INVENTORYOFBESTPRACTICESFORLOWCARBONANDRESILIENTINFRASTRUCTUREALONGTHEASIANHIGHWAYNETWORK20240InventoryofBestPracticesforLowCarbonandResilientInfrastructurealongtheAsianHighwayNetworkiTheEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(ESCAP)servesastheUnitedNations’regionalhubpromotingcooperationamongcountriestoachieveinclusiveandsustainabledevelopment.Thelargestregionalintergovernmentalplatformwith53memberStatesand9associatemembers,ESCAPhasemergedasastrongregionalthink-tankofferingcountriessoundanalyticalproductsthatshedinsightintotheevolvingeconomic,socialandenvironmentaldynamicsoftheregion.TheCommission’sstrategicfocusistodeliveronthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,whichitdoesbyreinforcinganddeepeningregionalcooperationandintegrationtoadvanceconnectivity,financialcooperationandmarketintegration.TheresearchandanalysisofESCAPcoupledwithitspolicyadvisoryservices,andcapacity-buildingandtechnicalassistancetogovernmentsaimstosupportcountries’sustainableandinclusivedevelopmentambitions.TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheUnitedNationsSecretariat.Theopinions,figuresandestimatessetforthinthispublicationaretheresponsibilityoftheauthorsandshouldnotnecessarilybeconsideredasreflectingtheviewsorcarryingtheendorsementoftheUnitedNations.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.MentionoffirmnamesandcommercialproductsdoesnotimplytheendorsementoftheUnitedNations.iiACKNOWLEDGEMENTThepresentpublicationwaspreparedbytheTransportDivisionoftheEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific(ESCAP)undertheoverallguidanceofMs.AzharJaimurzinaDucrest,SectionChiefandledbyMr.EdouardChong,EconomicAffairsOfficer,TransportConnectivityandLogisticsSection.Thecoreauthorsare(inalphabeticalorder)Mr.AndreyYershov,Expertconsultant,Astana,Kazakhstan;Dr.ChunhoYeom,Professor,UniversityofSeoul,Seoul,RepublicofKorea;andDr.YuShen,AssociateProfessor,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai,China.GratefulacknowledgmentismadetotheGovernmentofChinaforthegenerousfundingofthisstudy.iiiTABLEOFCONTENTSEXECUTIVESUMMARY................................................................................................................31.INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................52.HIGHWAYSTANDARDSANDLOWCARBONANDRESILIENTROADINFRASTRUCTUREALONGTHEASIANHIGHWAYNETWORK............................................................................72.1China....................................................................................................................................72.2India...................................................................................................................................112.3Kazakhstan.........................................................................................................................172.4RepublicofKorea..............................................................................................................202.5Philippines................................................................