绿氢电力系统的形态演进TheevolutionofGreenHydrogenPowerSysetm林今博士清华大学电机系长聘副教授/博士生导师清华四川能源互联网研究院智慧氢能系统实验室主任2024年8月绿氢过去式ThePastofGreenHydrogen小标方时代TheSmallScaleEra大标方时代TheLargeScaleEra绿氢现在式ThePresentofGreenHydrogen一次系统ThePrimarySystem二次系统TheSecondarySystem绿氢未来式TheFutureofGreenHydrogen离网型绿氢电力系统IsolatedGreenHydrogenPowerSystem氢储能电力系统HydrogenEnergyStoragePowerSystem耦合绿氢供应链的电力系统PowerSystemwithHydrogenSupplyChain目CONTANTS录0032定子冷却水循环Statorcoolingwatercirculation氢气冷却器HydrogenCooler定子冷却水循环Statorcoolingwatercirculation水氢氢冷发电机冷却结构示意图Schematicdiagramofcoolingstructureofwater-hydrogen-cooledgenerator3绿氢过去式：小标方时代ThePastofGreenHydrogen:TheSmallScaleEra电制氢小规模应用：大型发电机的冷却介质Small-scaleapplicationofhydrogenproductionfromelectricity:coolingmediumforlargegenerators200MW发电机组冷却耗氢量约60Nm³/天，2.5标方/hAnnualpowerconsumptionofdatacentersinChina:270TWh(2022)→400TWh(2030)-b十电力系统LoPowersystemb变换器由制氢厂自备，多采用380V晶闸管整流系统供电，无需动态运行能力，系统效率低Theconverterisprovidedbytheplantandismostlypoweredbya380Vthyristorrectifier,whichdoesnotrequiredynamicoperationcapabilityandhaslowsystemefficiency绿氢过去式：小标方时代ThePastofGreenHydrogen:TheSmallScaleEra5标方/h电解系统输出电压低，电压损耗占比高Theoutputvoltageof5Nm³/helectrolysissystemislow,sOtheproportionofvoltagelossishigh4晶闸管双反星型整流器，以提高输出电流Double-reverse-starrectifiercircuitforthewaterelectrolysissystemtoincreaseoutputcurrentResistancelosses10.1%Voltagelosses89.9%电阻损耗占比10.1%电压损耗占比89.9%导通Switchon清草大学TsinghuaUniversiry电解槽StackOnRoG1G3G5G4G6380V1ol电制氢较大规模应用：基于改良西门子法的多晶硅生产Largescaleapplicationofhydrogenproductionbyelectrolysis:polycrystallinesiliconproductionbasedonmodifiedsiemensprocess分馏塔废料SiC,化中反应景分馏塔流化宋反靡HCI冷凝器sancsiC,绿氢过去式：大标方时代ThePastofGreenHydrogen:TheLargeScaleEraH₂sHG,H₂混合高纯硅约1100摄氏度40C冷凝器sanCt,+siC,60℃0.55MPa冷凝器使用氢气在高温下将纯化的SiCl₄还原成高纯度的多晶硅UsinghydrogengastoreducepurifiedSiCl₄tohigh-puritypolycrystallinesiliconathightemperature[1]刘秀琼唐正林多晶硅生产技术项目化教程M]北京化学工业出版社，201348对棒还原炉氢气进料量约500标方/小时Thehydrogenfeedisabout500Nm³/h5H₂H₂SiHCL,+SiCSiHCl+Sic废料H₂H₂H₂分离柱S原料化sHCHCI绿氢过去式：大标方时代ThePastofGreenHydrogen:TheLargeScaleEra10kV电压等级供电，多采用晶闸管多脉波(12/24/48)整流电源10kVpowersupplymostlyusingthyristormulti-pulse(12/24/48)rectifier晶闸管多脉波整流器，提高交流和直流侧电能质量Thyristormulti-pulserectifierimprovespowerqualityonbothACandDCsides百标方-千标方/h电制氢系统(兆瓦级)MW-scalepowertohgdrogensystem6晶闸管整流器Thyristorrectifier电流总谐波畸变THDofcurrent功率因数Powerfactor直流电流纹波系数DCcurrentripple直流电压纹波系数DCvoltageripple6脉波6-pulse27.52%0.752.54%0.5%12脉波12-pulse12.75%0.741.79%0.12%24脉波24-pulse0.91%0.730.1%0.02%500标方/h电解系统输出电压高，电压损耗占比低Theoutputvoltageof500Nm3/helectrolysissystemishigh,sotheproportionofvoltagelossislow7大规模制氢电源效率和电能质量提高，全系统效率提高，电源生产开始走向专业化Theefficiencyandpowerqualityoflarge-scalepowersupplieshavebeenimproved,leadingtoanoverallincreaseinsystemefficiency.Powe...