Analysisandforecastto2027Electricity2025TheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits32Membercountries,13Associationcountriesandbeyond.Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Revisedversion,February2025Informationnoticefoundat:www.iea.org/correctionsarea.Source:IEA.InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgIEAMembercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesTheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAAssociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYElectricity2025AbstractPAGE|3IEA.CCBY4.0.AbstractStronggrowthinelectricitydemandisraisingthecurtainonanewAgeofElectricity,withconsumptionsettosoarthrough2027.Electrificationofbuildings,transportationandindustrycombinedwithagrowingdemandforairconditionersanddatacentresisusheringashifttowardaglobaleconomywithelectricityatitsfoundations.TheInternationalEnergyAgency’sElectricity2025providesadeepandcomprehensiveanalysisofallthesetrendsaswellasrecentpolicydevelopments.Fortheperiod2025through2027,itforecastselectricitydemand,supplyandcarbondioxide(CO2)emissionsforselectcountries,byregionandworldwide.Thereportexploresemergingtrendssuchasgrowingelectrification,expandingpowersystemsandanincreasingshareofweather-dependentenergysourcesinthegenerationmix.Throughthislens,itassessesresourceadequacyandthemethodsneededtoensurethesecurity,resilienceandreliabilityofpowersystemsandelectricitysupply.Thisyear’sreport,nowinitssixthyear,includesaspecialfeatureonChina’sevolvingpowerdemandaswellasasectiononthephenomenonofnegativewholesaleelectricitypricesinsomemarkets.Electricity2025AcknowledgementsPAGE|4IEA.CCBY4.0.Acknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsThisstudywaspreparedbytheGas,CoalandPowerMarkets(GCP)DivisionoftheInternationalEnergyAgency’s(IEA)DirectorateofEnergyMarketsandSecurity(EMS).ThestudywasdesignedanddirectedbyErenÇam,EnergyAnalystforElectricity,whoalsoco-ordinatedtheproductionofthereport.TheleadauthorsofthereportwereErenÇam,MarcCasanovasandJohnMoloney.OtherIEAcolleaguesprovidedimportantcontributions,includingJavierJorqueraCopierandJacquesWarichet(Adequacy),FlorisvanDedemandRenaKuwahata(Networktariffs),MatthewDavisandMartinStrandHušek(Wholesaleprices).TheworkgreatlybenefittedfromstrategicguidancefromKeisukeSadamori,DirectorofEMSandDennisHesseling,HeadofGCP.ValuablecommentsandguidancewereprovidedbyotherseniormanagementwithintheIEA,inparticular,LauraCozziandTimGould.Inaddition,expertguidanceandvaluableinputfromCarlosFernándezÁlvarez,SeniorEnergyAnalyst,isgreatlyappreciated.ThereportalsobenefitedfromanalysisanddatafromSyrineElAbed,NadimAbillama,SyedYasirAhmad,JennyBirkeland,EsraBozkırBroekman,PedroNi...