粤港澳大湾区分布式光伏和氢能的发展与投融资现状、挑战和建议
工作论文 | 2022年7月 | 3
Background
AchievingChina’s“dualcarbongoals,”topeakcarbon
dioxideemissionsby2030andbecomecarbon-neutral
by2060,willrequirenewenergyresources,including
renewableenergyandhydrogen.Asanationalstrategic
area,theGreaterBayAreashouldplayaleadingrolein
high-qualitydevelopmentandagreentransitionofthe
economyandsociety.Thenationalcommitmenttoincrease
theinstalledcapacityofsolarandwindpowerto1.2
terawattsby2030hascreatednumerousnewopportunities
topromotedistributedcleanenergy.Forexample,the
centralgovernmenthasrecentlyintroducedanewpolicy
topromotedistributedsolarPVthroughoutdesignated
counties.Increasinginterestinhydrogenfuelcellvehicles
presentsahugeopportunitytopromotehydrogen.
AccordingtotheChinaHydrogenAlliance,hydrogenis
expectedtoconstitutemorethan10percentofChina’stotal
energyconsumptionby2050.Thisworkingpapertherefore
focusesonthecurrentstatusofdistributedsolarPVand
hydrogenintheGreaterBayArea,aswellasoninvestment
andnancingopportunities.
Conclusions and recommendations
for distributed solar PV
DistributedsolarPVisdevelopingrapidlyinthe
GreaterBayArea.Industrialandcommercialrooftop
solarPVinFoshan,Guangzhou,andDongguanhave
thegreatestpotential.Theadvantagesofdistributed
solarPVarethatitisflexibleintermsofscale,project
ownerscanconsumetheirself-generatedpower,
andcapitaldemandisrelativelysmallandscattered.
Butcomplicatedstakeholderarrangementscreate
moreuncertaintyandcomplicatedprofit-sharing
mechanisms.Theprimarychallengesfordistributed
solarPVdevelopmentincludedifficultiesinsecuring
financingfrombanks,longpaybackperiods,andhigh
financingcostsfromfinanceleasing,aswellasthelack
ofaprofit-guaranteemechanism.Consideringthese
challenges,thisworkingpaperoffersthefollowing
recommendationstoscaleupdistributedsolarPV
developmentintheGreaterBayArea:
▪ Intermsofpolicydesign,thisworkingpaperrec-
ommendsthatthegovernmentstrengthenoverall
planning,investigatePVinstallationresources,and
improvethebasicdataofbuildingswithexisting
PVprojectsaswellasbuildingswithdevelopment
potential.Thegovernmentshouldalsoincorporate
solarPVapplicationsintotheoveralldevelopment
plansofnewtowns,therenovationofoldcities,and
newgreencommunities.
▪ Intermsofbusinessmodel,thegovernmentshould
drivethecreationofacommunityofcommoninter-
estsmadeupofcommercialsolarPVdevelopment
companies,manufacturers,gridoperators,gov-
ernment,andfinanceandinsuranceorganizations
inordertohelpusersandrooftopownersbenefit
frombusinessmodelslikeenergyperformance
contracting.Financialinstitutionscanworkwith
governmentandstate-ownedcompaniestojointly
createfinancingandinvestmentplatformsthatpro-
viderapidfinancingchannelsforprojectsinpilot
regions.Wealsorecommendmarketmechanisms
suchasdistributedenergytradingmarketpilots
andinnovativemodelsofelectricityfeecollection,
includingprestoredelectricitybills.
▪ Intermsofgreenfinancialtoolsandinstruments,
werecommendpromotingfinancinginsurance
forPVpowerstationsorlossinsuranceforpower
generationvolume,andinsurancefeediscountsto
PVinvestorswhomeethighstandardsforquality.
FinancialinstitutionscanlaunchmorePVloan
productsfortheGreaterBayAreawithflexibleloan
terms,loanamounts,andloaninterestrates.We
alsorecommendfacilitatinginvestmentsindistrib-
utedPVpowerplantsthroughassetsecuritization.
Conclusions and recommendations
for hydrogen
TheGreaterBayAreahasacompletehydrogensupply
chain,includingproduction,storageandtransportation,
refuelingstations,fuelcells,aswellashydrogen
vehicledesignandmanufacturing.Thecityclusterin
GuangdongProvinceledbyFoshanhasbeendesignated
bythecentralgovernmentasanationalpilotzonefor
fuelcellvehiclepromotion.Therapiddevelopmentof
renewableenergyinGuangdongcouldallowtheGreater
BayAreatoproducelarge-scalegreenhydrogen.
Despiteallthesepositivesigns,almostallhydrogen
intheGreaterBayAreaisproducedfromfossilfuels,
theproductionofgreenhydrogenremainingmarginal.
Hydrogenshouldbeproducedusingcleanenergyto
supportChina’sdecarbonizationefforts.Meanwhile,it
willbeessentialtoreducethecost,diversifytheusages
ofhydrogenbeyondfuelcellvehicles,andexplorenew
businessmodels.Thekeychallengesthehydrogen
industryfacesareanoverrelianceongovernment