PathwaystoCommercialLiftoff:SustainableAviationFuelNOVEMBER|2024ThisreportwaspreparedasanaccountofworksponsoredbyanagencyoftheUnitedStatesgovernment.NeithertheUnitedStatesgovernmentnoranyagencythereof,noranyoftheiremployees,makesanywarranty,expressorimplied,orassumesanylegalliabilityorresponsibilityfortheaccuracy,completeness,orusefulnessofanyinformation,apparatus,product,orprocessdisclosed,orrepresentsthatitsusewouldnotinfringeprivatelyownedrights.Referencehereintoanyspecificcommercialproduct,process,orservicebytradename,trademark,manufacturer,orotherwisedoesnotnecessarilyconstituteorimplyitsendorsement,recommendation,orfavoringbytheUnitedStatesgovernmentoranyagencythereof.TheviewsandopinionsofauthorsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilystateorreflectthoseoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentoranyagencythereof.CommentsTheDepartmentofEnergywelcomesinputandfeedbackonthecontentsofthisPathwaytoCommercialLiftoffReport.Pleasedirectallinquiriesandinputtoliftoff@hq.doe.gov.Inputandfeedbackshouldnotincludebusinesssensitiveinformation,tradesecrets,proprietary,orotherwiseconfidentialinformation.PleasenotethatinputandfeedbackprovidedissubjecttotheFreedomofInformationAct.AuthorsCampbellHowe,LoanProgramsOffice(Lead)ElizabethRolfes,OfficeofCleanEnergyDemonstrationsDr.KatelynO’Dell,OfficeofCleanEnergyDemonstrationsDr.BrandonMcMurtry,OfficeofPolicySonaliRazdan,LoanProgramsOfficeDr.AnneOtwell,BioenergyTechnologiesOfficeAcknowledgementsCross-cuttingDepartmentofEnergyleadershipforthePathwaystoCommercialLiftoffeffort:UndersecretaryforInfrastructure:DavidCraneUndersecretaryforScienceandInnovation:Dr.GeraldineRichmondLoanProgramsOffice:JigarShahOfficeofCleanEnergyDemonstrations:KellyCumminsOfficeofTechnologyTransitions:Dr.VanessaChanOfficeofPolicy:CarlaFrisch,NeeleshNerurkarOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergy:JeffMarootianBioenergyTechnologiesOffice:Dr.ValerieReedDepartmentofEnergyadvisoryandsupportfortheSAFLiftoffReport:LoanProgramsOffice:KenHill,Dr.MadelynEvans,AdrianSacketOfficeofCleanEnergyDemonstrations:MelissaKlembara,Dr.TheresaChristianOfficeofTechnologyTransitions:RachelEnright,StephenHendrickson,JuliusGoldberg-Lewis,AmitSamra,MohammadMohsinAliOfficeofPolicy:SteveCapannaOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergy:MichaelShell,BenjaminMiller,Dr.BrandenLeonhardtBioenergyTechnologiesOffice:JohnCabaniss,ZiaHaqNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory:Dr.ZiaAbdullah,Dr.LingTao,Dr.OscarRosalesCalderonSpecialthankstoIanMcColl.TableofContentsComments.........................................................................................................................................................iiiAuthors.............................................................................................................................................................iiiAcknowledgements.........................................................................................................................................iiiContext...............................................................................................................................................................1ExecutiveSummary..........................................................................................................................................2ScaleSupply..................................................................