GE.15-01820(C)100315110315缔约方会议缔约方会议第二十届会议报告会议于2014年12月1日至14日在利马举行增编第二部分：缔约方会议第二十届会议采取的行动目录缔约方会议通过的决定决定页次1/CP.20利马气候行动呼吁..........................................................................................2联合国FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1气候变化框架公约Distr.:General2February2015ChineseOriginal:EnglishFCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.12GE.15-01820第1/CP.20号决定利马气候行动呼吁缔约方会议，重申德班加强行动平台问题特设工作组应当在《公约》之下开展工作并遵循《公约》原则，回顾《公约》第二条列明的目标，又回顾缔约方会议的所有有关决定，尤其是第1/CP.17号、第2/CP.18号和第1/CP.19号决定，申明决心在缔约方会议第二十一届会议(2015年11-12月)上通过一项《公约》之下对所有缔约方适用的议定书、另一法律文书或某种有法律约束力的议定结果，从而加强适应行动，回顾第2/CP.19号和2/CP.20号决定(气候变化影响相关损失和损害华沙国际机制)，欢迎在秘鲁利马在执行气候变化影响相关损失和损害华沙国际机制方面取得的进展，严重关切地注意到在以下两者之间存在很大的差距，一方面是缔约方针对2020年之前全球温室气体年排放量作出的减缓保证的总合效果，另一方面是为使全球平均温升幅度维持在与工业化前水平相比低于2℃或1.5℃所需达到的总合排放路径，1.确认德班加强行动平台问题特设工作组应争取尽早完成第1/CP.17号决定第2段所述的工作，以便在缔约方会议第二十一届会议上通过一项《公约》之下对所有缔约方适用的议定书、另一法律文书或某种有法律约束力的议定结果；2.决定《公约》之下对所有缔约方适用的议定书、另一法律文书或某种有法律约束力的议定结果应以均衡的方式处理减缓、适应、融资、技术开发和转让、能力建设、以及行动与支持的透明度等问题；3.强调致力于在2015年达成一项有力度的协定，在顾及国情差异的情况下反映共同但有区别的责任和各自能力的原则；4.敦促发达国家缔约方向发展中国家缔约方，特别是向极易受气候变化不利影响的缔约方的有力度的减缓和适应行动提供和调集更多的财政支持，承认其他缔约方提供的辅助支持；5.注意到在利马在拟定附件所载谈判案文草案内容方面取得的进展；FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182036.决定德班加强行动平台问题特设工作组将加紧工作，以求在2015年5月之前出台一份《公约》之下对所有缔约方适用的议定书、另一法律文书或某种有法律约束力的议定结果的谈判案文；7.请秘书处根据《公约》的规定和适用的议事规则向缔约方通报上文第6段所述谈判案文，同时指出，这项通报并不影响结果是一份《公约》之下对所有缔约方适用的议定书、另一法律文书、还是某种有法律约束力的议定结果；8.注意到本决议中所述与拟作出的本国自定的贡献相关安排不影响缔约方拟作出的本国自定的贡献的法律性质和内容，也不影响《公约》之下对所有缔约方适用的议定书、另一法律文书或某种有法律约束力的议定结果的谈判案文的内容；9.再次请各缔约方向秘书处通报为实现《公约》第二条列明的目标而拟作出的本国自定的贡献；10.商定各缔约方为实现《公约》第二条列明的目标而拟作出的由本国自定的贡献将超越各缔约国目前的承诺；11.又商定最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家可在拟作出的本国自定的贡献中通报关于反映其国情的温室气体低排放发展战略、计划和行动的信息；12.请所有缔约方考虑通报其在适应行动规划方面的承诺，或考虑在拟作出的本国自定的贡献中列入适应方面的内容；13.再次请所有缔约方以有利于拟作出的本国自定的贡献的明晰度、透明度及易于理解的方式，在缔约方会议第二十一届会议之前尽早通报拟作出的本国自定的贡献(有能力的缔约方应在2015年第一季度之前通报)；14.商定缔约方在通报拟作出的由本国自定的贡献时为促进明晰度、透明度和理解而提供的信息可酌情包括：关于参考点(酌情包括基准年)、执行时间框架和(或)期限、实施范围和覆盖面、规划进程、假设和方法的量化信息，包括关于估计和核算人为温室气体排放量以及可能的清除量所用方法的量化信息，以及缔约方为何认为其拟作出的本国自定的贡献从国情看公平而有力度，如何能促进实现《公约》第二条列明的目标；15.再次吁请发达国家缔约方、资金机制经营实体及其他任何有能力的组织为可能需要支持的缔约方拟定和通报拟作出的由本国自定的贡献提供支持；16.请秘书处：(a)在《气候公约》网站发布收到的关于拟作出的本国自定的贡献的通报；(b)在2015年11月1日之前编写一份关于在2015年10月1日之前通报的缔约方拟作出的本国自定的贡献的总合效果的综合报告；FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.14GE.15-0182017.鼓励《京都议定书》所有缔约方批准和执行《京都议定书》多哈修正案；18.重申第1/CP.19号决定第3和第4段所述决心，加速充分执行构成根据第1/CP.13号决定达成的议定结果的决定，加大2020年之前时期的力度，以便确保所有缔约方在《公约》之下作出尽可能最大的减缓努力；19.决定在2015-2020期间继续对减缓潜力高的机会、包括在适应、卫生和可持续发展方面有共同效益的机会进行技术审查，为此请秘书处：(a)组办一系列会期技术专家会议，以：(一)协助缔约方查明政策办法、做法和技术，按照各国确定的发展重点规划执行工作；(二)借助并利用技术执行委员会、气候技术中心和网络、德班能力建设论坛、清洁发展机制执行理事会和资金机制经营实体的相关活动，进一步增进它们之间的合作和协同作用；(三)在以往的技术专家会议1的基础上，改善并把重心放在可化为行动的政策办法上；(四)为缔约方专家、有关国际组织、民间社会、土著人民、妇女、青少年、学术机构、私营部门、各国指定的地方机构切实参与工作经常提供有意义的机会；(五)包括通过开展国际合作，支持加速执行政策办法和增强减缓行动；(六)在技术专家会议之前至少提前两个月宣布将讨论的议题、议程和相关材料，从而促进所有缔约方更多地参与；(b)在上文第19(a)段所述的技术专家会议之后，汇集缔约国和观察员组织提交的材料中和技术专家会议上举行的讨论所提供的信息，并参考关于各级执行政策办法的情况、包括多边合作情况的其他信息，更新关于各项行动带来的减缓效益、以及关于加大减缓力度的倡议和备选办法的技术文件；(c)传播上文第19(b)段所述的信息，包括为制定政策者发布一份摘要；20.请德班加强行动平台问题特设工作组就进一步推进技术审查进程、包括技术专家会议进行的定期评估，向缔约方会议第二十一届会议提出建议；21.欢迎缔约方会议主席于2014年12月11日召开了利马气候行动高级别会议，鼓励执行秘书和缔约方会议主席举办一次增强气候行动执行情况年度高级别活动；12014年，德班加强行动平台问题特设工作组就可再生能源、能效、土地利用的变化和林业(包括REDD+活动)、城市环境、二氧化碳的捕获、使用和储存以及非二氧化碳温室气体等问题举行了技术专家会议。FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-01820522.注意到秘书处根据本决定的要求开展活动所涉的经费估算，请秘书处根据资金到位情况执行本决定中所提出的行动。FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.16GE.15-01820Annex[Englishonly]Elementsforadraftnegotiatingtext1A.Preamble2Option1:{Placeholderforpreamble}Option2:ThePartiestothisagreement,InpursuitoftheultimateobjectiveoftheConventionasstatedinitsArticle2,BeingguidedbytheprinciplesoftheConventionassetoutinitsArticle3,includingthatPartiesshouldprotecttheclimatesystemforthebenefitofpresentandfuturegenerationsofhumankind,onthebasisofequityandinaccordancewithhistoricalresponsibility,commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandtheprovisionsofArticle4oftheConvention/evolvingcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities/evolvingeconomicandemissiontrendswhichwillcontinuepost-2020,inordertoprogressivelyenhancethelevelsofambition,RecallingtheprovisionsoftheConventionanddeterminedtofurtherenhanceitsfull,effectiveandsustainedimplementationfrom2020throughastrengthenedmultilateralrules-basedregimeestablishedbythisagreement,AlsorecallingthecommitmentsundertakenbyPartiesundertheConventioninaccordancewithitsArticle4,FurtherrecallingalltheexistingdecisionsadoptedbytheConferenceofthePartiestotheConventionandtheConferenceofthePartiesservingasthemeetingofthePartiestotheKyotoProtocol,including,inparticular,theagreedoutcomepursuanttotheBaliActionPlanandtheDohaAmendment,RecallingtheoutcomesoftheRio+20Conference,titled“theFuturewewant”,Option(a):Acknowledgingthattheglobalnatureandurgencyofclimatechangecallsfortheparticipation/widestpossibleparticipation,cooperationandambitiousactionbyallParties,Option(b):AcknowledgingthattheglobalnatureandurgencyofclimatechangecallsforthewidestpossiblecooperationofallParties,aswellastheirparticipationandenhancedactioninaneffectiveandappropriateinternationalresponseinaccordancewiththeircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,andtheirspecificnationalandregionaldevelopmentpriorities,objectivesandcircumstances/socialandeconomicconditionswithdevelopedcountryPartiestakingthelead,Beingguidedbythebestavailablescientificknowledge,including,interalia,theassessmentreports/theFifthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,andinputsandresourcesfromParties,RecognizingthatdeepcutsinglobalgreenhousegasemissionswillberequiredtoachievetheultimateobjectiveoftheConventionandthelong-termtemperaturelimit/holdingtheincreaseinglobalaveragetemperature,andthatsuchcutsmustbeachievedwithinatimeframesufficienttoallowecosystemstoadaptnaturallytoclimatechange,toensurethatfoodproductionisnotthreatenedandtoenableeconomicdevelopmenttoproceedinasustainablemanner,Alsorecognizingthatscenariosconsistentwithalikelychanceofholdingtheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasetobelow2°Crelativetopre-industriallevelsincludesubstantialcutsinanthropogenicgreenhousegasemissionsbymid-centuryandnetemissionlevelsnearzerogigatonnesofcarbondioxideequivalentorbelowin2100,1Theseelementsforadraftnegotiatingtextreflectworkinprogress.Theyneitherindicateconvergenceontheproposalspresentednordotheyprecludenewproposalsfromemerginginthecourseofthenegotiationsin2015.2Headingsandsubheadingsusedthroughouttheseelementsforadraftnegotiatingtextareprovisionalandonlyintendedtoorientatethereader.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-018207Furtherrecognizingthateconomy-wideemissionreductionbudgetsprovidethehighestlevelofclarity,predictabilityandenvironmentalintegrity,Acknowledgingthatcarbonpricingisakeyapproachforcost-effectivenessofthecutsinglobalgreenhousegasemissions,Option(a):Emphasizingthatadaptationisaglobalchallengeandacommonresponsibilitythatrequiresglobalsolidaritythatmustbeaddressedwiththesameurgencyas,andinpolitical/legalparitywith,mitigation,Option(b):Emphasizingthatadaptationisaglobalchallengethatmustbeaddressedwiththesameurgencyas,andinbalancewith,mitigation,andthatenhancedactionandinternationalcooperationonadaptationisurgentlyrequiredinordertoenableandsupporttheimplementationofadaptationactions,Option(c):EmphasizingthatenhancedactionandinternationalcooperationonadaptationisurgentlyrequiredtoenableandsupporttheimplementationofadaptationactionsaimedatreducingvulnerabilityandbuildingresilienceindevelopingcountryParties,takingintoaccounttheurgentandimmediateneedsofthosedevelopingcountriesthatareparticularlyvulnerable,Option(d):Notesthatadaptationisaglobalchallengethatmustbeaddressedwiththesameurgencyasmitigation,Reaffirmingtheimportanceofeducation,training,publicawareness,publicparticipation,publicaccesstoinformationandinternationalcooperationonthesemattersforpromotingchangesinlifestyles,attitudesandbehaviourneededtofosterlow-emissionandclimate-resilientdevelopmentandtomobilizepublicsupportforclimatepoliciesandaction,AlsoreaffirmingtheneedfordevelopedcountryPartiestoprovidenew,additional,adequateandpredictablefinancialresources,includingfinancialresourcesforthetransferoftechnologytoandcapacity-buildingindevelopingcountriesforaddressingmitigationandadaptationneedsandcomplyingwiththeirobligationsunderthisagreement,whileensuringabalancedfinancialresourcesallocationbetweenadaptationandmitigation,Stressingthatallactionstoaddressclimatechangeandalltheprocessesestablishedunderthisagreementshouldensureagender-responsiveapproach,takeintoaccountenvironmentalintegrity/theprotectionoftheintegrityofMotherEarth,andrespecthumanrights,therighttodevelopmentandtherightsofindigenouspeoples,Reaffirmingthatresponsestoclimatechangeshouldbecoordinatedwithsocialandeconomicdevelopmentinanintegratedmannerwithaviewtoavoidingadverseimpactsonthelatter,takingintofullaccountthelegitimatepriorityneedsofdevelopingcountriesandtheirrighttoequitableaccesstosustainabledevelopmentandforachievingeconomicgrowthandtheeradicationofpoverty,Alsoreaffirmingthatalldevelopingcountriesneedaccesstotheresourcesrequiredtoachievesustainablesocialandeconomicdevelopmentandthat,inorderfordevelopingcountriestoprogresstowardsthatgoal,theirenergyconsumptionwillneedtogrow,takingintoaccounttheopportunitiesforachievinggreaterenergyefficiencyandforreducinggreenhousegasemissions,includingthroughtheapplicationofnewtechnologiesontermswhichmakesuchanapplicationeconomicallyandsociallybeneficial,Recognizingthataction/cooperativeactionbyandamongsubnationalauthorities,intergovernmentalorganizations,civilsociety,indigenouspeoples,localcommunities,theprivatesector,financialinstitutionsandPartiescancatalyseandsignificantlyenhancetheimpactofpolicyimplementationbyPartiesinreducingemissions,reducingvulnerabilityandbuildingresiliencetotheadverseeffectsofclimatechange,RecallingtheViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties,Haveagreedtofurtherenhancethefull,effectiveandsustainedimplementationoftheConventionasfollows/Haveagreedasfollows/Haveagreedtothisprotocol,anotherlegalinstrument,oranagreedoutcomewithlegalforcewiththeaimoffurtheringtheimplementationoftheConventionanditsobjective:B.DefinitionsForthepurposesofthisagreementthefollowingtermsaredefined:The“governingbody”meansthegoverningbodyofthisagreement;Party;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.18GE.15-01820“Emissionreductions”meansthesumofallreducedemissionsandincreasedcarbonstocks;(Otherdefinitionsasneeded.)C.General/Objective1.Thisagreementaimstoachieveuniversalparticipationandistofurtherenhancethefull,effectiveandsustainedimplementationoftheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,commitmentsundertheConventionandexistingdecisions,andtostrengthenthemultilateralrules-basedregimeundertheConventioninordertoachievetheobjectiveoftheConventionassetoutinitsArticle2.2.AllPartiestostrivetoachievelowgreenhousegasclimate-resilienteconomiesandsocieties,onthebasisofequityandinaccordancewiththeirhistoricalresponsibilities,commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities/evolvingcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,inordertoachievesustainabledevelopment,povertyeradicationandprosperityforthebenefitofpresentandfuturegenerationsofhumankind,takingfullyintoaccountthehistoricalresponsibilityofdevelopedcountryPartiesandtheirleadershipincombatingclimatechangeandtheadverseeffectsthereof,andbearinginmindthateconomicandsocialdevelopmentandpovertyeradicationarethefirstandoverridingprioritiesofdevelopingcountryParties.3.Option1:AllPartiestotakeactionandcooperatetofurtherimplementtheConventioninordertoreachitsultimateobjectiveasstatedinitsArticle2,onthebasisofequityandinaccordancewiththeirhistoricalresponsibilitiesandcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities/evolvingcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,byachievinganemissionpathwayconsistentwithlimitingtheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasetobelow2°Cor1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevels,whichentails:3.1Option(a):Ensuringsignificantglobalgreenhousegasemissionreductionsoverthenextfewdecadesora40–70percentreductioninglobalgreenhousegasemissionsbelow2010levelsby2050andnear-zeroemissionsofcarbondioxide(CO2)andotherlong-livedgreenhousegasesbytheendofthecentury;Option(b):Ensuringthatglobalgreenhousegasemissionspeakby2020atthelatest,arereducedbyatleast50percentby2050andcontinuetodeclinethereafter;Option(c):Ensuringsignificantglobalgreenhousegasemissionreductionsoverthenextfewdecadesinordertoachieveaglobalgoalforsubstantiallyreducingglobalemissionsby2050/consistentwiththeagreedglobalgoalforsubstantiallyreducingglobalemissionsby2050/consistentwiththeagreedglobalgoal,andbasedonthebestavailablescientificknowledgeandequitableaccesstosustainabledevelopment;3.2Ensuringresilienceandadaptivecapacitytotheadverseeffectsofclimatechange,whilerecognizingthelocal,nationalandglobaldimensionsofadaptation;3.3Ensuringthatallinvestmentsareresilienttoclimatechange/consistentwithsustainabledevelopmentandfacilitatethetransitiontolow-emissiondevelopmentpathsandensuringtheadequacyoffinancial,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupportfordevelopingcountriestowardsachievingtheimplementationofthisagreement/objectiveoftheConvention.Option2:AllPartiestoenhanceactionandcooperatetofurtherimplementtheConventioninordertoreachitsultimateobjectiveasstatedinitsArticle2,inordertostabilizegreenhousegasconcentrationsintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclimatesystemandtoallowecosystemstoadaptnaturallytoclimatechange,inordertoensurethatfoodproductionisnotthreatenedandtoenableeconomicdevelopmenttoproceedinasustainablemanner,whichentails:3.1Partiestourgentlyworktowardsthedeepreductioninglobalgreenhousegasemissionsrequiredtoholdtheincreaseinglobalaveragetemperaturebelow2°C/1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevelsandtoattainaglobalpeakingofglobalgreenhousegasemissionsassoonaspossible,reaffirmingthatthetimeframeforpeakingwillbelongerfordevelopingcountries;3.2Parties’effortsshouldbeundertakenonthebasisofequityandcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,andtheprovisionoffinance,technologytransferandcapacity-buildingtodevelopingcountriesinordertosupporttheirmitigationandadaptationactionsundertheConvention,andtakeintoaccounttheimperativesofequitableaccesstosustainabledevelopment,thesurvivalofcountriesandprotectingtheintegrityofMotherEarth.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-018209Option3:AllPartiestotakeactionandcooperatetofurtherimplementtheConventioninordertoreachitsultimateobjectiveasstatedinitsArticle2,onthebasisofequityandinaccordancewiththeircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities/evolvingcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,byachievinganemissionpathwayconsistentwithlimitingtheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasetobelow2°Cor1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevelsandwithachievingclimateresilience.4.Partiesrecognizethatthelevelandpaceofmitigationambition/effortswilldeterminetheextenttowhichPartieswillneedtoadaptandaddresslossanddamage,andassociatedcoststhereof,aswellastheneedtoexploreholisticandmutuallyreinforcingapproachestoenhancingmitigationandadaptationeffortsandtoincreasetheoveralllevelofambition,whichwilldependontheextentoffinancial,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupportprovidedbydevelopedcountryPartiestodevelopingcountryParties.5.Option1:EachPartytotakeactionatthehighestlevelofambition/mitigationambition,reflectingitsnationalcircumstances,andtoprogressivelyincreasethatlevelofambition;Option2:AllPartiestotakeactionatthehighestlevelofambitionandtoprogressivelyincreasethatlevelofambition,takingintoaccounttheircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandtheirspecificnationalandregionaldevelopmentpriorities,objectivesandcircumstances,withdevelopedcountriestakingthelead;Option3:PartiestoenhancetheiractionsandcontributionsinaccordancewithArticle4oftheConvention;Option4:AglobalemissionbudgettobedividedamongallParties,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,inordertolimitglobalwarmingthiscenturytobelow1.5°CaccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)assessment.Thedistributionoftheglobalemissionbudgetshouldbeundertakeninaccordancewithhistoricalresponsibilities,ecologicalfootprint,capabilitiesandstateofdevelopment.6.Option1:Partieswiththegreatestresponsibilityandhighestcapabilitytodemonstrateleadership:6.1DevelopedcountryPartiestotaketheleadinfullyimplementingexistingobligationsundertheConventioninrelationtomitigationandsupport,inlinewiththeirhistoricalresponsibility;6.2LeadershipdemonstratedbyanyPartytoberecognized,aswellastheneedtoincentivizeandenablesuchleadershipthroughcooperationandsupport.Option2:Partieswiththegreatestresponsibilityandhighestcapabilitytodemonstrateleadership.Option3:InaccordancewithArticle4oftheConvention,developedcountryPartiestotaketheleadinfullyimplementingexistingobligationsandcommitmentsundertheConventioninrelationtoemissionreductionandtheprovisionoffinancial,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupporttodevelopingcountryParties,inlinewiththeirhistoricalresponsibility.7.Option1:Commitments/contributionsofPartiesparticularlyvulnerabletotheadverseeffectsofclimatechange,especiallytheleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs)andsmallislanddevelopingStates(SIDS),toreflecttheireffortsinthecontextoftheirspecificneedsandspecialsituations;Option2:Commitments/contributions/actionsofdevelopingcountryParties,especiallythosereferredtoinArticle4,paragraphs8–10,oftheConvention,includingtheleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs)andsmallislanddevelopingStates(SIDS),toreflecttheireffortsinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmentandtheirspecificneedsandspecialcircumstances,bearinginmindthattheextenttowhichdevelopingcountryPartieswilleffectivelyimplementtheircommitmentsundertheConventionwilldependontheeffectiveimplementationbydevelopedcountryPartiesoftheircommitmentsundertheConventionrelatedtofinancialresourcesandthetransferoftechnology.8.Option1:AllPartiestoprepare,maintain,communicateandimplementcommitments/contributions/mitigationcommitments/contributionsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisagreementandtobeconsidered,formalized/finalizedandreviewedinaccordancewithsectionKbelow;Option2:InaccordancewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,allPartiestoprepare,maintain,communicateandimplementcommitments/contributionsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisagreement,andtobeconsidered,formalized/finalizedandreviewedinaccordancewithsectionKbelow.9.Option1:Unilateralmeasuresnottoconstituteameansofarbitraryorunjustifiablediscriminationoradisguisedrestrictiononinternationaltrade;Option2:Noreferencetounilateralmeasuresintheagreement.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.110GE.15-0182010.Thisagreementtobuildonthesubsidiarybodies/institutionalarrangementsestablishedbyorundertheConvention:Option1:Allsubsidiarybodies/institutionalarrangementsestablishedbyorundertheConventionshallservethisagreement,unlessotherwisedecidedbythegoverningbody.Thegoverningbodymayprovidefurtherguidanceasappropriate;Option2:Thesubsidiarybodies/institutionalarrangementsestablishedbyorundertheConventionshallservethisagreementasspecifiedintherelevantsections.311.Option1:Allactors,includingcivilsociety,theprivatesector,financialinstitutions,citiesandothersubnationalauthorities,localcommunitiesandindigenouspeoples,areencouragedtoscaleuptheiractionsandprovidefurtheropportunitiesforPartiestoreduceemissionsand/ortodecreasevulnerabilityandbuildresiliencetotheadverseeffectsofclimatechange,withoutprejudicetotheprovisionsoftheConvention;Option2:Noprovisiononnon-stateactors.12.Option1:Partiestocooperate,includingthroughregionalapproaches,bilateral,multilateral,triangular/South–Southandtriangularcooperation,andtotakeappropriatemeasurestodevelop,adoptandimplementpolicies,strategies,regulationsand/oractionplansonclimatechangeeducation,training,publicawareness,publicparticipationandpublicaccesstoinformationatalllevelstoenabletransformativechangetowardslow-emissionandclimate-resilientsocieties;Option2:InadditiontotheexistingcommitmentsunderandprovisionsoftheConvention,Partiestocooperateandtakeappropriatemeasurestodevelop,adoptandimplementpolicies,strategies,regulationsand/oractionplansonclimatechangeeducation,training,publicawareness,publicparticipationandpublicaccesstoinformationsoastoenhanceactionaddressingclimatechange;Option3:Partiestocooperate,includingthroughregional,bilateralandmultilateralapproaches.StructuralsuggestionsonsectionC:NoneedforageneralsectionMoveparagraphs5and8tothemitigationsectionParagraphs3,5,6,7,8,10,11and12areorshouldbeaddressedelsewhereAddresscontentofparagraph11inaCOPdecisionorapreambularrecitalD.MitigationLong-termandglobalaspectsofmitigation13.13.1Option1:AllParties,inaccordancewithArticle4andtheircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilitiesandonthebasisofequity,toenhancemitigationambitionandcooperatewithaviewtoachievingthelong-termemissionreductions,inthecontextofArticle2oftheConvention,consistentwithlimitingtheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasetobelow2°Cor1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevelsandinthecontextofequitableaccesstosustainabledevelopment;Option2:AllPartiestomakeeffortsandcooperateonenhancingmitigationambitiontoensurethattheaggregatelevelofmitigationcommitments/contributionsincreasesovertime,soastoachievethelong-termemissionreductions,inthecontextofArticle2oftheConvention,consistentwithlimitingtheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasetobelow2°Cor1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevels;Option3:Partiestomakeeffortsandcooperatetostabilizegreenhousegasconcentrationsintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclimatesystem,inaccordancewiththesharedvisionresultingfromtheBaliActionPlan,includingholdingtheincreaseinglobalaveragetemperaturebelow2°Cor1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevelsinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment,withdevelopedcountryPartiestakingtheleadbyundertakingambitiousemissionreductionsandprovidingfinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupporttodevelopingcountryParties.3Seeparagraphs31,33,38,57.1,62.1,92.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-018201113.2Parties’effortstotaketheformof:a.Along-termzeroemissionssustainabledevelopmentpathway:Consistentwithcarbonneutrality/netzeroemissionsby2050,orfulldecarbonizationby2050and/ornegativeemissionsby2100;Consistentwithscienceandthefindingsofthe/IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)(e.g.40–70percentbelow2010levelsby2050)inaccordancewithhistoricalresponsibilities,capabilities,andthestateofdevelopment,whileaddressingvulnerabilitiesandinacooperativemanner;Consistentwithaglobalreductionofgreenhousegasemissionsofatleast50percentby2050comparedwiththelevelsin1990andacontinueddeclineinemissionsthereafter,inthecontextofequitableaccesstosustainabledevelopmentandaglobalcarbonbudget;Consistentwithemissionspeakingfordevelopedcountriesin2015,withanaimofzeronetemissionsby2050;inthecontextofequitableaccesstosustainabledevelopment;Consistentwithapeakingofglobalgreenhousegasemissionsassoonaspossible,notingthatthetimeframeforpeakingmaybelongerindevelopingcountries,inthecontextofequitableaccesstosustainabledevelopment.b.AglobalemissionbudgettobedividedamongallPartiesaccordingtotheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,soastolimitglobalwarminginthiscenturytobelow1.5°CaccordingtotheIPCCassessment.Thedistributionoftheglobalemissionbudgetshouldbeundertakeninaccordancewithhistoricalresponsibilities,ecologicalfootprint,capabilities,andstateofdevelopment;c.Stabilizationoftheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphereatorbelow350ppmofCO2equivalent(CO2eq)inthecontextofequitableaccesstosustainabledevelopment;d.Adeviationfrombusinessasusual;e.Low-emissiondevelopmentstrategies.14.Anyagreedlong-termobjectiveshallbeinthecontextofatimeframesufficienttoallowecosystemstoadaptnaturallytoclimatechange,toensurethatfoodproductionisnotthreatenedandtoenableeconomicdevelopmenttoproceedinsustainablemanner,andshallalsotakeintoaccountvulnerabilitiesandmanagingtransitioninasustainablemanner.Commitments/contributions/actionsonmitigation15.Option1:InaccordancewithArticle4oftheConvention,allPartiestoprogressivelyenhancethelevelofambitionoftheirmitigationcommitments/contributions/actionssuchthateachcommitment/contribution/actionisofatype,scope,scaleandcoveragemore/nolessambitiousthanthosepreviouslyundertakenunderthisagreementortheConventionoritsKyotoProtocol;Option2:DevelopedcountryPartiestoprogressivelyenhancethelevelofambitionoftheirmitigationcommitments/contributionssuchthateachcommitment/contributionisofatype,scope,scaleandcoveragemore/nolessambitiousthanthosepreviouslyundertakenunderthisagreementortheConventionoritsKyotoProtocol;Option3:AllPartiestoprogressivelyenhancethelevelofambitionoftheirmitigationcommitments/contributionssuchthatthescaleandcoverageismore/nolessambitiousthanthosepreviouslyundertakenunderthisagreementortheConventionoritsKyotoProtocol;Option4:AllParties,takingintoaccounttheircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandtheirspecificnationalandregionaldevelopmentpriorities,objectivesandcircumstances,toformulate,implement,publishandregularlyupdateprogrammescontainingmeasurestomitigateclimatechangeinordertoenhancetheirlevelofambitionafter2020.16.Option1:InaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheConventionanditsArticle4,eachPartytoprepare,communicateandimplementsuccessivenationallydeterminedmitigationcommitments/contributions/actions,whichareto:Option2:EachPartytocommunicateandimplementsuccessivemitigationcommitments/contributions/,whichareto:Option3:PartiestopreparedifferentiatedmitigationcommitmentsfordevelopedanddevelopingcountryParties,withdevelopedcountryPartiestotaketheleadanddevelopingcountryPartiestobeprovidedflexibility,whichareto:FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.112GE.15-0182016.1Option1:Bequantifiedorquantifiable,whichcanbeaggregated,andwhicharetransparent,comparableand/orverifiable;Option2:Bequantifiedorquantifiableandwhichshallconsiderafairandequitabledistributionoftheglobalemissionbudgetaccordingtoacompoundindexofcountries’participationinsuchabudget,andwhicharetransparent,comparableand/orverifiable;Option3:Bequantified,whichcanbeaggregated,andwhicharecomparable,measurable,reportableandverifiablefordevelopedcountryParties,withthetype,scope,scaleandcoveragemoreambitiousthanthoseundertakenundertheConventionanditsKyotoProtocolduringthepre-2020period.Bequantified,quantifiableorqualifiedinameasurable,reportableandverifiablemannerfordevelopingcountryParties,basedontheirnationallyappropriatemitigationactions(NAMAs)undertheBaliActionPlan;16.2Beaccompaniedbyinformationaimedatenhancingtheclarity,transparencyandunderstandingofthesecommitments/contributions/actions;16.3Option1:Includeanindicativelong-termtrajectoryconsistentwithparagraph13above;WithdevelopedcountryPartiestotaketheleadandmakeanadequateandequitablecontributiontoachievetheultimateobjectiveoftheConventionassetoutinitsArticle2.DevelopingcountryPartiesmayneedflexibilityinindicatingsuchlong-termtrajectories;Option2:FordevelopedcountryPartiestoincludeanindicativelong-termtrajectory;FordevelopingcountryPartiestobeencouragedtodevelopalong-termgreenandlow-carbondevelopmentstrategy,planorprogramme,asappropriate;16.4Option1:Bebasedonnationalcircumstancesandcapacities;Option2:Bebasedonthefollowing:a.Commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,equityandnationalcircumstancesandcapacities;b.Partiestoincludeoneofthefollowingoptions,inaccordancewiththeircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities,nationalcircumstances,developmentlevelsandcapabilities,whilerecognizingthattheemissionsofdevelopingcountrieswillgrowtomeettheirsocialanddevelopmentneeds:(i)aquantified,economy-wide,absoluteemissionlimitationorreductiontargetinrelationtoabaselineyear;(ii)aquantified,economy-wideemissionlimitationorreductiontargetrelativetoaprojectionofitsemissions(iii)aquantified,economy-wideemissionlimitationorreductiontargetrelativetounitofGDPinrelationtoapreviousyear;(iv)aquantified,economy-wideemissionlimitationandreductiontargetpercapita;(v)non-economy-wideactions:DevelopedcountryPartiestotaketheleadinaccordancewithArticle3,paragraph1,andArticle4,paragraph2,oftheConventionthroughquantifiedeconomy-wide,absoluteemissionreductiontargets/commitments;DevelopingcountryParties,whichhavebeenprovidedwithmeansofimplementation,toprepare,communicateandimplementadiversityofenhancednetmitigationcommitments/contributions/actionsinaccordancewithArticle3,paragraph1,oftheConventionandinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment,rangingfromeconomy-wideabsolutelimitsonemissions,relativeemissionreductions,intensitytargets,nationallyappropriatemitigationactions,low-emissiondevelopmentplansandstrategies,sectoralmitigationplansandstrategies/takingintoconsiderationparagraphXabove;DevelopingcountryPartiestotakeadiversityofnationallydeterminedactionsinaccordancewiththeirspecificneedsandspecialcircumstancesasstatedinArticle3,paragraph2,oftheConvention,includingnetavoidedemissions,oralsomanifestedasadaptationco-benefits,whereappropriate;DevelopingcountryPartiestopreparetheiractionsinaccordancewithArticle3,paragraph1,oftheConventionandtheircircumstancesandcapacities,throughnationallyappropriatemitigationactions,subjecttotheprovisionofmeansofimplementationandinaccordancewithArticle4,paragraph7,oftheConvention;Majoreconomiestotakeonquantifiedeconomy-wideemissionreductiontargets/commitments;PartiesnotincludedinAnnexItotheConvention(non-AnnexIParties)thatareinapositiontodosototakeonquantifiedeconomy-wideemissionreductiontargets/commitments;AllPartiestotakeonquantifiedeconomy-wideemissionreductiontargets/commitmentsatsomepointinthefutureinaccordancewiththeirnationalcircumstances,developmentlevelsandcapabilities;LDCstoimplementnon-economywideactionsandareencouragedtodevelopandimplementlow-emissiondevelopmentstrategies;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182013ForallPartiesonthebasisofcategoriesthatareupdatedovertimebasedonevolvingemissionsandeconomictrends.16.5Option1:Mitigationcommitments/contributions/actionsofallPartiestobecommunicatedandimplementedwithoutconditions;Option2:Mitigationcommitments/contributions/actionsofdevelopedcountryPartiestobecommunicatedandimplementedwithoutconditions;Option3:EachPartytocommunicatecommitments/contributions/actionsspecifyinganunconditionalportionandmayalsoincludeaconditionalone;Option4:Mitigationcommitments/contributions/actionsofdevelopingcountryPartiestobeprepared,communicatedandimplementedsubjecttotheprovisionoffinance,technologydevelopmentandtransfer,andcapacity-building.DevelopingcountryPartiesmayspecifyadditionalenhancedlevelsofmitigationcommitments/contributionsaccordingtodifferentlevelsofenhancedsupportbydevelopedcountryParties.17.AllPartiestomaintaincommitments/contributions/actionsatalltimes.18.Option1:Parties’proposedmitigationcommitments/contributions/actionstobecommunicatedandconsideredaswellasformalized/finalizedandreviewedinaccordancewithsectionKbelow;Option2:Parties’mitigationcommitments/contributions/actionsshouldbecommunicatedandimplementedinaccordancewithArticle12oftheConventionandthroughrelevantarrangementsbasedontheagreedoutcomepursuanttotheBaliActionPlan.Parties’mitigationcommitments/contributionsreflectedintwoattachmentstotheagreement,onefordevelopedandonefordevelopingcountryParties.OneisacommontabularformatfordevelopedcountryPartiesandtheotheracompilationofcommunicationsfordevelopingcountryParties;Option3:Uponjoiningtheagreement,allPartiestosubmitaschedulereflectingthenationallydeterminedcontributiontheyintendtoimplement.Partiestomaintainschedulethereafter.19.Partiesmayprepare,communicateandimplementmitigationcommitments/contributions/actionjointlyinaccordancewithdecisionstobeadoptedbythegoverningbodyandtakingintoaccountanyarrangementsdevelopedunderparagraph92.20.Option1:Thesecretariattokeepandupdateaccordinglyanonlineregistryofnationalmitigationtargets,andactions;registrytobeintegralpartoftheagreement;Option2:ThesecretariattomaintainalistoftheschedulesofPartiesinaninformationdocumentthatismadeavailableonline.21.AllPartiestodeveloplowemissionstrategies.22.AllPartiestotakeintoaccountjointmitigationandadaptationapproachesfortheintegralandsustainablemanagementofforests.23.Inmeetingtheircommitments/contributions/actions,Partiesmaymakeuseofmarketmechanismsandactionsintheland-usesectorinaccordancewithX.23.1Theuseofmarketmechanismsisto:a.Mobilizethewidestrangeofpotentialinvestmentsforadaptationandmitigation;b.Createincentivesforearlyaction;c.Incentivizeandcoordinateeffectivemitigationandadaptationactionfromthebroadestrangeofactors,includingtheprivatesector,tosupporttheimplementationofthisagreement;d.Ensureconsistencywithindividualcommitments/contributions;e.BeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsontransparentaccountingascontainedinsectionJ(Transparencyofactionandsupport),inparticulartoavoiddoublecounting.23.2Theuseofmarketmechanismsshallbesupplementarytodomesticaction.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.114GE.15-01820Institutionalarrangements24.Option1:Partiestoanalyseandgivefullconsiderationtowhatactionsarenecessarytomeettheneedsarisingfromtheimpactsoftheimplementationofresponsemeasuresrelatedtothemitigationcommitmentstakenon,particularlythespecificneedsandconcernsofdevelopingcountryParties;Option2:Strengthenexistingarrangementsbyestablishingacooperativemechanism(platform)undertheConventiontomanagethetransitiontolowgreenhousegaspathways,whichwouldidentifyandthenmeasuretheimpacts,andwhichwoulduseexistingtoolsasmuchaspossibleandfurtherdeveloptoolstoaddressidentifiedgapsandensuretheiroperationalization:Option(a):Thegoverningbodyshalldevelopandadoptmodalitiesfor:a.Aninternational/cooperativemechanismundertheConventiontomanagethetransitiontolowGHGpathwaysthatwouldidentifyandthenmeasuretheimpacts,andwhichwoulduseexistingtoolsasmuchaspossibleanddevelopfurthertoolstoaddressidentifiedgapsandensuretheiroperationalization:Ano-incidencearrangementtobeincludedtosafeguardeconomicdevelopmentindevelopingcountries;InaccordancewithArticle4,paragraphs8–10,oftheConvention.b.Aninternationalinstitution;c.ApermanentforumundertheSubsidiaryBodyforScientificandTechnologicalAdvice(SBSTA).Option(b):Nonewarrangementsforresponsemeasureswithinthisagreement.StructuralsuggestionsonsectionD:Accountingrules:Option1:MoveprovisionsonaccountingrulesfromsectionJ(transparency)intothissection;Option2:RetainprovisionsonaccountingrulesinsectionJ.Timeframeandsteps:Option1:MoveprovisionsfromsectionKintothissection;Option2:RetainprovisionsinsectionK.E.AdaptationandlossanddamageAdaptationLong-termandglobalaspectsofadaptation25.Option1:AllPartiesinaccordancewiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,itsArticle4andtheircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities,andpreviousdecisionsoftheConferenceoftheParties(COP)tocommittocooperatetoadapttotheadverseeffectsofclimatechange,ensureresilienceandprotectcitizensandecosystemsinthecontextofthelong-termtemperaturelimitandtoachievesustainabledevelopment,whilerecognizingthelocal,nationalandtransboundarydimensionsofadaptation:25.1All/DevelopedcountryPartiestoundertakethestepsnecessarytoensurethatthelevelofsupportmeetstheneedsforadaptationindevelopingcountriesinthecontextofthelong-termtemperaturelimit:RequesttotheSBSTAtodevelopmethodologiesforthispurpose;25.2AllPartiescommittoincreaseeffortstoadapttoclimatechangeimpacts,reducevulnerabilityandincreaseresilienceinthecontextoftheactualincreaseinglobalmeantemperature,takingintoaccounttherelationshipbetweenmitigationambition,associatedclimatechangeimpacts,andconsequentadaptationneeds,costs,andco-benefits.Option2:DevelopedcountyPartiescommittoenhancesupporttodevelopingcountryPartiesintermsoffinance,technology,andcapacity-building,andtoenabledevelopingcountriestoenhancetheiradaptationactionssoastoensuretheirresilience;Option3:Establishaglobalgoalforadaptation;Option4:Noglobalgoalforadaptation;Option5:Establishuniversalindividualcommitments/actions.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182015Commitments/contributions/actions/CommitmentsunderArticle4oftheConventiononadaptation26.Option1:EachParty/DevelopingcountryPartiestoprepareandimplementadaptationcommitments/contributions/actionsunderArticle4oftheConventionbyintegrating/integrateadaptationwithinnationaldevelopmentplanning,mainstreamadaptationintonationalpolicies,undertakeanationaladaptationplan(NAP)process,andstrengthengovernanceandenablingenvironmentssubjecttomodalitiesandprocedurestobedevelopedandadoptedbythegoverningbody:26.1Commitments/contributions/actions/commitmentsunderArticle4oftheConventionshouldbecountry-driven,gender-sensitive,participatory,andfullytransparent,takeintoaccountvulnerablegroupsandecosystems,bebasedonscienceandtraditionalandindigenousknowledge,andpromotetheengagementofsubnationalandlocalauthoritiesandotherstakeholders;26.2DevelopedcountryParties’commitments/contributions/actionsunderArticle4oftheConventiontobeinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheConvention,reflecting/andreflecttheirobligationtosupportadaptationindevelopingcountriesinaccordancewithrealizabletemperaturescenarios,inparticularinSIDSandtheLDCs./Developedcountriestoensuretheprovisionofnewandadditional,adequateandpredictablefinancialresourcesandthetransferoftechnologyandcapacity-buildingtomeetthecostsindevelopingcountriesofaddressingtheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeandtoenabledevelopingcountriestoenhancetheiractionstoadapttoclimatechangesothatdevelopingcountriesmayachievesustainabledevelopment;26.3DevelopedcountriescommittoprovideatleastUSD50billionperyearduringtheperiodfrom2020to2025,atleastUSD100billionperyearby2020foradaptationactivitiesofdevelopingcountries,inordertofulfiltheobligationsunderArticle4,paragraphs4,5,8,and9,oftheConvention;26.4Developedcountriesshouldformulateadaptationsupportplans,includingoverallobjectives,milestones,andsourcesoffinanceforsupportingadaptationactionsindevelopingcountriesintermsoffinance,technology,andcapacity-buildingtoaddresstheurgentneedsofdevelopingcountriesandensurelong-termsupport;26.5DevelopingcountryParties’adaptationcommitments/contributions/actionsto:a.BeinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheConvention;b.Includeeconomicdiversification;c.EncouragedevelopingcountryPartiestoshowcasetheireffortsandneedsandtohelptorecognizenationaleffortsconsistentwiththelong-termtemperaturelimit;d.Besupportedbypredictable,grant-based,long-term,additionalandmeasurablefinance,technology,andcapacity-buildingsupportfromdevelopedcountryParties,PartiesincludedinAnnexIItotheConvention(AnnexIIParties),and/orallPartiesinapositiontodoso;e.NotimposeadditionalburdensorreportingrequirementsondevelopingcountryParties,inparticularonSIDSandtheLDCs;f.BuildonadaptationmechanismsandprocessesundertheConvention,includingnationaladaptationplans(NAPs)andnationaladaptationprogrammesofaction,andexistingarrangementsforfinance.Alldevelopingcountriesarenotinthepositiontomakefinancialcommitmentsorcontributionstoanyinstitutionalorinternationalmechanisms.Adaptationinvestmentsbydevelopingcountriesshouldberecognizedastheircontributionstotheglobalefforttorespondtoclimatechange.26.6Option(a):Commitments/contributions/actionstobeconsistentwith/informedbytheNAPprocesssubjecttomodalitiesandprocedurestobedevelopedandadoptedbythegoverningbody:a.NAPsprovidethebasisforallcountriestoassessvulnerabilitiesandidentifyandimplementadaptationmeasures;b.NAPstogobeyondplanningandmainstreaming/intoconcreteactionsontheground/implementation/integratingbydefiningmodalitiesforsupportandimplementation;c.EnsurethattheNAPprocessisundertakeninallinteresteddevelopingcountries,inparticularinSIDSandtheLDCs,andinAfrica;d.TheprovisionofsupportforNAPstobuildonprogressmadebytheLeastDevelopedCountriesFund(LDCF),theSpecialClimateChangeFund(SCCF),theGreenClimateFund(GCF),theAdaptationFund,theLeastDevelopedCountriesExpertGroup,theAdaptationCommitteeandmultilateralandbilateralorganizationsandagencies.Option(b):Parties,throughtheNAPprocess,tostriveinthemediumandlongtermtoreducevulnerabilitytotheimpactsofclimatechangeandfacilitatetheintegrationofclimatechangeadaptation,inacoherentFCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.116GE.15-01820manner,intorelevantnewandexistingpolicies,programsandactivities,inparticularnationaldevelopmentplanningprocessesandstrategies.Nationaladaptationplanningprocessesshouldnotbemandatoryorprescriptivenorresultintheduplicationofeffortsundertaken,butshouldratherfacilitatecountry-owned,country-drivenaction.Option2:Partiesundertakenationaladaptationplanningprocesses,withaviewtointegratingclimateresilienceintonationallevelplanningandactioninordertoreducevulnerability,andtostrengthengovernanceandenablingenvironments.AllPartiesshouldtakeadaptationactions.ThosePartieswithlimitedcapacitiesrequiresupportfromthosecountriesinapositiontoprovidesuchsupport.27.Partiestocommunicatetheircommitments/contributions/actions/commitmentsunderArticle4oftheConvention/adaptationpriorities/support/levelofsupportneedsthroughtheintendednationallydeterminedcontribution(INDC)process,inaccordancewiththemodalitiesandprocedurestobedevelopedandadoptedbythegoverningbody/progressinenhancingadaptationactionorintegratingadaptationintoplanning,policiesoractionthroughbiennialcommunications:27.1Nationalcommunicationsandbiennialupdatereportsandbiennialreportstobethemainvehicleforreportingactions,andsupportandtobestrengthened;27.2Thegoverningbodyshalladoptfurtherguidanceonreportingonadaptationandfurtherfacilitating/mayfacilitatethesharingofinformationonprogressandexperiencesinpreparingandimplementingadaptationactions;27.3Thegoverningbodyshall/maydevelopastructureddialoguetoenhancecommunicationofinformationonadaptation,inaccordancewithcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities.Developedcountriestoenhancereportingonsupport.28.PartiestotakeintoaccountjointmitigationandadaptationapproachesreferredtoinsectionD,paragraph22.Monitoringandevaluation/MonitoringandevaluationforAnnexIIParties29.Option1:Monitoringandevaluationof,reportingon,andlearningfromplans,policiesandprogrammesshallbestrengthenedand/orinstitutionalized:a.Strengthenandimproveclimate-relatedresearchandsystematicobservationandprovideenhancedsupport;b.Considerindicatorsforgovernanceandplanning;c.Monitorgapsinadaptationandneedsunderdifferentscenarios;d.Monitoringandevaluationtofocusontheprovisionandadequacyofsupport.Option2:Monitoringandreportingshouldbeonprogressandexperiences,lessonslearned,goodpractices,andongapsandopportunitiesmorebroadly;Option3:Monitoringandevaluation,includingreportingandlearningfromplans,policiesandprogrammesshouldbeacountry-drivenandcountry-specificprocessthatwouldnotimposeanyadditionalburdenondevelopingcountryParties;developedcountryPartiesshouldsupportdevelopingcountryPartiestostrengthenandimplementclimate-relatedresearchandsystematicobservation,andshouldprovideenhancedsupportandmonitorgapsinadaptationandneedsunderdifferentscenarios.Sharinginformation,knowledgeandlessonslearned30.AllPartiestoenhancelearningonadaptationthroughsharingofinformation,knowledgeandlessonslearnedonadaptationpractices,subjecttomodalitiesandprocedurestobeadopted/developed:30.1ThegoverningbodyshallrequesttheSBSTA/AdaptationCommitteetodevelopguidelinesforstrengtheningthesharingofinformation,knowledgeandlessonslearnedundertheNairobiworkprogrammeonimpacts,vulnerabilityandadaptationtoclimatechange:a.Addresstheknowledgegapintheareaofimplementationofadaptation;b.Strengthenlocalandinstitutionalcapacity;c.Enhanceregionalandtransboundaryaspects;d.EncourageallPartiestoimplementeducationandpublicawarenessprogrammesinaccordancewithparagraph12.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182017Institutionalarrangements31.Option1:DevelopedcountryPartiesandAnnexIIPartiesand/orallPartiesinapositiontodosotoensuretheeffectiveimplementationofarrangementsforadaptationthroughtheprovisionofsufficientadequate,predictable,transparentandadditionalsupporttodevelopingcountryPartiesinthecontextofArticle4,paragraphs3–5and7oftheConvention:Option2:Institutionalarrangementsonadaptation/relevanttoadaptation,includingtheAdaptationCommitteeandtheLeastDevelopedCountriesExpertGroup,andtolossanddamageundertheConventionshallservethisagreementandsupportPartiesintheimplementationoftheiradaptationcommitments/contributions/actionsunderthisagreement:31.1ThegoverningbodyshallrequesttheAdaptationCommitteeto:a.ReviewtheworkoftheinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionin2017toensureandenhancethecoherenceoftheirwork,andpreparerecommendationsforconsiderationatCOP23and/orthegoverningbody;b.EstablishandmaintainstrongerlinkageswiththeGCFandotherfunds;c.Evaluateinformationonsupportforadaptation;d.Providerecommendationsonexistingmethodologiesforadaptation.31.2Thegoverningbodyshallstrengtheninstitutionalarrangementsforadaptationby:a.ProvidingfurtherguidanceonhowtoassistdevelopingcountryPartiestomovetofull-scaleimplementationonthebasisoftheirNAPs;b.Articulatinglinkagesbetween,andenhancingtheintegratedoperationof,institutionsand/oroptimizingassistanceforcommitments/contributionsonadaptationtoensurethattheexistinginstitutionssuchastheAdaptationCommittee,theTechnologyExecutiveCommittee(TEC),theStandingCommitteeonFinance(SCF),andtheGCFareenhancedandtosupportadaptationactionsofdevelopingcountries;c.Encouragingtheestablishmentofregionaladaptationcentresinmajorregionstohelptolocalizesupport,conductresearch,exchangeknowledgeandprovidetrainingforgovernments.31.3Thegoverningbodyshallfurtherstrengtheninstitutionalarrangementsforadaptationby:Option1:Establishingnewinstitutionalarrangements:a.Asubsidiarybodyforadaptationtoenhancetheimplementationofadaptationaction;b.Anadaptationregistrythat:Recordsandshowcasesand/orrecognizesnationaladaptationactions,contributions,andprogrammes;Enhancescooperationonfinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupport;PoolsinformationontheworkofinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionandmakesthatinformationaccessibletoParties;Monitorsandidentifiesprogressandgapsinadaptationfromaglobalperspective.c.Aninternationalclearinghouseandregistrythat:ActsastherepositoryforNAPs,adaptationmethods,arosterofadaptationexperts,biennialadaptationsupportreports,andforinformationontechnologyandcapacity-buildingforadaptation;d.Anadaptationtechnicalandknowledgeplatformthatworkson,interalia:Methodologies,metricsandindicators;Modellingofclimatechangescenariosandimpacts;Enhancingunderstandingofglobalimplicationsofadaptation.e.Aglobalknowledgeplatformthatworkson,interalia:Data,information,andlessonslearnedonadaptation.Option2:Nonewinstitutionalarrangementsonadaptationarerequiredforthepurposesofthisagreement.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.118GE.15-01820Lossanddamage32.Option1:Provisionforlossanddamageforcaseswheremitigationandadaptationwillnotbesufficient:32.1AllPartiesareencouragedtodevelopearlywarningsystemsandriskmanagementplans,andcommunicatethemtothesecretariatby[X]aspartoftheirnationalcommunications,inaccordancewiththemodalitiesandprocedurestobedevelopedandadoptedbythegoverningbody;32.2ThegoverningbodyshallcommenceaprocessnolaterthanatitsfirstmeetingtoestablishacompensationregimeforsupportfordevelopingcountryParties,particularlytheLDCs,SIDSandcountriesinAfricaaffectedbyslowonsetevents.Option2:ReferencetotheWarsawInternationalMechanismforLossandDamageassociatedwithClimateChangeImpacts;Option3:Noreferencetolossanddamage.33.Option1:TheWarsawInternationalMechanismshallservethisagreementandbefullyoperationalized,withmodalitiesandprocedurestobedevelopedandadoptedbythegoverningbody:33.1DevelopedcountryPartiesand/orAnnexIIPartiesand/orallPartiesinapositiontodosotosupporttheimplementationoftheWarsawInternationalMechanismthroughprovisionoffinance;33.2Guidelinesforacomprehensiveapproachtoclimateriskmanagementtobedeveloped;33.3InstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionshallbestrengthenedtosupporttheimplementationofthecommitmentsrelatedtolossanddamageunderthisagreement:a.Provisionsforestablishingaclimatechangedisplacementcoordinationfacilitythat:Providessupportforemergencyrelief;Assistsinprovidingorganizedmigrationandplannedrelocation;Undertakescompensationmeasures.b.Provisionsforestablishingaclearinghouseforrisktransferthat:Providesarepositoryforinformationoninsuranceandrisktransfer;AssistsPartiesindevelopingriskmanagementstrategiesandfindingbestinsuranceschemes;Facilitatesfinancialsupportforrehabilitation.Option2:Nonewinstitutionalarrangementsonlossanddamagearerequiredforthepurposesofthisagreement.TheWarsawInternationalMechanismtobestrengthenedseparatelyfromtheagreement/issufficient.StructuralsuggestionsonsectionE:Moveparagraph25intoacommonchapterrelatingtoinstitutions.Includeparagraph25inadecision.Moveparagraph25.1intothefinancechapter.Moveparagraphs26and27intoacommonchapterrelatingtocommitments.Coordinateparagraphs26and27withsectionK.Includeparagraphs29(a–d)inadecision.Reflectparagraphs25to27intheagreementtextandparagraphs29to31inadecision.Mergeparagraph30withparagraph31oninstitutions.Includeparagraph30intoadecision.Lossanddamageshouldbeaseparateelement.F.CooperationandsupportforimplementationNote:Paragraphsinthissectionrelevanttomitigationhavebeenintegratedinthemitigationsection.Paragraphsinthissectionrelevanttofinancehavebeenintegratedinthefinancesection.ParagraphsinthissectionrelevanttoinstitutionalarrangementshavebeenintegratedinsectionM(subsectiononinstitutionalarrangements).FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182019G.FinanceGuidingprinciples34.Option1:AlldevelopedcountryPartiesandotherPartiesincludedinAnnexIItoprovideclimatefinanceasameanstomeetthegoalofstayingbelowthe2°Ctemperatureincreaseandtoachievethetransformationrequiredtothatendandinlinewiththeneedsofdevelopingcountries,inaccordancewiththeirobligationsandcommitmentsunderArticles4,paragraphs3–5and7–9,oftheConvention,theprinciplesundertheConvention,inparticulartheprinciplesofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilitiesandequity,notingthattheextenttowhichdevelopingcountryPartieswilleffectivelyimplementtheircommitmentswilldependontheeffectiveimplementationbydevelopedcountryPartiesoftheircommitmentsrelatedtofinancialresources,transferoftechnologyandcapacity-building,acknowledgingthattheneedforsupportbydevelopingcountryPartiesmaychangeovertimeandbeaccommodatedunderArticle4,paragraph7,oftheConvention,andacknowledgingtheneedforfinancingforforestryinlinewiththeWarsawFrameworkforREDD-plus;Option2:EachParty/AllPartiesindividuallyorcollectivelytomobilizeclimatefinancethroughadiversityofactionsfromavarietyofsourcesasameanstostaybelowthelong-termtemperaturelimitandtoachievethetransformationrequiredtothatend,accordingtoandinlinewiththeirrespectiveandevolvingresponsibilitiesandcapabilities/theprinciplesandobjectivesoftheConvention,acknowledgingtheimportanceofleadershiptobetakenbydevelopedcountryParties,acknowledgingthatsomePartiesneedsupportinordertotakeaction,andacknowledgingthattheneedforsupportbyPartiesmaychangeovertimeorbemetwithdifferentmeansofsupport/allPartiesinapositiontodososhouldprovidefinancialsupporttoPartiesinneedofsupport;acknowledgingtheneedforclimate-resilienteconomiesandsocieties.35.35.1Themobilizationandprovisionoffinanceshall:a.Deliveradequateandpredictablefundingforthefullandenhancedimplementationoftheagreement,enhanceaddressingclimatechangeaspartofpromotingsustainabledevelopment,inparticularindevelopingcountries,includingthroughenablingenhancedmitigationandadaptationactions;b.Encouragelow-emissiongrowth,reductionsinhigh-carboninvestment,andadaptationneedsofdevelopingcountries,andclimate-resilientdevelopment;c.Supporttheintegrationofclimateobjectivesintootherpolicy-relevantareasandactivitiessuchasenergy,agriculture,planningandtransport,nationalfiscalaccounts,developmentpolicyandplansinlinewithcountrycircumstancesandaccordingtocountries’priorities;d.Promotecontinuouseffortsto‘climate-proof’investments,includingrelevantinternationalpublicfinanceflows;e.Enhanceaddressingclimatechangeinadditiontothecoordinationofdevelopmentaid,acknowledgingthatclimatefinanceistobeseparatefromofficialdevelopmentaid;f.Encouragepolicysignalsbygovernments/catalysepolicyactionsbygovernmentsandadjustmentorimprovementofpolicies;g.Deliveradditionaladequateandpredictablefundingforadaptation,inparticularfortheimplementationoftheCancunAdaptationFramework,forbuildinginstitutionalcapacityandappropriatelegalframeworks,integratingadaptationintonationaldevelopmentpolicies,andformonitoringandevaluationprocesses;h.Advancetheimplementation/fulfilmentofcommitmentsbydevelopedcountryPartiesintermsoffinance,technologytransferandcapacity-buildingtoenabledevelopingcountryPartiestoimplementpolicies,strategies,regulationsandactionplansonclimatechangeeducation,training,publicawareness,publicparticipationandpublicaccesstoinformationandthusenableeffectiveadaptationandmitigationactionbyallParties;i.FacilitateassistancetodevelopingcountryPartiesforreadinesssupport./Supportreadinessforimplementation/implementingclimateactions.35.2Parties/DevelopedcountryPartiesandotherPartiesincludedinAnnexIItomobilizeandprovidefinancialresourcesfortheenhancedimplementationoftheConventionunderthisagreement,inorderto/inamannerthat:a.Option1:Ensuresanequalallocationoffinancingbetweenadaptationandmitigation,ensuresanequitabledistributionbetweendifferentregionsofdevelopingcountriesandenhancescountryownershipinthedisbursementoffinancialresources;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.120GE.15-01820Option2:Aimsatabalancedapproachofa50:50allocationoffinancingforadaptationandmitigationwhilerecognizingtheimportanceoffinancingforadaptation;Option3:Prioritizesadaptation,withallfinancingforadaptationtobegrant-based/EncouragesPartiestoprioritizegrant-basedassistanceforadaptation,whilerecognizingtheimportanceoffinancingformitigation;b.Prioritizesdevelopingcountryneedsandidentifiedcountry-drivenplans,strategiesandprioritiesofallcountries,recognizingtheimportanceofenhancingnationalneedsassessments;c.Option1:Takesintoconsiderationtheneedforadequacyandpredictabilityintheflowsoffundsandtheneedforclarityofappropriateburden-sharingamongdevelopedcountries;Option2:Isnew,additional,adequate,predictableandsustainable,withinbudgetaryconstraints,andacknowledgestheneedforadequatefinancialflowsmobilizedfromavarietyofsources,publicandprivate,bilateralandmultilateral,includingalternativesources,inthecontextofmeaningfulmitigationactionandtransparencyofimplementation;d.Isflexibleandsystematicallyandregularlyscaledup/updated;e.Isresults-based/needs-basedanddeliversthegreatestimpactpossibleandtargetstheeffectivenessofmitigationandadaptationaction/mitigationandadaptationresultsthatcanbemeasured,reportedandverified;f.Avoidsduplication,allowsforflexibility,ensuresefficiencyandtransparencyandbuildsapartnershipamonggovernments,developmentpartnersandtheprivatesectortoinvestinalow-emissionandclimate-resilientfuture;g.EncouragesSouth–Southcooperationwhichisvoluntary,freeofmonitoringandcanbesupplementary/complementary,butnotsubstitutecommitmentsofPartiesincludedinAnnexItotheConventionwhileacknowledgingthatSouth–SouthcooperationisnotacommitmentofPartiesundertheConvention;h.Recognizesdevelopingcountries’/allParties’investmentsinsupportingtransformationalchangeaspartoftheircontributions;i.Applieslowerthresholdsforreceivingsupportforactions,withclear,transparentandquantifiabletargetsthatgobeyond‘businessasusual’;j.Iscapableofadaptingdynamicallytochangingrealitiesandfuturedevelopmentsandneeds,includinginrespecttoclimatefinance,inlinewiththeprovisionsandprinciplesoftheConvention,inparticulartheprincipleofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities/reflectingevolvingcapabilitiesandresponsibilities;k.Takesintoaccounttheurgentandimmediateneedsofdevelopingcountriesthatareparticularlyvulnerabletotheadverseeffectsofclimatechange/Prioritizesthespecificneedsandspecialcircumstancesofthemostparticularlyvulnerablecountries,includinglandlockedcountries,recognizingthespecialcircumstancesofLDCsandSIDS,givingprioritytocountrieswithleastcapabilitiesand/orensuringafairgeographicalallocationofresources,whileensuringthattheimportanceofprovidingsupporttootherdevelopingcountriesisinnowaydiminished;l.UsesthediversityofavailablechannelsandinstrumentsundertheConventionsoastolimittheproliferationoffinanceinordertoincreaseitsefficiencyandeffectivenessandencouragetheaccountabilityandtransparencyoftheUNFCCCintheprovisionoffinancialsupport,themobilizationofclimatefinanceandtheshifttowardsclimate-friendlyinvestments;m.Pursuesagender-sensitiveandcountry-drivenapproach;n.Targetsthedriversofclimatechange;o.EncouragesPartiestobuildeffectiveenablingenvironmentsandprovidesrecognitionoftheimportanceofimplementinglow-carbon,climate-resilientdevelopmentstrategiesandNAPs;p.EncouragesPartiestotakestepstoeliminatepublicincentivesforhigh-carboninvestments;q.RecognizesthatclimatefinanceflowsarenotlimitedtoflowsfromdevelopedtodevelopingcountryParties;r.Collectivelyexceedstheaggregateambitionofindividualcommitments/contributions;s.Developsandimprovesenablingenvironmentsfortheenhancedmobilizationofsupport;t.Isquantifiable,comparableandtransparent;u.Establisheslinksandbuildssynergiesbetweenmitigationandadaptationactions;v.Enhances/catalysesinternationalcooperativeinitiativesandrecognizestheircontributiontoassistingParties’implementationofthisagreement.36.AllPartiestocooperateintheimplementationofthisagreementinorderto:FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182021a.SupporttheenhancedambitionofallParties,throughtheprovisionofsupportfromAnnexIIPartiestodevelopingcountryParties;b.EnableParties’besteffortsbasedontheirrespectivecapabilities,fostercountryownershipandachievesustainabledevelopment.37.Effortsofsubnationalandlocalgovernments,subregionalentitiesandtheprivatesectortoberecognized.Anchoringinstitutionsunderthelegalagreement38.TheFinancialMechanismshallserveasthefinancialmechanismofthe2015agreement:a.TheGCFshallbethemainfinancialentityunderthenewagreementand/oranchoredinthenewagreementand/orstrengthened;b.TheSCFshallassistthegoverningbodyoftheagreement;c.Coordinationtobefurtherenhancedamongcontributorsandbetweeninstitutions.Option1:ThiswillalsoapplytotheoperatingentitiesoftheFinancialMechanismandfundsestablishedundertheConventionanditsKyotoProtocol.AlltherulesandguidelinesdevelopedbytheCOPandtheConferenceofthePartiesservingasthemeetingofthePartiestotheKyotoProtocolinrelationtotheoperationoftheFinancialMechanism,itsoperatingentitiesandassociatedfundsshallapplymutatismutandistothefinancialmechanismofthisagreement:a.TheGCFshallbestrengthened,includingregardingfunding,asfollows:AnnexIParties/DevelopedcountryPartiestoprovide1percentofgrossdomesticproductperyearfrom2020andadditionalfundsduringthepre-2020periodtotheGCF;AnnexIIPartiestoprovidealistofspecificamounts/percentagesreflectingtherequiredshareofclimatefinancetobeprovidedtotheGCF,subjecttoreview;AllcountriesinapositiontodosotoprovidefundingtotheGCF;FundingfortheGCFtobedrawnmainlyfrompublicsources.b.Otherfundingmechanismsservingtheagreementshallinclude:TheAdaptationFund:oTobepartofthepost-2015climatefinancearchitectureand/ortooperateunderthenewagreementundertheguidanceofthegoverningbodyinrelationtoactivitiesdevelopedundertheagreement;oTobeenhancedandincludedundertheGCFasanadaptationwindow,beinscribedinthenewclimateregimeanddefinedinthefinancingsphereoftheagreement;InstitutionalarrangementsforREDD-plusfinance;TheLDCF,toprovidesupporttotheLDCsforadaptationaction;TheSCCF,tobeanchoredintheagreement.Option2:Nofurtherprovisions.ProposalsfordecisionsrelatedtoanchoringinstitutionsundertheagreementClearrolesshouldbeagreedonthetwoexistingoperatingentitiesoftheFinancialMechanismoftheConventionandcoherenceshouldbeachievedinclimatefinancechannelledthroughotherfinancinginstitutions;TheCOPtobegiventheauthoritytoadjustinstitutionalsettings,totakedecisionsonconsolidatingandcoordinatinginstitutionsandprocesses,and/ortogiveguidancetotheoperationalentitiesasneeded,atalaterstage;Needforthesimplification,improvementandrationalizationofaccess,includingdirectaccess,especiallyfortheLDCsandSIDS;and/ortheharmonizationofapprovalandaccreditationprocessesbetweenvariouschannelsandinstitutionsleveragingpotentialnon-climate-specificfinancingmechanismsandinstitutions;and/ortheoperationofallfundsundertheConventiontobetransparent,competitiveandbasedonrules,withoperatingcriteriaunderpinningthoserulesthatarecompatiblewiththerequirementsofprivateinvestors,inordertoeffectivelystimulateco-investment;and/orinformationonhowalldisbursementsincludeprovisionsfor‘climateproofing’measures;TheFinancialMechanismmustcontinuetobemainsourceoffinancing;ThereplenishmentoftheFinancialMechanismanditsoperatingentitiestobelinkedtoIPCCscientificassessments;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.122GE.15-01820NeedtoestablishhowtheoperatingentitiesoftheFinancialMechanismwillworktoimplementthefinanceprovisionsofthenewagreementandhowthefinancialprovisionswillworkwithrespecttootherbodiesormechanismsundertheConvention;TheSCFshallassistthegoverningbodyofthisagreementandbefurtherstrengthened:oByenhancingitsworkoncoherenceandcoordinationandonrationalizingtheFinancialMechanism.RegardingtheGCF:oTheestablishmentof:awindowforREDD-plus;and/orforlossanddamage;oNeedfor:improvedandprioritizedaccessfortheLDCsandSIDSand/orarrangementsbetweenthematicbodiesoftheConventionandtheGCFtobestrengthened;oTheGCFtooperateundertheguidanceofthegoverningbodyinrelationtoactivitiesdevelopedunderthisagreement,and/ortosupportmitigationreadinessactivitiesindevelopingcountries,and/ortocapitalizeonitsknowledgeofexistingfundsandincreaseitsrolebyhelpingtofinancesomeofthepipelineprojectsofthosefunds;oThegoverningbodyofthisagreementto:explorefurtheroptionsforsimplifyingtheproceduresforaccessingfundsfromtheGCF;and/ordevelop,jointlywiththeCOP,specificadditionalmodalitiesfortheoperationoftheGCFwithrespecttoactivitiesdevelopedunderthisagreement.DecisiontoaddressadditionalrulesoftheFinancialMechanismandinstitutionsinsupportingtheimplementationofthelegalagreement,whereappropriate.Addressingthescaleofresources39.Climatefinancetobescaleduptoprovidethefinancing,accesstotechnologyandcapacity-buildingnecessarytomeetthegoaloflimitingthetemperatureincreasetobelow2°C,inlinewiththeneedsofdevelopingcountries.40.Theimportanceofprovidingclarityonthelevelofsupport,inparticularfinancialsupport,thatwillbeprovidedtodevelopingcountriestoallowfortheenhancedimplementationoftheConvention,inparticularwithregardtoadaptation,toberecognizedasacrucialelementincreatingthenecessaryconditionsfortheenhancedparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintheglobalefforttocombatclimatechangeandadapttoitsadverseeffects.41.Option1:TheprovisionoffinancetobebasedonafloorofUSD100billionperyear:a.Basedonanexanteprocesstocommitquantifiedsupportcommensuratewiththerequiredeffortreflectedintheadaptationandmitigationgoals/relativetotherequiredeffortandinlinewithdevelopingcountries’needs;b.Basedonclearburden-sharingarrangementsamongAnnexIIPartiestoidentifytheflowsoffinancialsupportfromdevelopedcountries,includingthroughtheapplicationofanassessedscaleofcontributionsfromdevelopedcountries;c.Includingaggregateandenhancedspecific/individualcommitments/contributionsbyAnnexIIParties,complementedbyotherPartiesinapositiontodoso;d.Basedonaroadmapwithannualtargetsforpublicfundinginthepost-2020periodorpathwayswithannualexpectedlevelsofclimatefinancetowardsachievingshort-termquantifiedgoals;e.BasedonanagreedpercentageformulaforthecalculationofthecontributionsofAnnexIPartiesanddifferentiateddevelopingcountrycontributionsbasedonGDPorotherindicators.Option2:Agreementnottospecifyindividual/quantifiedcommitments,quantifiedtargetsorspecificindicatorsforthepost-2020period.42.Ashort-termcollectivequantifiedgoalthatdefinestheexpected,scaled-upclimatefinancelevelforthepost-2020periodshouldbedeterminedinordertoenhancethepredictabilityoftheprovisionofclimatefinance,indicatingspecificlevelsofpublicsourcestobeprovided.Contributionsunderthelegalagreement43.Inthecontextofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,AnnexIIPartieshavetheprincipleandmainresponsibilityforprovidingsupport,includingfinancialresources,fortheenhancedimplementationoflow-emissionandclimate-resilientdevelopmentindevelopingcountries,whileensuringthesustainability,predictabilityandadditionalityoffinances.44.Thecontributionofresourcesunderthisagreementtoconsiderpredictablefinancialcontributionsbydevelopedcountrygovernments;increasingoptionsforleveragingagreatershareofthecarbonmarket-relatedproceeds,includingoptionsforcarbonpricingandraisingcontributionsviaalternativeandinnovativesourcesoffinance.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-018202345.AcollectivegoalforsupporttobeachievedbyallPartiesinordertotransitiontoaworldinwhichallinvestmentsaredirectedatresilientandlow-emissionactions,andwherefinance,technologytransferandcapacity-buildingthatpromotelow-emissionandresilientactionsprevail.46.Option1:Theenhancementofenablingenvironments,withrespectforcountries’nationalprerogativetochoosetheirdomesticclimatepolicies,tobeacommitmentofallParties,through:a.Enhancednationalregulatoryframeworks,includingpoliciesandmeasures;b.Thededicationofsufficientdomesticresourcesbycountriesseekingsupport;c.Puttinginplaceconditionstomobilize,attractandabsorbclimate-relatedinvestments;d.Theprovisionofapricesignalforemissionreductions,includingthroughpaymentsforverifiedemissionreductions.Option2:AgreementnottospecifytheenhancementofenablingenvironmentsasacommitmentorobligationofParties.47.Financingforadaptationtobeprovidedintheformofmultilateraland/orbilateralfinancing,includingvia:47.1Abalancedallocationbetweenadaptationandmitigation,ora50:50balancebetweenthesupportprovidedforadaptationandmitigation,oratleast50percentofsupporttobeprovidedforadaptationactivities;47.2Theuseofleviesforadaptationfundingfromanymarket-basedmechanisms;47.3Financialriskmanagementinstruments;47.4TheAdaptationFund,theLDCFandtheSCCF,andincludingthroughsupporttoenablethemobilizationofprivate-sectorfinancialflowsforadaptationinvestments,withtheGCFprovidingassuranceofsupportforcountries’adaptationefforts;47.5Option1:Diversesources,includingprivatesources,engagedintheprovisionoffinancingforadaptation,withpublicfinancetoconstitutethekeyinstrumentinincreasingsupportforadaptation:a.Identificationofsourcesandprioritizationofpublicfunding,aswellasincreaseofprivatesectorfinancialcontributionsforadaptation;b.EncouragetheInternationalCivilAviationOrganizationandtheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationtodevelopalevyschemetoprovidefinancialsupportfortheAdaptationFund.Option2:Publicsourcesprimarily,withsupplementaryfundingtobedrawnfromprivate/alternativesources.48.Support/Newandadditionalfinance,independentofadaptationbudgets,tobeprovidedforthefinancingandoperationalizationoftheWarsawInternationalMechanism.49.SupportprovidedtodevelopingcountryPartiesfortechnologydevelopmentandtransferandsupportprovidedtotheTechnologyMechanismtoensuretheeffectiveimplementationoftechnologytobechannelledprimarilythroughtheGCF/theoperatingentitiesoftheFinancialMechanism,takingintoaccounttherolesofthepublicandprivatesectorsinmobilizingfinancefortechnology/primarilyfrompublicsources,withsupplementaryfundingtobedrawnfromprivatesources.50.Fundingforcapacity-buildingaswellasmeasurestodevelop,adoptandimplementpolicies,strategies,regulationsand/oractionplansonclimatechangeeducation,training,publicawareness,publicparticipationandpublicaccesstoinformationindevelopingcountryParties:50.1TobeprovidedbydevelopedcountryPartiesandotherPartiesandorganizationsinapositiontodoso,inanadequateandpredictablemanner;50.2TobeprimarilychannelledthroughtheFinancialMechanism,takingintoaccountthepotentialroleoftheprivatesectorinsupportingcapacity-buildingandtheneedforenhancedcoordinationamongdonorsandinstitutions.51.FundingforREDD-plustobeadequate,predictableandsustainable,withfinancingcontinuingtobeprovided,includingviaAnnexIIPartiesandPartiesinapositiontodoso,privateandnon-market-basedsourcesandresults-basedfinance.52.Partiesinapositiontodoso/AnnexIIPartiesandotherPartiesinapositiontodosotoprovidePartiesinneedofassistance/developingcountryPartieswithfinancialandtechnicalandcapacity-buildingsupportinorderforthemtoefficientlyandeffectivelyfulfilthereportingrequirementsofthisagreement.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.124GE.15-01820Sourcesoffinance53.Financialresourcestobemobilizedandprovidedfrom:Option1:Primarilypublicsources,withsupplementaryfundingtobedrawnfromprivate/alternativesources:a.Stressingthatpublicsourcesarethemainsourceoffinance,thescaleofresourcesneededandthetypeofinvestmentsrequired,governmentstoworkmorecloselytogetherwiththeprivatesector;b.DevelopedcountryPartiesshallincentivizetheprivatesectortoprovidefundingtodevelopingcountries;c.Differentsourcestobeconsideredonthebasisofclearcriteriainordertoavoidincidenceondevelopingcountries,andthesustainability,predictabilityandadditionallyofsourcestobeclarified.Option2:Awidevarietyofsources,includingpublic,privateandalternativesources,recognizingtheneedforadiversityofsourcesandinstrumentstosuitrecipients’changingeconomiccircumstances/withdifferenttypesoffinancingfordifferentactivitiesandpublicsourcesforspecificareas,giventhelimitedpotentialforprivateinvestment,inparticularinthemostvulnerablecountriesandLDCs.53.1Withregardtoprivateandalternativefinance:a.AllPartiestocommittocooperateinleveragingprivatefinanceand/ortomobilize/utilizepublicfundsandmeanstofacilitateandencourageprivateinvestmentconsistentwiththeircapabilities,recognizingthatprivate-sectorfinancingiscomplementaryto,butnotasubstitutefor,public-sectorfinancingwherepublicfinanceisneeded:Amechanismtoattracttheprivatesectortoinvestinprojects,withcleardefinitions,respectiverolesandguidanceonthemechanism,toachieveausefulbalanceofpublicandprivatesources,ensuringreasonablereturnsandfulltransparency;Effortsundertakenbyexportcreditagenciestohelpinvestorsmanagerisk;Aclearsignaltotheprivatesectoratalllevelsforittocontributetothemobilizationofclimatefinanceandtoreorientfinancialflowsandtriggertherequiredinvestmentsandinvolvement,includingoflocalprivatesectors;Public-sectorfinancetocatalyseandavoidcrowdingoutprivate-sectorinvestments,ensuringthatprivate-sectorinvestmentisnotdisplaced,withtheefficientuseofpublicresourcesandeffectivepublicpoliciestobethekeyfocusofpost-2020cooperativeeffortsamongmiddle-andhigher-incomecountries;Needforstrongpublic–privatepartnerships,whichshouldbesubsidizedandincentivized;Bestrategicandinlinewithnationalprioritiesandlawsandbeprofitablefortheprivatesector;Enhancedenablingenvironmentsforprivate-sectorinvestmentinadaptation;Thegoverningbodyshalldevelopmodalitiesforleveragingandfreeingupprivatefinancetosupporttheimplementationofthisagreement.b.Ataxonoilexportsfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriestobeestablished;c.Aninternationalrenewableenergyandenergyefficiencybondfacilitytobeestablished;d.Thephasingdownofhigh-carboninvestmentsandfossilfuelsubsidies.StructuralsuggestionsonsectionG:Includeparagraphs48to51aspartofadecision.Includeparagraphs35.1and35.2aspartofadecision.ProposalstomoveprovisionsonMRVofsupporttothefinancesection.H.TechnologydevelopmentandtransferGeneral54.Option1:AllPartiestostrengthencooperativeactiontopromoteandenhancetechnologydevelopmentandtransfer,includingthroughtheTechnologyMechanism/institutionalarrangementsfortechnologyestablishedundertheConventionandthroughtheFinancialMechanism,inordertosupporttheimplementationofmitigationandadaptationcommitmentsunderthisagreement;Option2:Parties,consistentwiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,includingArticle4,paragraphs1,3and5,/inaccordancewiththeircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities,tostrengthencooperativeactiontoFCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182025promoteandenhancetechnologydevelopmentandtransferandbetterfacilitatetheimplementationoftheConvention,includingthroughtheTechnologyMechanism/institutionalarrangementsfortechnologyestablishedundertheConventionandthroughtheFinancialMechanism/byenhancingtheprovisionofsupportbydevelopedcountryParties,inordertosupporttheimplementationofmitigationandadaptationcommitmentsunderthisagreement;Option3:Parties,consistentwiththeprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,includingArticle4,paragraph5,reflectingtheevolvingeconomicrealities,tostrengthencooperativeactiontopromoteandenhancetechnologydevelopmentandtransfer,includingthroughtheTechnologyMechanism/institutionalarrangementsfortechnologyestablishedundertheConventionandthroughtheFinancialMechanism.55.Placeholder:Globalgoalonenhancedactionontechnologydevelopmentandtransfer.Commitments56.Option1:Commitmentsinrelationtotechnologydevelopmentandtransfertoincludethefollowing:56.1DevelopedcountryPartiestoundertakestepstoaddressbarrierstoaccessingtechnologyandtoestablishandstrengthentheirnecessarypolicyframeworkstofacilitatetheremovalofbarriersandenableandacceleratetechnologydevelopmentandtransfertodevelopingcountryParties;andtoleverageenhancedsupportfromtheprivatesectorfortechnologydevelopmentandtransfertodevelopingcountryParties;andtoprovidefinancial,humanresources,institutionalandtechnicalsupportfortechnologydevelopmentandtransfertodevelopingcountryParties;56.2DevelopingcountryParties,withthesupportofdevelopedcountryParties,toundertakestepstoaddressbarrierstoaccessingtechnologyandtoestablishandstrengthentheirnationalstructures,policyframeworks,institutionsandcapacity,inordertoenableandacceleratetheendogenouscapacityfortheabsorption,developmentandtransferoftechnologiesindevelopingcountries/endogenoustechnologydevelopmentandtransfer,attractinvestmentsandenhancecountryownershipandinnovation;56.3AllParties,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesofandobligationsundertheConvention,toestablishmeanstofacilitateaccesstoandthedeploymentoftechnology,whilepromotingandrewardinginnovationinadaptationandmitigationtechnologies/environmentallysoundtechnologies:Option(a):a.InaccordancewithArticle4ofConvention,developedcountryPartiestoprovidefinancialresourcestoaddressbarrierscausedbyintellectualpropertyrights(IPRs)andfacilitateaccesstoandthedeploymentoftechnology,includinginteralia,byutilizingtheFinancialMechanismand/ortheestablishmentofafundingwindowundertheGCF/theoperatingentitiesoftheFinancialMechanism;b.AninternationalmechanismonIPRstobeestablishedtofacilitateaccesstoandthedeploymentoftechnologytodevelopingcountryParties;c.OtherarrangementstobeestablishedtoaddressIPRs,suchascollaborativeresearchanddevelopment,shareware,commitmentsrelatedtohumanitarianorpreferentiallicensing,fullypaid-uporjointlicensingschemes,preferentialratesandpatentpools.Option(b):PartiesrecognizethatIPRscreateanenablingenvironmentforthepromotionoftechnologyinnovationinenvironmentallysoundtechnologies;Option(c):IPRsarenottobeaddressedinthisagreement.56.4DevelopingcountryParties,withthesupportofdevelopedcountryParties,toconductanassessmentoftheirtechnologyneeds,onthebasisofnationalcircumstancesandpriorities,withaviewtoensuringnationallydeterminedandenvironmentally,economicallyandsociallysoundresultingprojectproposalsandtoeffectivelyimplementingtheoutcomesofsuchanassessmentsupportedbydevelopedcountryParties,inordertosupporttheimplementationofthisagreement:Partiestostrengthentheprocessoftechnologyneedsassessment(TNAs)andenhancetheimplementationoftheoutcomesoftheTNAprocess;AlignTNAsmorecloselywithbankablefinanceprojects/ImproveTNAstoresultinimplementableprojects;TNAscouldbelinkedtootherprocessesundertheConvention,suchasNAMAsandNAPs;TNAprocessshouldbeelaboratedtoaddressdevelopmentsarisingfromtheoperationalizationofthisagreement.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.126GE.15-0182056.5AllParties,enabledbyAnnexIIParties/ledbydevelopedcountryParties,toaccelerateglobalcollaborationontheresearch,developmentanddemonstrationoftechnologies:a.Support,includingfinancialandintellectualsupport,toacceleratetheresearch,developmentanddemonstrationoftechnologies,includingendogenoustechnologies,tobeprovidedbydevelopedcountryPartiestodevelopingcountryParties;b.Modalitiesforaglobalcollaborativeprogrammeontheresearch,developmentanddemonstrationoftechnologiestobeestablished,attractingandintegratingrelevantstakeholders.Option2:Nocommitmentsontechnologyintheagreement.Institutionalarrangements57.InstitutionalarrangementsfortechnologydevelopmentandtransferundertheConventionshallsupportPartiesinimplementingtheircommitments/contributionsunderthisagreement:57.1Anchoring:Option1:TheTechnologyMechanismestablishedundertheConvention,includingtheTECandtheClimateTechnologyCentreandNetwork(CTCN),shallservethisagreementbyfacilitatingenhancedactionontechnologydevelopmentandtransferinordertoachievetheobjectivesofthisagreement;Option2:TheinstitutionalarrangementsfortechnologyestablishedundertheConventionshallservethisagreementbyfacilitatingenhancedactionontechnologydevelopmentandtransferinordertoachievetheobjectivesofthisagreement.57.2GuidancetoandstrengtheningoftheTechnologyMechanism/institutionalarrangements:Thegoverningbodymayprovidefurtherguidancetoand/orstrengthentheTechnologyMechanism/institutionalarrangementsfortechnologyestablishedundertheConventionservingthisagreement,andtheguidanceprovidedbythegoverningbodyshallnotconflictwiththeguidanceprovidedbytheCOP.Option1:Specificprovisionsonstrengthening:a.TheTECandtheCTCN/TechnologyMechanismoftheConventionshallsupporttheoperationalizationanddeliveryofthecommitmentsrelatedtotechnologydevelopmentandtransferinthisagreement,undertheConvention:Includeprovisionsonaccounting;TakeintoaccountthespecificneedsofdevelopingcountriesandcountrieswithspecialcircumstancesofAfrica,LDCsandSIDS.b.TheTechnologyMechanismshallenhancecooperationandsynergywithotherinstitutionalarrangementsunderandoutsidetheConventionandstakeholders,aswellasthecoherenceandeffectivenessoftechnologyactionandinitiativesundertheConvention:EstablishlinkagesbetweentheTechnologyMechanism,theFinancialMechanismandcapacity-buildinginstitutions;ThePoznanstrategicprogrammeontechnologytransfertobelinkedtoand/orguidedbytheTechnologyMechanism;Provisionsormeasuresrelatedtoothertechnologyinitiativesorregionalcentres;EnhancetheroleoftheprivatesectortosupporttheimplementationoftheTechnologyMechanism;Facilitatetheroleofpublicresearchanddevelopment,incentivesforcommercialresearchanddevelopment,thedevelopmentoftechnologiesandthereachingofeconomiesofscale.c.ThegoverningbodyshallconductaperiodicassessmentoftheeffectivenessandadequacyoftheTechnologyMechanism/institutionalarrangementsfortechnologydevelopmentandtransfer.Option2:Nospecificprovisionsonguidancetoand/orstrengtheningoftheTechnologyMechanismintheagreement.StructuralsuggestionsonsectionH:Includeparagraph57.2(option1)inadecision.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182027I.Capacity-buildingGeneralOption1:58.Theobjectiveofcapacity-buildingshouldbetoenabledevelopingcountryParties/allPartiestoidentify,designandimplementadaptationandmitigationactionsandtoenabledomesticdevelopmentandabsorptionoftechnologies/toenhancethecapacitiesofnationalgovernmentstobeabletoabsorbtechnologyandfinancefortheimplementationoftheConvention.59.Capacity-buildingtobeguidedbythefollowing:a.Theframeworkforcapacity-buildingindevelopingcountriesestablishedunderdecision2/CP.7;b.Aformal,structured,clear,predictable,effective,coordinated,demand-driven/country-driven,sustainableandlong-termandgender-responsiveway;c.Clearandpredictabletargetsandoutcomes;d.Respondingtonationalneedsandfosteringcountryownership:Buildingonexistingprovisionsandlessonslearnedoncapacity-buildingundertheConvention;UsingtheINDCpreparationandmeasurement,reportingandverification(MRV)processes;Supportingpreparatoryandreadinessprogrammes,includingonclimatefinance;UntildevelopingcountryPartieshaveacquiredthecapacitytofullyimplementclimatechangeactionsundertheConvention/DevelopingcountrieswillenhancetheirclimatechangeactionsaccordingtothemeansofimplementationprovidedbyAnnexIandAnnexIIPartiesundertheConvention.e.Respondingtoneedsatthenational,subnationalandlocallevels:Option(a):Takingintoaccountthepotentialroleoftheprivatesectorinsupportingcapacity-buildingandtheneedforenhancedcoordinationamongdonorsandinstitutions;Option(b):Publicsectorbearsthemainresponsibility,andprivatefundingshouldonlybecomplementary;Option(c):Noprovisionnecessary.f.Ensuringthatcapacity-buildingiseffective,demand-driven/country-drivenandsustainableoverthelongterm.60.Capacity-buildingtobeenhancedthrough:a.Thedevelopmentofclimatepolicies;b.Themobilizationofprivatesectorcapitalandpublicengagement;c.Thepromotionofpublicawarenessandeducation;d.Thestrengtheningofdomesticinstitutionsandthecreationofenablingenvironments;e.Integratingcapacity-buildingactivitiesintomitigationandadaptationprogrammes/intoallotherelements.Option2:Nogeneralprovisionsoncapacity-building.Commitments61.Option1:Thedeveloped/AnnexIPartiesandotherPartiesinapositiontodososhouldcooperatetoenhancethecapacityofdevelopingcountriestosupporttheimplementationoftheircontributionsundertheagreementbasedontheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConventionandotherPartiesinapositiontodosotocooperatetoenhancethecapacityofdevelopingcountryPartiesinallareasofclimatechangeaction,tosupporttheimplementationoftheircommitments/contributionsunderthisagreementandtofosterSouth–Southandtriangularcooperationschemes;Option2:Nocommitmentsoncapacity-buildingintheagreement.Institutionalarrangements62.TheinstitutionalarrangementsestablishedundertheConventionshallenhanceandintensifytheirworkoncapacity-building:62.1TheDurbanForumoncapacity-buildingestablishedbydecision2/CP.17/theinstitutionalarrangementsoncapacity-buildingestablishedundertheConventionshallservethisagreementby:a.Enhancingthemonitoringandreviewoftheeffectivenessofcapacity-building;b.Identifyingandaddressingcapacitygapsindevelopingcountries;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.128GE.15-01820c.EnhancingthecoordinationbetweeninstitutionsestablishedundertheConventionandthisagreementasitrelatestotheirworkandmandatesoncapacity-building:ThegoverningbodymayprovidefurtherguidancetotheDurbanForumandassignspecificfunctions,asappropriate;ThegoverningbodyshallperiodicallyreviewthecommitmentsofdevelopedcountryPartiestoprovidecapacity-buildingsupporttodevelopingcountryPartiesandtakeappropriateaction,whichmayincludetheadjustmentofsuchcommitmentsinaccordancewiththeidentifiednationalneedsandprioritiesofthedevelopingcountryParties;ThegoverningbodyshallregularlyreviewtheoutcomesoftheDurbanForumandtakeappropriateaction.63.Option1:Aninternationalcapacity-buildingmechanismisherebyestablished:63.1Thepurposeoftheinternationalcapacity-buildingmechanismunderthisagreement,fundedthroughtheFinancialMechanismoftheConventionandlinkedtotechnology-andadaptation-relatedinstitutionsestablishedundertheConvention,shallbetoenhancethecapacityofdevelopingcountryPartiestoplanandimplementmitigationandadaptationactions,includinghumanskillsdevelopmentforthestrengtheningofdomesticinstitutions,technologyinnovationandthedevelopmentofendogenoustechnologies,andtomakeastructuredassessmentofthecapacityneedsofdevelopingcountriesandmatchthemwithsupport.63.2Theinternationalcapacity-buildingmechanismshallcomprise:a.Acapacity-buildingcommitteewiththefollowingfunctions:MRVofsupportreceivedforcapacity-buildingagainstneedsidentifiedbydevelopingcountryParties;Facilitationoftheeffectiveimplementationofcapacity-buildinginterventionsatthenationalandregionallevels;Provisionofnormativeguidanceoncapacity-buildingrelatedissuesconcerningthisagreementtoinformotherinstitutionsandmechanismsestablishedundertheConventionservingthisagreement;PromotionofcoherencebetweenrelevantinstitutionsandmechanismsestablishedundertheConventionandthisagreement.b.Anevaluationmechanismwiththefunction:Toassesstheeffectivenessofthedeliveryofcapacity-building.c.Regionalcapacity-buildingcentres:Tofacilitatebuildingcapacityatthenationalandregionallevels.d.Aninstituteforcapacity-buildingtooperateasaconsortiumoftertiaryinstitutionsinallmajorregionsoftheworld:Tobuildcapacityindevelopingcountriesasameansofstrengtheningtheabilityandeffectivenessofmitigationandadaptationactions.63.3Thegoverningbodyshalladoptmodalitiesandproceduresfortheoperationoftheinternationalcapacity-buildingmechanism.Theinternationalcapacity-buildingmechanismshouldbecomeoperationalassoonaspossibleafter2015toprepareallcountriesfortheimplementationofthisagreementby2020.Option2:Noprovisionsontheestablishmentofnewinstitutions;Option3:Strengtheningandimprovingexistinginstitutions;Option4:Enhancetheroleoftheprivatesectorinthedeliveryofcapacity-building.StructuralsuggestionsonsectionI:Includereferencestocapacity-buildinginallothersections.Includepreambularrecitaloncapacity-buildinganddetailsindecisions.Includeparagraph62inadecision.J.TransparencyofactionandsupportGeneral64.Option1:Atransparencyframework,applicabletoallPartiesanddifferentiatedbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountries,undertheConventionandinaccordancewithpreviousdecisionsoftheCOP,shallpromotetransparencyFCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182029ofactionandsupportbyprovidinginformationontheimplementationofeachParty’scommitments/contributionsinanefficientandflexiblemanner,inorderto:a.Enhanceclarity,comparabilitybetweendevelopedcountries,accountabilityandmutualtrustandtopromoteambition/progressiveenhancement;b.Facilitatethetrackingofprogressintheimplementationofcommitments/contributions;c.Ensurethatcommitments/actionsandprovisionofsupportbyAnnexIIPartiesareimplementedandcompliedwithandverifiedthrougharobustverificationsystem,andfacilitatethecomparisonofMRVofalltypesofsupportreceivedwiththeneedsexpressedandidentifiedbydevelopingcountryParties;d.Facilitate/Ensuretheuseofmitigationoutcomesresultingfrominternational/nationalmarket-basedmechanismsintheaccountingofeachParty’scommitments/contributions;e.Avoiddoublecounting;f.Ensuretheenvironmentalintegrityofthisagreement.Option2:Asingle/commontransparencyframework,applicabletoallParties,shallpromotetransparencyofactionandsupportbyprovidinginformationontheimplementationofeachParty’scommitments/contributionsinanefficientandflexiblemanner,inorderto:a.Enhanceclarity,comparability,accountabilityandmutualtrust,andpromoteambition;b.Facilitatethetrackingofprogressintheimplementationofcommitments/contributions;c.Promotetheimplementationofactionandsupport,andensurethateffortsareverifiedthrougharobustverificationsystem;d.Facilitatetheuseofmitigationoutcomesresultingfrominternationalmarket-basedmechanismsintheaccountingofeachParty’scommitments/contributions;e.Avoiddoublecounting;f.Ensuretheenvironmentalintegrityofthisagreement;g.ProvidethenecessaryflexibilitytoPartiesthroughtheuseoftiersor‘opt-out’provisions.Option3:AllPartiesshallpromotetransparencyofactionandsupportbyprovidinginformationontheimplementationofeachParties'commitmentsundertheConvention,takingintoaccounttheircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandtheirspecificnationalandregionaldevelopmentpriorities,objectivesandcircumstances,inorderto:a.Ensurethecomparabilityandaccountabilityofthequantifiedeconomy-wideemissionreductiontargetsofdevelopedcountryPartiesinameasurable,reportableandverifiablemanner;b.EnsurethatdevelopingcountryParties’support-relatedcommitmentsareimplemented,compiledwithandverifiedthrougharobustaccounting,reportingandverificationsystem;c.FacilitatetheclarityofprogressmadebydevelopingcountryPartiesontheirimplementationofactionsforaddressingclimatechangeandonthesupportreceivedfromdevelopedcountryParties.65.Option1:ThetransparencyframeworkshallencompassMRVofemissionsandremovalsandtheaccountingofcommitments/contributions,includingthoserelatedtosupport,andshallbebasedonagreedrules/bebasedonexistingMRVarrangementsundertheConventionand/beguidedby:Option(a):a.Article12oftheConvention;b.Takingintoaccountthedifferingnationalcircumstances/commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities/theuniquecircumstances/andrespectivecapabilitiesofParties;c.Accommodatingdifferentcontributionsandcountries’differingcapacities;and/orprovidingfordifferentiationinreportingandthecommoninternationalreviewofreports;d.Avoidingimposingonerousburdensonpoorandvulnerablecountriesordevelopingcountriesand,inparticular,theLDCsandSIDS,withrespecttosupportreceivedforadaptation,capacity-buildingandaccesstoandadoptionofappropriatetechnologies;e.Recognizingthatthetransparencyframeworkwillevolve,buildingonexistingdecisions/experiencewithexistingMRVarrangements;f.Trackingpost-2020commitments;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.130GE.15-01820g.Ensuringtransparency,accuracy,completeness,comparabilityandconsistency;h.Maintainingorimprovinglevelsoftransparencyovertime;i.Buildingcountries’capacitiesovertimeandinstitutionalizingreportingcapacity.Option(b):a.TheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention;b.TakingintoaccountParties’commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandtheirspecificnationalandregionaldevelopmentpriorities,objectivesandcircumstances;c.Consistentwiththelevelofsupportprovidedfordevelopingcountries;d.Recognizingthatthetransparencyframeworkwillevolve,buildingonexistingdecisions.Option2:Thetransparencyframeworkshallencompassreportingthroughbiennialcommunications,atechnicalexpertreviewofthesubmittedbiennialcommunicationsandafacilitativeexaminationoftheimplementationofefforts,andshallbebasedonagreedrules.66.Thetransparencyframeworkshallbe:Option1:BuiltontheexistingMRVarrangementsundertheConvention:a.DevelopedcountryParties/DevelopedcountryPartiesandotherPartiesundertakingquantifiedemissionreductioncommitmentsshouldreportinformationrelatedtotheiractionsandprovisionofsupporttodevelopingcountriesinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheConventionandrelevantdecisionsoftheCOPintheirnationalcommunications,biennialreportsandannualinventoryreports.Allofthatinformationwillbesubjecttotheinternationalassessmentandreview(IAR)andinternationalexpertteamreview),aswellastoacomplianceassessmentforAnnexIPartiesthatarealsoPartiestotheKyotoProtocol;b.DevelopingcountryParties/Partiesnotundertakingquantifiedemissionreductioncommitments/DevelopingcountryParties,consistentwiththeirobligationsundertheConvention,theircapabilitiesandthelevelofsupportreceivedfromdevelopedcountryParties,shouldreportinformationontheiractionsandsupportreceivedinaccordancewiththerelevantdecisionsoftheCOPintheirnationalcommunicationsandbiennialupdatereports(BURs),andtheBURswillbesubjecttointernationalconsultationandanalysis(ICA).Option2:AcommonframeworkwithcommonMRVprovisionsapplicabletoallParties,builtontheexistingMRVsystemthatisfitforpurposeandoffersappropriateflexibility/offersflexibilityfordevelopingcountryPartiesintermsofthelevelanddepthoftheapplicationofthecommonMRVprovisionsinrelationto:a.Thefrequencyofreporting;b.Thebroadcategoriesofinformationtobereported,namely:Nationalinventoriesofemissionsandremovals;Progressmadetowardstheachievementofmitigationcommitments/contributions;Monitoringandevaluationofadaptation;Trackingthedeliveryof,andtheoutcomesachievedthrough,support.c.Theconsiderationofreporting:Expertreview;Afacilitative,multilateralprocess.Option3:AsinglesystemwithcommonMRVprovisionsapplicabletoallPartiesfrom2020;Option4:BasedonArticles10,paragraph2(a)and(b),and12,paragraphs1–3,oftheConvention:a.EnhancedproceduresforcomparabilityforAnnexIParties;Morefrequentreporting,standardizedformat,commonaccountingframeworkwithcommonbaseyearandexpressedintermsofCO2eq,projectionsofemissiontrajectories/pathways.b.Currentproceduressetupunderdecisions1/CP.16and2/CP.17fornon-AnnexIParties.Option5:AllPartiesshall,onthebasisofself-differentiationandnationalcapacity,reportinformationthroughexistinginstitutions,withnobacksliding,andfollowtheproceduralguidelinesandprovisionsprovidedinthefollowingreviewmethodsbasedonthefollowingtiers:a.Monitoring,reviewandverificationundertheConvention;b.Monitoring,reviewandverificationundertheCancunAgreements;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182031c.Monitoring,reviewandverificationundertheKyotoProtocol.Commitments67.Option1:EachPartytoprovide,throughtheirbiennialcommunications,verifiable,transparent,consistentandcomplete,accurateandcomparableinformation,inaccordancewithpreviousdecisionsoftheCOP,ontheimplementationofitscommitments/contributions/actions,includinginrelationtomitigation,adaptation,finance,technologydevelopmentandtransferandcapacity-building;Option2:AllPartiescommittoparticipatinginanagreed,unifiedtransparencysystemandtocontinuouslyimprovetransparency;Option3:EachdevelopedcountryPartyshallprovideinformationon:itsquantifiedeconomy-wideemissionreductiontarget,itspoliciesandactionsforimplementingthattarget,adaptationactions,research,developmentanddemonstrationactionsrelatedtoclimate-friendlytechnologiesandcapacity-buildingactions,aswellasotherrelevantinformation,inordertoensuretheprovisionofconsistent,transparent,comparable,accurateandcompleteinformationbydevelopedcountryParties.68.AllParties/AnnexIIParties/Partiesinaccordancewiththeircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities,toensuretransparencyofsupport:a.MRVofsupportprovidedtobeenhancedonthebasisofnationalcommunications,biennialreports,IARandKyotoProtocolrulesusingcommonbutdifferentiatedtemplatesanddrawingontheworkoftheSBSTAonmethodologiesforthereportingoffinancialinformationbyAnnexIParties;b.Developingcountriestoprovideinformationonsupportreceivedanditsuse,recognizingthespecialcircumstancesofcountries,ensuringthatnoadditionalreportingburdensareimposedondevelopingcountries;c.AnnexIIPartiesandPartiesinapositiontodosotoprovidebiennialreportsonadaptationsupport,indicatingthelevelofsupportthattheyareprovidingtodevelopingcountryParties,inparticulartheLDCs,SIDSandcountriesinAfrica,toinformaregularreviewbythegoverningbodyinlinewithscience;d.Internationalfinancialinstitutionsareinvitedtoprovideinformationonhowtheirdevelopmentassistancefinanceincorporates‘climateproofing’measuresinallformsofsupport;e.EachPartytoprovideinformationonsupportprovidedandreceived,inlinewithitsnationalcircumstances.Rulesandmodalities69.Option1:Thegoverningbodyshallelaboratetherulesrelatedtotransparencyofactionandsupport,includingMRV,aswellasrelatedtoaccounting,inparticularrulesontheuseofmarketmechanismsandtothelandsectorinrelationtomitigationcommitments/contributions,which:a.Aftergatheringexperiencewiththeagreedtransparencysystemandassessingwhetherimprovementisneeded,adjust/enhance/ensurethedevelopmentoftheexistingMRVarrangementsandaccountingrules,buildingontheexperienceofexistingMRVarrangements,tofittheobjectivesandpurposesoftheagreement;b.Ensureharmonizationandcoordinationofexistingdatasystemsaswellasmethodologicalconsistencyandcommonalityindefiningandtrackingthecommitments/contributions;c.Option(a):ApplyIPCCgreenhousegasinventoryguidelinesandcommonmetricsagreedundertheConvention;Option(b):UsecommonmetricsandmethodologiesadoptedbytheIPCCandagreedbytheCOPfortheestimationofGHGemissionsandremovals;d.Recognizetheimportanceofgreenhousegasemissionsbysourcesandremovalsbysinksresultingfromland-usechangeandforestryactivitiesforunderstandingmitigationcontributionsandprogressinachievingtargets,commitmentsandimplementingactions;e.Option(a):Recognizetheuseofmarketmechanismsinrelationtomitigationcommitments/contributions;Option(b):RecognizetheuseofthemechanismsdefinedinArticles6and12oftheKyotoProtocolandmechanismsdefinedintheConventioninrelationtomitigationcommitments.Recognizetheuseofmarketactivitiesinrelationtomitigationcommitmentsiftheymeetstandards,tobedefined,thatdeliverreal,permanent,additionalandverifiedmitigationoutcomes,avoiddoubleaccountingofeffort,achieveanetdecreaseand/oravoidanceofgreenhousegasemissionsandareinconformitywiththesestandards;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.132GE.15-01820f.Recognizetheimportanceofaccountingofsupportforadaptationandmeansofimplementation;g.Usecomparableaccountingmechanismsforsupportbasedoncommontemplates/methodologiesandcommonmethodologyforMRVfordevelopedcountries/AnnexIIParties;h.Placegreateremphasisoneffectivenessofsupportandincludebetterprovisionsforreportingontheuseofinternationalsupportandresultsachievedwithsupport;i.Withrespecttotheprovisionandreceiptoffinance:Include/enhanceinformation,consistentwithpreviousdecisionsoftheCOP,onsupportprovidedandreceived,includingon:delivery,useandimpact,sources,scale,channels,instruments,andonSouth–Southcooperation;Providetransparencyonthelevelsoffinancing,whatfinancingisusedfor,whichcountriesarebenefiting,andwhetherfundsarenewandadditionalandoutcomesachievedthrough:oOption1:Accountingrulesfor:mitigationandadaptationactionsandforfinancialsupport,aswellaspublicandprivateresourcesinvested;oOption2:AccountingrulesforAnnexIIPartieswithregardtosupport.BeenhancedbasedonannualreportingondeliveryofclimatefinancebydevelopedcountryParties;Addresstheneedforacommonagreeddefinitionofclimatefinanceandinconsistenciesonclimatefinancedata:oProvidingclarityonwhattypeismostappropriateforwhataction;oBuildingontheworkdonebytheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentResearchCollaborativeandtheSCFonmethodsformeasuringandtrackingprivateclimatefinance/BuildingontheworkoftheSBSTA;oAsoutlinedintheMRVproposalfromEcuador.4j.WithrespecttothemonitoringandreportingofsupportfromdevelopedcountryParties/AnnexIIPartiestodevelopingcountryPartiesonenhancedactionontechnologydevelopmentandtransfer:OverseenbytheTEC/FacilitatedbytheTEC/TechnologyMechanism;Developcommonformatandmethodologiesfortechnologysupportreporting.k.Withrespecttotheeffectivenessofcapacity-buildingsupport:BasedontheimpactandknowledgecreatedindevelopingcountryPartiesagainstperformanceindicatorsatthenationalleveland/orbyacommitteeoncapacity-building;BeconductedagainstneedsidentifiedbydevelopingcountryParties;Includeanassessmentoftheeffectivenessofcapacity-buildingactivitiesbasedonperformanceindicatorsattheinternationallevel;SupportedbytheDurbanForumoncapacity-buildingandtheConsultativeGroupofExpertsonNationalCommunicationsfromPartiesnotincludedinAnnexItotheConvention.Option2:Thegoverningbodyshallelaboratetherulesrelatedtotransparencyofactionandsupport,includingMRVaswellasaccounting,which:a.Developmethodologiesontheaccountingofsupportonfinance,technologydevelopmentandtransferandcapacity-buildingprovidedbydevelopedcountryPartiestodevelopingcountryParties,includingcommonmetricsontheclimatefinanceandquantifiableprogressindicatorsontechnologytransferandcapacity-buildingsupportprovidedbydevelopedcountries;b.Reviseandimprovethecommonreportingformatonfinancialsupportavailableandprovidedbydevelopedcountriestodevelopingcountries;c.Developacommonreportingformatonthesupportfortechnologydevelopmentandtransferandcapacity-buildingprovidedbydevelopedcountryPartiestodevelopingcountryParties;d.RevisethemodalitiesandproceduresofIARinordertostrengthenthereviewontheprogressofprovisionoffinancial,technologicalandcapacity-buildingsupportbydevelopedcountryPartiestodevelopingcountryParties;e.Establishalong-termfinancechannelundertheGCFortheGlobalEnvironmentFacilitytobuildMRVcapacityofdevelopingcountriesonacontinuousbasis.Option3:Thegoverningbodyshallelaboratetheguidelinesrelatedtotransparencyofactionandsupport,by:4FCCC/AWGLCA/2012/CRP.1.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182033a.Tailoringthepost-2020transparencyarrangementstopromoteitsobjective;b.Developingguidelinesforbiennialcommunicationsregarding;c.Nationalcircumstances:Thenationalinventoryreportofemissionsandremovals;Adescriptionofnationallydeterminedcontribution;ProgressinachievementoftheNDC,includingmitigationactionsandtheireffects,estimatesofemissionsfromthelandsector,andtheuseofunitsfrominternationalmarket-basedmechanisms;Projections;Provisionofsupport,includingontheprovisionoffinance,technologytransferandcapacity-building;Progressinassessingclimaterisksandvulnerabilities,andinenhancingadaptationaction,includingthroughnationaladaptationplanningprocesses.d.Usingcommonreportingtemplateswhereverapplicableandbeneficialforenhancingtransparency;e.Elaboratingonthefollowing:Partiestoincludeallmajoremissionsourcesandsinks,poolsandgasesintheircontribution;Formajorsourcesandsinks,poolsandgasesthatarenotincluded,Partiestoincludeanexplanationfortheirexclusion,andtostrivetoincludetheseovertime;PartiestousethemostrelevantIPCCguidanceandguidelines,asdeterminedbytheCOP;Partiesnottochangetheiraccountingapproachormethodologiesorbaselineduringthetimeframe,exceptinthecaseoftechnicalcorrections;Partiestohaveprojectedbaselinestransparentlyassessed;Partiesthatusemarket-basedapproachestomeetstandardsthatdeliverreal,additional,verifiableandpermanentemissionreductions,avoiddoublecountingofeffortandresultinanetmitigationbenefit.f.Recognizingtheimportanceofgreenhousegasemissionsbysourcesandremovalsbysinksresultingfromland-usechangeandforestryactivities;g.DevelopingguidelinestoassistPartiesinassessingnationalclimatechangeimpacts,vulnerabilityandadaptationoptions;h.DevelopingguidelinesforthetechnicalexpertreviewofParties’biennialcommunications;i.DevelopingguidelinesforafacilitativeexaminationofParties’progresstowardstheirnationallydeterminedcontributions;j.Withrespecttotheprovisionandreceiptofsupportandinternationalcooperation,developguidelinesthat:Elicitinformationonsupportprovidedandreceived,includingon:delivery,useandimpact,sources,scale,channels,andinstruments;Providetransparencyonthelevelsoffinancing,whatfinancingisusedfor,whichcountriesarebenefiting,andwhetherfundsarenewandadditional;Placegreateremphasisoneffectivenessofsupportandreportingontheuseofinternationalsupportandresultsachievedwithsupport;Recognizethatavarietyoftypesmaybeappropriate;ConsidertheongoingworkundertheSCFandtheworkofrelevantbodiesoutsidetheConvention.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.134GE.15-01820StructuralsuggestionsonsectionJ:Transparencyofsupporttobeaddressedinthecontextofsupport,transparencyofmitigationinthecontextofmitigation.Divideintothreesub-sections:(1)commitmenttoparticipateinasingletransparencysystem;(2)themechanics,orcomponentparts,ofthesystem;and(3)theguidingprinciplesforthesystem.Restructureparagraphs67and68intothreesub-sections:transparencyofactionsbydevelopedcountryParties;transparencyofactionsbydevelopingcountryParties;andtransparencyofsupportbydevelopedcountryParties.Movetheparagraphsonaccountingtothemitigationsection.MergethissectionwithsectionKbelow.Moveparagraph69(d)and(e)(option1)tothemitigationsectionandretain(a)and(c)intransparencysection.Includecontentofparagraph69k(ofoption1)inadecision.Restructureparagraph69intoseparateparagraphsontransparencyofmitigationandtransparencyofsupport.K.Timeframesandprocessrelatedtocommitments/contributions/OthermattersrelatedtoimplementationandambitionCommitments/contributions/actions/scopeofimplementationandambition70.Thestartingdatefortheimplementationofthisagreementtobe1January2020/31December2020/1January2021;andtheenddateofthisagreementtobe2030/2040/2050/2100/durableforever.71.PursuanttoArticle2oftheConvention,Partiestoperiodicallycommunicateorupdatetheirproposedcommitments/contributions:Option1:EveryfiveyearsforallParties;Option2:Commitmentsshallbeinscribedeveryfiveyears,beginningin2015.AllPartiesshallcommunicateproposedcommitmentsinthe12to18monthspriortotheirinscription.Thecommitmentswillcoverafive-yearperiod,ending10yearsaftertheinscriptionyear.Partiesmayalsoproposeanindicativecommitmentcoveringafurtherfive–yearperiod,whichcanbeconfirmedorenhancedfiveyearslater,whenformallyinscribed(2020);Option3:Everyfiveyears,indicatingthecommitment/contribution/actionforthesubsequentfive-yearperiodaswellasanindicativecommitment/contribution/actionforthefollowingfive-yearperiod;Option4:EveryfiveyearsfordevelopedcountryPartiesonly;Option5:EveryfiveyearsfordevelopedcountryPartiesandevery10yearsfordevelopingcountryParties;Option6:Everyfiveyearsfortheupcomingperiodandanindicationforthefollowingperiodonlyformitigation:annualorbiennialtimeframeformeansofimplementationinlinewithnationalbudgets;differenttimeframeforadaptation;Option7:By2030/2025forallParties;Option8:By2025and/or2030foralldevelopedcountryPartiesonly,andwiththediversityofenddatesfordevelopingcountryParties;Option9:Every10/xyears,withamidtermreview;Option10:Foraperiodtobedeterminedbythegoverningbody.72.Partiestocommunicatetheirproposedcommitments/contributions/actionsatleast12monthspriortotheirformalization/finalization,butnotearlierthan18monthspriortothat.73.Option1:Thescopeofthecommitments/contributions/actionswill:Option(a):Benationallydetermined;Option(b):Bedefinedbytheprovisionsofthisagreement;Option(c):Includemitigation,adaptation,finance,technologyandcapacity-building,andtransparencyofactionandsupport;Option(d):Includemitigation,recognizingthatcommitmentsonadaptation,finance,technologyandcapacity-building,andtransparencyofactionandsupportaresubjecttoseparateprovisionsofthisagreement;Option(e):Includemitigationonly.Option2:Implementationandambitionarerelatedto:a.Mitigation,adaptation,finance,technologyandcapacity-building;FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182035b.FordevelopedcountryParties:mitigationandfinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupporttodevelopingcountryPartiesfortheirmitigationandadaptationactions;c.FordevelopingcountryParties:mitigationand/oradaptation.74.Whencommunicatingtheircontributions,Partiestoprovideup-frontinformation,alongwiththeirproposedcommitments/contributions/actionsthat:Option1:Facilitatestheclarity,transparencyandunderstandingofthosecommitments/contributions/actions,onthebasisoftherelevantarrangementsforreportinginformationresultingfromtheBaliActionPlan(asdetailedindecisionx/CP.x);Option2:Facilitatestheclarity,transparencyandunderstandingofthosecommitments/contributions/actions(asdetailedindecisionx/CP.x).75.Uponcommunication,commitments/contributions/actionstobemadepubliclyavailablebythesecretariat.Exanteconsideration/Furtherfacilitationoftransparencyandclarity/Consultativeprocess/period76.Option1:Noexanteconsiderationprocess/noarrangementsforfurtherfacilitatingtransparencyandclarity;Option2:Aftertheircommunication,commitments/contributions/actionswillbesubjecttoanexanteconsiderationprocess/furtherfacilitationoftransparencyandclarity/aconsultativeperiod/processinorderto:Option(a):a.Facilitateunderstandingofthelevelofambitionandfairness/levelofambitionofthecommitments/contributionsandthelong-termtemperaturegoalinthecontextofaParty’slong-termlow-emissiondevelopmentpathway;b.Assesstheadequacyandfairnessoftheaggregatedcontributions/theadequacyoftheaggregatedcontributions/theaggregatedcontributionscomparedwithscience,aspartoftheprinciple-basedreferenceframework;c.AssesstheextentandavailabilityofsupportfromAnnexIIPartiestonon-AnnexIParties,and,inthatcontext,thepotentialadditionalambitionofnon-AnnexIParties;d.Assistcountriesthathavenotcommunicatedtheircommitments/contributions;e.Facilitateunderstandingofthecomparabilityofeffortofthecommitments/contributions/actions;andoftheglobalaggregatecommitment;f.Address/understand/determine/discussdeficitsinthelightoftheambitionrequired/facilitatetheanalysisofnationalmitigationpotentialandaddressdeficitsinthelightoftheambitionrequired.Option(b):a.Enhancetheclarity,transparencyandunderstandingoftheaggregateeffectofthecommunicatedintendednationallydeterminedcontributions;b.FacilitatetheeffortsbyPartiesthathavenotcommunicatedtheirintendednationallydeterminedcontributionsuptothatpoint.Option(c):a.FacilitatetheclarityofthecomparabilityofthecommitmentsofbydevelopedcountryParties,inaccordancewiththeirhistoricalresponsibilities,requirementsofscienceandleadershipinaddressingclimatechangeandtherequirementsofscience;b.Facilitateunderstandingofthediversity,barriersandneedsoftheenhancedactionsundertakenbydevelopingcountryParties,bearinginmindtheirfirstandoverridingpriorityofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandpovertyeradication.76.1Parties’commitments/contributions/actionstobeconsideredbasedon:Option(a):Aconsultativeprocesstoensureclarity,transparencyandunderstandingofthecommitments/contributions;Option(b):Aprinciple-basedreferenceframeworktobeestablishedtoensureclarity,transparencyandunderstandingofthecommitments/contributions/actions;Option(c):ExistingarrangementsandprocessesundertheConvention.76.2Theexanteconsiderationprocess/furtherfacilitationoftransparencyandclarity/consultativeperiod/processisto:FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.136GE.15-01820Option(a):a.Bescience-basedandinformedbytheassessmentsoftheIPCC,movingtoassessmentreportseveryfiveyears(e.g.2019,2024,2029);b.Beinclusive,consultative,facilitative,supportive,non-prescriptive,non-intrusive,andnon-punitive.Option(b):a.Bescience-basedandinformedbytheassessmentsoftheIPCC,movingtoassessmentreportseveryfiveyears(e.g.2019,2024,2029);b.Beinclusive,consultative,facilitative,supportive,non-prescriptive,non-intrusive,andnon-punitive;c.BeconductedinaccordancewithArticle4,paragraph2(d),oftheConvention;d.ReflectingthedifferencesinAnnexAandAnnexB;e.BebasedontheexistingexperiencefromtheclarificationofthecommitmentsofdevelopedcountryPartiesandtheunderstandingoftheNAMAsofdevelopingcountryParties.76.3Theexanteconsiderationprocess/furtherfacilitationoftransparencyandclarity/consultativeperiod/processtotakeplace:Option(a):Intheyearinwhichthecommitments/contributions/actionsarecommunicated;Option(b):Intheyearafterthecommitments/contributions/actionshavebeencommunicated;Option(c):Intheyearpriortotheinscriptionofthecontributionintheagreementformitigationandmeansofimplementation/inthe12monthspriortothesessionatwhichthecommitmentwouldbeinscribed;Option(d):EachPartytogothroughaconsultativeperiodforfourtosixmonthsafterthesubmissionofitsintendednationallydeterminedcontribution.76.4Onthebasisoftheexanteconsiderationprocess/furtherfacilitationoftransparencyandclarity/consultativeperiod/process:Option(a):EachPartytoconsidertherecommendationsresultingfromtheprocess;Option(b):EachPartytoreviseitscommitment/contributiononavoluntarybasis;Option(c):EachPartytoadjust/reviseonavoluntarybasisitscommitment/contributionupwards,throughanadjustmentprocedureinaccordancewithdecisionsofthegoverningbody;Option(d):Partieswillundertaketop-downadjustmentsbasedonaglobalcarbonbudget.76.5Thegoverningbodyshalldevelopandadoptmodalitiesandproceduresfortheexanteconsiderationprocess/furtherfacilitationoftransparencyandclarity/consultativeperiod/processbyits[X]session:a.AwebplatformwherePartiesandotheractorsareabletoposequestionsandPartiesareencouragedtoanswerthequestionsthattheyreceive;b.ConsultationsamongParties,includingthroughworkshopsandroundtables;c.AjointSubsidiaryBodyforImplementation(SBI)/SBSTAprogrammetopreparerecommendationsfortheCOP;d.Atechnicalbody/panel/taskforcetobeestablishedthatundertakesanalyticalwork,examinestheadequacyandfairnessofcommitments/contributionsandpreparesrecommendations;and/oronmitigationandmeansofimplementation;e.Inputstotheprocess,includingmodalitiesfortheanalysis,synthesisand/orcompilationofthecommitments/contributions.76.6Thegoverningbodyshallreview,onaperiodicbasis,themodalitiesandprocedures,withaviewtoensuringadaptability,efficiencyandeffectiveness,takingintoaccountthedifferentcharacteristicsofmitigationandmeansofimplementationandtheneedtoaddresstheminadistinctmannerovertime.Formalization/finalization/reflectionofenhancedaction77.Thecommitments/contributions/actionscommunicatedbyPartiestobe:Option1:Inscribedinasingleannextothisagreement;Option2:Inscribedinannexestothisagreement:FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182037Option(a):AnnexAforquantifiedemissionreductioncommitments(QERCs)andAnnexBforemissionlimitationcommitmentsandstrategies;Option(b):AnnexA:atableofheadingnumbersofquantifiedemissionreductioncommitmentsofdevelopedcountryParties;andAnnexB:acompilationofcommunicationsofenhancedmitigationactionsbydevelopingcountryParties.Option3:Inscribedinattachmentstothisagreement:AttachmentAfordevelopedcountryParties’emissionreductioncommitments;AttachmentBfordevelopedcountryParties’finance,technologyandcapacity-buildingcommitments;AttachmentCfordevelopingcountryParties’enhancedactions.Option4:Adoptedbyadecisionofthegoverningbody;Option5:Containedinnationalschedules,tobecommunicatedtothesecretariat.Thesecretariatshallmakeallnationalschedulespubliclyavailable;Option6:Inscribedinacountrycontributiondocument,withaprovisionintheagreementcreatinganobligationforeachPartytocommunicateandimplementtheircontribution;Option7:Recordedinanonlineregistryofnationalmitigationtargets,whichistoformanintegralpartofthisagreement.78.Partiesmay,atanytime,makeupwardadjustmentstotheircommitments/contributions/actionsbymeansofasimplifiedprocedure:Option1:Bywayofcommunicationtothesecretariatorthedepositary;Option2:BywayofanamendmenttotherespectiveannexandinthecontextoftheproceduresreferredtoinsectionMbelow;Option3:Thegoverningbodyshalladoptmodalitiesofthesimplifiedprocedure/Anymodalitiestobeadoptedbythegoverningbody.79.Option1:APartytobeallowedtoexceptionallyadjustitscommitment/contribution,subjecttocertainconditions,including:ifsubsequentrulesdiffersubstantiallyfromtheParty’sassumptions,orforcemajeure,providedthatthereisnobacksliding;Option2:AdevelopingcountryPartymayadjustitscontributionwhenseverelyaffectedbyanextremenaturalevent;Option3:Nootheradjustmentsallowed.Strategicreviewofimplementation/Aggregateambitionassessment/Enhancedambitionmechanism80.Thegoverningbodyshallregularlyconductastrategicreviewofimplementation/aggregateambitionassessment.81.Thepurposeofthereview/assessment/mechanismisto:Option1:Reviewtheeffect/ambitionandtheimplementationoftheindividualcommitments/contributions/actionsofPartiesaswellastheaggregateeffect/ambitionofallParties’commitments,inordertoassessprogresstowardsoperationalizingtheultimateobjectiveoftheConvention,assetoutinitsArticle2oftheConvention,pursuanttoparagraph3above;Option2:a.Tracktheperformanceoftheimplementationofthepost-2020enhancedaction;b.Reviewtheadequacyofthelong-termaspectinthelightoftheobjectiveoftheConvention;c.ReviewtheoverallprogresstowardsachievingtheobjectiveoftheConvention;d.ConsiderthehistoricalresponsibilitiesofPartiesinrelationtotheglobaltemperatureincrease;e.Increasethelevelofambition.82.Thereview/assessment/mechanismshalltakeplace:Option1:Startingin[X]/aftertheagreementhascomeintoeffect,everyone/two/four/fiveyears;Option2:ImmediatelyfollowingthepublicationofeachIPCCassessmentreports.83.Thereview/assessment/mechanismshallbe:FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.138GE.15-01820Option1:ApplicabletodevelopedcountryParties;Option2:ApplicabletoallParties;Option3:ApplicabletoallParties,asfollows:a.ImplementationandambitionofemissionreductioncommitmentsofdevelopedcountryParties;b.Adequacyandprogressoffinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupportfromdevelopedcountryPartiestodevelopingcountryParties;c.Implementationandfurtherenhancedmitigationand/oradaptationactionbydevelopingcountryParties.84.Thereview/assessment/mechanismshouldinclude:a.InternationalrevisitoftheemissionreductioncommitmentsofdevelopedcountryParties;b.MultilateralconsiderationofdevelopedcountryParties’commitmentsonfinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupport;c.Domesticreflectionandinternationalunderstandingofenhancedactiononmitigationand/oradaptationundertakenbydevelopingcountryParties,inamannerthatisnon-punitive,non-intrusiveandrespectingnationalsovereignties;d.AforumonlessonslearnedoninnovationofsustainabledevelopmentpathwaysamongallParties.85.Thereview/assessment/mechanismtobeconsistentwithscience,onthebasisofequityandsustainabledevelopment,andinformedby:Option1:a.Eachcountry’sprogresstowardstheachievementofitscommitments/contributions,aggregatedglobalemissiontrendsandtheaggregateprogresstowardsattainingtheglobalgoalsestablishedunderthisagreement;b.Assessmentsundertakenpursuanttootherprovisionsofthisagreementoftheadequacyandprogressrelatedtoadaptationandfinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupport;c.Aprocesstofacilitatetheclarity,transparencyandunderstandingofParties’commitments/contributions,wherebytheambitionandfairnessofParties’mitigationcommitmentscanbeconsideredinthelightofthelong-termtemperaturelimit;d.TheassessmentreportsoftheIPCC;e.InformationreportedbyPartiesontheimplementationoftheircommitments/contributions,assetoutinsectionJbelow(Transparencyofactionandsupport);f.InformationcommunicatedbyPartiesontheirfuturecommitments/contributions,assetoutinthissection;g.Aprocessoftechnicalexaminationofmitigationpotential,opportunities,co-benefitsofmitigationactionandpolicyoptionsforenhancingmitigationambition.Option2:a.Eachcountry’sprogresstowardstheachievementofitscommitments/contributions,includinginformationfromthenationalcommunications,biennialreports,inventoriesandnationalinventoryreportsofdevelopedcountryParties,aswellasfromthereviewreportsandtheIARprocess;andinformationfromthenationalcommunicationsandBURs,aswellasfromtheICAprocess;b.Assessmentsundertakenpursuanttootherprovisionsofthisagreementoftheadequacyandprogressrelatedtoadaptationandfinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupportbyfromdevelopedcountryParties;c.Arrangementstofacilitatetheclarity,transparencyandunderstandingofthecommitments/contributions;d.TheassessmentreportsoftheIPCC;e.Assessmentagainstanequityreferenceframeworkbyatechnicalpanelofexperts;f.Thereportonthe2013–2015reviewandsubsequentreviews;g.ReportsofalloftheexistingsubsidiarybodiesundertheConventionandnewinstitutionalarrangementsestablishedbythisagreement;h.Aprocessoftechnicalexaminationofmitigationpotential,opportunitiesandpolicyoptionstoenhancethelevelofambition.86.Onthebasisofthereview/assessment/mechanism:FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182039Option1:ThegoverningbodyshallrecommendadjustmentstoParties’commitmentsinresponsetothefindingsofthereview/action,inordertoharnessunrealizedopportunitiestomitigateandadapttoclimatechangeandtomobilizethenecessaryfinancialsupport.Option2:Partiestotakeintoaccounttherecommendationsarisingfromthereview/assessment/mechanisminpreparingtheirsuccessivecommitments/contributions/actions/Partiestoincreasetheirlevelofambitionafterthereview,including:Option(a):a.Adjustingexistingcommitments/contributions/actionsupwardorcommunicatingmoreambitiousmitigationcommitments/contributionsrelatedtoclimatechange;b.Addressingbarrierstoandconstraintsonimplementationrelatedtotheprovisionoffinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupport.Option(b):a.DevelopedcountryPartiesadjustingtheirexistingcommitments/contributionsupwardorcommunicatingmoreambitiousmitigationcommitments/contributions;b.DevelopedcountryPartiesadjustingtheirexistingcommitments/contributionsupwardorcommunicatingmoreambitiousfinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingcommitments/contributions/policies/measures;c.AddressingbarriersandconstraintsofdevelopingcountryPartiestoimplementationrelatedtotheprovisionoffinance,technologyandcapacity-buildingsupport,andconsideringfurtheractiononimplementationbydevelopingcountryParties.87.Option1:Thegoverningbodyshalldevelopandadoptmodalitiesforthereview/assessment/mechanismby2018,drawingonlessonslearnedfrompreviousreviewprocessesundertheConventionanditsKyotoProtocolinordertoensuretheeffectivenessofthereview/assessment/mechanism;Option2:ThemodalitiesandorganizationoftheworkonthestrategicreviewtobedevelopedandadoptedbasedonanddrawinguponlessonslearnedfrompreviousreviewprocessesundertheConventionanditsKyotoProtocol,includinginteralia:a.ThereviewreferredtoinArticle4,paragraph2(d),oftheConvention;b.TheambitionmechanismundertheKyotoProtocol;c.IARandICA;d.TheclarificationofthequantifiedemissionlimitationandreductioncommitmentsofAnnexIPartiesandtheprocessofunderstandingthediversityofNAMAsbynon-AnnexIParties;e.The2013–2015review;f.ThemultilateralconsultativeprocessfortheresolutionofquestionsregardingtheimplementationoftheConvention,assetoutinitsArticle13:Option(a):UtilizingtheexistingIARandICAprocessesafterfurtheramendingtheirmandatesandguidance;Option(b):Utilizingtheexisting2013–2015reviewafterfurtherimprovingthemodalitiesandorganizationofthework.StructuralsuggestionsonsectionK:TailorthecontentofthissectiontospecificareasMovethecontenttomitigationsectionDividethissectionintotwoparts:sectionKfortransparencyformitigationandsectionKbisontransparencyforcontributionsonsupportMergetheexanteconsideration/consultativeperiodandthestrategicreview/“aggregateconsiderationprocess”Includedetailscontainedinparagraphs76.1,76.2,76.3,76.4and76.5indecisionsRestructuretextinparagraphs70–73asfollows:objectives/purpose,timing,guidanceonmodalitiesMovepara74totransparencyIncludespecificmodalitiesandproceduresindecisionsDividethereviewintoreviewofindividualcommitmentsandaggregatecommitmentsdrawingonelementsfromparagraphs76and81–87.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.140GE.15-01820L.Facilitatingimplementationandcompliance88.InordertoassistPartiesinimplementingtheircommitments/contributionsand/ortoaddresscomplianceissuesinamannerthatisexpert-based,non-confrontationalandnon-judicial:Option1:Thegoverningbodyshalladoptproceduresand/ormechanisms;Option2:Acompliancemechanismorcommittee/implementationcommittee/astandingbodyresponsibleforpromotingimplementationandcomplianceandassessingParties’performanceisestablished;Option3:Implementationshallbestrengthenedthroughenhancedtransparency,includingthroughtheconsiderationofthemultilateralconsultativeprocessunderArticle13oftheConvention;Option4:Nospecificprovisionsrequired.Foroption1andoption2,arrangementsshallcover:a.Regardingcommitments/contributions(substantivescope):Option(a):Allcommitments/contributionsintheagreement,includingreporting;Option(b):Specifiedcommitments/contributions,excludingadaptation,includingreporting;Option(c):ImplementationofParties’schedulesandthesubmissionofbiennialcommunications;Option(d):Mitigation,MRVandaccountingcommitmentsonly.b.RegardingParties:Option(a):AllParties;Option(b):DevelopedcountryPartiesregardingtheircommitments/contributionsonmitigation,finance,transferoftechnologyandcapacity-building.c.Structureofthemechanism/committee:Option(a):Separatebranches–anenforcementbranchforPartiesthathaveaQERCinAnnexA/toreviewcompliancewithcommitmentsmadebydevelopedcountryPartiesandthosedevelopingcountryPartiesthathavemadeeconomy-widequantifiedemissionreductioncommitments,withrespecttotheircommitmentsonmitigation,aswellascommitmentsonadaptation,finance,technologytransferandcapacity-building,andafacilitativebranchforcommitmentsandstrategiesinAnnexB/toreviewtheimplementationofcontributionsmadebydevelopingcountriesandtoassistthemintheireffortstomeetthesecontributions;theComplianceCommitteemayestablishtechnicalpanelstoassistthemintheirtask;Option(b):Astanding,non-political,expertbodyofmemberswhoserveintheirindividualcapacity,responsibleforfacilitatingandpromotingcompliancewiththeobligationsundertheagreement;Option(c):Onebodyforfacilitation;Option(d):Platformstodealwithearlywarning,facilitationandenforcement.d.Modalitiessuchas:Membership;Triggerstocommenceaprocedure:oEarlywarningforpotentialnon-compliance;oTechnicalexpertteamstriggeringquestionsofimplementation.Procedures;Useofeconomicinstruments:oUseofeconomicinstrumentssuchasmarketmechanismsasawaytopromotecompliance.Measuresand/orconsequences:oOption(a):Facilitativemeasuresonly;oOption(b):Facilitativemeasuresandsanctionsforrecurringnon-compliance;oOption(c):Facilitativemeasuresfornon-AnnexIPartiesandsanctionsforAnnexIParties;oOption(d):ExpertgroupsthatsupportdevelopingcountryPartiesinthepreparationandimplementationofcontributions.TheComplianceCommitteeshallreportannuallytotheConferenceofthePartiestothisagreement.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182041M.ProceduralandinstitutionalprovisionsInstitutionalarrangements89.Provisionsrelatingtothegoverningbodyoftheagreement(basedonArticle13(1)oftheKyotoProtocol):TheConferenceoftheParties,thesupremebodyoftheConvention,shallserveasthemeetingofthePartiestothisagreement.90.Provisionsrelatingtothesecretariat(basedonArticle14oftheKyotoProtocol):ThesecretariatestablishedbyArticle8oftheConventionshallserveasthesecretariatofthisagreement.Article8,paragraph2,oftheConventiononthefunctionsofthesecretariat,andArticle8,paragraph3,oftheConventiononarrangementsmadeforthefunctioningofthesecretariat,shallapplymutatismutandistothisagreement.Thesecretariatshall,inaddition,exercisethefunctionsassignedtoitunderthisagreementandthegoverningbody.91.ProvisionsontheSBSTAandtheSBI(basedonArticle15oftheKyotoProtocol):TheSBSTAandtheSBIestablishedbyArticles9and10oftheConventionshallserveas,respectively,theSBSTAandtheSBIofthisagreement.TheprovisionsrelatingtothefunctioningofthesetwobodiesundertheConventionshallapplymutatismutandistothisagreement.SessionsofthemeetingsoftheSBSTAandtheSBIofthisagreementshallbeheldinconjunctionwiththemeetingsof,respectively,theSBSTAandtheSBIoftheConvention.PartiestotheConventionthatarenotPartiestothisagreementmayparticipateasobserversintheproceedingsofanysessionofthesubsidiarybodies.Whenthesubsidiarybodiesserveasthesubsidiarybodiesofthisagreement,decisionsunderthisagreementshallbetakenonlybythosethatarePartiestothisagreement.WhenthesubsidiarybodiesestablishedbyArticles9and10oftheConventionexercisetheirfunctionswithregardtomattersconcerningthisagreement,anymemberoftheBureauxofthosesubsidiarybodiesrepresentingaPartytotheConventionbut,atthattime,notaPartytothisagreement,shallbereplacedbyanadditionalmembertobeelectedbyandfromamongthePartiestothisagreement.92.Thegoverningbodyshallestablish,buildingontheworkconductedundertheSBSTAregardingtheframeworkforvariousapproaches,meansforcooperativearrangementstobedefinedandaccountedforundertheagreement,thatstrengthenandcreatesynergiesbetweenmechanismsundertheConventionanditsrelatedlegalinstrumentsandmechanismsestablishedortobeestablished,jointlyorindividually,byParties,andavoidthedoublecountingofefforts,including:TheFinancialMechanism;TheTechnologyMechanism;TheflexibilitymechanismsestablishedbyArticles6and12oftheKyotoProtocol;Thenewmarket-basedmechanismdefinedindecision2/CP.17,paragraph83;Alternativepolicyapproaches,suchasjointmitigationandadaptation;AREDD-plusmechanism/TheWarsawFrameworkforREDD-plus;Amechanismforclimateresilienceandsustainabledevelopment;Ajointmitigationandadaptationmechanismfortheintegralandsustainablemanagementofforests;Subnational,nationalandregionalemissionstradingschemes.93.Immunities:Option1:EachPartytothisagreementshallaccordtothepersonsexercisingtheirfunctionsonanyboard,panel,grouporotherinstitutionestablishedbythisagreement,duringtheirjourneytoandfromtheplaceofmeeting,immunityfromlegalprocess.Thegoverningbodyshalldeterminethemodalitiesfortheoperationofimmunities;Option2:Noprovisiononimmunities.Proceduralprovisions/Finalclauses94.Signature,ratification,acceptance,approvalandaccession(basedonArticle24(1)oftheKyotoProtocol):94.1Thisagreementshallbeopenforsignatureandsubjecttoratification,acceptanceorapprovalbyStatesandregionaleconomicintegrationorganizations(REIOs)whicharePartiestotheConventionataspecifiedplaceandtime.Thereafter,theagreementwouldbeopenforaccessionbysuchStatesandREIOs;94.2ProvisionsonREIOs(basedonArticle22(2)and(3)oftheConvention):AnyREIOwhichbecomesaPartytotheagreementwithoutanyofitsmemberStatesbeingaPartyshallbeboundbyalltheobligationsunderFCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.142GE.15-01820theagreement.InthecaseofREIOswithoneormorememberStatesthatarePartiestotheagreement,theorganizationanditsmemberStatesshalldecideontheirrespectiveresponsibilitiesfortheperformanceoftheirobligationsundertheagreement.Insuchcases,theorganizationandthememberStatesshallnotbeentitledtoexerciserightsundertheagreementconcurrently.Intheirinstrumentsofratification,acceptance,approvaloraccession,REIOsshalldeclaretheextentoftheircompetencewithrespecttothemattersgovernedbytheagreement.TheseorganizationsshallalsoinformtheDepositary,whoshallinturninformtheParties,ofanysubstantialmodificationintheextentoftheircompetence;94.3Additionalrequirementsondepositofinstrumentsofratification,acceptance,approvaloraccession:Option1:Requirementsrelatingtothesubmissionofnationalschedulesatthesametimeasdepositofinstrumentsofratification,acceptance,approvaloraccession;Option2:Noadditionalrequirements.95.Entryintoforce:95.1Option1:Allentryintoforceprovisionssetoutinparagraph95.2toprecludeentryintoforcebefore2020;Option2:Entryintoforceprovisionstoallowforpossibilityofentryintoforceby2020.95.2Option1:Thisagreementshallenterintoforceonthethirtieth/ninetiethdayafterthedateonwhichnotlessthan10/50/[X](anumberthatisnotover-orunder-inclusive)PartiestotheConventionhavedepositedtheirinstrumentsofratification,acceptance,approvaloraccession;Option2:Theagreementwillcomeintoeffectonandbeimplementedfrom2020,subjecttothedepositof[X]numberofinstrumentsofratification,acceptance,approval,oraccession;Option3:AdoublethresholdthatincludesbothanumberofPartiesratifyingandapercentageofglobalemissionreductionscoveredbytheratifyingParties/aminimumofglobalemissionsfromParties;Option4:Theagreementwillenterintoforceon[X]date(“from2020”),providedthat[X]numberofPartieshavedepositedtheirinstrumentsandthatthetotalofemissionsofsuchPartiesconstitutes[X]percentoftheglobaltotalofemissionsinyear[X].Ifsuchthresholdshavenotbeenmetby[X]date,theagreementwillenterintoforce[X]daysafterthethresholdshavebeenmet;Option5:Entryintoforceuponeitherasufficientlyhighnumber([X])ofPartiesorapercentage([X])ofglobalGHGemissionscovered,whicheveroccursfirst,butnotearlierthanon1January2020.95.3ForeachStateorREIOthatratifies,acceptsorapprovestheagreementoraccedestheretoaftertheentryintoforceaccordingtoparagraph95.1,theagreementshallenterintoforceontheninetieth/[X]dayafterthedateofdepositbysuchStateorREIOofitsinstrumentofratification,acceptance,approvaloraccession(basedonArticle23(2)oftheConvention);95.4ProvisionsonREIOs(basedonArticle23(3)oftheConvention):Forthepurposesofparagraph95,anyinstrumentdepositedbyaREIOshallnotbecountedasadditionaltothosedepositedbyStatesmembersoftheorganization;95.5Provisionalapplication:Option1:APartytotheConventionthatintendstoratify,approve,acceptoraccedetothisagreement,mayatanytimenotifytheDepositarythatitwillapplythisagreementprovisionallyforaperiodnotextendingbeyondthetimeofentryintoforceoftheagreement;Option2:Nospecificprovisiononprovisionalapplication.96.Amendmentstotheagreement(basedonArticle15oftheConvention):96.1AnyPartymayproposeamendmentstotheagreement;96.2Amendmentstotheagreementshallbeadoptedatanordinarysessionofthegoverningbody.ThetextofanyproposedamendmenttotheagreementshallbecommunicatedtothePartiesbythesecretariatatleastsixmonthsbeforethemeetingatwhichitisproposedforadoption.Thesecretariatshallalsocommunicateproposedamendmentstothesignatoriestotheagreementand,forinformation,totheDepositary;96.3ThePartiesshallmakeeveryefforttoreachagreementonanyproposedamendmenttotheagreementbyconsensus.Ifalleffortsatconsensushavebeenexhausted,andnoagreementreached,theamendmentshallasalastresortbeadoptedbyathree-fourthsmajorityvoteofthePartiespresentandvotingatthemeeting.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1GE.15-0182043TheadoptedamendmentshallbecommunicatedbythesecretariattotheDepositary,whoshallcirculateittoallPartiesfortheiracceptance;96.4InstrumentsofacceptanceinrespectofanamendmentshallbedepositedwiththeDepositary.Anamendmentadoptedinaccordancewithparagraph3aboveshallenterintoforceforthosePartieshavingaccepteditontheninetiethdayafterthedateofreceiptbytheDepositaryofaninstrumentofacceptancebyatleastthreefourthsofthePartiestotheagreement;96.5TheamendmentshallenterintoforceforanyotherPartyontheninetiethdayafterthedateonwhichthatPartydepositswiththeDepositaryitsinstrumentofacceptanceofthesaidamendment;96.6ForthepurposesofthisArticle,“Partiespresentandvoting”meansPartiespresentandcastinganaffirmativeornegativevote.97.Amendmentstoanyannexestotheagreement:Option1:AmendmentstotheAnnexestothisagreement,whichareanintegralpartoftheagreement,shallbeadoptedbythegoverningbodyandshallapplyforthwith,withouttherequirementofaratificationprocess;Option2:97.1Annexestotheagreementshallformanintegralpartthereofand,unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedfor,areferencetotheagreementconstitutesatthesametimeareferencetoanyannexesthereto.WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofArticleX,paragraphsxandx,suchannexesshallberestrictedtolists,formsandanyothermaterialofadescriptivenaturethatisofascientific,technical,proceduraloradministrativecharacter;97.2AnnexestotheagreementshallbeproposedandadoptedinaccordancewiththeproceduresetforthinArticleX,paragraphsxandx;97.3Anannexthathasbeenadoptedinaccordancewithparagraph97.2aboveshallenterintoforceforallPartiestotheagreementsixmonthsafterthedateofthecommunicationbytheDepositarytosuchPartiesoftheadoptionoftheannex,exceptforthosePartiesthathavenotifiedtheDepositary,inwriting,withinthatperiodoftheirnon-acceptanceoftheannex.TheannexshallenterintoforceforPartieswhichwithdrawtheirnotificationofnon-acceptanceontheninetiethdayafterthedateonwhichwithdrawalofsuchnotificationhasbeenreceivedbytheDepositary;97.4Theproposal,adoptionandentryintoforceofamendmentstoannexestotheagreementshallbesubjecttothesameprocedureasthatfortheproposal,adoptionandentryintoforceofannexestotheagreementinaccordancewithparagraphs97.2and97.3above;97.5Iftheadoptionofanannexoranamendmenttoanannexinvolvesanamendmenttotheagreement,thatannexoramendmenttoanannexshallnotenterintoforceuntilsuchtimeastheamendmenttotheagreemententersintoforce.Option3:Opt-in(ratificationprocedure).Option4:Simplifiedprocedureforthemitigationcommitments.98.Settlementofdisputes(basedonArticle19oftheKyotoProtocol):TheprovisionsofArticle14oftheConventiononsettlementofdisputesshallapplymutatismutandistothisagreement.99.Voting/Righttovote(basedonArticle18oftheConvention):99.1EachPartyshallhaveonevote,exceptasfollows:REIOs,inmatterswithintheircompetence,shallexercisetheirrighttovotewithanumberofvotesequaltothenumberoftheirmemberStatesthatarePartiestothisagreement.SuchanorganizationshallnotexerciseitsrighttovoteifanyofitsmemberStatesexercisesitsright,andviceversa;99.2PlaceholderforprovisionswithrespecttoPartieswhoputforwardajointcontribution.100.Depositary(basedonArticle19oftheConvention):TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNationsshallbetheDepositaryofthisagreement:Option1:InadditiontothenormalfunctionsoftheDepositary,theDepositaryshouldalsoholdandmanagearepositoryofcountrycontributiondocuments;Option2:NoadditionalfunctionsfortheDepositary.101.Reservations(basedonArticle24oftheConvention):Option1:Noreservationsmaybemadetothisagreement;Option2:Provideforreservations.FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.144GE.15-01820102.Withdrawal(basedonArticle25oftheConvention):Atanytimeafter[X]yearsfromthedateonwhichthisagreementhasenteredintoforceforaParty,thatPartymaywithdrawfromthisagreementbygivingwrittennotificationtotheDepositary.AnysuchwithdrawalshalltakeeffectuponexpiryofoneyearfromthedateofreceiptbytheDepositaryofthenotificationofwithdrawal,oronsuchlaterdateasmaybespecifiedinthenotificationofwithdrawal.AnyPartythatwithdrawsfromtheConventionshallbeconsideredasalsohavingwithdrawnfromthisagreement.103.Authentictext(basedonArticle26oftheConvention):Theoriginalofthisagreement,ofwhichtheArabic,Chinese,English,French,RussianandSpanishtextsareequallyauthentic,shallbedepositedwiththeSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.StructuralsuggestionsAllinstitutionalissuesshouldbeaddressedinoneplace.Includespecificinstitutionalarrangementsundertherespectiveelementsoftheagreement.Considertherelationshipbetweenthevariousmechanismsoncethereisclarityonthecontentofnewmechanisms.Annex/AnnexA/AnnexB/Attachments(forparagraph77,options1,2and3)[…]10thplenarymeeting14December2014