第55卷 第9期
2004年9月
化 工 学 报
Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (China)
Vol∙55 №9
September 2004
综述与专论 煤基燃料的制备与应用
谢克昌 李 忠
(太原理工大学煤科学与技术教育部和山西省重点实验室山西 太原 030024)
摘 要 随着国内能源消费的增长特别是车用燃料的迅速增长石油消费总量越来越大但国内石油资源有
限专家预计2010年和2020年石油的对外依存度将达到50%和60%威胁国家能源的安全供应.但我国煤炭资
源相对丰富大力发展以煤为原料的合成液体替代燃料提供部分车用燃料将是解决能源安全供应问题的重
要途径之一.论述和比较了合成煤基燃料的3种不同工艺路线:煤直接液化合成油煤间接液化合成油和煤基
含氧燃料合成.前两种工艺的主要目标是提高燃料的 H/C 比以合成粗油或碳氢化合物为目标产物.新一代煤
直接液化合成油技术还没有工业化装置投入运行但间接 F-T 合成碳氢燃料已有成功的工业经验.和石油基燃
料相比虽然煤基碳氢燃料还不具有明显的经济优势但对于石油资源有限的中国具有重要的战略意义.煤间
接液化也可合成煤基含氧燃料即甲醇燃料和二甲醚燃料等.和碳氢燃料相比合成煤基含氧燃料不仅具有明
显的技术和经济优势而且充分利用了煤中 C、H 和O3种主要元素可以实现资源、能源、环境和经济可持续
发展.
关键词 煤 能源 煤基燃料 洁净煤技术
中图分类号 TQ53 文献标识码 A文章编号 0438-1157 (2004) 09-1393-07
PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF COAL-BASED FUEL
XIE Kechang and LI Zhong
( Key Lab for Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024 Shanxi China)
Abstract With rapidly growing demand for energyespecially for transportation fuelsChina is likely to turn to coal as
a basis for providing synthetic liquid fuels for transportation and other applications.Three alternative approaches to
providing liquid fuels from coal:direct coal liquefactionindirect coal liquefaction and synthesis of coa-l based
oxygenated fuelsare described and compared in this paper.In the first two cases a major challenge is to increase the
ratio of hydrogen to carbon and the objective product is synthetic crude oil or hydrocarbon fuel.Modern technology of
direct coal liquefaction has not yet been commercializedwhile Fisher-Tropsch synthesis is well established
commercially.Even though coa-l based hydrocarbon fuels do not have significant economic advantages as compared with
petroleum productsthey have significant strategic importance in energy security in China.Two oxygenated fuels from
coalmethanol (MeOH) and dimethyl ether (DME)can also be derived via indirect liquefaction.The oxygenated
fuels from coal has a unique advantage in both technology and economywhich is derived from economical utilization of
CHand O in coal.
Keywords coalenergycoa-l based fuelclean coal technology
2003-06-17收到初稿2004-06-24收到修改稿.
联系人及第一作者:谢克昌男57岁中国工程院院士
教授.
Received date:2003-06-17.
Corresponding author:Prof.XIE Kechang.