2022 年第 7期洁净煤技术 第28 卷
走在世界前列,但在基础技术、工艺、材料、软件等方面卡脖子问题仍存在,还需在先进核能系统、核能
综合利用方面加强研究,坚持走闭式核燃料循环技术路线,持续改进核能利用安全性;当前我国储能
正向“规模化发展”迈进,但储能产业距离整体健康发展仍有差距,储能技术仍需向安全性、长寿命、
低成本、规模化方向发展;氢能已形成完整产业链,但氢气主要来自灰氢,未来发展与大规模光伏发电
或风力发电配套的电解水制绿氢技术将成为重点。
关键词:碳达峰;碳中和;发电领域;低碳转型;可再生能源;核能;储能;氢能
中图分类号:TK01;TM61 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-6772(2022)07-0023-11
Research on the low carbon transformation path of power generation under
the goal of carbon neutralization
HU Daocheng1,ZHANG Shuai2,HAN Tao2,ZHENG Xufan2,GU Yongzheng3,XU Dong2
(1.China Energy Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China;2.New Energy Technology Research Institute,CHN Energy,Beijing 102209,
China;3.Guodian Power Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100101,China)
Abstract:The goal of " carbon peak and carbon neutral" points out the direction and path for the low-carbon transformation and scientific
and technological innovation in China′s power generation field. Under the background of the innovative development of the global energy
and power industry, the development of power generation towards low-carbon, clean, intelligent, electrification, marketization and inter⁃
nationalization will become an inevitable trend. The current situation, existing problems and future technological development path of
low-carbon transformation scientific and technological innovation in the field of power generation in China were analyzed in the direction
of clean and efficient coal power generation, renewable energy power generation, nuclear energy, advanced energy storage and hydrogen
energy. In order to adapt to the new power system based on new energy, the traditional main power supply gradually changes to the basic
power supply in China′s coal-fired power units. However, most of the domestic units are designed according to the basic load, and the key
indicators such as load regulation range and load change rate are far behind those of abroad. In addition, there are still the problems of low
efficiency and high carbon emission of old units. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on flexible and intelligent pow⁃
er generation, ultra-high parameter coal-fired power generation, new and efficient coal-fired power generation, and carbon capture, utili⁃
zation and storage (CCUS) technologies. The hydropower technology in China has been improved in an all-round way and formed the inte⁃
gration capacity of whole industrial chain. However, it also needs to make efforts in high head, large capacity and ultra-low head generator
units, safe and efficient operation and smart power stations. The wind power technology in China has made comprehensive research, de⁃
ployment and breakthroughs in wind turbine design and manufacturing, wind farm development and operation and maintenance, equipment
testing and certification, and standard system construction, and it also needs to tackle the key problems in the direction of large-scale,
lightweight and low-cost wind power generation, promote the application of next-generation information and communication technology,
and improve the localization rate of key components. The photovoltaic power generation technology in China is basically synchronized with
the world. High efficiency and low cost are its main technical direction. The solar thermal power generation technology in China lags behind
foreign countries with respect to systematic design and integrated operation, and it is necessary to develop solar thermal power generation
technology with large capacity, high parameters, long-time heat storage and low cost. The geothermal power generation and marine pow⁃
er generation technologies in China are in the stage of basic research or technology research and verification, technical research and engi⁃
neering demonstration still need to be strengthened in the future. In terms of nuclear filed, China already has a complete nuclear fuel cycle
and nuclear industry system, and nuclear power technology is in the forefront of the world, however, problems still exist in basic technolo⁃
gy, process, materials, software and other aspects. It is also necessary to strengthen the research in advanced nuclear energy systems
and comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, adhere to the technical route of closed nuclear fuel cycle, and continuously improve the
safety of nuclear energy utilization. In terms of energy storage technology, At present, China′s energy storage filed is moving towards
large-scale development, but there is still a gap between the energy storage industry and the overall healthy development, and the energy
storage technology still needs to be developed in the direction of safety, long life, low cost and large-scale. In terms of hydrogen energy
technology, China has formed a complete industrial chain, but hydrogen mainly comes from gray hydrogen. In the future, the development
of electrolytic water to produce green hydrogen technology supported by large-scale photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation
will become the focus.
Key words:carbon peak;carbon neutralization;power generation;low carbon transformation;renewable energy;nuclear energy;energy stor⁃
age;hydrogen energy
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