Sustainabilityisourbusiness©Copyright2024byTheERMInternationalGroupLimitedand/oritsaffiliates(‘ERM’).Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionofERM.2030ZEVMandatePlanPREPAREDFOREUROPEANCLIMATEFOUNDATION22NDNOVEMBER2024FINALREPORTAbouttheauthorsPartner-in-Charge:CelineCluzel,PartnerProjectDirector:RichardRiley,ConsultingDirectorProjectManager:JacobDalder,ManagingConsultantPolicyModellingLeadandProjectDelivery:RobertPearce-Higgins,SeniorConsultantProjectAnalyst:NatashaHarland,ConsultantThisstudyusesdataderivedfrompubliclyavailablesourcesandincorporatesindependentmodellingandanalysisperformedbyERM.PolicymodellinginputsandassumptionshavebeenapprovedbytheEuropeanClimateFoundation.Foundedin1971,ERMarethelargestadvisoryfirmintheworldfocusingsolelyonsustainability,offeringunparalleleddepthandbreadthofexpertise.Weshapeasustainablefuturewiththeworld’sleadingorganizationsOurpurposeguideseverythingwedo.Wecreateabetterfuturebyhelpingtheworld’sbiggestbrandsaddresstoday’ssustainabilityimperatives.WearetherecognizedmarketleaderinsustainabilityservicesNumerousindustrybenchmarksattesttoourmarketleadershipandthemajorityofourworkissole-sourced,reflectingtrustedpartnershipswebuildwithourclients.ECFZEVMandate-FinalReport34ECFZEVMandate-FinalReportAFIR–AlternativeFuelsInfrastructureRegulationBEV–BatteryelectricvehicleBiK–Benefit-in-kindCA–CombinedAuthorityCLTC–ChinaLight-DutyVehicleTestCycleCPO–ChargepointoperatorDfT–DepartmentforTransportEU–EuropeanUnionEV–ElectricvehicleEVCP–ElectricvehiclechargepointEVSE–ElectricvehiclesupplyequipmentICEV/ICE–Internalcombustionengine[vehicle](i.e.,petrolordieselvehicle)ITT–InvitationtotenderLA–LocalAuthorityLEVI–LocalElectricVehicleInfrastructure[fund]NEVIS–NationalEVInsight&Support[tool/knowledgerepository]OEM–Originalequipmentmanufacturer(e.g.,Volvo,Ford,etc.)ORCS–On-streetResidentialChargepointSchemeOZEV–OfficeforZeroEmissionVehiclesPHEV–Plug-inhybridelectricvehicleRCF–RapidChargingFundSoC–StateofchargeSTB–Sub-nationaltransportbodyTCO–TotalcostofownershipTfN–TransportfortheNorthWLTP–WorldwideHarmonisedLightVehicleTestProcedureVED–VehicleExciseDutyZEV–Zero-emissionvehicleGlossaryofacronymsusedinthereportContents5ECFZEVMandate-FinalReportExecutivesummaryRealworlddeliveryRealworlddeliveryIntroductionandcontextIntroductionandcontextAssessmentofbarrierstoBEVadoptionintheUKAssessmentofbarrierstoBEVadoptionintheUKAnalysisofpolicyoptions/actionstoenableaccelerationofBEVadoptionAnalysisofpolicyoptions/actionstoenableaccelerationofBEVadoptionRecommendationsandconclusionsRecommendationsandconclusionsAppendixAppendixBackground:TheUK’splannedbanonthesaleofpetrolanddieselinternalcombustionengine(ICE)carsby2030wasreplacedin2024bythezero-emissionvehicle(ZEV)mandate,alawwhichrequires80%ofnewcarsalestobeZEVsby2030.DespitetheUK’scharginginfrastructurerolloutandthedecreasingcostsofbatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs),thesalesshareofBEVsintheUKhasnotincreasedoverthelasttwoandhalfyears.Becauseofthis,andinthecontextoftheLabourparties’statedintentionof“restoringthephase-outdateof2030fornewcarswithinternalcombustionengines”1,additionalpolicyandgovernmentactionsarenecessarytoaccelerateBEVuptaketosupporttheZEVmandate.Furthermore,withoutadditionalintervention,theBEVtransitionwil...