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第42 卷 第5期 发 电 技 术 Vol. 42 No. 5
2021 年10 月 Power Generation Technology Oct. 2021
DOI:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21010 中图分类号:TK 91; TQ 116.2
碳中和背景下高温固体氧化物电解制氢的
过程建模与热力学分析
王丹丹,李亚楼*,李芳,孙璐
(电网安全与节能国家重点实验室(中国电力科学研究院有限公司),北京市 海淀区 100192)
Process Modelling and Thermodynamic Analysis of Hydrogen Production by High
Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Under the Background of Carbon Neutrality
WANG Dandan, LI Yalou*, LI Fang, SUN Lu
(State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Safety and Energy Conservation (China Electric Power Research Institute),
Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China)
摘要:电解制氢能够将不稳定的可再生能源转化为氢能,
实现大规模、季节性储能,是助力实现我国碳中和目标
的关键手段之一。对高温固体氧化物电解制氢技术进行
了探讨与研究,介绍了高温固体氧化物电解的工作原理;
针对其实际运行特性,建立了电解过程电化学模型与热
力学模型,并通过与实验数据对比验证了模型的有效性;
进一步地,分析了电流密度和操作温度对高温固体氧化
物电解极化损失的影响,研究了高温电解过程热力学性
能的变化情况。结果表明:在高温下对固体氧化物电解
进行整体热集成与热管理,有利于减少电能消耗;若将
高温电解过程与其他工业过程相结合,利用低品位的工
业余热或废热,则能够进一步提升高温固体氧化物电解
的整体能效。
关键词:碳中和;可再生能源;电解制氢;高温固体氧
化物;电化学模型;热力学分析
ABSTRACT: Water electrolysis can transform unstable
renewable energy into the hydrogen energy and realize
large-scale and seasonal energy storage, which is one of the
key means to achieve the goal of “carbon neutrality” in
China. The technology of high temperature solid oxide
electrolysis cell (SOEC) was discussed and studied, and the
working principle of the high temperature solid oxide
electrolysis was introduced. According to its actual
operation characteristics, the electrochemical model and
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0208400);中国电
力科学研究院自筹基金项目(5242002000RF)。
Project Supported by National Key Research and Development
Program of China (2018YFE0208400); Project of China Electric Power
Research Institute (5242002000RF).
thermodynamic model of electrolysis process were
established, and the models were verified by comparing
with the experimental data. Furthermore, the effects of
current density and operating temperature on the high
temperature solid oxide electrolysis were analyzed, and the
thermodynamic analysis was conducted. The results show
that the thermal integration and management of SOEC at
high temperature will be conducive to reduce the power
consumption. If the high-temperature electrolysis process is
combined with other industrial processes and utilized the
low-grade industrial waste heat, the overall efficiency of
high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis is expected to be
further improved.
KEY WORDS: carbon neutrality; renewable energy;
hydrogen production by electrolysis; high temperature solid
oxide; electrochemical model; thermodynamic analysis
0 引言
2020 年9月,中国正式提出“二氧化碳排放
力争于 2030 年前达到峰值,努力争取 2060 年前
实现碳中和”的目标。积极发展清洁能源有助于
促进我国碳达峰、碳中和工作的加速进行,加快
产业结构的优化。氢能作为一种低碳、高效、环
境友好、应用场景丰富的绿色能源,被誉为 21
世纪的“终极能源”。将可再生能源弃电用于电解
水制备氢能,能够为可再生能源季节性大规模消
纳提供一种有效的解决方式,同时也是助力实现
碳中和的关键手段[1-4]。