ProposalfortherulesforthecalculationoftheCarbonFootprintofrechargeableIndustrialBatteriesexceptthosewithexclusivelyexternalstorage(CFB-IND)JRCDraftTechnicalReport-December2023EURXXXXXXXJRCSCIENCEFORPOLICYREPORTThispublicationisaScienceforPolicyreportbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC),theEuropeanCommission’sscienceandknowledgeservice.Itaimstoprovideevidence-basedscientificsupporttotheEuropeanpolicymakingprocess.ThecontentsofthispublicationdonotnecessarilyreflectthepositionoropinionoftheEuropeanCommission.NeithertheEuropeanCommissionnoranypersonactingonbehalfoftheCommissionisresponsiblefortheusethatmightbemadeofthispublication.ForinformationonthemethodologyandqualityunderlyingthedatausedinthispublicationforwhichthesourceisneitherEurostatnorotherCommissionservices,usersshouldcontactthereferencedsource.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthemapsdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheEuropeanUnionconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.ContactinformationAddress:Email:Tel.:ThereusepolicyoftheEuropeanCommissiondocumentsisimplementedbytheCommissionDecision2011/833/EUof12December2011onthereuseofCommissiondocuments(OJL330,14.12.2011,p.39).Unlessotherwisenoted,thereuseofthisdocumentisauthorisedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0International(CCBY4.0)licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Thismeansthatreuseisallowedprovidedappropriatecreditisgivenandanychangesareindicated.iContentsContents...................................................................................................................................................................iAbstract...................................................................................................................................................................11Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................21.1Terminology..............................................................................................................................................42Scope.................................................................................................................................................................53Functionalunitandreferenceflow...................................................................................................................63.1Functionalunitforrepetitiveenergysupply(REP)industrialbatteries...................................................63.2Functionalunitforon-demand(OND)orbackupindustrialbatteries.....................................................84SystemBoundariesandcut-offrules.............................................................................................................104.1Cut-offrules............................................................................................................................................124.2Rawmaterialacquisitionandpre-processing........................................................................................124.3Manufacturing...........................................................................................................................................