GridFormingControlforVSC-HVDCConnectingOffshoreWindFarmYuexiYangStateGridSmartGridResearchInstituteCo.,Ltd2024.07PartOneBackground1TheBorWin6projectisaVSC-HVDCconnectionforanoffshorewindfarm,scheduledforcompletionin2027.TheStateGridteamisresponsiblefortheengineering,manufacture,installation,andcommissioningofboththeonshoreandoffshoreconverterstations.DCVoltage:±320kVCapacity:1030MWTransmissionDistance:235kmOperationTime:2027SchematicoftheBorwin6ProjectinGermany1.1BorWin6ProjectBorWin6980MMBorWinkappa2Büttel31.1BorWin6ProjectTheBorWin6projectisconnectedtothesameACbusastheHelWin1,HelWin2,andSyIWin1projects.Alloftheaforementionedconverterstationsarelocatedatthesamesubstation.■Inthefuture,thenorthernpartofGermanywillhavemoreVSC-HVDC-connectedoffshorewindfarmprojects,formingapowergridwithahighpenetrationofrenewablesandpowerelectronics.VDE-AR-N4130FNNGuideline:GridformingbehaviorofHVDCsystemsandDC-connectedPPMs.SupplementtoVDEAR-N4131THEGRIDCODE,issue6,REVISION18,2October2023GC0137:GridFormingConverterSpecificationENTSO-E:HighPenetrationofPowerElectronicInterfacedPowerSourcesandthePotentialContributionofGridFormingConvertersIEEEStandardforInterconnectionandInteroperabilityofInverter-BasedResources(IBRs)InterconnectingwithAssociatedTransmissionElectricPowerSystemsTenneTGirdCode:GridConnectionRequirements-HighandExtra-HighVoltage_24thJuly20231.2RequirementsforGridFormingControlAccordingtotheGermanGridCode,VSC-HVDCprojectsbuiltinGermanyafter2021arerequiredtoadoptgridformingcontrol.nationalgridESODratFinalModificationHoporModficatiosprocss4tireubkGC0137:MinimumSpecificationRequiredforProvisionofGridFormingCapability(feeSynchronousCapability)Om:mdatoynGdCode,eltnCapathichwymewlleblepatfiesstabiysenioe.ThensuringvueGrttrpetafante2025andpbvdgnammerdalmctherskuitanystablypathdercontihmestFNNGuideline:GridformingbehaviourofHVDCsystemsandDC-connectedPPMsSheplementtoVDE-ARN4131ordynamiktroquensy'aclvepowrbehavourddnankcwoltagesortrolwithouteactivecurentspechcadonanThsmneewGermanyUnitedKingdomEuropeanUnionIEEETenneTCompanyGridCodesRelatedtoGridFormingControlHavo5minsos?Ha20miuts?Hav30minuts?StatsssummarysdhangsshoudPaolocommanesitionfonginay0Dan2019GBislGridCode4epet00012eatfIsknV/11.2RequirementsforGridFormingControlTheBorWin6shouldpresenta"voltagesource"characteristictotheACpowergridunderdifferentoperatingconditions.TheVSC-HVDC,eitherbyitselfortogetherwiththegrid-formingwindfarm,shallsupporttheonshoreACpowergrid[1]:■(1)Providingactivepowersupportwhenthefrequency/phaseangleoftheACpowergridchanges.(2)ProvidingreactivepowersupportwhenthevoltageamplitudeoftheACpowergridchanges.(3)Providingshortcircuitcurrentbutalsolimitingcurrentduringfaultstoensureequipmentsafety.—op—ief—bottomTestconfigurationforgridformingcontrol(Onshorrop)[1][1]TenneTTSOGmbHNetzanschlussregelnHoch-undHochstspannung(NAR)AnnexB409Grid-FormingControlStudy2022-07-2215cyDrvesnueCrequopFeeldvGriEnreACPowerActivePowe6.3.3.1TheANshallusethetestsystemshowninFigure1foralltestscenariosinthecon-formityforgridformingcontrol.Figure1:Simplifiedsinglelinediagramofthetestconfigurationforgridformingcontroltime国ParttwoGridFormingControl62.1TechnicalChallengesThestoredenergyofVSC-HVDCislimited,soitisnecessarytocoordinatethewindturbineandVSC-HVDCtoachieveactivepowersupportfortheonshoreACpowergrid.Thereisatrade-offbetweenactivepower...