书书书
2019年4月农业机械学报 第50 卷第4期
doi:10. 6041 /j. issn. 1000-1298. 2019. 04. 001
化肥减施增效关键技术研究进展分析
唐 汉1王金武1徐常塑1周文琪1王金峰1王 秀2
(1. 东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨 150030;2. 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京 100097)
摘要:化肥作为现代农业生产基础物质之一,
对保障粮食生产安全和农业高效高产具有重要作用,
但因其长期盲目
过量施用所引发的系列农产品安全、
环境污染及资源浪费等问题日益突显,
如何有效权衡粮食产量品质及生态安
全与化肥减施增效间关系成为需要解决的系统工程问题。根据对科学施肥技术迫切需求,
综合评价了中国化肥施
用现状与形势,
重点阐述分析了国内外测土配方施肥、
缓控释肥施用、
精准变量施肥、
灌溉施肥及部分大宗农作物
典型施肥等现代施肥技术的研究进展、
技术特点、
应用概况及存在问题等。在此基础上,
结合可持续农业发展需求
分析了我国化肥施用的发展趁势,
提出未来主要发展建议,
为构建符合中国国情的化肥减施增效科学管理技术体
系及相关研究提供参考。
关键词:化肥;减施增效;测土配方施肥;缓控释肥;精准变量施肥;灌溉施肥
中图分类号:S224. 21 文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-1298(2019)04-0001-19
收稿日期:2019-02-13 修回日期:2019-03-05
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-01-44)和国家自然科学基金项目(51675093)
作者简介:唐汉(1991—),
男,
讲师,
博士,
主要从事智能农机装备及关键技术研究,E-mail:tanghan19910102@ 163. com
通信作者:王金武(1968—),
男,
教授,
博士生导师,
主要从事田间机械及机械可靠性研究,E-mail:jinwuw@ 163. com
Research Progress Analysis on Key Technology of Chemical Fertilizer
Reduction and Efficiency Increase
TANG Han1WANG Jinwu1XU Changsu1ZHOU Wenqi1WANG Jinfeng1WANG Xiu2
(1. College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China
2. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China)
Abstract:Chemical fertilizer is one of the basic materials in modern agricultural production. It has
important significance to the development of grain production safety and high-efficiency agriculture. The
problems of agricultural safety production,environmental pollution and cost wastage are increasingly
prominent which were caused by long-term blindly excessive application of chemical fertilizers in China.
How to effectively balance the relation among grain production,ecological security and chemical fertilizer
reduction has become a system engineering problem that must be faced. Considering the requirements for
application of scientific fertilization technology,the present situation of chemical fertilizer application in
China was illustrated and evaluated. The research progresses,technical features,application statuses and
existing problems of modern fertilization technologies were analyzed,such as soil testing and formulated
fertilization,slow /controlled release fertilization,precision variable-rate fertilization,irrigation and
fertilization,and fertilization for staple crop. Finally,the trends of government policy,technology
research and promotion training were expected clearly based on the requirement of sustainable agricultural
development,which provided ideas for constructing a scientific fertilization technology and management
system with the Chinese national condition and references for related research.
Key words:chemical fertilizer;reduction and efficiency increase;soil testing and formulated
fertilization;slow /controlled release fertilization;precision variable-rate fertilization;
irrigation and fertilization
0引言
化肥是利用化学或物理方法制成含有一种或几
种农作物生长所需营养元素,
以提供植物养分为主
要功能,
并兼具改善土壤性质的肥料,
作为农业生产
最重要基础物质之一,
对保障粮食生产安全和农业