ActualizingthegreenhydrogeneconomyLegalandfinancialconsiderationstoadvancesustainableenergyExecutiveSummary031.Introduction062.Legalpolicyframework093.Financialandinvestmentconsiderationstogreenhydrogen143.1.Economicandfinancialcharacteristicsofgreenhydrogen153.2.Overviewofsomeofthemainfinancialandeconomicinstrumentstohelpincreasebankabilityofgreenhydrogenprojects193.3.Effectivenessofthemainfinancialandeconomicinstruments214.Recommendations24Appendix:Thecasestudyandcalculationofdifferentindicators26Endnotes30AuthorsandContacts35DeloitteCenterforSustainableProgress3702Actualizingthegreenhydrogeneconomy|TableofContentsExecutiveSummaryActualizingthegreenhydrogeneconomy|ExecutiveSummary03Actionontheglobalclimatecrisisfrontiswantingandfarfromsufficient.FindingsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange’s(IPCC)6thAssessmentReport(AR6)highlightthatprojectedadverseimpactsandrelatedlossesanddamagesintensifywitheveryincrementofglobaltemperaturerising.Limitingglobalwarmingrequiresdeepdecarbonizationofthewholeeconomy.Suchatransitiontonet-zerogreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsentailslowcarbonintensityateachsectoroftheeconomyandimportantchangesinbehaviors,regulations,andinstitutions.Forhard-to-abatesectorssuchasheavy-dutytransportandsomeindustrialprocesseswhereelectrificationcanbeverydifficultorimpossible,mitigationoptionscanincludedecarbonizingthroughabatementtechnologiesandswitchingtonewlow-andzero-emittingenergycarrierssuchascleanhydrogenanditsderivativemolecules,suchasammonia,methanolandothersyntheticfuels.Thispaperreviewsthegreenhydrogenlandscapeprovidinginsightsoncurrentanddevelopinglawandpolicyframeworks,finance,andbankabilityconsiderations,andprovidesrecommendationstohelpadvancethegreenhydrogenvaluechainconsideringkeychallengesandareasofopportunity.Giventhenascentnatureofthecleanhydrogensector,alignmentofthepolicyandregulatoryarchitecturetowardsaParis-alignedgreenhydrogeneconomycanprovideimportantlegalclarity,certaintyandcancreateanenablingenvironmentforstakeholderengagementacrossthevaluechain.Theglobalpolicyenvironmentonthedevelopmentofagreenhydrogeneconomyisshapingup,notablyviatheUSInflationReductionAct(IRA),theGermanH2Globalofftakeplatform,andothernationalandregionalhydrogenstrategiesinareassuchastheEuropeanUnion,theUnitedArabEmiratesandAustralia.Whiletheimportanceoffinanceanddifferentcost-reductionsupportmechanisms(suchasoperationalorinvestmentsupportschemes)wasunderscoredacrosstheseregions,thepolicyenvironmentcurrentlylackssufficientregion-specifictoolstohelpkickstartthegreenhydrogeneconomy.Thephysicalandeconomiccharacteristicsofgreenhydrogenmakeitsproductioncosthighlysensitivetotheweatherconditionsanditsfinancingstructure.Moreover,thenascentnatureofcleanhydrogenmarketmakesithighlydependentonpolicyandregulatorysupport.Initiationofacleanhydrogeneconomy,inlinewithsustainabledevelopmentgoals,requires:1.Facilitatinginvestmentsviaunlockingfundsandforeigninvestmentinitiatives,2.Reducingfinancingcostsviaenablingaccesstolow-costfinance,3.Creatingalevel-playingfieldforgreenhydrogenviaoperationalsubsidiesuntilatleastlate2030s,4.Creationofdemandforgreenhydrogenviasectoralinitiativesandobligations,and5.Reductionofthepermittingandconstructionperiodsviafacilitatedpermittingprocesses.Severalmechanismscanbeusedtohelpmakegreenhydrogenprojectseconomicallymorecompetitiveandtofacilitateinvestment...