收稿日期:2021-06-24;修回日期:2021-08-26
作者简介:张轩(1987—),男,博士,工程师,研究方向为石油化工和新能源,通讯联系人,010-63591443,
zhangx@cptdc.cnpc.com.cn。
氢能可持续发展模式探讨
张轩*,樊昕晔
(中国石油技术开发有限公司,北京 100028)
摘要:氢能具有清洁环保、能量密度高等优势,被视为极具潜力的可再生替代能源,是实现国家“双碳”
目标的重要支撑。目前的核心问题是用氢成本过高,与燃油车和电动车相比没有价格优势。从制氢—运氢
—加氢的产业链角度出发,对近、中、远期氢能产业链进行了成本分析,发现在近期和中期,制约氢气价
格下降的瓶颈主要在于加氢站,而加氢站氢气成本下降的核心在于提升加氢量、摊薄成本。如果氢燃料电
池汽车数量提高,每日加氢量提升至一定水平,会迅速降低氢气成本,并为中、远期的 CCUS、电解制氢
等更为低碳的制氢技术留出足够的利润空间。同时给出了具体建议,包括通过政策引导大力增加燃料电池
汽车数量以增加加氢量;合理规划,减少运氢距离;增加运氢压力以增加单次氢气运载量;优化加氢站工
艺,减少日常运营成本等。
关键词:氢能;制氢;运氢;加氢站;成本
中图分类号:TQ54 文献标识码:A
Discussion on the short-term, medium term, long-term
sustainable development model of hydrogen energy
ZHANG Xuan, FAN Xinye
(China Petroleum Technology and Development Corporation, Beijing 100028)
Abstract: Hydrogen energy has the advantages of clean, environmental protection and high
energy density. It is regarded as a potential renewable alternative energy and is an important
support for the realization of the national "dual carbon" goal. But the current core problem is that
the cost of using hydrogen is too high, and it has no advantage compared with fuel vehicles and
electric vehicles. From the perspective of the hydrogen
production-hydrogen-transport-hydrogenation industrial chain, this article analyzes the cost of the
hydrogen energy industrial chain in the short-term, mid-term and long-term, and found that in the
short and medium term, the bottleneck restricting the profitability of hydrogen lies in hydrogen
refueling stations. The core of the reduction in hydrogen cost of hydrogen refueling stations is to
increase the amount of hydrogen refueling and to dilute the cost. If the number of hydrogen fuel
cell vehicles increases and the daily hydrogen refueling volume rises to a certain level, it will
quickly reduce the cost of hydrogen and leave enough profit margins for low-carbon hydrogen
production technologies such as CCUS and electrolysis hydrogen production in the medium and
long term. At the same time, specific suggestions were given, including through policy guidance
to vigorously increase the number of fuel cell vehicles to increase the hydrogen refueling capacity;
rational planning to reduce the hydrogen transportation distance; increase the hydrogen
transportation pressure to increase the single hydrogen carrying capacity; optimize the hydrogen
refueling station process to reduce Daily operating costs, etc.
Keyword:hydrogen; hydrogen production; Hydrogen transportation; hydrogen refueling station;
cost
迄今为止,人类共经历了两次能源革命,第一次发生在 19 世纪初,伴随着工业革命及
蒸汽机的普及,煤炭取代柴薪,成为主要动力能源,建立了煤炭—铁路为核心的工业链条;
网络首发时间:2021-08-27 08:52:05
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