EnergyResearchInstitute@NTU(ERI@N)1CleanTechLoop,#06-04CleanTechOne,Singapore637141Phone:(65)65921786/2468Fax:(65)66946217ResearchProgressonFuelCellandHydrogenEnergyinSingapore新加坡燃料电池和氢能的研究进展ZHANGLAN/张兰zhanglan@ntu.edu.sgMotivation动力CO2emissionsandenergyuseinSingapore新加坡CO2排放和能源使用FuelCellandHydrogentechnologiesinSingapore新加坡燃料电池和氢能发展Contents/报告内容Safetyconcerns安全问题Hydrogen/Ammoniaasanenergycarrier氢/氨作为能量载体GlobalcommitmentLimitthetemperatureriseto1.5°CLocalcommitmentReduceemissions’intensityby36%from2005levelsby2030ClimatechangeChangeintemperature,precipitation,extremeevents,etc.patternsSource:https://www.nccs.gov.sg/climate-change-and-singapore/national-circumstances/impact-of-climate-change-on-singaporeMotivation动力Contents/报告内容CO2emissionsandenergyuseinSingapore新加坡CO2排放和能源使用FuelCellandHydrogentechnologiesinSingapore新加坡燃料电池和氢能发展Safetyconcerns安全问题Hydrogen/Ammoniaasanenergycarrier氢/氨作为能量载体0.350.000.000.4612.2587.053.411.796.603.604.41SingaporeSource:BPStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy2018BP2018年世界能源统计评论Inthisreview,primaryenergycomprisescommercially-tradedfuels,includingmodernrenewablesusedtogenerateelectricity.2017EnergyConsumptionStructure/2017能源消费结构CO2EmissionsinSingaporeSource:https://knoema.com/atlas/Singapore/CO2-emissions-per-capitahttps://www.nccs.gov.sg/climate-change-and-singapore/national-circumstances/singapore's-emissions-profileSingaporeCO2emissionspercapitaDateValueChange,%20168.611.10%20158.525.24%20148.09-4.31%20138.46-0.62%20128.51-1.84%20118.67-3.68%201095.62%20098.52-6.48%20089.11-1.02%20079.211.24%20069.090.88%20059.01Totalemissions=45.7MtOthers:Residential,commercial,publicservicesandothersectorsSource:TheWorldBank(2012)Others其他Transportation交通Industry工业Electricityandheatproduction电力和热能Source:https://www.nccs.gov.sg/climate-change-and-singapore/national-circumstances/singapore's-emissions-profile碳排放(来自燃料燃烧)每美元GDP人均碳排放(来自燃料燃烧)FindingWaystoIncreaseSolarPowerGeneration太阳能应用实例FloatingSolarPlant-SingaporeSolarPVsystemonanHDBbuildingNTUcampusoverlookingmapOtherApplication政府组屋楼顶蓄水池表面校园建筑屋顶FindingWaystoIncreaseSolarPowerGenerationEst.PVoutput:Estimatedsolarphoto-voltaic(PV)outputInstalledPVcap:InstalledsolarPVcapacityMWac:Nominalpoweroutputinmegawatts(MW),convertedtoalternatingcurrentSource:https://www.ema.gov.sg/solarmap.aspx网格连接太阳能光伏装置的数量太阳能实时发电量LimitationofSolarEnergy太阳能的缺陷Motivation动力Contents/报告内容FuelCellandHydrogentechnologiesinSingapore新加坡燃料电池和氢能发展CO2emissionsandenergyuseinSingapore新加坡CO2排放和能源使用Safetyconcerns安全问题Hydrogen/Ammoniaasanenergycarrier氢/氨作为能量载体TimelineofmajorFuelCellandHydrogenTechnologyActivitiesinSingaporeTimelineofmajorSingaporeFuelCellandHydrogenTechnologyActivities新加坡主要燃料电池和氢技术发展历程15GreenBuildingSystems绿色建筑系统1REIntegration&SmartGrids再生能源集成和智慧电网2UrbanMobility城市流动3EnergyInformationAnalytics能源信息分析4UserBehavior用户行为5InnovativetropicalcoolingEnvelope,Facades&LightingFlagshipProgramme旗舰项目EcoCampus生态校园HighImpactEnergyEfficiencyandSustainabilityAccentuatingInnovationandGreenGrowth16EcoCampus生态校园太阳能发电量增加一倍：将提供9.9兆瓦的太阳能发电，是现有5MW系统输出功率的两倍。将满足大学7％至10％的能源需求。17FlagshipProgramme旗舰项目RenewableEnergyIntegrationDemonstratorSingapore(REIDS)新加坡可再生能源集成演示(REIDS)RD&Datalarge-scale-properintegrationofabroadrangeofrenewableenergyproduction-onshoreandoffshore,energystorageandrationalenergyend-usetechnologies.Motivation动力CO2emissionsandenergyuseinSingapore新加坡CO2排放和能源使用FuelCellandHydrogentechnologiesinSingapore新加坡燃料电池和氢能发展Contents/报告内容Safetyconcerns安全问题Hydrogen/Ammoniaasanenergycarrier氢/氨作为能量载体H2H2Storage/DispenserFCVHeatElectricityLNGElectrolyzerFuelprocessorFC-CHCPCoolingHydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体TypicalLithiumIonStorageEnergyShiftSolarPVLiIonBatteryStorageLoadinHDB1day–18kWhH2+LiIonBatteryStorageLoad–HDB2.5daysSolarPVHydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体充电模式放电模式储存模式氢气+氧气电力模式微网和分布式电源循环水多余的电能可再生能源的储存和应用系统Hydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体22Hydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体23Theproposedhigh-temperaturewaterelectrolysissystembasedon1m2Ni-YSZYSZ-GDCBCFNcell.基于工作面积为1m2的Ni-YSZYSZ-GDCBCFN设计的高温水电解系统Hydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体24FlowchartofLSCMpowdersynthesisviasol-gelmethod.(a)(b)Hydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体25CastingGelationDryingPrecursorOxideOrganicMonomer,Cross-Linker(AM,MBAM)WaterDispersant(PMAA)Rolling/Ball-Milling(SlurryFormation)Initiator(APS)Fig.1Processflowchartforapatitepowderssynthesizedbygel-castingtechniqueCalciningHydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体26SynthesismethodforLSCMpowderLSCM粉末的合成方法Gel-casting凝胶注法Solid-statereaction固相反应法Sol-gel溶胶-凝胶法Glycinecombustion甘氨酸燃烧法Co-precipitation共沉淀法Widerangeofrawmaterials原料来源广xxxLowcostofrawmaterials原料成本低xxxShortsynthesiscycle合成周期短xxxLesstoxicexhaust废气少xxxLowenergyconsumption能耗低xxxNarrowparticlesizedistribution粒径分布窄xExcellentelectrochemicalactivity优良的电化学活性xEasilybescaledup易产业化xxxHydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体27StabilityinwetCH4and0.5%H2S+99.5%CH4at850oC.Hydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体28ConceptofrenewableHaber-BoschprocessConventionalHaber-BoschprocessSteamreformingAirseparationNGNH3H-BreactorAirH2N2RenewableHaber-BoschprocessSolidOxideElectrolyserCellH2ONH3H-BreactorAirH2+N2Renewablepower•Matureprocess•LargeCO2emissions•Greenprocess•Highenergyefficiency•SimilarproductivitylikeconventionalprocessHydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体29I-Vcureofwetairco-electrolysisGascompositionanalysis0.00.40.81.21.62.00.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.8Airflowrate:5sccmFeedstock:wetair,70%H2OTemperature:900oCCellvoltage(V)0.00.40.81.21.62.00481216202428Gascontent(vol%)Currentdensity(A/cm2)O2H2Balance:N2Air:5sccmAt1.2A/cm2,theenergyconversionefficiencyisestimatedtobe33.6%.•AlmostzeroconcentrationofH2andO2wasdetectedat0.6A/cm2,veryclosetothecurrent,0.58A/cm2,whichisequivalenttotheO2amountin5sccmair.•At1.2A/cm2,aH2/N2ratioof1:2.7wasachieved,farfromtherequiredratioforammoniafeedstock.Withsmallerairflowrateinthefeedstock,Cellinfo:SSZelectrolyte,250umLSCM-GDCfuelelectrodeLSCF-GDCairelectrodeWatersplitingbeginsafteralmostallO2inairarebeingremovedTransitionfromairsplitingtowatersplitingHydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体30Solidoxidecell固体氧化物电池Novelnickel-freeSOC新型无镍固体氧化物电池TraditionalNi-basedSOC传统镍基固体氧化物电池Powerdensity>1w∙cm-2电池功率密度>1w∙cm-2xImpuritygastolerance杂质气体高容忍度xAnti-sulfurpoisoning抗硫性能xAnti-carbondeposit抗积碳性能xElectrolyzewater电解纯水xElectrolyzeseawater电解海水xCo-electrolyzewetair电解加湿空气xCo-electrolyzefluegas电解烟气xHydrogen/AmmoniaasanEnergyCarrier氢/氨作为能量载体Motivation动力CO2emissionsandenergyuseinSingapore新加坡CO2排放和能源使用FuelCellandHydrogentechnologiesinSingapore新加坡燃料电池和氢能发展Contents/报告内容Safetyconcerns安全问题Hydrogen/Ammoniaasanenergycarrier氢/氨作为能量载体Safetyconcerns安全问题History•Hydrogenhasbeenproducedcommerciallyformorethan50yearswithexemplarysafetyrecordPollution•Usinghydrogeninfuelcellsproducesnoharmfulairpollutants•Hydrogenisanon-toxicgasthateasilydispersesinairCurrentstatus•Averageof265millitersofliquidhydrogenisannuallytransportedontrucksintheUSwithoutanymajorincidentsSource:PlugPower:DebunkingHydrogenFuelCellMythsThanksforyourattention！谢谢您的聆听！Q&A