0SustainablesupplychainandindustrialisationofhydrogentechnologiesSummaryReport20242https://www.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/index_ene-mail:info@clean-hydrogen.europa.eutel:+3222218148;+3222218410Communication&Press:e-mail:communications@clean-hydrogen.europa.eutel:+3222218128PreparedfortheCleanHydrogenPartnershipundercontractREF.CleanHydrogen/OP/Contract324byMonitorDeloitteandSWECO.ThisreportisasummaryofacomprehensivebackgroundreportkeptconfidentialandsharedonlywiththeCleanHydrogenPartnershipanditsmembers-EuropeanCommission,HydrogenEuropeandHydrogenEuropeResearch.TheCleanHydrogenPartnershipdoesnotownthecopyrightinrelationtothefollowingelements:Cover:photobyScharfsinn86,source:AdobeStockPDFISBN978-92-9246-446-2doi:110.2843/3212478TheinformationandviewssetoutinthisreportarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialopinionoftheCleanHydrogenPartnership.TheCleanHydrogenPartnershipdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthisreport.NeithertheCleanHydrogenPartnershipnoranypersonactingontheCleanHydrogenPartnership’sbehalfmaybeheldresponsiblefortheusewhichmaybemadeoftheinformationcontainedtherein.©CleanHydrogenJointUndertaking,2024.Reproductionisauthorisedprovidedthesourceisacknowledged.ForanyuseorreproductionofphotosorothermaterialthatisnotunderthecopyrightoftheCleanHydrogenJointUndertaking,permissionmustbesoughtdirectlyfromthecopyrightholders.EUROPEANPARTNERSHIP3SUSTAINABLESUPPLYCHAINANDINDUSTRIALISATIONOFHYDROGENTECHNOLOGIESSUMMARYREPORTEUROPEANPARTNERSHIP4CONTENTSContents4Listofabbreviations60.Executivesummary80.1.RelevanceofthehydrogensupplychaininthecontextofEuropeanditscompetitors80.2.Conclusionsofthesupplychainassessmentforselectedrenewablehydrogentechnologies80.3.RecommendationstostrengthentheEuropeanHydrogenSupplyChain90.3.1.Strengtheningthehydrogensupplychain(generalrecommendations)100.3.2.Improvementofsustainabilityandcircularity100.3.3.NecessaryeffortstodevelophydrogenprojectsinEurope101.StudygoalsandScope112.Relevanceoftherenewablehydrogensupplychain122.1.Renewablehydrogenasakeyelementtoreachthenet-zerogoal122.2.Europeanstrategyandregulatorycontextforhydrogen122.2.1.EuropeanUnionregulatoryframework122.2.2.EuropeanUnionfundinglines132.2.3.Europeansupplychainstrategies132.3.Globalrenewablehydrogenstrategies142.3.1.Technologicaldevelopmentstrategies142.4.Therelevanceofsupplychains152.4.1.TherelevanceofsupplychaincostcompetitivenessinH2production162.5.Circularityofmaterialsandrecyclingtechniquesforhydrogentechnologies172.5.1.Circularityindesign172.5.2.Recyclingofmaterials172.5.3.Challengingmaterials172.6.Skillsandworkforceinthehydrogensupplychain182.6.1.Theopportunitiesforjobcreationrepresentedbyhydrogentechnologies182.6.2.Commonskillsamonghydrogentechnologies183.Supplychainassessmentforselectedrenewablehydrogentechnologies193.1.Productiontechnologies’supplychains193.1.1.Electrolysers193.1.2.Wastetohydrogen333.2.Logisticstechnologies’supplychains363.2.1.Hydrogenbasedcarriers373.2.2.Storagetechnologies40EUROPEANPARTNERSHIP53.2.3.Distributiontechnologies473.3.End-usetechnologysupplychains513.3.1.Fuelcelltechnologies513.3.2.Industrialusetechnologies593.3.3.Othertechnologies624.Recommendationstostrengthentheeuropeanhydrogensupplychain704.1.Strengtheningthehydrogensupplychain704.1.1.Generalrecommendationstostrengthenthehydrogensupplychain704.1.2.Specificrec...