第38 卷第3期
2017 年3月环境科学
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Vol. 38,No. 3
Mar. ,
2017
京津冀地区主要排放源减排对 PM2. 5 污染改善贡献评估
吴文景1,
常兴1,
邢佳1,
王书肖1,2* ,
郝吉明1,2
(1. 清华大学环境学院,
环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,
北京100084;2. 国家环境保护大气复合污染来源与控
制重点实验室,
北京 100084)
摘要:研究选取2012 年1月和 7月作为冬夏两季代表时段,
利用 CMAQ /2D-VBS 模型分析了冬夏两季京津冀地区主要排放源
减排 30% 对改善区域 PM2. 5 污染的效果.结果表明,
工业源对 PM2. 5 污染的贡献最大,
其次是民用源,
但工业源单位减排量贡献
低于民用源,
交通源和电厂源的整体贡献和单位减排量贡献均较小.工业部门内贡献最大的为钢铁冶金行业,
其次是水泥、
工业锅炉、
炼焦、
石灰砖瓦和化工行业.与各部门各物种排放量的比较反映出各排放源贡献大小与其一次 PM2. 5 排放水平高
度相关.因京津冀地区冬季 NOx减排对 PM2. 5 形成的促进作用,
以及冬季较弱的大气垂直扩散作用,
各排放源夏季减排比冬季
普遍更有效,
交通源、
电厂源以及工业源中的水泥、
工业锅炉和石灰砖瓦行业夏季减排效果相比冬季优势明显.民用源由于
采暖季排放较高而冬季贡献更明显,
农业源因秸秆开放燃烧量大,
冬季单位减排量贡献十分显著.从同等幅度减排考虑,
应将
工业源作为控制重点,
优先控制其一次 PM2. 5 排放,
在部门内进一步重点控制钢铁冶金行业的 NOx和SO2排放、
水泥行业的夏
季NOx排放以及炼焦行业的 SO2和NMVOC 排放.民用源排放应着重在冬季采暖期控制.
关键词:PM2. 5 ;京津冀地区;CMAQ /2D-VBS;控制对策;减排
中图分类号:X51 文献标识码:A文章编号:0250-3301(2017)03-0867-09 DOI:10. 13227 /j. hjkx. 201607191
收稿日期:2016-07-27;修订日期:2016-09-28
基金项目:环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409002);中国科学院
战略性先导科技专项(XDB05020300)
作者简介:吴文景(1991 ~ ),
男,
硕士研究生,
主要研究方向为大气
污染数值模拟,E-mail:wuwj91@ 126. com
*通信作者,E-mail:shxwang@ tsinghua. edu. cn
Assessment of PM2. 5 Pollution Mitigation due to Emission Reduction from Main
Emission Sources in the Bejing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
WU Wen-jing1,CHANG Xing1,XING Jia1,WANG Shu-xiao1,2* ,HAO Ji-ming1,2
(1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,
China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex,Beijing 100084,China)
Abstract:This study chose two months (January and July)in 2012 which represent winter and summer respectively,to assess the
effects of fine particle(PM2. 5 )pollution elimination due to emission control from different sectors in the Bejing-Tianjin-Hebei region by
using CMAQ/2D-VBS modeling system. The results showed that,industrial emissions contributed most to PM2. 5 pollution in the
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,followed by domestic emissions,while the contribution of per ton emission reduced for industrial sectors
subject to domestic sectors. The total contribution and contribution of per ton emission reduced for transportation and power plant were
both at low level. Among industrial sectors,the iron,steel and metallurgical industry was the greatest contributor,followed by cement
industry,industrial boiler,coking industry,lime and bricks industry and chemical industry. It was found that the contribution of each
emission source had significant association with its primary PM2. 5 emission level. The control of NOxemissions would promote the
formation of PM2. 5 ,and atmospheric vertical diffusion effect was weak during wintertime in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. As a
result,emission control of various sectors was universally more effective for PM2. 5 pollution mitigation in summer than in winter.
Emission control in summer was significantly more effective for transportation,powerplant,cement industry,industrial boiler and lime
and bricks industry. Due to considerable emissions in heating season,domestic emissions showed more contribution in winter.
Agricultural sources showed greater contribution per emission reduction in winter by the reason of substantial emissions from straw open
burning during this time. With respect to a certain reduction ratio of emission,future control strategies should pay more attention to
industrial emissions,especially to the primary PM2. 5 emissions. In details,priorities should be given to NOxand SO2emission control
for iron,steel and metallurgical industry,NOxemission control for cement industry and SO2and NMVOC emission control for coking
industry. Besides,domestic emission control should also be taken into consideration,and it will be more effective in winter.
Key words:PM2. 5 ;the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region;CMAQ/2D-VBS;control strategy;emissions reduction
PM2. 5 又称细颗粒物,
是指空气动力学当量直径
小于等于 2. 5 μm的颗粒物.大气中的 PM2. 5 有诸多
危害,
不仅能危害人体健康,
也会降低城市能见度,
甚
至影响气候变化[1,2].随着我国社会经济的快速发
展,
以PM2. 5 污染为代表的区域复合大气污染问题逐
渐显现并日益加剧,
这在京津冀地区尤为显著.根据
我国环境保护部公开的数据
[3],2015 年京津冀地区