA.CCBY4.0.ThedraftreportisexpectedtobecompletedinApril2023andthepreliminaryresultstobesharedwithASEANstakeholdersduringaworkshopinMay.Thefeedbackfromthisworkshopwillbeincorporatedintothefinalversionofthereport,whichwillaimtoinformpolicymakersonhowbuildings-to-gridinteractivitycouldbeincorporatedintothepolicyandprojectdevelopmentprocesses.InJunetheIEAco-hostedwiththeAsianDevelopmentBankadetailedworkshopattheAsiaCleanEnergyForum,entitled“Energyefficiencyforasecureandnetzeroemissionsenergysystem”.Theworkshoplookedattheroleofinnovativetechnologiesforimprovingtheenergyefficiencyofbuildingsandcasestudiesondifferentbusinessmodels.AppliancesIEAworkonapplianceefficiencyinSoutheastAsiafocusedonmarketdata.Wecollectedmarketinformationonthepriceandefficiencyofairconditioners,refrigeratorsandfansusingcrowdsourcingtechniqueswiththesupportofPREMISE.Countrieswherethisinformationwascollectedcomprised:Indonesia,thePhilippines,Thailand,VietNamandMalaysia.Thesedatasupporttheunderstandingofthedistributionofnewefficientproductssold(i.e.trackingtheaverageandbesttechnologyovertime)aswellasthemarketpriceversusitsefficiencycurve.Thisanalysisisbeingusedtoinfluencepolicydecisionsinvariouscountries.Todate,thedatahavebeenusedintheEnergyEfficiency2022marketreport,LatinAmericaandsub-Saharantrainingweeks,andcommunicationswithgovernmentsparticipatinginSEAD(e.g.LatinAmericaPathway,ASEAN).InApriltheIEAparticipatedintheannualspringEnergyEfficiencyandConservationSubSectorNetworkmeetingsandsideeventonefficiencyinthetransportsector.Cross-sectoralBuildingonagrowingworkprogrammeinSoutheastAsia,thisyeartheIEAEnergyEfficiency2022reportincludedaspecialchapterontheASEANregion.ThischapterofthetechnicalreportpresentedanalysisofASEANenergyusetrends,sectoralconsiderationsforenergyefficiency,andwaystoraiseenergyefficiencyambitionintheregion.Atthereport’slauncheventandworkingpartymeeting,theIEApresentedthespecialchapterandslidesonASEANtoshowcasethisregionalfocus.CriticalmineralsinSoutheastAsiaOuranalysisofthemajorchallengesandtasksfacingSoutheastAsiainthesustainabledevelopmentofitsresourcescentredonadedicatedsectiononcriticalmineralsintheSoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2022.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE45IEA.CCBY4.0.SoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2022,IEA,2022Inaddition,weorganisedaseriesofbilateraldiscussionswithkeyAsiangovernments(e.g.India,thePhilippinesandIndonesia)andotherimportantstakeholders(e.g.theASEANSecretariatandCentreforEnergy,theUNEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsia-Pacific,theInstituteofEnergyEconomicsJapan,andtheKoreanEnergyEconomicsInstitute)topromoteknowledgeexchangeandprovidesupportforpolicydevelopment.TheIEAalsoparticipatedinregion-specificworkshopsandeventstopresentanalysisonthetopic.TheCriticalMineralPolicyTracker,launchedinNovember,highlightedprominentpoliciesandregulationsalreadyinplaceinSoutheastAsiancountries(suchasIndonesiaandthePhilippines)thatenhancethesecurityofsupply,incentivisenewresourcedevelopmentandensuresustainableandresponsibleproduction.CleanelectricitytransitioninThailandEngagementwithpolicymakersinThailandonthetopicofelectricitymarketsbeganwiththeanalyticalIEAreportThailandPowerSystemFlexibilityStudy,whichwaspublishedin2021andreceivedhigh-levelrecognitionatthebeginningof2022.Inbilateraldiscussions,theThaiMinistryofEnergyandtheElectricityGeneratingAuthorityofThailand(EGAT)havecitedouranalysisoftechnicalandcontractualflexibilityasanextremelyvaluableanalysisthatsupportstheshapingoftheNationalEnergyPlan.Thecloseco-operationbetweentheIEAandThaipolicymakerscontinuedaftertheconclusionofthestudy,withtheIEAdirectlysupportingpolicydevelopmentinCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SoutheastAsiaPAGE46IEA.CCBY4.0.thecountry.AjointstudyprogrammebetweentheIEA,EGATandtheThaiMinistryofEnergywasdraftedfor2022-2023,outliningtheIEA’ssupportforThailand’scleanelectricitytransition.In2022thisincludedregularexchangeswithEGATandtheMinistryofEnergyofThailand,andtheprovisionofarticles,reportsandrecommendations.Forexample,inthesummerweprovidedasetofrecommendations,buildingonthefindingsoftheflexibilitystudy,asinputtotheThaipowerdevelopmentplannegotiations.Aclosed-doormeetingwasheldbetweentheMinistryofEnergy,EGATandtheIEAtopresentthemainrecommendationsandanswerquestionsfromThaistakeholders.ThesecondoutputofthisworkstreamwasatechnicalreportontheroleofhybridPVtechnologiesinThailand'spowersystemdecarbonisation,publishedinNovember.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE47IEA.CCBY4.0.ChinaHighlightsDirectclosed-doorcollaborationonpowersectorreforms,resultinginremarkablepolicyimpact:IEArecommendationswerereflectedinChina’sFive-YearPlanforRenewableEnergyDevelopment.Inaddition,referencestotheIEAwereincludedinfivenationalpolicydocumentsonenergyandclimate,callingforrelevantministriesandcompaniestostrengthenco-operation.SupportforChina’sMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmenttoimprovetheworld’slargestemissionstradingsystem,includingdirectexchanges,publicationofEnhancingChina’sETSforCarbonNeutrality:FocusonPowerSectorandaclosed-doorworkshoporganisedinMayattheministry’srequesttodevelopfurtherimplementationguidance.The8thIEA-TsinghuaAnnualWorkshoponthenear-termpolicy,technologyandfinancingoptionsfordecarbonisingspaceheating.InclusionintheIEAEnergyEfficiencyMarketReport2022ofanadditionalChina-specificchapteronevolvingenergyservicecompanies.TheIEAhasalsoreleasedanabridgedChineseversionofthereport.ReleaseofTrackingCleanEnergyInnovation–FocusonChina,ananalysisfollowinguponthesuccessfulEnergySectorRoadmaptoCarbonNeutralityinChina.TheinnovationworkstreamalsoincludedasuccessfulworkshoponCleanEnergyInnovationinChina:TheRoadAhead,organisedinSeptemberwiththeEU-ChinaEnergyCooperationPlatform.TheIEAenjoyedremarkablesuccessesandpolicyimpactinChinaduringtheyear.NotableexamplesaretheinclusionofIEApolicyrecommendationsinChina’s14thFive-YearPlanforRenewableEnergyDevelopment(2021-2025),andreferencestotheIEAinfivenationalpolicydocumentsonenergyandclimate,callingforrelevantministriesandcompaniestostrengthenco-operation.Addedtothat,numeroushigh-levelexchanges–includingatthe2022IEAMinisterialandCOP27–highlightedtheIEA’simportanceasaknowledgepartnerandmultilateralplatformforIEAmemberengagementwithChina.2022wasachallengingyearforChina,marredbyreducedeconomicgrowthandenergysupplyissueslinkedtoextremeweatherconditions.AsaresultofthewarinUkraineandglobalenergymarketupheaval,Chinacontinuedtoprioritiseenergysecurity,specificallydomesticcoalminingandthermalpowergenerationtoalleviatedemandpressureonitsgrids.Atthesametime,Chinacontinuedtolaythepolicyfoundationforits2060carbonneutralitygoalandintroducedCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE48IEA.CCBY4.0.ambitiouscleanenergytargets.DespitethesechallengesandstringentCovid-19lockdownsthatimpededtraveltoandfromChina,theIEAmanagedtomaintainconstructivetechnicalexchangeswithChinesecounterparts.Chineseministriesandstate-ownedenterprisesreachedouttotheIEAonnumerousoccasionsforinsightsonenergymarketdevelopments.WiththerelaxationofCovid-19restrictionsattheendof2022,partnersexpressedstronginterestinresumingin-personengagementsin2023.IEA.Allrightreserved.Dr.FatihBirolwithMinisterXieZhenhua,SpecialEnvoyforClimateChange,MinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,atCOP27EnergyefficiencyinChinaTheIEAcontinueditscloseco-operationonenergyefficiencywithChina’sNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission(NDRC)inaccordancewiththejointmemorandumofunderstandingsignedinOctober2018.InabilateralmeetinginJanuary2023betweenIEAandtheNDRCDepartmentofResourceConservationandEnvironmentalProtection,bothsidesoutlinedtheircommitmenttocontinuedco-operationonjointresearch,policydialogue,experiencesharingandcapacitybuildingonenergyefficiency.ThisincludedexploringopportunitiesforjointanalysisontheroleofenergyefficiencyinimplementationofChina’spolicyframeworktoachievecarbonneutralityandforCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE49IEA.CCBY4.0.carbonemissionstopeakatthesectorlevel,andfurtheringco-operationonenergyefficiencyindicatorsandtraining.Buildingonthe2021reportAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoCarbonNeutralityinChina,theIEAengagedwithnationalandsector-specificplayerstodeepenunderstandingoftheroleofenergyefficiencyindeliveringpeak-carbonandcarbonneutralitytargets.Inparticular,thisfocusedonthebuildingsandheatingsectors,butalsoexploredcloserengagementonefficientappliancesandindustry.COP27InNovembertheIEAsupportedaCOP27ChinaPavilionEventontheforthcomingChinaEnergyTransformationOutlook2023,organisedbyNDRCEnergyResearchInstitute(ERI).Ourparticipationinanexpertpaneldiscussionprovidedtheopportunitytoengagewithexperts,includingthosefromtheNDRC,NDRCERIandtheChineseAcademyofSciencestounderstandtheanalysisandprioritiesinthereportandhighlighttheimportanceofenergyefficiencytoChina’senergytransition.Followingthisopportunity,wehavebeenindiscussionwithNDRCERIonhowtoprovideinputtofutureversionsoftheoutlook.IEA.Allrightreserved.EventontheChinaEnergyTransformationOutlook2023atCOP27ChinaPavilion,November20228thIEA-TsinghuaAnnualJointWorkshopInOctobertheIEAorganisedasuccessful8thIEA-TsinghuaAnnualWorkshoponthenear-termpolicy,technologyandfinancingoptionsfordecarbonisingspaceheating.Theonlinepublicworkshopattractedover200participants,withexpertCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE50IEA.CCBY4.0.speakersfromtheIEA,theNDRC,TsinghuaUniversity,ChineseNationalInstituteofStandardisation,theDanishEnergyAgency,theJapanBuildingResearchInstituteandtheGermanEnergyAgency.DuringtheworkshopNDRCEnergyConservationDivisionDirector,KunQin,highlightedtheimportantroleoftheworkshopasaplatformforsharingkeypoliciesandtechnologiesavailabletoreducebuildingssectoremissions.IEA.Allrightreserved.8thIEA-TsinghuaAnnualJointWorkshop,October2022ThisworkshopandthedirectsupportprovidedbypartnersalsoallowedtheIEAtocollectup-to-dateinformationontrendsanddevelopmentsintheChineseheatpumpmarket,whichprovidedvaluableinputsfortheforthcomingreports,TheFutureofHeatPumpsandEnergyTechnologyPerspectives2023.EnergyEfficiencyMarketReportInMarchtheIEAproducedanabridgedChineseversionofitsEnergyEfficiencyMarketReport2021inanarticleinChineseInvestmentMagazine,entitled“Investinginefficiency:keyforcarbonneutralityandeconomy”.ThearticlewaspostedontheofficialWechataccountandsharedwithexpertsfromstakeholdersincludingTsinghuaUniversityandtheChineseNationalInstituteofStandardisation.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE51IEA.CCBY4.0.InNovembersupportfromChina’sEnergyManagementConservationAssociationhelpedtheIEAtodraftasectionforEnergyEfficiencyMarketReport2022entitled“ChinacontinuestodriveglobalgrowthinESCOmarket”.AdditionalanalysiswasdrawnfromapriorAugust2021reportentitledEvolvingEnergyServiceCompaniesinChina.ElectricitysecurityTheIEAcontinuedtoengagewithChinatosupportitspowersectorreforms,withafocusonthenationalguidancetoestablishaunifiednationalelectricitymarketsystem(DocumentNo.118),releasedbytheNDRCandNationalEnergyAdministration(NEA)inJanuary2022.TheIEAhostedtwowebinarsthatfedintoongoingworkonpowermarketsinChina.Areportisplannedforpublicationin2023.Asaresultofthisengagement,theIEAwasinvitedtodeliverkeynotespeechesonthetopicatseveraleventshostedbyChineseentitiesandinternationalpartners.ThisshouldsupportaconsistentprogrammeofworkforthenexttwotothreeyearswiththeNEAandotherChineseinstitutions.SeptembersawthethirdwebinaronChina’spowersectortransformation,co-hostedbytheIEA,theChinaElectricPowerPlanning&EngineeringInstitute,theCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE52IEA.CCBY4.0.DanishembassyinBeijing,theDanishEnergyAgencyandGIZ,withsupportfromtheEuropeanCommission.Thefocuswasonmarkets,articulatedaroundthefollowinghigh-levelquestions:Whatarethekeycomponentsofelectricitysecuritythroughoutthetransition,amidthegrowinguncertaintiesoninternationalmarkets?Howisflexibilityensuredinasystemwithahighshareofvariablerenewables,likewindandsolarpower?Howwillpowermarketsenableasecure,cleanenergytransition?Whataretheoptionsforimplementingaunifiedsystemofpowermarkets?Howiscarbonpricingsupportingasecure,cleanenergytransition?InDecemberweco-organisedaclosed-doorworkshopwithChineseexpertsontheroleofspotmarketsinChina’sunifiedpowermarketframework.DiscussionscentredonthetargetmarketdesignmodelsproposedbytheIEAandotherpossibleoptions,thetransitionalstepsfromtoday’sstatusquotowardsthepossibletargetmodels,andtheroleofvariousstakeholdersandtheimpactsofthemarketsonthem.RenewableenergypolicyTheIEAcontinuedtoco-operatewithChinaonrenewableenergypoliciesthroughout2022.ThisclosedialoguewiththeChineseadministrationbuiltuponoursuccessfulco-operationduring2021andresultedinavirtualIEA-NEAclosed-doorworkshoponrenewableenergypolicyinJanuary2023.Thisco-operationiswellestablishedandreflectedintheChinesepolicymakingprocess.Previously,theNEAhasacknowledgedtheIEA’scontributiontorenewableenergypolicydevelopmentinChinainaletterfromtheDirectorGeneraloftheNewandRenewableEnergyDepartment,MrLiChuangjun.Hestatedthat,“Thepolicyrecommendationsputforwardbythe[IEA]studynotonlydrawontheadvancedexperienceandpracticesofrelevantcountries,butalsoaretailoredtothecontextofChina’srenewableenergysector,thereforeprovidingreferencesignificanceforfurtherenrichingandimprovingthecoming14thFive-YearPlanonRenewableEnergyDevelopment”.ThefirstjointworkshoporganisedbytheIEAandNEAattheendof2021,onrenewableelectricitysupportpoliciesanddevelopment,theapplicationofrenewableenergyinthetransportsector,andrenewableenergyforheatinginChina,preparedthegroundforbothcontinueddialogueandpolicyresultsin2022.Whenthe14thFive-YearPlanforRenewableEnergyDevelopmentwaspublishedinJune2022,theIEAwashumbledtoseevariousrecommendationsprovidedbyourstudyandduringtheworkshopreflectedinthelaw.Themostnotablerecommendationtakenonboardinthe14thFive-YearPlanisthatforthefirsttimeChinadidnotpublishtechnology-specificcapacitytargets,butinsteadproposedabsoluterenewableelectricitygenerationandsharetargets–withcomparablesharestothoseproposedbytheIEA,inparticularforsolarandwind.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE53IEA.CCBY4.0.Thesecondmainareawastointroducetargetsfornon-electricitysectors.Forthefirsttime,Chinaproposedanoverarchinggoalfortheheatingsectortoreplace60Mtofstandardcoalconsumptionwithrenewableenergysourcesincludingbiomass,geothermalandsolarthermal.Inourreportwestated:“ChinashouldconsiderapackageofstrategicpoliciestoacceleraterenewableheatdeploymentinbuildingsandindustryinlinewiththeChina’snetzerotargetby2060”.TheIEAreporthadsuggested58Mtofcoalequivalentgrowthofrenewableheatintheperiod2019-2025wouldberequiredtoachieveChina’slong-termclimategoals.TheactualplanpublishedbyChinaincludedaheat-specifictargetclosetotheIEAanalyticaloutput.Thethirdmostnotablearearelatedtorecommendationstomovefromasubsidy-driventoamoremarket-orientedpowersystem,includingthroughtheimplementationofrenewableportfoliostandardswithagreencertificatesystemandafloorprice.The14thFive-YearPlanforRenewableEnergyDevelopmentforeseesthefollowingpolicygoalsby2025:•Acceleratelarge-scalerenewablesdeployment•Increasetheshareofrenewablesinoverallenergydemandgrowth,notonlyinelectricity•Shiftfromsubsidy-orientedtomarket-orientedrenewabledeploymentwithafixedpriceforthepurchaseofrenewableelectricity•PromoteastableandsecureelectricitysystemTheothermainareasofrenewableenergypolicyinwhichtheplantakesaccountoftheIEA’spolicyrecommendationstosomedegreeinclude:•ActivelypromotedistributedsolarPVandwind•Introducerenewableportfoliostandards,greencertificatesandcarbonmarkets•Increaseinterministerialandregionalco-ordination•Achievecostreductionsforrenewableelectricitytechnologies•Upgraderenewableenergyequipment•Increasethefocusonbioenergyanditssustainability•ExpandrenewableheatTheclosedialoguewithChinesepartnerscontinues.InthelatestworkshopheldinJanuary2023,theNEAconfirmeditsinterestandwillingnesstocontinuediscussionsonsomeoftheseareasinmoredetailin2023.Thefocuswillbeonmarket-orientedincentivesforrenewablepowerandonbioenergy.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE54IEA.CCBY4.0.CarbonpricinginChinaTheCETPenabledtheIEAtoprovideongoingsupportforChina’sMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment(MEE)toimprovetheworld’slargestETS.Thissupport–andthatofothers–resultedinMEEpublishingasignificantlymoreambitiousdraftallowanceallocationplanforthecomplianceperiod2021and2022.PublicationofEnhancingChina’sETSforCarbonNeutrality:FocusonPowerSectorwithTsinghuaUniversitytookplaceinMay,advisingChinaonenhancedETSdesignoptionsthatcould,togetherwithexistingrenewableenergypolicies,alignitselectricitysectorwithitscarbonneutralitytarget.Thereportlauncheventattractedabout2300viewersandwaspresentedatseveralsubsequenteventsincludingataCOP27ChinaPavilionside-event.ThereportwaswidelyreadbytheMEEandhelpedittocommunicateplanstoexpandtheETStoindustryandconsidertheintroductionofauctioningemissionsallowances.ItwasalsocoveredbymediaoutletsincludingS&PGlobalandCarbonBrief.Interestintheprojectandreportfindingshasledtoinvitationstopresentatvariousinternalandexternalevents,includingattheIEA’sthirdwebinaronChina’sPowerSectorTransformation,andaForumonIntegratedEnergySystemswithaHighProportionofRenewableEnergy,organisedbyChina'sStateGridEconomicandTechnologicalResearchInstitute,whichattracted300000viewers.KeyfindingsandrecommendationsfromthereportwereearlierdiscusseddirectlywithMEEpolicymakersinFebruary;theywelcomedthefindingsandrequestedfurtherinputsfromtheIEAforpolicyimplementation.Followingthepublicationofthereport,theMEEandaffiliatedresearchersstartedcommunicatingmoreactively–despiteaseriouseconomicdownturninChina–onplanstoexpandtheETStoindustryandintroducingauctioningbefore2025.Inaddition,ithelpedtheMEEpublishasignificantlymoreambitiousdraftallowanceallocationplanforthecomplianceperiod2021and2022.AtthemeetingwiththeIEA’sDeputyExecutiveDirectorduringCOP27,DirectorGeneralLiGaoemphasisedthestrongimportancetheMEEattachestocontinuedcollaborationwiththeIEAandwelcomedfurtherIEAinputonETS.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE55IEA.CCBY4.0.FollowingarequestfromtheMEEonexperiencesofallowanceauctioninginotherETSsworldwide,theIEAuseditsconveningpowertoorganisetogetherwithTsinghuaUniversityaclosed-doorworkshopinMay2022.TheworkshopallowedthesharingofinternationalexperiencesonintroducingallowanceauctioninginanETS.TheworkshopwasopenedbytheMEEandbenefitedfromtheparticipationofChina’sNationalCenterforClimateChangeStrategyandInternationalCooperation,ShanghaiEnergyandEnvironmentExchange,China’snationalETSRegistry,policymakersfromtheEuropeanUnion,Korea,NewZealandandMassachusetts,andselectedChineseandinternationalexperts.ItalsoservedasinputtothereportEnhancingChina’sETSforCarbonNeutrality:IntroducingAuctioning–LessonsfromInternationalExperience.ThisreportprovidesdetailedknowledgeandrecommendationsforChinesepolicymakersonthedesignandimplementationofauctioningaswellastheuseofauctionrevenues.Thereportwasfinalisedin2022,withaconsultationmeetingwiththeMEEandpublicationplannedinQ12023.Overall,theprojectiscontinuingtocontributetogreateravailabilityofevidenceandoptionsforstrengtheningChina’snationalETS,enablingtheMEEtopublishandimplementmoreambitiousETSregulations.Theprojectalsofacilitatedtheparticipationofhigh-levelChineseresearchersandbusinessexecutivesatthe22ndIEA-IETA-EPRIGHGEmissionsTradingWorkshop.Theproject’soutputshavealsoattractedinterestfromotherinternationalorganisationsincludingtheEuropeanCommission,WorldBankandIMF,whoreferencedtheIEA’sChinaETSpublicationsinexchangeswithandrecommendationstoChina.TheIMFis,forexample,planningtodrawontheIEA'sChinaETSpublicationsinitsupcoming2022ArticleIVConsultationwithChina.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022ChinaPAGE56IEA.CCBY4.0.InnovationpoliciesinChinaBuildingonthe2021reportAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoCarbonNeutralityinChina,whichproposesapathforChinatoachieveitspeak-carbonandneutralitygoals,theIEAreleasedacomplementaryanalysisinMarch2022focusingonChina’scleanenergyinnovationlandscape.TrackingCleanEnergyInnovation–FocusonChinamapstheinstitutionalandpolicylandscapeforcleanenergyinnovationinChinaandshowstrendsforselectedmetricstotrackandexplainprogressontechnologydevelopment.BothreportsbenefitedfromtheinputsandreviewsofChineseexperts,academicsandgovernmentofficials.Theinnovationreportfindsthatinthelast20yearsChinahasstrengtheneditspositionontheglobalstageasanenergyinnovator,asillustratedbythestoriesofsolarpowerand,morerecently,electricmobility.Thisistheresultofseveraldecadesofincreasingpolicyfocusontechnologyinnovation,whichunderpinChina’sambitionstobecomeaproducerofknowledgeandfosterinnovation-drivensocio‑economicdevelopment.TrackingCleanEnergyInnovation–FocusonChina,IEA,2022InSeptember2022theIEAco-organisedaseminarentitledCleanEnergyInnovationinChina:TheRoadAheadwiththeEU-ChinaEnergyCooperationPlatformtopresentthemainfindingsofthereportanddiscusswithChineseandEuropeanexpertsfromgovernment,academiaandbusinessthepolicyandtechnologyprioritiesandopportunitiesinthe14thFive-YearPlanperiod(2021-2025).TheeventwaswellreceivedandattractedattentionfrompolicymakersfromacrossChinaandEurope.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022BrazilPAGE57IEA.CCBY4.0.BrazilHighlightsWorkontechnologyinnovationthatwasinstrumentalinreshapingandemphasisingcleanenergyresearchinBrazil.IthasalsoinformedtherevisionofafederallawonR&Dspendingobligations.Brazilianpartnersconfirmedthatthisworkhasspearheadedinstitutionalchangeandcreatedamorerobustframeworkforlong-termcleanenergyinnovationspending.ClosecollaborationontheenergyefficiencybenchmarkingofkeysectorsandrecommendationsonhowtofurtherimproveenergyefficiencyanddecarbonisationpathwayswiththeEnergyResearchOffice(EPE),anofficialthinktankoftheBraziliangovernment.Releaseinearly2022oftheAtlasofEnergyEfficiencyinBrazil2021,whichincludedaspecialchapteronfreighttransport,andreleaseofPulpandPaperIndustryinBrazilandintheWorld–bothpublicationsdevelopedjointlywiththeEPEandtherelevantsectorswithhighpotentialfordecarbonisation.EnergyefficiencyinBrazilTheIEAcontinueditsfruitfulcollaborationwiththeEnergyResearchOffice(EPE)todevelopinternationalbenchmarkinganalysisofBrazil’skeysectorsandrecommendationsonhowtofurtherimproveenergyefficiencyanddecarbonisationpathways.TheAtlasofEnergyEfficiencyinBrazil2021,publishedinearly2022,includedaspecialchapteronfreighttransport,whichbuildsonadedicatedanalysisofthesectordevelopedafewmonthsearlier.TheIEAalsopublishedajointreportwithEPE,PulpandPaperIndustryinBrazilandintheWorld,lookingatthemainattributesandrecommendationsforthesectorbasedonBrazilianandinternationalexperience.BrazilisthesecondlargestpulpproducerintheworldaftertheUnitedStates,accountingformorethan11%ofglobalproduction,andisoneoftheworld'stopexporters.In2020pulpandpaperproductionaccountedfor16%offinalindustrialenergyconsumptioninthecountry,wellabovethe5.3%sharethattheindustryconsumesatagloballevel.ThismakesitacrucialsectorforBrazil'seffortstouseenergymoreefficientlyandreduceemissions.BothreportsrepresentanimportantongoingcollaborationtoidentifyopportunitiestoadvanceefficiencyinkeysectorsinBrazil,involvingongoingdialoguewithEPE,theMinistryofMinesandEnergyandindustryassociations.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022BrazilPAGE58IEA.CCBY4.0.TheIEAworkedwiththeMinistryofMinesandEnergyandtheNationalEnergyConservationProgramme(Procel)tofinaliseatemplatetotrackthebenefitsofenergyefficiencyprogrammesinbuildings,includingjobcreation,water,energyandfinancialsavings,andimprovedhealthandwell-being.Thetemplatewillstrengthenprogrammeevaluationtoprovidedataonthebenefitsofenergyefficiencyinpriorityareas.Source:EPE.Images;IconsmadewithFreepik.Mainhighlightsofenergyefficiencypoliciesrelatedtotheindustrialsector.AtlasofEnergyEfficiencyBrazil2021,IndicatorsreportWiththesupportoftheCETP,theIEAdeepeneditsengagementwiththeBrazilianpowerregulatorANEELonthetopicofdigitalisationandthelinkwithdistributionnetworkoperationsanddemand-sidemanagement.Thedialoguehasbeentimely,giventhetremendousgrowthofPVontheBrazilianpowersystem,thehydrologicalcrisisinlate2021andearly2022,andtheneedtoconsiderhowtostrengthenthevisibilityandresponsivenessofdistributedresources.Thesewillcontinuetobefrontlineissues,withstrategiesbeingdevelopedin2023andbeyond.InnovationpoliciesinBrazilThehighlightsofourinnovationworkincludedthedeliverytotheBraziliangovernmentofarequestedreportontrackingcleanenergyinnovationinthebusinesssector,andaseriesofmeetingsthatcreatednewconnectionsamongcleanenergyinnovationpolicyexpertsinemergingeconomies.ThesetwoactivitiesculminatedindiscussionsessionsoninnovationpolicyandtrackinginemerginganddevelopingeconomiesattheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForuminPittsburghinSeptember2022.PresentationsfromBrazil,IndiaandMoroccoandonNigeriaplacedthetopicontheagendaforMIandCEMdelegatesforthefirsttime.TheIEA’sworkacrossthesetopicsinBrazilwasrewardedbyhigh-levelengagementandhadanotableimpactonstrategicdirectionamongIEAmembercountries:theIEACommitteeonEnergyResearchandTechnology(CERT)CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022BrazilPAGE59IEA.CCBY4.0.2022-2027revisionoftheIEAMedium-TermStrategyforEnergyResearchandTechnologyundertakesto“continuetoengagewithkeyemergingmarketanddevelopingeconomies,providingajointplatformforknowledgeexchangeandcollaborationaswellasforcollectingandsharinginformationontheirRD&Dprioritiesandspendinginthosecountries…”andto“continuetheimplementationoftherevisedTCPActionPlan,anditsfiveactionareas[including]engagementwithemergingeconomiesandtheprivatesector”.Theworkontechnologyinnovationhasreceivedhigh-levelappreciationinBrazilandwasinstrumentaltoavarietyofimportantdevelopmentsinthecountry.Inparticular,theworkundertheCETPthatsupportedthedevelopmentofBrazil’sINOVA-eplatformreceivedrecognitionfrompartnersintheBrazil’sEnergyResearchOffice.AtaworkshoporganisedinSeptemberinBrusselstoreviewandcloseathree-yearproject“CleanEnergyTransitionsinEmergingEconomies”deliveredaspartoftheCETP,EnergyResearchOfficerepresentativedescribedhowco-operationwiththeIEAledtotheformationofanetworkofgovernmentstakeholdersinBrazilthatsupportcleanenergyinnovationpolicyandbudgetstoanunprecedenteddegree.Healsocommentedonhowtheresultsoftheprojectareusedforprioritysetting,usingtheplatformINOVA-easanexamplewhich,amongotherdata,showstheamountofinvestmentinRD&DinBrazilacrosstheyearsasapercentageofGDP.Basedonthisinformation,thegovernmentofBrazildecidedtodrivethosefundstowardscleanenergyinvestment.Additionally,thankstoco-operationontheINOVA-eplatform,Brazilbecamethefirstnon-IEAmembertosubmitR&DspendingdatatotheIEA.ElectricityinBrazilSinceBrazilactivateditsassociationstatusin2017,andinresponsetoarequestfromtheBrazilianDeputyMinisterofMinesandEnergy,theIEAhasprovidedbroadpolicysupporttonewregulatorydevelopmentsintheBrazilianpowersector.In2022,attherequestoftheMinistryofMinesandEnergy,theIEAorganisedaseriesofclosed-doortechnicalexchangesonelectricitytariffreform,whichaimstoensureacloserlinkagebetweentariffadjustmentsandtheactualpurchaseofwholesaleelectricity,therebyimprovingtheconditionsforincorporatingvariablerenewableenergyintothesystem.TheIEArespondedtoaninformationrequestfromadirectorattheMinistryofMinesandEnergytounderstandhowothercountriesacrossAsia,LatinAmericaandNorthAmericaareuseregulatedtariffdesigntoprotectcustomersfromvolatilitywhilelimitingthefinancialexposureofregulatedutilities.Wecollectedandpresentedexperiencesfromcountriesthathaveincreasedthefrequencyofupdatestotheregulatedcostcomponentsoftheirtariffsandusedtolerancebandsforpriceincreases.Thefindingsfromthiscomparativeanalysisarebeingusedtocompletetheministry'sregulatoryimpactassessment.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022BrazilPAGE60IEA.CCBY4.0.TheCETPactivitiesalsoinformedtheongoingrevisionofFederalLaw9.991/2000onR&DspendingobligationsoftheelectricityregulatorANEELinBrazil.TheIEAandANEELco-operatedonthetopicofmetricsforimpactevaluation.ANEELhasdraftedtheupdateandisexpectedtopublishthefour-yearStrategicInnovationPlanin2023.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022LatinAmericaPAGE61IEA.CCBY4.0.LatinAmericaHighlightsTheIEAplayedaprominentroleintheEnergyWeekheldbytheLatinAmericanEnergyOrganisation(OLADE)inPanama.OurcontributiontoPanama’senergytransitionswasrecognisedwithanofficialawardgrantedbythegovernment.TheMinistryofEnergyofChileinvitedtheIEAtoprovideinputstoitsrecentlycreatedworkinggrouponenergypoverty.Thegroupisresponsibleforformulatingamedium-termplantotackleissuesofenergyqualityandaffordabilityandaccesstocleanenergyservices,aswellasenergysubsidyreform.TheIEACriticalMineralsPolicyTrackerhighlightedprominentpoliciesandregulationsalreadyinplaceineightLatinAmericancountries–Argentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador,MexicoandPeru–toenhancesecurityofsupply,incentivisenewresourcedevelopmentandensuresustainableandresponsibleproduction.TheCentralAmericanIntegrationOrganisationadoptedaregionalappliancestandardforairconditioners,aprocessinformedbytheIEA’spreviousparticipationintheTechnicalWorkingGrouponEnergyEfficiency.AhighlysuccessfulLatinAmericaEnergyEfficiencyPolicyTrainingWeeksawabout1700peopleparticipateinthelauncheventand139peoplefrom23countriescompletethe20-hourtraining.RD&DdatainLatinAmericaOn5September,incollaborationwiththeUNEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,theBrazilianMinistryofForeignAffairs,theEPE,theCenterforStrategicStudiesandManagementandtheChileanMinistryofEnergy,theIEAorganisedawebinaronenhancingpublicRD&DdatacollectionwithafocusofLatinAmericancountries’experiences.Aswelltheorganisers,speakersincludedrepresentativesfromtheEuropeanCommissionandMI.ThewebinarincreasedregionalengagementonthecollectionofpublicRD&Ddataandallowedtheexchangeofexperiencesonthestatusandprocessesofmappinginnovationincleanenergy.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022LatinAmericaPAGE62IEA.CCBY4.0.CriticalmineralsinLatinAmericaAspartofourregionalworkoncriticalminerals,theIEAfinalisedapreliminaryanalysisofselectedLatinAmericancountries’productionofcriticalmineralsfortheenergytransition(e.g.lithium,nickel,graphiteandcopper)andidentifiedthesector’sopportunitiesandbarriers.Thisanalysis,togetherwithaseriesofbilateralengagementswiththegovernmentsofArgentina,Brazil,ChileandColombia,fedintothecommentaryLatinAmerica'sOpportunityinCriticalMineralsfortheCleanEnergyTransition(forthcoming).Thecommentarysummarisesthekeyenvironmental,socialandgovernance(ESG)issuesaroundcriticalmineralproductioninLatinAmericaandthechallengesofdevelopingcriticalmineralresourcesinasustainablewaythatbringsbenefitstoallitspeoplewhilesupportingglobalcleanenergytransitions.ThefirstreleaseoftheCriticalMineralsPolicyTrackerinNovember2022highlightedprominentpoliciesandregulationsalreadyinplaceineightLatinAmericancountries(Argentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador,MexicoandPeru)toenhancesecurityofsupply,incentivisenewresourcedevelopmentandensuresustainableandresponsibleproduction.InNovembertheIEAorganisedahigh-levelroundtableonthemarginsofthe2022EU–LatinAmericaConventiononRawMaterials,inSantiagodeChile,hostedbytheEuropeanCommission.Theconventionbroughttogetherparticipantsfromgovernments,geologicalagencies,industryandresearchersintheEuropeanUnionandLatinAmericaundertheoverarchingtheme“MineralRawMaterialsfortheCleanEnergyTransition”.Over150peoplejoinedinpersonandasimilarnumberattendedvirtually.Chile’sMiningMinister,MarcelaHernandoPérez,openedtheevent.OnthefirstdaytheIEAhostedaroundtablefocusedon“MobilisingInvestmentinSustainableCriticalMineralValueChains”.Thesessionwasmoderatedbyoneofourseniorenergyanalysts,withvirtualopeningremarksfromIEA’sChiefEnergyEconomist,TimGould.ThepanellistswereLiliaMascarenhas(SecretaryofGeology,MinistryofMinesandEnergy,Brazil),PamelaMorales(UndersecretaryforMiningDevelopment,MinistryofEconomy,Argentina)andArielYepez(InfrastructureandEnergySectorManager,Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank).Thepanellistshighlightedtheimportanceofthesession’stheme–mobilisinginvestment–andstressedtheneedtobuildthemid-anddownstreamvaluechainbeyondmining,havingastableregulatoryframeworktoattractinvestmentandstrengtheninginstitutionalcapacity,amongothers.AnIEArepresentativealsoparticipatedinasessionon“Analysisofcriticalrawmaterialsfortheenergytransition”andpresentedtheIEA’slatestanalysisoncriticalminerals,includingCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022LatinAmericaPAGE63IEA.CCBY4.0.keyfindingsfromadedicatedchapterinWorldEnergyInvestment2022andtheCriticalMineralsPolicyTracker.ThesessionwasalsojoinedbypanellistsfromECJRC,BRGM(France)andDERA(Germany).EnergyefficiencyinLatinAmericaAhighlightoftheIEA'sactivitiesinLatinAmericain2022wasthesuccessfulrealisationoftheLatinAmericaEnergyEfficiencyPolicyTrainingweekinvirtualformat.ThetrainingweekwasorganisedinpartnershipwiththeSecretariatofEnergyofPanama,DevelopmentBankofLatinAmerica(CAF),andWorldBankEnergySectorManagementAssistanceProgramme(ESMAP).Theweekkickedoffwithahigh-levellauncheventthatfeaturedleadingvoicesintheregion,includinggovernmentofficials,private-sectoractorsandyouthleaders.About1700peopleconnectedtothelauncheventand139peoplecompletedthe20-hourtraining,whichcoveredthreeparallelcoursestreams:buildings,appliances,andindicatorsandevaluation.Participantscamefrom23countries,withnearlyhalfrepresentingnationalandsubnationalgovernmentsintheregion.Thetrainingweekservedtoprovidecapacitybuilding,policyexchangeandtheadvancementofideastostrengthenenergyefficiencyacrosskeysectorsintheregion.Thequalityoftheparticipantsandengagementwassupportedbystrongco-operationwithregionalpartnersandstakeholders.Thecoursesbenefitedfromlecturesandgroupworkledbyregionalexperts,furtherstrengtheninglearningandadvancingrelationships.TheIEAcontinueditswebinarseriesintheregionwithtwowebinarsco-organisedwiththeSecretaryofEnergyofMexico(SENER)andNationalCommissionfortheEfficientUseofEnergy(CONUEE).TheIEApresentedhighlightsfromtheWorldEnergyOutlookandEnergyEfficiencyMarketReport.Together,741peopleintheregionattendedthewebinars.TheIEAjoinedforceswiththeSwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation(SDC)toadvancepolicydialogueandplanningintheregiononenergyefficiencyinbuildings.TheIEAparticipatedinatwo-dayin-personworkshoptosupportthedevelopmentofnetzerobuildingroadmapsforacademia,localgovernmentandtheprivatesectorinEcuador.TheIEAdrewonitsexperienceofdevelopingandsupportingimplementationstrategiesfortheMexicanRoadmapforBuildingsandConstruction.TheIEAfurtherrecordedalectureforaninternationalonlinecourseonNetZeroBuildingsinNovember2022,andisco-operatingwiththeSDC,ColombiaGreenBuildingCouncilandtheUniversityoftheAndesinorganisingatwo-dayin-personregionaltrainingcourseonthetopicin2023.TheIEAcontinueditsco-operationwithSICA,theCentralAmericanIntegrationOrganisation,whichisdevelopingregionalappliancestandards.ThisincludedapresentationonenergyefficiencyinwaterpumpingsystemstosupportCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022LatinAmericaPAGE64IEA.CCBY4.0.discussionsonthebenefitsandopportunitiestodevelopregulationsinthisarea.ItisworthnotingthatSICAadoptedaregionalenergyefficiencystandardforairconditionersin2022,aprocessthattheIEAhelpedinformthroughitsco-operationwiththeTechnicalWorkingGrouponEnergyEfficiencyin2021.On30May,aspartoftheDigitalDemandDrivenElectricityNetworks(3DEN)initiativedeliveredundertheCETP,theIEAorganisedawebinaronDistributedRenewableEnergyandtheDigitalTransformationofEnergySystems–ChallengesandOpportunitiesforLatinAmerica.Thewebinarwasstructuredaroundtwopanels:thefirst,focusingontheprivatesector,presentedinternationalexperienceswithusingdigitalsolutionstooptimisedistributedgeneration;andthesecondfocusedonregulatorsfromLatinAmerica,whodiscussedpracticalchallengesandopportunities.RegulatorsfromArgentina,Brazil,ChileandColombiaparticipatedinthepaneldiscussionsharingtheirexperiences.ThewebinaralsohelpedstrengthenawarenessoftheimportanceofdigitaltechnologiesaimedatsupportingthevisibilityandcontrollabilityofdistributedenergyresourcesforthemassiverolloutofdistributedsolarPV.Thewebinarwasattendedbyover100participantsandreceivedexcellentfeedbackfromparticipatingregulators.Asaresultoftheevent,theArgentinianAssociationofRegulators(ADERE)isconsideringjoiningRETA.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022LatinAmericaPAGE65IEA.CCBY4.0.Stakeholderengagement,knowledgesharinganddisseminationinLatinAmericaOverthecourseoftheyear,theIEAorganisedaseriesofin-person,virtualandhybrideventstodisseminatetheresultsoftheworkthathasbeenmadepossiblebyCETPfunding.Theseeventshelpedinformgovernmentsandstakeholdersintheenergyecosystemacrosstheregionofthelatesttrends,technologicalinnovationsandmarketdevelopmentsintheglobalenergysector.Moreover,theIEAorganisedfourco-ordinationmeetingsinMexicoCity,Brasilia,BuenosAiresandSantiagowithrepresentativesfromtheembassiesandco-operationagenciesofCETPdonorcountries.ThesemeetingsallowedustocreatesynergiesandavoidduplicationbetweenIEAworkandenergyco-operationactivitiesthatCETPdonorcountriesaredeployinglocally.HydrogenBuildinguponthesuccessoftheHydrogeninLatinAmericareportlaunchedin2021,in2022theIEAcontinuedtoengagewithenergyministriesacrosstheregiontosupportthedesignandimplementationoftheirnationalhydrogenstrategies.Overthecourseoftheyear,theIEAorganisedhybridtechnicalsessionswiththegovernmentsofArgentina,BrazilandChiletodisseminatethemainfindingsoftheGlobalHydrogenReview2022anddiscussthepolicy-makingchallengesthatcountriesarefacinglocally.Thesesessionsenhancedgovernmentofficers’knowledgeofthelatesthydrogendevelopments,includingthestateofplayofpilotprojects,variationsindemandandproduction,tradeagreementsandthecostofelectrolysers.InArgentina,director-andsenior-levelrepresentativesfromthreedifferentauthoritiesjoinedthesession:theDevelopmentSecretariat,theEnergySecretariatandtheMinistryofEconomy.TheArgentiniangovernmentstatedthatIEAdataonglobalhydrogentrendshelpedinformtheirhydrogenstrategymakingandinvitedtheIEAtopresentitsanalysisbeforetheInterministerialRoundtableonHydrogenin2023.InBraziltheIEAcontributedtoahybridtrainingeventconvenedbytheFederalPublicAdministrationSchool(ENAP),whichmobilised160governmentofficialsfrombothfederalandstategovernments.Thepresentationfedintoawidercapacity-buildingprogrammeforBrazilianpublicservantsaimedatenhancingtheirknowledgeofandtechnicalcapacityforlow-carbonhydrogen.ThesessioninChilewashostedbytheChileanEconomicDevelopmentAgency(CORFO)andwascombinedwithapresentationbytheIEAonhowgovernmentscansupportcleanenergystart-ups.CORFOistheleadinginstitutionpromotingentrepreneurship,innovationandcompetitivenessinChile.Ithasalsobeenattheforefrontofboostingcleanenergyinnovationintheregion,supportingenergyCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022LatinAmericaPAGE66IEA.CCBY4.0.start-upsthroughitsflagshipincubator“Start-upChile”andanopencalltofundgreenhydrogenprojects.CORFOwelcomedtheIEA’spresentationsandexpresseditsinterestinIEAsupportandinputduringtheopencallsforenergyinnovators,duein2023.MethaneThankstotheCETP’scontinuedsupportoftheIEA’sworkonmethane,weorganisedavirtualdisseminationeventfortheSpanishversionofthereportDrivingDownMethaneLeaksfromtheOilandGasIndustry:ARegulatoryRoadmapandToolkitforaLatinAmericaaudience,aleadingregionforoilandgasproduction.TheIEAestimatesthatacrossCentralandSouthAmericaaround45%ofoilandgasproductionemissionscanbeabatedatnonetcost,substantiallyreducingtheenvironmentalimpactofthissector’semissions.Thewebinarattractedover50participantsandgatheredexpertsfromColombia,Mexico,ArgentinaandtheUnitedStates,whoexploredhowpolicyandregulationcandriveemissionsreductionintheregionandhowvoluntaryactionsbytheindustrycancomplementtheseefforts.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022LatinAmericaPAGE67IEA.CCBY4.0.OLADETheIEAalsoplayedaprominentroleintheEnergyWeekheldbytheLatinAmericanEnergyOrganization(OLADE),whichtookplaceasahybrideventinPanamaduring12-16December.TheOLADEEnergyWeekpositionsitselfasoneofthemajorsectoralconferencesintheregion.Forthe2022eventitconvenedon-sitegovernmentministersandhigh-levelgovernmentrepresentativesfrom21OLADEmembercountriesandover2173civilservants(bothvirtuallyandinperson).FourIEAofficersparticipatedineventsonlow-carbonhydrogen,energyefficiency,long-termenergyoutlooksandcriticalmineralsfortheenergytransition,sharingkeyfindingsfromtheIEA’sanalyticalworkenabledbytheCETP.TheIEA’sDeputyExecutiveDirectortookpartinthe52ndOLADEMinisterialMeetingopening,whereshehadtheopportunitytoprovideinputonenergysecurity,justenergytransitionsandthegrowingengagementoftheIEAinLatinAmerica.InfrontofthegatheringofLatinAmericanministers,PanamahandedoveranawardtotheIEAinrecognitionofitscontributiontothecountry’senergytransition.People-centredenergytransitionsGiventheexpertisethattheIEAhasdevelopedinrecentyearsonpeople-centredenergytransitions,anemergingstreamofworklargelysupportedbyCETPfunding,theMinistryofEnergyofChileinvitedtheIEAtoprovideinputstoitsrecentlycreatedworkinggrouponenergypoverty.Thishasbeentaskedwithformulatingamedium-termplantotackleissuesofenergyqualityandaffordabilityandaccesstocleanenergyservices,aswellasenergysubsidyreform.Inthesecondhalfof2022theIEAparticipatedintwosessionsoftheworkinggroup,whichgathersdirector-levelrepresentativesfromthreedifferentministries(MinistriesofEnergy,Finance,andSocialDevelopmentandFamily)andtheMiningandEnergyCommissionoftheSenate.TheIEApresenteditsfindingsonenergypovertyindicatorsandenergypovertymeasurement,andmobilisedexpertsfromColombiaandMexicotoshareexperiencesonenergysubsidyreformandenhancingenergysubsidytargeting.ThegovernmentofChilehasexpresseditsappreciationfortheIEA’scontributionstotheirpolicymakingonenergypovertyandrequestedthatthiscollaborationcontinuein2023.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE68IEA.CCBY4.0.AfricaHighlightsPublicationoftheAfricaEnergyOutlook2022,whichpresentedthefirsteverSustainableAfricaScenario,exploringcost-effectivepathwaytoreachuniversalelectricityandcleancookingaccessandfulfilallAfricanclimatepledgesinfullandontime.ReleaseoftheCleanEnergyTransitionsintheGreaterHornofAfricaatajointeventinUgandawiththeUgandanMinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment.Thereportwasbasedonthemostcomprehensivedatacollectionfortheregiontodateandthedevelopmentofspecificregionalscenarios,withstrongemphasisoncollaborationamongstexpertsandpolicymakersintheregion.ContinuedsupportforthedevelopmentofpoliciesforcleantransitionsinenergyproducereconomiesinAfrica,withaspecialfocusonnaturalgas,aswellascarboncapture,utilisationandstoragepoliciesinSenegal,NigeriaandSouthAfrica.DirectinputintoenergyefficiencyincentivemeasuresdevelopedinSouthAfricabytheDepartmentofMineralResourcesandEnergy.Thisispartofourongoingpolicysupport,firsttodevelopthenationalenergyefficiencystrategy,thentocarryitout,andnowtoreviewit.Highlysuccessfulregionaltrainingonenergyefficiencypolicypackagesforsub-SaharanAfrica,withtheparticipationofnearly300policymakersfromtheregion.Despitebeinghometoalmostone-fifthoftheglobalpopulation,sub-SaharanAfricaistheleaststudiedregionwithregardtoitsenergysystems.TheIEAhasalonghistoryofworkingwiththeregion,havingstartedtwodecadesagotheannualcollectionofcountry-by-countrydataonelectricityaccess.Eversince,AfricahasbeenintegraltotheIEA’swork:inouranalysis,suchastheannualWorldEnergyOutlookandWorldEnergyInvestmentReport;inourengagementsandcapacity-buildingprogrammes;andthroughtheIEA’sincreasingroleinconveningglobalenergyleaderstoachievecleanenergytransitionsanduniversalaccesssimultaneously.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE69IEA.CCBY4.0.AfricaEnergyOutlook2022TheIEAissuedanewflagshipWEOSpecialReportonAfrica,whichexploresaSustainableAfricaScenario,whichmeetsallAfricanclimateandaccesstargetsontimeandinfull,whilereflectingthenewcontextoftheglobalenergysectorrelatedtotheglobalenergycrisisandanacceleratedtransitiontocleanenergy.ThisnewreportwasdevelopedtosupportAfricancountriesidentifyoptionsandfinancialstrategiesforreachingtheirowngoals,focusingonactionsneededduringthecomingdecade,whilebalancingtheincreasingeconomicstrainstheyfaceduetothecrisisTheAfricaEnergyOutlook2022wasproducedinco‐operationwiththeAfricanUnionCommission,theUNEconomicCommissionforAfrica,andmorethan20Africanexpertsfrom15differentcountries.TheoutlookprovidedanimportantanalyticalgroundingforAfricancountriesintheleaduptotheAfricanCOP27hostedinEgypt,anditsanalysisfeaturedinanumberofAfricaninitiativeslaunchedattheCOP,includingtheEgypt-ledinitiative,theAfricaJustandAffordableEnergyTransitionInitiative.TheIEAreportisalreadyfiguringheavilyininvestmentandportfoliodecisionsatdevelopmentagencies,multilateraldevelopmentbanks,projectdevelopersandcommercialbanks,notablyinforminginvestmentsinthepowersector,esepciallyforreachinguniversalaccess,andfornaturalgas,wherethereporthelpeddrawbrighterlinesaroundtheuseofnaturalgasfordomesticdevelopmentinAfricainCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE70IEA.CCBY4.0.lightofglobalambitionstoreachnetzero.Thisworkhaspromptedanumberofadditionalrequestsfromgovernmentsfordeepercollaborationonregionalorcountry-specificroadmapstohelpsupportthedesignofnationalenergystrategiesandsupportJustEnergyTransitionPartnershipsonthecontinent.EnergyinvestmentinAfrica,2014-2021,AfricaEnergyOutlook2022,IEA,2022Thereportalsohighlightedanumberofkeyinnovationopportunities,notablyhydrogen,whereAfrica’sproductioncostsby2030wouldbecompetitivewithothermajorproducersonadelivered-costbasisshoulditbesenttoNorthernEurope.Africaisalreadyamajorproducerandexporterofthecriticalmineralsneededinthecleanenergytransitions,withtheopportunitytodoublethesizeoftherevenuesfromcriticalmineralsby2030.Thereporthighlightspracticalpolicyapproachestorealisingadoublingofenergyinvestment,whichwerediscussedatahigh-levelworkinggroupon20June.AtthismeetingseniorrepresentativesfromNORAD,PowerAfrica,theAfricanDevelopmentBank(AfDB),ABSA,thegovernmentofSenegal,theIFC,AFD,BIIandothersdiscussedbestpracticestobetterleverageconcessionalfinancetoattractrisinglevelsofcleanenergyinvestmentinAfrica.Thisworkshopdirectlyledtothecommissioningofanewreportin2023,furtherexploringcurrentcleanenergyfinancingnormsinAfricaandcasestudieshighlightingmajorinnovationsinthisareathatcouldbescaled.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE71IEA.CCBY4.0.CleanEnergyTransitionsintheGreaterHornofAfricaAmajorIEAanalyticalprojecttounderstandhowthecountriesoftheGreaterHornofAfricacouldtransitiontheirenergysystemstobecleanerandmoreequitableresultedinthereportCleanEnergyTransitionsintheGreaterHornofAfrica.PublishedinOctober,itskeyfindingsweretranslatedintolocallanguages(Swahili,Amharic,ArabicandFrench)tomaximiseitsimpact.Theoverallobjectiveoftheprojectistosupportenergypolicies,tofosterregionalenergycollaborationandtohelpaccelerateenergytransitionsintheGreaterHornofAfrica.Withsupportfromtheeightfocuscountries(Djibouti,Eritrea,Ethiopia,Kenya,Somalia,SouthSudan,SudanandUganda),theIEAconductedresearchtodocumentrecenttrends,highlightinggoodpracticesandidentifyingpossibletrajectoriesforfutureenergysystemsintheregion.Theprojectreliedonanextensiveefforttoobtainthelateststatisticsfromtheeightfocuscountries,assomeofthemdidnothavepubliclyavailable,comprehensiveanddetailedenergybalances.ExpertsfromtheIEAEnergyDataCentrecollaboratedwithstatisticiansfromallthecountriestocollect,treatandreleaserobustdatasetsprovidingaclearviewofwherethesecountriesstandintermsofenergyproduction,transformation,demandbysub-sectorandtrade.Buildingonthisdetailedviewofrecenttrendsintheregionandonanalysisoftheplannedpoliciesthatwillshapeupcomingenergysystemevolutions,IEAteamsdevelopedtwoscenarioswithprojectionsto2030,leveragingtheIEA’suniquemodellingexpertise.TheAfricaCaseScenariohighlightsthattheregioncanpursueapathwhereaccessisreachedinfull–bothforelectricityandcleancooking–bytheendofthedecadeaspertheSDG7.1target,withanenergymixmoremodernandefficientthantoday,fuellinganeconomytwiceaslargeastoday.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE72IEA.CCBY4.0.ExtractfromtheCleanEnergyTransitionsintheGreaterHornofAfricaThisprojectputastrongemphasisoncollaborationamongexpertsandpolicymakersintheregion,withbilateralexchangesbetweeneachcountryandtheIEASecretariat,alsowithanumberofcollectivemeetingsfosteringdialogue.Earlyin2022initialregionaldialoguefocusedonavirtualworkshopinvolvingparticipantsfromeachcountrytosharethoughtsondifferentpoliciesandpractices.InMayasecondworkshopwasorganisedtostrengthenregionaldialogue.Around20expertsfromtheregiongatheredduringtwodaysinNairobi,Kenya,todiscusstheirnationalpoliciesandprovideguidancefortheIEAteamtofocustheiranalyticaleffortsonthemostimpactfulareas.Theexpertsverymuchwelcomedthisopportunitytotakepartinthedialogueandtomeettheirpeers,includingpolicyCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE73IEA.CCBY4.0.makersfromallfocuscountriesandrepresentativesfromtheregionaleconomicorganisation,theIntergovernmentalAuthorityonDevelopment(IGAD).InOctoberthefinalreportwaslaunchedatamajoreventsupportedbytheUgandanMinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment,inthepresenceofmorethan20expertsfromtheregionwhosharedtheirinsightsattworoundtables.Followingahigh-levelopeningwithministersfromUgandaandtheNetherlands,participantshadtheopportunityforfurtherdialogueontheirsuccessstoriesandchallengesincleanenergypolicies,exploringmorespecificallyeffortstowardsgreateraccesstoelectricity,cleancooking,renewablesandenergyefficiency.Adedicatedroundtablealsodiscussedhowtomobiliseinvestmentforcleanenergytransitionsintheregion,identifyingsuccessfulfinancialstrategies,instrumentsandtools,aswellaseffectiveeffortstoreinforceregionalcollaboration.TrackingSDG7ProgressReportTheIEAcontinuesitslong-standingroleasaco-custodianoftrackingprogressontheUN’senergy-relatedSDGs,wherewecontributenotonlytheofficialstatisticsonenergyefficiencyandrenewables,butalsoprojectionsforaccesstoelectricityandcleancookingto2030.OurlatestprojectionswereabletofullycapturetheimpactsofthesetbacksonreachinguniversalaccessduetotheCovid-19pandemic,andourrecentanalysisreflectstheaffordabilityimpactsoftheglobalenergycrisis.TheIEAreleasedacommentaryhighlightingtheexpectedsetbackrelyingonthemostrecentdatacollectedbytheIEAonthestatusofelectrificaitoneffortsglobally.Thesetbacksdocumentedwereoverwhelminglyconcentratedinsub-SaharanAfrica,andthisworkinformedmuchoftheIEA’sengagementwithcountriesonstrengtheningaccessinstitutionstoreversethesesetbacks.ThisanalysisremainsacentralgaugeforglobalpolicymakerstounderstandwhatadditionaleffortsareneededtodeliverontheUN'sSDGagenda,andanimportantmetricformission-basedorganisationsandmultilateraldevelopmentbanks.TheIEAalsoprovidesitsreportingofofficialSDG7metricsonitswebsite,freelyaccessiblewiththemostup-to-datefindings.CriticalmineralsinAfricaAfricaholdshugeamountsofmineralresources,manyofwhicharecriticaltovariouscleanenergytechnologies.Forsomemineralresources,suchascobalt,platinum-groupmetalsandmanganese,theregionisalreadyamajorsuppliertotheglobalmarket.SouthAfricadominatesglobalsuppliesofplatinum-groupmetalsandisalsoaleadingproducerofchromiumandmanganese.TheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(DRC)accountsforabout70%ofglobalcobaltproduction.Thecontinentalsoholdsasizeableshareoftheproductionofothermineralresourcessuchasbauxite,graphiteandcopper.TheAfricaEnergyOutlook2022includesadedicatedsectiononcriticalminerals,providingthelatestCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE74IEA.CCBY4.0.assessmentofproductionandrelatedinvestments,andalsoexploringfutureopportunities.Futurerevenuesfrombatterymetalsandothertransitionmineralscouldexceedrevenuesfromfossilfuelsby2050,invitingAfricancountriestocreatetheadequateframeworksandenablingenvironmenttofullyunlocktheirpotential.Theseanalyses,presentedatCOP27,attractedparticularattentionfromAfricanstakeholders.Inaddition,theIEAhasdevelopedtheCriticalMineralsPolicyTracker,whichcurrentlycoverstwoAfricancountries–theDRCandSouthAfrica–listingtheirexistingregulatoryframeworksandpoliciesinplace.Thetrackeralsocoversotherregionsoftheworld,enablingthebenchmarkingofpolicytools.IEA.CCBY4.0.ExtractfromAfricaEnergyOutlook2022HydrogeninAfricaCleanhydrogencouldoffermajorinnovationopportunitiesforseveralAfricancountries,asby2030hydrogenproductioncostscouldbecompetitivewithothermajorproducersonadelivered-costbasiswithNorthernEuropeasthedestination.Toexplorethistopicfurther,theIEAinvestedinbuildingstrongengagementwithfourselectedcountriesinAfrica–Senegal,Mauritania,NamibiaandKenya–withwhichithasdevelopedcloserelationshipsandensuredfruitfulcolaboration.Thisplannedworkwillincludecountry-specificanalysis,withseparatereportsonCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE75IEA.CCBY4.0.NamibiaandMauritaniaaswellastheirrespectivelauncheventsanddissemination.EventswithKenyaandSenegalwillenabletopresentIEAanalysestotherespectivegovernments.Technology-specificanalysiswasincludedintheAfricaEnergyOutlook2022andintheGlobalHydrogenReview2022,notablyanalysisoftheprojectpipelineincountriessuchasNamibiaandMauritania.DisseminationofkeyIEAanalysisonhydrogentookplaceatthefollowingregionalconferences:•July2022:WebinarconferenceorganisedbyAngola(inPortuguese),wheretheIEApresentedkeyhydrogen-relatedfindingsfromtheAfricaEnergyOutlook2022toanAfricanaudience,includingtheAngolangovernment.•September2022:WebinarconferenceorganisedbytheEuropeanUnioninpartnershipwiththeAfricanUnion(theAfrica-EUPartnershipForum),wheretheIEAdiscussedopportunitiesandchallengesaroundhydrogeninselectedAfricancountries.•September2022:WebinarconferenceorganisedbytheAfricaGreenHydrogenAlliance,wheretheIEAdiscussedthepotentialforhydrogenproductionincertainAfricancountries,theopportunitiesandglobalchallenges.•October2022:WebinarconferenceorganisedbyAFRICARTA,wheretheIEApresentedkeyfindingsoftheAfricaEnergyOutlook2022withregardtohydrogen.•October2022:AfricaEnergyWeek,oneofthemostimportantenergyconferencesinAfrica,wheretheIEAparticipatedinaroundtablediscussingkeytopicsonhydrogen.EnergytransitionsinAfricanproducereconomiesProducereconomieshavespecificperspectivesoncleanenergytransitions,giventheroleoftheirexistingorrisingfossilfuelindustries.ToaddresstheiruniquechallengesandenableacomprehensivediscussionoftheroleoffuelssuchasgasandtechnologiessuchasCCUSinthebroadercontextofenergytransitions,theIEAhasbeencollaboratingwithNigeria–ahistoricalandmajoroilandgasproducerassessingCCUSopportunities,withSenegal–amajorgasproducerto-be,andwithSouthAfrica–whereCCUStechnologiesandoilandgasproductionareunderdevelopment.TheIEAcontinuedtoprovidesupporttothegovernmentsofSenegal,NigeriaandSouthAfricaandexchangewithcounterpartsontopicsrelatedtoglobalandregionalnaturalgasmarketsandmarketreformstosupportthedevelopmentofcompetitivedomesticnaturalgasmarkets,asameansofacceleratingenergyaccessandtransitionawayfromliquidfuelsforelectricitygenerationandindustry.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE76IEA.CCBY4.0.WeorganisedtwowebinarworkshopsinMarchwiththeOfficeoftheVicePresidentofNigeriaonthecommercialandregulatoryaspectsofdevelopingNigeria’sdomesticgasmarketacrosstheupstream,midstreamanddownstreamvaluechains,sharinginternationalexperienceandfosteringdialogueamongkeyindustryandgovernmentstakeholdersinthecountry.WeheldajointmeetinginJunewiththePetroleumAgencyofSouthAfricaaspartofitssteeringcommitteeonthesocialandeconomicanalysisofthedevelopmentofdomesticnaturalgasresources.InOctoberweorganisedatechnicalworkshopfortheMinistryofPetroleumandEnergyofSenegalwithtechnicalexpertstoaddressspecificaspectsrelatedtotheregulationofnaturalgastransportandthesettingupofanindependentgastransportoperator.Wealsosharedseveralglobalgasmarketupdateswithcounterpartsfromtheministry.TheIEAhasbeenleadingseveralactivitiesandstimulatingdialogueonCCUSatagloballevel.Insub-SaharanAfrica,collaborationasfocusedonNigeriaandtoalesserextentSouthAfrica.NigeriahasidentifiedCCUSasanimportanttooltosupportthecountryinachievingitsNDCtargettoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionscomparedtobusinessasusualbyatleast20%by2030andbyupto47%(conditionaloninternationalsupport),aswellasaccelerateitsenergytransition.WithNigeria’sOfficeoftheVicePresident(OVP)andtheWorldBank,IEAexpertsreleasedapaperundertheframeworkofGHGTon16October:theIEA/IFC/OVP/WBpaperentitledAnIntegratedCollaborativeApproach:CCUSDevelopmentActivitiesinNigeria.ThiscollaborativeapproachalsotranslatedintopaneldiscussionswithNigeria’sOVPandinternationalpartners,includinganIndonesianrepresentative,whosharedtheirperspectivesonCCUSandindustrialdecarbonisationinemerging-marketanddevelopingeconomies(EMDEs).TheIEAexpertsalsocontributedtoseveralworkshoponCCUSinNigeria,inJuneandtheninNovember,presentingtheIEA’slatestfindingsonthetopicandsharingourviewsontheNigeriancontext,includingtheroleofCCUSinindustrialdecarbonisation.EnergyefficiencytraininginAfricaTheIEAandAfDBheldtheirfirstjointtrainingcourseonenergyefficiencyinNovember,underliningthecentralrolethatenergyefficiencycanplayinaddressingtheglobalenergycrisisandthemultiplebenefitsitcanbringtodevelopingeconomies,includinginsub-SaharanAfrica.RegionalTrainingonEnergyEfficiencyPolicyPackagesforSub-SaharanAfricawasheldonlinefrom21to25November,gatheringnearly300regionalpolicymakersandenergyprofessionals.ItpresentedadetailedintroductiontoenergyCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE77IEA.CCBY4.0.efficiencypolicypackages,followedbysector-basedsessionsfocusedonappliances,buildings,industryandtransport.InlinewithSDG7,thetrainingaimedtosupportthedevelopmentandimplementationofpoliciesthatcanlowerenergycostsandcarbonemissionswhilesupportingeconomicgrowth.ThesectiononenergyefficiencypolicywasbasedontheIEA’spolicypackageapproachandhighlightedbestpracticesbothfromaroundtheworldandwithinthesub-SaharanAfricaregion,buildingonthesuccessfullaunchoftheIEAAfricaEnergyOutlook2022andtheIEAInitiativeToPromoteCleanEnergyTransitionsinAfricathroughenhancedregionalcollaboration.Throughoutthefive-daycourse,expertspeakerssharedinternationalandregionalexperiences,withinsightsfromSouthAfrica,Kenya,Ghana,Nigeria,India,Australia,Mauritius,theEconomicCommunityofWestAfricaStates(ECOWAS),theEuropeanUnion,theUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO),UNEP,theAfDBandtheIEA.Onlinepollswereusedthroughouttheweektoengagewithparticipants.Theprincipalinsightsthatweresharedincludethefollowing:•Policiesthathavebeeninplacethelongestarethemostsuccessful.•Onapplianceefficiency,delegatessawhowEUecodesignpolicieshavebeenevolvingandbuiltupontoreachtoday’sachievements.•Inbuildings,delegatessawhowbuildingcodesandtheenergyperformancecertificatedatabasehaveallowedAustraliatoachievehigherlevelsofenergyefficiency.•Theindustry,PATschemehasenabledIndiatoexpandthenumberofDesignatedConsumersfromlessthan500tomorethan1100today.•Intransport,countrieswithregulationsorincentivesonenergy-efficientpurchasessawtheenergyefficiencyleveloftheirvehiclefleetimprove60%fasterthancountriesthatdonot.SriLankawashighlightedasahighperformer,thehighestintheworldintermsofEVratio.Theevent,whichformspartoftheIEAEnergyEfficiencyinEmergingEconomiesProgrammeandwascarriedoutwithfundingfromtheIEACleanEnergyTransitionsProgramme,aimedtohelpbuildacommunityofpracticesothateffectiveenergyefficiencypoliciescanplayacentralroleincleanenergytransitions,makingthemmoreaffordableandaccessibletoall.TheIEAhasalsooverthelastyearinitiatedcontactwithcountriesintheregionwiththeaimofinvolvingtheminvariousongoingmultilateralactivitiesrelatedtohydrogen,suchastheCEMHydrogenInitiative(CEMH2I).CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022AfricaPAGE78IEA.CCBY4.0.Inadditiontoparticularprojects,oneoftheoverallobjectivesofourengagementwithAfricawastoincreasetheparticipationandpresenceofAfricancountriesinallCETPactivities.SystematiceffortwasmadetoincludeAfricanpartnersinallknowledge-sharinginitiatives,withaspecialfocusoninnovation.Asaresult,governmentrepresentativesandexpertsfromEthiopia,Kenya,Morocco,NigeriaandSouthAfricaactivelyparticipatedinworkshopsoninnovationpolicyandinpreparatoryandinformationalmeetings.Also,thankstoCETPsupport,MoroccoandNigeriarepresentativesjoinedthepublicsideeventattheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForumorganisedbytheUSDepartmentofEnergyinPittsburghon23September.TheseexchangesbroughtdirectsupporttothecleanenergyinnovationcommunityinAfricancountriesandencouragedthedirectexchangeofexperiencebetweendevelopingcountriesonthetopic.Finally,ithelpedinformIEAanalysisproducedunderthisactivity,withperspectivesfromAfricanexperts.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SouthAfricaPAGE79IEA.CCBY4.0.SouthAfricaSouthAfricahasbeenanIEAassociationcountrysince2018,withinstitutionalrelationstranslatingintoanalyticalcoverageofthecountryinallIEApublications,andintoactivecollaborationonmajorissuessuchasenergyefficiency.Buildingontheseexistingbases,inlate2022theSouthAfricaDepartmentofMineralResourcesandEnergyrequestedIEAsupportfortheIntegratedResourcePlan,adocumentaimingtoanticipatefuturepowergenerationcapacityadditions.EnergyefficiencyinSouthAfricaTheIEAcontinuedworkonindustryindicatorsin2022.Followingtwoworkshopsin2021,anotherwasorganisedin2022onpulpandpaper.SouthAfricaalsojoineddiscussionswithBrazilandIndonesiaonindicators,sharingbestpractices.WeprovidedcommentsonenergyefficiencyincentivemeasuresbeingdevelopedinSouthAfricabytheDepartmentofMineralResourcesandEnergy.Thisispartoftheongoingsupportwehavebeenprovidingovertheyears,firsttodeveloptheNEED(NationalEnergyEfficiencyStrategy),thentocarryitout,andnowtoreviewit.WealsosupportedtheparticipationofSouthAfricainkeyenergyefficiencyevents,includingaglobalconference,thesub-SaharanAfricaTrainingWeek,theSEADinitiativeandmanyothers,ensuringdifferentperspectivesareexpressed.TheIEAhasalsobeensupportingSouthAfricainitseffortstopursueajustenergytransition,reviewingroadmaps,engagingwithkeystakeholdersandprovidinginputsasrequired.SouthAfricapolicyalignmentforcleanandsustainableenergytransitionsCETPfundingallowedforthecontinuationoftheIEA’sanalyticalworkonenvironmentaltaxationandcarbonpricinginthepowerandtransportsector.TosupportthedesignofthesecondphaseofSouthAfrica’scarbontax,wedevelopedaconfidentialpolicypaperfortheSouthAfricanNationalTreasuryinApril,analysingtheeffectofdifferenttaxdesignoptionsonthepowersector.Thepaperusedandupdatedanalysisundertakenin2020and2021undertheCETP,takingintoaccounttheriseinglobalenergypricesandnewannouncementsoncarbonpricingintheBudget2022.Thepaperhelpedinformdomesticpolicydiscussionsoncarbonpricing,supportingthedevelopmenttheDraftTaxationLawsAmendmentBillofJuly2022,whichproposesanambitiouscarbonpricetrajectoryto2030.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022SouthAfricaPAGE80IEA.CCBY4.0.TheCETPalsosupportedtherevisionandfinalisationofareportanalysingthepotentialroleofthecarbontaxwithinthetransportfueltaxsystem,andsupportedinternationalexchangeoncarbonpricing.ThisincludedtheengagementofSouthAfricanexpertsintheIEA-OECDfocusgroupdiscussiononthedevelopmentofeffectiveGHGETSsandtheorganisationofaside-eventatCOP27intheSouthAfricanPaviliononcarbonpricinginthepowersector.RenewablesOurworkonrenewablesinSouthAfricamainlyfocusedonsolarPVandhydropower.ItincludedanalysisofdistributedPVuptake,withaspecificfocuson:•Changesinpolicyforembeddedgeneration.•Changesinpolicytoallowfornetmetering(residentialscale).•Eskom’sconcernsaroundloadsheddingandrateincreases.TheanalysissetthegroundworkforanongoingassessmentandforecastofthedistributedPVmarketinSouthAfrica,includingidentificationofthepotentialbusinessmodelsforeachsegmentandpotentialuptake.TheresultsofthisanalysiswereincludedintheforecastforSouthAfricaintheRenewables2022marketreport.Otheractivitiesfocusedontheassessmentofprojectionsforhydropowercapacityadditions.Morespecifically,wecarriedoutareviewofenablingpoliciesforhydropowerdevelopmentandanassessmentofthecurrentprojectpipelineforSouthAfrica.Thisguidedtheanalysisofhydropowerdevelopmentandthesector’soutlook,whichinformedandwasincludedintheAfricaEnergyOutlook2022.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022MiddleEastandNorthAfricaPAGE81IEA.CCBY4.0.MiddleEastandNorthAfricaHighlightsSupportforenergy-producingcountries,includingEgypt,AlgeriaandOman,intheirtransitionstowardsthedecarbonisationofoilandgassectors,withaspecialfocusonmethaneabatement.AnincreasinglyimportantworkprogrammewithEgypt–thecountryjoinedtheIEAFamilyasanassociationcountryattheIEA2022MinisterialMeetinginMarch.SupporttoEgypt’sConferenceoftheParties(COP)presidency,includingdirectinvolvementindevelopingtheagendaaroundthefirstDecarbonisationDayandtheEnergyDay.WorkonimprovingclimateresilienceinEgypt,MoroccoandOmanincloseco-operationwithnationalstakeholders.ClosecollaborationwithOmanongreenhydrogenandenergymodellingtosupportcleanenergypolicies.TheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica(MENA)regionhasremainedapriorityfortheIEAbecauseofitstraditionalroleinprovidingenergysecurity,andalsobecausethesecountriesareincreasinglyconfrontedbytheneedtodecarbonisetheirenergysystems.Aglobalhubforoil,gasandhydrocarbonproducts,theregionhasalsoattractedincreasinginterestfromIEAmembercountriesastheysoughttodiversifysupplysourcesforhydrocarbonsbeforeandfollowingRussia’sinvasionofUkraine.Beyondtheirimportanceforglobalenergysecurity,severalMENAproducershaveembarkedonlarge-scaleeconomicdiversificationprogrammestoreducetheireconomies’relianceonhydrocarbonexports.GiventhecentralityoftheenergysectorasashareofGDPandgovernmentrevenues,theenergysectorisundergoinganunprecedentedtransformationasglobalenergysystemsneedtorapidlyreacttoachangingparadigmshift.TheIEAhasbeenaccompanyingMENAproducersonthetwopillarsoftheirenergytransitionswithsupportfromtheCETP.Thefirstisondecarbonisingtheoilandgassectors,withamethaneabatementworkshopheldwithIraq’sMinistryofOilandearlydiscussionswithAlgeriaandEgyptonsimilarefforts.TheIEAhasalsoinvestedsignificantresourcesinsupportingMENAcountries(producersandnon-producers)withtheircleanenergytransitionefforts–thesecondpillar.MostCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022MiddleEastandNorthAfricaPAGE82IEA.CCBY4.0.notably,theIEAandOmanhavebeenworkingcloselytogetheronthreekeystudies:•Thedevelopmentofamacroeconomicmodeltoanalysetheimpactofcleanenergypoliciesonkeymacroeconomicindicators.•AgreenhydrogensupplychainanalysistoassessthecostsandbenefitsofdevelopingagreenhydrogenindustryinOman.•Astudytounderstandtheimplicationsofthedevelopmentofagreenhydrogenindustryforrenewableenergydemandinthecountry.TheoutputsareexpectedtobereleasedinMarch2023andtheIEAplanstoleveragethemtoshowcaseOmanasakeyproducereconomyintransition,intheregionandglobally.ThissetofstudiesrepresentsauniqueeffortthatisexpectedtohaveanotableimpactintherunuptoCOP28,whichisexpectedtoconcentrateontheopportunitiesandchallengesfacedbyproducersastheytransitiontolow-carboneconomies.TheIEAengagedwithEgyptasasignificantgasproducerintheEasternMediterraneanregion.ThisledtothecountryjoiningtheIEAfamilyasanassociationcountryatthe2022IEAMinisterialinMarch.TheSecretariathassincedevelopedaJointWorkProgrammewithEgypt,whichiscurrentlyawaitingsignaturefrombothparties.TheIEAhascontinuouslyco-operatedwithJapan’sEmbassyinCairo,notablyduringtheIEAExecutiveDirector’svisittoEgyptinFebruary,whenhedeliveredakeynotespeechattheEgyptPetroleumShow(EGYPS)inthepresenceoftheEgyptianPresidentandseveralmembersofhiscabinet.Atthemultilaterallevel,theJapanMOFAVCsupportedengagementstoassisttheEgyptianCOP27Presidency.TheIEAprovidedstrategicdirectionthatincludeddevelopingtheagendaaroundthefirstDecarbonisationDayaswellastheEnergyDay.ProvidingCOP27supportenabledtheIEAtoengagewithawiderangeofstakeholders;itco-organised23eventsandparticipatedin78othersasspeakers,alwayshighlightingtheneedtopursuethedualobjectiveofglobalenergysecurityandsustainabledevelopment.AnotherkeyengagementfortheIEAhasbeentheroleitplayedintheestablishmentoftheMENAEuropeFutureEnergyDialogue(MEFED),aplatformledbyGermany’sGIZandwhoseobjectiveistopromoteenergyco-operationbetweenEuropeandtheMENAregionontopicssuchashydrogen,renewableenergyandinterconnections.ThefirstconferencewasheldinJordaninJunewiththeparticipationoftheIEADeputyExecutiveDirector,withtheIEAactingasamemberoftheplatform’ssteeringcommittee.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022MiddleEastandNorthAfricaPAGE83IEA.CCBY4.0.AsasideeventtothisfirstMEFEDconference,theIEAorganisedapaneldiscussionentitled“TheRoadtoCOP27and28:TheRoleoftheMENARegioninGlobalDecarbonisation”,gatheringminster-levelparticipantsfromGermany,IraqandJordan,moderatedbytheIEA.Lastly,theIEAstartedengagingwiththerecentlycreatedEastMedGasForum,whichgathersgasimportersandexportersfromtheregion.MembersincludeRepublicofCyprus2,Egypt,France,Greece,Israel,Italy,JordanandPalestine,withtheUnitedStatesasobservers.Amemorandumofunderstandingisunderpreparationtosupporttechnicalco-operationingassectordecarbonisationandmarketanalysis.Morerecently,theIEAorganiseditsfirstmissiontoAlgeria,whereitengagedwiththeMinistryofEnergyandMines,Sonatrachandtheregulatoronenergysectordecarbonisationandscalinguprenewables.TheoutcomeofthismissionhasbeenAlgeria’sexpressionofinterestinbenefitingfromIEAtechnicalassistanceonmethaneabatementinitsnaturalgassector.Inaddition,theenergyregulatorinitiatedstepstojointheIEA-supportedRegulatoryEnergyTransitionsAccelerator(RETA).HydrogeninOmanWiththesupportofasecondeefromthegovernmentofOman,theIEAorganisedawebinarwithOmanLNGon23Maytoexploretheopportunitiesandchallengesassociatedwithcreatingdemandforlow-emissionhydrogeninOman.Besideshigh-levelspeakersfromOman,theeventalsoincludedspeakersfrominternationalorganisationsandfinanceinstitutions,suchastheWorldBank.ItwasattendedbyalargenumberofOmanidecisionmakersandexperts,andwereceivedhighlypositivefeedbackfromdelegates.Wearepreparingareportonhowlarge-scaledevelopmentofrenewablehydrogencouldhelpOmantoestablishnewrevenuestreamsanddecarbonisedomesticenergyuse.ThisworkhasbeenbenefitingfromtheinputandcollaborationofDrAbdullahAl-Abri(OmanisecondeetotheIEA).Preliminarydatacollectionandbackgroundresearchstartedinthefinalquarterof2021,andworkonthereportbeganofficiallyinsummer2022.2Theinformationinthisdocumentwithreferenceto“Cyprus”relatestothesouthernpartoftheIsland.ThereisnosingleauthorityrepresentingbothTurkishandGreekCypriotpeopleontheIsland.TürkiyerecognisestheTurkishRepublicofNorthernCyprus(TRNC).UntilalastingandequitablesolutionisfoundwithinthecontextoftheUnitedNations,Türkiyeshallpreserveitspositionconcerningthe“Cyprusissue”.TheRepublicofCyprusisrecognisedbyallmembersoftheUnitedNationswiththeexceptionofTürkiye.TheinformationinthisdocumentrelatestotheareaundertheeffectivecontroloftheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCyprus.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarI–AcceleratingnationaltransitionsAnnualReport2022MiddleEastandNorthAfricaPAGE84IEA.CCBY4.0.WegaveapresentationofourearlyfindingsattheOmanGreenHydrogenSummit,heldinMuscaton5-7December.Itwasverywellreceived,attractingattentionfromlocalofficialsandotherstakeholdersandraisinginterestinOman’shydrogenplans.Wealsocompletedatechno-economicanalysisofOman’senergysectorandespeciallyofthecountry’spotentialforrenewableenergyandrenewablehydrogenandhydrogen-derivedfuelsby2030.Theprospectsforfollow-upworktocomplementandexpandonouranalysisareunderdiscussion.RenewableenergydeploymentandpoliciesinEgyptTheIEAconductedadetailedassessmentofthelong-termrenewableenergymarketandpolicyframeworkofEgypt.Morespecifically,weidentifiedpolicychangesandmarketevolutionbetween2021and2022,andassessedthestatusandprogressofeachrenewableenergyprojectunderdevelopment.Thisallowedustoforecastrenewablepowerinvestmentanddeploymentupto2027andtoidentifykeychallengestoscalinguprenewableelectricity.TheresultsoftheanalysiswereincludedandpresentedintheRenewables2022marketreport.Forthefirsttime,theIEAassessedEgypt’srenewablehydrogenambitions.Weresearchedthestatusofeachhydrogenprojecttoestimatetheamountofrenewablecapacityneededtodeveloprenewablehydrogeninthecomingfiveyears.ThiswaspartofalargerpieceofresearchinwhichwebenchmarkedEgypt’sprogressinreachingitsrenewablehydrogenambitionsagainstothercountriesintheMENAregion.TheIEAalsoconductedpreparatoryworkrelatedtoacleanenergyfinanceandinvestmentpolicyreviewtobecarriedoutwithOECDENV.Finally,theIEAprovidedEgyptwithsupportonhydropoweratCOP27.WeworkedwiththeTajikistangovernmentandtheInternationalHydropowerAssociationtoorganiseasideeventontheroleofhydropowerinachievingclimateresilience.TheIEAmadetwopresentations:onescene-settingontheincreasingroleofhydropowertowardsnetzero,andasecondonresilienceinhydropowerandclimatechange:adaptationandmitigation.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE85IEA.CCBY4.0.PillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationHighlightsWecontinuedsupportingtheBiofuturePlatformasfacilitator,co-ordinatoroftherelevantCleanEnergyMinisterial(CEM)BiofutureInitiativeandco-manageroftheCleanEnergyMinisterialBiofutureCampaign.TheworkoftheBiofuturePlatformgeneratedincreasedinterestinbioenergyandindustryinvolvementinthesector.WeprovidedsupporttoIndonesia’s2022presidencyoftheG20withanalyticalrecommendationsonnetzeropathways,cleanenergytechnologiesandinvestment,andglobalenergymarketsandsecurity.WealsoworkedcloselywithIndiatoprepareforthecountry’sG20presidencyin2023.TheIEA’sworkwasgreatlyrecognisedthroughoutCOP27inEgypt.Notably,theIEAWorldEnergyOutlook2022wasreferencedintheCOP27finaldecision,theSharmel-SheikhImplementationPlan.TheIEAcontinueditslongstandingroleasaco-custodianofdatafortheUN’senergy-relatedSDGs.ThelatestprojectionswereabletofullycapturetheeffectsofthesetbackonreachinguniversalaccesscausedbytheCovid-19pandemic,mostlyconcentratedinsub-SaharanAfrica.Recentanalysisreflectstheaffordabilityimpactsoftheglobalenergycrisis.TheIEAcontinuedtoco-ordinatetheRegulatoryEnergyTransitionAccelerator(RETA)network,focusingoninternalconsolidationandoutreach.Wehadbroadenedtheparticipantbasetomorethan30regulatorsbytheendof2022.BiofuturePlatformTheIEAsuccessfullycontinueditssupportfortheBiofuturePlatforminitsroleasplatformfacilitator,co-ordinatoroftherelatedCEMBiofutureInitiativeandco-manageroftheCEMBiofutureCampaign.Theseactivitiestriggeredanumberofimportantoutcomesandimpacts.Overthecourseof2022,theBiofuturePlatformplayedacrucialroleinraisingtheprofileofbioenergyandthebroaderbioeconomyamongkeystakeholdersandwithinrelevantglobalprocessesandinitiatives,contributingtoshapingtheiragendas.Notably,theBiofuturePlatformenabledministerialandCEO-leveldialogueandengagementonbioenergyandthebioeconomyatmajorCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE86IEA.CCBY4.0.internationalevents,bringingthemintothemainstreamandputtingthemoncleanenergyandnetzeroagendasatrelevant,high-levelforums.Inparticular,attheCEMandMIMinisterialconferenceduringtheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForum2022(Pittsburgh,21-23September),theBiofuturePlatformorganisedsixevents,whichreceivedagreatdealofattention,raisingawarenessoftheimportanceandthebenefitsofbioenergyandthebioeconomyamongtheCEMcommunity.Theseeventsincluded:•ACEO-MinisterialRoundtableonBioenergyandBiofuels,whichwasattendedbyministersorheadsofdelegationfromsixcountriesandbyseniorexecutivesfrom14majorcompanies,andduringwhichahigh-levelbiofuturestatementwaslaunched.•Ahigh-leveleventonsustainableaviationfuel,duringwhichtheSecretaryoftheUSDepartmentofEnergy,JenniferGranholm,launchedtheSAFGrandChallengeRoadmap.OtherkeyeventsorganisedbytheBiofuturePlatformin2022includedawebinarattheG20inIndonesiainJune,entitledBiofuelsfortheGreenEconomy.Animportantachievementin2022wassustainedandfurtherstrengthenedindustryengagement,withsignificantgrowthinthemembershipoftheBiofutureCampaign.Thisnowbringstogetherover40leadingcompaniesengagedintheproductionanduseofbio-basedfuels,chemicalsandmaterials.Underthecampaign,governmentsandindustryareworkingtogethertoacceleratedeploymentofbio-andwaste-basedproductsandshowcasehowtheycanbenefitsociety.Withtheaimofpromotinganevidence-basedunderstandingofsustainablebiomassproductionanduse,theBiofuturePlatformlaunchedanewworkstreamonbiomassquantificationandsustainabilitygovernance.Thedesiredoutcomesofthisworkstreamareto:•Ensureappropriaterolesforsustainablebiomasstohelpachievegoalsfornetzero,climate-smartenergyandsustainabledevelopment.•Reducesustainabilityrisksforbiomassproductionanduse.•Increaserecognitionofbiomassasafoundationformoreinclusive,circulareconomies.Inordertoprovideguidanceandfeedbackonworkstreamactivities,atechnicaladvisorygroupwasconvened,bringingtogetheractiveandinfluentialleadersinthebioenergyindustry,bioenergyresearchsector,policymakersandacademicswithadocumentedrecordofengagement.ThegroupbringsadiversityofperspectivesandexpertisetothedevelopmentofevidencetoaddressCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE87IEA.CCBY4.0.uncertaintiesaboutthecontributionofbiomasstosustainabledevelopmentandclimatechangemitigation.Thisshouldreduceriskforinvestors,bio-projectdevelopers,policymakersandotherstakeholders.Aspartoftheseeffortstopromoteconvergenceonbiomasssustainability,aseriesofconversationswereinitiatedwithselectedinfluentialorganisationstraditionallyscepticaltowardsbioenergy,suchastheWRI.Workcontinuedonthepolicyblueprint,withthepublicationofthemethodologyandthreecountryprofiles(Brazil,theNetherlandsandtheUnitedStates),whichprovideusefulinsightsintothedesign,implementationandeffectivenessofbiofuelpoliciesinthesecountries,highlightingrelevantlessonslearned.Co-operationwithrelevantinitiativeswasstrengthened.TheBiofuturePlatformandtheIEABioenergyTCPsignedamemorandumofunderstandingunderwhichtheyagreedtoco-operatetohelpacceleratesustainablebioenergyandbioeconomydevelopments.CollaborationcontinuedwiththeUNFoodandAgricultureOrganizationandtheGlobalBioenergyPartnership,andco-operationwasinitiatedwiththerecentlyestablishedIntegratedBiorefineriesMission(underMI).Withaviewtoenhancingtheeffectivenessandimpactofitscommunications,theBiofuturePlatformlaunchedanewinteractivewebsiteandboosteditssocialmediapresenceandactivities.Inaddition,variousawareness-raisingmaterialsweredevelopedanddisseminated.BiofuturePlatformhomepage,biofutureplatform.orgBuildingupontheoutcomesofthesuccessful2022activitiesdescribedabove,anambitiousactionplanfor2023wasdevelopedandapprovedbytheAll-MemberGroup.Theplanaimstofurtherraisetheprofileofthebioeconomyandbioenergy,continuingtobringthemintothemainstreamofhigh-levelprocessesandCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE88IEA.CCBY4.0.discussionsrelatedtonetzeroandthecleanenergytransition.Theactionplancomprisesfiveworkstreams,whichwillbeimplementedinclosesynergywiththemembersoftheBiofuturePlatformInitiativeandCampaignandinco-operationwiththepartnerorganisationsmentionedabove.Theseworkstreamsare:•CEM/G20events.•Biomassquantificationandsustainability.•Policybestpractices.•Advancingbiochemicalsandbiomaterials.•De-riskingprojectfinance.G20IndonesiaG20EnergyandClimateProgrammeThegovernmentofIndonesia,whichheldthepresidencyoftheG20in2022,invitedtheIEAtohelpshapeG20discussionsonacceleratingenergytransitionsbyprovidinganalysisandrecommendationsonnetzeropathways,cleanenergytechnologiesandinvestment,andglobalenergymarketsandsecurity.InthisroleasastrategicpartnertothegovernmentofIndonesia,theIEAalsosupportedMEMRonaseriesofG20sideeventscoveringpeople-centredcleanenergytransitions,CCUS,securityofenergytransitions,biofuels,energyefficiency,andcleanenergyinvestmentandfinance,jointlywithotherinternationalorganisations.Moreinformationisinthesummaryreport,SummaryofG202022EnergyTransitionsWorkingGroupSideEvents.TheIEAplayedacriticalroleinthefirsteverG20EnergyTransitionsMinisterialMeeting,heldinBalion2September.IEAExecutiveDirector,FatihBirol,participatedinthemeeting,discussingtheglobalenergyoutlookandenergysecurity,andunveilingnewanalysisofIndonesia’snetzeropathways.ThesecontributionswererequestedbytheIndonesianG20presidencyandarereflectedintheG20Chair'sSummaryEnergyTransitionsMinistersMeeting2022report.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE89IEA.CCBY4.0.TocoincidewithIndonesia’sG20presidency,theIEAdevelopedacomprehensivereport,AnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia,whichchartsapathforthecountry’senergytransitionoverthecomingdecades.TheroadmapsetsoutaviablepathwayforIndonesiatoreachnetzeroby2060,withanalysisthatspanskeyareassuchasenergysecurityandaffordability,phasingdowncoaluse,people-centredtransitions,investmentandfinancingneeds,andcriticalminerals.Thereportalsoexaminesahigh-ambitionpathwayinwhichIndonesiareachesnetzeroby2050.TheprojectwasrequestedbythegovernmentofIndonesiaandwasconductedinclosecollaborationwithMEMR,demonstratingthestrongco-operationbetweentheIEAandIndonesiaonenergytransitions.IEAExecutiveDirector,FatihBirol,andIndonesia’sMinisterofEnergyandMineralResources,ArifinTasrif,alsosignedaJointHigh-LevelStatementthatsetsoutasharedvisionofIndonesia’spathtonetzero,drawingontheroadmap’sfindings.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE90IEA.CCBY4.0.Indonesia’sgovernmentalsoaskedtheIEAtoprovideinsightstoupdatetheG20energycollaborationprinciples,adoptedattheG20EnergyandClimateMinisterialinNaplesin2021(knownastheNaplesPrinciples).Theresultingreport,SecurityofCleanEnergyTransitions,examinestheevolvingnatureofenergysecurityinthecontextofcleanenergytransitionsingeneralandonthepathwaytonetzeroemissionsinparticular.Inthelightofthe2022globalenergycrisis,ithighlightsemergingenergysecurityconcernsandprovideskeyrecommendationsandadvicetostrengthenemergencyresponseandboostinternationalcollaboration,notablyamongtheG20.TheIEApresentedoptionsfortheG20toadoptswiftandcollectiveresponsestotheglobalenergycrisisatdiscussionsintherunuptotheG20SummitinBali.BuildingontheSecurityofCleanEnergyTransitionsreport,theIEApreparedpolicyrecommendationsfortheG20collectiveresponsetotheglobalenergycrisisasinputstotheG20Leaders’Summit.SupportedbytheCETP,thisIEAadviceontheglobalenergycrisisdeliveredthroughworkshopsandworkstreamsacrosstheG7andtheG20onmitigatingglobalenergypriceincreases.Inaddition,theIEA’sworkfortheG20onenergytransitionsinAsiabecameapillarfortheformulationoftheG7workprogrammeforJapanG7in2023,notablywithregardtotheMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustryofJapan’sinitiativeonAsiaNetZeroEmissionsCommunity.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE91IEA.CCBY4.0.UndertheG20financetrack,theIEAsupporteddiscussionsontheroleofpeople-centredtransitionsonthepathwaytonetzero.BuildingonitsworkwiththeGlobalCommissiononPeople-CentredTransitions,theIEAlaidoutrecommendationsatthePolicyLeversForumon13JuneinBali,aheadofthethirdG20SustainableFinanceWorkingGroup.TheIEAprovidedtheG20withpolicyinsightsandadviceonhowtoboostjusttransitionsandgreeninvestment,andtheroleoffinanceonthepathwaytowardsnetzeroemissions.RegulatoryEnergyTransitionAccelerator(RETA)InNovember2021theIEA,alongwiththeUKgovernment,theInternationalRenewableEnergyAgencyandtheWorldBank,launchedtheRETAinitiativetoaccelerateandimprovetheregulatorycapacitynecessarytodecarboniseenergysystems.TheIEAprovidestheco-ordinatingfunctionofRETAanddeliversanalyticalworktosupporttheinitiative,bothofwhichtheCETPhassupported.In2022RETAentereditssecondyearafteritsintroductionatCOP26.Inthefirsthalfof2022RETAfocusedoninternalconsolidationandoutreach,broadeningitsparticipantbasefromanoriginal20endorsingregulatorsatCOP26tomorethan30bytheendof2022.InMayRETAhelditsfirststeeringcommitteemeeting,whichenabledittostartdefiningtheinitialsetofflagshipprojectsaswellasbuildingpartnershipswithanumberofregionalandinternationalregulatoryassociations,suchastheInternationalConfederationofEnergyRegulators(ICER),theEnergyRegulatorsRegionalAssociation(ERRA),theAfricanForumforUtilityRegulators(AFUR)andCanada’sEnergyandUtilityRegulators.Thissecureditsrapidvisibilitywhileensuringitsroleasanimbleplatformthatprovidesaddedvaluewithoutcompetingwithexistingregulatorynetworks.During2022RETAdevelopedaneedsassessmentsurveytounderstandtheprioritiesofparticipatingregulatorsandconsolidatetheworkplanofthefivemainflagshipprojectsonsmallislanddevelopingstates,decarbonisation,interconnectors,real-timedataandtheaccelerator'sknowledgehub.Externally,RETAorganisedaseriesofhigh-leveldiscussionsattheCEMandCOP27andcontributedtotrainingsessionsandworkshopswithitsvariouspartnerregulatorynetworks.TheexpertisewithintheRETAnetworkhasbeendeployedtoassistinformationrequestsfromBrazilandJapan,anapproachthatwillbestrengthenedthroughtheimplementationoftheknowledgehubinthecomingyear.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE92IEA.CCBY4.0.ThefirstRETAPublicevent,AcceleratingtheEnergyTransitionThroughInternationalCollaboration,wasaconversationbetweenAudreyZibelmanandenergyregulators.ThisvirtualconversationbroughttogetherAudreyZibelman,VicePresidentofTapestry(X’sElectricGridMoonshot)andJonathanBrearley,CEOofOfgem,aswellasheadsofenergyregulatorsworldwidetodiscusstheregulatorygapsthatneedtobeaddressedfortheenergytransition.Itwasfollowedbyapaneldiscussiongatheringseveralenergyregulationexpertsandpractitionersfromaroundtheworld.IEA.Allrightreserved.Acceleratingtheenergytransitionthroughinternationalcollaboration–aconversationbetweenAudreyZibelmanandenergyregulators,21June2022IEApartneredwiththeInternationalConfederationofEnergyRegulatorstoprovideadisseminationworkshopontheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency’sReorganisingPowerSystemsfortheTransitionreportata21Julyworkshop.RETAgaveapresentationattheRenewableEnergyInvestmentConferenceorganisedbytheEnergyRegulatorsRegionalAssociationandtheCouncilofEuropeanEnergyRegulators,andhostedbyRETASteeringCommitteemember,theGeorgianNationalEnergyandWaterSupplyRegulatoryCommissionon26-28October.Facilitatinginvestmentinrenewablesiskeyforregulatorstofulfiltheirgoalofflexible,renewable-basedsystems.Theconferencewasamajorstepforwardindeepeningregulators’knowledge,andlearningfromeachother’sexperiences.IntheEasternCaribbean,peer-to-peerexchangebetweenenergyregulatorstookplaceon2NovemberataninteractivesessionorganisedbytheGlobalGreenCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE93IEA.CCBY4.0.GrowthInstituteandtheOrganisationofEasternCaribbeanStates,entitled“RegulatoryGuidelinesonInterconnectionofCustomer-OwnedRenewableEnergyFacilitiestotheGrid”.ThisknowledgeexchangewillhelpformabasisforRETA’sflagshipprojectonsmallislanddevelopingstates.AspartofthestandingcollaborationbetweenRETAandICER,wherebyRETAprovidesexpertspeakers,theIEApresenteditsEnergyEfficiency2022reporttoICERVirtualWorkingGroupsinJulyandNovember.UN-relatedcollaborationClimateresilienceinMENAandCOP27TheIEA’sworkwasgreatlyappreciatedandrecognisedthroughoutCOP27inEgypt.Notably,theIEAWorldEnergyOutlook2022wasreferencedintheCOP27finaldecision,theSharmel-SheikhImplementationPlan.WesupportedEgypt'sCOP27presidency,contributingtotheplanningoftheCOP27presidencyagendaonenergyanddecarbonisation.IntotaltheIEAorganisedandco-organised23events,participatedin78eventsasspeakersandhadmorethan50bilateralmeetingsandinterviews,reflectingthehighprofileoftheIEA’srole.OurpresenceandvisibilityatCOP27wasremarkablenotonlyintermsofquantity,butalsoquality.Wewereaskedtocontributeacrossasignificantlyexpandedrangeofissues,coveringdiversecross-cuttingtopicssuchasfinancing,justtransitions,adaptationandresilienceinadditiontoouroutstandingpresenceonmoretraditionalenergytopics,engagingmorepartnersfromnon-membercountriesincludingtheMENAregion.AdditionalIEAactivitiesatCOP27includedthefollowing:•TheIEA’sExecutiveDirectorparticipatedintheClimateImplementationSummit(7-8November),includingahigh-levelroundtableentitled“InvestingintheFutureEnergy:GreenHydrogen”,organisedbythepresidency.•WeprovidedscenarioanalysisanddatafortheestablishmentoftheAfricaJustandAffordableEnergyTransitioninitiativeandparticipatedinweeklystakeholdermeetingsforthisinitiative.OurDeputyExecutiveDirectorspokeattheopeningceremonyoftheEnergyDay(15November)wheretheinitiativewaslaunchedbytheCOP27presidency.•WesupportedotherpresidencyeventsbyprovidingtechnicalinputtotheEnergyandDecarbonisationDayprogrammesviaregularmeetings.Attherequestofthepresidency,IEAexpertsmoderatedtwohigh-leveleventsontheEnergyDayaddressingthedeliveryofcleanenergyatatimeofglobalcrisisandtheroleofelectricalinterconnections.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE94IEA.CCBY4.0.•TheIEAwillcontinueitssupportfortheUnitedArabEmirates’COP28presidency.IEAexpertshadaseriesofmeetingswiththeCOP28teamtodiscussourpotentialinputtothepresidency’sagendaonenergy.•TheIEAmadeitsfirstofficialsubmissiontotheofficialUNFCCCGlobalStocktakeoftheParisAgreementinApril2022asanadmittedobserver,andwillcontinuetoprovideanofficialinputtothefirstGlobalStocktake.•TheIEAsupportedthefirstMENAClimateWeek2022,organisedbytheUNFCCCon28-31March.Weco-organisedtwosessionsonjustenergytransitionsincollaborationwithothermajorinternationalorganisations,whichshowedhowenergytransitiontechnologiescancontributetodecarbonisationandsocio-economicdevelopmentintheMENAregionandhowpartnershipscouldaccelerateit.TheIEAcommittedtobuildingandenhancingtheclimateresilienceofenergysystemsintheMENAregion.Weidentifiedthreecountries,Egypt,MoroccoandOman,asfirst-batchcountries,wherebuildingresilienceagainstclimateimpactsintheenergysectorisanurgentissue.Wearesettoreleasecountryanalysesinthecomingmonths,includingassessmentofclimatehazardsfortheenergysectorbasedonhistoricaldataandclimateprojections,stocktakingofexistingpolicymeasures,andmakingrecommendations.ThisworkstartedinEgypt,wheretheIEAorganisedakick-offtaskforcemeetingon10August,invitingfocalpointsfromrelevantministries.TheintermediateversionofthecountryanalysiswascirculatedamongthetaskforcemembersforreviewandreceivedfeedbackinAugust,andthefinalversionoftheanalysisisduetobereleasedbytheendofMarch2023.InMoroccotheIEAheldtwobilateralmeetingswiththeMinistryofEnergy,MinesandEnvironmenttodiscussthestudy.AdraftversionisduetobesharedwithpartnersbytheendofMarch2023.InOmantheIEAheldakick-offmeetingwithnationalcounterpartsandsharedapreliminarydraft.AfinaldraftofthestudyissettobesharedbytheendofMarch2023.TheGEF-fundedGlobalE-MobilityProgrammeTheGEF-fundedGlobalE-MobilityProgrammewaslaunchedatCOP26withtheaimofsupportingtheshifttoelectricmobilityinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.TheIEAleadstwooftheglobalthematicworkinggroups(Light-DutyVehiclesandChargingInfrastructure/GridIntegration/Batteries),providingknowledgeproductsanddevelopinganetworkforadvocacy,technologyandpolicyadvice.TheIEAisalsoresponsibleforsettingupaframeworktotrackprogressonthedeploymentofEVsintheparticipatinggovernments,buildingontheworkoftheCEMElectricVehiclesInitiative,whichtheIEAco-ordinates.TheIEAworkscloselywiththeE-MobilityProgrammeanditsregionalplatformsledbythefollowingorganisations:UNEnvironment(Africa),AfD(Asia),EBRDCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE95IEA.CCBY4.0.(EasternEuropeandtheMiddleEast)andCentrodeMovilidadSostenibleMarioMolinaChile(LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean).Theoutputoftheprogrammeincluded:•LaunchofanIEApolicybriefonpubliccharginginfrastructure,releasedinApril,•LaunchoftheIEAinteractivetoolformeasuringthetotalcostofownershipforvarioustypesofvehicles,launchedinDecember,•LaunchoftheIEApolicymanualongridintegration,launchedinDecember.Inadditiontothis,theIEAorganisedanumberofpreparatoryandlaunchwebinarsfortheprogramme’sparticipants.TheIEAhasalsoaspartofitsroletotrackprogressincludedParticipatingcountriesintheannualdatacollectionexercisefortheGlobalEVOutlook.ExtractfromtheElectricVehicles:TotalCostofOwnershipTool,www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/electric-vehicles-total-cost-of-ownership-toolCo-operationondataAsenergydataarekeytoclimatereporting,wehavestrengthenedouralreadystrongrelationshipwiththeUNFCCCondataandtransparencybysharingCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarII–Multilateralco-ordinationAnnualReport2022PAGE96IEA.CCBY4.0.targeteddatafromacrosstopicsfortheirNDCtrackingactivities.WearealsocollaboratingonGHGreviewdatapreparationandtrainingUNFCCCcolleaguestouseourdataforsmootheroperations.Andfinally,wearestartingdiscussionsonanewworkstreamtodevelopcountrycapacityonenergydataforclimatereporting.TheIEA’sobjectivetoimprovethequalityofglobalenergystatisticsalignswiththeUNFCCCprioritytoimproveglobalenergydatainviewoftheParisAgreementreportingrequirements.Tobuildcapacity,wedevelopedajointconceptnotetosupportcountriesastheyworktowardsmeetingtheEnhancedTransparencyFrameworkoftheUNFCCC.Wecontributedtotwonational-levelworkshopsassessingnationaldata(GhanaandBenin)andagreedtojointlyorganisecountry-levelcapacity-buildingworkshopsin2023inselectedcountries.Forthoseworkshops,theIEAwilldelivertargetedtrainingmaterialonhowtoimproveenergydatatofillGHGinventoriesaccordingtotheIPCCGuidelines–materialtargetingcommunitiesworkingonenergyandclimatedata,whichtypicallysitindifferentinstitutions.ThecollaborationwithUNFCCCwillhelpimprovecommunicationanddatasharingbetweennationalenergyandenvironmentministries,withtheultimateresultofimprovingdataquality.OthersuccessfulcollaborationswithUNbodiesincluded:•CollaborationwithUnitedNationsStatisticsDivision(UNSD)ontherevisionprocessfortheproductclassification,SIEC.•Organisationandchairingasessionatthe2022UNECEExpertForumofproducersandusersofclimatestatistics,whichledtorequestsfromcountriesforguidanceonusingmicrodataandadministrativesourcestodevelopenergyandclimateindicators(awebinarisbeplannedforQ12023).•ProvisiontoUNSDofSDGdata(theIEAiscustodianofSDG7.2,7.3and9.4).•CollaborationwithUNIDOonSDG9dataandotherindicatorsandwithUNSDonSDG7data.•CommunicationwiththeInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA)oncapacity-buildingactivities.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE97IEA.CCBY4.0.PillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueHighlightsImportantimprovementstonon-membercountrydataandexperimentalworkonkeyindicatorsandthetimelinessofdata,andthecreationofauser-friendlydataportalforfacilitatedaccesstoindicatorswithimportantimplicationsforcleanenergytransitions.Advancingthetimelyworkoncriticalmineralswithmodellingandin-depthanalysisofsupplychainsandthereleaseoftheCriticalMineralsPolicyTracker,atooltohelpgovernmentsexplorenewcriticalmineralpolicies,andanalysisoftheimportanceofenvironmentalandsocialgovernanceincriticalmineralsupplychains.OurconveningofthefirstIEACleanEnergyLabourCouncil,whichbroughttogetherrepresentativesofnationaltradeunionswithstrongrepresentationfromCETPfocuscountries.PublicationofthefirsteverWorldEnergyEmploymentreport,whichprovidedafirst-of-itskindestimateofhowmanyworkersareemployedintheglobalenergysector,accompaniedbyprojectionsoffuturelabourdemandbysectorandregionunderdifferentscenarios.Amajorprojectondigitalisationofpowersystems,whichfurtheredstrengthenedtheanalysisanddisseminationoffindingsontheimportanceofdigitaltechnologiesforenergydecarbonisation,cleanenergytransitionsandnetzero.Advancingtheworkonfinancingcleanenergytransitionstoraiseawarenessoftheriskofshortfallsincleanenergyinvestmentinemerginganddevelopingeconomiesandoffersolutionsthatunlockcapitalthroughenhancedmarketandregulatorydesign.ThisincludedthereleaseofWorldEnergyInvestment2022inJuneaswellasotheranalyticalstudiesandanalyticalefforts,notablytheGovernmentEnergySpendingTracker.Supportformultilateralinnovationpartnershipsandtheworkonenergyinnovationpoliciesanddata,includingpublicationofTrackingCleanEnergyInnovationintheBusinessSector:AnOverviewandHowGovernmentsSupportCleanEnergyStart-ups:Insightsfromselectedapproachesaroundtheworld,aswellasnewdataexplorationtoolonpublicRD&Dinenergy.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE98IEA.CCBY4.0.DataandstatisticsNon-membercountrydataDuringtheyear,thankstoCETPsupport,theIEAmadesubstantialprogressonimprovingthecoverageandrobustnessofenergybalancesdatarelatingtoAfghanistan,Barbados,GuineaandPapuaNewGuinea.Newdatasourceswerefoundandabetterunderstandingofexistingdatawasgained.Whilstthedatawerenotreleasedinthe2022editionofWorldEnergyBalancesorWorldEnergyStatistics,theworkshouldenablethedatatotheincludedinthe2023editions.WealsocarriedoutworktoestimateIndiancalendaryearenergybalances(fromthefiscalyeardatathatthegovernmentofIndiapublishes)inordertomakeitcomparablewithothercountries’energybalances.WeperformeddetailedmappingoftheexistingIndiandatatoidentifytheperiod(calendarvsfiscal)andmetadataforsources(officialministrydata,IEAestimation,etc.)foreachrelevantdatapointintheIndianenergybalancessowecouldfullyunderstandthecurrentIEAIndiaenergybalance.Whereavailable,wesourcedthelimitedmonthlyandquarterlydatafromgovernmentwebsitessothattheycouldbecumulatedonacalendaryearbasiswherepossible.Forflowsandreferenceyearsthatcouldnotbesourced,weappliedotherindicatorsandestimationstoconvertthefinancialyeardata.Furthervalidationisrequiredtoreplacefiscalyear-baseddatawithdatabasedonthecalendaryear.TheIndiangovernmentisrespondingbystartingtopublishmoreofficialdataonacalendaryearbasis(forinstance,theMinistryofPetroleumandNaturalGashasrecentlystartedtopublishbothfiscalandcalendaryear-baseddatainitsannualreport).During2022wecarriedoutextensivejointworkwithEurostattodevelopapilotjointannualquestionnairetocollectdataonhydrogen.Therelevantflowsincludeproductionbysource,stocks,transformation,trade,finalconsumptionandcapacity.WealsoengagedwiththeAsiaPacificEnergyResearchCentre(APERC)toensurethatthequestionnairetheyweredevelopingfortheirregioncollectedcomparabledata.IEAmembercountrieswillbeaskedtocompletethequestionnaireforthe2022and2023referenceyears.Incorporationoftheseflowswithintheenergybalanceframework,andtheremovalofhydrogen-relatedflowsfromtheexistingsuiteofquestionnaires,willtakeplaceduring2023.Wearegraduallyintroducingdatascrapingtoautomatethefuelstatisticsdatacollectionprocessforsomesmallernon-membercountries,witharotationaldesignforasetofaround20countries.Thisinvolveddesigningaperiodicmethodofestimationfornational-levelenergystatistics;usingsecondaryandinternationalsourceswherepossible;anddeterminingtheoptimalfrequencyofdatacollectionforcountriesselectedforrotation.DuetotheshockstotheenergysystemcausedbytheCovid-19pandemic,2020datawashardtoestimateusingeconometricCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE99IEA.CCBY4.0.methods,andsoallthecountriesweremanuallycalculatedforthiscyclewhilstdevelopinganappropriatemethodology.Ourworkisstillcontinuing,focusingonsimulatingestimationmethodsforspecific“CountryXProductXFlow”combinations,anddevelopingadditionallogicforhard-to-predictcombinations.WehavealsoimplementedautomationofdataextractionfortheEnergyPricesdatabase,aglobalresearch-basedoutputreleasedbytheIEAinrecentyears,coveringend-usepriceinformationatcountryandsectorlevel,atvariousfrequencies.WeeklyextractionsfortheUnitedStatesandEUcountrieshavebeenautomated,andinitialworkhasbeendoneforothercountries’data–thesedataarefedintotheIEAmonthlyoilmarketreportsandtheIEAmonthlypricedatareleases.Thisautomationpilotlookedpromisingandweareplanningtheextractionofabroadersetofdatapointsfromdifferentwebsourcesforfurtherautomationtooptimiseprocedures.Energypricedatahaveattractedincreasingattentionfromthemedia,governmentsandotherstakeholders,includingforaffordabilityassessmentsduetotherecentcrisis.Amongusers,Googlehasshownstronginterestinintegratinginformationfromthisdatabaseintotheirapplications.Additionally,wehavedevelopedautomatiseddataextractionsforaseriesofthird-partydatasources(e.g.UNFCCC,ILO,UNFAOandWorldSteel)andhavemadethemavailableinacentralisedrepositoryintheDataWarehouseforallIEAanalystswithminimalburden.Finally,weareassessingoptionstoautomatetheupdatesoftheWeatherforEnergyTracker.Thiswouldallowweather-relatedinformationrelevantforenergyanalysistobeavailableatDAY+5(currentlyweperformquarterlyupdates).Emissionsdatahavekeptattractinguserrequests.TheIEAEmissionsFactorsdatabase,presentingvariousmetricsrelatedtothecarbonintensityofthegrid,reachedanunprecedentedlevelofusers,primarilybutnotonlyforservicesrelatedtocorporatereporting.WithaviewtoconsolidatingtheIEA’spositionastheworldreferenceinthisdomain,wehaveundertakenworktoassessthefeasibilityofincludingbroaderlifecycleassessmentinformationforvariouselectricitytechnologies,andonotherfuels(e.g.oilproducts)wherepreviousIEAworkrequiredharmonisation.Theprojectisongoingwiththesupportofanintern,andtheproductisplannedforupgradingin2023.Inparallel,wehaveexploredthefeasibilityofintroducingquarterlyinformationonemissionsfactorstoprovidemoretimelyinformationtousers.Themethodologyisbeingrefinedandtested,forpotentialreleasein2023.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE100IEA.CCBY4.0.TheCO2emissionsfromelectricitygenerationresultfromthecombinedeffectofelectricityoutput,generationefficiency,shareoffossilintotalgeneration,andcarbonintensityoffossilgeneration.TheIEAEnergyandCarbonTrackerexploreshowthesefactorscombinedhaveaffectedemissionsacrossarangeofcountriesandregions,IEAEnergyandCarbonTracker2022Trackingprogressinthetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystemsprovidesvaluableinsightintothestepsneededtodaytoachievebothshort-andlong-termclimategoals.TheIEAEnergyandCarbonTrackerisaninteractiveproductshowcasingawidesetofindicatorsusefultoanalysehistoricaltrendsofgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions,energy,powerandsectoralpatterns.Theuser-friendlydesignallowsvisualpresentationofasetofanalyseswhichhelptrackingdecarbonisationatcountrylevelandglobally.Withtheobjectivetoincreasethescopeofincludedgreenhousegasemissionsestimations,theIEAhascoveredinthe2022editionthebroadsetofenergy-relatedgreenhousegasesaccountingforbulkofthecategory1ofthe2006IPCCGuidelinesforGHGinventories.WiththeobjectiveofenhancingIEAmembers’abilitytoplanandtracktheirenergytransitions,andofproposingaharmonisedframeworktocategorisetheirscenarios,wesuccessfullyrevampedthecountryprojectionquestionnairewithsimplifiedbalancesupto2050,takingintoaccountinputfromdataprovidersandexpertsacrosstheIEA.ThequestionnaireislinkedtotheIEAinternalcommitteereportingandcountryin-depthreviewprocess.Notableupgradesincludethedefinitionofscenariocategories,whicharenowcompatiblewiththoseoftheWorldEnergyOutlook;theoptionforcountriestosubmitdataformultiplescenarios;theinclusionofdatafromemergingtechnologies(e.g.hydrogen,CCUS);abetterinterface,withCSVimport/exportandgraphicalvisualisationfeatures;andthedevelopmentofcomprehensiveguidelinesforthedatacompilers.Weheldawebinartopromotethenewquestionnaireandhadagoodresponsefrommembercountries.The2022datacollectionledtothedesignofanewdataproduct,EnergyProjectionsofIEACountries,withextendedtransitionsindicators,includingabroadsetoftransitionindicatorsto2050.ThiswasdeliveredinNovemberandthesameapproachhasCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE101IEA.CCBY4.0.alreabeenappliedtonon-membercountries.Forexample,withingtheaccessionprocess,Colombiasubmittedtheirprojectiondataforthefirsttime.Demand-sidedataandend-useefficiencyindicatorsareessentialformonitoringtransitions.Toassistdatacounterpartsatagloballeveltosetuptheirdatacollectionsystems,wehavealsodevelopedDemand-sidedataandenergyefficiencyindicators,Aguidetodesigningaroadmapfordemand-sidedataandenergyefficiencyindicators(publishedinthefirstquarter2023),introducingaconceptualframeworkbasedonconsultationacrossnationaladministrations.Thisworkishighlyinnovativeasitmovesbeyondmethodologicalguidanceandaddressesstrategiesfornationalenergyinformationsystems.Mexico,throughCONUEEandSENER,hasalreadyexpressedinterestinworkingonanationaldataroadmapbasedonthisframework.Globalenergyintensity,1990vs2020,EnergyEfficiencyIndicatorsDataExplorer,IEA,2022AnewdataexplorerhasincreaseduseraccessibilityandvisualisationoftheIEAEnergyEfficiencyIndicatorsdatabase.Wehaveexpandedthegeographicalcoverageofthedatabase,focusingeffortsontheAsiaPacificregion,thankstocollaborationwithourAPECcounterpart,whichproducedcountry-specificassessmentsonefficiencydatafor13APECeconomiesandasetofnewtrainingmaterialstoestimateend-usedatafromavarietyofsources,initiallypresentedatajointAPEC-IEAworkshop.Moreworkinthisareaisplannedfor2023.Collaborationwithkeyassociationcountries,suchasBrazil,hassuccessfullycontinuedthroughdataexchangeandactiveparticipationintheirinternationaldiscussions(e.g.ourcontributiontoaninternationalworkshoponefficiencydatawithkeystakeholders).CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE102IEA.CCBY4.0.Attheanalyticallevel,wehavedevelopedanewglobaldatabaseonvalueaddedbysectorandsub-sector,alsoincludingenergyandcarbonvalueaddedindicators,usefulforstructuralanalysisandassessmentofeconomicefficiencytrends.Thedatabase,derivedbymergingandharmonisingpartialdatafromacrossdifferentsources,isnowinpeerreviewwithexternalstakeholders.ItisalreadyaccessibleintheIEADataWarehouseandwaspresentedtoteamsaroundtheIEA.Interesthasbeenshownbyusersintheeconomicdomain(e.g.centralbanksforeconomicanalysis)andtheindustrialsector(e.g.theUNIDOcommunity),aswellasinternalusers.Disseminationisplannedforthefirstquarterof2023.Asenergysupplyanddemandaresignificantlyaffectedbyweatherconditions,wehaveconsolidated,updatedandimproveduseraccesstotheWeatherforEnergyTrackerdatabycreatingacustomiseddownloadoption,andaddingmoreformats.ThedatabaseiswidelyusedbyIEAanalyststoinformmodellingandanalyses,andbyexternalusers.Itincludesover20variablesthatarerelevantforenergyanalysis(e.g.heatingdegreedays,coolingdegreedays,solarinsolation).Variablesarecomputedbothatahighgeographicalresolutionandalsoaveragedatanationallevel–torelatewithnationalenergydata.Thismapiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea2022CoolingDegreeDays,21°C,nationalaverage:theWeatherforEnergyTrackerincludesweatherindicatorsatnationallevelaggregatedbypopulation,closelylinkedtoheatingandcoolingneeds.Coolingdegreedayswerein2022largeinSaharanAfrica,MiddleEast,IndiaandSoutheastAsia.WeatherforEnergyTracker,IEA,2022CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE103IEA.CCBY4.0.BasedoninformationfromtheWeatherforEnergyTrackerandadditionalresearch,wehavedevelopedglobalindicatorsofextremeweathereventsandclimatehazardstatisticsatcountrylevel.ThisinformationisfedintotheOECDInternationalProgrammeforActiononClimateplatformandwillalsobedisplayedinajointIEA-OECDmoduleonthe“ClimateHazardsExposureTracker”,tobefinalisedinQ22023.Themodulewillfocusonenergy-relatedindicators,butwillalsoincludevisualisationforabroadersetofclimatichazards.Thismapiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.March2022temperatureanomaly,grid:theWeatherforEnergyTrackerincludesgranularweatherdataatgridlevel,inMarchandApril2022asevereheatwavehitIndiaandPakistan,thosemonthsshowinglargepositivetemperatureanomaly.WeatherforEnergyTracker,IEA,2022Duetotheimportanceofweatherconditionsonenergydemand,wehaveassessedthefeasibilityofseasonalforecastsfornationaltemperatureandprecipitationdata.Questionsincludehowtoproduceseasonaltendencyforecastsbycountryonemonthahead,andforwhichcountriesthescientificforecastwouldbemeaningful(withsignalsabovenoisebasedonverificationofpastforecasts).ResultsareexpectedtobeimplementedintheIEADataWarehouseforpilotingin2023.Forthecriticalmineralsarea,anassessmentofdataavailabilityandtimelinessfordifferentcriticalmineralshasbeenstartedwithbroadgeographicalcoverage.Assessmentofdataqualityfromdifferentsources(tradecorrespondence,supply-demandcountrybalance)isongoing.Wearecurrentlyworkingoncreatingscrapersfromdifferentsourcesofinformationtosupportmarketandsecurityanalysisinthisarea.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE104IEA.CCBY4.0.ExperimentalworkonkeyindicatorsandtimelinessWesuccessfullydeliveredadatabaseonindicatorsrelatedtofactorsthathaveimportantimplicationsforcleanenergytransitions.Theindicatorswedevelopedincludemeasuresrelatedtotechnologicalinvention,early-stagefinancing,firmentryandexit,renewablesintegration,andmarketsearch.Theseindicatorsareofvaluenotonlyinrelationtoincreasingthequalityofdataoncleanenergytransitions,butalsomorebroadlyfortheassessmentoftheeffectofpolicysettingsonoutcomesinenergymarkets.Thedatabasehasbeendesignedtoallowforfuturedevelopmentswithrefinementstoexistingindicatorsandtheinclusionofnewindicatorsasdemandarises.Moreover,ithasbeendevelopedwithlow-costreplicabilityofindicatorsyearafteryearthroughtheuseofautomatedprocessesfordatageneration.Auser-friendlydataportalwascreated,withdatacuttingacrossthreedimensions(country,year,sector/technology).IEA.CCBY4.0.ExperimentalIndicatorsoftheCleanEnergyTransitioncontentSource:www.iea.org/reports/experimental-indicators-of-the-clean-energy-transitionThisworkhasinvolvedthederivationofindicatorsfromavarietyofmicro-datasources.Inmanycaseswehaveappliedsophisticatedanalyticaltechniques,involvingthematchingofmanyunderlyingdatasets.ThecaseofindicatorsrelatedtocorporateR&Disacaseinpoint,drawingupontwodistinctdatasetsandinvolvingthedevelopmentofinnovativemethodstoallocateR&Dacrossverygranulartechnologyfields.Togiveanideaoftherichnessofthedata,thefigurebelowpresentsdataon“high-value”cleanenergypatentsbytechnologyfield.Thisdataisavailableforallcountry–yearcombinations,includingallCETPfocuscountriesandregions.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE105IEA.CCBY4.0.IEA.CCBY4.0.Cleanenergypatentsbytechnology,world,2000-2021IEA,basedonextractionsfromtheEPOPATSTAT(2022)database.Inaddition,recentmarketturmoilhasunderlinedthevalueof“timely”energy-relateddataforpolicymakersandotherstakeholders.Simultaneously,theIEAismakingeffortstoreducethelagbetweenthecompilinganddisseminationofdatacollectedusingtraditionalmethods(e.g.basedondatapublishedbynationalstatisticsoffices)whileexploringothermeansofdatacollectionandtreatmentmethodstogeneraterobustdatathatisas“closetorealtime”asfeasible.Itmustbeemphasisedthatthetwoactivitiesarecomplementary.Threedistinctinitiativeshavebeenimplemented:•Thegenerationof“real-time”energydatathrough“webscraping”.•Thegenerationof“nowcasted”observationsfordataseriesforwhichitispossibletoestimaterecentdatabasedontimeseries.•Thegenerationof“leadingindicators”ofenergymarketdevelopmentsthroughthetrackingofearlyproxymeasuresidentifiedbyinternetsearches.Asanexample,inthefigurebelowtheareainlightbluerepresentstheobservednumberofenergystart-upsbyyearinthedatabaseatthepointintimethatthedatawereextracted(early2022).However,thetruefigurewillbemuchhigher,giventhelaginincorporatingexistingstart-upsintothedatabase.Itispossibletoestimatewhatthis“true”valueislikelytobebasedonthenumberandcharacteristicsofthestart-upsthatareactuallyobserved.Ascanbeseen,CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE106IEA.CCBY4.0.start-upsthatwerefoundedaslongas10yearspriorwilleventuallybeincludedinthedatabase.Havingthismoreaccuratepictureoftheunknown“true”observationismuchmorevaluablethandatathatonlycoverthelightbluearea.IEA.CCBY4.0.Nowcastingenergystart-ups.IEAanalysisbasedonCrunchbase,2022.TheseeffortsaresummarisedinthereportGeneratingTimelyEnergyMarketandBehaviouralDatawithInnovativeMethods,availableatExperimentalIndicatorsoftheCleanEnergyTransition–Analysis–IEA.StatisticstrainingTheIEAEnergyDataCentrehasdesignedaseriesofonlinetrainingvideosandbiannualonlinetrainingcoursestoteachtheessentialdefinitions,methodsandtoolsfordevelopingandreportingnationalenergybalances.Thestatisticaltrainingbringsgreatvaluetothecountriesthatattend,buildsskillsthatsupportbetterqualityofdataandhelpsthemmeetinternationalstandardsrequiredforenergyreporting,andultimatelybenefitsIEAthroughexpansionofthenetworkofdataproviders.Italsocontributestothecareerdevelopmentofstatisticians,sodemandfortrainingisregularlyveryhigh.Forthefirsttimein2022theIEAdecidedtoreducethenumberofparticipantsto75foreachtrainingcourse,toensuremeaningfulinteractionwiththevirtualparticipants.Atotalnumberof152statisticiansfrom16countriestookpartintwotrainingsessions.Inadditiontothetrainingsessions,theonlinevideosofthetrainingmaterialattractedmorethan4000viewersthroughout2022.Thequalityandusefulnessofthetrainingreceivedpraisefromtheparticipants.Inthesatisfactionsurveysafterthetraining,almost80%oftheparticipantsconsideredthecontentveryrelevanttotheirdailywork.Over70%oftheCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE107IEA.CCBY4.0.participantsfoundthetrainingusefulforgainingfamiliaritywithenergystatisticsandmethodologiesandimprovingfuturecollaborationbetweentheparticipant’scountryandtheIEA.Inadditiontothebiannualonlineenergystatisticstraining,inNovemberwecollaboratedwiththeAsiaPacificEnergyResearchCentre(APERC)onajointtrainingworkshoponenergyefficiency.BothIEAandAPERCcollectenergyend-usedataanddevelopindicatorsonenergyefficiencyandcarbonintensityacrossallfinalconsumptionsectors–residential,services,transportandindustry–asshownintheIEAEnergyEfficiencyIndicatorsdatabase.IEA.Allrightreserved.JointAPEC-IEATrainingWorkshoponEnd-useEnergyConsumptionDataandEnergyEfficiencyIndicators,screenshotfromasessionon28June2022Theworkshopwasdesignedtoassist13economiesintheAsiaPacificregiontobettertrackprogressonenergyefficiency.Theparticipantswereabletolearnhowtoestimatedisaggregatedenergyconsumptionbyenduses,whichmethodologiestouseandwhatarethepossibledatasourcesthatcanhelpwiththemodellingofthefinal-enduses.Wereceivedverypositivefeedbackontheusefulnessofthecourseandrequeststocontinuethetrainingincomingyears.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE108IEA.CCBY4.0.CriticalmineralsBuildingontheinauguralreportTheRoleofCriticalMineralsinCleanEnergyTransitionsandtheministerialmandateinMarch,theIEAhasbeenexpandingitsworkoncriticalmineralsinnumerouswayswithsupportfromtheCETP.Basedonthesixpolicyrecommendationsforanew,comprehensiveapproachtomineralsecuritypresentedinthespecialreport,aconcreteworkprogrammehasbeenadoptedintheareasofmodellingimprovement,marketmonitoring,policytrackingandESGstandards.Modellingimprovementandin-depthanalysisofcriticalmineralsupplychainsTheIEAhasfurtherimprovedthecriticalmineralsmodeltoprojectfuturemineralrequirementsunderdifferentscenariosandvaryingtechnologyevolutiontrends,basedonthelatestpolicyandtechnologytrends.Themodelhasbeenexpandedtotrackproductionandinvestmenttrendsandbetterassessthepotentialimpactsofrecyclingonprimarysupplyrequirements.Workisunderwaytostrengthenmodellingcapacityforsupplyprojections.ThemodelhasbeenfullyintegratedintotheIEA’slong-termenergymodellingtoolssothattheresultscanbeupdatedregularlyinlinewiththeIEA’slatestenergyprojections.IEAprojectionsforcriticalmineralswereoneofthemostcitedresultsinvariouspolicynotes,researchandmedia.Theyalsoallowedpolicymakerstobetterunderstandpotentialbottlenecksinadvancingcleanenergytransitionsandmakeinformeddecisionstoensuresecurityofmineralsupplies.Basedontheimprovedmodellingframework,CETPsupportalsoallowedustoproducevariousanalysesoftheopportunitiesandchallengesrelatedtocriticalminerals.ThisfedintoanalyticaloutputssuchasGlobalEVOutlook2022(May),WorldEnergyInvestment2022(June)andWorldEnergyOutlook2022(October).Inparticular,forthefirsttimeWorldEnergyInvestment2022hadadedicatedchapteroncriticalminerals,whichincludedadetailedreviewofmarketandinvestmenttrendsforcriticalminerals.InWorldEnergyOutlook2022,theanalysisofcriticalmineralsconstitutedamajorpillaroftheIEA’stenguidelinesforenergysecurityduringcleanenergytransitions.InMay,withRussia’sinvasionofUkraineandsurgingmaterialprices,weproducedfurtheranalysistoprovidetimelyassessmentsontheimpactsofthewarandtheimplicationsofsurgingmaterialpricesoncleanenergytechnologycosts.Theanalysisrevealedthatraisedpricesforcriticalmineralsledtoareversalofadecades-longtrendofcostdeclinesforcleanenergytechnologies,suchassolarpanels,windturbinesandbatteries.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE109IEA.CCBY4.0.Theteamalsoproducedregion-specificanalysesthroughdedicatedsectionsoncriticalmineralsintheSoutheastAsiaEnergyOutlook2022(May),AfricaEnergyOutlook2022(June)andAnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia(September).IEA.CCBY4.0.ExtractfromWordEnergyInvestment2022CriticalMineralsPolicyTrackerInordertotrackprogressontheimplementationofpoliciesrelatedtocriticalmineralsandencouragethesharingofbestpractices,wehavedevelopedanewpolicytrackingtool,theCriticalMineralsPolicyTracker.LaunchedinNovember,itisintendedasatooltohelpgovernmentsexplorenewcriticalmineralpoliciesinthethreekeypolicyareasof:•Ensuringsupplyreliabilityandresiliency.•Promotingexploration,productionandinnovation.•Encouragingsustainableandresponsiblepractices.Currently,thetrackerincludesnearly200policiesandregulationsfrom25countriesandregionsworldwide,includingkeyemergingeconomieslikeArgentina,Brazil,Chile,China,Colombia,India,IndonesiaandSouthAfrica.Thesepoliciesaddressmanydifferentgoals,includingensuringsupplyreliabilityandresilience,promotingexploration,productionandinnovationandencouragingsustainableandresponsiblepractices.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE110IEA.CCBY4.0.IEA.CCBY4.0.SnapshotofpoliciesrelatedtocriticalmineralsinChina,CriticalMineralsPolicyTracker,IEA,2022.Thelaunchofthetrackerwasaccompaniedbyashortreportpresentingkeyfindingsfromthedataonthethreekeypolicyareaslistedabove.ESGconsiderationsforcriticalmineralsThereisgrowingrecognitionamongcountriesthatcriticalmineralsmustbeproducedsustainablyandresponsibly.HighESGstandardsareincreasinglyneededtoattractinvestmentandtoobtain–andmaintain–asociallicencetooperate.ThiscanalsosupportsupplychainsecurityandresiliencybecauseESG-relatedfailurescanleadtoshort-termsupplydisruptions.InordertosupportpolicymakersinreinforcingtheESGaspectsofthecriticalmineralsupplychains,lastyearweproducedanalysisoftheimpactofextractiveindustriesongroundwaterresources(March)andtheimportanceofESGfactorstocriticalmineralsupplies,withwaystoaddressESG-relatedfailingsthatcanimpactcleanenergytransitions(September).Inaddition,wearetrackinganumberofESG-relatedpoliciesaspartoftheCriticalMineralsPolicyTrackerreferencedabove,includingenvironmentalstandards,transparencynorms,duediligenceobligations,andinclusivityandgenderpolicies.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE111IEA.CCBY4.0.IEA.CCBY4.0.WhyisESGsoimportanttocriticalmineralsupplies,andwhatcanwedoaboutit?,IEA,2022FutureworkunderthecriticalmineralworkstreamwillfurtherfocusonESGperformancetrackingandraisingawarenesswithpolicymakersofthenexusbetweenESGandsecurityofsupply.Thisistohelpensurethatpoliciesoncriticalmineralsandcleanenergytransitionsdonotgenerateunintendedconsequencesthatmayharmaffectedpopulationsandlimitthesupplyofcriticalmineralsandmetals.TheIEAwillcontinuetoworkcloselywithinternationalpartnersinthisarea,includingtheOECD,theExtractivesIndustriesTransparencyInitiative(EITI),andtheIntergovernmentalForumonMining,Minerals,MetalsandSustainableDevelopment(IGF).DigitalisationInlightofpersistentchallengesandthesupportneededinEMDEstoadvancepowersystemmodernisation,decarbonisationanddigitalisation,theIEA,togetherwiththeItalianMinistryoftheEnvironmentandEnergySecurity,launchedtheIEADigitalDemand-DrivenElectricityNetworksInitiative(3DEN)undertheCETP.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE112IEA.CCBY4.0.3DENisdevelopingguidanceandanalysistohelpinformpolicymakinginEMDEs,notablyonopportunitiestoscaleupinvestmentinpowerinfrastructure,ensuringthebenefitsassociatedwithdigitalinvestmentarewidelyshared.Atthesametime,theIEAisconveningaseriesofhigh-levelandexperteventsandworkshops,andsupportingthecreationofacommunityofpracticearoundthesetopics.3DENisalsocontributingtoexpandingglobalanalysisofpowersystemdigitalisationacrossIEAworkstreams.3DENhasaglobalfocus,withinitialcountryprioritiesbeingBrazil,Colombia,Morocco,Tunisia,India,Indonesia,SouthAfricaandtheregionsofLatinAmerica,AfricaandSoutheastAsia.Buildingonasuccessful2021,where3DENanditsanalysisonhowtoempowercitiesforanetzerofuturewererecognisedintheG20Energy-ClimateJointMinisterialCommuniqué,in2022wefocusedonresearch,engagementanddraftingtocreateimpactful3DENintermediateandfinaloutputs,publishedthroughout2022.Inparticular,wecompletedworkonbestpracticesindigitallyenableddatacollectionandanalysis,deploymentofconnecteddevices,globalandregionalsmartmeteringroll-outs,andtheadoptionofsmartgridsandgridedgetechnologiesforbetterintegrationandmanagementofdistributedsolarPV.Thesearefeedingbothinto3DENandbroaderIEApublications.Wepublishedtwomainoutputsin2022,namelyThePotentialofDigitalBusinessModelsintheNewEnergyEconomy–Speedingefficiencygainsandincreasingdemand-sideflexibilityandTowardsNet-Zero:Interoperabilityoftechnologiestotransformtheenergysystem.Anin-depthreportonsmartgridsforreliableandefficientpowersystemsinEMDEsisbeingfinalisedinQ22023,andacollectionofarticlesonsmartergridsfordecarbonisedpowersystemsisexpectedtobepublishedintheremainderof2023.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE113IEA.CCBY4.0.Thepotentialofdigitalbusinessmodelsinthenewenergyeconomy,IEA,2022WearefurtherstrengtheningIEAcoverageofthetopicofdigitalisationandtheimportanceofdigitaltechnologiesforenergydecarbonisation,cleanenergytransitionsandnetzeroacrossamultitudeofpublications,includingTrackingCleanEnergyProgressonDigitalisation,DemandResponseandSmartGrids,GlobalElectricVehicleOutlook2022,AfricaEnergyOutlook,TrackingSDG7:TheCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE114IEA.CCBY4.0.EnergyProgressReport,WorldEnergyInvestment2022,ElectricityMarketReport,TheFutureofHeatPumps,ClimateResilienceforEnergySecurityReport,EnergyEfficiency2022andtheGridIntegrationofElectricVehiclesManual.Inaddition,modellingandanalysisofelectricitynetworkswasenhancedintheWorldEnergyOutlook2022report,whichledtotheintroductionofakeythemeonnetworksintheElectricitySectorOutlookchapter,emphasisingplanning,investmentandmakingsuregridsaresmartertosupportenergytransitions.Thereportalsoprovidedahighlyvisibleplatformfordigitalisation-relatedanalysisforpolicymakers,industriesandthoughtleadersaroundtheworld.Wearealsoensuringthatthetopicofdigitalisationfordecarbonisationandresilienceisaprioritytopicathigh-levelinternationalandnationaldiscussions.AtCOP27,weorganisedwithItalyandUNEPthesideeventDigitalisation:Strengtheningcollaborationtowardssmartpowersystems.TheeventwasopenedbytheItalianMinisterfortheEnvironmentandEnergySecurityandbytheIEA’sChiefEconomist,andsawtheparticipationofhigh-levelexpertsfromTheEnergyandResourcesInstituteIndia,Morocco’sEauxMinéralesd’Oulmès,EnelGroup,UNEP,InternationalSmartGridActionNetwork(ISGAN)andGreenPoweredFutureMission.AttheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForum,theIEA,theItalianMinistryfortheEnvironmentandEnergySecurity,theInformationTechnologyandInnovationFoundation–CenterforCleanEnergyInnovation,MissionInnovationGreenPoweredFutureMission,ISGANandUNEPco-organisedthesideevent“Demo!Scalableandreplicabledemonstrationprojectstoacceleratedecarbonisationworldwide”.ExpertsfromtheUnitedStates,UNEPandIndiajoinedthepaneldiscussion.3DENalsosuccessfullycontinueditsparticipationinandcontributiontoMissionInnovationGreenPoweredFutureMission(GPFM)–apublic-privatepartnershipthatinvolvesgovernments,theprivatesectorandinternationalorganisations,includingfromBrazil,ChinaandIndia.3DENparticipatedinperiodicmeetingsandprovidedinputsintoongoingworkandintotheactionplanfor2022-2024.TheIEAalsoparticipatedinaseminarorganisedbyChinaandGPFMon5December2022.TheIEAandGPFMalsostrengthenedcollaborationbyjointlyorganisinganumberofeventsandbysupportingdisseminationofrelevanteventsandpublications,namelyat2022GlobalCleanEnergyActionForumandatCOP27.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE115IEA.CCBY4.0.IEA.Allrightreserved.H.E.GilbertoPichettoFratin,MinisteroftheEnvironmentandEnergySecurityofItalyandTimGould,ChiefEconomistoftheIEAattheCOP27sideevent“Digitalisation:Strengtheningcollaborationtowardssmartpowersystems”https://www.linkedin.com/company/green-powered-future-mission.DuringtheIEA’s7thGlobalConferenceonEnergyEfficiencyon8June,weco-ledadedicatedsessiononinnovationfornext-generationefficiencywithparticipationfrombothpublicandprivatesectorspeakers,includingfromBrazilandIndia.Wehaveestablishedpartnerships,collaborationsandexchangeswithleadingsmartgridanddemand-siderelatedinitiativesunder3DEN,includingISGAN,GPFM,User-CentredEnergySystemsTCP,EnergyEfficientEnd-UseEquipmentTCP,andEMDEstakeholderssuchastheIndiaSmartGridForumandtheAfricaRenewableEnergyInitiative.Thisisallowingustosupportco-ordinationeffortstoincreaseglobalimpact.Wecreatedaconsultativegroupunder3DENtoadviseontechnicalissues,provideinputsintokeydeliverablesandsupportdisseminationactivities.Itincludes37organisationsfrom14countries,includingfromBrazil,Chile,China,Colombia,IndiaandDRC,representinggovernments,theprivatesectorandresearchcommunity.Inparallel,wefacilitatedpeer-to-peerexchangeamongEMDEsandlearningondigitalisationchallengesandopportunities,andorganisedmorethan10CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE116IEA.CCBY4.0.workshopsandtechnicalexchanges,anexamplebeingthejointIEA-ISGANexpertworkshoponflexibilityforresilienceinintegratedsystems,whichbroughttogetherinpersoninParismorethan30participantsfromover20countries,includingfromBrazil,Chile,Ghana,India,Indonesia,MoroccoandTunisia.Thisopportunityallowedustoidentifycommonchallengesamongcountriesandtocreatestrongerlinksamonginternationalexpertsonthetopic.In2022,fourpilotprojectsfromBrazil,Colombia,IndiaandMoroccowereawarded,asaresultofaninternationalcallforproposalslaunchedduringthePre-COP26inMilanandmanagedbyUNEPwithsupportfromtheItalianMinistryoftheEnvironmentandEnergySecurity.Theobjectiveofthesepilotsistotestinnovativeapproachestosupporttheuptakeofsmarterdigitalpowerinfrastructureinemergingeconomies.LessonslearntandfindingsgatheredonthegroundwillbeincludedinfurtherCETP-fundedIEAanalysisproducedunderthe3DENproject.IEA.Allrightreserved.ParticipantsattheIEA-ISGANworkshop:FlexibilityforresilienceinintegratedsystemsCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE117IEA.CCBY4.0.EnergyemploymentandskillsTheIEA’sfirstWorldEnergyEmploymentreportprovidedafirst-of-its-kindestimateofhowmanyworkersareemployedintheglobalenergysector.Thereportprovidedunprecedenteddetailbysector,regionandsupplychainsegmentoftheenergyworkforce,whilehighlightingkeychallengesfacingtheindustryregardingrecruitmentandlabourshortages,andtransitionopportunitiesforworkers.Thishistoricalbaselinewasaccompaniedbyprojectionsoffuturelabourdemandbysectorandregionunderdifferentscenarios,inordertosupportpolicymakers,industry,labourrepresentationandeducatorsbetterdevelopstrategiesandapproachestomanagethelargeshiftalreadyunderwayintheglobalenergyindustry.DetailedresultswereincludedinotherIEAreports,suchas:theWorldEnergyOutlook2022,AnEnergySectorRoadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsinIndonesia,CoalinNetZeroTransitions,AfricaEnergyOutlook2022,SkillsDevelopmentandInclusivityforCleanEnergyTransitions,andtheEnergyEfficiencyMarketReport2022.IEA.CCBY4.0.ExtractfromtheIEAWorldEnergyEmployment2022reportThereporthascontributedsubstantiallytoadvancingtheIEA'sobjectiveofplacinggreaterfocusondesigningenergytransitionpolicytobepeople-centred.Ensuringthatcleanenergytransitionsproducetangiblebenefitsforcitizensiscentraltotheworldmakingcontinuousprogressonachievingitsclimategoals,thekindthatcanendurepoliticalcycles.Thefindingssupportedanumberofimportantreal-worldoutcomes.Thefindingsontoday'semployment,andfuturejobcreationandlossfeaturedintheIEA'sregionalroadmaps(AfricaandIndonesia)andintheCoalNetZeroreport,whichwasprominentininternationalagreements(e.g.Indonesia’sCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE118IEA.CCBY4.0.JustEnergyTransitionPlan)andjointstatementsontheimportanceofmaximisingthecreationofgoodlocaljobs.ThereportprovidedkeyinputstotheInternationalLabourOrganization’stechnicalmeetingonthefutureofworkintheoilandgasindustry,whichreachedatripartiteagreementbetweengovernments,labourandemployersonjusttransitionprinciplesfortheindustry.TheIEAreportandanalyticalteamhelpedanumberofnationaladministrationswiththeirownsecondarylaboursurveystoinventorythenumberofworkerscurrentlyinenergysupplychainsintheirregions.Thereporthasalsobeenreferencedinanumberofotherpublicationsfromprominentinternationalandnationalauthorities,providingabaselineforanalysissurroundingjustenergytransitions,addressinglabourshortagesandsupplyinggrowingcleanenergysupplychainswithskilledlabour.People-centredcleanenergytransitionsAsmorecountriessetambitiousgoalstoacceleratetheshifttocleanenergy,thesuccessofcleanenergytransitionswilldependoneffortstoenablecitizenstobenefitfromthemandtonavigateanydisruption.Withthisinmind,theIEAhasincreaseditsactivitiesontheissuesattheheartofpeople-centredcleanenergytransitions,includingstrongerpolicyrecommendationsanddataanalysis.WehavebuiltontheworkoftheGlobalCommissiononPeople-CentredCleanEnergyTransitions,anindependentpanelconvenedbytheIEA’sExecutiveDirector,bringingtogether30memberswhoworkedtogethertoproduceaseriesofactionablerecommendationsinadvanceofCOP26in2021.Atthe2022IEAMinisterialweorganisedaministerialroundtableon“Ensuringapeople-centredandjustcleanenergytransition”,ledbyDanishMinisterforClimate,EnergyandUtilities,DanJørgensen,toshowcaseinspiringbest-practicecasestudiesledbygovernmentsandcivilsocietygroupsfromaroundtheworldthathaveensuredpeople-centredcleanenergytransitionpathways.InMarchtheIEAExecutiveDirectorconvenedanewIEACleanEnergyLabourCouncil,bringingtogetherrepresentativesofnationaltradeunionstofosterdialoguebetweentheIEA,itsstakeholdersandthelaboursector.Thefirstmeetingwasco-chairedbySharanBurrow,formerGeneralSecretaryoftheInternationalTradeUnionConfederation(ITUC)andBhekiNtshalintshali,formerGeneralSecretaryoftheCongressofSouthAfricanTradeUnions(COSATU).AsecondmeetingisplannedforFebruary2023.InAprilwecollaboratedwiththeIndonesianMinistryofEnergyandMineralResources(MEMR)aspartofIndonesia’sG20presidencytoorganiseahigh-levelCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE119IEA.CCBY4.0.workshopon“Ensuringpeople-centredtransitionsforall”.Drawingonsuccessfulexamplesfromaroundtheworld,thisworkshopfocusedonemploymentandgovernmentsupportforcommunitiesandworkersinthecoalsupplychain,includingjobcreationprogrammes,andmechanismsforreskilling,upskillingandredeployment.TheIEAwascommissionedbytheUSDepartmentofEnergy,NaturalResourcesCanadaandtheEuropeanCommission(DGEmployment,SocialAffairsandInclusion)aspartoftheCEM’sEmpoweringPeopleInitiativetodevelopanalysisandguidanceonthekeytopicof“Skillsdevelopmentforthecleanenergytransition”.Thiswastobetterunderstandthelabourmarketneedsassociatedwithcleanenergytransitions;andtoexploretherelatedtrainingandeducationneedsformaximisingthejobcreationpotentialofcleanenergypolicies.Aspartofthiscollaboration,welaunchedanewreportonSkillsDevelopmentandInclusivityfortheCleanEnergyTransitionatasideeventorganisedattheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForumon22September,whichbroughttogetherkeystakeholdersontheissuefromtheUnitedStates,CanadaandtheEuropeanCommission,includingtheDeputyMinisterofNaturalResourcesCanada.AttheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForum,incollaborationwiththeUSCenterforStrategicandInternationalStudies,weorganisedahigh-levelroundtableon“Repurposingcoalinfrastructureanddiversifyinglocaleconomiestoenableajusttransitionincoalregions”.Theeventexploredpracticallessonslearnedfromregionalgovernmentsandcoalcompaniesonajusttransitionawayfromcoal,andbroughttogetherseniorofficialsandrepresentativesfromEurope,IndiaandtheUnitedStates,includingKateGordon,SpecialAdvisortotheUSSecretaryofEnergy,andVinayRanjan,DirectorIRandHR,CoalIndiaLtd.InNovemberweorganiseda“Globaldialogueonthelabourimplicationsofapeople-centredcleanenergytransition”atCOP27,which,drawingonsuccessfulexamplesfromdiversecountries,particularlySouthAfrica,IndiaandIndonesia,exploredsomeofthekeylabourimplicationsattheheartofapeople-centredcleanenergytransition.AdditionalworkundertheCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeconsistedofsupportforgovernments’effortstoenhancegenderequalityanddiversityintheenergysector.ThisworkincludedfacilitatingcountriesandstakeholdersparticipationintheCleanEnergyMinisterialEqualityinEnergyTransitionsInitiative(includingwithIndianSmartGridForum)aswellascontributingtoaside-eventduringUnitedNationsHigh-LevelPoliticalForumonSustainableDevelopmentinJune2022.IEA’sparticipationledtoacloserdialoguewithUNagenciesandotherrelevantorganisationsonthestrengthenedcollaborationondisaggregatedgenderdatafortheenergysectorbylinkinguprelevantworkstreamstoeachother.TheGenderandEnergyDataExplorerwasanCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE120IEA.CCBY4.0.importantinputoftheIEAtothisworkandcouldhopefullybeexpandedoverthenextyearsthroughthiscollaboration.ExtractfromtheGenderandEnergyDataExplorer,IEA,2022EnergyefficiencytrainingInNovembertheIEAandAfDBdeliveredthefirstonlineenergyefficiencytrainingforsub-SaharanAfrica,whichgatherednearly300regionalpolicymakersandenergyprofessionals.Itpresentedadetailedintroductiontoenergyefficiencypolicypackages,followedbysector-basedsessionsfocusedonappliances,buildings,industryandtransport.InlinewithSDG7,thetrainingaimedtosupportthedevelopmentandimplementationofpoliciesthatcanlowerenergycostsandcarbonemissionswhilesupportingeconomicgrowth.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE121IEA.CCBY4.0.IEA.Allrightreserved.IEAandAfricanBankDeliverFirstOnlineEnergyEfficiencyTrainingforSub-saharanAfrica,November2022ThesectiononenergyefficiencypolicywasbasedontheIEA’spolicypackageapproachandhighlightedbestpracticesbothfromaroundtheworldandwithinthesub-SaharanAfricaregion,buildingonthesuccessfullaunchoftheIEAAfricaEnergyOutlook2022andtheIEAinitiativetopromotecleanenergytransitionsinAfricathroughenhancedregionalcollaboration.Throughoutthefive-daycourse,expertspeakerssharedinternationalandregionalexperiences,withinsightsfromSouthAfrica,Kenya,Ghana,Nigeria,India,Australia,Mauritius,theEconomicCommunityofWestAfricaStates(ECOWAS),theEuropeanUnion,UNIDO,UNEP,AfDBandtheIEA.Onlinepollswereusedthroughouttheweektoengagewithparticipants.EnergytechnologyandinnovationInnovationpoliciesOninnovationtheIEAcontinuedtoengagewithstakeholdersinprioritycountriesatahighlevel,anddisseminatenewanalyticalmaterialtogovernmentsaroundtheworld,fillingimportantknowledgegapsoninnovationpolicies.Workfocusedonthreeareasinthefinalprojectperiod:•Casestudyanalysisofhowgovernmentssupportcleanenergystart-ups.•Worktoconnectprioritycountriesandotheremergingmarketenergyinnovationpolicyexpertstoshareexperiences.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE122IEA.CCBY4.0.•ContinuedengagementwithBrazilonregulatorydevelopmentsrelatedtoinnovationfunding.Morespecifically,activitiesincludedthelaunchofthepublicationHowGovernmentsSupportCleanEnergyStart-ups:Insightsfromselectedapproachesaroundtheworld,comprisingtwoparts:•Asummaryofcountries’approaches,structuredaroundtheprimarytypesofpolicyintervention.•Asetof14detailedpolicycasestudiesfromaroundtheworld.ThereporthasbeentranslatedintoSpanishandPortuguese,andtheseversionsmadeavailableonthereportwebsite.Wealsopresentedthepublicationinfiveinternationalforums,includingtoaPeruvianaudienceandgovernmentsontheCERTcommittee(includingIndiangovernmentrepresentatives),whereitreceivedverypositivefeedback.Weheldthreefollow-upcallswithIndia’sCleanEnergyInternationalIncubationCentre(CEIIC)inFebruaryandMaytodiscussthefindingsofthereportongovernmentsupportforstart-upsandhowitcaninformCEIICstrategy.Thesewerefollowedbythreefurthercalls,attheinitiativeoftheIEA,todiscussthefindingsandimplicationsofthereportforgovernmentsupporttostart-upsandhowitcaninformfuturecollaboration.Thecallswereheldwithrepresentativesofexistinggovernmentandgovernment-fundedinitiativesintheareaofinternationalco-operationoncleanenergytechnologyincubation,fromCEIIC(India),theCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE123IEA.CCBY4.0.NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory(UnitedStates),EnergySystemsCatapult(UnitedKingdom)andMissionInnovation.InFebruary,MarchandMayweheldasetofvirtualgroupknowledge-sharingeventswithinnovationpolicyexpertsfromEMDEs,followedbyafinalmeetingon7July.Governmentrepresentativesandexpertsfromthefollowingcountriesparticipatedinthegroupknowledge-sharingevents:Argentina,Brazil,China,Colombia,Ethiopia,India,Kazakhstan,Kenya,Mexico,Morocco,NigeriaandSouthAfrica.Governmentofficialswerethekeycontactsintwoofthesecountries,withacademicsandinnovationinstitutesplayingtheleadroleintheothers.Therewere22preparatorymeetingsinsupportoftheseeventswiththeorganisingpartner,IITDelhiSchoolofPublicPolicy.Aspartofthesegroupknowledge-sharingevents,wedevelopedacasestudytemplateandrefinedittohelpparticipantstakeaconsistentapproachtothinkingaboutthepolicyproblemandtoensureabroadconceptionofinnovationpolicyandthepotentialforcross-countrycomparison.Weheld15preparatoryandinformationalbilateralmeetingswithnationalcountryteams(Argentina,Brazil,Colombia,Kazakhstan,Kenya,Mexico,MoroccoandSouthAfrica).Toshowcasethechallengesandlearningsfromtheseevents,afinaloutput–apublicsideeventattheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForumhostedbytheUSDepartmentofEnergyinPittsburgh–tookplaceon23September.TheobjectivewastostimulatediscussionbetweenMissionInnovationgovernmentsaboutappropriateformatsforpossiblefutureinnovationco-operationthatcanenhanceinnovationcapacityinallcountries.TheCETPsupportedpresentationsfromBrazil,India,MoroccoandNigeria.MeasuringandtrackingenergytechnologyinnovationTheIEAcontinuedtoproduceauniquesetofmetricsoninnovationthatincludeskeyEMDEs,thankstoCETPsupport.Inaddition,wefocusedoureffortondocumentingeffectivepracticesininnovationdatacollectioninordertoprovideglobalstakeholderswiththeinspirationandmaterialsneededtodeveloptheirownprocesses.Highlightsincluded:•EnhancementofIEAtrackingofspendingoncleanenergyinnovation,includinganalysingthelatesttrendsinprioritycountriesandgloballyforthemostrecentyear(2021).•SupporttoBrazil’sINOVA-eplatformformeasuringandmappingenergytechnologyinnovationinsupportofpolicyplanning.•Athoroughreviewofoptionsfortrackingbusiness-sectorinnovationactivities,acriticallyimportantpartoftheinnovationlandscapewithoutanyguidesorconsensusonhowtomeasureit(instigatedbyBrazil).CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE124IEA.CCBY4.0.•ContinueddisseminationoftheworkonmappingChina’senergyinnovationsystem.Morespecificactivitiesincluded:•Researching,drafting,peerreviewingandlaunchingthepublicationTrackingCleanEnergyInnovationintheBusinessSector:AnOverview,includingapre-releasepresentationtoBrazil’sEnergyResearchOffice(EPE).•Publicationofdata,trendsandanalysisintheinnovationchapteroftheIEAflagshippublicationWorldEnergyInvestmentinJune.Inparticular,thisworkbuiltonmethodologicalimprovementstotheestimationofcorporateR&Dspendingandmoregranulartechnologytrackingofventurecapitaldeals.•IncreaseduserdataaccessibilityandenhancedvisualisationfortheexpandedglobalpublicRD&Dspendingdataset.Thisincludeddesigninganewdataexplorationtool.•AworkshopwithBrazilandChileonEnhancingPublicRD&DDataCollection:TheExperienceofLatinAmericanCountries.ThisBrazil-ledinitiativeillustratestheregionalrelevanceofthemesdevelopedundertheCETP.•ParticipationinapublicsideeventattheGlobalCleanEnergyActionForumorganisedbytheUSDepartmentofEnergyinPittsburghtodiscussnextstepsforglobalinnovationdata.•PublicationofthereportTrackingCleanEnergyInnovation:FocusonChinainMarch,followinginputsfromtheChineseMinistryofScienceandTechnologyandsharingdraftswiththeministryforreview.ThereporthasbeentranslatedintoChinese.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE125IEA.CCBY4.0.•AlauncheventforthepublicationTrackingCleanEnergyInnovation:FocusonChina,co-organisedwiththeEuropeanUnion-ChinaEnergyCooperationPlatform(ECECP).ThiswasaccompaniedbyanarticlepublishedbytheECECPandanIEAworkshopsummary.•CompletionofmappingtheinternationalcleanenergyinnovationcollaborationsandpartnershipsinwhichChinaisinvolved,withtheobjectiveofinformingIEAanalysisandinternationalunderstandingofChina’sactivities.•PublicationofTrackingPublicInvestmentinEnergyTechnologyResearch:ARoadmapinthefinalweeksoftheproject.ThereportdescribesthevarietyofapproachescountriesusetotracktheirentirenationalpublicenergyRD&Dactivity.ItisintendednotonlyasaguideforcountriesnearthebeginningoftheirjourneytowardsthecollectionofenergyRD&D,butalsoforcountrieswithmoreadvancedsystemslookingtostrengthenspecificareas.Theroadmapistheproductofinterviewsheldwithrepresentativesof20governmentsbetweenNovember2021andMarch2022.Theobjectiveofthepublicationistoserveasareferenceandinspirationforexpertsinthisimportantareaoftrackingcleanenergytransitionsandtoallowexperiencestobeaddedinthefuture.•ContinuedcollaborationwiththeMIsecretariattoaligndatacollectionprocessesfornon-IEAmembercountriesandIEAmembercountries,andsupportMImemberstogatherandsharedata.•ContinueddialoguewiththeBraziliangovernmentontheINOVA-eplatformdevelopment,includingtwocallswithofficialsonpatentanalysis.EnhancingmultilateralinnovationpartnershipsFundingsupportfromtheCETPhasallowedtheIEAtoenhancethedevelopmentoftheIEATechnologyCollaborationProgramme(TCP)in2022,withafocusonenablinggreaterparticipationfromemergingcountries.BilateraldialoguehasbeenestablishedwithcertaincountriestopresenttheworkofthevariousTCPs,suchaswiththeChileanMinistryofEnergy,toexplorehowtheTCPscansupportgovernments’policyambitionsandpriorities.TheIEAhasalsogivenitssupporttoindividualTCPsandtheirengagementwithnewmembersandsponsors.OneexampleisthesupportfortheEqualityinEnergyTransitionsInitiative’sprocesstoinvitetheIndianSmartGridForumtobecomea“Sponsor”oftheinitiative.TheCETPhasalsoonseveraloccasionssupportedIEAdeskofficerswithmaterialtosharewithcontactsinIEApartnercountrieswiththeaimofincreasingknowledgeoftheTCPnetwork.ThefundingsupportfromCETPwasinstrumentalinsustaininganddevelopingtheTCPnetwork.PhasingoutcoalemissionsCoalisbysomemarginthelargestsourceofenergy-relatedCO2emissionsand,farfromdeclining,globalcoaldemandhasbeenstaticforadecade.Onthebackoftheglobalenergycrisisin2022,globalcoaldemandlookstohavereachedarecordlevel.Atthesametime,thecoalsectorisdeeplyembeddedinanumberofCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE126IEA.CCBY4.0.countries’economies,labourmarketsandregionalpatternsofspecialisation.Thismakesreducingemissionsfromcoaluseparticularlychallenging.Inthelightofthis,theIEApublishedafirst-of-its-kindspecialreportfocusingexclusivelyontheroleofreducingcoalemissionsinthecontextofnetzeroenergytransition.CoalinNetZeroTransitions:StrategiesforRapid,SecureandPeople-CentredChangeprovidespolicymakerswithanintegratedtoolkittoacceleratetransitionsawayfromcoal,withanalysisofthevariouscomponentsofcoaltransitionsincludingenergysecurity,affordability,investmentandregionaleconomicdiversification.InthiswaytheIEAreporthasenhancedtheavailabilityofevidenceforpolicymakingtosupportandacceleratecoaltransitionsinmajorcoal-usingemergingmarketeconomieshismapiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Emissionsfromexistingcoalpowerplants,cumulativeemissions,1990-2021;ExtractfromtheCoalinNetZeroTransitions:StrategiesforRapid,secureandPeople-CentredChangereporthismapiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Riskoflocked-inemissions,2022-2100.ExtractfromtheCoalinNetZeroTransitions:StrategiesforRapid,secureandPeople-CentredChangereportCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE127IEA.CCBY4.0.ImplementingpoliciesforcleanenergytransitionsRoadtransportinemergingeconomiesCETPsupporthelpedtheIEAtostartdevelopingafirst-of-its-kindreportthatfocusesonhowgovernmentsinmajoremergingeconomiescanachievetheIEA’sscenariosinroadtransport.ThereportImplementingCleanEnergyTransitions:FocusonRoadTransportinEmergingEconomiesaddressesBrazil,China,India,Indonesia,MexicoandSouthAfrica–withparticularattentionpaidtoIndiaandIndonesia.Againstabackdropofrapidlyincreasingdemandforthetransportofpeopleandgoods,theCO2emissionsfromroadtransportinthesemajoremergingeconomiesincreasedfrom14%ofglobalroadtransportCO2emissionsin2000toaround25%in2021–inabsolutetermstheyhavemorethandoubled.ThetransformationofthetransportsectorinlinewiththegoalsoftheParisAgreementwillthereforerequirearangeofambitiousandswiftgovernmentdecisionsoverthecomingdecades.Inresponse,thereportlaysoutindetailthechallengesandopportunitiesaheadinthecleanenergytransitionofroadtransportinthesemajoremergingeconomies.Itprovidesanoverviewofexistingandnewpolicyapproachestoimplementaroadtransporttransition,takesacloselookathowtofinancesuchatransitionandillustratessixkeyroadtransportpolicyinterventionstoacceleratedecarbonisationinthesector.Ouraimisforittobeago-toresourcefortransportpolicymakersinmajoremergingeconomiesandhelpthemacceleratetherateofambitiouspolicyimplementation.PublicationisscheduledforQ22023.PrivateandpublicsectorinvestmentFinancingcleanenergytransitionsBuildingacleanenergysystemiscrucialtomeetrisingdemandforenergyservicesinthedevelopingworldinasustainableway.Theeconomicsbehindtheseinvestmentshavebeenenhancedbytheenergycrisisandthehighandvolatilepricesseenforfossilfuels.Butthecrisishasalsocomplicatedtheinvestmentenvironment,withhigherindebtednessinmanyEMDEs,increasingenergypoverty,risinginflationdrivingupborrowingcostsandincreasingriskstothefinancialsustainabilityofutilitiesthattypicallyhaveacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofgridinfrastructureandasofftakers.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE128IEA.CCBY4.0.Againstthisbackground,theobjectiveoftheinvestmentworkstreamhasbeentoraiseawarenessoftheriskofshortfallsincleanenergyinvestmentinEMDEsandoffersolutionsthatunlockcapitalthroughenhancedmarketandregulatorydesign,fosteringelectricitysystemoptimisationfromaninstitutionalperspectiveandfacilitatingmoreattractiveinvestmentandfinancingconditionstoacceleratesustainableenergytransitionsinthepowersector.OuractivitieshavefocusedoncountriesinSoutheastAsiaandASEANandhaveincludedcasestudies,newdataonthecostofcapitalandanalysesofotherEMDEsaswellasglobalactivities.TheIEAhasproducedseveralreportsthatraisedawarenessandadvancedunderstandingandexpertiseonthesetopicsandlaunchedtheCostofCapitalObservatorytoincreasetransparencyintheenergysectorandinspireinvestorconfidence,especiallyinemerginganddevelopingcountrieswheredataonfinancingcostsisscarcer.TheIEAWorldEnergyInvestment2022report,publishedinJune,providesapictureofglobalenergyinvestmentin2021andfull-yearestimatesoftheoutlookfor2022.Thereportprovidesadetailedanalysisoftheamountofinvestmentneededincleanenergybysector,energysourceandprovider,estimatingthatinvestmentincleanenergyinEMDEsneedstoexpandmorethanseventimes,toaboveUSD1trillionannuallyby2030,toputtheworldontracktoreachnetzeroemissionsby2050.Thereporthasalsoincreasedunderstandingofimportantfeaturesofthenewinvestmentlandscapethatarealreadyvisible,includingtheenergysecuritylensthroughwhichmanyinvestmentsarenowviewed,widespreadcostpressures,andburgeoningexpectationsinmanycountriesthatinvestmentwillbealignedwithsolutionstotheclimatecrisis.TheIEAalsopublishedthereportClimateInfrastructureInvesting:RisksandOpportunitiesforUnlistedRenewablesinco-operationwithImperialCollegeBusinessSchoolinMarch.ThereportlooksatthefinancialperformanceofunlistedrenewablesassetsandthebroaderunlistedinfrastructureassetsgloballyandinEMDEs.Thisanalysisevaluatesrisk-adjustedreturnsoninvestinginunlistedrenewablesassetsatanindexlevel,aswellasthediversificationbenefitwhenaddedtoaninvestmentportfolioandthereturnbehavioursinthecontextofchangingcredit,macroandcommoditypriceconditions.TrackinggovernmentenergyspendingTheIEAGovernmentEnergySpendingTrackerwasupdatedtwicein2022,andcontinueditstrackingofthelatestapprovedpoliciesandtheirfiscalcontributionstoenergy,whichconsistentlymeasuredthesize,sectoralorientationandimpactsofnewlyannouncedgovernmentpoliciesincludingfinancialsupportforcleanenergy,fullfillingtherequestmadeinbytheG20RomeLeaders’Declaration,andtheJointG20Energy-ClimateMinisterialCommuniqué.In2022,theTrackerwexpandedtocovergovernmentfinancialsupporttoconsumersinresponsetotheglobalenergycrisis.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE129IEA.CCBY4.0.TheTrackerreliesonextensivepolicyanalysisconductedbytheIEA,andlooksinto1600energy-relatedgovernmentpoliciesandspendingprogrammesfrom67countries.SupportfromtheCETPwasinstrumentalinenablingthedevelopmentandupkeepoftheTracker.ThelatestdatashowsgovernmentshaveallocatedanunprecedentedUSD1215billiontocleanenergyinvestmentsupportsincethestartoftheCovid-19pandemic.Thisgovernmentspendingissettomobilisesubstantialflowsofprivateinvestment,whichbasedontoday’spolicieswouldraiseglobalcleanenergyinvestmenttooverUSD2trillionannuallyin2030.However,theTrackeralsohighlightsworryinggeographicalimbalances,withmanyemerginganddevelopingeconomiesatriskofbeingleftbehindduetoshrinkingfiscalleewayandrisingdebtlevels.Advancedeconomiesaccountfornearly95%ofthecleanenergyinvestmentsupporttracked.Emerginganddevelopingeconomieshavedirectedtheirmorelimitedresourcestoshort-termmeasurestokeeptransport,electricityandcookingfuelsaffordable.Inaddition,theTrackerunpacksaffordabilityspendingimplementedtoprotecthouseholdsandbusinessesfromrisingenergybillssinceautumn2021,whereonceagain,80%ofspendingtrackedisinadvancedeconomies.ExtractfromtheGovernmentEnergyTrackerCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE130IEA.CCBY4.0.ThefindingsfromtheTrackerareusedinanumberofotherIEApublications,includingtheWorldEnergyOutlook2022,whereitwasusedtocalibratethelatestStatedPoliciesScenario.GovernmentspendingtrackerwasalsofeaturedinWorldEnergyInvestment2022,EnergyEfficiency2022andRenewablesEnergyMarketUpdate–May2022.Thedatasethasalsobeenusedbyanumberoforgansiations,includinguniversities,privateenergycompanies,andinternationalorganisationssuchastheWorldBankandUNCTAD.ReducingmethaneemissionsMethaneisapotentGHGwithimportantimplicationsforclimatechange.MethanetendstoreceivelessattentionthanCO2,butreducingenergysectormethaneemissionsiscriticalforavoidingtheworsteffectsofclimatechange.Fossilfueloperationsgeneratedaroundone-thirdofallmethaneemissionsfromhumanactivityandactiononmethaneisthereforeoneofthemosteffectivestepstheenergysectorcantaketomitigateclimatechange.Policymakershaveattheirdisposalwell-establishedpolicytoolsthathavealreadybeendemonstratedinmultiplecontextstodrivetheseemissionsreductions.Toencouragetheadoptionofpolicysolutions,in2021theIEAreleasedDrivingDownMethaneLeaksfromtheOilandGasIndustry:ARegulatoryRoadmapandToolkit.In2022theCETPsupportedthedisseminationofthisRegulatoryRoadmapandToolkittoregulatorsaroundtheworld.Todate,theIEAhastranslatedandreleasedversionsinArabic,Chinese,French,Spanish,PortugueseandRussian.Topromotethesetranslations,theIEAhostedvirtualroundtableeventswithspecificregionalfocuses,includingChina,CentralAsia,andLatinAmerica.TheCETPalsosupportedthedesignofcapacity-buildingexercisesbasedontheroadmap,whichwereusedasthebasisforone-on-onecountryoutreachwithGhana,Kazakhstan,Mozambiqueandothers.Furtheroutreachactivitiesareanticipatedthroughout2023,includingaspecificfocusonArabic-,French-andPortuguese-speakingAfricancountries.SecurepowersystemstransformationSupportfromtheCETPallowedtheIEAtodevelopanalysisontheapplicationofadvancedmethodologiestopowersystemplanning,includingacasestudyforChina.Thecasestudyillustratestopolicymakersandregulatorstheimportanceofnewmethodologiestoensuresystemadequacyinpowersystemswithincreasingsharesofvariablerenewableenergy.CorporateprocurementofrenewableenergyWedevelopedmethodologiesforassessingthepowersystemimpactofrenewablesprocurementbycorporatepurchasersfollowingdifferenttypesofcleanelectricitygoal,applyingthemtotheIEA’sregionalIndiamodeltoinvestigateCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE131IEA.CCBY4.0.thepowersystemandcostimpactsofdifferentprocurementstrategies.WepresentedtheanalysisinanarticlepublishedinJuly,Methodologytoassessthesystemvalueofdifferentcorporateprocurementstrategiesindevelopingeconomies.Furthersupportallowedustodevelopadetailedreportcoveringoptionsforcorporateprocurement,regionalbarriersandexamplesforenablementindifferentcountries,andtheimpactsofdifferentcorporatecleanelectricitygoalsonprocuredtechnologiesandemissions.TheworkextendspreviousmodellingforIndiaandalsointroducesmodellingforIndonesia.Thereportpresentskeyrecommendationsforpolicymakers,systemoperators,regulatorsandcompaniesundertakingprocurementbasedonresearch,stakeholderinterviewsandthepowersystemmodelling.WepublishedthereportinNovember2022andpresenteditattwoeventsinCOP27,“24/7Carbon-FreeEnergyCompact–AcceleratingDecarbonisationoftheWorld'sElectricityGrids”(8November)andthe“LaunchoftheAsiaCleanEnergyCoalition:AcceleratingCorporateRenewableElectricityProcurementinAsia”(11November).Thereportwasalsoreportedonbymajorenergynews.Thisworkwillformthebasisofaseriesofworkshopsin2023.DecarbonisationofelectricitymarketsThankstoCETPsupport,theIEApublishedSteeringElectricityMarketstowardsaRapidDecarbonisationinJune.Thereportlookedindetailatkeyprinciplesforelectricitymarketdesign,focusingonclearpolicyandregulatoryimprovementstoensurebothcost-effectiveelectricitysupplyandthedecarbonisationofpowersystems.Thereportanalysedexperiencesfromcountrieswithvaryingdegreesofpowermarketliberalisation,lookingathowspecificimprovementsinplanning,marketCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammePillarIII–EnablingglobalenergydialogueAnnualReport2022PAGE132IEA.CCBY4.0.operation,distributedenergyresourcedeploymentandretailtariffdesigncanacceleratethedeploymentofcleanelectricitytechnologies.Thecasesinthisreportfocusonmeasuresthatneedtobeprioritisedinthenextfivetotenyearsaspartofthewidertransformationtonetzeroemissions.Moreover,theemphasisonappliedexperiencesfromacrosstheworldhasprovidedthebasisforconsolidatingkeymessagesandpolicyrecommendationstoacceleratelow-carbontransitionswhileensuringcompatibilitywithmarketstructuresandcurrentpolicyobjectives.ThefindingsofthisreporthavebeenusedfordisseminationactivitiesinBrazil,China,India,IndonesiaandThailand.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPcontributiontoIEAflagshipanalysisAnnualReport2022PAGE133IEA.CCBY4.0.CETPcontributiontoIEAflagshipanalysis•Inadditiontothenumerousreportsandarticlesmentionedinabove,manymajorIEApublicationshavebenefitedfromimproveddata,analysisandcollaborationwithprioritycountriesandotheremergingeconomies.TheCETPdirectlysupportedvariousIEAflagshipanalyticalproductsincludingtheWorldEnergyOutlook(WEO),releasedinOctober2022.The2022editionoftheIEAflagshipreportfocusedonthefirsttrulyglobalenergycrisis,andtheimplicationsofthisprofoundandongoingshocktoenergysystemsacrosstheglobe.CETPsupportallowedaradicaldeepeningoftheanalysisoftheseimplications.Thereportidentifiedashockingsetbackonenergyaccess-forthefirsttimeindecades,thenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstoelectricityissettoincreasein2022duetopriceandeconomicpressures.RigorousanalysisofsupplyanddemandtrendsalsoenabledtheAgencytoansweraquestionthatbecamecentralin2022-whetherthecrisiswouldderailcleanenergytransitiontrends-byidentifyingdemandpeakswouldmaterialiseinthecourseofthedecadeforallfossilfuels.•CETPsupportalsomadepossibletheupdateoftheIEAroadmaptoNetZeroEmissionsby2050,andcentralmodellingameliorations.From2022onwards,theWEOwillbesupportedbyanewintegratedmodellingframework,theIEA’sGlobalEnergyandClimate(GEC)Model,generatingdetailedsector-by-sectorandregion-by-regionlong-termscenariosacrossIEA'spublications.•WEO2022reachedanever-growingaudience:onlyonitslaunchday,thereportwasdownloadedmorethan14000times,mentionedbymediaoutletsover550timesanditslive-streamedpressconferenceattractedaround15000viewers.OthermajorreportsenhancedthankstoCETPsupportincluded:•NuclearPowerandSecureEnergyTransitions:FromToday’sChallengestoTomorrow’sCleanEnergySystems–aspecialreportreleasedinJune2022,whichstudiedtheroleofnuclearenergyintransitionsandlookedathownuclearenergy,forthosecountriesopentothetechnology,couldhelpaddresstwomajorcrises–energyandclimate–facingtheworldtoday.Thefindingsweredistributedthroughmediaoutletsaroundtheworld.Indoingso,thereporthashelpedtomaintaintheplaceofnuclearpowerintheglobalconversationonenergytransitions,supportingthebroadestsuiteoflow-emissionsenergytechnologiestoensurethemostsecureandaffordabletransitionspossible.•TheFutureofHeatPumpsreport,November2022•AspecialchapterontheASEANregionintheEnergyEfficiencyMarketReport2022CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCETPcontributiontoIEAflagshipanalysisAnnualReport2022PAGE134IEA.CCBY4.0.•SectionsofTrackingCleanEnergyProgressonDigitalisation,DemandResponseandSmartGrids•GlobalElectricVehicleOutlook2022•Electricitymarketreport•ClimateResilienceforEnergySecurityReport•GridIntegrationofElectricVehiclesManualCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeFundingAnnualReport2022PAGE135IEA.CCBY4.0.FundingTheCETPexpendituregrewbyasignificant23%in2022,from~EUR11.2millionin2021to~EUR13.8millionin2022,withasimultaneouslarge-scaleincreaseinimpact.For2022,followingthesignatureoftheJointCommitmentandthelaunchingoftheStrategicFrameworkasdetailedabove,theIEAhasmappedexpenditureagainstthenewstructure.InkeepingwithrequestsfromtheStrategicCo-ordinationGroup,PillarIhasthelargestbudgetallocationintheprogramme,with57%ofthetotaldirectedthere,followedbyPillarIIIwith30%andPillarIIwith7%.Supportiscurrentlyat6%,stayinglowerthanthelong-termaverageof7-12%.Note:Thesefiguresareprovidedforinformationpurposesonly.FormalfinancialreportswillcontinuetobeprovidedinestablishedandagreedformatstoMembercountriesviatheCommitteeonBudgetandExpenditureandtoindividualdonorsviafinancialreportsAllocationoftheCETPbudget,2022IEA.CCBY4.0.TakingacloserlookatPillarI,thelargestcountryprogrammewasIndonesia.GivenIndonesia’schairmanshipoftheG20,theIEAdeliveredanumberofkeyanalyticaloutputsandreportsthatbothadvancedIndonesia’senergytransitionandfedintotheoveralldiscourseattheG20level.ThemostnotablewasIndonesia’sNetZeroRoadmap,whichprovidedthecriticalinputintotheirJustCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeFundingAnnualReport2022PAGE136IEA.CCBY4.0.EnergyTrustPartnership(JETP)negotiationsandultimateapproval.AfterIndonesia,thesecondareaoflarge-scaleeffortwassub-SaharanAfrica,acriticalregionfortheenergytransition,includingthedeliveryofenergyaccesstospureconomicdevelopmentandpovertyalleviation.Attheotherendofthespectrum,2022sawalowerbudgetallocationtoLatinAmerica,includingBrazil.Theallocationforthisimportantregionhasbeenrectifiedin2023thankstoincreasedflexibilityinfunding,whichhascomeatacrucialtimeasBrazilwillhosttheG20in2024.Inaddition,thechangeofgovernmenthasalreadyresultedinastep-changeineffortstofightclimatechangeinBrazilandacrosstheregion.AllocationofthePillarIbudget,2022IEA.CCBY4.0.Note:MENA=MiddleEastandNorthAfrica.ForPillarII,thetwolargestworkstreamsweretheG20andtheIEA'sworkwithUNagencies,followedbyarelativelyevendistributionacrosstheremainingfourworkstreams.Thisisinlinewiththeprogramme’srecentemphasis,thelargevolumeofworkdeliveredwithIndonesiaunderitsG20presidency,andtheprogramme’sengagementwiththeUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),theUNFCCCConferenceoftheParties,andtheIEA'sworkonSustainableDevelopmentGoal7(SDG7).CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeFundingAnnualReport2022PAGE137IEA.CCBY4.0.AllocationofthePillarIIbudget,2022IEA.CCBY4.0.ThelargestworkstreamunderPillarIIIwasdigitalisation,fundedthroughanearmarkedvoluntarycontribution(VC)fromItaly.Othermajorworkstreams,whichhavealsobenefitedfromdedicatedearmarkedfundingplusflexiblefunding,includedataandstatistics,privateandpublicsectorinvestment,andcriticalminerals.Additionalworkstreamsalsoreceivedimportantsupportin2022,andtheCETPissettobuildontheseinitialinvestmentsin2023toscaleupactivityandfurtheracceleratecleanenergytransitions.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeFundingAnnualReport2022PAGE138IEA.CCBY4.0.AllocationofthePillarIIIbudget,2022IEA.CCBY4.0.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeDisseminationAnnualReport2022PAGE139IEA.CCBY4.0.DisseminationIn2022theCETPdirectlysupportedthepublicationof128reports,models,policybriefsanddataproducts.IthasalsoallowedtheIEAtoenhancenineflagshippublications.CETP-relatedcontentattractedover430000usersintotal,includingover250000newusers,receivingover700000pageviewsin2022.Theprogramme’scontentcontinuestogenerateengagement,especiallyforflagshipreportssuchasWorldEnergyOutlook2022,WorldEnergyInvestment2022,AfricaEnergyOutlook2022orCriticalMineralsPolicyTracker.CETPwebsitetrafficwasbolsteredbypromotionsontheIEA’ssocialmediachannels(Facebook,Twitter,LinkedIn,InstagramandYouTube)andnewsletters,includinglauncheventsandvideos.Intotal,socialmediapostsandnewslettersgeneratedabout12%ofthetraffictoCETPpagesandattractedover60000usersandover108000views.Likewise,anever-growingnumberofreferralsfromthird-partywebsites(includinglargeandsmallnewsorganisations,governmentandnon-governmentalsources,activistsandadvocacygroups)acrosstheInternetdroveevengreatertraffictoCETP’swork.Theuserscamefromalmostallcountriesacrosstheworld,withthehighestnumberoriginatingfromIEAmembercountries.Importantly,CETPprioritycountries–India,China,IndonesiaandBrazil–wererepresentedinthefirst20placesoftherankingandthegeographicalcoverageincludedallCETPfocusregions.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeDisseminationAnnualReport2022PAGE140IEA.CCBY4.0.Usersandpageviewsbycountry,IEA.orgwebsitestatisticsforCETPoutput,1January-31December2022IEA.CCBY4.0.Source:GoogleAnalytics.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeAcknowledgementsAnnualReport2022PAGE141IEA.CCBY4.0.Acknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsTheCETP’sachievementswouldnotbepossiblewithouttheleadershipandsupportofIEAmembergovernmentsandotherpartners,includingAustralia,Belgium,Canada,Denmark,France,Germany,Ireland,Italy,Japan,theNetherlands,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,theUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandtheEuropeanCommission,actingonbehalfoftheEuropeanUnion.WewanttorecogniseandthanktheofficialsofthesepartnersforplayinganinvaluableroleinprovidingstrategicguidanceandoversighttothisimportantIEAprogramme.ThefirstfiveyearsoftheCETPrepresentacollectiveachievementthatweallsharein.TheCETPCoreTeamwouldliketoextendtheirthankstoDrFatihBirol(IEAExecutiveDirector)forhisguidance,toMaryWarlick(DeputyExecutiveDirector)forherdirectoversightoftheprogrammelastyear,andtotheothermembersofIEAleadership:KeisukeSadamori(Director,EnergyMarketsandSecurity),ClaireBouteille(Director,OfficeofManagementandAdministration),PascalLaffont(ChiefLegalCounsel),TimGould(ChiefEconomist),LauraCozzi(ChiefModeller),aswellasRebeccaGaghen,MasatoshiSugiura,andToruKajiwara(OfficeofGlobalEnergyRelations)fortheircontinuoussupport.TheCETPAnnualReport2022waspreparedbytheprogramme’sCoreTeam(AdamWardandMagdalenaSanocka)andwasledbyDanDorner,headoftheStrategicInitiativesOffice.InputswereprovidedbycolleaguesthroughouttheIEA.Wewouldliketothankallworkstreamleadersandtheirrespectiveteamsfortheireffortsandfortheircontributiontothisreport:JoergHusarandAlejandraBernalGuzman(Brazil,LatinAmerica),RebeccaMcKimm(China),NicoleThomasandHanaChambers(India),KieranClarkeandRanyaOualid(Indonesia,SoutheastAsia),ArnaudRouget,SyrineElAbedandRitaMadeira(SouthAfrica,Sub-SaharanAfrica),AliAl-SaffarandNadimAbillama(MiddleEastandNorthAfrica),PaoloFranklandJeremyMoorhouse(BiofuturePlatform),SylviaBeyer(G20andG7),PabloHevíaKoch(Securepowersystemstransformation),EnriqueGutierrez(RegulatoryEnergyTransitionAccelerator),PerAndersWidell(TechnologyCollaborationProgramme),KieranMcNamaraandJinsunLim(UnitedNationsandrelevantagencies),Tae-YoonKim(CriticalMinerals),NickJohnstone,EricaRobin,RobertaQuadrelliandJulianPrime(DataandStatistics),VidaRoziteandEmiBertoli(Digitalisation),OliviaChenandDanielWetzel(EnergyEmploymentandSkills),BlandineBarreau(GovernmentEnergySpendingTracker),MelanieSlade(EnergyEfficiency),TimurGül,SimonBennettandJean-BaptisteLeMaroisCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeAcknowledgementsAnnualReport2022PAGE142IEA.CCBY4.0.(EnergyTechnologyandInnovation),ChristopheMcGladeandK.C.Michaels(ReducingMethaneEmissions),BrianMotherwayandMatthieuPrin(People-CentredCleanEnergyTransitions),aswellasJonathanCoppel(PrivateandPublicSectorInvestment).SpecialthankstoSimoneLandolina(SeniorVCStrategyCoordinator)andRasmusRinggaard(SeniorCETPAdvisor)fortheirguidanceandsupportinthedeliveryoftheprogramme.SpecialthanksareduetocolleaguesinIEACorporateServiceswhohaveprovidedinvaluablesupporttotheCETP,notably,RachaelBoydandEvanPelz(OfficeofLegalCounsel),DeborahBarry-RoeandRuthFishwick(FinancialAdministration),FleurGrimaud(HumanResources)aswellasJadMouawadandCurtisBrainard(CommunicationsandDigitalOffice).ThanksalsogotoAstridDumond,ThereseWalshandClaraValloisoftheIEACommunicationsandDigitalOfficefortheirhelpinproducingthisreport.ThereportwaseditedbyJustinFrench-Brooks.CleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeAbbreviationsAnnualReport2022PAGE143IEA.CCBY4.0.AbbreviationsACEASEANCentreforEnergyAERNASEANEnergyRegulatoryNetworkAfDBAfricanDevelopmentBankAFDAgenceFrançaisedeDéveloppementANEELBrazilianElectricityRegulatorAPECAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationBEEBureauofEnergyEfficiencyCCUScarboncapture,utilisationandstorageCEEWCouncilonEnergy,EnvironmentandWaterCEIICCleanEnergyInternationalIncubationCentreCEMCleanEnergyMinisterialCERTCommitteeonEnergyResearchandTechnologyCETPCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeCOPConferenceofthePartiesCONUEENationalCommissionfortheEfficientUseofEnergyCORFOChileanEconomicDevelopmentAgencyDRCDemocraticRepublicoftheCongoECECPEuropeanUnion-ChinaEnergyCooperationPlatformEGATElectricityGeneratingAuthorityofThailandEMDEemergingmarketanddevelopingeconomiesENSEco-NiwasSamhitaEPEEnergyResearchOfficeERIEnergyResearchInstituteESCOenergyservicecompanyESGenvironmental,socialandgovernanceETSemissionstradingsystemEVelectricvehicleGEFGlobalEnvironmentFacilityGEROfficeofGlobalEnergyRelationsGHGgreenhousegasGoIGovernmentofIndiaGPFMGreenPoweredFutureMissionG7GroupofSevenG20Groupof20IFCInternationalFinanceCorporationIITDelhiIndianInstituteforTechnologyIMFInternationalMonetaryFundIPGInternationalPartnersGroupISGANInternationalSmartGridActionNetworkJETPJustEnergyTransitionPartnershipMEEMinistryofEcologyandEnvironmentCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeAbbreviationsAnnualReport2022PAGE144IEA.CCBY4.0.MEFEDMENAEuropeFutureEnergyDialogueMEMRMinistryofMineralResourcesandEnergyMENAMiddleEastandNorthAfricaMEPSminimumenergyperformancestandardsMIMissionInnovationNEANationalEnergyAdministrationNDCnationallydeterminedcontributionNDRCNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionOECDOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentOLADELatinAmericanEnergyOrganizationOVPNigeria’sOfficeoftheVicePresidentPATPerform,AchieveandTradeR&DresearchanddevelopmentRD&Dresearch,developmentanddemonstrationRETARegulatoryEnergyTransitionAcceleratorSDCSwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperationSDGSustainableDevelopmentGoalSEADSuper-efficientEquipmentApplianceDeploymentSENERSecretaryofEnergyofMexicoTCPTechnologyCollaborationProgrammeTERITheEnergyResourcesInstituteTGOThailandGreenhouseGasManagementOrganizationUNUnitedNationsUNEPUNEnvironmentProgrammeUNFCCCUNFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeUNIDOUNIndustrialDevelopmentOrganizationUNSDUNStatisticsDivisionVCvoluntarycontributionWRIWorldResourcesInstitute3DENIEADigitalDemand-DrivenElectricityNetworksInitiativeInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA).ThisworkreflectstheviewsoftheIEASecretariatbutdoesnotnecessarilyreflectthoseoftheIEA’sindividualMembercountriesorofanyparticularfunderorcollaborator.Theworkdoesnotconstituteprofessionaladviceonanyspecificissueorsituation.TheIEAmakesnorepresentationorwarranty,expressorimplied,inrespectofthework’scontents(includingitscompletenessoraccuracy)andshallnotberesponsibleforanyuseof,orrelianceon,thework.SubjecttotheIEA’sNoticeforCC-licencedContent,thisworkislicencedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicence.Thisdocumentandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Unlessotherwiseindicated,allmaterialpresentedinfiguresandtablesisderivedfromIEAdataandanalysis.IEAPublicationsInternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgContactinformation:www.iea.org/contactTypesetinFrancebyIEA-March2023Coverdesign:IEAPhotocredits:©Shutterstock

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