第33 卷 第 11 期
2020 年11 月
环 境 科 学 研 究
Research of Environmental Sciences
Vol.33,No.11
Nov.,2020
收稿日期:2020-06-22 修订日期:2020-09-22
作者简介:张远(1970-) ,
男,
辽宁沈阳人,
研究员,
博士,
博导,
主要从事水生态保护修复研究,zhangyuan@ craes.org.cn.
*责任作者,
吴丰昌(1965-) ,
男,
浙江衢州人,
中国工程院院士,
研究员,
博士,
博导,
主要从事环境地球化学和水质基准研究,wufengchang@ vip.skleg.cn
基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07301)
Supported by National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment,China (No.2017ZX07301)
中国地表水环境质量标准研究
张 远,林佳宁,王 慧,郭昌胜,丁 森,贾晓波,霍守亮,徐 建,刘 琰,
王海燕,吴丰昌*
中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京 100012
摘要:《
地表水环境质量标准》
是水环境管理的尺度,
在推动我国水污染防治、
公众健康与水生态安全保障等方面发挥着十分重
要的作用.随着我国进入生态文明建设新阶段,
水环境保护和社会经济发展形势发生深刻变化,
如何与时俱进,
及时修订丰富现
行标准成为迫在眉睫的问题.全面剖析了我国现行 GB 3838—2002《
地表水环境质量标准》
修订历程、
修订依据、
重要贡献、
存在
问题及国家需求,
结合国际标准发展趋势和我国社会发展阶段,
提出未来将
《
地表水环境质量标准》
由单项标准向系列标准转变
的修订思路框架.初步阐述了由系列标准构成的
“1+N”
的标准体系框架,
其中
,“1”
是地表水环境质量基本项目标准,
用于判断
地表水环境质量的优劣程度,
反映水环境功能的基本水质要求
;“N”
是不同的特定保护项目标准,
包括保护水生生物的有毒有害
污染物项目水质标准、
地表饮用水源地水质标准、
湖泊营养物状态评价标准以及地表水水生物状况评价标准,
并提出了各分标准
的相关制修订方案.
关键词:《
地表水环境质量标准》;修订;饮用水源地;保护水生生物;湖库富营养化
中图分类号:X524 文章编号:1001-6929(2020)11-2523-06
文献标志码:ADOI:10. 13198j. issn. 1001-6929. 2020. 10. 14
Research on Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water
ZHANG Yuan,LIN Jianing,WANG Hui,GUO Changsheng,DING Sen,JIA Xiaobo,HUO Shouliang,XU Jian,
LIU Yan,WANG Haiyan,WU Fengchang*
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Institute of Water Environment Science,Chinese Research Academy
of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China
Abstract:Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water are the main basis for water environment management,which play a very
important role in promoting the prevention and control of water pollution,public health and water ecological security in China. With the
construction of China's ecological civilization in the new era,major changes have taken place in water environment protection. Therefore,
the existing standards are difficult to meet the needs of the current management,and the revision of the standards has become extremely
urgent. This paper comprehensively analyzes the revision process,basis,important contribution,existing problems and revision
requirements for current Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). Combined with the development trend of
international standards and the social and economic stage in China,the revision idea of transforming the Environmental Quality Standard
for Surface Water from monoidal standards to serial‘1+N’standards is preliminarily put forward. Within the standard system framework,
‘1’is the basic project of the standards,which can be used to judge the degree of surface water environmental quality and reflect the
basic water quality requirements of water environmental functions.‘N’refers to the specific protection projects of the standards,including
toxic and harmful pollutant standards for the protection of aquatic organisms,water environmental quality standards for drinking water
sources,evaluation standards for lake eutrophication,and evaluation standards for aquatic biological indicators. Lastly,the revision
schemes of each sub-standard in the serial standards are introduced.
Keywords:Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water;revise;drinking water source;aquatic organisms protection;lake
eutrophication