重载氢内燃机氢燃烧机理研究Heavy-DutyH2CombustionAlesSrna(P.I.)andRajavasanthRajasegarCombustionResearchFacility2023.06NationalLaboratoriesExceptionalserviceinthenationalinterest公众号卡车技术前线NASAfhetteDeaNnforshsdfLherfHefhneronssge·卡车技术前线Barriers(basedonfeedbackfromindustrypartners)·InadequateunderstandingofH2-ICEin-cylinderprocesses·Flame-wallinteractionsandquenching→oilconsumptionandincreasedwall-heatlossesAdvantages/disadvantagesofadvancedignitionAirmanagementsystemrequirementsforultra-leanoperationMitigationofengine-outNOxemissionsanddevelopmentoflow-costaftertreatmentMulti-fueloperationusingsinglehardwareconfigurationPredictivesimulationsofH2ICEcombustionprocessTimelineProjectprovidesresearchthatsupportsindustry'sH2enginedevelopmentprojectsProjectdirectionsandcontinuationareevaluatedannuallyProjectinitiatedinFY2022,FY2023firsttimeunderreviewatAMRPartnersBorgWarner,ArgonneNationalLaboratory,UniversityofDuisburg-Essen,PolytechnicUniversityofValencia,DanishTechnicalUniversityProjectlead:Sandia(Srna)BudgetFY2022:$400kFY2023:$450kMixingandcombustion,CFDsimulation→suboptimalefficiencyandhigherNOxemissionsH2pre-ignitionroot-causes→expensivehardwareR&DOVERVIEW:HEAVY-DUTYH2COMBUSTIONsystems(pre-chamber)→potentialforpre-ignition,benefits?,combustionevolutionandpowerdensitylimitations2RelevanceHydrogenInternalCombustionEngines(H2ICE)arebeingactivelydevelopedbymost(all)OEMsfordecarbonizationofdifficult-to-electrifysectorsH2ICEmarketentryasearlyas2023-2027MarketshareprojectionsbyseveralU.S.OEMsindicatethatforapplicationsthatrequirehigh-powerdensity,havedifficultcooling/packagingrequirements,orneedtooperateinextremeambientenvironments,H2ICEsarelikelytogainandretainasignificantmarketshareto2050andbeyondLona-TermObiectiveClosetheknowledgegapspertainingtoH2ICEin-cylinderprocessesandcontrolstrategiestoallowindustrytodesignandbuildcost-effective,highpowerH2engineswithemissionsbelowzero-impactlevel卡牛技不前线RELEVANCE/OBJECTIVESmitigationAirH₂NOLocalHot-SpotsHotExhaustGasResidualsCaiussopnoascteeodrbH2ICE-FUNDAMENTALR&DKNOWLEDGEGAPSCurrentOEMperspective:UrgentneedtobringaH2ICEproductonthemarketquickly(PFI,modifyingexistingengines,efficiencySecondgenerationH2ICEwillbedevelopedwithfocusonperformanceandemissions(Dl,optimizedImpactEfficiency,range,emissions,cost,accelerateddevelopmentImprovementstoexistingproductsthroughcomponentretrofit卡车技术前线Phenomenologicalunderstandingofkeypre-ignitionmechanismsIn-cylindermixingvalidationdataPredictiveCFDmodellingInjectordesignguidelinesH₂near-wallquenching/reactionsAccurateheat-lossmodelsPreignition&knock:mitigationanddetectionInjectionandmixing:fulloptimization,NOxmitigationFlame/wallinteractionsHeat-loss,materialthermalstressCombustionstrategies&controlsStrategiesforincreasingpowerdensity&efficiencyAlternativeNO,mitigationstrategies(e.g.H₂Oinj.)Multi-fueloperationusingsinglehardwareconfigurationReducedpowerdensityrelativetodieselcounterparts,efficiencyNOxemissionincertainoperatingpointsKnowledgeGapsChallengesKineticsofH2/NG/renew.dieselfuelblendsPredictivesimulationsofH2ICEcombustionprocessUnderstandingpre-ignition/knockmechanismsiskeytosuccessfulissecondary)configuration,etc.)SparkPlug(sparkelectrodes,exhaustvalves,etc.)LubricatingoilntakeldropletsLong-TermObiectiveClosetheknowledgegapspertainingtoH2ICEin-cylinderprocess...