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Approved VCS Methodology

VM0021

Version 1.0, 16 November 2012

Sectoral Scope 14

Soil Carbon Quantification

Methodology

VM0021, Version 1.0

Sectoral Scope 14

Methodology developed by:

The Earth Partners LLC.

VM0021, Version 1.0

Sectoral Scope 14

RELATIONSHIP TO APPROVED OR PENDING METHODOLOGIES

To date no similar methodologies have been approved under the VCS Program.

Four related methodologies are currently under development or approved under the VCS Program:

 ALM Adoption of Sustainable Grassland Management through Adjustment of Fire and Grazing

(methodology under development)- This methodology is limited to activities on uncultivated

grasslands where fire is a potential occurrence.

 Agricultural Land Management – Improved Grassland Management (methodology under

development) – This methodology is dependent on the existence of applicable, tested soil models

for determining soil carbon.

 VM0017 Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Land Management (SALM) – This methodology

focuses on a specific set of management practices

 Methodology for Sustainable Grassland Management (SGM) (methodology under development) –

This methodology is specific to sustainable grassland management projects where ongoing

degradation is occurring and is expected to continue

 Calculating Emission Reductions in Rice Management Systems (methodology under

development) – This methodology is specific to reducing emissions from rice cultivation.

All of these existing proposed methodologies focus on specific elements of the ALM continuum. The use

of soil carbon prediction models such as Century and DNDC are widely applied in these methodologies.

This methodology is much more general, and is designed to be applicable to projects where a wide

variety of activities may occur under the baseline or project scenario, such as timber harvesting, and

fertilization. Soil carbon is measured in both the baseline and project scenarios and the DNDC model is

used only for quantifying the methane and nitrous oxide emissions.

/30

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ApprovedVCSMethodologyVM0021Version1.0,16November2012SectoralScope14SoilCarbonQuantificationMethodology©2012TheEarthPartnersLLC.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners1Methodologydevelopedby:TheEarthPartnersLLC.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners2RELATIONSHIPTOAPPROVEDORPENDINGMETHODOLOGIESTodatenosimilarmethodologieshavebeenapprovedundertheVCSProgram.FourrelatedmethodologiesarecurrentlyunderdevelopmentorapprovedundertheVCSProgram:ALMAdoptionofSustainableGrasslandManagementthroughAdjustmentofFireandGrazing(methodologyunderdevelopment)-Thismethodologyislimitedtoactivitiesonuncultivatedgrasslandswherefireisapotentialoccurrence.AgriculturalLandManagement–ImprovedGrasslandManagement(methodologyunderdevelopment)–Thismethodologyisdependentontheexistenceofapplicable,testedsoilmodelsfordeterminingsoilcarbon.VM0017AdoptionofSustainableAgriculturalLandManagement(SALM)–ThismethodologyfocusesonaspecificsetofmanagementpracticesMethodologyforSustainableGrasslandManagement(SGM)(methodologyunderdevelopment)–ThismethodologyisspecifictosustainablegrasslandmanagementprojectswhereongoingdegradationisoccurringandisexpectedtocontinueCalculatingEmissionReductionsinRiceManagementSystems(methodologyunderdevelopment)–Thismethodologyisspecifictoreducingemissionsfromricecultivation.AlloftheseexistingproposedmethodologiesfocusonspecificelementsoftheALMcontinuum.TheuseofsoilcarbonpredictionmodelssuchasCenturyandDNDCarewidelyappliedinthesemethodologies.Thismethodologyismuchmoregeneral,andisdesignedtobeapplicabletoprojectswhereawidevarietyofactivitiesmayoccurunderthebaselineorprojectscenario,suchastimberharvesting,andfertilization.SoilcarbonismeasuredinboththebaselineandprojectscenariosandtheDNDCmodelisusedonlyforquantifyingthemethaneandnitrousoxideemissions.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners3TableofContents1Sources.................................................................................................................................................42SummaryDescriptionoftheMethodology............................................................................................43Definitions..............................................................................................................................................74ApplicabilityConditions.........................................................................................................................84.1MandatoryConditions...................................................................................................................84.2OptionalConditions.......................................................................................................................95ProjectBoundary.................................................................................................................................106ProcedureforDeterminingtheBaselineScenario..............................................................................107ProcedureforDemonstratingAdditionality.........................................................................................118QuantificationofGHGEmissionReductionsandRemovals..............................................................118.1BaselineEmissions.....................................................................................................................118.2ProjectEmissions........................................................................................................................178.3Leakage.......................................................................................................................................258.4SummaryofGHGEmissionReductionand/orRemovals..........................................................279Monitoring............................................................................................................................................289.1DataandParametersAvailableatValidation.............................................................................289.2DataandParametersMonitored.................................................................................................289.3DescriptionoftheMonitoringPlan..............................................................................................2810ReferencesandOtherInformation......................................................................................................28VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners41SOURCESThismethodologyanditsmoduleshavebeendevelopedontheaccountingprinciplesassetoutin:IPCC2003GoodPracticeGuidanceforLandUse,Land-UseChangeandForestry.Themodulesusedinthismethodologyare:VMD0018MethodstoDetermineStratificationVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditionsVMD0020MethodstoDeterminetheProjectBoundaryVMD0021EstimationofStocksintheSoilCarbonPoolVMD0022EstimationofCarbonStocksinLivingPlantBiomassVMD0023EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLitterPoolVMD0024EstimationofCarbonStocksintheDeadWoodPoolVMD0025EstimationofWoodyBiomassHarvestingandUtilizationVMD0026EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLongLivedWoodProductsPoolVMD0027EstimationofDomesticatedAnimalPopulationsVMD0028EstimationofEmissionsfromDomesticatedAnimalsVMD0029EstimationofEmissionsofNon-CO2GHGfromSoilsVMD0030EstimationofEmissionsfromPowerEquipmentVMD0031EstimationofEmissionsfromBiomassBurningVMD0032EstimationofEmissionsfromActivityShiftingLeakageVMD0033EstimationofEmissionsfromMarketLeakageVMD0034MethodsforDevelopingaMonitoringPlanVMD0035MethodstoDeterminetheNetChangeinAtmosphericGHGResultingfromProjectActivities2SUMMARYDESCRIPTIONOFTHEMETHODOLOGYThismethodologydescribesmethodsforquantifyingandmonitoringchangesincarbonaccrualin,andemissionsfrom,soils,aswellasfromotherGHGpoolsandsourceswhichmaybeimpactedbysoilfocusedactivities.ThemethodologyisdesignedbasedonguidanceprovidedintheIPCC2003GoodPracticeGuidanceforLandUse,Land-UseChangeandForestry.Thismethodologyhasbeendesignedtobeapplicabletoconservation,ecosystemrestorationandagriculturalprojects,aswellasotherprojectswherethemanagementofsoilsdirectly,ormanagementofhydrology,fertilityandvegetationsystems,canaffectchangesinsoilsandsoilcarbon.Themethodologyisapplicabletoarangeofprojectactivitiesdesignedtoimprovesoils,includingchangestoagriculturalpractices,grasslandandrangelandrestorations,soilcarbonprotectionandaccrualbenefitsfromreductionsinerosion,grasslandprotectionprojects,andtreatmentsdesignedtoimprovediversityandproductivityofgrasslandandsavannaplantcommunities.Theintentionofthedevelopershasbeentocreateamethodologywhichincludessufficientdetailonmethodstoallowawiderangeofprojectproponentstousethemethodsduringthedevelopmentofsoilcarbonprojects.However,accuratelyestimatingandprojectingthevaluesofthevariousecosystemcarbonpoolsdoesrequireasignificantleveloftechnicalabilityonthepartoftheprojectproponentteam.ItisthereforeexpectedthatinmanycaseslandownersandfarmersmayneedtoworkwithpeoplewithVM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners5specifictechnicalskillstocompletethedevelopmentofasoilcarbonprojectdescription(PD)usingthismethodology.Thismethodologyprovidesmethodsforthequantificationofsoilcarbon,aswellasmethodsforquantifyingchangesinvegetationandlitterpoolswhichcanbeimpactedbyprojectactivities,ascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Thismethodologydoesnotaddressprojectsdesignedtoenhancecarbonsequestrationinancientsoils(paleosols)thathavebeenburiedbymorerecentsoilformations.Whilethesamemethodspresentedhereareapplicabletocharacterizetheburiedsubstrates,othermethods(suchasdrillingrigswithadeeperboringcapacityandsplitspoonsamplingequipment)arebeyondthescopeofthismethodology,whichisfocusedontheextantactivesoilsurfacesandactivepresentdayrootingzonessoils.Thismethodologyisfocusedonaddressingthefollowingkeyvariables:Estimatingtheamountofcarboninthesoil,litter,andlivingvegetationpoolsatthestartoftheproject;Monitoringanddocumentingchangesinsoilcarbonandtheothercarbonpoolsovertimeundertheprojectscenario;Projectingchangesinsoilcarbonandotherpoolsunderthebaselinescenario;Estimatingemissionsofnitrousoxidesandmethanefromsoils,and,Estimatingprojectleakage.Themethodologyhasbeendesignedusingamodularapproach.Thismethodologydocumentlaysoutthestepsrequiredtofulfillestimation,projectionandquantificationrequirementsforprojectswishingtoregistercreditsundertheVCS.ThemethodologycallsontheassociatedmodulesforspecifictechniquesandoptionsforestimatingorprojectingtheGHGimpactsofchangesinspecificpoolsandemissions.Themethodologyrequiresthecompletionoffourmaintasks,eachofwhichiscomprisedofanumberofsub-tasks:1.Task1:Identificationofprojectboundary,demonstrationofadditionalityanddeterminationofthebaselinescenario2.Task2:Ex-anteestimationandprojectionofcarbonpoolsandemissionsunderthebaselinescenario3.Task3:Ex-anteestimationandprojectionofcarbonpoolsandemissionsundertheprojectscenario4.Task4:Developmentofamonitoringplansubsequentex-postmonitoringofpoolsandemissionsundertheprojectscenarioaswellasunderthebaselinescenarioifamonitoredbaselineisused,andmonitoringofleakage.Theoverallprocessusedbythemethodologyisshowninthefollowingmethodologymap.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners6Isthemethodapplicable?noyesUseadifferentmethodologyDosupplementaryapplicabilitycriteriaapply?noyesCompletefullseriesoftasksCompleteareducedseriesoftasksAdditionalityDefinebaselineandprojectscenariosIsprojectadditional?noyesNofurtheractionDefineprojectboundaries,pools,emissionsaccountedBaselineEstimatecurrentconditionsforaccountedpoolsProjectmostlikelyfutureconditionsduringthecreditingperiodfortheaccountedpoolsunderthebaselinescenarioSummarizebaselinecabontotalsIsprojectscenariotobeprojected?yesnoProjectscenarioDevelopmanagementplanProjectmostlikelyfutureconditionsduringthecreditingperiodfortheaccountedpoolsundertheprojectscenarioProjectmostlikelyemissionsandleakageundertheprojectscenarioSummarizeprojectcarbontotalsMonitoringPlanDevelopMonitoringPlanChooseanddocumentleakagemonitoringmethodsChooseanddocumentemissionmonitoringmethodsChooseanddocumentcarbonpoolmonitoringmethodsVM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners73DEFINITIONSActivityShiftingLeakage:Activitiesthataremovedbylocalactorsfromwithintheprojectareatooutsideduetotheproject,andwhichresultinlossesofcarboninpoolsoutsidetheprojectarea.Agent:Apersonororganizationundertakingactionswhichimpactthemanagementofcarbonpoolsandemissions.Baseline:Thetotalamountofcarbonwithintheprojectareainabsenceoftheproject.BaselineScenario:Themostlikelysequenceofeventsandactionswhichwouldbeexpectedtooccurwithintheprojectareaintheabsenceoftheproject.CarbonProject:SeeVCSProgramDefinitionsforproject.Conservative:Tendingtoerronthesideofreducedcreditablecarbonincaseswhereuncertaintyexistsastothecorrectvalueofvariables,orrelationshipsamongvariables.CoarseFragments:Piecesofrockorcementedsoils>2mmindiameter,andthereforetoolargetopassthroughthescreenusedinthelaboratorypriortolaboratoryanalyses.DirectlyAttributable:Thechangeoreffectoccursasresultofachainofcausaleventslinkingthechangeoreffecttoanevent,ortotheactionsofanagent.Eachofthecausaleventsorconditionsinthechainmustbeprimarilyanddirectlycausedbythepreviouseventinthechain.Analysisofthelinkagesinthechainshouldshowthatforeachone,thepreviouseventisatleast75%responsibleforthenextevent.Forthisreason,therelationshipbetweenanevent,ortheactionsofanagent,andthedirectlyattributableeffect,typicallyconsistofnotmorethanafewcausallinkages.Ex-ante:Beforethefact.Projectionofvaluesorconditionsinthefuture.Ex-post:Afterthefact.Estimationofvaluesorconditionsinthepresentorpast.LongLivedWoodProducts:Productsproducedfromharvestedtimberwhichisexpectedtopersistandtosequestercarbonforanextendedperiodoftime–typically100years,unlessthereisaspecificreasonforusingadifferenttimeperiod.MonitoringEvent:Thetimeatwhichmonitoringofalloftherelevantvariablesisundertaken,todeterminethenetchangeinatmosphericcarbonattributabletotheproject.MonitoringPeriod:ThetimeperiodspecifiedinamonitoringreportduringwhichGHGVM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners8emissionreductionorremovalsweregeneratedbytheproject.MonitoringPlan:Planinwhichamonitoringscheduleandmethodswillbedocumented.Planned:Changesinthevalueofthevariableareunderthecontrolofidentifiedagentswhoareindependentoftheprojectproponent.ProjectArea:Theareaorareasoflandonwhichtheprojectproponentwillundertaketheprojectactivities.ProjectCreditingPeriod:SeeVCSProgramDefinitions.ProjectScenario:Theactionsandeventswhichareexpectedtooccurasaresultofimplementingtheproject.Significant:Apoolorsourceissignificantifitdoesnotmeetthecriteriaforbeingdeemeddeminimis.SpecificcarbonpoolsandGHGsources,includingcarbonpoolsandGHGsourcesthatcauseprojectandleakageemissions,maybedeemeddeminimisanddonothavetobeaccountedforiftogethertheomitteddecreaseincarbonstocks(incarbonpools)orincreaseinGHGemissions(fromGHGsources)amountstolessthanfivepercentofthetotalGHGbenefitgeneratedbytheproject.Stratification:Thedivisionofanareaintosub-units(strata)whicharerelativelyhomogenousforthevalueofthevariableonwhichthestratificationisbased,whicharerepeatableinthelandscape,andcouldreasonablybeexpectedtobesimilarlyidentifiedandclassifiedbydifferentpeople.Stratum(pluralstrata):Anareaoflandwithinwhichthevalueofavariable,andtheprocessesleadingtochangeinthatvariable,arerelativelyhomogenous.VerificationDate:Adate,atwhichanindependentverifierauditstheresultsofmonitoring.WoodyBiomass:Biomasswhichexistsprimarilyintheformoflignifiedtissues,suchasthatofshrubsandtrees.Typicallyaccountingofwoodybiomassincludesthenonwoodyparts(leaves,etc.)ofplantswhichcontainwoodybiomass.4APPLICABILITYCONDITIONS4.1MandatoryConditionsAllprojectsusingthismethodologymustmeetthefollowingconditions:a.ProjectsmustmeetthemostrecentVCSrequirementsforoneofthefollowingthreeAgriculturalLandManagementactivities:VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners9ImprovedCroplandManagement(ICM)ImprovedGrasslandManagement(IGM)CroplandandGrasslandLand-useConversions(CGLC)b.Asoftheprojectstartdatealloftheprojectareaconsistsofgrasslandsorcroplands.Cropsmayincludewoodyspeciesgrownforfoodproducts,fuelproductsortimber,providingthatthedensitiesofthesecropsdonotmeettherequirementsfordefinitionoftheselandsasforestlands.Theprojectareamustnotconsistofforest,wetlands,orpeatlands,assuchtermsaredefinedundertheVCS.c.Theonlybaselineactivitiesthatcouldbedisplacedbytheprojectactivitiesaregrazingandfodderproduction,cropproductionandtimberproduction.d.Projectactivitiesmustnotincludechangesinsurfaceandshallow(<1m)soilwaterregimesthroughfloodirrigation,drainageorothersignificantanthropogenicchangesinthegroundwatertable.e.Theprojectactivitymustnotcauseasignificantchangeintermitepopulations,ascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.4.2OptionalConditionsThefollowingconditionsdonotneedtobemettoutilizethemethodology.However,eachoftheseconditionsallowsthesimplificationofthemethodologythroughtheeliminationoftherequirementforthecompletionofspecifictasks.a.Theactivitiesandagentswhichhavecausedthedegradationofthecroplands,grasslandsorrangelandsareexpectedtocontinuetoimpacttheareaintheabsenceoftheprojectactivity.Onthatbasis,itcanbedemonstratedthatthetotalcarboncontentofthesoilorganicandinorganiccarbonpoolswithintheprojectareaishighlyunlikelytoincreaseunderthebaselinescenarioduringtheprojectcreditingperiod.Consequenceifmet:Projectproponentmayconservativelyassumethatsoilcarboncontentforallfuturedatesunderthebaselinescenarioshallbeaccountedasequaltothecurrentsoilcarboncontent,subjecttore-assessmentatyear10,asrequiredundertheVCSrules.b.Changesinaboveandbelowgroundlivingbiomasspoolswithintheprojectareacanbeshowntobeinsignificantundereitherthebaselineorprojectscenarios.Consequenceifmet:ProjectproponentisnotrequiredtocompleteTasks2.4,2.5,2.6,3.3,3.4,4.3and4.4ofthisdocument.c.Woodybiomassisfoundwithintheprojectarea,butamountsofcurrentandprojectedwoodharvestunderthebaselineandprojectscenariosarenotsignificant.Consequenceifmet:ProjectproponentisnotrequiredtocompleteTasks2.7,2.8,2.9,3.5,3.6,4.5,and4.6ofthisdocument.d.GHGemissionsfrompopulationsofdomesticatedanimalsareexpectedtoremainthesameordeclineundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners10Consequenceifmet:ProjectproponentisnotrequiredtocompleteTasks2.12,2.13,2.14,3.8,3.9,4.8,and4.9ofthisdocument.e.Nosignificantchangeisexpectedtooccurintheamountsorlocationsofanyofthefollowingconditionsoractivitiesbetweenthebaselinescenarioandtheprojectscenario:Amountorlocationofapplicationoforganicorinorganicfertilizers.Amountorlocationofdomesticatedanimalgrazinganddepositionofmanureorurine.Amountorlocationofareassubjecttoflooding,anddurationofflooding.Amountorlocationofnitrogenfixingspecies.Consequenceifmet:ProjectproponentisnotrequiredtocompleteTasks2.15,2.16,3.10,and4.12ofthisdocument.5PROJECTBOUNDARYTask1:Identificationofprojectboundary,demonstrationofadditionalityanddeterminationofthebaselinescenarioTask1.1ProjectboundarydeterminationRequirement:ForallprojectsGoal:Todeterminetheprojectboundaryforbaselinescenarioandadditionalitypurposes.Method:DeterminetheprojectboundaryusingthemoduleVMD0020MethodstoDetermineProjectBoundary6PROCEDUREFORDETERMININGTHEBASELINESCENARIOTask1:Identificationofprojectboundary,demonstrationofadditionalityanddeterminationofthebaselinescenario(continued)Task1.2BaselinescenariodeterminationRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Todeterminethemostplausiblebaselinescenario.Method:Determinethebaselinescenario(s)fortheprojectareausingthelatestversionoftheCDMCombinedtooltoidentifythebaselinescenarioanddemonstrateadditionalityforA/RCDMprojectactivities.ThetoolhasbeendesignedforA/RCDMprojectactivities,butisusedforthepurposesofthismethodologyinanALMcontext.Assuch,thefollowingapplies:WherethetoolreferstoA/RitmustbeunderstoodasreferringtoALMactivities.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners11Wherethetoolreferstoforestation,itmustbeunderstoodasreferringtotheprojectagriculturallandmanagementactivities,andwherethetoolreferstoforest,itmustbeunderstoodasreferringtoagriculturalland.WherethetoolreferstoCDM,itmustbeunderstoodasreferringtoVCS.WherethetoolreferstotCERsorlCERs,itmustbeunderstoodasreferringtoVCUs.IncasethereisaconflictbetweentheCDMtoolrequirementsandtheVCSrules,thentheVCSrulesmustbefollowed.WherethetoolmakesreferencetoeventsoccurringbeforeorafterDecember311989,itmustbeunderstoodasreferringtoeventsoccurringbeforeorafter10yearspriortotheprojectstartdate.Useofthetoolissubjecttothefollowing:Applicabilityconditions:ThetoolisapplicableforallVCSALMprojecttypesthatcomplywiththeVCSeligibilityrulesassetoutbyAFOLURequirementsv3.2section4.2.2,orupdatedversionStep0:StartDate:MustfollowmostuptodateVCSrules.Step1Point9:IdentifythealternativelandmanagementscenarioinabsenceoftheVCSALMproject7PROCEDUREFORDEMONSTRATINGADDITIONALITYTask1:Identificationofprojectboundary,demonstrationofadditionalityanddeterminationofthebaselinescenario(continued)Task1.3DemonstrationofadditionalityRequirement:RequiredforallprojectsGoal:todeterminetheadditionalityoftheproject.Method:TheprojectproponentmustdemonstratewhetherornottheproposedprojectactivityisadditionalusingthelatestversionoftheCDMCombinedtooltoidentifythebaselinescenarioanddemonstrateadditionalityforA/RCDMprojectactivities,followingthesameguidancegiveninsection6above,orusethelatestversionoftheVCSToolforDemonstrationandAssessmentofAdditionalityinVCSAFOLUProjectActivities.8QUANTIFICATIONOFGHGEMISSIONREDUCTIONSANDREMOVALS8.1BaselineEmissionsEstimationofthecarboncontentofcurrentpools,andprojectionofcarbonpoolsandemissionsunderthebaselinescenarioisundertakenusingthefollowingthesteps:Task2:Ex-anteestimationandprojectionofcarbonpoolsandemissionsunderthebaselinescenarioVM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners12Task2.1ProjectareastratificationforsoilcarbonRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Todividetheprojectareaintooneormorestratawithinwhichtheexistingsoilcarbonpoolsandsoilcarbondynamicsarerelativelyuniform.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0018MethodstoDetermineStratification,withsoilcarbonastherelevantvariableX.Task2.2Estimationofthecurrentcarboncontentofthesoilcarbonpoolperunitofarea,foreachstratumRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Tosampletheorganicandinorganicsoilcarboncontentineachstratumwithasamplingintensitysufficienttoestimate,attherequiredlevelsofstatisticalprecisionandaccuracy,theamountofsoilcarbonperunitarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0022EstimationofStocksintheSoilCarbonPool.Task2.3Projectionofthefuturecarboncontentofthesoilcarbonpoolperunitofarea,foreachstratumRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Toprojectthefutureorganicandinorganicsoilcarboncontentperunitareaineachstratumforeachprojectedverificationdatewithintheprojectcreditingperiodunderthebaselinescenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,andVMD0021EstimationofStocksintheSoilCarbonPool,unlessoptionalapplicabilitycondition(a)(SeeSection4)ismet.TaskNotes:Ifoptionalapplicabilitycondition(a)ofthismethodologyismet,soilswithintheprojectareaaredemonstratedtobesubjecttocontinueddegradation.Therefore,gainsinsoilcarbonunderthebaselinescenariodonotneedtobeprojected.Ifthisapplicabilityconditionismet,themethodologyallowstheprojectproponenttoconservativelyassumethatthecurrentcarboncontentofthesoilswillcontinuetobethecarboncontentofthesoilsthroughouttheprojectcreditingperiodunderthebaselinescenario.Inthiscase,nofurtherworkneedbedoneonthistask.ThisapproachfollowsthesimplifyingprecedentsetinCDMAR-AM0001,nowpartoftheconsolidatedmethodologyCDMAR-ACM0002.Task2.4ProjectareastratificationforbiomassRequirement:Requiredforallprojectswherethedifferenceintotalaboveandbelowgroundbiomasscarbonbetweentheprojectscenarioandthebaselinescenarioatanytimeaftertheprojectstartdateisexpectedtobesignificant.Optionalforallotherprojects.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners13Goal:Todividetheprojectareaintooneormorestratawithinwhichtheexistingvegetationcarbonpoolsandvegetationdynamicsarerelativelyuniform.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0018MethodstoDetermineStratification,withaboveandbelowgroundbiomassstocksperunitareaastherelevantvariableX.Task2.5Estimationofthecarboncontentofcurrentabovegroundwoodyandnon-woodybiomassandbelowgroundlivingbiomasspoolsRequirement:SamecriteriaasTask2.4.Goal:Tosampletheabovegroundbiomasspoolsandderivethebelowgroundbiomasspoolineachstratumwithasamplingintensitysufficienttoestimate,attherequiredlevelsofstatisticalprecisionandaccuracy,theamountofbiomasscarbonperunitarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0022EstimationofCarbonStocksinLivingPlantBiomass.Task2.6ProjectionoffuturebiomasspoolsunderthebaselinescenarioRequirement:SamecriteriaasTask2.4.Goal:Todeterminethemostlikelyfuturechangesintotalbiomasswithintheprojectareaunderthebaselinescenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withbiomasspoolsastherelevantvariableX.Task2.7EstimationoftheamountofcurrentwoodharvestfromwithintheprojectareausedforproductionoflonglivedwoodproductsRequirement:Requiredwheretheharvestofsignificantamountsofwoodybiomasscurrentlyoccurswithintheprojectarea,orisexpectedtooccurinthefutureunderthebaselinescenario,andsomeorallofthatwoodybiomassisusedfortheproductionoflonglivedwoodproducts.Optionalandnotrecommendedinallothercases.Goal:Toestimatethecurrentamountofwoodybiomassharvestingtakingplacewithintheprojectarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0025EstimationofWoodyBiomassHarvestingandUtilization.Task2.8ProjectionoffuturewoodharvestoutputsRequirement:SamecriteriaasTask2.7.Goal:Toprojectthemostprobableamountofwoodybiomassharvesting,andutilizationofthatharvestfortheproductionoflonglivedwoodproducts,thatisexpectedtooccurunderthebaselinescenario.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners14Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withwoodharvestandutilizationforlonglivedwoodproductsastherelevantvariableX.Task2.9LongLivedWoodProductsRequirement:SamecriteriaasTask2.7.Goal:Toprojecttheamountofcarbonwhichwillbesequesteredinlonglivedwoodproductsunderthebaselinescenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0026EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLongLivedWoodProductsPool,withtheoutputsfromTasks2.7and2.8astheinputs.Task2.10EstimationofcurrentdeadwoodpoolswithintheprojectareaRequirement:Requiredwheretherearesignificantamountsofdeadwoodintheprojectareaattheprojectstartdate,andremovalsofdeadwoodthroughutilization,reducedinputsoracceleratedburningaspartofamanagementactivityareexpectedtooccurundertheprojectscenario.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:Toestimatethecurrentamountofbiomasscontainedindeadwoodpools.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0024EstimationofCarbonStocksintheDeadWoodPool.Task2.11ProjectionoffuturedeadwoodpoolswithintheprojectareaRequirement:SameasTask2.10.Goal:Toprojecttheamountofbiomasswhichwillbecontainedindeadwoodpoolsunderthebaselinescenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withdeadwoodpoolsastherelevantvariableX.Task2.12EstimationofcurrentaveragedomesticatedanimalpopulationswithintheprojectareaRequirement:RequiredwhereGHGemissionsfromdomesticatedanimalpopulationswithintheprojectareaareexpectedtobesignificantlygreaterundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenarioatanytimeduringtheprojectcreditingperiod.OptionalunderallothercircumstancesGoal:Toestimatetheaveragecurrentpopulationsofdomesticatedanimalswithintheprojectarea.Methods:UsethemoduleVMD0027EstimationofEmissionsfromDomesticatedAnimals.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners15Task2.13ProjectionoffuturedomesticatedanimalpopulationsunderthebaselinescenarioRequirement:SameasTask2.12.Goal:Toprojectthefuturepopulationsofdomesticatedanimalsunderthebaselinescenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withdomesticatedanimalpopulationsastherelevantvariableX.TaskNotes:Ifatanytimewithintheprojectcreditingperiodthepopulationsofdomesticatedanimalsunderthebaselinescenarioareprojectedtobegreaterthanthosefoundattheprojectstartdate,populationsatthattimemustbeaccountedasbeingequaltocurrentlevels.Conservatively,thismethodologydoesnotaccountforprojectedincreasesinanimalpopulationsandresultingemissionsunderthebaselinescenario.Task2.14EstimationofemissionsofGHGsfromdomesticatedanimalswithintheprojectareaunderthebaselinescenarioRequirement:SameasTask2.11.Goal:ToestimateGHGemissionsfromcurrentandprojectedfuturedomesticatedanimalpopulationsunderthebaselinescenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0028EstimationofEmissionsfromDomesticatedAnimals,withtheoutputsfromTasks2.9and2.10astheinputs.Task2.15EstimationofcurrentsoilemissionsofN2OorCH4fromwithintheprojectareaRequirement:RequiredwhereemissionsofN2OorCH4fromthesoilswithintheprojectareaareexpectedtobesignificantlygreaterundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenarioatanytimewithintheprojectcreditingperiod.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:ToestimatethecurrentemissionsofN2OorCH4fromwithintheprojectarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0029EmissionsofNon-CO2GHGsfromSoils.Task2.16ProjectionoffutureemissionsofN2OorCH4fromthesoilswithintheprojectareaRequirement:RequiredifatanytimewithintheprojectcreditingperiodtheemissionsofN2OorCH4fromthesoilswithintheprojectareaunderthebaselinescenarioareprojectedtobegreaterthanthosefoundundertheprojectscenario.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:Toprojectfutureemissionsfromsoilsunderthebaselinescenario,inthecasethattheseemissionsareexpectedtodecline.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withrelevantinputvariable(s)fromthemoduleVMD0029EstimationofEmissionsofNonCO2GHGfromSoils,astherelevantVM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners16variable(s)X.Then,basedontheoutputsfromthismodule,usethemoduleVMD0029EstimationofEmissionsofNon-CO2GHGfromSoilstoestimatetheprojectedfutureemissions.Task2.17ProjectedemissionsfromuseofpowerequipmentRequirement:Requiredforallprojectswhereemissionsfrompowerequipmentdirectlyattributabletoactivitieswithintheprojectareaareexpectedtobesignificantlygreaterundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Nottobeusedinallothercircumstances.Conservatively,thismethodologydoesnotaccountforemissionreductionsarisingfromreductionsintheuseofpowerequipmentundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Goal:ToprojectGHGemissionsforthemonitoringperiodfromtheuseofpowerequipmentunderthebaselinescenario.NotethatinthismethodologyemissionsofGHGsduetotheuseofpowerequipmentdirectlyattributabletoactivitieswithintheprojectareaareallaccountedasbaselineorprojectemissions,whetherornottheactualemissionsoccurwithintheprojectarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withfuelusesinpowerequipmentastherelevantvariable(s)X.Then,basedontheoutputsfromthismodule,usethemoduleVMD0030EstimationofEmissionsfromPowerEquipmenttoestimatetheprojectedfutureemissions.Task2.18Estimationofcurrentlitterpools.Requirement:Requiredwheresignificantdecreasesinlitterpoolswithintheprojectareaareexpectedundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenarioatanytimewithintheprojectcreditingperiod.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:Toestimatethecarboncontentofthelitterpoolwithintheprojectarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0023EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLitterPool.Task2.19ProjectionoffuturelitterpoolsRequirement:SameasTask2.18.Goal:Toprojectemissionsfromfuturelitterpoolsunderthebaselinescenariowheretheseemissionsareexpectedtodeclineunderthebaselinescenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withrelevantinputvariable(s)fromthemoduleVMD0023EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLitterPool,astherelevantvariable(s)X.TaskNotes:Ifatanytimeintheprojectcreditingperiodthelitterpoolswithintheprojectareaunderthebaselinescenarioareprojectedtobelessthanthoseattheprojectstartdate,litterpoolsforthattimeperiodmustbeaccountedasbeingequaltolevelsattheprojectstartdate.Conservatively,thismethodologydoesnotaccountforprojecteddecreasesinlitterpoolsunderthebaselinescenario.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners17Task2.20SummationofestimatesandprojectionsunderthebaselinescenarioRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Tosumcurrentandfuturecarbonsequestrationandemissionsunderthebaselinescenario.Methods:Usemodule:VMD0035MethodstoDeterminetheNetChangeinAtmosphericGHGResultingfromProjectActivities.8.2ProjectEmissionsTask3:(A)Ex-AnteProjectionofGHGPoolsandEmissionsIntheProjectScenario(ProjectEmissions)Estimationofthecarboncontentofcurrentpoolsandprojectionofcarbonpoolsandemissionsundertheprojectscenarioisundertakenusingthefollowingthesteps:Task3.1Ex-antesoilrestratificationRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Todividetheprojectareaintooneormorestratawithinwhichtheprojectedsoilcarbonpoolsandsoilcarbondynamicsareexpectedtoberelativelyuniformundertheprojectscenario,giventhestratificationdeterminedinTask2.1,andtheproposedtreatmentundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0018MethodstoDetermineStratification,withsoilcarbonastherelevantvariableX.Task3.2Projectionoftreatmentimpactsperstratum,andeffectsonsoilCpoolsRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Toproject,forthetimewithintheprojectcreditingperiod,thechangesinsoilcarbonpoolswhichareexpectedtooccurineachstratumwithintheprojectarea,giventheplannedtreatmentsforthestratum.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withsoilcarbonastherelevantvariableX,andmoduleVMD0021EstimationofStocksintheSoilCarbonPool.Task3.3Ex-antebiomassre-stratificationRequirement:Requiredforallprojectswheresignificantdecreasesinlivingbiomasspoolsareexpectedtooccurundertheprojectscenario,ascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Optionalinallothercircumstances.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners18Goal:Todividetheprojectareaintooneormorestratawithinwhichtreatmentsareexpectedtoresultinlivingvegetationcarbonpoolsandlivingvegetationdynamicswhicharerelativelyuniformforthefullprojectcreditingperiod.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0018MethodstoDetermineStratification,withlivingbiomassastherelevantvariableX.Task3.4Projectionoffutureabovegroundwoodyandnon-woodyandbelowgroundlivingbiomasspoolsundertheprojectscenarioRequirement:SameasTask3.3.Goal:Toprojectforthemonitoringperiodtheabovegroundwoodyandnon-woodybiomassandbelowgroundlivingbiomasspoolsineachstratumbasedonexpectedtreatmentregimes,andtoestimatetheamountoflivingbiomasscarbonperunitareabasedonthoseprojections.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withlivebiomassastherelevantvariableXandthemoduleVMD0022EstimationofCarbonStocksinLivingPlantBiomass.Task3.5ProjectionoffuturewoodharvestoutputsundertheprojectscenarioRequirement:Requiredforallprojectswheretheharvestofwoodybiomasswithintheprojectareaisexpectedtobesignificantlylowerundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenarioatanytimewithintheprojectcreditingperiodandsomeorallofthatwoodybiomassisusedfortheproductionoflonglivedwoodproducts.Optionalbutrecommendedinthecasethatharvestsofwoodybiomassundertheprojectscenarioareexpectedtobesignificantlygreaterthanthoseunderthebaselinescenario.Optional,butnotrecommended,wherenosignificantwoodharvesttakesplaceundereitherthebaselineorprojectscenario,orwherenosignificantchangeinlevelsofwoodharvestareexpectedundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Goal:Toprojectforthemonitoringperiodtheamountofwoodybiomassharvestingwhichisexpectedtotakeplacewithintheprojectareaundertheprojectscenario,andthepercentageofthatharvestwhichisexpectedtobeusedfortheproductionoflonglivedwoodproducts.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withwoodharvestandwoodutilizationastherelevantvariableX.Task3.6ProjectionofCsequestrationinlonglivedwoodproductsRequirement:SameasTask3.5.Goal:Toestimatetheamountofcarbonwhichwillbesequesteredinlonglivedwoodproductsundertheprojectscenario,basedontheprojectionspreparedinTask3.5.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0026EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLongLivedWoodProductsPool,withtheoutputsfromTask3.5astheinputs.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners19Task3.7ProjectionoffuturedeadwoodpoolswithintheprojectareaundertheprojectscenarioRequirement:Requiredwheresignificantamountsofdeadwoodarefoundonthesiteattheprojectstartdate,andremovalsofdeadwoodthroughutilization,reducedinputs,oracceleratedburningaspartofamanagementactivity,areexpectedtooccurundertheprojectscenario.Optionalinallothercircumstances.Goal:Toestimatetheamountofbiomasswhichwillbesequesteredindeadwoodpoolsundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsethemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withdeadwoodpoolsastherelevantvariableX.Task3.8ProjectionoffuturedomesticatedanimalpopulationsundertheprojectscenarioRequirement:RequiredwhereincreasesintheemissionsofGHGsfromdomesticatedanimalpopulationsareexpectedundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Nottobeusedinallothercircumstances.Conservatively,thismethodologydoesnotaccountforprojecteddecreasesinemissionsfromdomesticatedanimalsundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Goal:Toprojectthefuturepopulationsofdomesticatedanimalsforthemonitoringperiodundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withdomesticatedanimalpopulationsastherelevantvariableX.Task3.9EstimationofemissionsofGHGsfromdomesticatedanimalswithintheprojectareaundertheprojectscenarioRequirement:SameasTask2.10.Goal:ToestimatetheemissionsofGHGsfromthecurrentandprojectedfuturepopulationsofdomesticatedanimalsundertheprojectscenariothemonitoringperiodbasedontheprojectionspreparedinTask3.7.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0027EstimationofEmissionsFromDomesticatedAnimals,withtheoutputsfromTask3.7astheinputs.Task3.10ProjectionoffutureemissionsofN2OorCH4fromthesoilswithintheprojectareaRequirement:RequiredwheresignificantincreasesintheemissionsofN2OorCH4fromthesoilswithintheprojectareaareexpectedundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners20Goal:Toestimatefutureemissionsfromsoilsundertheprojectscenario,inthecasethattheseemissionsareexpectedtoincrease.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withrelevantinputvariable(s)fromthemoduleVMD0029EstimationofEmissionsofNonCO2GHGFromSoils,astherelevantvariable(s)X.Then,basedontheoutputsfromthismodule,usethemoduleVMD0029EstimationofEmissionsofNonCO2GHGfromSoils,toestimatetheprojectedfutureemissions.Task3.11ProjectedemissionsfromuseofpowerequipmentRequirement:Requiredforallprojectswhereemissionsfrompowerequipmentdirectlyattributabletoactivitieswithintheprojectareaareexpectedtobesignificantlygreaterundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Notforuseinallothercircumstances.Conservatively,thismethodologydoesnotaccountforemissionreductionsarisingfromreductionsintheuseofpowerequipmentundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Goal:ToestimateGHGemissionsforthemonitoringperiodfromtheuseofpowerequipmentundertheprojectscenario.NotethatinthismethodologyemissionsofGHGsduetotheuseofpowerequipmentdirectlyattributabletotheprojectareallaccountedforasaprojectemissions,whetherornottheyoccurwithintheprojectboundary.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withfueluseinpowerequipmentastherelevantvariable(s)X.Then,basedontheoutputsfromthismodule,usethemoduleVMD0030EstimationofEmissionsfromPowerEquipment,toestimatetheprojectedfutureemissions.Task3.12ProjectionoffuturelitterpoolsRequirement:Requiredwheresignificantdecreasesinthecarboncontentofthelittercarbonpoolareexpectedundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:Toestimatefuturelitterpoolsundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withlittercarbonpoolsastherelevantvariableX.Task3.13ProjectionofbiomassconsumptionbyfireRequirement:Requiredwheresignificantburningisexpectedtobeusedformanagementoftheprojectareaundertheprojectscenario.Optionalbutnotrecommendedotherwise.Goal:Toprojectthefutureamountsofbiomassconsumedbyfireduringtheprojectcreditingperiodundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withbiomassconsumedbyfireastherelevantvariableX.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners21TaskNotes:Thisstepshallbedonetwiceifbiomassburningistobedonebothwithintheprojectarea,andoutsideoftheprojectareaasaconsequenceofdisplacementleakage.Inthatcase,theresultswillbeusedforseparatecalculationsduringTask3.16.Task3.14ProjectionofnonCO2emissionsfromburningRequirement:SameasTask3.13.Goal:ToestimateemissionsofnonCO2GHGsfromburningofbiomass.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0029EstimationofEmissionsofNonCO2GHGfromSoils.TaskNotes:Thisstepshallbedonetwiceifbiomassburningisdonebothwithintheprojectarea,andoutsideoftheprojectareaasaconsequenceofactivityshiftingleakage.Inthatcase,theresultswillbereportedandaccountedseparatelyduringTask3.13above.Task3.15Summationofex-anteestimatesandprojectionsundertheprojectscenarioRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Tosumcurrentandfuturecarbonsequestrationandemissionsundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0035MethodstoDeterminetheNetChangeinAtmosphericGHGResultingfromProjectActivities,settingleakagevariablesto0,asthesewillbeaccountedforinsection8.3below.Task4:(A)Ex-PostAccountingofGHGPoolsandEmissions(ProjectEmissions)Ex-postaccountingofGHGpoolsandemissionsmustbeundertakenpriortoeachverificationevent,andatleastonceevery5yearsduringtheprojectcreditingperiod.Notethatwhereleakagemitigationmeasuresincludetreeplanting,agriculturalintensification,fertilization,fodderproduction,and/orothermeasurestoenhancecroplandand/orgrazinglandareas,thenanysignificantincreaseinGHGemissionsassociatedwiththeseactivitiesmustbeaccountedforusingtherelevantmodule,whetherornottheyoccurwithintheprojectarea,unlesstheyaredeemednotsignificant,orcanotherwisebeconservativelyexcluded.Task4.1Ex-postsoilre-stratificationRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Todividetheprojectareaintooneormorestratawithinwhichthesoilcarbonpoolsandsoilcarbondynamicsarerelativelyuniformatthetimeofsampling.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0018MethodstoDetermineStratification,withsoilcarbonastherelevantvariableX.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners22Task4.2Estimationofthecarboncontentofcurrentsoilcarbonpoolsperunitofarea,foreachstratumRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Tosampletheorganicandinorganicsoilcarboncontentineachstratumwithasamplingintensitysufficienttoallowestimation,attherequiredlevelsofstatisticalprecisionandaccuracy,oftheamountofsoilcarbonperunitarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0021EstimationofStocksintheSoilCarbonPool.Task4.3Ex-postlivingbiomassre-stratificationRequirement:Requiredforallprojectswheretheabovegroundwoodyandnon-woodybiomassandbelowgroundlivingbiomasscarbonundertheprojectscenarioisfoundtobesignificantlylessthanthatprojectedunderthebaselinescenariosatanytimeaftertheprojectstartdate.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Typicallycompletionofthistaskwillberequiredwheretheprojectareabeforetheprojectstartdatecontainsmorethanscatteredwoodyvegetation,andwheretheprojectactivitiesincludeclearance,sitepreparation,burningorotheractivitieslikelytoeliminatewoodyvegetation,oralternativelytoenhancetherecruitmentofwoodyvegetation.Goal:Todividetheprojectareaintooneormorestratawithinwhichthevegetationcarbonpoolsattheendoftheprojectcreditingperiodarerelativelyuniform.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0018MethodstoDetermineStratification,withabove-andbelowgroundlivingbiomassstocksperunitareaastherelevantvariableX.Task4.4Estimationofthecarboncontentofabovegroundwoodyandnon-woodyandbelowgroundlivingbiomasspoolsRequirement:SameasTask4.3.Goal:Tosampletheabovegroundwoodyandnon-woodybiomassandbelowgroundlivingbiomasspoolsineachstratumtoasamplingintensitysufficienttoallowestimationtotherequiredlevelsofstatisticalprecisionandaccuracyoftheamountoflivingbiomasscarbonperunitarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0022EstimationofCarbonStocksinLivingPlantBiomass.Task4.5EstimationoftheamountofwoodharvestfromwithintheprojectareausedforproductionoflonglivedwoodproductsRequirement:Requiredforallprojectswheretheharvestofwoodybiomasswithintheprojectareaisexpectedtobesignificantlylowerundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenarioatanytimewithintheprojectcreditingperiod,andsomeorallofthatwoodybiomassisusedfortheproductionoflonglivedwoodproducts.Optionalbutrecommendedinthecasethatharvestsofwoodybiomassundertheprojectscenarioareexpectedtobesignificantlygreaterthanthoseunderthebaselinescenario.OptionalbutnotrecommendedinthecasewherenosignificantwoodharvesttakesplaceunderVM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners23eitherthebaselineorprojectscenario,orwherenosignificantchangeinlevelsofwoodharvestareexpectedundertheprojectscenario,ascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Goal:Toestimatetheamountofwoodybiomassharvestingtakingplacewithintheprojectareaduringamonitoringperiod.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0025EstimationofWoodyBiomassHarvestingandUtilization.Task4.6LongLivedWoodProductsRequirement:SamecriteriaasTask4.5.Goal:Toprojectamountofcarbonwhichwillbesequesteredinlonglivedwoodproductsderivedfromharvestingfromwithintheprojectareaduringthemonitoringperiod.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0026EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLongLivedWoodProductsPool,withtheoutputsfromTask4.5astheinputs.Task4.7EstimationofdeadwoodpoolswithintheprojectareaRequirement:Requiredwheredeadwoodisfoundonthesiteattheprojectstartdate,andsignificantremovalsofdeadwoodthroughutilization,reducedinputs,oracceleratedburningaspartofamanagementactivity,areexpectedtooccurundertheprojectscenario.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:Toestimatethecurrentamountofbiomasscontainedindeadwoodpools.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0024EstimationofCarbonStocksintheDeadWoodPool.Task4.8EstimationofcurrentaveragedomesticatedanimalpopulationswithintheprojectareaRequirement:Requiredwhereincreasesinemissionsfromdomesticatedanimalswithintheprojectareacouldoccurintheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario,dueeithertoincreasesinpopulationsorchangesinfeedingpractices.,Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:Toestimatetheaveragecurrentpopulationsofdomesticatedanimalswithintheprojectareaduringthemonitoringperiod.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0028EstimationofEmissionsfromDomesticatedAnimals.Task4.9EstimationofemissionsofGHGsfromdomesticatedanimalswithintheprojectareaRequirement:Requiredwhereincreasesinemissionsfromdomesticatedanimalswithintheprojectareacouldoccurintheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinesscenario,dueeithertoincreasesinpopulationsorchangesinfeedingpractices.Notforuseunderallothercircumstances,toconservativelyensurethatcreditingforreductionsinemissionsfromdomesticatedanimalsdoesnotoccur.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners24Goal:ToestimatetheemissionsofGHGsfromthecurrentpopulationsofdomesticatedanimalsduringthemonitoringperiod.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0028EstimationofEmissionsfromDomesticatedAnimals,withtheoutputsfromTask4.8asinputs.Task4.10EstimationofemissionsfromuseofpowerequipmentRequirement:Requiredforallprojectswhereemissionsfrompowerequipmentdirectlyattributabletoactivitieswithintheprojectareacouldbesignificantlygreaterundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Notforuseinallothercircumstances.Conservatively,thismethodologydoesnotaccountforemissionreductionsarisingfromreductionsintheuseofpowerequipmentundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Goal:ToestimateGHGemissionsfromtheuseofpowerequipmentundertheprojectscenarioduringthemonitoringperiod.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0030EstimationofEmissionsfromPowerEquipment.Tasknotes:UnderthismethodologyemissionsofGHGsduetotheuseofpowerequipmentdirectlyattributabletotheprojectareallaccountedasaprojectemission,whetherornottheyoccurwithintheprojectboundary.Task4.11EstimationofnonCO2emissionsfromburningRequirement:Requiredwheresignificantburninghasbeenusedformanagementoftheprojectareaundertheprojectscenario.Optionalbutnotrecommendedunderallothercircumstances.Goal:ToestimateemissionsofnonCO2GHGsfromburningofbiomass.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0031EstimationofEmissionsfromBiomassBurning.Tasknotes:Thisstepmustbedonetwiceifbiomassburningisdonebothwithintheprojectareaandoutsideoftheprojectareaasaconsequenceofdisplacementleakage.Inthatcase,theresultswillbereportedandaccountedseparatelyduringTask4.15and/orTask4.16.Task4.12MonitoringandestimationofsoilemissionsofN2OorCH4fromwithintheprojectareaRequirement:RequiredwheresignificantincreasesintheemissionsofN2OorCH4fromthesoilswithintheprojectareaareexpectedundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:ToestimatetheemissionsofN2OorCH4fromwithintheprojectarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0029EstimationofEmissionsofNonCO2GHGfromSoils.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners25Tasknotes:Theseestimationsareexpectedtobebasedonthesamemodelsasthoseusedduringtheex-anteprojectstudy,unlessimprovementsinmodelshaveoccurredintheinterim.Ineithercase,valuesofvariablesusedinthemodelsmustbeupdatedtoreflectactualconditionswhichhaveoccurredduringthemonitoringperiod.Ifanupdatedmodelisused,andifmodelingofbaselineemissionswasdoneaspartofthebaselinestudy,thatmodelingmustberedoneusingtheimprovedmodels.Task4.13Estimationofcurrentlitterpools.Requirement:Requiredwheresignificantdecreasesinthecarboncontentofthelitterpoolareexpectedundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario.Optionalunderallothercircumstances.Goal:Toestimatethecarboncontentofthelitterpoolwithintheprojectarea.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0023EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLitterPool.Task4.14SummationofestimatesofGHGfluxesundertheprojectscenarioRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Tosumcarbonsequestrationandemissionimpactsdirectlyattributabletotheprojectactivitybasedonthemonitoringundertakenduringthemonitoringperiod.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0035MethodstoDeterminetheNetChangeinAtmosphericGHGResultingfromProjectActivities,settingleakagevariablesto0,asthesewillbeaccountedinsection8.3below.8.3LeakageUndertheVCSrulesGHGpoolsandemissionsaffectedbyleakageareprojectedbothex-anteandaccountedex-post.Notethatprojectsmustnotaccountforpositiveleakage(ie,whereGHGemissionsdecrease,orremovalsincrease,outsidetheprojectareaduetoprojectactivities).Task3:(B)Ex-AnteProjectionofGHGPoolsandEmissionsintheProjectScenario(Leakage)Task3.16Projectionofleakageduetodisplacementofgrazing,fodderandagriculturalproductionRequirement:Requiredforprojectswheredomesticatedanimalgrazingorfodderoragriculturalproductionoccurredwithintheprojectareaattheprojectstartdate,andwheretheseactivitiesareprojectedtodeclinewithintheprojectareaduetoprojectactivities.Goal:Toprojectoffutureemissionsfromagriculturalproduction,domesticatedanimalsorfodderproductiondisplacedundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withdisplacementofdomesticatedanimalsoragriculturalproductionastherelevantvariable(s)X.Then,basedontheoutputsVM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners26fromthismodule,usemoduleVMD0032EstimationofEmissionsfromActivityShiftingLeakage,toestimatetheimpacts.DependingontheresultsfromthemoduleVMD0032EstimationofEmissionsFromActivityShiftingLeakage,calculationsofemissionsmayrequiretheuseofothermodules.Task3.17ProjectionofleakageduetodisplacementofwoodharvestingRequirement:Requiredforprojectswheredisplacementofwoodharvesttoareasoutsideoftheprojectboundaryisprojectedtooccur.Goal:Toprojectfutureemissionsfromwoodharvestdisplacedundertheprojectscenario.Projectionincludesthereductionsinemissionsfromthesedisplacedwoodharvestactivitieswheretheyareexpectedtoresultintheproductionoflonglivedwoodproducts.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditions,withdisplacementofwoodharvestastherelevantvariable(s)X.Then,basedontheoutputsfromthismodule,usemoduleVMD0032EstimationofEmissionsfromActivityShiftingLeakage,toestimatetheimpacts.DependingontheresultsfrommoduleVMD0032EstimationofEmissionsfromActivityShiftingLeakage,calculationsofemissionsmayrequiretheuseofothermodules.Tasknotes:Wherewoodharvestingoccursoutsideoftheprojectboundaryasaresultofactivityshiftingleakage,andwherethatwoodharvestingresultsintheproductionoflonglivedwoodproducts,moduleVMD0026EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLongLivedWoodProductsPoolmustbeusedtoestimatetheamountsofcarbonstoredinwoodproductsresultingfromthewoodharvesting.Task3.18ProjectionofmarketleakageRequirement:Requiredforprojectswherereductionsintheproductionofwood,animalsoragriculturalproductswithintheprojectareaareexpectedundertheprojectscenarioascomparedwiththebaselinescenario,andwhereTasks3.16and3.17donotfindthatdirectdisplacementoftheseactivitiestoidentifiableareasoutsidetheprojectareafullyreplacestheproductionlostwithintheprojectarea.Goal:Toprojectleakagecausedbyincreasesinpricesordemandforproductsresultingfromreducedproductionoftheseproductswithintheprojectareaundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0033EstimationofEmissionsfromMarketLeakage.Task4:(B)Ex-PostAccountingofLeakagefromGHGPoolsandEmissions(Leakage)Task4.15Monitoringandestimationofemissionsfromgrazing,fodderandagriculturalproductiondisplacementRequirement:Requiredforprojectswheredomesticatedanimalgrazingorfodderoragriculturalproductionoccurredwithintheprojectareaattheprojectstartdate,andwheretheseactivitieshavedeclinedwithintheprojectareaduetoprojectactivities.Goal:Estimationofemissionsfromdomesticatedanimalsorfodderproductiondisplacedasaresultofprojectactivitiesduringthecreditingperiod.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners27Methods:UsemoduleVMD0032EstimationofEmissionsfromActivityShiftingLeakage,toestimatetheimpacts.Dependingontheresultsfromthemodule,calculationsofemissionsmayrequiretheuseofothermodules.Task4.16MonitoringandestimationofemissionsfromwoodharvestdisplacementRequirement:Requiredforprojectswherewoodharvestoccurredwithintheprojectareaattheprojectstartdate,andwheretotalwoodharvestfromtheprojectareaoverthemonitoringperiodwilldeclineascomparedwiththatprojectedunderthebaselinescenario.Goal:Estimationofemissionsfromwoodharvestingdisplacedasaresultofprojectactivitiesduringthecreditingperiod.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0032EstimationofEmissionsfromActivityShiftingLeakage,toestimatetheimpacts.Dependingontheresultsfromthe,calculationsofemissionsmayrequiretheuseofothermodules.Wheredisplacedwoodharvestingresultsintheproductionoflonglivedwoodproducts,moduleVMD0026EstimationofCarbonStocksintheLongLivedWoodProductsPool,mustalsobeused.Task4.17EstimationofmarketleakageRequirement:Requiredforprojectswherereductionsintheproductionofwood,animals,oragriculturalproductswithintheprojectareahaveoccurredundertheprojectscenario,ascomparedwiththebaselinescenario,andwhereTasks4.15and4.16donotfindthatdirectdisplacementoftheseactivitiestoidentifiableareasoutsidetheprojectareafullyreplacestheproductionlostwithintheprojectarea.Goal:Toestimateleakagecausedbyincreasesinpricesordemandforproductsresultingfromreducedproductionoftheseproductswithintheprojectareaundertheprojectscenario.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0033EstimationofEmissionsfromMarketLeakage.Tasknotes:IfmarketleakagehasbeenprojectedinTask3,andiftheinputconditionsremainthesameex-postasthosepredictedex-ante,theprojectionscompletedinTask3.14maybeusedtosatisfytherequirementsofthistask.8.4SummaryofGHGEmissionReductionand/orRemovalsTask4:Ex-PostAccountingofGHGPoolsandEmissions(NetEmissionsReductionsand/orRemovals)Task4.18CalculationofGHGemissionreductionsand/orremovalsRequirement:Requiredforallprojects.Goal:Tosummarizenetgreenhousegasbenefitofprojectactivity.Methods:UsemoduleVMD0035MethodstoDeterminetheNetChangeinAtmosphericGHGResultingfromProjectActivities.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners28Tasknotes:NetchangesinatmosphericGHGatt=zcanonlybecalculatedex-post.9MONITORING9.1DataandParametersAvailableatValidationDataandparametersavailableatvalidationaregiveninthemodulesassociatedwiththismethodology.9.2DataandParametersMonitoredDataandparametersavailableatvalidationaregiveninthemodulesassociatedwiththismethodology.9.3DescriptionoftheMonitoringPlanThemonitoringplanmustbepreparedusingmoduleVMD0034MethodsforDevelopingaMonitoringPlan.Thismoduleincludesspecificationsonqualityassuranceandqualitycontrolthatmustbefollowedduringdevelopmentoftheprojectdescriptionandotherprojectdocuments.10REFERENCESANDOTHERINFORMATIONSpecificreferencesaregiveninthemodulesassociatedwiththismethodology.VM0021,Version1.0SectoralScope14Copyright©2012TheEarthPartners29DOCUMENTHISTORYVersionDateCommentv1.016Nov2012Initialversionreleased

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