VCSMethodologyVM0007REDD+MethodologyFramework(REDD+MF)Version1.608September2020SectoralScope14VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-2Methodologydevelopedby:Revisiontoincludeprojectactivitiesonpeatlands(version1.5ofthismethodology)preparedbyPermianGlobal,SilvestrumandGreifswaldUniversityRevisiontoincludetidalwetlandrestorationandconservationactivities(version1.6ofthismethodology)preparedbySilvestrumClimateAssociatesandRestoreAmerica’sEstuariesThismethodologywasrevisedtoincludetidalwetlandrestorationandconservationactivitieswithsupportfromtheCommissionforEnvironmentalCooperation,TheCurtisandEdithMunsonFoundation,TheOceanFoundation,ConservationInternational,BlueVentures,andTheNatureConservancy.RestoreAmerica’sEstuariesandSilvestrumClimateAssociatesalsowishtoacknowledgetheauthors:IginoEmmer,SilvestrumClimateAssociates;BrianNeedelmanandKyleDerby,UniversityofMaryland;SteveCrooks,SilvestrumClimateAssociates;PatMegonigal,SmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCenter;MatthewOreska,UniversityofVirginia;andSteveEmmett-Mattox,RestoreAmerica’sEstuariesandStrategicCollaborations,LLC(current).VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-3TableofContents1Sources.................................................................................................................................................42SummaryDescriptionoftheMethodology............................................................................................63Definitions............................................................................................................................................114ApplicabilityConditions.......................................................................................................................134.1General......................................................................................................................................134.2AllProjectActivities...................................................................................................................134.3REDD.........................................................................................................................................144.4ARR...........................................................................................................................................154.5WRC..........................................................................................................................................165ProjectBoundary.................................................................................................................................185.1GeographicalBoundaries..........................................................................................................195.2TemporalBoundaries................................................................................................................215.3CarbonPools.............................................................................................................................225.4SourcesofGHGEmissions.......................................................................................................256BaselineScenario...............................................................................................................................286.1DeterminationoftheMostPlausibleBaselineScenario............................................................286.2Re-assessingtheBaselineScenario.........................................................................................287Additionality.........................................................................................................................................297.1Projectmethod–allprojectactivitiesnoteligibletousetheactivitymethod............................297.2ActivityMethod–alltidalwetlandsconservationandrestorationprojectactivities..................298QuantificationofGHGEmissionReductionsandRemovals..............................................................298.1BaselineEmissions....................................................................................................................298.2ProjectEmissions......................................................................................................................318.3Leakage.....................................................................................................................................318.4SummaryofGHGEmissionReductionand/orRemovals.........................................................329Monitoring............................................................................................................................................409.1DataandParametersAvailableatValidation............................................................................409.2DataandParametersMonitored...............................................................................................439.3DescriptionoftheMonitoringPlan.............................................................................................4810References..........................................................................................................................................53VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-41SOURCESThismethodologyiscomprisedofanumberofmodulesandtoolseachofwhichhasbeenassignedanabbreviatedtitle(e.g.,CP-AB)whicharereferencedthroughoutthemodulesandtools.Thismethodologyusesthelatestversionsofthefollowingmethodologies,modulesandtools:Methodologies:CDMmethodologyAR-ACM0003AfforestationandreforestationoflandsexceptwetlandsCarbonpoolmodules:VMD0001Estimationofcarbonstocksintheabove-andbelowgroundbiomassinlivetreeandnon-treepools(CP-AB)VMD0002Estimationofcarbonstocksinthedead-woodpool(CP-D)VMD0003Estimationofcarbonstocksinthelitterpool(CP-L)VMD0004Estimationofcarbonstocksinthesoilorganiccarbonpool(mineralsoils)(CP-S)VMD0005Estimationofcarbonstocksinthelong-termwoodproductspool(CP-W)Baselinemodules:VMD0006Estimationofbaselinecarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsfromplanneddeforestation/forestdegradationandplannedwetlanddegradation(BL-PL)VMD0007Estimationofbaselinecarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsfromunplanneddeforestationandunplannedwetlanddegradation(BL-UP)VMD0008Estimationofbaselineemissionfromforestdegradationcausedbyextractionofwoodforfuel(BL-DFW)VMD0041EstimationofbaselinecarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsinARRprojectactivities(BL-ARR)VMD0042Estimationofbaselinesoilcarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsinpeatlandrewettingandconservationprojectactivities(BL-PEAT)VMD0050Estimationofbaselinecarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsintidalwetlandrestorationandconservationprojectactivities(BL-TW)Leakagemodules:VMD0009Estimationofemissionsfromactivityshiftingforavoidingplanneddeforestation/forestdegradationandavoidingplannedwetlanddegradation(LK-ASP)VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-5VMD0010Estimationofemissionsfromactivityshiftingforavoidingunplanneddeforestationandavoidingunplannedwetlanddegradation(LK-ASU)VMD0011Estimationofemissionsfrommarket-effects(LK-ME)VMD0012Estimationofemissionsfromdisplacementoffuelwoodextraction(LK-DFW)VMD0043Estimationofemissionsfromdisplacementofpre-projectagriculturalactivities(LK-ARR)VMD0044Estimationofemissionsfromecologicalleakage(LK-ECO)Emissionsmodules(applicabletobaseline,projectscenarioandleakage):VMD0013Estimationofgreenhousegasemissionsfrombiomassandpeatburning(E–BPB)VMD0014Estimationofemissionsfromfossilfuelcombustion(E-FFC)CDMtoolEstimationofdirectN2Oemissionsfromnitrogenapplication(E-NA)Monitoringmodules:VMD0015MethodsformonitoringofgreenhousegasemissionsandremovalsinREDDprojectactivities(M-REDD)VMD0045MethodsformonitoringgreenhousegasemissionsandremovalsinARRprojectactivities(M-ARR)VMD0046Methodsformonitoringofsoilcarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsandremovalsinpeatlandrewettingandconservationprojectactivities(M-PEAT)VMD0051Methodsformonitoringofsoilcarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsandremovalsintidalwetlandrestorationandconservationprojectactivities(M-TW)Miscellaneousmodules:VMD0016Methodsforstratificationoftheprojectarea(X-STR)VMD0017EstimationofuncertaintyforREDD+projectactivities(X-UNC)VMD0019MethodstoProjectFutureConditionsVMD0052DemonstrationofAdditionalityofTidalWetlandRestorationandConservationProjectActivities(ADD-AM)VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-6Tools:CDMToolfortestingsignificanceofGHGemissionsinA/RCDMprojectactivities(T-SIG)1CDMCombinedtooltoidentifythebaselinescenarioanddemonstrateadditionalityinA/RCDMprojectactivities(T-ADD)2VCSAFOLUNon-PermanenceRiskTool(T-BAR)2SUMMARYDESCRIPTIONOFTHEMETHODOLOGYAdditionalityandCreditingMethodAdditionalityWRCprojectsintidalwetlands:ActivitymethodAllotherprojectactivities:ProjectMethodCreditingBaselineProjectMethodThisREDD+MethodologyFrameworkdocumentisthebasicstructureofamodularREDD+methodology.Itprovidesthegenericfunctionalityofthemethodology,whichframespre-definedmodulesandtoolsthatperformaspecificfunction.Itconstitutes,togetherwiththemodulesandtoolsitcallsupon,acompleteREDD+baselineandmonitoringmethodology.Themodulesandtoolscalleduponinthisdocumentareapplicableto:Projectactivitiesthatreduceemissionsfromplanned(APD)andunplanned(AUDD)deforestationActivitiesthatreduceemissionsfromforestdegradationAfforestation,reforestationandrevegetationactivities(ARR)Projectactivitiesthatreduceemissionsfromplanned(APWD)andunplanned(AUWD)wetlanddegradationWetlandrestorationactivities(RWE)orcombinationsofthese.Hereafterinthismethodologyandallothermodulesrelatedtothismethodologyappliedtoavoidingplanneddeforestationprojects,wheretheterm“planneddeforestation”isused,itreferstobothplanneddeforestationandplanneddegradation.Thereferencetothismethodologyandthemodulesusedtoconstructtheproject-specificmethodologymustbegivenintheprojectdescription(PD).1Availableat:https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/tools/ar-am-tool-04-v1.pdf2Availableat:https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/tools/ar-am-tool-02-v1.pdf;makesuretousethelatestversionofthetoolVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-7IdentificationoftheMostPlausibleVCS-eligibleActivity(ies)ToidentifythetypeofVCS-eligibleprojectactivity,usethedecisiontreesinTables1to3below.Thedecisiontreesmustbeusedtoprovideabroadindicationoflikelybaselinetypeandapplicability.Ultimately,therelevantbaselinemodules(BL-UP–avoidingunplanneddeforestationorwetlanddegradation;BL-PL–avoidingplanneddeforestation,planneddegradation,orplannedwetlanddegradation;BL-DFW–avoidingforestdegradation(fuelwood/charcoal);BL-ARR-landsuitedforARR;BL-PEAT–peatlandandBL-TW–tidalwetland)mustbeappliedwithrelevantapplicabilityconditionsandcriteria.Provideallthenecessaryevidencetodemonstratethetypeofeligibleactivityasgivenineachmodule.Aprojectcanincludeareassubjecttodifferenteligibleactivities(e.g.,AreaA=avoidingplanneddeforestation;AreaB=avoidingunplanneddeforestation;AreaC=avoidingdegradation;AreaD=reforestation;AreaE=peatlandrewettingandreforestation;AreaF=tidalwetlandrestorationandreforestation).Insuchcasestheareasthatareeligiblefordifferentcategoriesmustbecapturedbydifferentstrataandclearlydelineated(i.e.,withoutspatialoverlap),andtheproceduresoutlinedbelowappliedtoeachofthemseparately.Projectsmaybestand-aloneREDD,ARRand/orWRC.ProjectsmaycombineWRCwithREDD,orWRCwithARR,inasinglearea,inwhichcasetheymustapplyconcomitantlytheproceduresforbothcategoriesprovidedinthismethodology,unless,inthecaseofstand-aloneREDDorARRonwetlands,theexpectedemissionsfromthesoilorganiccarbonpoolorchangeinthesoilorganiccarbonpoolintheprojectscenarioisdeemeddeminimis,or,inthecaseofstand-aloneRWEwithpresenceofvegetation,theexpectedemissionsfromthebiomasspoolorchangeinthebiomasspoolintheprojectscenarioisdeemeddeminimis.ThetoolT-SIGmustbeusedtojustifytheomissionofcarbonpoolsandemissionsources.ThedemonstrationofeligibilitymustbereportedinthePD.Tables1and2belowprovideadecisiontreeforidentifyingthetypesofREDDandARRprojectactivitieseligibleunderthismethodology.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-8Table1:DecisionTreeforDeterminingREDDProjectActivityTypeIstheforestlandexpectedtobeconvertedtonon-forestlandinthebaselinecase,orexpectedtobesubjecttoauthorizedconversiontoamanagedtreeplantationinthebaselinecase?YES3NOIsthelandlegallyauthorizedanddocumentedtobeconvertedtonon-forestoramanagedtreeplantation?Istheforestinthebaselineexpectedtodegradebyfuelwoodextractionorcharcoalproduction?YES4NOYESNOAvoidingplanneddeforestation/planneddegradationAvoidingunplanneddeforestationAvoidingforestdegradationProposedprojectisnotaVCSREDD+5activitycurrentlycoveredbythemethodologyTable2:DeterminingARRSuitabilityIspartorallofthelandnon-forestlandorwithdegradedandunmanagedforest?YESNOSuitableforARRNotsuitableforARRIftheprojectareaincludespeatlandalreadydrained6,ortidalwetlandsalreadydegraded7orthatwouldbedrainedordegradedinthebaselinecase,theprojectmustcombinetheprojectactivitiesidentifiedabovewiththeWRCcategory,assetoutinTable3below.Table3:DeterminationofWRCandCombinedCategoriesBaselineScenarioProjectActivityCombinedorStand-aloneCategoriesPre-ProjectConditionLandCoverDrainedpeatlandordegradedtidalwetlandNon-forestPeatlandrewettingortidalwetlandrestoration#combinedwithconversiontoforest,orrevegetationRWE+ARRWetlandrestorationwithoutvegetationestablishmentordeRWE3Iftheansweris“yes”,evidencemustbeprovidedbasedontheapplicationoftheappropriatebaselinemodule(BL-PLforAPDandBL-UPforAUDD).4Iftheansweris“yes”,evidencemustbeprovidedbasedontheapplicationofModuleBL-PL.Projectsarerequiredtoshowlegalpermissibilitytodeforest,suitabilityofprojectareaforconversionandintenttodeforest.5IfdegradationisoccurringthroughlegalorsanctionedtimberproductionthisisaneligibleIFMactivity.6SeeVCSProgramDefinitions7SeeSection3VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-9minimisvegetationchangesForestwithdeforestation/forestdegradationPeatlandrewettingandavoidingdeforestation/forestdegradationortidalwetlandrestorationandavoidingdeforestation/forestdegradationRWE+REDDUndrainedorpartiallydrainedpeatlandorintactorpartiallyalteredtidalwetland8Non-forestAvoidingdrainageand/orinterruptedsedimentsupplyAvoidingconversiontoopenwaterorimpoundedwetlandAvoidingdegradationCIWForestwithdeforestation/forestdegradationAvoidingdrainageorwetlanddegradationcombinedwithavoidingdeforestation/forestdegradationCIW+REDD#Includeswetlandcreation(seeVCSMethodologyRequirements).IncludesAvoidingUnplannedWetlandDegradation(AUWD)andAvoidingPlannedWetlandDegradation(APWD).Improvedforestmanagement(IFM)isnotcoveredbythismethodology.InTable4below,themodulesandtoolsarelisted,anditisindicatedwhenuseofmodules/toolsismandatory,optionalornotapplicableundereachactivitytype.WhereREDDorARRprojectactivitiestakeplaceincombinationwithWRC,theprojectmustadheretoboththerespectiveprojectcategorymodulesandtherelevantWRCmodules.Forexample,anAUDDprojectcombinedwithAUWDontidalwetland,mustfollowtheinstructionsprovidedinbothrespectivecolumns.8TheCIWcategoryincludesactivitiesthatreduceGHGemissionsbyavoidingdegradationand/ortheconversionofwetlandsthatareintactorpartiallyalteredwhilestillmaintainingtheirnaturalfunctions,includinghydrologicalconditions,sedimentsupply,salinitycharacteristics,waterqualityand/ornativeplantcommunities.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-10Table4:DeterminationofWhenModule/ToolUseisMandatory(M)orOptional(O)forallprojectactivitiescoveredbythismethodologyModuleAUDDAPDAD#ARRRWEAUWDAPWDPeatlandTidalWetlandsPeatlandTidalWetlandsPeatlandTidalWetlandsREDD+MFMMMMMMMMMMM-REDDMMM---MMMMM-ARR---M------M-PEAT----M-M-M-M-TW-----M-M-MT-ADDMMMMM@M@M@T-BARMMMMMMMMMMX-UNCMMMMMMMMMMX-STRMMM-MMMMMMBL-UPM-----MM--BL-PL-M------MMBL-DFW--M-------BL-ARR---M------BL-PEAT----M-M-M-BL-TW-----M-M-MLK-ASUM-----MM--LK-ASP-M------MMLK-DFW--M-------LK-ARR---M------LK-ECO----MMMMMMLK-ME(m)1(m)1(m)2-------CP-ABMMM-------CP-D(m)3(m)3(m)3-------CP-LOOO-------CP-SOOO-------CP-W(m)1(m)1--------VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-11ModuleAUDDAPDAD#ARRRWEAUWDAPWDPeatlandTidalWetlandsPeatlandTidalWetlandsPeatlandTidalWetlandsE-BPBMMM-MMMMMME-FFCOOO-(m)5(m)5OOOOE-NA(m)4OO-------#AvoidingDegradation(Fuelwood/Charcoal)-NotapplicableMModulesmarkedwithanMarefullymandatoryforthegivenprojectactivity(i.e.,theindicatedmodulesandtoolsmustbeused)OModulesmarkedwithanOarefullyoptionalforthegivenprojectactivity(i.e.,theindicatedpoolsandsourcescanbeincludedorexcludedasdecidedbytheproject,butifincludedinthebaselinetheymustalsobeincludedintheprojectscenario)(m)1Mandatoryforthegivenprojectactivitywheretheprocessofdeforestationinvolvestimberharvestingforcommercialmarkets(m)2Mandatoryforthegivenprojectactivitywherefuelwoodorcharcoalisharvestedforcommercialmarkets(m)3Mandatoryforthegivenprojectactivityifthiscarbonpoolisgreaterinbaseline(post-deforestation/degradation)thanprojectscenarioandsignificant;otherwisecanbeconservativelyomitted(m)4Mandatoryforthegivenprojectactivitywhereleakagepreventionactivitiesincludeincreasesintheuseoffertilizers(m)5Mandatoryforthegivenprojectactivityontidalwetlandswhereitincludesfossilfuelcombustion;otherwiseoptionalVCSAFOLURequirementsandthetoolT-SIGmustbeusedtojustifytheomissionofcarbonpoolsandemissionsourcesProceduresprovidedinModulesBL-ARRandM-ARRProceduresprovidedinModulesBL-PEATandM-PEATorBL-TWandM-TW(ifWRCactivitiesarecombinedwithREDD,CPmodulesmustbeusedexceptModuleCP-S)@Fortidalwetlands,anactivitymethodisapplicable(seeModuleADD-AM)3DEFINITIONSInadditiontothedefinitionssetoutintheVCSProgramdocumentProgramDefinitions,thefollowingdefinitionsapplytothismethodology:BaselinePeriodTheperiodoftimewithafixedbaseline(10years),applicabletoREDDandWRCbaselinesVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-12DegradedWetlandAwetlandwhichhasbeenalteredbyhumanornaturalimpactthroughtheimpairmentofphysical,chemicaland/orbiologicalproperties,andinwhichthealterationhasresultedinareductionofthediversityofwetland-associatedspecies,soilcarbonand/orthecomplexityofotherecosystemfunctionswhichpreviouslyexistedinthewetland.ExpertJudgmentJudgmentonmethodologicalchoiceandchoiceofinputdataandtofillgapsintheavailabledata,toselectdatafromarangeofpossiblevaluesoronuncertaintyrangesasestablishedintheIPCC2006GoodPracticeGuidance.Obtainingwell-informedjudgmentsfromdomainexpertsregardingbestestimatesanduncertaintiesofinputstothequantificationofemissionreductionsisanimportantaspectinvariousproceduresthroughoutthismethodology.TheguidanceprovidedinChapter2,Volume1(ApproachestoDataCollection)mustbeused,inparticular,Section2.2andAnnex2A.1oftheIPCC2006GuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories.HistoricalReferencePeriodThehistoricalperiodpriortotheprojectstartdatethatservesasthesourceofdatafordefiningthebaseline.OrganicSoilSoilwithasurfacelayerofmaterialthathasasufficientdepthandpercentageoforganiccarbontomeetthresholdssetbytheIPCC(Wetlandssupplement)fororganicsoil.Whereusedinthismethodology,thetermpeatisusedtorefertoorganicsoil.TerrestrialOnland,inthecontextofthismethodology,thoughnotonawetland.TidalWetlandAsubsetofwetlandsundertheinfluenceofthewettinganddryingcyclesofthetides(e.g.,marshes,seagrassmeadows,tidalforestedwetlandsandmangroves).Sub-tidalseagrassmeadowsarenotsubjecttodryingcycles,butarestillincludedinthisdefinition.TidalWetlandRestorationReestablishingorimprovingthehydrology,salinity,waterquality,sedimentsupplyand/orvegetationindegradedorconvertedtidalwetlands.Forthepurposeofthismethodology,thisdefinitionalsoincludesactivitiesthatcreatewetlandecologicalconditionsonuplandsundertheinfluenceofsealevelriseoractivitiesthatconvertonewetlandtypetoanotheroractivitiesthatconvertopenwatertowetland.AcronymsAPDAvoidingPlannedDeforestationAPWDAvoidingPlannedWetlandDegradationARRAfforestation,ReforestationandRevegetationAUDDAvoidingUnplannedDeforestationandforestDegradationAUWDAvoidingUnplannedWetlandDegradationVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-13CIWConservationofIntactWetlandsCUPPConservationofUndrainedorPartiallydrainedPeatlandPDProjectDescriptionRDPRewettingofDrainedPeatlandREDDReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandforestDegradationRWERestorationofWetlandsEcosystemsSOCSoilOrganicCarbonVCSVerifiedCarbonStandardVCUVerifiedCarbonUnitVVBValidationandVerificationBodyWRCWetlandsRestorationandConservationFordefinitionsofVCSAFOLUprojectcategoriesrefertotheVCSStandard.4APPLICABILITYCONDITIONS4.1GeneralThisREDD+MethodologyFrameworkisacompilationofmodulesandtoolsthattogetherdefinetheprojectactivityandnecessarymethodologicalsteps.Bychoosingtheappropriatemodules,aproject-specificmethodologycanbeconstructed.ThejustificationofthechoiceofmodulesandwhytheyareapplicabletotheproposedprojectactivitymustbegiveninthePD.Specificapplicabilityconditionsexistforeachmoduleandmustbemetforthemoduletobeused.Thismethodologyincludesunplannedforestdegradationcausedonlybyextractionofwoodforfuel.Nomodulesareincludedforactivitiestoreduceemissionsfromforestdegradationcausedbyillegalharvestingoftreesfortimber.9Useofthismethodologyissubjecttothefollowingapplicabilityconditions,notingtheprojectmustalsocomplywiththeapplicabilityconditionsoftheappliedmodulesandtools.4.2AllProjectActivitiesAlllandareasregisteredundertheCDMorunderanyotherGHGprogram(bothvoluntaryandcompliance-oriented)mustbetransparentlyreportedandexcludedfromtheprojectarea.TheexclusionoflandintheprojectareafromanyotherGHGprogrammustbemonitoredovertimeandreportedinthemonitoringreports.9Illegaltimberharvestmaybeoccurringintheprojectareainthebaselinebutconservativelynobenefitcanbecalculatedforpreventingtimberharvests,andanyemissionsarisingfromtimberharvestsintheprojectcasemustbemonitoredanddeductedfromcalculatedprojectnetemissionreductions.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-144.3REDD4.3.1AllREDDActivityTypesREDDactivitytypesareapplicableunderthefollowingconditions:Landintheprojectareahasqualifiedasforest(followingthedefinitionusedbyVCS;inaddition,seeSection5.1.2)foratleastthe10yearspriortotheprojectstartdate.Mangroveforestsareexcludedfromanytreeheightrequirementinaforestdefinition,astheyconsistof(closeto)100%mangrovespecies,whichoftendonotreachthesameheightasothertreespecies,andoccupycontiguousareasandtheirfunctioningasaforestisindependentoftreeheight.IflandwithintheprojectareaispeatlandortidalwetlandsandemissionsfromtheSOCpoolaredeemedsignificant,therelevantWRCmodules(seeTable3)mustbeappliedalongsideotherrelevantmodules.Baselinedeforestationandforestdegradationintheprojectareafallwithinoneormoreofthefollowingcategories:Unplanneddeforestation(VCScategoryAUDD)Planneddeforestation/degradation(VCScategoryAPD)Degradationthroughextractionofwoodforfuel(fuelwoodandcharcoalproduction)(VCScategoryAUDD)Leakageavoidanceactivitiesmustnotinclude:Agriculturallandsthatarefloodedtoincreaseproduction(e.g.,ricepaddy)Intensifyinglivestockproductionthroughuseoffeed-lots10and/ormanurelagoons.114.3.2AvoidingUnplannedDeforestationAvoidingunplanneddeforestationactivitiesareapplicableunderthefollowingconditions:Baselineagentsofdeforestationmust:(i)clearthelandfortreeharvesting,settlements,cropproduction(agriculturalist)orranchingoraquaculture,wheresuchclearingforcropproductionorranchingoraquaculturedoesnotamounttolargescaleindustrialagricultureoraquacultureactivities12;(ii)havenodocumentedanduncontestedlegalrighttodeforestthelandforthesepurposes;and(iii)beeitherresidentsinthereferenceregionfordeforestation(cf.Section5.1.2below)orimmigrants.Underanyotherconditionthismethodologymustnotbeused.10Feedlotsaredefinedasareasinwhichnaturallygrazinganimalsareconfinedtoanareawhichproducesnofeedandarefedonstoredfeeds.11Anaerobiclagoonsthatfunctionasreceptaclesforanimalwasteflushedfromanimalpens.Anaerobicorganismspresentinthemanureandtheenvironmentdecomposethewasteinthelagoon.12Small-scale/large-scaleagricultureoraquacultureistobedefinedandjustifiedbytheproject.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-15If,inthebaselinescenarioofavoidingunplanneddeforestationprojectactivities,post-deforestationlanduseconstitutesreforestation,thismethodologymaynotbeused4.3.3AvoidingPlannedDeforestation/DegradationAvoidingplanneddeforestation/degradationactivitiesareapplicableunderthefollowingcondition:Whereconversionofforestlandstoadeforestedconditionmustbelegallypermitted.4.3.4AvoidingForestDegradation(Fuelwood/Charcoal)Avoidingforestdegradationactivitiesareapplicableunderthefollowingconditions:Fuelwoodcollectionandcharcoalproductionmustbenon-renewable13inthebaselineperiod.Ifdegradationiscausedbyeitherillegalorlegaltreeextractionfortimber,thismethodologycannotbeused.4.4ARRARRactivitiesareapplicableunderthefollowingconditions:Theprojectareaisnon-forestlandorlandwithdegradedforest.14Instratawithdrained15organicsoil,ARRactivitiesmustbecombinedwithrewetting.ARRactivitiesarenoteligibleunderthefollowingconditions:Theprojectscenarioinvolvestheapplicationofnitrogenfertilizers.IfARRactivitiesenhancepeatoxidation.Therefore,onpeatland,theprojectmustincludeatleastsomedegreeofrewetting.Inatidalsystemwherethetidalregimeisrestoredorcontinuestobeinplace,ARRactivitiesareconsiderednottoenhancepeatoxidation.Whereprojectactivitiesonwetlandsareexcludedbytheapplicabilityconditionsofappliedmodulesortools,suchapplicabilityconditionscanbedisregardedforthepurposeoftheirusewithinthismethodology,asquantificationproceduresforpeatandtidalwetlandsoilsareprovidedinModulesBL-PEAT,M-PEAT,BL-TWandM-TW.Therefore,ARRactivitiesonwetlandsareregardedascombinedARR-RWEactivities.13AsdefinedinModuleBL-DFW14Notethatrestoringcarbonstocksindegradedandmanagedforest(e.g.,enrichmentplanting)isnotaneligibleactivityasitfallsinthecategoryofImprovedForestManagement(IFM).RestoringcarbonstocksinadegradedbutunmanagedforestisanARRactivity.15Thisrequirementsupportsmangrovereforestationinthenaturalhabitat.ARRactivitieslocatedintidalsystemswherethetidalregimeisrestoredorcontinuestobeinplaceareeligible.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-164.5WRC4.5.1AllWRCActivityTypesWRCactivitiesarenoteligibleunderthefollowingconditions:Projectactivitieslowerthewatertable,unlesstheprojectconvertsopenwatertotidalwetlands,orimprovesthehydrologicalconnectiontoimpoundedwaters.ChangesinhydrologydonotresultintheaccumulationormaintenanceofSOCstock,notingthata)thispertainstoprojectsthatintendtosequestercarbonthroughsedimentationand/orvegetationdevelopmentandb)thisdoesnotpertaintoprojectsthatincreasesalinitytoreduceCH4emissions.ProjectsthataimtodecreaseCH4emissionsthroughincreasedsalinitymustaccountforanychangesinSOCstocks.HydrologicalconnectivityoftheprojectareawithadjacentareasleadstoasignificantincreaseinGHGemissionsoutsidetheprojectarea.Projectactivitiesincludetheburningoforganicsoil.Nitrogenfertilizer(s),suchaschemicalfertilizerormanure,areappliedintheprojectareaduringtheprojectcreditingperiod.4.5.2RWEProjectActivitiesGeneralForRWEprojectactivities,priortotheprojectstartdate,theprojectareamustmeetthefollowingconditions16:a)Theareaisfreeofanylandusethatcouldbedisplacedoutsidetheprojectarea,asdemonstratedbyatleastoneofthefollowing,whererelevant:Theprojectareahasbeenabandonedfortwoormoreyearspriortotheprojectstartdate;orUseoftheprojectareaforcommercialpurposes(i.e.,trade)isnotprofitableasaresultofsalinityintrusion,marketforces,orotherfactors.Inaddition,timberharvestinginthebaselinescenariowithintheprojectareadoesnotoccur;orDegradationofadditionalwetlandsfornewagricultural/aquaculturalsiteswithinthecountrywillnotoccurorisprohibitedbyenforcedlaw.ORb)Theareaisunderalandusethatcouldbedisplacedoutsidetheprojectarea,althoughinsuchcase,baselineemissionsfromthislandusemustnotbeaccountedfor,andwhere16Theseconditionsareincludedtoavoidleakage.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-17degradationofadditionalwetlandsfornewagricultural/aquaculturalsiteswithinthecountrywillnotoccurorisprohibitedbyenforcedlaw.ORc)Theareaisunderalandusethatwillcontinueatasimilarorgreaterlevelofserviceorproductionduringtheprojectcreditingperiod(e.g.,reedorhayharvesting,collectionoffuelwood,subsistenceharvesting,commercialfishing).Theprojectproponentmustdemonstrate(a),(b)or(c)above,basedonverifiableinformationsuchaslawsandbylaws,managementplans,annualreports,annualaccounts,marketstudies,governmentstudiesorlanduseplanningreportsanddocuments.PeatlandRewettingThismethodologyisapplicabletorewettingdrainedpeatland(RDP)activitiesonprojectareasthatmeettheVCSdefinitionforpeatland(seeVCSProgramDefinitions)17.TidalWetlandRestorationProjectactivitiesrestoringtidalwetlandsmayincludeanyofthefollowing,orcombinationsofthefollowing:Creating,restoringand/ormanaginghydrologicalconditions(e.g.,removingtidalbarriers,improvinghydrologicalconnectivity,restoringtidalflowtowetlandsorloweringwaterlevelsonimpoundedwetlands)Alteringsedimentsupply(e.g.,beneficialuseofdredgematerialordivertingriversedimentstosediment-starvedareas)Changingsalinitycharacteristics(e.g.,restoringtidalflowtotidally-restrictedareas)Improvingwaterquality(e.g.,reducingnutrientloadsleadingtoimprovedwaterclaritytoexpandseagrassmeadows,recoveringtidalandotherhydrologicflushingandexchangeorreducingnutrientresidencetime)(Re-)introducingnativeplantcommunities(e.g.,reseedingorreplanting)Improvingmanagementpractice(s)(e.g.,removinginvasivespecies,reducedgrazing)InRWE-ARRprojectactivities,theprescribedburningofherbaceousandshrubabovegroundbiomass(coverburns)mayoccur4.5.3CIWProjectActivitiesThismethodologyisapplicabletoconservationofundrainedandpartiallydrainedpeatland(CUPP)activitiesonprojectareasthatmeettheVCSdefinitionforpeatland(seeVCSProgramDefinitions).17RDPandCUPPprojectactivitiesarebothsubcategoriesofRestorationofWetlandEcosystems(RWE)andConservationofIntactWetlands(CIW)oftheWetlandsRestorationandConservation(WRC)projectcategory.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-18Projectactivitiesconservingtidalwetlandsmayinclude:Protectingat-riskwetlands(e.g.,establishingconservationeasements,establishingcommunitysupportedmanagementagreements,establishingprotectivegovernmentregulations,andpreventingdisruptionofwaterand/orsedimentsupplytowetlandareas)ImprovingwatermanagementondrainedwetlandsMaintainingorimprovingwaterqualityforseagrassmeadowsRechargingsedimenttoavoiddrowningofcoastalwetlandsCreatingaccommodationspaceforwetlandsmigratingwithsea-levelriseAvoidingUnplannedWetlandDegradation(AUWD)Avoidingunplannedwetlanddegradationactivities18areeligibleunderthefollowingcondition:Baselineagentsofwetlanddegradation(i)causeanalterationinthehydrologyoftheprojectarea(involvingdrainage,interruptedsedimentsupply,orboth)and/oralossofsoilorganiccarbon;(ii)havenodocumentedanduncontestedlegalrighttodegradethewetland;and(iii)areeitherresidentsinthereferenceregionforwetlanddegradation(seeSection5.1.4below)orimmigrants.Underanyothercondition,thismethodologymustnotbeused.AvoidingPlannedWetlandDegradation(APWD)Avoidingplannedwetlanddegradationactivities19areeligibleunderthefollowingcondition:Conversionofintactorpartiallyalteredwetlandstoadegradedconditionmustbelegallypermitted.5PROJECTBOUNDARYThefollowingcategoriesofboundariesmustbedefined:1)Thegeographicboundariesrelevanttotheprojectactivity2)Thetemporalboundaries3)Thecarbonpoolsthattheprojectwillconsider4)Thesourcesandassociatedtypesofgreenhousegasemissionsthattheprojectwillaffect18Thatis,notcombinedwithREDDprojectactivities.Incombinedactivities,theapplicabilityconditionsforREDDapply,andthoseoutlinedinModulesBL-TWandM-TW.19Thatis,notcombinedwithREDDprojectactivities.Incombinedactivities,theapplicabilityconditionsforREDDapply,andthoseoutlinedinModulesBL-TWandM-TW.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-195.1GeographicalBoundaries5.1.1GeneralThespatialboundaries20ofaprojectmustclearlybedefined,soastofacilitateaccuratemeasuring,monitoring,accounting,andverifyingoftheproject’semissionsreductionsandremovals.Theprojectactivitymaycontainmorethanonediscreteareaofland.Whendescribingphysicalprojectboundaries,thefollowinginformationmustbeprovidedperdiscretearea:Nameoftheprojectarea(e.g.,compartmentnumber,allotmentnumber,localname);UniqueIDforeachdiscreteparceloflandMap(s)ofthearea(preferablyindigitalformat)Geographiccoordinatesofeachpolygonvertexalongwiththedocumentationoftheiraccuracy(fromageo-referenceddigitalmap–datamustbeprovidedintheformatspecified/requiredbytheVCS)Totallandarea;andDetailsoflandholderanduserrightsThegeographicalboundariesofaprojectarefixed(exante)andcannotchangeovertheprojectlifetime(expost).Wheremultiplebaselinesexist(e.g.,planneddeforestation,unplanneddeforestation,forestdegradation,degradedland)theremustbenooverlapinboundariesbetweenareasappropriatetoeachofthebaselines.Thus,twoprojecttypescannotoccuronthesamepieceofland,otherthanthoseincludingaWRCcomponent(i.e.,combinedREDD+WRC,ARR+WRC).5.1.2REDDTheboundaryoftheREDDactivitymustbeclearlydelineatedanddefinedandincludeonlylandqualifyingasforestforaminimumof10yearspriortotheprojectstartdate.Mangroveforestsareexcludedfromanytreeheightrequirementinaforestdefinition,asnearly100%oralloftheirvegetationconsistsofmangrovespecies,whichoftendonotreachthesameheightasothertreespecies,andtheyoccupycontiguousareas.Ecologically,theirfunctioningasaforestisindependentoftreeheight.InREDDprojectactivities,variouskindsofboundariesmustbedistinguished,dependingontheREDDcategory(plannedorunplanneddeforestation,forestdegradation),i.e.,incaseof:Avoidingplanneddeforestation:projectareaandproxyarea(s).RefertoModuleBL-PLforthedetailedprocedurestodefinetheseboundaries.Avoidingunplanneddeforestation:projectarea,referenceregionsfordeforestation,andleakagebeltarea.RefertoModuleBL-UPfordefinitionsandthedetailedprocedurestodefinetheseboundaries.20ForWRCprojectactivities,includingsubtidalseagrassareas,whererelevant.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-20Avoidingforestdegradation:RefertoModuleBL-DFW(fordegradationduetoremovalsforwoodfuelorcharcoal)forthedetailedprocedurestodefinetheseboundaries.TheseproceduresalsoapplytoCIWorcombinedREDD+CIWprojectactivities,seeSection5.1.4.Methodsforestablishingtheboundariesofareassubjecttoleakagefromactivityshiftingareprovidedinthefollowingmodules:Foravoidingplanneddeforestation/degradation:ModuleLK-ASPForavoidingunplanneddeforestation:ModuleBL-UP5.1.3ARRTheprojectareamustnothavebeennotclearedofnativeecosystemstocreateGHGemissionsreductions/removals.Suchproofisnotrequiredwheresuchclearingtookplacepriortothe10-yearperiodpriortotheprojectstartdate.Areasthatdonotmeetthisrequirementmustbeexcludedfromtheprojectarea.5.1.4WRCTheWRCprojectareamustmeetthedefinitionasprovidedintheVCSStandard:“Theprojectareashallmeetaninternationallyaccepteddefinitionofwetland,suchasfromtheIPCC,RamsarConventiononWetlands,thoseestablishedbylawornationalpolicy,orthosewithbroadagreementinthepeer-reviewedscientificliteratureforspecificcountriesortypesofwetlands.Commonwetlandtypesincludepeatland,saltmarsh,tidalfreshwatermarsh,mangroves,wetfloodplainforests,prairiepotholesandseagrassmeadows.”ForRWEprojectactivities,theprojectareamustnothavebeendrainedorconvertedtocreateGHGemissionsreductions/removals.Suchproofisnotrequiredwheresuchdrainingorconversiontookplacepriorto1January2008.Areasthatdonotmeetthisrequirementmustbeexcludedfromtheprojectboundary.ThemaximumeligiblequantityofGHGemissionreductionsinWRCprojectactivitiesislimitedtothedifferencebetweentheremainingSOCstockintheprojectandbaselinescenariosafter100years.Ifasignificantdifferenceatthe100-yearsmarkcannotbedemonstrated,theprojectareaisnoteligibleforcarboncrediting.Theassessmentmustbeexecutedexanteusingconservativeparameters.ProceduresareprovidedinModuleX-STR.WRCprojectactivitiesintidalzonesmusttakeaccountofeffectsofsea-levelriseonprojectboundaries.ProceduresareprovidedinModuleX-STR.InCIWprojectactivitiesthatarenotcombinedwithREDDactivities,varioustypesofboundariesmustbedistinguished,dependingontheCIWcategory(i.e.,plannedorunplannedwetlanddegradation).Forexample,inthecaseof:VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-21Avoidingplannedwetlanddegradation(APWD),theprojectareaandproxyarea(s)mustbedefined.RefertoModuleBL-PLforthedetailedprocedurestodefinetheseboundaries.Avoidingunplannedwetlanddegradation(AUWD),theprojectarea,referenceregionsforwetlanddegradation,andleakagebeltareamustbedefined.RefertoModuleBL-UPfordefinitionsandthedetailedprocedurestodefinetheseboundaries.5.2TemporalBoundariesThefollowingtemporalboundariesmustbespecified:5.2.1StartDateandEndDateoftheHistoricalReferencePeriodREDDThehistoricalreferenceperiodisthetemporaldomainfromwhichinformationonhistoricaldeforestationisextracted,analyzedandprojectedintothefuture.AhistoricalreferenceperiodmustbedefinedforalleligibleREDDcategories.Thestartingdateofthisperiodmustbebetween9and12yearsinthepastandtheenddatemustbewithintwoyearsbeforeprojectstartdate.WRCWhiledevelopingWRCbaselines,theprojectmustreferenceaperiodofatleast10yearsinordertomodelaspatialtrendindrainage,anditmusttakeintoaccountlong-term(20-year)averageclimatevariables,forwhichproceduresareprovidedinModulesBL-PEATandBL-TW.5.2.2StartDateandEndDateoftheProjectCreditingPeriodGeneralTheprojectcreditingperiodistheperiodoftimeforwhichGHGemissionreductionsorremovalsgeneratedbytheprojectareeligibleforcreditingwiththeVCSProgram.Theprojectmusthavearobustoperatingplancoveringthisperiod.TheprojectcreditingperiodforAFOLUprojectsmustbebetween20and100years.Thedurationoftheprojectactivity/creditingperiodmustbereportedinthePD.REDDProjectionsofbaselineemissionsmustbepresentedinthePDforthefirst10-yearperiodaftertheprojectstartingdate.Emissionreductions/removalscanonlybeclaimedfor10-yearperiods,forwhichthebaselineisfixedandamonitoringplanhasbeenimplemented.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-22WRCProjectionsofbaselineemissionsfromwetlandsmustbepresentedinthePDforthefirst10-yearperiodafterthestartoftheproject.Emissionreductions/removalscanonlybeclaimedfor10-yearperiodsforwhichthebaselineisfixedandamonitoringplanhasbeenimplemented.PeatDepletionTime(PDT)andSoilorganiccarbonDepletionTime(SDT)ThePDTorSDTforastratuminthebaselinescenarioequalstheperiodduringwhichtheprojectcanclaimemissionreductionsfromrewetting,restorationorconservation.ProceduresfordeterminingthePDTorSDTareprovidedinModuleX-STR.Peatdepletionmaybeacceleratedbypeatfiresandisattainedifthepeathasdisappearedorifastablewatertableinhibitsfurtheroxidationofthepeat.SincethePDTandSDTarepartofthebaselineassessment,theymustbereassessedevery10years.5.2.3DurationoftheMonitoringPeriodsTheminimumdurationofamonitoringperiodisoneyearandthemaximumdurationis10years.Baselineprojectionsmustbeannualandbeavailableforeachproposedfutureverificationdate.Dataonbaselinedeforestationanddegradationrates,aswellasonthehydrologicallayoutandclimaticvariablesinwetlandareas,mustbepresented,aswellasdatacollectedforfuturebaselinerevision.5.3CarbonPools5.3.1GeneralAnysignificantdecreasesincarbonstockintheprojectscenarioandanysignificantincreasesincarbonstockinthebaselinescenariomustbeaccountedfor.Inaddition,decreasesinthebaselinescenarioandincreasesintheprojectscenariocanbeaccountedfor.WhereARRorREDDactivitiestakeplaceonwetlands,theprojectmustaccountforexpectedemissionsfromthesoilorganiccarbonpoolorchangeinthesoilorganiccarbonpoolintheprojectscenario,unlesstheyaredeemeddeminimis.ThesignificanceofthispoolmaybedeterminedbyusingthetoolT-SIG.SelectionofcarbonpoolsandtheappropriatejustificationmustbepresentedinPD.5.3.2REDDThecarbonpools(andcorrespondingmethodologymodules)includedinorexcludedfromtheboundaryofREDDprojectactivitiesareshowninTable4.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-23Harvestedwoodproductsanddeadwoodmustbeincludedwhentheyincreasemoreordecreaselessinthebaselinethanintheprojectscenario.Inallothercases,onlyabovegroundbiomassismandatory.Ifacarbonpoolisincludedinthebaselineaccounting,itmustalsobeincludedinprojectscenarioandleakageaccounting.Wherethecarbonpoolinharvestedwoodproductsanddeadwoodincreasesmoreordecreaseslessinthebaselinecasethanintheprojectcase,thetoolT-SIGmustbeusedtodeterminewhethersignificant.Insignificantpoolscanalwaysbeignored.5.3.3ARRThecarbonpoolsincludedinorexcludedfromtheboundaryoftheARRcomponentareshowninTable5below.TheselectionofcarbonpoolsandtheappropriatejustificationmustbeprovidedinthePD.Table5:CarbonPoolsinBaselineandProjectScenarioofARRProjectActivitiesCarbonpoolIncluded?Justification/ExplanationAbovegroundtreebiomassIncludedCarbonstockinthispoolmayincreaseordecreaseinthebaselinescenarioandmayincreaseduetotheimplementationoftheprojectactivityAbovegroundnon-treebiomassIncludedCarbonstockinthispool(shruband/orherbaceousvegetation)mayincreaseordecreaseinthebaselinescenarioandmayincreaseordecreaseduetotheimplementationoftheprojectactivityBelowgroundbiomassIncludedCarbonstockinthispoolmayincreaseordecreaseinthebaselinescenarioandisexpectedtoincreaseduetotheimplementationoftheprojectactivityLitterTerrestrialOptionalGiventheapplicabilityconditionsthattheprojectareaforARRisnon-forestlandorlandwithdegradedforest,thelittercarbonpoolwillincreaseduetoprojectimplementation.Itisthereforeconservativenottoincludelitter.Ifincluded,littermustbeaccountedforusingproceduresinModulesBL-ARRandM-ARR.WetlandsOptionalThispoolisnotmandatoryonwetlandsbutmaybeincluded.Ifincluded,littermustbeaccountedforusingproceduresinModulesBL-ARRandM-ARR..DeadwoodTerrestrialOptionalGiventheapplicabilityconditionsthattheprojectareaforARRisnon-forestlandorlandwithdegradedforest,thedeadwoodcarbonpoolwillincreaseduetoprojectVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-24implementation.Itisthereforeconservativenottoincludedeadwood.Ifincluded,deadwoodmustbeaccountedforusingproceduresinModulesBL-ARRandM-ARR.WetlandsOptionalThispoolisnotmandatoryonwetlandsbutmaybeincluded.Ifincluded,deadwoodmustbeaccountedforusingproceduresinModulesBL-ARRandM-ARR.SoilTerrestrialIncludedCarbonstockinthispoolmayincreaseduetotheimplementationoftheprojectactivityandthisincreasecanbeassessedasacarbonstockchange.WetlandsIncludedCarbonstockinthispoolmayincreaseduetotheimplementationoftheARRprojectactivity.However,fororganicsoilthisincreaseisnotaccountedfor.EmissionsfromsoilorganiccarbonareestimatedinModulesBL-PEATandM-PEAT.WoodproductsExcludedThispoolisoptionalasperVCSrules.5.3.4WRCThecarbonpoolsincludedinorexcludedfromtheboundaryoftheWRCcomponent21areshowninTable6below.TheselectionofcarbonpoolsandtheappropriatejustificationmustbeprovidedinthePD.Table6:CarbonPoolsinBaselineandProjectScenarioofWRCProjectActivitiesCarbonpoolIncluded?Justification/ExplanationAbovegroundtreebiomassExcludedCoveredunderREDDorARRAbovegroundshrubbiomassExcludedCoveredunderREDDorARRHerbaceousbiomassExcludedCoveredunderARRBelowgroundbiomassIncludedThispoolisnotdistinguishedfromthesoilpoolinWRCprocedures.LitterExcludedCoveredunderREDDorARRDeadwoodExcludedCoveredunderREDDorARR21IfcombinedwithREDDorARR,seeTables4and5foradditionalinformationofpools.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-25SoilIncludedProceduresinModulesBL-PEAT,M-PEAT,BL-TWandM-TWaccountforemissionsfromthesoilpoolbasedonproxiesanddefaultfactors.WoodproductsExcludedCoveredunderREDDorARR5.4SourcesofGHGEmissions5.4.1GeneralTheprojectmustaccountforanysignificantincreasesinemissionsofcarbondioxide(CO2),nitrousoxide(N2O)andmethane(CH4)relativetothebaselinethatarereasonablyattributabletotheprojectactivity,withadditionalguidanceprovidedinTables6,7and8.T-SIGmaybeusedtodeterminewhetheranemissionssourceissignificant.Ifasourceisincludedintheestimationofbaselineemissions22,itmustalsobeincludedinthecalculationofprojectandleakageemissions.5.4.2REDDTheGHGemissionsourcesincludedinorexcludedfromtheboundaryoftheREDDprojectactivityareshowninTable7below.TheselectionofsourcesandtheappropriatejustificationmustbeprovidedinthePD.Table7:GHGSourcesIncludedInorExcludedFromtheREDDProjectBoundarySourceGasIncluded?Justification/ExplanationBaselineBurningofwoodybiomassCO2IncludedCarbonstockdecreasesduetoburningareaccountedasacarbonstockchange.CH4IncludedNon-CO2gasesemittedfromwoodybiomassburning-itisconservativetoexclude.N2OIncludedCombustionoffossilfuelsCO2IncludedItisconservativetoexcludeCH4ExcludedPotentialemissionsarenegligibleN2OExcludedPotentialemissionsarenegligibleUseoffertilizersCO2ExcludedPotentialemissionsarenegligibleCH4ExcludedPotentialemissionsarenegligibleN2OIncludedItisconservativetoexcludeProjectBurningofwoodybiomassCO2IncludedCarbonstockdecreasesduetoburningareaccountedasacarbonstockchange.CH4IncludedNon-CO2gasesemittedfromwoodybiomassburning-mustbeincludediffireoccurs.N2OIncluded22E.g.,CH4orN2Oemissionfromagriculturethatresultsfromdeforestationorfiretoclearforestland.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-26SourceGasIncluded?Justification/ExplanationCombustionoffossilfuelsCO2IncludedCanbeneglectedifexcludedfrombaselineaccounting.CH4ExcludedPotentialemissionsarenegligibleN2OExcludedPotentialemissionsarenegligibleUseoffertilizersCO2ExcludedPotentialemissionsarenegligibleCH4ExcludedPotentialemissionsarenegligibleN2OIncludedCanbeexcludedifexcludedfrombaselineaccountingexceptinthesituationwherefertilizeruseisenhancedasaleakageavoidancemechanism.5.4.3ARRTheGHGemissionsourcesincludedinorexcludedfromtheboundaryoftheARRcomponentareshowninTable8below.TheselectionofsourcesandtheappropriatejustificationmustbeprovidedinthePD.Table8:GHGSourcesIncludedInorExcludedFromtheARRProjectBoundarySourceGasIncluded?Justification/ExplanationBaselineBurningofbiomassCO2IncludedCarbonstockdecreasesduetoburningareaccountedasacarbonstockchangeCH4IncludedNon-CO2gasesemittedfrombiomassburning-itisconservativetoexclude.N2OIncludedProjectBurningofbiomassCO2IncludedCarbonstockdecreasesduetoburningareaccountedasacarbonstockchangeCH4IncludedBurningofbiomassforthepurposeofsitepreparation,oraspartofforestmanagement,isallowedN2OIncluded5.4.4WRCTheGHGemissionsourcesincludedinorexcludedfromtheboundaryoftheWRCcomponentareshowninTable9below.TheselectionofsourcesandtheappropriatejustificationmustbeprovidedinthePD.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-27Table9:GHGSourcesIncludedInorExcludedFromtheWRCProjectBoundarySourceGasIncluded?Justification/ExplanationBaselineOxidationofdrainedpeatCO2IncludedConsideredundercarbonpoolsCH4IncludedRequiredunlessdeminimisorconservativelyomittedN2OExcludedExcludedasperapplicabilityconditioninModuleBL-PEATEmissionsfromtidalwetlandsmineralsoilCO2IncludedConsideredundercarbonpoolsCH4IncludedRequiredunlessdeminimisorconservativelyomittedN2OIncludedRequiredunlessdeminimisorconservativelyomittedPeatorbiomasscombustionCO2IncludedItisconservativetoexclude.ProceduresareprovidedforREDDprojectactivitieswithemissionsfrombiomassburning,andREDD-WRCandARR-RWEprojectactivitieswithemissionsfrombiomassand/orpeatburning,andRWEprojectactivitieswithemissionsfrompeatburning.CH4IncludedN2OIncludedCombustionoffossilfuelsCO2IncludedItisconservativetoexcludeCH4IncludedN2OIncludedProjectOxidationofdrainedpeatCO2IncludedConsideredundercarbonpoolsCH4IncludedRequiredunlessdeminimisN2OExcludedExcludedasperapplicabilityconditioninModuleBL-PEATEmissionsfromtidalwetlandsmineralsoilCO2IncludedConsideredundercarbonpoolsCH4IncludedRequiredunlessdeminimisN2OIncludedRequiredunlessdeminimisPeatorbiomasscombustionCO2IncludedProcedureareprovidedforREDDprojectactivitieswithemissionsfrombiomassburningandREDD-WRCandARR-RWEprojectactivitieswithemissionsfrombiomassand/orpeatburning,aswellasforRWEprojectactivitieswithemissionsfrompeatburning.CH4IncludedN2OIncludedCombustionoffossilfuelsCO2IncludedMandatorywhereRWEprojectactivitiesontidalwetlandsincludefossilfuelcombustion;InCIWprojectactivities,potentialemissionsarenegligible.CH4IncludedN2OIncludedVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-286BASELINESCENARIO6.1DeterminationoftheMostPlausibleBaselineScenarioForeachoftheincludedprojectactivities,themostplausiblebaselinescenariomustbedeterminedusingT-ADD,listedinSection2above.ThetoolhasbeendesignedforA/RCDMprojectactivities,butisusedforthismethodologybyapplyingthenotesprovidedforTable10,below.Table10:TranslationbetweenVCSandCDMTerminologyWherethetoolrefersto:Itmustbeunderstoodasreferringto:A/R,afforestation,reforestation,orforestationREDD,ARRorWRCprojectactivityNetgreenhousegasremovalsbysinksNetgreenhousegasemissionreductionsCDMVCSDOEVVBtCERs,lCERsVCUsFootnotes1and3includedinT-ADDcanbedisregarded.IncasethereisaconflictbetweentheCDMtoolrequirementsandtheVCSrules,theVCSrulesmustbefollowed(assetoutinVCSAFOLUGuidance:AdditionalguidanceforVCSAfforestation,ReforestationandRevegetationprojectsusingCDMAfforestation/ReforestationMethodologies,availableontheVCSwebsite).WhereprojectproponentsuseavailabledatasourcedfromajurisdictionalbaselinethatmeetstherequirementssetoutintheVCSJNRRequirements,thosedatasourcesmaybeusedunderthismethodology,whereconservative,evenwheredataaccuracymaybelessstringentthanrequiredbythismethodology.6.2Re-assessingtheBaselineScenarioTheprojectbaselinemustberevisedatthefollowingfrequencies:Forplanneddeforestationprojects,thebaselinemustberevisedevery10yearsforongoingplanneddeforestation.Forunplanneddeforestation,theprojectbaselinemustberevisedevery10yearsfromtheprojectstartdate.Fordegradation,thebaselinemustberevisedevery10years.ForWRCareas,theprojectmust,forthedurationoftheproject,reassessthebaselineevery10yearsandhavethisvalidatedatthesametimeasthesubsequentverification.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-29Thedateofthenextscheduledrevisionmustbespecified.Thestartingpointforthebaselinerevisionoftheprojectwillbetheforestcoverprojectedtoexistattheendofthebaselineperiod.Projectionsforeachbaselinerevisionwillbesubjecttoindependentverification.Reassessmentsmustcapturechangesinthedriversand/orbehaviorofagentsthatcausethechangeinlanduseand/orlandmanagementpracticesandchangesincarbonstocks.Thenewbaselinescenariomustbeincorporatedintorevisedestimatesofbaselineemissions.ThisbaselinereassessmentmustincludetheevaluationofthevalidityofproxiesforGHGemissions.ForREDDandWRCprojectactivities,ex-antebaselineprojectionsbeyonda10-yearperiodarenotrequired.Forthisassessment,thehistoricreferenceperiodisextendedtoincludetheoriginalreferenceperiodandallsubsequentmonitoringperiodsuptothebeginningofthecurrentmonitoringperiod.7ADDITIONALITY7.1Projectmethod–allprojectactivitiesotherthantidalwetlandconservationandrestorationThelatestversionofthetoolreferencedinT-ADDmustbeusedtoidentifycrediblealternativelandusescenariosandevaluateboththealternativesandtheproposedprojectscenarios(seeSection6.1)andtodemonstratetheadditionalityoftheproject.DefaultfactorsandstandardsusedtoascertainGHGemissiondataandanysupportingdatafordemonstratingadditionalitymustbepubliclyavailablefromarecognized,crediblesource,suchasIPCC2006GuidelinesforNationalGHGInventoriesortheIPCC2003GoodPracticeGuidelinesforLandUse,Land-UseChangeandForestry.CDMtoolAR-Tool14EstimationofcarbonstocksandchangeincarbonstocksoftreesandshrubsinA/RCDMprojectactivities7.2ActivityMethod–alltidalwetlandsconservationandrestorationprojectactivitiesThismethodologyusesanactivitymethodforthedemonstrationofadditionalityoftidalwetlandsconservationandrestorationprojectactivities.Forsuchprojectactivities,useModuleADD-AM(DemonstrationofAdditionalityofTidalWetlandRestorationandConservationProjectActivities).8QUANTIFICATIONOFGHGEMISSIONREDUCTIONSANDREMOVALS8.1BaselineEmissions8.1.1GeneralEachactivitytypeincludedintheprojectmustestimateanindividualbaselinefollowingtheprovisionsandspecificmodulesmentionedbelow.Combinedactivities(i.e.,ARRorREDDwithaWRCcomponent)mustdevelopauniquebaselineconsideringpeatortidalwetlandsoilsastheVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-30SOCpoolandincorporatingtheresultingemissionestimatestothecalculationofemissionsandcarbonstockchangesoftheARRand/orREDDactivities.Thesameproceduremustbefollowedexanteandexpost.Forparametersthatwillbemonitoredsubsequenttoprojectinitiation,guidanceisgivenintheparametertablesoftherelevantmodulesforthevaluesthatmustbeusedinex-antecalculations.8.1.2REDDThebaselineoftheREDDprojectactivityisestimatedexante.Itcanbemonitoredinareferencearea(unplanneddeforestation)orproxyarea(planneddeforestation)forthepurposeofperiodicallyadjustingthebaseline.Ex-antebaselineestimationsarethereforeusedinboththeex-anteandex-postestimationofnetcarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionreductions.Methodsforestimatingnetbaselinecarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsareprovidedinthefollowingmodules:Forplanneddeforestation/degradation:ModuleBL-PLForunplanneddeforestation:ModuleBL-UPForforestdegradationfromextractionofwoodforfuel:ModuleBL-DFW8.1.3ARRThenetGHGremovalsinthebaselinescenariomustbeestimatedusingModuleBL-ARR.8.1.4WRCBaselinenetemissionsfromtheSOCpoolmustbeestimatedusingModuleBL-PEATorBL-TW,whicheverisrelevant(seeTable3).Forpeatstratawithintidalwetlands,ModuleBL-PEATmustbeused.Socio-economicprocessescausingthedegradationofwetlandsaresimilartothosecausingdeforestationorforestdegradation.Therefore,forstand-aloneCIWprojectactivities(e.g.,conservationofsaltmarsheswithoutatreebiomasscomponent),similarmethodsforbaselinedeterminationcanbeusedasforREDDprojectactivities.Stand-aloneCIWaswellasCIW-REDDprojectactivitiesuseModuleBL-TWorBL-PEAT(whicheverisrelevant)inconjunctionwithModuleBL-UPorBL-PL(whicheverisrelevant).Stand-aloneRWEandRWE-ARRprojectactivitiesmustuseModuleBL-PEATorBL-TW(whicheverisrelevant)forbaselinenetGHGemissionsfromtheSOCpool.Incasefossilfuelcombustionisaccountedfor,ModuleE-FFCmustbeusedaswell.RWE-ARRprojectactivitiesmustalsouseModuleBL-ARRfortheaccountingofbiomassandbiomassburning(ifrelevant).RWE-REDDprojectactivitiesmustuseModuleBL-PEATorBL-TWfortheestimationofbaselinenetGHGemissionsfromtheSOCpool,andModuleBL-UPorBL-PLforallotherpoolsandemissions.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-318.2ProjectEmissions8.2.1GeneralThesameproceduremustbefollowedexanteandexpost.Forparametersthatwillbemonitoredsubsequenttoprojectinitiation,guidanceisgivenintheparametertablesoftherelevantmodulesforthevaluesthatmustbeusedinex-antecalculations.8.2.2REDDMethodsforestimatingnetcarbonstockchangesandGHGemissionsintheprojectscenarioareprovidedinModuleM-REDD.8.2.3ARRThenetGHGremovalsintheprojectscenariomustbeestimatedusingModuleM-ARR.8.2.4WRCNetGHGemissionsfromtheSOCpoolintheprojectscenariomustbeestimatedusingModuleM-PEATorM-TW(whicheverisrelevant).Forpeatstratawithintidalwetlands,ModuleM-PEATmustbeused.Stand-aloneCIWandCIW-REDDprojectactivitiesmustuseModuleM-TWorM-PEAT(whicheverisrelevant)fortheestimationofprojectnetemissionsfromtheSOCpool,andModuleM-REDDforallotherpoolsandemissions(whererelevant).Stand-aloneRWEandRWE-ARRprojectactivitiesmustuseModuleM-PEATorM-TW(whicheverisrelevant)forprojectnetGHGemissionsfromtheSOCpool.Wherefossilfuelcombustionisaccountedfor,ModuleE-FFCmustbeusedaswell.RWE-ARRprojectactivitiesmustalsouseModuleM-ARRfortheaccountingofbiomassandbiomassburning(whererelevant).RWE-REDDprojectactivitiesmustuseModuleM-PEATorM-TW(whicheverisrelevant)fortheestimationofprojectnetemissionsfromtheSOCpool,andModuleM-REDDforallotherpoolsandemissions.8.3LeakageLeakagemustbeconsideredforallactivities,usingthefollowingleakagemodules:Forplanneddeforestation/degradationandplannedwetlanddegradation:ModuleLK-ASPForunplanneddeforestationandunplannedwetlanddegradation:ModuleLK-ASUForfuel-wood/charcoalcollection:ModuleLK-DFWForpre-projectagriculturaloraquaculturalactivities:ModuleLK-ARRForWRCprojectactivities:ModuleLK-ECOVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-32Forstand-aloneCIWprojectactivities,similarmethodsforleakagedeterminationcanbeusedasforREDDprojectactivities,andModuleLK-ASU,LK-ASPorLK-ME(whicheverisrelevant)mustbeused.CombinedRWE-ARRprojectsmustuseModuleLK-ASP.ThesignificanceofleakageandthesignificanceofcarbonpoolsmaybedeterminedusingT-SIG.Whereapplicable,leakageduetomarketeffectsmustbeconsideredusingModuleLK-ME.Marketeffectsmustbeconsideredwheretheprojectleadstoadecreaseintheproductionoftimber,fuelwood,orcharcoal.Where,pre-project,unsustainablefuelwoodcollectionisoccurringwithintheprojectboundary,ModulesBL-DFWandLK-DFWmustbeusedtodeterminepotentialleakage.Whereleakagepreventionactivitiesincludetreeplanting,aquaculturalintensification,agriculturalintensification,fertilization,fodderproduction,othermeasurestoenhancecroplandand/orgrazinglandareas,leakagemanagementzonesoracombinationofthese,thenanysignificantincreaseinGHGemissionsassociatedwiththeseactivitiesmustbeaccountedfor,unlessdeemeddeminimis,asdeterminedusingT-SIG.Leakagepreventionactivitiesmayleadtotheincreaseincombustionoffossilfuels;however,anyincreaseinemissionsisconsideredinsignificant.Whereleakagepreventionleadstoasignificantincreaseintheuseoffertilizers,ModuleE-NAmustbeused.T-SIGcanbeusedtodeterminesignificance.Aspertheapplicabilityconditions,leakagepreventionmaynotincludethefloodingofagriculturallands(e.g.,fornewricepaddies)northecreationoflivestockfeedlotsand/ormanurelagoons.Leakagepreventionmayalsonotincludethedrainageofpeatland.Thelistofleakagesourceswithappropriatejustificationmustbepresented.Positiveleakagemaynotbeaccountedfor.8.4SummaryofGHGEmissionReductionand/orRemovals8.4.1GeneralThetotalnetgreenhousegasemissionsreductionsoftheprojectarecalculatedas:NERREDD+=NERREDD+NGRARR+NERWRC(1)Where:NERREDD+TotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheREDD+projectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-33NERREDDTotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheREDDprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)NGRARRTotalnetGHGremovalsoftheARRprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)NERWRCTotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheWRCprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)Theprojectproponentmustpresentconservativeex-anteestimationsofthetotalnetGHGemissionsreductionsoftheprojectactivity.Forex-anteestimationsofspecificparameters,refertotheparametertablesintheappropriatemodules.8.4.2REDDThetotalnetgreenhousegasemissionsreductionsoftheREDDprojectactivityarecalculatedasfollows:NERREDD=CBSL-REDD-CWPS-REDD-CLK-REDD(2)Where:NERREDDTotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheREDDprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)CBSL-REDDNetGHGemissionsintheREDDbaselinescenariouptoyeart(tCO2e)CWPS-REDDNetGHGemissionsintheREDDprojectscenariouptoyeart–fromModuleM-REDD(tCO2e)CLK-REDDNetGHGemissionsduetoleakagefromtheREDDprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)CBSL,REDDCBSL,plannedCBSL,unplannedCBSL,degradFW/C(3)Where:CBSL-REDDNetGHGemissionsintheREDDbaselinescenariouptoyeart(tCO2e)CBSL,plannedNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinescenariofromplanneddeforestationuptoyeart–fromModuleBL-PL(tCO2e)CBSL,unplannedNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinescenariofromunplanneddeforestationuptoyeart–fromModuleBL-UP(tCO2e)CBSL,degrad-FW/CNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinescenariofromdegradationcausedbyfuelwoodcollectionandcharcoalmakinguptoyeart–fromModuleBL-DFW(tCO2e)CLKREDDCLKAS,plannedCLKAS,unplannedCLKAS,degradFW/CCLKME(4)VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-34Where:CLK-REDDNetGHGemissionsduetoleakagefromtheREDDprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)∆CLK-AS,plannedNetGHGemissionsduetoactivityshiftingleakageforprojectspreventingplanneddeforestationuptoyeart–fromModuleLK-ASP(tCO2e)∆CLK-AS,unplannedNetGHGemissionsduetoactivityshiftingleakageforprojectspreventingunplanneddeforestationuptoyeart–fromModuleLK-ASU(tCO2e)∆CLK-MENetGHGemissionsduetomarket-effectsleakageuptoyeart–fromModuleLK-ME(tCO2e)∆CLK-AS,degrad-FW/CNetGHGemissionsduetoactivityshiftingleakagefordegradationcausedbyextractionofwoodforfueluptoyeart–fromModuleLK-DFW(tCO2e)8.4.3ARRThetotalnetgreenhousegasremovalsoftheARRprojectactivityarecalculatedasfollows:NGRARR=∆CWPS-ARR-∆CBSL-ARR-∆CLK-ARR(5)Where:NGRARRTotalnetGHGremovalsoftheARRprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)CBSL-ARRNetGHGremovalsintheARRbaselinescenariouptoyeart–fromModuleBL-ARR(tCO2e)CWPS-ARRNetGHGremovalsintheARRprojectscenariouptoyeart–fromModuleM-ARR(tCO2e)CLK-ARRNetGHGemissionsduetoleakagefromtheARRprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)WhereARRprojectsincludeharvesting,thelossofcarbonduetoharvestingmustbeincludedinthequantificationofprojectemissions.ThemaximumnumberofGHGcreditsavailabletoprojectsdoesnotexceedthelong-termaverageGHGbenefit,whichiscalculatedusingtheprocedureinModuleM-ARR.8.4.4WRCThetotalnetGHGemissionreductionoftheWRCprojectactivityiscalculatedasfollows:NERWRC=GHGBSL-WRC–GHGWPS-WRC–GHGLK-WRC(6)Where:NERWRCTotalnetGHGemissionreductionsintheWRCprojectuptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGBSL-WRCNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenariouptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGWPS-WRCNetGHGemissionsintheWRCprojectscenariouptoyeart(tCO2e)VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-35GHGLK-WRCNetGHGemissionsduetoleakagefromtheWRCprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)BaselinescenarioForCIW-REDD,RWE-REDDorstand-aloneCIWprojectactivities:GHGBSL-WRC=GHGBSL-PEAT+GHGBSL-TW(7)Where:GHGBSL-WRCNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenariouptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGBSL-PEATNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenarioonpeatlanduptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGBSL-TWNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenarioontidalwetlanduptoyeart(tCO2e)ForCIW-REDD,RWE-REDDorstand-aloneCIWprojectactivitiesonpeatland(includingorganicsoilsintidalwetlands):GHGBSL-PEAT=GHGBSL-PEAT,planned+GHGBLS-PEAT,unplanned(8)ForCIW-REDD,RWE-REDDorstand-aloneCIWprojectactivitiesontidalwetland(excludingorganicsoils):GHGBSL-TW=GHGBSL-TW,planned+GHGBLS-TW,unplanned(9)Where:GHGBSL-PEATNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenarioonpeatlanduptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGBSL-PEAT,plannedNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinescenariofromplannedpeatlanddegradationuptoyeart–fromModuleBL-PL(tCO2e)GHGBLS-PEAT,unplannedNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinescenariofromunplannedpeatlanddegradationuptoyeart–fromModuleBL-UP(tCO2e)GHGBSL-TWNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenarioontidalwetlanduptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGBSL-TW,plannedNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinescenariofromplannedtidalwetlanddegradationuptoyeart–fromModuleBL-UP;tCO2eGHGBSL-TW,unplannedNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinescenariofromunplannedtidalwetlanddegradationuptoyeart–fromModuleBL-UP;tCO2eNotethatModulesBL-UPandBL-PLinternallyrefertoModulesBL-PEATandBL-TW(whicheverisrelevant)fortheestimationofnetGHGemissionsfromtheSOCpool.ModulesBL-UP-andBL-PLprovideproceduresfortheestimationofbiomassburningandfuelburning.ForRWE-ARRorstand-aloneRWEprojectactivities,anysignificantbaselinefossilfuelcombustionmaybeaddedtoEquation7,asfollows:VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-36GHGBSL-WRC=GHGBSL-PEAT+GHGBSL-TW+GHGBSL-fuel(10)Where:GHGBSL-WRCNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenariouptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGBSL-PEATNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenarioonpeatlanduptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGBSL-TWNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenarioontidalwetlanduptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGBSL-fuelNetCO2eemissionsfromfossilfueluseinthebaselinescenariouptoyeart(fromModuleBL-TW)(tCO2e)i1,2,3,…Mstratat1,2,3,…tyearselapsedsincetheprojectedstartoftheWRCprojectactivityForRWE-ARRorstand-aloneRWEprojectactivitiesonpeatland(includingorganicsoilsintidalwetlands)GHGBSL-PEATistakenfromModuleBL-PEAT.ForthebiomasscomponentinRWE-ARRprojectactivities,CBSL-ARRistakenfromModuleBL-ARR,seeSection8.4.3.ForRWE-ARRorstand-aloneRWEontidalwetland(excludingorganicsoils)GHGBSL-TWistakenfromModuleBL-TW.ForthebiomasscomponentinRWE-ARRprojectactivities,CBSL-ARRistakenfromModuleBL-ARR,seeSection8.4.3.ProjectscenarioGHGWPS-WRC=GHGWPS-PEAT+GHGWPS-TW(11)Where:GHGWPS-WRCNetGHGemissionsintheWRCprojectscenariouptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGWPS-PEATNetGHGemissionsintheWRCprojectscenarioonpeatlanduptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGWPS-TWNetGHGemissionsintheWRCprojectscenarioontidalwetlanduptoyeart(tCO2e)ForCIW-REDD,stand-aloneCIWorRWE-REDDprojectactivitiesonpeatland(includingorganicsoilsintidalwetlands),useModulesM-REDDandM-PEAT.ForCIW-REDD,stand-aloneCIWorRWE-REDDprojectactivitiesontidalwetland(excludingorganicsoils),useModulesM-REDDandM-TW.ForRWE-ARRandstand-aloneRWEprojectactivities,useModulesM-PEATandM-TW(whicheverisrelevant)forthesoilcomponent,and(forRWE-ARR)ModuleM-ARRforthevegetationcomponent.GHGLK-WRC=GHGLK-WRC-AS,planned+GHGLK-WRC-AS,unplanned+GHGLK-ECO(12)VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-37Where:GHGLK-WRCNetGHGemissionsduetoleakagefromtheWRCprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)GHGLK-WRC-AS,unplannedNetGHGemissionsduetowetlanddegradationfromunplanneddeforestationdisplacedfromtheprojectareauptoyeart–fromModuleLK-ASU(tCO2e)GHGLK-WRC-AS,plannedNetGHGemissionsduetowetlanddegradationfromplanneddeforestationdisplacedfromtheprojectareauptoyeart–fromModuleLK-ASU(tCO2e)GHGLK-ECONetGHGemissionsduetoecologicalleakagefromtheWRCprojectactivityuptoyeart–fromModuleLK-ECO(tCO2e)8.4.5CalculationofAFOLUPooledBufferAccountContributionThenumberofcreditstobeheldintheAFOLUpooledbufferaccountisdeterminedasapercentageofthetotalcarbonstockbenefits.ForREDDprojectactivities,thisisequaltothenetemissionsinthebaselineminusemissionsfromfossilfueluseandfertilizeruseminusthenetemissionsintheprojectcaseminusemissionsfromfossilfuelsandfertilizeruse.Leakageemissionsdonotfactorintothebuffercalculations.ForREDDprojects,thecalculationofthenetchangeincarbonstocksappliedinthismethodologyincludesanadjustmentforemissionsfromfossilfuelcombustionanddirectN2Oemissionsandexcludesemissionsfrombiomassburning.BesidesotherGHGfluxes,biomassburninginvolvesacarbonstockchange.Theprocedure,therefore,providesaconservative(larger)estimateofthebufferwithholding.ForWRCprojectactivities,theproxyforthenetchangeincarbonstocksappliedinthismethodologyisNERWRC.AsthisproxyincludesallnetGHGemissionsreductions,itprovidesaconservative(larger)estimateofthebuffer.SinceGHGemissionreductionsfromARRareunlikelytodiffergreatlyfromthenetchangeincarbonstocks,theproxyforthenetchangeincarbonstocksappliedinthismethodologyisNGRARR.AsthisproxyincludesallGHGemissionsreductionsandremovals,itprovidesaconservative(larger)estimateofthebufferwithholding.BufferTotalBufferPlannedBufferUnplannedBufferDegradFW/CBufferWRCBufferARR(13)BufferPlannedCBSL,PlannedEFC,i,tN2Odirect,i,ti1PlannedMt1BSLtCP,PlannedEFC,i,tN2Odirect,i,ti1PlannedMt1PtBuffer%(14)VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-38BufferUnplannedCBSL,UnplannedEFC,i,tN2Odirect,i,ti1UnplannedMt1BSLtCP,UnplannedEFC,i,tN2Odirect,i,ti1UnplannedMt1PtBuffer%(15)%1/1,,2,,/,1/1,,2,,/,/BufferONECONECBuffertPtMCFWDegraditidirecttiFCCFWDegradPtBSLtMCFWDegraditidirecttiFCCFWDegradBSLCFWDegrad(16)BufferARR=NGRARR×Buffer%(17)BufferWRC=NERWRC×Buffer%(18)Where:BufferTotalTotalpermanenceriskbufferwithholding(tCO2e)BufferPlannedBufferwithholdingforavoidingplanneddeforestationprojectactivities(tCO2e)BufferUnplannedBufferwithholdingforavoidingunplanneddeforestationprojectactivities(tCO2e)BufferDegrad-FW/CBufferwithholdingforavoidingdegradationthroughextractionoffuelwoodprojectareas(tCO2e)BufferARRBufferwithholdingforARRprojectactivities(tCO2e)BufferWRCBufferwithholdingforWRCprojectactivities(tCO2e)ΔCBSL,PlannedNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinefromplanneddeforestation(tCO2e)ΔCBSL,UnplannedNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinefromunplanneddeforestation(tCO2e)ΔCBSL,Degrad-FW/CNetGHGemissionsinthebaselinefromdegradationcausedbyfuelwoodcollectionandcharcoalmaking(tCO2e)CPNetGHGemissionswithintheprojectareaintheprojectscenario23(tCO2e)EFC,i,tEmissionfromfossilfuelcombustioninstratumiinyeart(tCO2e)N2Odirect-N,i,tDirectN2Oemissionasaresultofnitrogenapplicationonthealternativelandusewithintheprojectboundaryinstratumiinyeart(tCO2e)23Theprojectemissionsmustbedividedbetweentheemissionsarisingfromtherespectiveprojectareasforplannedandunplanneddeforestationanddegradationthroughfuelwoodextraction/charcoalproduction.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-39Buffer%Bufferwithholdingpercentage24(percent)NERWRCTotalnetGHGemissionreductionsintheWRCprojectuptoyeart(tCO2e)NGRARRTotalnetGHGremovalsoftheARRprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)i1,2,3,…Mstrata(unitless)t1,2,3,…ttimeelapsedsincethestartoftheREDD+projectactivity(years)8.4.6UncertaintyAnalysisProjectmustuseModuleX-UNCtocombineuncertaintyinformationandconservativeestimatesandproduceanoveralluncertaintyestimateofthetotalnetGHGemissionreductions.TheestimatedcumulativenetanthropogenicGHGemissionreductionsmustbeadjustedateachpointintimetoaccountforuncertaintyasindicatedinModuleX-UNC25.ModuleX-UNCcalculatesanadjustedvalueforNERREDD+foranypointintime.ThisadjustedAdjusted_NERREDD+mustbethebasisofcalculationsateachpointintimeinEquation19.8.4.7CalculationofVerifiedCarbonUnitsToestimatethenumberofVerifiedCarbonUnits(VCUs)forthemonitoringperiodT=t2-t1,thismethodologyusesthefollowingequation:VCUtAdjusted_NERREDD,t2Adjusted_NERREDD,t1BufferTotal(19)Where:VCUtNumberofVerifiedCarbonUnitsatyeart=t2-t1(VCU)Adjusted_NERREDD+,t2TotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheREDD+projectactivityuptoyeart2andadjustedtoaccountforuncertainty(tCO2e)Adjusted_NERREDD+,t1TotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheREDD+projectactivityuptoyeart1andadjustedtoaccountforuncertainty(tCO2e)24Bufferwithholdingpercentagesarebasedontheproject’soverallriskclassification,thepercentageofcarboncreditsgeneratedbytheapprovedprojectactivitythatmustbedepositedintotheAFOLUpooledbufferaccounttocovernon-permanencerelatedprojectrisks.BufferwithholdingpercentagemustbecalculatedusingT-BAR.Differentpercentageswilllikelybecalculatedforeachofthebaselinetypesasrelevant.25Theallowableuncertaintyunderthismethodologyis+/-15%ofNERREDD+atthe95%confidencelevel.Wherethisprecisionlevelismetthennodeductionshouldresultforuncertainty.Whereuncertaintyexceeds15%ofNERREDD+atthe95%confidencelevelthenthedeductionmustbeequaltotheamountthattheuncertaintyexceedstheallowablelevel.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-40BufferTotalTotalpermanenceriskbufferwithholding(tCO2e)TheadjustedvalueforNERREDD+toaccountforuncertaintymustbecalculatedas:Adjusted_NERREDD+=NGRARR+(NERREDD+NERWRC)×(100%-NER(REDD+ERROR)+15%)(20)Where:Adjusted_NERREDD+TotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheREDD+projectactivitiesuptoyeartandadjustedtoaccountforuncertainty(tCO2e)NERREDDTotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheREDDprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)NERWRCTotalnetGHGemissionreductionsoftheWRCprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)NERREDD+_ERRORCumulativeuncertaintyfortheREDD+(REDDandWRC)projectactivitiesuptoyeart(percent)NGRARRTotalnetGHGremovalsoftheARRprojectactivityuptoyeart(tCO2e)FordetailsseeModuleX-UNC.9MONITORING9.1DataandParametersAvailableatValidationData/Parameter∆CBSL,degrad-FW/CDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetgreenhousegasemissionsinthebaselinefromdegradationcausedbyfuelwoodcollectionandcharcoalmakingEquations3SourceofdataModuleBL-DFWValueappliedN/AJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleBL-DFWPurposeofDataCalculationofbaselineemissionsCommentsN/AVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-41Data/Parameter∆CBSL,plannedDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetgreenhousegasemissionsinthebaselinefromplanneddeforestationEquations3,13SourceofdataModuleBL-PLValueappliedN/AJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleBL-PLPurposeofDataCalculationofbaselineemissionsCommentsN/AData/Parameter∆CBSL,unplannedDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetgreenhousegasemissionsinthebaselinefromunplanneddeforestationEquations3,14SourceofdataModuleBL-UPValueappliedN/AJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleBL-UPPurposeofDataCalculationofbaselineemissionsCommentsN/AData/Parameter∆CBSL-ARRDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetGHGremovalsintheARRbaselinescenariouptoyeartEquations5SourceofdataModuleBL-ARRValueappliedN/AVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-42JustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleBL-ARRPurposeofDataCalculationofbaselineemissionsCommentsN/AData/ParameterGHGBSL-WRCDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetGHGemissionsintheWRCbaselinescenariouptoyeartEquations6,7SourceofdataModuleBL-PEATValueappliedN/AJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleBL-PEATPurposeofDataCalculationofbaselineemissionsCommentsN/AData/ParameterEFC,i,tDataunittCO2eDescriptionEmissionsfromfossilfuelcombustioninstratumiinyeartEquations13-15SourceofdataModuleE-FFCValueappliedn/aJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleE-FFCPurposeofDataCalculationofprojectemissionsCommentsVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-439.2DataandParametersMonitoredData/Parameter:CWPS-REDDDataunit:tCO2eDescription:NetGHGemissionsintheREDDprojectscenariouptoyeartEquations2Sourceofdata:ModuleM-REDDDescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:SeeModuleM-REDDFrequencyofmonitoring/recording:SeeModuleM-REDDQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:SeeModuleM-REDDPurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeModuleM-REDDComments:Data/Parameter∆CLK-AS,degrad-FW/CDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetgreenhousegasemissionsduetoactivity-shiftingleakagefordegradationcausedbyextractionofwoodforfuelEquations4SourceofdataModuleLK-DFWValueappliedJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleLK-DFWPurposeofDataCalculationofleakageCalculationmethod:SeeModuleLK-DFWCommentsVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-44Data/Parameter∆CLK-AS,plannedDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetgreenhousegasemissionsduetoactivityshiftingleakageforprojectspreventingplanneddeforestationEquations4SourceofdataModuleLK-ASPValueappliedn/aJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleLK-ASPPurposeofDataCalculationofleakageCalculationmethod:SeeModuleLK-ASPCommentsData/Parameter∆CLK-AS,unplannedDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetgreenhousegasemissionsduetoactivityshiftingforprojectspreventingunplanneddeforestationEquations4SourceofdataModuleLK-ASUValueappliedn/aJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleLK-ASUPurposeofDataCalculationofleakageCalculationmethod:SeeModuleLK-ASUCommentsData/Parameter∆CLK-MEDataunittCO2eDescriptionNetgreenhousegasemissionsduetomarket-effectsleakageEquations4VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-45SourceofdataModuleLK-MEValueappliedJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleLK-MEPurposeofDataCalculationofleakageCalculationmethod:SeeModuleLK-MECommentsData/Parameter:CWPS-ARRDataunit:tCO2eDescription:NetGHGemissionsintheARRprojectscenariouptoyeartEquations5Sourceofdata:ModuleM-ARRDescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:SeeModuleM-ARRFrequencyofmonitoring/recording:SeeModuleM-ARRQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:SeeModuleM-ARRPurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeModuleM-ARRComments:Data/Parameter:CLK-ARRDataunit:tCO2eDescription:NetGHGemissionsduetoleakagefromtheARRprojectactivityuptoyeartEquations5Sourceofdata:ModuleLK-ARRDescriptionofmeasurementmethodsSeeModuleLK-ARRVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-46andprocedurestobeapplied:Frequencyofmonitoring/recording:SeeModuleLK-ARRQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:SeeModuleLK-ARRPurposeofdata:CalculationofleakageCalculationmethod:SeeModuleLK-ARRComments:Data/Parameter:GHGWPS-WRCDataunit:tCO2eDescription:NetGHGemissionsintheWRCprojectscenariouptoyeartEquations6Sourceofdata:ModuleM-PEATDescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandprocedurestobeapplied:SeeModuleM-PEATFrequencyofmonitoring/recording:SeeModuleM-PEATQA/QCprocedurestobeapplied:SeeModuleM-PEATPurposeofdata:CalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeModuleM-PEATComments:SeeModuleM-PEATData/ParameterGHGLK-ECODataunittCO2eDescriptionNetGHGemissionsduetoecologicalleakagefromtheWRCprojectactivityuptoyeartEquations6SourceofdataModuleLK-ECOValueappliedn/aVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-47JustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleLK-ECOPurposeofDataCalculationofleakageCalculationmethod:SeeModuleLK-ECOCommentsData/ParameterEFC,i,tDataunittCO2eDescriptionEmissionfromfossilfuelcombustioninstratumiinyeartEquations13-15SourceofdataModuleE-FFCValueappliedn/aJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleE-FFCPurposeofDataCalculationofprojectemissionsCalculationmethod:SeeModuleE-FFCCommentsData/ParameterN2Odirect-N,i,tDataunittCO2eDescriptionDirectN2OemissionasaresultofnitrogenapplicationonthealternativelandusewithintheprojectboundaryinstratumiinyeartEquations13-15SourceofdataModuleE-NAValueappliedn/aJustificationofchoiceofdataordescriptionofmeasurementmethodsandproceduresappliedSeeModuleE-NAPurposeofDataCalculationofprojectemissionsVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-48Calculationmethod:SeeModuleE-NAComments9.3DescriptionoftheMonitoringPlan9.3.1DevelopmentofMonitoringPlanGeneralThemonitoringplanmustaddressthefollowingmonitoringtasks,whichmustbeincludedinthemonitoringplan:MonitoringofprojectimplementationMonitoringofactualcarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsMonitoringofleakagecarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsEstimationofexpostnetcarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsForeachofthesetasks,themonitoringplanmustincludethefollowinginformation:a.Technicaldescriptionofthemonitoringtaskb.Datatobecollected(thelistofdataandparameterstobecollectedmustbegiveninPD)c.Overviewofdatacollectionproceduresd.Qualitycontrolandqualityassuranceproceduree.Dataarchivingf.OrganisationandresponsibilitiesofthepartiesinvolvedinalloftheaboveUncertaintyandQualityManagementQualitymanagementproceduresarerequiredforthemanagementofdataandinformation,includingtheassessmentofuncertainty,relevanttotheprojectandbaselinescenarios.Asfarasispractical,uncertaintiesrelatedtothequantificationofGHGemissionreductionsandremovalsbysinksshouldbereduced.Tohelpreduceuncertaintiesintheaccountingofemissionsandremovals,thismethodologyuses,wheneverpossible,theprovenmethodsfromthelatestavailableIPCCguidancedocuments(GPG-LULUCFandReportingGuidelines)andpeer-reviewedliterature.Despitethis,potentialuncertaintiesstillarisefromthechoiceofparameterstobeused.UncertaintiesarisingfrominputparameterswouldresultinuncertaintiesintheestimationofbothbaselinenetGHGemissionsandprojectnetGHGemissions–especiallywhenglobaldefaultfactorsareused.Theprojectmustidentifykeyparametersthatwouldsignificantlyinfluencetheaccuracyofestimates.Localvaluesthatarespecifictotheprojectcircumstancesmustthenbeobtainedforthesekeyparameters,wheneverpossible.Thesevaluesshouldbebasedon:VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-49Datafromwell-referencedpeer-reviewedliteratureorotherwell-establishedpublishedsources26;orNationalinventorydataordefaultfactorsfromIPCCliteraturethathas,wheneverpossibleandnecessary,beencheckedforconsistencyagainstavailablelocaldataspecifictotheprojectcircumstances;orIntheabsenceoftheabovesourcesofinformation,expertopinionmaybeusedtoassistwithdataselection.Expertswilloftenprovidearangeofdata,aswellasamostprobablevalueforthedata.Therationaleforselectingaparticulardatavaluemustbebrieflynoted.Inchoosingkeyparameters,ormakingimportantassumptionsbasedoninformationthatisnotspecifictotheprojectcircumstances,suchasinuseofdefaultfactors,theprojectmustselectvaluesthatwillleadtoanaccurateestimationofnetGHGemissionreductions,takingintoaccountuncertainties.Ifuncertaintyissignificant,theprojectmustchoosedatasuchthatitindisputablytendstounder-estimate,ratherthanover-estimate,netGHGprojectbenefits.ToensurethatGHGfluxesareestimatedinawaythatisaccurate,verifiable,transparent,andconsistentacrossmeasurementperiods,theprojectmustestablishanddocumentclearstandardoperatingproceduresandproceduresforensuringdataquality.Ataminimum,theseproceduresmustinclude:Comprehensivedocumentationofallfieldmeasurementscarriedoutintheprojectarea.ThisdocumentmustbedetailedenoughtoallowreplicationofsamplingintheeventofstaffturnoverbetweenmonitoringperiodsTrainingproceduresforallpersonsinvolvedinfieldmeasurementordataanalysis.ThescopeanddateofalltrainingmustbedocumentedAprotocolforassessingtheaccuracyofplotmeasurementsusingacheckcruiseandaplanforcorrectingtheinventoryiferrorsarediscoveredProtocolsforassessingdataforoutliers,transcriptionerrors,andconsistencyacrossmeasurementperiodsDatasheetsmustbesafelyarchivedforthelifeoftheproject.DatastoredinelectronicformatsmustbebackedupExpertjudgementTheuseofexpertjudgmentfortheselectionandinterpretationofmethods,selectionofinputdatatofillgapsinavailabledata,andselectionofdatafromarangeofpossiblevaluesoruncertainty26Typically,citationsforsourcesofdatausedshouldinclude:thereportorpapertitle,publisher,pagenumbers,publicationdateetc.(oradetailedwebaddress).Ifweb-basedreportsarecited,hardcopiesshouldbeincludedasannexesinthePDifthereisanylikelihoodthatsuchreportsmaynotbepermanentlyavailable.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-50ranges,areallwellestablishedintheIPCC2006goodpracticeguidance.Obtainingwell-informedjudgmentsfromdomainexpertsregardingbestestimatesanduncertaintiesisanimportantaspectinvariousproceduresthroughoutthismethodology.TheprojectproponentmustusetheguidanceprovidedinChapter2(ApproachestoDataCollection),inparticular,Section2.2andAnnex2A.1oftheIPCC2006goodpracticeguidance.MonitoringofProjectImplementationInformationmustbeprovided,andrecorded,toestablishthat:1)Thegeographicpositionoftheprojectboundaryisrecordedforallareasofland.Thegeographiccoordinatesoftheprojectboundary(andanystratificationorbufferzonesinsidetheboundary)areestablished,recordedandarchived.Thiscanbeachievedbyfieldsurvey(eg,usingGPS),orbyusinggeoreferencedspatialdata(eg,maps,GISdatasets,orthorectifiedaerialphotographyorgeoreferencedremotesensingimages).Theabovealsoappliestotherecordingofstrata,includingstrataresultingfrompeatlandfiresintheprojectscenario.2)Commonlyacceptedprinciplesoflanduseinventoryandmanagementareimplemented.Standardoperatingprocedures(SOPs)andqualitycontrol/qualityassurance(QA/QC)proceduresforinventoriesincludingfielddatacollectionanddatamanagementmustbeapplied.UseoradaptationofSOPsalreadyappliedinnationallandusemonitoring,oravailablefrompublishedhandbooks,orfromthelatestIPCCguidancedocuments(GPG–LULUCF,ReportingGuidelines,isrecommendedApplySOPs,especiallyforactionslikelytocausepeatdisturbancesTheprojectplan,togetherwitharecordoftheplanasactuallyimplementedduringtheprojectmustbeavailableforvalidationorverification,asappropriateForWRCprojectactivities,continuedcompliancewiththeapplicabilityconditionsofthismethodologymustbeensuredbymonitoringthat:Thewatertableisnotloweredexceptwheretheprojectconvertsopenwatertotidalwetlands,orimprovesthehydrologicalconnectiontoimpoundedwatersTheburningoforganicsoilasaprojectactivitydoesnotoccurPeatlandfireswithintheprojectareadonotoccurintheprojectscenario.Iftheydooccurasnon-catastrophicevents,theyareaccountedforbycancellingtheFireReductionPremiumfortheentireprojectortheindividualprojectactivityinstance.NitrogenfertilizersarenotusedwithintheprojectareaintheprojectscenarioVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-51REDDFormonitoringchangesinforestcoverandcarbonstockchanges,themonitoringplanmustusethemethodsgiveninModuleM-REDD.Allrelevantparametersfromthemodulesaretobeincludedinthemonitoringplan.ARRFormonitoringcarbonstockchanges,themonitoringplanmustusethemethodsgiveninmoduleM-ARR.Allrelevantparametersfromthemodulesaretobeincludedinthemonitoringplan.WRCFormonitoringGHGemissionsfrompeatlandortidalwetlands,themonitoringplanmustusethemethodsgiveninModuleM-PEATorM-TW,respectively.AllrelevantparametersfromthemodulesaretobeincludedastheSOCpoolinthemonitoringplan.9.3.2MonitoringEx-postmonitoringmusthavetwokeyaspects:TASK1.MonitoringaccordingtomonitoringplanTASK2.RevisingthebaselineforfutureprojectcreditingperiodsTASK1:MonitoringAccordingtotheMonitoringPlanMonitoringofKeyBaselineVariablesREDDInformationrequiredtoperiodicallyreassesstheprojectbaselinemustbecollectedduringtheentireprojectcreditingperiod.Keyvariablestobemeasuredare:ChangesinforestcoverintheReferenceRegionsforDeforestation(RRD)(ataminimumofevery10years),asspecifiedinModuleM-REDDandwhererelevantinModuleBL-UP.Spatialvariabledatasetsusedtomodelthelocationofdeforestation,asspecifiedinModuleBL-UP.Asaminimum,thevariablesusedinthefirstbaselineassessmentmustbemonitoredatthetimeofthere-assessmenttodetermineiftheyhavechanged.Whererequired,carbonstockdata,asspecifiedinModuleM-REDD.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-52ARRChangesinbiomasscarbonstocksintheprojectareamustbemeasuredbeforeeachverificationaspartofthemonitoring.MethodsmustbeconsistentwiththemethodologygiveninModuleM-ARRandanytechnicalguidancespecifiedinthemonitoringplan.WRCInprojectswithaWRCcomponent,theinformationrequiredtoperiodicallyreassesstheprojectbaselinemustincludechangesinthedrainagelayoutandclimatevariables,asspecifiedinModuleBL-PEATorBL-TWand,whererelevant,ModulesBL-UPandBL-PLandanytechnicalguidancespecifiedinthemonitoringplan.Carbonstocksinmostcaseswillnothavetobemonitoredduringthebaselineperiod,exceptinthefollowingcases:Wherethereisanincreasedaccuracyandprecisionoftheex-antecarbonstockestimates,whicharealsousedforex-postcalculations.VerifiableevidencemustbeprovidedtoVCSverifiersthattheaccuracyandprecisionofthecarbonstockestimateshaveimproved,comparedtopreviousestimates.Anychangeincarbonstockdensitieswillbesubjecttovalidation.Whereemissionsreductions/removalsareclaimedforavoidingforestdegradationcausedbyextractionofwoodforfuelorcharcoalorcarbonsequestrationinforestlandthatwouldhavebeendeforestedinthebaselinecase.Insuchcases,themethodsdescribedinModuleM-REDD.Carbonstocksmustbereassessedateverybaselinerevision.Whereemissionsareincludedinthebaseline,theymustbemonitoredintheprojectcase,followingthemethodologicalproceduresdescribedintheemissionmodules(E-BPB,E-FFC,andE-NA).Thecalculationsofactualcarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionsmustbereportedusingtransparentprocedures.Changesinwaterdepthsintheprojectarea(andleakagebeltforunplanneddeforestation),mustbemeasuredbeforeeachverificationaspartofthemonitoring.MethodsmustbeconsistentwiththemethodologygiveninModuleM-PEATorM-TWandanytechnicalguidancespecifiedinthemonitoringplan.MonitoringofLeakageAllsignificantsourcesofleakageidentifiedaresubjecttomonitoring,followingtheproceduresoutlinedinthemonitoringplan.SuchproceduresmustbeconsistentwiththeapplicableleakageVM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-53modules(LK-ASP,LK-ASU,LK-ME,LK-DFW,LK-ARRandLK-ECO).Allrelevantparametersintheleakagemodulesmustbeincludedinthemonitoringplan.TASK2:RevisingtheBaselineforFutureProjectCreditingPeriodsBaselinesmustberevisedovertimebecauseagents,driversandunderlyingcausesofdeforestationaswellasdrainagelayoutsandclimatevariableschangedynamically.Themethodologicalprocedureusedtoupdatethebaselinemustbethesameasusedinthefirstestimation.10REFERENCESIPCC.2003.GoodPracticeGuidanceforLandUse,LandUseChangeandForestry.InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies(IGES).http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.htmlIPCC.2006.2006IPCCGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories.InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies(IGES).http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htmlAdditionalinformationcanbefoundinthemodulesreferencedthroughoutthismethodology.VM0007,Version1.6SectoralScope14REDD+MF-54DOCUMENTHISTORYVersionDateCommentv1.03Dec2010Initialversionv1.17Sept2011TheREDDMethodologyFrameworkwasupdatedtolimitthereassessmentoftheunplannedbaselinescenariotoeverytenyears.Themethodologywasalsoincrementedtoreflectarevisiontothemoduleforestimationofbaselinecarbonstockchangesandgreenhousegasemissionfromunplanneddeforestation(BL-UP),v2.0,whichwasapprovedundertheVCSProgramon7September2011.v1.231July2012Table2wasremovedtoavoidconfusionwithTable1.Table1isnowtheexclusivesourceinthemethodologyfordeterminingincluded/excludedpools.v1.320Nov2012TheREDDMethodologyFrameworkwasupdatedtoincludeavoidedplanneddegradationasanallowableactivity:Removedtheapplicabilitycondition“wherepost-deforestationlanduseconstitutesreforestationthismodulemustnotbeused”Renamed“planneddeforestation”to“planneddeforestationandplanneddegradation”Addedthetext“hereafterinthismodule,“deforestation”referstobothdeforestationandplanneddegradation”Acorrectionmadetoequation8toappropriatelycalculatethetotalVCUsavailableforissuance.v1.43May2013Applicabilityconditionforunplanneddeforestation“wherepost-deforestationlanduseconstitutesreforestationthismodulemustnotbeused”wasremoved.Equations4,5and6wererevisedtoappropriatelyaccountforthebuffer.v1.59March2015UpdatedtoincludeREDD+projectactivitiesonpeatlands,aswellasactivitiesthatincludeARR.Methodologynowincludessixnewmodules:VMD0041BL-ARR,VMD0042BL-PEAT,VMD0043LK-ARR,VMD0044LK-ECO,VMD0045M-ARR,andVMD0046M-PEAT.v1.68Sep2020UpdatedtoincludeCIWandRWEprojectactivitiesontidalwetlands.Methodologynowincludesthreenewmodules:VMD0050BL-TW,VMD0051M-TWandVMD0052ADD-AM.